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Zhu B, Si M, Xie X, Yan X, Huang J, Tian S, Ning P. Effects of biomass co-pyrolysis and herbaceous plant colonization on the transformation of tailings into soil like substrate. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:230-243. [PMID: 39003043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing soil organic matter characteristics, ameliorating physical structure, mitigating heavy metal toxicity, and hastening mineral weathering processes are crucial approaches to accomplish the transition of tailings substrate to a soil-like substrate. The incorporation of biomass co-pyrolysis and plant colonization has been established to be a significant factor in soil substrate formation and soil pollutant remediation. Despite this, there is presently an absence of research efforts aimed at synergistically utilizing these two technologies to expedite the process of mining tailings soil substrate formation. The current study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of geochemical changes and rapid mineral weathering during the process of transforming tailings substrate into a soil-like substrate, under the combined effects of biomass co-smoldering pyrolysis and plant colonization. The findings of this study suggest that the incorporation of smoldering pyrolysis and plant colonization induces a high-temperature effect and biological effects, which enhance the physical and chemical properties of tailings, while simultaneously accelerating the rate of mineral weathering. Notable improvements include the amelioration of extreme pH levels, nutrient enrichment, the formation of aggregates, and an increase in enzyme activity, all of which collectively demonstrate the successful attainment of tailings substrate reconstruction. Evidence of the accelerated weathering was verified by phase and surface morphology analysis using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Discovered corrosion and fragmentation on the surface of minerals. The weathering resulted in corrosion and fragmentation of the surface of the treated mineral. This study confirms that co-smoldering pyrolysis of biomass, combined with plant colonization, can effectively promote the transformation of tailings into soil-like substrates. This method has can effectively address the key challenges that have previously hindered sustainable development of the mining industry and provides a novel approach for ecological restoration of tailings deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Meiyan Si
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Guizhou Research Institute of Coal Mine Design Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ximin Yan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianhong Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Senlin Tian
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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2
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Wang K, Ren H, Yuan S, Jiang X, Wang P. Exploring the diversity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties and sources in different functional areas of a typical macrophyte - derived lake combined with optical spectroscopy and FT-ICR MS analysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:462-473. [PMID: 39003062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Lake Baiyangdian is one of China's largest macrophyte - derived lakes, facing severe challenges related to water quality maintenance and eutrophication prevention. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was a huge carbon pool and its abundance, property, and transformation played important roles in the biogeochemical cycle and energy flow in lake ecosystems. In this study, Lake Baiyangdian was divided into four distinct areas: Unartificial Area (UA), Village Area (VA), Tourism Area (TA), and Breeding Area (BA). We examined the diversity of DOM properties and sources across these functional areas. Our findings reveal that DOM in this lake is predominantly composed of protein - like substances, as determined by excitation - emission matrix and parallel factor analysis (EEM - PARAFAC). Notably, the exogenous tyrosine-like component C1 showed a stronger presence in VA and BA compared to UA and TA. Ultrahigh - resolution mass spectrometry (FT - ICR MS) unveiled a similar DOM molecular composition pattern across different functional areas due to the high relative abundances of lignan compounds, suggesting that macrophytes significantly influence the material structure of DOM. DOM properties exhibited specific associations with water quality indicators in various functional areas, as indicated by the Mantel test. The connections between DOM properties and NO3N and NH3N were more pronounced in VA and BA than in UA and TA. Our results underscore the viability of using DOM as an indicator for more precise and scientific water quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haoyu Ren
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shengwu Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Pengfei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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3
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Smyth SJ, Phillips PWB, Castle D. An assessment of the linkages between GM crop biotechnology and climate change mitigation. GM CROPS & FOOD 2024; 15:150-169. [PMID: 38590162 PMCID: PMC11005809 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2335701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This article provides an analysis and evaluation of peer-reviewed evidence on the contribution of crop biotechnology to climate change mitigation and adaption. While there is a range of agricultural technologies and products that contribute to climate change mitigation, this literature landscape analysis focuses on the development of genetically modified traits, their use and adoption in major commodity crops and responsive changes in production techniques. Jointly, these technologies and products are contributing to climate change mitigation, yet the technology, the literature and evidence is still evolving as more sophisticated research methods are used with greater consistency. The literature analysis is undertaken with consideration of the consequential impact that regulatory regimes have on technology development. This assessment utilizes the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale and citation analysis, concluding that GM crops provide benefits that contribute to climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Smyth
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Peter W. B. Phillips
- Johnson Shoyama School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David Castle
- School of Public Administration, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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4
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Liu N, Yemshanov D, Parisien MA, Stockdale C, Moore B, Koch FH. PostBP: A Python library to analyze outputs from wildfire growth models. MethodsX 2024; 13:102816. [PMID: 39040216 PMCID: PMC11260593 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildfire is an important natural disturbance agent in Canadian forests, but it has also caused significant economic damage nationwide. Spatial fire growth models have emerged as important tools for representing wildfire dynamics across diverse landscapes, enabling the mapping of key wildfire hazard metrics such as location-specific burn probabilities or likelihoods of fire ignition. While these summary metrics have gained popularity, they often fall short in capturing the directional spread of wildfires and their potential spread distances. The metrics depicting the directional spread of wildfire can be derived from raw outputs generated with fire growth models, such as the perimeters and ignition locations of individual fires, but extracting this information requires complex data processing. To address this data gap, we present PostBP, an open-source Python package designed for post-processing the raw outputs of fire growth models - the ignition locations and perimeters of individual fires simulated over multiple stochastic iterations - into a matrix of fire spread likelihoods between all pairs of forest patches in a landscape. The PostBP also generates several other summary outputs, such as the source-sink ratio and the fire spread rose diagram. We provide an overview of PostBP's capabilities and demonstrate its practical application to a forested landscape.•Wildfire growth models generate large amounts of outputs, which are hard to summarize for practical decision-making.•The PostBP package calculates the summary metrics characterizing the directional spread of wildfires.•The fire risk summaries generated with PostBP can support the assessments of wildfire risk and mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Denys Yemshanov
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Marc-André Parisien
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 122 Street Northwest, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chris Stockdale
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 122 Street Northwest, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Brett Moore
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 122 Street Northwest, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Frank H. Koch
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, 3041 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Liu F, Yang J, Zhang Y, Yang S, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Shao Y, Gao D, Yuan Z, Zhang Y. Mulches assist degraded soil recovery via stimulating biogeochemical cycling: metagenomic analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:20. [PMID: 38159114 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Soil degradation of urban greening has caused soil fertility loss and soil organic carbon depletion. Organic mulches are made from natural origin materials, and represent a cost-effective and environment-friendly remediation method for urban greening. To reveal the effects of organic mulch on soil physicochemical characteristics and fertility, we selected a site that was covered with organic mulch for 6 years and a nearby lawn-covered site. The results showed that soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus levels were improved, especially at a depth of 0-20 cm. The activities of cellulase, invertase, and dehydrogenase in soil covered with organic mulch were 17.46%, 78.98%, and 283.19% higher than those under lawn, respectively. The marker genes of fermentation, aerobic respiration, methanogenesis, and methane oxidation were also enriched in the soil under organic mulch. Nitrogen cycling was generally repressed by the organic mulch, but the assimilatory nitrate and nitrite reduction processes were enhanced. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was 12.63% higher in the mulch-covered soil, and functional genes involved in phosphorus cycling were also enriched. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the influence of organic mulch on soil microbes and provides a deeper insight into the recovery strategy for soil degradation following urban greening. KEY POINTS: • Long-term cover with organic mulches assists soil recovery from degradation • Soil physical and chemical properties were changed by organic mulches • Organic mulches enhanced genes involved in microbially mediated C and P cycling • Soil organic matter was derived from decomposition of organic mulch and carbon fixation • N cycling was repressed by mulches, except for assimilatory NO2- and NO3- reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiale Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuilian Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yizhen Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Engineering and Architecture, Beijing University of Civil, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhiliang Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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6
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Daraei H, Bertone E, Awad J, Stewart RA, Chow CWK, Duan J, Mussared A, Van Leeuwen J. A novel mathematical template for developing fDOM probe fluorescence signal correction models for freshwaters. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 146:103-117. [PMID: 38969439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The reliable application of field deployable fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) probes is hindered by several influencing factors which need to be compensated. This manuscript describes the corrections of temperature, pH, turbidity and inner filter effect on fluorescence signal of a commercial fDOM probe (fDOMs). For this, Australian waters with wide ranging qualities were selected, e.g. dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranging from ∼1 to ∼30 mg/L, specific UV absorbance at 254 nm from ∼1 to ∼6 L/m/mg and turbidity from ∼1 to ∼ 350 FNU. Laboratory-based model calibration experiments (MCEs) were performed. A model template was developed and used for the development of the correction models. For each factor, data generated through MCEs were used to determine model coefficient (α) values by fitting the generated model to the experimental data. Four discrete factor models were generated by determination of a factor-specific α value. The α values derived for each water of the MCEs subset were consistent for each factor model. This indicated generic nature of the four α values across wide-ranging water qualities. High correlation between fDOMs and DOC were achieved after applying the four-factor compensation models to new data (r, 0.96, p < 0.05). Also, average biases (and %) between DOC predicted through fDOMs and actual DOC were decreased by applying the four-factor compensation model (from 3.54 (60.9%) to 1.28 (16.7%) mg/L DOC). These correction models were incorporated into a Microsoft EXCEL-based software termed EXOf-Correct for ready-to-use applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiua Daraei
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Environmental Health Research Centre, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Edoardo Bertone
- Griffith School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - John Awad
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; CSIRO Environment, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Rodney A Stewart
- Griffith School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher W K Chow
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Jinming Duan
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Amanda Mussared
- Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - John Van Leeuwen
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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7
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Yin Y, Yang K, Gao M, Wei J, Zhong X, Jiang K, Gao J, Cai Y. Declined nutrients stability shaped by water residence times in lakes and reservoirs under climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176098. [PMID: 39245377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Water quality stability in lakes and reservoirs is essential for drinking water safety and ecosystem health, especially given the frequent occurrence of extreme climate events. However, the relationship between water quality stability and water residence time (WRT) has not been well elucidated. In this study, we explored the relationship based on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations data in 11 lakes and 49 reservoirs in the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin from 2010 to 2022. Additionally, we examined the effects of hydrometeorological characteristics, the geomorphology of water bodies and catchments, and land use on the WRT, establishing a link between climate change and the stability of N and P in these water bodies. The results showed that a significant correlation between the stability of N and P in lakes and reservoirs and their WRT. The longer WRT tends to coincide with decreased stability and higher nutrient concentrations. Hydrometeorological factors are the primary factors on the WRT, with precipitation exerting the greatest effect, particularly under extreme drought. In recent years, extreme climatic events have intensified the fluctuations of WRT, resulting in a renewed increase in N and P concentrations and deterioration in stability. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating meteorological and hydrological factors alongside reinforcing ecological restoration into lake and reservoir management strategies, and providing a scientific basis for future efforts aimed at enhancing lake and reservoir water quality stability and safeguarding aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiahao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Kaile Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongjiu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
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Baliva M, Palli J, Perri F, Iovino F, Luzzi G, Piovesan G. The return of tall forests: Reconstructing the canopy resilience of an extensively harvested primary forest in Mediterranean mountains. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:175806. [PMID: 39197759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Understanding recovery times and mechanisms of ecosystem dynamics towards the old-growth stage is crucial for forest restoration, but still poorly delineated in Mediterranean. Through tree-ring methods, we reconstructed the return of a tall canopy after severe human disturbance in a mixed beech (Fagus sylvatica) and silver fir (Abies alba) forest, located at a mountain site in the southern edge of both species' range (Gariglione, south Italy). The primary forest was extensively harvested between 1930 and 1950, removing up to 91 % of the biomass. Growth histories, climate-growth relationships and time-series of growth dominance in Gariglione were compared with a network of protected mature and old-growth beech forests distributed along a wide elevational gradient in the same region. We found that the renewed tall canopy of Gariglione is mainly composed of remnant trees, which include uncut trees and saplings, and the post-harvesting regeneration mostly represented by fir. Canopy beech trees reached maximum basal area increment (BAI) in the 1970s, 40-50 years after cutting. Then, beech BAI shifted towards negative trends in phase with drying climate (PDSI), while fir maintained a sustained growth until 2000. This growth asynchrony between the two species conferred community stability over the last decades. The network comparison highlighted the common negative impact of summer drought on high-frequency growth signals of beech in south Italy. However, analysis of long-term mean growth trends indicates decreasing BAI limited to Gariglione beech, revealing relevant differences due to site ecology and its interactions with legacy effects of past management in driving growth responses to climate change. Indeed, lowland mature beech forests showed increasing BAI in the last decades, while primary high-mountain forests displayed a remarkably stable low oscillating growth. In all the Mediterranean forests we studied, large and old trees showed a marked growth acclimation despite ongoing climate warming, demonstrating the effectiveness of landscape rewilding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baliva
- Department of Biological and Ecological sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Jordan Palli
- Department of Biological and Ecological sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; Department of Earth Science, University of Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica Perri
- Sila National Park, Via Nazionale, 87055, Lorica San Giovanni in Fiore, Italy
| | - Francesco Iovino
- Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, Piazza Tommaso Alva Edison 11, 50133 Firenze, Italy; DIMES Lab. Camilab. University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci snc, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luzzi
- Sila National Park, Via Nazionale, 87055, Lorica San Giovanni in Fiore, Italy
| | - Gianluca Piovesan
- Department of Biological and Ecological sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Dieguez H, Piñeiro G, Paruelo J. Unraveling impacts on carbon, water and energy exchange of Pinus plantations in South American temperate ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176150. [PMID: 39260498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Tree plantations are expanding in southern South America and their effects on ecosystem services, particularly climate regulation, are still not well understood. Here, we used remote sensing techniques and a paired design to analyze ≈33,000 ha of Pinus plantations along a broad geographical and environmental gradient (26-43° South latitude, 54-72° West longitude). Radiation interception, surface temperature, evapotranspiration, and albedo were assessed both in tree plantations stands and in adjacent uncultivated areas. Additionally, the climatic impact of tree plantations was quantified by analyzing changes in atmospheric radiative forcing and its carbon (C) equivalent. Tree plantations intercepted more radiation when replacing steppes, grasslands, and shrublands but not when replacing forests. The control exerted on radiation interception by precipitation decreased in both space and time after tree plantation. Furthermore, evapotranspiration notably increased in tree plantations. The lower albedo of tree plantations compared to uncultivated adjacent areas induces global warming through the biophysical pathway. Thus, the climate benefits of afforestation through C sequestration can be counteracted by 18 to 83 % due to albedo changes. It is necessary to fully consider the biophysical effects and water footprint of tree plantations in public policies that promote them, as well as in international carbon accounting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Dieguez
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información. Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gervasio Piñeiro
- Cátedra de Ecología, Departamento de RRNN y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Paruelo
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información. Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) - La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km. 11, Colonia, Uruguay; IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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10
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Shi X, Luo X, Jiao JJ, Zuo J, Kuang X, Zhou J. Lacustrine groundwater discharge-derived carbon and nitrogen to regulate biogeochemical processes as revealed by stable isotope signals in a large shallow eutrophic lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176069. [PMID: 39244066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Eutrophic shallow lakes are hotspots of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) accumulation and transformation, and are increasingly recognized as important sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs: CO2, CH4 and N2O). Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) is a crucial component of the water budget and terrestrial material delivery for lakes, but its interplays with intrinsic CN biogeochemical processes remain less tackled. In this study, C and N ingredients and multiple stable isotopes (δ2H, δ18O, δ13C, and δ15N) were measured seasonally in groundwater, river water and lake water of a large eutrophic shallow lake in eastern China. The results revealed that groundwater is enriched with various forms of C and N that have similar sources and pathways as surface water in the lake and rivers. The isotope balance model also indicated that LGD derived C and N contribute significantly to lake inventories in addition to river runoff. These allochthonous C and N provide extra substrates for related biogeochemical processes, such as algae proliferation, organic matter degradation, methanogenesis and denitrification. Simultaneously, the excess oxygen consumption leads to depletion and hypoxia in the lake, further facilitating the processes of methanogenesis and denitrification. LGD functions not only as an external source of C and N that directly increases GHG saturations, but also as a mediator of internal CN pathways, which significantly affect hypoxia formation, GHG productions and emissions in the eutrophic lake. This study highlights the unrevealed potential regulation of LGD on biogeochemical processes in the eutrophic lake, and underscores the need for its consideration in environmental and ecological studies of lakes both regionally and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shi
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Earth and Environment Research Institute, Zhejiang Institution of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Earth and Environment Research Institute, Zhejiang Institution of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiu Jimmy Jiao
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Earth and Environment Research Institute, Zhejiang Institution of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jinchao Zuo
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Earth and Environment Research Institute, Zhejiang Institution of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Kuang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhou
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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11
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Li X, Li Y, Shen H, Li S, Zhao Z, Xiao J, Zhang R, Shi H, Zuo H, Danjia T, Chen G, Zhou X, Dong S. Different responses of individuals, functional groups and plant communities in CSR strategies to nitrogen deposition in high-altitude grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176051. [PMID: 39241877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The Competitor, Stress Tolerator, and Ruderal (CSR) theory delineates the ecological strategies of plant species. Nevertheless, how these ecological strategies shift at the levels of individuals, functional groups and plant communities to cope with increasing nitrogen deposition remains unclear. In this study, simulated nitrogen deposition experiments were performed in high-altitude grasslands of alpine meadows and alpine steppe on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) by employing the strategy and functional type framework (StrateFy) methodology to evaluate plant CSR strategies. Our results indicated that the dominant ecological strategy of the high-altitude grassland on the QTP were predominantly aligned with the R-strategy. In both alpine meadow and alpine steppe grasslands, the community-weighted mean (CWM) of C scores were increased with nitrogen addition, while CWM of R and S scores were not significantly correlated with nitrogen addition. Remarkably, the increase in C scores due to nitrogen enrichment was observed solely in non-legumes, suggesting an enhanced competitive capability of non-legumes in anticipation of future nitrogen deposition. Leymus secalinus was dominated in both alpine meadow and alpine steppe grasslands across all levels of nitrogen deposition, with increasing C scores along the nitrogen gradients. Furthermore, the sensitivity of C scores of individual plant, functional group and plant community to nitrogen deposition rates was more pronounced in alpine steppe grassland than in alpine meadow grassland. These findings furnish novel insights into the alterations of ecological strategies in high-altitude alpine grasslands on the QTP and similar regions worldwide in cope with escalating nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hao Shen
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiannan Xiao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hang Shi
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Zuo
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tu Danjia
- Grassland Improvement Experimental Station of Qinghai Province, Gonghe 813099, China
| | - Guoming Chen
- Grassland Improvement Experimental Station of Qinghai Province, Gonghe 813099, China
| | - Xueli Zhou
- Grassland Improvement Experimental Station of Qinghai Province, Gonghe 813099, China
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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12
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Wu Z, Wang W, Zhu W, Zhang P, Chang R, Wang G. Shrub ecosystem structure in response to anthropogenic climate change: A global synthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176202. [PMID: 39265690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic warming is predicted to alter ecological boundaries in energy-limited shrub ecosystems. Yet we still lack a sound understanding of the structural changes that shrub ecosystems are undergoing on a global scale and the factors driving them. To that end, here we collected studies of shrub dynamics from 227 sites worldwide to conduct a quantitative review, including the rate of advancing shrubline (their upslope shift), the rates of shrub cover and recruitment changes. Our results revealed that shrub expanded (e.g. shrubline shifts, shrub cover and recruitment increase) at the vast majority of sites (84 %); in contrast, they remained stable in 10 % of sites and descended at just 6 % of them. The mean global shift rate of shrubline was 1.22 m/year, being significantly faster in subarctic (> 60°N) than temperate (< 60°N) regions, and likewise more quickly in wet (total annual precipitation >400 mm) than dry (total annual precipitation <400 mm) areas; the annual change rates of shrub cover and recruitment increased by 0.89 % and 2.02 %. Shrubs communities have expanded rapidly in response to ongoing climate warming. The combination of autumn precipitation and winter temperature largely contributed to the general shift rates of shrubline, while the shrub cover and recruitment were mainly affected by summer temperature and precipitation in both spring and autumn. Furthermore, the site-specific pace of their expansion probably depends on a combination of local climatic and non-climatic drivers (such as fine-scale environmental conditions, disturbance, their interactions, and dispersal limitation). The increase of shrub distribution may alter the function and albedo of the ecosystems at high-latitude and -elevation regions, resulting in the feedback on climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Wanze Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruiying Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Genxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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13
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Chen ZW, Hua ZL. Characteristics of organic matter driven by Eichhornia crassipes during co-contamination with per(poly)fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and microplastics (MPs). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176114. [PMID: 39255929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Co-contamination with MPs and PFASs has been recorded, particularly in surface-water environments. Floating macrophyte microcosms are an important part of the surface water ecosystem, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) driven by floating macrophytes (FMDDOM) is critical for maintaining material circulation. However, knowledge gaps remain regarding the impact of MPs and PFASs co-pollution on FMDDOM. An greenhouse simulation experiment was conducted in this study to investigate the effects of four PFASs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro-octane-sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid (Gen X), and potassium 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate (F-53B), on FMDDOM sourced from Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes), a typical floating macrophyte, in the presence and absence of polystyrene (PS) MPs. Four PFASs increased FMDDOM release from E. crassipes, leading to a 32.52-77.49 % increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels. PS MPs further increased this, with results ranging from -21.28 % to 26.49 %. Based on the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), FMDDOM was classified into three types of fluorescent components: tryptophan-like, humic-like, and tyrosine-like compounds. Contaminants of MPs and PFASs modified the relative abundance of these three components. Protein secondary structure analysis showed that fluorocarbon bonds tended to accumulate on the α-helix of proteins in FMDDOM. The relative abundance of fluorescent and chromophorous FMDDOMs varied from 0.648 ± 0.044 to 0.964 ± 0.173, indicating that the photochemical structures of the FMDDOM were modified. FMDDOM exhibits decreased humification and increased aromaticity when contaminated with MPs and PFASs, which may be detrimental to the geochemical cycling of carbon. This study offers a theoretical basis for assessing the combined ecological risks of MPs and PFASs in floating macrophyte ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Zu-Lin Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
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14
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Kefford BJ, Brooks AJ, Nichols SJ, Bray JP. Macroinvertebrate community and leaf litter breakdown measures lack concordance associated with singular or multiple stressors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176082. [PMID: 39244040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are being degraded by a wide range of stressors resulting from human activities. Various structural and functional metrics or indices are used to assess the 'health' or condition of riverine ecosystems. It is uncertain if structural or functional metrics or indices respond to different stressors and whether some are more responsive to stressors in general. Here we conducted a multi-study synthesis, similar to a meta-analysis, across four independent outdoor mesocosm experiments involving the manipulation of various chemical stressors - two types of salinity (synthetic marine salts (SMS) and sodium bicarbonate), two insecticides (malathion and sulfoxaflor), increased nutrients (N and P), increased sedimentation and two combinations of stressors (1: malathion, nutrients and sedimentation, 2: sulfoxaflor, nutrients and sedimentation). We compare the effects of these singular or multiple stressors on stream macroinvertebrate community structure, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf litter breakdown rates by microbes and total (microbes and invertebrates). Macroinvertebrate communities were adversely affected by the two sets of multiple stressors, SMS, and both insecticides yet, and in contrast to several published studies, both microbial and total leaf litter was unaffected. Nutrients and sodium bicarbonate, increased breakdown rates or had a unimodal 'Ո' shaped response, with maxima at intermediate levels. Sedimentation by fine sand, however, decreased total leaf litter breakdown, while not affecting microbial leaf litter breakdown. Divergent responses between the effects of stressors on leaf litter breakdown rates that we observed and those in the literature may be caused by multiple mechanisms, including differences between communities, functional redundancy and differences in stressor magnitude and interactions with other (unknown) variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Brooks
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; New South Wales Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, PO Box 53, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Susan J Nichols
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Bray
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; Department of Pest Management and Conservation, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
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15
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Tian X, Liu M, Li Z, Gao X, Yang R, Ni M, Xu YJ, Wang Y, Ye C, Yuan D, Li S. Eutrophication constrains driving forces of dissolved organic carbon biodegradation in metropolitan lake systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176177. [PMID: 39260484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) components can be highly variable in aquatic ecosystems, and play a pivotal role in the global carbon cycles. To comprehend potential effects of nutrient enrichment on portion of DOC biodegradability (%BDOC), we conducted an extensive investigation on 26 urban lakes in a major metropolitan area in subtropical China in a small gradient of trophic levels from mesotrophic to light and middle eutrophic. In addition to field measurements on lake ambient conditions and laboratory analysis of DOC characteristics, we conducted a 28-day temperature-controlled incubation experiment, in which %BDOC of lake waters was determined. In the mesotrophic waters, %BDOC ranged from 0.6 to 41.4 % (11.2 ± 8.9 %). The %BDOC levels spanned from 5.2 to 20.2 % (10.7 ± 4.0 %) in the light eutrophic waters, and the %BDOC ranged from 2.7 to 35.0 % (13.7 ± 8.4 %) in the middle eutrophic waters. We found a significant change in DOC chemical composition across the study lakes characterized by shifting of trophic levels. Although the experiment found significant changes in the factors that can influence %BDOC, a significant difference was not observed in %BDOC among the three trophic levels. The %BDOC was primarily influenced by the inherent DOC concentration and aromaticity, with eutrophication leading to the varied driving factors of %BDOC in lake systems. We show that most of the lake water DOC was stable. The findings indicate the intricate interplay between biological metabolism and nutrient availability governing %BDOC dynamics in urban lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Tian
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhengtong Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Ruoxi Yang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Maofei Ni
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Y Jun Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Danni Yuan
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Siyue Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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16
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Shi G, Hou R, Li T, Fu Q, Chen Q, Xue P, Yang X. Effects of biochar on the transformation and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer in the black soil region of Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176218. [PMID: 39270856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is often used in production practice to effectively maintain crop productivity; however, low nitrogen use efficiency (Nue) has always been a problem. Specifically, the transformation and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer by biochar and the driving mechanisms remain unclear. We used four biochar application rates (0, 3750, 7500, and 11,250 kg·ha-1) and analyzed the effects of biochar on nitrogen fertilizer utilization, residue, and loss over three years using 15N isotope tracer technology. The results showed that (1) biochar improved the nitrogen use efficiency of maize plants, reduced total nitrogen loss, and increased the maize yield. Compared to the control treatment in the same year, the application of 7500 kg·ha-1 biochar increased the nitrogen use efficiency by 24.27 %, 27.77 %, and 35.82 %, and the yield increased by 21.1 %, 26.7 %, and 24.5 %, respectively. (2) Biochar increased the proportion of mineral nitrogen supplied by fertilizer in the mineral nitrogen pool. The application of 7500 kg·ha-1 biochar increased mineral nitrogen by 3.05 %, 3.22 %, and 3.8 %, respectively, compared to the control treatments in the same year. Biochar promoted the transformation of nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer to three different soil nitrogen pools, especially the organic nitrogen pool. (3) Biochar significantly improved the soil bacterial community and increased the abundances of N transformation functional genes. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the gdhA mineralization gene was the driving factor of nitrogen fertilizer transformation, contributing 43.6 % of the variance. In summary, the application of 7500 kg·ha-1 of biochar for two consecutive years was conducive to maintaining farmland soil fertility, while its use would not be recommended for more than three consecutive years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Shi
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Renjie Hou
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Tianxiao Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Ping Xue
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Xuechen Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
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17
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Puig-Gironès R, Bel G, Cid N, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Fernández-Calero JM, Quevedo-Ortiz G, Fortuño P, Vinyoles D, Real J, Pujol-Buxó E, Bonada N. Water availability and biological interactions shape amphibian abundance and diversity in Mediterranean temporary rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:175917. [PMID: 39218102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Amphibians, the most threatened vertebrates globally, face risks due to climate change, habitat loss, and fragmentation. Their sensitivity to environmental changes highlights their importance as ecological indicators. Temporary rivers, influenced by geological, climatic, and anthropogenic factors, play a critical role in shaping biodiversity and community structure. Some species of amphibians may be adapted to these temporary waters, a fact reflected in their life cycles and various biological traits. However, to develop effective conservation strategies for amphibians, it is essential to address the knowledge gaps surrounding the complex interactions between biological dynamics and fluvial habitat conditions. In this study, we investigated how trophic interactions between amphibians and other aquatic organisms (diatoms, macroinvertebrates, and fish), coupled with environmental factors (water availability and riparian structure), can affect amphibian abundance and diversity in temporary rivers. The study was conducted in a Mediterranean river network located in Sant Llorenç del Munt i l'Obac Natural Park (Catalonia, Spain). Our expectations were that habitats suitable for egg deposition, lacking predators (e.g. tadpole-predators and fish), and abundant in food sources would likely support higher amphibian abundance and diversity. However, water availability was identified as a crucial factor shaping abundance and diversity in the studied amphibian communities, even if it correlated with fish presence, and especially impacting amphibian species usually linked to permanent water bodies. Concerning biotic interactions, while our results suggested that amphibian populations in temporary rivers are more dependent on top-down than bottom-up interactions, the presence of aquatic predators was not as conclusive as expected, suggesting that in temporary rivers the fish-avoiding amphibian species can survive using microhabitats or breeding opportunities linked to natural river dynamics. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of considering multi-trophic interactions, hydroperiod and habitat heterogeneity in temporary river ecosystems for effective amphibian conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Puig-Gironès
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació (EBC-UB), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals & Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Gemma Bel
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació (EBC-UB), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals & Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Cid
- IRTA Marine and Continental Waters Programme, Ctra de Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Catalonia, Spain; Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM-Lab), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals & Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles
- Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM-Lab), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals & Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/de Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Fernández-Calero
- Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM-Lab), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals & Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quevedo-Ortiz
- Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM-Lab), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals & Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Fortuño
- Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM-Lab), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals & Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Vinyoles
- Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM-Lab), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals & Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Real
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació (EBC-UB), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals & Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Núria Bonada
- Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM-Lab), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals & Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Would JA, Rühland KM, Simmatis B, Evans MS, Meyer-Jacob C, Smol JP. Trends in sedimentary Cladocera and metal(loid)s from Williams Lake (Washington, USA) track ∼125 years of trans-boundary contamination from smelter emissions in the upper Columbia River valley. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:175816. [PMID: 39197766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The lead‑zinc smelter at Trail (British Columbia, Canada) has operated continuously for ∼125 years, with long-standing concerns that transboundary metal(loid) and sulphur emissions have contaminated water bodies in both western Canada and Washington (WA), USA. To assess aquatic ecosystems affected by over a century of industrial contamination requires an understanding of pre-smelting conditions. Here, we use a dated sediment core from Williams Lake (WA), downwind of both the Trail and the short-lived LeRoi (Northport, WA) smelters, to track regional contaminant history and other environmental stressors. Specifically, we examine a selection of chemical elements, cladoceran assemblages, visible range spectroscopy-inferred chlorophyll a (VRS-Chl a) and visible near-infrared spectroscopy-inferred lake-water total organic carbon (VNIRS-TOC). Sedimentary proxies recorded the onset of smelting in 1896 CE, peak periods of aerial emissions in the early to mid-20th century, and the history of emission controls. With a few exceptions, sedimentary metal(loid)s exceeded Canadian Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines during the height of the smelting era and have declined substantially since ca. 2000 CE. The loss of metal-sensitive Cladocera and declines in primary production (VRS-Chl a) at the onset of the regional smelting era indicate a strong biological response to airborne industrial contamination. The largest cladoceran change in the sediment record was concurrent with accelerated mitigation efforts at the Trail facilities following the 1960s; however, this compositional shift was between ecologically similar daphniid taxa. Steep declines in VNIRS-TOC concentrations during the period of peak emissions at Trail suggested an increase in sulphur deposition on the landscape that reduced terrestrial carbon supply. However, the persistence of calcium-sensitive daphniids throughout the record indicates that alkaline Williams Lake had not acidified. Current cladoceran assemblages remain substantially distinct from pre-industrial communities, demonstrating how paleoecotoxicological approaches can be used to track the effects of multiple stressors in a temporally appropriate context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Would
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL), Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Kathleen M Rühland
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL), Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Brigitte Simmatis
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL), Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Marlene S Evans
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.
| | - Carsten Meyer-Jacob
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL), Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - John P Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL), Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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19
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Wei S, Zhu Z, Wang S. Spatio-temporal dynamics of net primary productivity and the economic value of Spartina alterniflora in the coastal regions of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176099. [PMID: 39260496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
This study employs an improved Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model to calculate the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of Spartina alterniflora (SA) and various other land use/land cover types (LULC) across coastal China over multiple years. The research aims to provide significant theoretical and practical insights into carbon sink research in coastal zones, sustainable development, and resource management. Key findings include identifying the first εmax value of 2.219 g C/MJ for SA, addressing a critical data gap in CASA modeling research on invasive plants. SA's NPP exhibited higher values in Shanghai and Zhejiang due to factors such as genetic diversity, invasion duration, and tidal dynamics. In contrast, other LULC exhibited higher NPP values in southern and inland regions, characterized by greater vegetation cover and favorable growing conditions. In 2020, SA and other LULC sequestered 16.352 kt C and 0.821*106 kt C, respectively. From 2000 to 2020, the average annual NPP and total carbon storage of SA and other LULC increased significantly, primarily driven by Shanghai and deciduous needleleaf forests, respectively. Seasonal NPP trends followed summer> spring> autumn> winter, influenced by climate conditions and plant life activities. Economic assessments in 2020 estimated SA's carbon storage value at RMB0.409 billion (Market Value method) or RMB5.562 billion (Carbon Tax method), with RMB2.054 billion attributed to oxygen release values, underscoring its economic and ecological potential. Among other LULC, evergreen broadleaf forests showed the highest carbon storage value (RMB183.463 billion). The study emphasizes the critical role of all LULC in carbon storage and oxygen release, advocating for targeted conservation and land management strategies. It suggests that managing SA should balance stringent control in high-risk areas, lenient measures in low-risk areas, eradication of scattered populations, and maximizing ecological benefits in retention areas, with continuous monitoring and adaptive management strategies to balance conservation and development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zihao Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Shoubing Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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20
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de Toledo MB, Baulch HM. A landscape limnology approach to assessing controls on soluble reactive phosphorus in sediment porewater and internal loading risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176012. [PMID: 39236817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Sediment nutrients can be mobilized to overlying water via internal loading, which can be important to aquatic productivity. Using data from 143 Canadian lakes, we show high (~2400-fold) variation of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in surficial sediment porewater, with results suggesting internal phosphorus loading (IPL) is also likely to vary widely. Consistent with past work at smaller scales, we show that lake depth, pH, trophic status, and bulk sediment Al:P and Fe:P influence porewater SRP, and IPL. Median porewater SRP concentration in lakes with high Al:P (molar ratios >10) were 4.8-fold smaller than in lakes with lower Al:P. In lakes where bulk sedimentary Fe:P molar ratios were >10 porewater SRP was 3.9-fold lower than in lakes with lower Fe:P. High pH (>7.8), along with hyper-eutrophic lakes were associated with higher porewater SRP. Finally, shallow lakes (<4 m depth) had median porewater SRP concentration 6-fold higher than deep lakes (>9 m depth). Important regional differences emerged, linked to regional variation in pH, soils, lake depth and trophic status, and paralleling areas of poor water quality. For example, median porewater SRP in lakes from the Boreal Plains and Prairies ecozones (dominated by Chernozems/Mollisols) was 64-fold and 44-fold higher than in the Boreal Shield (dominated by Podzols/Spodosols) (respectively), although we note that IPL risk is likely important across many ecozones. Using national data, we found in-lake measurements (particularly pH, and salinity) showed strong capacity in predicting porewater SRP (explaining 60-72 % of the variance in the data). Importantly, watershed predictors showed good predictive power, explaining ~50 % of variance in porewater SRP using variables including soil types, and % agriculture. Porewater SRP can be predicted with reasonable accuracy using easily measured variables, as can estimates of internal phosphorus loading, suggesting that landscape limnology holds strong potential in helping to inform lake management by informing understanding of in-lake nutrient sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro B de Toledo
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.
| | - Helen M Baulch
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.
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21
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Lochin P, Malherbe P, Marteau B, Godfroy J, Gerle F, Marshall J, Puijalon S, Singer MB, Stella JC, Piégay H, Vernay A. The ant and the grasshopper: Contrasting responses and behaviors to water stress of riparian trees along a hydroclimatic gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175916. [PMID: 39226962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Riparian trees are particularly vulnerable to drought because they are highly dependent on water availability for their survival. However, the response of riparian tree species to water stress varies depending on regional hydroclimatic conditions, making them unevenly vulnerable to changing drought patterns. Understanding this spatial variability in stress responses requires a comprehensive assessment of water stress across broader spatial and temporal scales. Yet, the precise ecophysiological mechanisms underlying these responses remain poorly linked to remotely sensed indices. To address this gap, the implementation of remote sensing methods coupled with in situ validation is essential to obtain consistent results across diverse spatial and temporal contexts. We conducted a multi-tool analysis combining multispectral and thermal remote sensing indices with in situ ecophysiological measurements at different temporal scales to analyze the responses of white poplar (Populus alba) to seasonal changes in drought along a hydroclimatic gradient. Using this approach, we demonstrate that white poplars along the Rhône River (France) exhibit contrasting responses and behaviors during drought depending on the latitudinal context. White poplars in a Mediterranean climate show rapid stomatal closure to reduce water loss and maintain high minimum water potential levels, although this results in a decrease in remotely sensed greenness. Conversely, white poplars located upstream in a temperate climate show high transpiration and stable greenness but lower minimum water potential and water content. A site in the middle of the gradient has intermediate responses. These results demonstrate that white poplars along a climate gradient can have a range of responses to drought along the iso/anisohydricity continuum. These results are important for future climatic conditions because they show that the same species can have different mechanisms of drought resilience, even in the same river valley. This raises questions regarding how these riparian tree populations will respond to future climatic and hydrological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lochin
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville société, CNRS, Lyon, France.
| | - Pauline Malherbe
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville société, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Baptiste Marteau
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville société, CNRS, Lyon, France; LETG UMR 6554, Université Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Godfroy
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville société, CNRS, Lyon, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, F-38402 St-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Flavie Gerle
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LEHNA UMR 5023, CNRS, ENTPE, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - John Marshall
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Department of Geological Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Puijalon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LEHNA UMR 5023, CNRS, ENTPE, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michael Bliss Singer
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Water Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - John C Stella
- Department of Sustainable Resources Management, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Hervé Piégay
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville société, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Vernay
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LEHNA UMR 5023, CNRS, ENTPE, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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22
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Holland MM, Atkinson A, Best M, Bresnan E, Devlin M, Goberville E, Hélaouët P, Machairopoulou M, Faith M, Thompson MSA, McQuatters-Gollop A. Predictors of long-term variability in NE Atlantic plankton communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175793. [PMID: 39191329 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures such as climate change and nutrient pollution are causing rapid changes in the marine environment. The relative influence of drivers of change on the plankton community remains uncertain, and this uncertainty is limiting our understanding of sustainable levels of human pressures. Plankton are the primary energy resource in marine food webs and respond rapidly to environmental changes, representing useful indicators of shifts in ecosystem structure and function. Categorising plankton into broad groups with similar characteristics, known as "lifeforms", can be useful for understanding ecological patterns related to environmental change and for assessing the state of pelagic habitats in accordance with the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the OSPAR Commission, which mandates protection of the North-East Atlantic. We analysed 29 years of Continuous Plankton Recorder data (1993-2021) from the North-East Atlantic to examine how trends in plankton lifeform abundance changed in relation to one another and across gradients of environmental change associated with human pressures. Random forest models predicted between 57 % and 80 % of the variability in lifeform abundance, based on data not used to train the models. Observed variability was mainly explained by trends in other lifeforms, with mainly positively correlated trends, indicating bottom-up control and/or shared responses to environmental variability were prevalent. Longitude, bathymetry, mixed layer depth, the nitrogen-to‑phosphorus ratio, and temperature were also significant predictors. However, contrasting influences of environmental drivers were detected. For example, small copepod abundance increased in warmer conditions whereas meroplankton, large copepods and fish larvae either decreased or were unchanged. Our findings highlight recent changes in stratification, reflected by variation in mixed layer depth, and imbalanced nutrient ratios are affecting multiple lifeforms, impacting the North-East Atlantic plankton community. To achieve environmental improvements in North-East Atlantic pelagic habitats, it is crucial that we continue to address climate change and reduce nutrient pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Holland
- Marine Conservation Research Group, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Angus Atkinson
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Mike Best
- Environment Agency, Quay House, Floor 6, 2 East Station Road, Fletton Quays, Peterborough PE2 8YY, UK
| | - Eileen Bresnan
- Marine Directorate of the Scottish Government, 375 Victoria Road, AB11 9DB Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Michelle Devlin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Eric Goberville
- Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Hélaouët
- The Marine Biological Association (MBA), The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Margarita Machairopoulou
- Marine Directorate of the Scottish Government, 375 Victoria Road, AB11 9DB Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew Faith
- Marine Conservation Research Group, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Murray S A Thompson
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
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23
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Novita N, Asyhari A, Ritonga RP, Gangga A, Anshari GZ, Jupesta J, Bowen JC, Lestari NS, Kauffman JB, Hoyt AM, Perryman CR, Albar I, Putra CAS, Adinugroho WC, Winarno B, Castro M, Yeo S, Budiarna T, Yuono E, Sianipar VC. Strong climate mitigation potential of rewetting oil palm plantations on tropical peatlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175829. [PMID: 39197784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
For decades, tropical peatlands in Indonesia have been deforested and converted to other land uses, mainly oil palm plantations which now cover one-fourth of the degraded peatland area. Given that the capacity for peatland ecosystems to store carbon depends largely on hydrology, there is a growing interest in rewetting degraded peatlands to shift them back to a carbon sink. Recent estimates suggest that peatland rewetting may contribute up to 13 % of Indonesia's total mitigation potential from natural climate solutions. In this study, we measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes, soil temperature, and water table level (WTL) for drained oil palm plantations, rewetted oil palm plantations, and secondary forests located in the Mempawah and Kubu Raya Regencies of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. We found that peatland rewetting significantly reduced peat CO2 emissions, though CH4 uptake was not significantly different in rewetted peatland compared to drained peatland. Rewetting drained peatlands on oil palm plantations reduced heterotrophic respiration by 34 % and total respiration by 20 %. Our results suggest that rewetting drained oil palm plantations will not achieve low CO2 emissions as observed in secondary forests due to differences in vegetation or land management. However, extrapolating our results to the areas of degraded oil palm plantations in West Kalimantan suggests that successful peatland rewetting could still reduce emissions by 3.9 MtCO2 yr-1. This result confirms that rewetting oil palm plantations in tropical peatlands is an effective natural climate solution for achieving national emission reduction targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Novita
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Graha Iskandarsyah Lt. 3, Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No. 66C, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia.
| | - Adibtya Asyhari
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Graha Iskandarsyah Lt. 3, Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No. 66C, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia
| | - Rasis P Ritonga
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Graha Iskandarsyah Lt. 3, Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No. 66C, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia
| | - Adi Gangga
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Graha Iskandarsyah Lt. 3, Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No. 66C, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia
| | - Gusti Z Anshari
- Universitas Tanjungpura, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Bansir Laut, Pontianak 78124, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia
| | - Joni Jupesta
- United Nations University, Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan; Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences (CTSS), IPB University, Kampus IPB Baranangsiang, Jl. Raya Pajajaran No.27, Bogor 16127, Indonesia
| | - Jennifer C Bowen
- Stanford University, Department of Earth System Science, 367 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Nurul Silva Lestari
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - J Boone Kauffman
- Oregon State University, Nash Hall, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Alison M Hoyt
- Stanford University, Department of Earth System Science, 367 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Clarice R Perryman
- Stanford University, Department of Earth System Science, 367 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Israr Albar
- Indonesia Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Blok VII Lt 13, Jl. Gatot Subroto, Jakarta 10270, Indonesia
| | - Chandra Agung Septiadi Putra
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Graha Iskandarsyah Lt. 3, Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No. 66C, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Catur Adinugroho
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Bondan Winarno
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Miguel Castro
- The Nature Conservancy, 4245 Fairfax Dr #100, Arlington, VA 22203, United States
| | - Samantha Yeo
- The Nature Conservancy, 4245 Fairfax Dr #100, Arlington, VA 22203, United States
| | - Tryan Budiarna
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Graha Iskandarsyah Lt. 3, Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No. 66C, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia
| | - Eko Yuono
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Graha Iskandarsyah Lt. 3, Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No. 66C, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia
| | - Velyn C Sianipar
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Graha Iskandarsyah Lt. 3, Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No. 66C, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia
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24
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Lin Y, Xie T, Li S, Li X, Liu W. Amplified photosynthetic responses to drought events offset the positive effects of warming on arid desert plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175899. [PMID: 39222813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing warming will influence plant photosynthesis via thermal effects and by enhancing water deficit. As the primary limiting factor for the growth and development of plants in arid deserts, water may alter the potential warming effects on plant photosynthesis and lead to increased uncertainty in plant dynamics. Here, we used open-top chambers (OTCs) to evaluate the impacts of in situ warming (+0.5 and +1.5 °C) on the photosynthesis and growth of two representative desert plants, Artemisia ordosica and Grubovia dasyphylla, from wet to dry spells. The plant traits associated with photosynthetic diffusive and biochemical processes were also measured to explore the underlying mechanisms involved. We found that warming significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate (Anet) during wet spells under 1.5 °C warming in both plants, while only increased that of A. ordosica under 0.5 °C warming. During dry spells, Anet decreased both in A. ordosica and G. dasyphylla, with the rates of declining being 48 % and 41 %, respectively, higher than control under warming. Consequently, warming significantly amplified photosynthetic responses to drought events, which offset the positive warming effects during wet spells and led to unchanged plant biomass in both species. Besides, alterations in plant traits tended to be associated with positive warming effects during wet spells, and the negative effects of drought were mainly due to stomatal limitation. Our results emphasised that the potential benefits of warming during wet spells may be reversed during drought events. Thus, the adverse effects of ongoing warming on desert productivity may increase during dry spells in growing seasons and during dry years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Lin
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuanglang Li
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Abel S, Naumann C. Evolution of phosphate scouting in the terrestrial biosphere. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230355. [PMID: 39343020 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemistry assigns phosphorus and its most oxidized form, inorganic phosphate, unique roles for propelling bioenergetics and metabolism in all domains of life, possibly since its very origin on prebiotic Earth. For plants, access to the vital mineral nutrient profoundly affects growth, development and vigour, thus constraining net primary productivity in natural ecosystems and crop production in modern agriculture. Unlike other major biogenic elements, the low abundance and uneven distribution of phosphate in Earth's crust result from the peculiarities of phosphorus cosmochemistry and geochemistry. Here, we trace the chemical evolution of the element, the geochemical phosphorus cycle and its acceleration during Earth's history until the present (Anthropocene) as well as during the evolution and rise of terrestrial plants. We highlight the chemical and biological processes of phosphate mobilization and acquisition, first evolved in bacteria, refined in fungi and algae and expanded into powerful phosphate-prospecting strategies during land plant colonization. Furthermore, we review the evolution of the genetic and molecular networks from bacteria to terrestrial plants, which monitor intracellular and extracellular phosphate availabilities and coordinate the appropriate responses and adjustments to fluctuating phosphate supply. Lastly, we discuss the modern global phosphorus cycle deranged by human activity and the challenges imposed ahead. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution and diversity of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Halle 06120, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle 06120, Germany
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis , Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christin Naumann
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Halle 06120, Germany
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26
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Hesse BD, Hikino K, Gebhardt T, Buchhart C, Dervishi V, Goisser M, Pretzsch H, Häberle KH, Grams TEE. Acclimation of mature spruce and beech to five years of repeated summer drought - The role of stomatal conductance and leaf area adjustment for water use. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175805. [PMID: 39197757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Forests globally are experiencing severe droughts, leading to significant reductions in growth, crown dieback and even tree mortality. The ability of forest ecosystems to acclimate to prolonged and repeated droughts is critical for their survival with ongoing climate change. In a five-year throughfall exclusion experiment, we investigated the long-term physiological and morphological acclimation of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] KARST.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to repeated summer drought at the leaf, shoot and whole tree level. Throughout the drought period, spruce reduced their total water use by 70 % to only 4-9 L per day and tree, while beech was less affected with about 30 % reduction of water use. During the first two summers, spruce achieved this by closing their stomata by up to 80 %. Additionally, from the second drought summer onwards, spruce produced shorter shoots and needles, resulting in a stepwise reduction of total leaf area of over 50 % by the end of the experiment. Surprisingly, no premature leaf loss was observed. This reduction in leaf area allowed a gradual increase in stomatal conductance. After the five-year drought experiment, water consumption per leaf area was the same as in the controls, while the total water consumption of spruce was still reduced. In contrast, beech showed no significant reduction in whole-tree leaf area, but nevertheless reduced water use by up to 50 % by stomatal closure. If the restriction of transpiration by stomatal closure is sufficient to ensure survival of Norway spruce during the first drought summers, then the slow but steady reduction in leaf area will ensure successful acclimation of water use, leading to reduced physiological drought stress and long-term survival. Neighboring beech appeared to benefit from the water-saving strategy of spruce by using the excess water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Hesse
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Ecophysiology of Plants, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Botany, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kyohsuke Hikino
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Ecophysiology of Plants, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Timo Gebhardt
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Ecophysiology of Plants, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Forest and Agroforest Systems, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Claudia Buchhart
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Chair of Restoration Ecology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 6, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Vjosa Dervishi
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Ecophysiology of Plants, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Goisser
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Ecophysiology of Plants, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Häberle
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Chair of Restoration Ecology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 6, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thorsten E E Grams
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Ecophysiology of Plants, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Lee SJ, Lee AR, Byeon JG, Oh SH. Pre-drought effects on northern temperate trees and vine invasion in forest gaps hindering regeneration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175707. [PMID: 39179041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Northern temperate coniferous forests serve as crucial connectors between boreal and temperate forests, yet they are vulnerable to various stressors such as climate change and human activities. Severe drought poses a significant threat to plant species within these forests, prompting recent research into its impacts. However, many studies lack explicit definitions of post-disturbance vegetation processes and fail to identify potential interactions with disturbance factors, necessitating comprehensive discussions. This study examines the effects of drought on tree growth patterns of the main dominant species in northern temperate regions: Abies nephrolepis and Picea jezoensis, along with two commonly associated Betula ermanii, and Quercus mongolica. Additionally, new disturbance factors in forests inhabited by these species (A. nephrolepis and P. jezoensis) were evaluated based on community classification. The study sites were located in the Mt. Baekdu (Changbai) and South Korea regions, which are positioned at the southern limit of the phytogeographical patterns of target species. Results indicate that A. nephrolepis and P. jezoensis exhibit high levels of recovery and resilience, while B. ermanii and Q. mongolica demonstrate high resistance. Species-specific responses align with drought intensity, with resistance, recovery, and resilience decreasing notably with increasing pre-drought radial growth. South Korean forests, the invasion of the vine species Tripterygium regelii after the death of A. nephrolepis in the overstory vegetation threatens the regeneration of new trees. However, certain environmental factors, such as high rock exposure and dense overstory canopy, limit vine invasion. Based on the results, pre-drought radial growth emerges as a key determinant in how trees respond to drought. Additionally, the results suggest the potential for new disturbances to emerge in forest gaps due to overstory vegetation mortality induced by global warming. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of increasing drought stress, aid in identifying climate refugia, and inform conservation priorities based on habitat characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Forestry, The Graduate School of Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Rim Lee
- Department of Forestry, The Graduate School of Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gi Byeon
- Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Korea Arboreta and Gardens Institute, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Oh
- School of Forest Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Li X, Markkanen T, Korkiakoski M, Lohila A, Leppänen A, Aalto T, Peltoniemi M, Mäkipää R, Kleinen T, Raivonen M. Modelling alternative harvest effects on soil CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes from peatland forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175257. [PMID: 39122029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the last century, many peatlands in northern Europe have been drained for forestry. Forest management with different harvesting regimes has a significant impact on soil water status and consequently on greenhouse gas emissions from peat soils. In this paper, we have used the process-based JSBACH-HIMMELI model to simulate the effects of alternative harvesting regimes, namely non-harvested (NH), selection harvesting (SH; 70 % of stem volume harvested) and clear-cutting (CC; 100 % of stem volume harvested), on soil CH4 and CO2 fluxes in peatland forests. We modified the model to account for the specific characteristics of peatland forests, where the water level (WL) is generally low and is regulated by the amount of aboveground vegetation through evapotranspiration. Multi-year measurements before and after the forest harvesting in a nutrient-rich peatland forest in southern Finland were used to constrain the model. The results showed that the modified model was able to reproduce the seasonal dynamics of water level, soil CH4 and soil CO2 fluxes under alternative harvesting regimes with reasonable accuracy. The averaged Pearson's r (Pearson correlation coefficient) and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) between the model and the measurement were 0.75 and 7.3 cm for WL, 0.75 and 0.23 nmol m-2 s-1 for soil CH4 flux, 0.73 and 0. 88 μmol m-2 s-1 for soil CO2 flux. The modified model successfully reproduced soil CH4 uptake at both NH and SH sites and soil CH4 emission at the CC site, as observed in the measurements. Our study showed that increasing harvesting intensity (NH → SH → CC) in the model increased soil CH4 emission and decreased soil CO2 emission on an annual basis, but the magnitude of the decreased soil CO2 emission was much larger than that of the increased soil CH4 emission when comparing their global warming potentials. Therefore, in the short term as in our study (first three years after the harvest), the climate impacts of the soil GHG was reduced more in CC than in SH, which yet can be fundamentally different when considering in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tiina Markkanen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Korkiakoski
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Leppänen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Raisa Mäkipää
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Kleinen
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr.53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maarit Raivonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Zhu Y, Jiang S, Ren L, Guo J, Zhong F, Du S, Cui H, He M, Duan Z. Three-dimensional ecological drought identification and evaluation method considering eco-physiological status of terrestrial ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175423. [PMID: 39134267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Ecological drought is a complex process in terrestrial ecosystems where vegetation's eco-physiological functions are impaired due to water stress. However, there is currently a lack of long-term assessment of ecological drought from an eco-physiological perspective. In this study, the standardized ecological drought index (SESNDI) was developed using actual evaporation, root soil moisture, and kernel normalized difference vegetation index via the Euclidean distance method, reflecting ecosystem physiology, water supply capacity, and vegetation status. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence validated SESNDI by reflecting vegetation photosynthesis. Using China as an example, severely impacted by climate change and ecological restoration, ecological drought's spatio-temporal variation and propagation characteristics was evaluated using clustering algorithms. The results demonstrated that (1) SESNDI showed superior performance over several other drought indices. (2) During 1982-2020, ecological drought was prevalent from 1990 to 2010, especially in the central and northeastern regions. (3) Compared to 1982-2000, the median duration and affected area of ecological drought events during 2001-2020 reduced by four months and 1.51 × 105 km2, respectively, while the median intensity increased by 0.06. (4) Decreased precipitation and increased temperature were the primary factors contributing to the frequent occurrence of ecological drought in China from 1990 to 2010. This study offers a crucial methodology for evaluating ecological drought, serving as a reference for developing effective terrestrial restoration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Zhu
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shanhu Jiang
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Liliang Ren
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Cooperative Innovation Center for Water Safety and Hydro-Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jianying Guo
- Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Feng Zhong
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shuping Du
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hao Cui
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Miao He
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zheng Duan
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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30
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Peterse IF, Hendriks L, Weideveld STJ, Smolders AJP, Lamers LPM, Lücker S, Veraart AJ. Wastewater-effluent discharge and incomplete denitrification drive riverine CO 2, CH 4 and N 2O emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175797. [PMID: 39197791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Rivers are well-known sources of the greenhouse gasses (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). These emissions from rivers can increase because of anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural fertilizer input or the discharge of treated wastewater, as these often contain elevated nutrient concentrations. Yet, the specific effects of wastewater effluent discharge on river GHG emissions remain poorly understood. Here, we studied two lowland rivers which both receive municipal wastewater effluent: river Linge and river Kromme Rijn. Dissolved concentrations and fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2 were measured upstream, downstream and at discharge locations, alongside water column properties and sediment composition. Microbial communities in the sediment and water column were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In general, observed GHG emissions from Linge and Kromme Rijn were comparable to eutrophic rivers in urban and agricultural environments. CO2 emissions peaked at most discharge locations, likely resulting from dissolved CO2 present in the effluent. CH4 emission was highest 2 km downstream, suggesting biological production by methanogenic activity stimulated by the effluents' carbon and nutrient supply. Dissolved N2O concentrations were strongly related to NO3- content of the water column which points towards incomplete riverine denitrification. Notably, methanogenic archaea were more abundant downstream of effluent discharge locations. However, overall microbial community composition remained relatively unaffected in both rivers. In conclusion, we demonstrate a clear link between wastewater effluent discharge and enhanced downstream GHG emission of two rivers. Mitigating the impact of wastewater effluent on receiving rivers will be crucial to reduce riverine GHG contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida F Peterse
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Hendriks
- Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan T J Weideveld
- Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alfons J P Smolders
- Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University, P.O. Box 6558, 6503 GB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leon P M Lamers
- Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University, P.O. Box 6558, 6503 GB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Lücker
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Annelies J Veraart
- Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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31
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Carpenter S, Stamoulis KA, Mateos-Molina D, Pittman SJ, Antonopoulou M, Das HS, Evans C. Interconnectivity can be as important as habitat type in explaining carbon stocks in the coastal lagoons of arid regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175504. [PMID: 39147060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Coastal blue carbon ecosystems, typically comprising interconnected habitat mosaics, are globally important pathways of carbon sequestration and play a significant role in climate change regulation and mitigation. Current coastal management strategies often rely on simplified regional carbon stock estimates, that overlook the geographical variability and intricate ecological dynamics within these ecosystems. This study adopts a seascape ecology approach to evaluate the role of multiple seascape characteristics on carbon storage in two arid region coastal lagoons. We show that seascape location is the most influential driver of carbon stocks. Additionally, carbon isotopic variability, a proxy for connectivity, can be as influential as habitat type, particularly in the UAQ lagoon. This challenges the conventional reliance on data from individual habitat types (e.g., seagrass, mangrove, or tidal marsh) and highlights the context-dependency of carbon stocks. Moreover, the specific characteristics driving carbon stocks vary between seascapes: in Khor Faridah, connectivity to seagrass and mangrove habitats is crucial, while in the UAQ lagoon, sheltered and elevated areas are more influential. Our findings suggest that the interconnectivity between different habitat types, such as mangroves and saltmarshes, significantly enhances carbon storage. This is especially pronounced in large, sheltered mangrove habitat types within upper intertidal zones. Notably, small patches of mangroves, up to 10 ha, are associated with an approximate 10 % increase in carbon stocks. These results underscore the need for a more holistic, context-specific approach to designing nature-based solutions for coastal management and ecosystem restoration. By considering the specific characteristics and connectivity of seascape mosaics, we can more effectively enhance carbon stock potential in coastal ecosystems. This study contributes to a deeper spatially explicit understanding of the complex factors influencing carbon stocks in blue carbon ecosystems, highlighting the importance of tailored management strategies that reflect the unique ecological patterns of each seascape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Carpenter
- Emirates Nature - World Wide Fund for Nature, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | - Simon J Pittman
- Oxford Seascape Ecology Lab, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Seascape Analytics Ltd, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Antonopoulou
- Emirates Nature - World Wide Fund for Nature, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Himansu S Das
- Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Claire Evans
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
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32
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Odebiri O, Archbold J, Glen J, Macreadie PI, Malerba ME. Excluding livestock access to farm dams reduces methane emissions and boosts water quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175420. [PMID: 39128522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Farm dams, also known as 'agricultural ponds', are ubiquitous features of agricultural landscapes globally. Those accessed by livestock have high methane (CH4) emissions per unit area relative to other freshwater systems. Fencing dams and installing water troughs to prevent livestock from entering the dams are promising strategies to improve water quality and substantially reduce their carbon footprints. However, previous studies only measured the effects of fencing on methane diffusive emissions without considering ebullitive fluxes (i.e., methane bubbles), which is often the dominant emission pathway in smaller water bodies. Also, data is lacking on how the benefits of fencing farm dams vary across seasons. Using Australia as a test case, this study investigates the benefit of fencing off farm dams by monitoring total CH4 (diffusion + ebullition) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in summer and winter. Fenced dams had 72 % lower CH4 emissions in summer and 92 % lower in winter than unfenced dams. Similarly, CO2-equivalent (CO2 + CH4) fluxes were lower in fenced dams by 59 % in summer and 73 % in winter. Fenced dams had higher water quality, with 51 % less total dissolved nitrogen, 57 % less phosphorous, and 23-49 % more dissolved oxygen. Average daily air temperature was a key predictor of CH4 emissions from farm dams, underscoring the importance of considering temporal dynamics for estimating yearly farm dam emissions. We confirmed that excluding livestock from entering farm dams using fences significantly mitigates CH4 emissions and enhances water quality, and these benefits are maintained seasonally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omosalewa Odebiri
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - Jake Archbold
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Joshua Glen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; Biosciences and Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Martino E Malerba
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; Biosciences and Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Vila Duplá M, Villar-Argaiz M, Medina-Sánchez JM, González-Olalla JM, Carrillo P. Constant and fluctuating high temperatures interact with Saharan dust leading to contrasting effects on aquatic microbes over time. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175777. [PMID: 39182767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Mediterranean lakes are facing heightened exposure to multiple stressors, such as intensified Saharan dust deposition, temperature increases and fluctuations linked to heatwaves. However, the combined impact of dust and water temperature on the microbial community in freshwater ecosystems remains underexplored. To assess the interactive effect of dust deposition and temperature on aquatic microbes (heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton), a combination of field mesocosm experiments covering a dust gradient (five levels, 0-320 mg L-1), and paired laboratory microcosms with increased temperature at two levels (constant and fluctuating high temperature) were conducted in a high mountain lake in the Spanish Sierra Nevada, at three points in time throughout the ice-free period. Heterotrophic bacterial production (HBP) increased with dust load regardless of the temperature regime. However, temperature regime affected the magnitude and nature of the interactive Dust×T effect on HBP. Specifically, constant and fluctuating high temperature showed opposing interactive effects in the short term that became additive over time. The relationships between HBP and predictor variables (soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), excreted organic carbon (EOC), and heterotrophic bacterial abundance (HBA)), coupled with an evaluation of the mechanistic variable photosynthetic carbon use efficiency by bacteria (%CUEb), revealed that bacteria depended on primary production in nearly all treatments when dust was added. The %CUEb increased with dust load in the control temperature treatment, but it was highest at intermediate dust loads under both constant and fluctuating high temperatures. Overall, our results suggest that while dust addition alone strengthens algae-bacteria coupling, high temperatures lead to decoupling in the long term at intermediate dust loads, potentially impacting ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vila Duplá
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, c/ Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada Spain; Department of Ecology, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada Spain.
| | - Manuel Villar-Argaiz
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, c/ Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada Spain; Department of Ecology, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Medina-Sánchez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, c/ Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada Spain; Department of Ecology, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada Spain
| | | | - Presentación Carrillo
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, c/ Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada Spain
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Hermesdorf L, Mortensen LH, Blitz SB, Jepsen MS, Westergaard-Nielsen A, Michelsen A, Blok D, Sigsgaard C, Christiansen CT, Hansen BU, Elberling B. Changes in soil and plant carbon pools after 9 years of experimental summer warming and increased snow depth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175648. [PMID: 39168340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Climate change can have positive and negative effects on the carbon pools and budgets in soil and plant fractions, but net effects are unclear and expected to vary widely within the arctic. We report responses after nine years (2012-2021) of increased snow depth (snow fences) and summer warming (open top chambers) and the combination on soil and plant carbon pools within a tundra ecosystem in West Greenland. Data included characteristics of depth-specific soil samples, including the rhizosphere soil, as well as vegetation responses of NDVI-derived traits, plant species cover and aboveground biomass, litter and roots. Furthermore, natural vegetation growth through the study period was quantified based on time-integrated NDVI Landsat 8 satellite imagery. Our results showed that summer warming resulted in a significant and positive vegetation response driven by the deciduous low shrub Betula nana (no other vascular plant species), while snow addition alone resulted in a significant negative response for Betula. A significant positive effect of summer warming was also observed for moss biomass, possibly driven increasing shade by Betula. The aboveground effects cascaded to belowground traits. The rhizosphere soil characteristics differed from those of the bulk soil regardless of treatment. Only the rhizosphere fraction showed responses to treatment, as soil organic C stock increased in near-surface and top 20 cm with summer warming. We observed no belowground effects from snow addition. The study highlights the plant species response to treatment followed by impacts on belowground C pools, mainly driven by dead fine roots via Betula nana. We conclude that the summer warming treatment and snow addition treatment separately showed opposing effects on ecosystem C pools, with lack of interactive effects between main factors in the combination treatment. Furthermore, changes in soil C are more clearly observed in the rhizosphere soil fraction, which should receive more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hermesdorf
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Louise H Mortensen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sophia B Blitz
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malte S Jepsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Westergaard-Nielsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daan Blok
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Den Haag, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Sigsgaard
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper T Christiansen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Ulf Hansen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Foreman AD, Duprey NN, Yuval M, Dumestre M, Leichliter JN, Rohr MC, Dodwell RCA, Dodwell GAS, Clua EEG, Treibitz T, Martínez-García A. Severe cold-water bleaching of a deep-water reef underscores future challenges for Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175210. [PMID: 39098414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Elevated sea surface temperatures are causing an increase in coral bleaching events worldwide, and represent an existential threat to coral reefs. Early studies of Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) highlighted their potential as thermal refuges for shallow-water coral species in the face of predicted 21st century warming. However, recent genetic evidence implies that limited ecological connectivity between shallow- and deep-water coral communities inhibits their effectiveness as refugia; instead MCEs host distinct endemic communities that are ecologically significant in and of themselves. In either scenario, understanding the response of MCEs to climate change is critical given their ecological significance and widespread global distribution. Such an understanding has so far eluded the community, however, because of the challenges associated with long-term field monitoring, the stochastic nature of climatic events that drive bleaching, and the paucity of deep-water observations. Here we document the first observed cold-water bleaching of a mesophotic coral reef at Clipperton Atoll, a remote Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) atoll with high coral cover and a well-developed MCE. The severe bleaching (>70 % partially or fully bleached coral cover at 32 m depth) was driven by an anomalously shallow thermocline, and highlights a significant and previously unreported challenge for MCEs. Prompted by these observations, we compiled published cold-water bleaching events for the ETP, and demonstrate that the timing of past cold-water bleaching events in the ETP coincides with decadal oscillations in mean zonal wind strength and thermocline depth. The latter observation suggests any future intensification of easterly winds in the Pacific could be a significant concern for its MCEs. Our observations, in combination with recent reports of warm-water bleaching of Red Sea and Indian Ocean MCEs, highlight that 21st century MCEs in the Eastern Pacific face a two-pronged challenge: warm-water bleaching from above, and cold-water bleaching from below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Foreman
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nicolas N Duprey
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matan Yuval
- Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of Eilat, Eilat 8810302, Israel
| | - Marielle Dumestre
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer N Leichliter
- Emmy Noether Group for Hominin Meat Consumption, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark C Rohr
- The Rohr Foundation, 6506 Northaven Road, Dallas, TX 75230, United States
| | - Rose C A Dodwell
- The Rohr Foundation, 6506 Northaven Road, Dallas, TX 75230, United States
| | - Guy A S Dodwell
- The Rohr Foundation, 6506 Northaven Road, Dallas, TX 75230, United States
| | - Eric E G Clua
- PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE) UAR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, BP 1013, Moorea 98729, French Polynesia; Labex CORAIL, CRIOBE UAR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, Université de Perpignan, 66000 Perpignan, France
| | - Tali Treibitz
- Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Du Z, Bai H, Liu M, Liu Y, Zhu G, Chai G, He Y, Shi J, Duan Y. Response of ecological stoichiometry and homeostasis characteristic to nitrogen addition in Hippophae rhamnoides L. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175591. [PMID: 39173774 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) in the atmosphere frequently affects plant growth, ecological stoichiometric equilibrium, and homeostasis stability. However, the effect of N addition application on the growth of Hippophae rhamnoides seedlings remains ambiguous. We investigated the effects of N addition on the ecological stoichiometry and homeostatic characteristics of H. rhamnoides seedlings. Greenhouse cultivation experiments were conducted at five N application levels: 0 kg ha-1 yr-1(CK), 100 kg ha-1 yr-1 (N10), 200 kg ha-1 yr-1 (N20), 400 kg ha-1 yr-1 (N40), 800 kg ha-1 yr-1 (N80). The results showed that pH and available phosphorus (AP) significantly decreased with increasing N, whereas soil C:P and N:P ratios significantly increased under the N40 and N80 treatments. The leaf C:N ratio significantly decreased with increasing N, whereas the N:P ratio increased. With N addition, the C:N ratio of plant stems and roots significantly decreased, whereas the C:P and N:P ratios significantly increased. N addition was significantly correlated with the ecological stoichiometry of plant leaves and soil properties (0.38 and 0.84, respectively). Homeostasis of the organs of H. rhamnoides seedlings exhibited an absolute steady state. The C, N, and C:P ratios of the roots exhibited insensitive states under the N40 treatment. N addition significantly modified both the soil ecological stoichiometry and the stoichiometry of H. rhamnoides seedlings. However, it did not demonstrate a pronounced negative effect on the homeostasis of H. rhamnoides seedlings. This study offers new insights into the ecological adaptation process of H. rhamnoides, particularly concerning its nutrient distribution, utilization strategies, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Du
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Huihui Bai
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Northern Shaanxi Mining Area, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Mili Liu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Northern Shaanxi Mining Area, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Northern Shaanxi Mining Area, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Guodong Zhu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Northern Shaanxi Mining Area, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Guaiqiang Chai
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Northern Shaanxi Mining Area, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Yiming He
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Northern Shaanxi Mining Area, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Northern Shaanxi Mining Area, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Yizhong Duan
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Northern Shaanxi Mining Area, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China.
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Männistö E, Ylänne H, Kokkonen N, Korrensalo A, Laine AM, Yli-Pirilä P, Keinänen M, Tuittila ES. Impact of severe drought on biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions from Sphagnum mosses in boreal peatlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175738. [PMID: 39182777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and the associated increased frequency of extreme weather events are likely to alter the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from boreal peatlands. Hydrologically sensitive Sphagnum mosses are keystone species in boreal peatland ecosystems that are known to emit various BVOCs. However, it is not known how their emissions respond to seasonal droughts. In this study, we quantified the effect of severe drought, and subsequent recovery, on the BVOC emissions from Sphagnum mosses using mesocosms originating from wet open and naturally drier treed boreal fens and bogs. Here we report the emissions of 30 detected BVOCs, of which isoprene was the most abundant with an average flux rate of 5.6 μg m-2 h-1 (range 0-31.9 μg m-2 h-1). The experimental 43-day ecohydrological drought reduced total BVOC and isoprene emissions. In addition, in mesocosms originating from bogs, sesquiterpene emissions decreased with the drought, while the emissions of green leaf volatiles were induced. Sesquiterpene emissions remained low even six weeks after rewetting, indicating a long and limited recovery from the drought. Our results further imply that long-term exposure to deep water tables does not decrease sensitivity of Sphagnum to an extreme drought; we did not detect differences in the emission rates or drought responses between Sphagna originating from wet open and naturally drier treed habitats. Yet, the differences between fen and bog originating Sphagna indicate local variability in the BVOC quality changes following drought, potentially altering the climate feedback of boreal peatland BVOC emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Männistö
- Peatland and Soil Ecology Research Group, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Henni Ylänne
- Peatland and Soil Ecology Research Group, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Nicola Kokkonen
- Peatland and Soil Ecology Research Group, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Yliopistokatu 6B, 80100 Joensuu, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna M Laine
- Peatland and Soil Ecology Research Group, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- Peatland and Soil Ecology Research Group, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Yuan J, Wu F, Peng X, Wu Q, Yue K, Yuan C, An N, Peng Y. Global patterns and determinants of the initial concentrations of litter carbon components. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175844. [PMID: 39214368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Plant litter is an important carbon (C) and nutrient pool in terrestrial ecosystems. The C components in plant litter are important because they regulate plant litter decomposition rate, but little is known on the global patterns and determinants of their concentrations in freshly fallen plant litter. Here, we quantified the concentrations of leaf litter C components (i.e., carbohydrate, polyphenol, tannin, and condensed tannin) with 864 measurements from 161 independent publications. We found that (1) the mean concentrations of leaf litter carbohydrate, polyphenol, tannin and condensed tannin were 27.7, 6.08, 8.84 and 5.7 %, respectively; (2) the concentrations of leaf litter C components were affected by taxonomic division, mycorrhizal association, life form, and/or leaf shedding strategy; (3) soil property had similar impacts on the concentrations of the four C compounds, while the influence of mean annual temperature and precipitation varied; and (4) elevation had opposing effects on carbohydrate and polyphenol concentrations, but not on that of tannin and condensed tannin, and only carbohydrate concentration was strongly affected by absolute latitude. In general, our results clearly show the global patterns and drivers of the concentrations of litter C compounds, providing new insights into the role of litter decomposition in global C dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Fuzhong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qiqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chaoxiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Nannan An
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Sanming 365002, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Sanming 365002, China.
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Liu Z, Guo S, Wang T, Yan W, Baoyin T, Fry E. Phase-dependent grassland temporal stability is mediated by species and functional group asynchrony: A long-term mowing experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175445. [PMID: 39134279 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The temporal stability of grasslands plays a key role in the stable provisioning of multiple ecosystem goods and services for humankind. Despite recent progress, our knowledge on how long-term mowing influences ecosystem stability remains unclear. Using a dataset from an 18-year-long mowing experiment with different treatment intensities (no-mowing, mowing once per year, and mowing twice per year) in grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China, we aimed to determine whether and how long-term mowing influenced grassland temporal stability in a temperate steppe. We found mowing decreased ecosystem stability in the early and intermediate periods (1-12 years of treatment), but increased stability in the later period (13-18 years of treatment), indicating responses of ecosystem stability to long-term mowing were phase dependent. Bivariate correlation and structural equation modeling analyses revealed that the degree of asynchrony both at the species and functional group levels, as well as dominant species stability, played key roles in stabilizing the whole community. In addition, portfolio effects rather than diversity made significant contributions to ecosystem stability. Our results suggest the phase-dependent temporal stability of grassland under long-term mowing is mainly mediated by species and functional group asynchrony. This finding provides a new insight for understanding how dryland grassland responds to long-term anthropogenic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shuying Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wenbin Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Taogetao Baoyin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Ellen Fry
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Lancashire L39 4QP, United Kingdom
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Khatun R, Das S. Assessment of wetland ecosystem health in Rarh Region, India through P-S-R (pressure-state-response) model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175700. [PMID: 39182765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The current study attempted to assess wetland ecosystem health (EH) in the Murshidabad district's Rarh tract using the P-S-R (Pressure-State-Response) model and machine learning (ML) algorithms and validated it with a field-based validation approach as well as conventional validation approaches. To assess the ecosystem's health, 27 metrics were used to monitor the wetlands' pressure, state, and response. All of the models found that 46.1 % of wetlands in strong EH zones have transformed to 11.41 % in relatively fragile EH zones during the previous thirty years, demonstrating a progressive loss of EH quality throughout larger wetland areas. All of the applied models were deemed to be acceptable based on the results of the model validation process, however, the Random Forest (RF) model performed exceptionally well. The deterioration of EH in the wetlands happened due to the rapid expansion of settlement areas and agricultural land. So, the findings of the study deepen our knowledge about EH in the Rarh tract's wetlands, assisting decision-makers in creating sustainable wetland management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumki Khatun
- Department of Geography, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal 713340, India
| | - Somen Das
- Department of Geography, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal 713340, India.
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Chen R, Shen W, Chen Z, Guo J, Yang L, Fei G, Chen X, Wang L. Modulation of soil nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen leaching by hillslope hydrological processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175637. [PMID: 39168321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrogen (N) leaching are key pathways for soil N loss in hillslope ecosystem, with potential implications for global warming and water body eutrophication. While soil N loss in hillslope ecosystem has been extensively studied, there is limited understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and factors driving soil N2O emissions and N leaching from a hillslope hydrology perspective. This study investigated N concentrations in leachate and soil N2O fluxes and their responses to soil hydrological factors on a tea plantation (TP) hillslope and a bamboo forest (BF) hillslope. Four distinct precipitation patterns-spring rainfall (SR), plum rain (PR), summer flood rain (SF), and drought period (DR)-were identified based on precipitation intensity, duration, and cumulative precipitation. Results showed that, soil N2O flux and leachate N concentrations were 8.2 times and 18.0 times higher On TP hillslope compared to the BF hillslope. The greatest soil N2O fluxes occurred during the PR period, while the lowest were observed during the DR period. Precipitation increased soil water content (SWC) and water-filled pore space, stimulating soil N cycling for N2O production. Fertilization activities and precipitation led to peak N concentration in leachate during the SR period. Additionally, soil wetness index (SWI) shaped spatial patterns of SWC, resulting in distinct spatial patterns of N2O emissions and nitrate leaching. Locations with higher SWI exhibited greater soil N2O flux and higher nitrate concentrations in leachate. This study emphasizes the significant effect of soil hydrological processes on soil N2O emissions and N leaching in hillslope ecosystems, providing valuable insights for N management in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Chen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Wanqi Shen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Ziting Chen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Jiaxun Guo
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province 221116, China
| | - Long Yang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Guosong Fei
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210029, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210029, China
| | - Lachun Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China.
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Zhang X, Huang T, Li K, Zhang H, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang C. Effects of storm events on nutrient characteristics in a stratified drinking water reservoir: Behavior, transmission pathways and management strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119762. [PMID: 39122165 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Storm events result in nutrient fluctuations and deterioration of reservoir water supply quality. Understanding of nutrient dynamics (e.g., concentration, composition, loads and transport pathways) and adoption of effective management strategies are critical for safeguarding water quality. A comprehensive monitoring was conducted for three storm events during the rainy season in 2023. Results showed nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics demonstrate a significant response to hydrological process. Rainfall resulted in the highest event mean concentrations (EMCs) of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), and particulate phosphorus (PP) in the runoff being 1.97, 2.15, 2.30, 44.17, and 62.38 times higher than those observed in baseflow. On average, NO3--N/PP accounted for 82 %/96 % of N/P exports. Hysteresis analyses reveal that NH4+-N and PP were mainly transported by surface runoff from over-land sources, whereas TN and NO3--N were primarily delivered by subsurface runoff. Additionally, nutrient concentrations were significantly higher in the intrusive layer in reservoir compared to the pre-storm period, which gradually decreased from the tail to the head as particulate sedimentation and water column mixing occurred. Water-lifting-aerators (WLAs) were employed to alter the reservoir thermal stratification regime via artificial mixing to affect the intrusive layer of storm runoff. Comparison of the intrusive layer for three storms reveals that WLAs triggers the storm runoff to form an underflow via increasing the reservoir bottom water temperature above that the runoff, ensuring that water quality at the intake position remains unaffected by inflows. These findings serve as a reference for the response of reservoir eutrophication levels to storm events and present practical engineering experience for enhancing water quality safety during the rainy season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Qinling Water Source Water Quality of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Qinling Water Source Water Quality of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Qinling Water Source Water Quality of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Qinling Water Source Water Quality of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Qinling Water Source Water Quality of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Qinling Water Source Water Quality of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Xi'an Water Affairs (Group) Lijiahe Reservoir Management Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710016, China
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Wang Z, Wang G, Li Y, Zhang Z. Determinants of carbon sequestration in thinned forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175540. [PMID: 39151612 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Given global climate change and the projected increases in the greenhouse effect, enhancing the carbon storage capacity of forest ecosystems is especially critical. To fully realize the potential carbon sequestration, it is imperative to understand the drivers affecting carbon storage in forest ecosystems, particularly with disturbances that disrupt existing balance. In this study, we explored the effects of stem-only harvest at various thinning intensities on forest structure and carbon density in middle-aged natural secondary forests, located in the northern temperate zone. Carbon density included aboveground carbon density (ACD), soil organic carbon stocks (SOCD), and total carbon density (TCD), which was the sum of ACD and SOCD. We employed the random forest analysis method to identify significant variables influencing changes in carbon density. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was then used to determine the drivers of changes in forest carbon density. The results showed that moderate thinning (20 %-35 % trees removed), is an effective management practice for increasing the TCD in forests. Although heavy thinning (35.1 %-59.9 % trees removed) accelerated individual growth, it did not fully offset the carbon removed due to thinning. It is noteworthy that light thinning (0-19.9 % trees removed) not only reduced the species richness but also caused a significant number of tree deaths. Large live trees were an important direct determining factor of ACD, but not the only one. In addition, thinning indirectly influenced ACD by reducing canopy density and deformed tree density. The increase in dead tree density had an adverse impact on SOCD, and this phenomenon increased with the passage of recovery time. Conversely, greater thinning intensity enhanced SOCD. Moreover, TCD was directly influenced by tree height, large live trees, and stand density. Furthermore, thinning altered the conifer ratio, thereby influencing tree growth and indirectly controlling the TCD. We believe that this knowledge will be highly beneficial for successful forest management and enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Li Y, Che X, Chen H, Meng Z, Li X, Wang X, Zhu L, Zhao Y. Effects of filter-feeding fish faeces on microbial driving mechanism of lake sediment carbon transformation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175594. [PMID: 39154991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) can filter the carbon in the food taken up by phytoplankton and plays an important role in carbon fixation. In this study, the faeces of silver carp, the dominant fish species in Qiandao Lake, China, were collected and subjected to a closed incubation and transformation experiment for three months. The physical and chemical indices of water and sediment mixture, carbon metabolic enzyme activity, and microbial sequences were analyzed to identify the key microbial strains that affect carbon transformation as well as the main factors influencing carbon transformation. The results showed maximum CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes on day 15 of fish faeces and sediment interaction. In the faeces addition group, the contents of soluble organic carbon, soluble inorganic carbon, SO42-, and PO43- were significantly increased, while the dissolved oxygen content was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the pH, total carbon content, volatile suspended solids content, and activities of four carbon-metabolizing enzymes were significantly increased in the faeces addition group. The 16sRNA analysis of methanogenic and methane-oxidizing bacteria showed that Euryarchaea and Pseudomonas accounted for the highest proportion respectively. The most significant differences expression were found for Methylbacterium in the methanogenic bacteria and Methylobacter in the methane oxidizing bacteria. Structural variance model showed that interaction of fish faeces and sediments mainly caused changes in sulfate content, leading to variations in methanogens and methanotrophs and promotion of CH4 emission. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for the mechanism of carbon reduction and emission reduction of lake filter-feeding fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Che
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhanpeng Meng
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinfeng Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Tapas MR, Etheridge R, Tran TND, Finlay CG, Peralta AL, Bell N, Xu Y, Lakshmi V. A methodological framework for assessing sea level rise impacts on nitrate loading in coastal agricultural watersheds using SWAT+: A case study of the Tar-Pamlico River basin, North Carolina, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175523. [PMID: 39147058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the urgent need to understand the impacts of climate change on coastal ecosystems by demonstrating how to use the SWAT+ model to assess the effects of sea level rise (SLR) on agricultural nitrate export in a coastal watershed. Our framework for incorporating SLR in the SWAT+ model includes: (1) reclassifying current land uses to water for areas with elevations below 0.3 m based on SLR projections for mid-century; (2) creating new SLR-influenced land uses, SLR-influenced crop database, and hydrological response units for areas with elevations below 2.4 m; and (3) adjusting SWAT+ parameters for the SLR-influenced areas to simulate the effects of saltwater intrusion on processes such as plant yield and denitrification. We demonstrate this approach in the Tar-Pamlico River basin, a coastal watershed in eastern North Carolina, USA. We calibrated the model for monthly nitrate load at Washington, NC, achieving a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.61. Our findings show that SLR substantially alters nitrate delivery to the estuary, with increased nitrate loads observed in all seasons. Higher load increases were noted in winter and spring due to elevated flows, while higher percentage increases occurred in summer and fall, attributed to reduced plant uptake and disrupted nitrogen cycle transformations. Overall, we observed an increase in mean annual nitrate loads from 155,000 kg NO3-N under baseline conditions to 157,000 kg NO3-N under SLR scenarios, confirmed by a statistically significant paired t-test (p = 2.16 × 10-10). This pioneering framework sets the stage for more sophisticated and accurate modeling of SLR impacts in diverse hydrological scenarios, offering a vital tool for hydrological modelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh R Tapas
- Integrated Coastal Program, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Randall Etheridge
- Department of Engineering, Center for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Thanh-Nhan-Duc Tran
- Department of Civil & Environment Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Colin G Finlay
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, NC 27858, USA
| | | | - Natasha Bell
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Yicheng Xu
- Integrated Coastal Program, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Venkataraman Lakshmi
- Department of Civil & Environment Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Mu Z, Asensio D, Sardans J, Ogaya R, Llusià J, Filella I, Tie L, Liu L, Tariq A, Zeng F, Peñuelas J. Effects of long-term nighttime warming on extractable soil element composition in a Mediterranean shrubland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175708. [PMID: 39179043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the soil biogeochemical responses to increasing global warming in the near future is essential for improving our capacity to mitigate the impacts of climate change on highly vulnerable Mediterranean ecosystems. Previous studies have primarily focused on the effects of warming on various biogeochemical processes. However, there is limited knowledge about how the changes in water availability associated to high temperatures can alter the bioavailability and dynamics of soil elements, thereby impacting ecosystem productivity, species composition, and pollution through soil biogeochemical and hydrological processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term nighttime warming on the extractable concentrations of organic carbon (EOC), total nitrogen (ETN), total phosphorus (ETP), and 17 mineral elements (arsenic (As), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), sulfur (S), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)) through environmental experiments in a semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland. We explored the potential biotic and abiotic mechanisms underlying the seasonal and long-term changes in extractable-mobilizable elemental composition and concentrations. Our findings revealed that prolonged warming led to higher mean annual soil temperature (with an average increase of 0.67 °C from 1999 to 2014), accumulation of soil organic matter (EOC) and extractable concentrations of soil elements (particularly increased ETP and extractable Ca, Mg, Cu, Sr, Mn, and As). These changes were attributed to uniformly higher activities of extracellular soil enzymes and/or lower plant photosynthetic and nutrient uptake capacity linked to more water deficit under warmer conditions. Seasonality unevenly altered element extractable concentrations, with soil microclimate (temperature and water content) and biological (soil microbial and plant) activity being the main drivers of this variability, thus influencing soil element composition. These results suggest significant fluctuations in the extractable concentrations of specific mineral elements in these soils, implying potential future variations in soil element composition as well as the loss of total element concentrations/contents in semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems due to increasing warming. Therefore, these findings enhance our ability to predict ecosystem management strategies and mitigate the observed negative impacts on plant-soil systems and water quality in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Mu
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, 848300 Cele, China
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Liehua Tie
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Ecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044 Nanjing, China
| | - Akash Tariq
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, 848300 Cele, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, 848300 Cele, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Bas DA, Sabbe K, van der Wal D, Dasseville R, Van Pelt D, Meire P. High-resolution temporal NDVI data reveal contrasting intratidal, spring-neap and seasonal biomass dynamics in euglenoid- and diatom-dominated biofilms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175676. [PMID: 39179048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Intertidal microphytobenthos (MPB) are a major contributor to primary production in estuarine ecosystems. While their biomass is highly variable at multiple spatial and temporal scales, the underlying drivers are as yet little understood. Both in situ sampling and remote-sensing techniques often lack the temporal resolution or coverage to simultaneously capture short-term (intratidal to daily) and longer-term (weekly to annual) biomass changes. Our field setup with in-situ NDVI sensors allowed us to study MPB surface biomass variability at high temporal resolution (10 mins) for up to two years in a freshwater euglenoid dominated mudflat, and a brackish and a marine diatom dominated mudflat. MPB biomass showed marked periodicities at multiple temporal scales: seasonal, spring-neap and intratidal. The diatom-dominated MPB community showed a seasonal biomass peak in winter, while the euglenoid-dominated community showed biomass peaks during spring and summer, probably caused by underlying divergent responses to mainly irradiance, temperature and wind-induced resuspension, and macrobenthos grazing. Spring-neap periodicity likely resulted from differential migratory responses of the MPB communities to variation in timing and duration of daylight exposure. In the freshwater community, upward migration only occurred when exposure duration was sufficiently long (≥4 h). In the diatom-dominated community, morning daylight exposure resulted in highest NDVI values. This study highlights the differences in MPB biomass dynamics between MPB communities within estuarine ecosystems, and underscores the great potential of high-resolution temporal NDVI monitoring for more accurate estimates of MPB biomass and primary production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian A Bas
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Protistology & Aquatic Ecology, Departement of biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Sabbe
- Protistology & Aquatic Ecology, Departement of biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daphne van der Wal
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, Netherlands; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Renaat Dasseville
- Protistology & Aquatic Ecology, Departement of biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Van Pelt
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Meire
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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48
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Plaza PI, Lambertucci SA. Unsustainable production patterns and disease emergence: The paradigmatic case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175389. [PMID: 39134272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Current food production systems are causing severe environmental damage, including the emergence of dangerous pathogens that put humans and wildlife at risk. Several dangerous pathogens (e.g., the 2009 A(H1N1) Influenza Virus, Nipah virus) have emerged associated with the dominant intensive food production systems. In this article, we use the case of the emergence and spillover of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus H5N1 (hereafter, H5N1) to illustrate how intensive food production methods provide a breeding ground for dangerous pathogens. We also discuss how emerging pathogens, such as H5N1, may affect not only ecosystem health but also human well-being and the economy. The current H5N1 panzootic (2020-2024) is producing a catastrophic impact: the millions of domestic birds affected by this virus have led to significant economic losses globally, and wild birds and mammals have suffered alarming mortalities, with the associated loss of their material and non-material ecosystem services. Transformative actions are required to reduce the emergence and impact of pathogens such as H5N1; we particularly need to reconsider the ways we are producing food. Governments should redirect funds to the promotion of alternative production systems that reduce the risk of new emerging pathogens and produce environmentally healthy food. These systems need to have a positive relationship with nature rather than being systems based on business as usual to the detriment of the environment. Sustainable food production systems may save many lives, economies, and biodiversity, together with the ecosystem services species provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo I Plaza
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue - CONICET, Quintral 1250 (R8400FRF), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Sergio A Lambertucci
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue - CONICET, Quintral 1250 (R8400FRF), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
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49
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Oulehle F, Kolář T, Rybníček M, Hruška J, Büntgen U, Trnka M. Complex imprint of air pollution in the basal area increments of three European tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175858. [PMID: 39209174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The impact of atmospheric pollution on the growth of European forest tree species, particularly European beech, Silver fir and Norway spruce, is examined in five mesic forests in the Czech Republic. Analyzing of basal area increment (BAI) patterns using linear mixed effect models reveals a complex interplay between atmospheric nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) deposition, climatic variables and changing CO2 concentrations. Beech BAI responds positively to N deposition (in tandem with air CO2 concentration), with soil phosphorus (P) availability emerging as a significant factor influencing overall growth rates. Fir BAI, on the other hand, was particularly negatively influenced by S deposition, although recent growth acceleration suggests growth resilience in post-pollution period. This fir growth surge likely coincides with stimulation of P acquisition following the decline of acidic pollution. The consequence is the current highest productivity among the studied tree species. The growth dynamics of both conifers were closely linked to the stoichiometric imbalance of phosphorus in needles, indicating the possible sensitivity of exogenous controls on nutrient uptake. Furthermore, spruce BAI was positively linked to calcium availability across sites. Despite enhanced water-use efficiency under elevated CO2, spruce growth is constrained by precipitation deficit and demonstrates weakening resilience to increasing growing season air temperatures. Overall, these findings underscore the intricate relationships between atmospheric pollution, nutrient availability, and climatic factors in shaping the growth dynamics of European forest ecosystems. Thus, incorporating biogeochemical context of nutrient availability is essential for realistic modelling of tree growth in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Oulehle
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hruška
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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50
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Reijers VC, van Rees F, van der Heide T, Oost AP, Ruessink G, Koffijberg K, Camphuysen KCJ, Penning E, Hijner N, Govers LL. Birds influence vegetation coverage and structure on sandy biogeomorphic islands in the Dutch Wadden Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175254. [PMID: 39111441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Small uninhabited islands form important roosting and breeding habitats for many coastal birds. Previous studies have demonstrated that guano can promote ecosystem productivity and functionality on island ecosystems. Here, we assess the role of external nutrient input by coastal birds on the vegetation structure and coverage on sandy biogeomorphic islands, where island-forming processes depend on vegetation-sedimentation feedbacks. As a first step, we investigated whether breeding birds affect vegetation productivity on sandy back-barrier islands in the Wadden Sea. Using a combination of bird observations and plant stable isotope (δ15N) analyses, we demonstrate that (i) breeding birds transport large quantities of nutrients via their faecal outputs to these islands annually and that (ii) this external nitrogen source influences vegetation development on these sandy, nutrient-limited, islands. Based on these results we discuss how this avian nutrient pump could impact island development and habitat suitability for coastal birds and discuss future directions for research. In general, we conclude that avian subsidies have the potential to affect both the ecological and biogeomorphic functioning of coastal soft-sediment systems. However, the strength and scale of especially these biogeomorphic interactions are not fully understood. For the conservation of both threatened coastal birds and sandy back-barrier islands and the design of appropriate management strategies, we argue that three-way interactions between birds, vegetation and sandy island morphodynamics need to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie C Reijers
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Floris van Rees
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert P Oost
- Staatsbosbeheer, P.O. Box 2, 3800 AA Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ruessink
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Koffijberg
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, PO Box 6521, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kees C J Camphuysen
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands
| | - Emma Penning
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; BirdEyes, Centre for Global Ecological Change at the Faculties of Science & Engineering and Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Zaailand 110, 8911 BN Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Hijner
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura L Govers
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands
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