1
|
Horvath M, Pittman B, O’Malley SS, Grutman A, Khan N, Gueorguieva R, Brewer JA, Garrison KA. Smartband-based smoking detection and real-time brief mindfulness intervention: findings from a feasibility clinical trial. Ann Med 2024; 56:2352803. [PMID: 38823419 PMCID: PMC11146247 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2352803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartbands can be used to detect cigarette smoking and deliver real time smoking interventions. Brief mindfulness interventions have been found to reduce smoking. OBJECTIVE This single arm feasibility trial used a smartband to detect smoking and deliver brief mindfulness exercises. METHODS Daily smokers who were motivated to reduce their smoking wore a smartband for 60 days. For 21 days, the smartband monitored, detected and notified the user of smoking in real time. After 21 days, a 'mindful smoking' exercise was triggered by detected smoking. After 28 days, a 'RAIN' (recognize, allow, investigate, nonidentify) exercise was delivered to predicted smoking. Participants received mindfulness exercises by text message and online mindfulness training. Feasibility measures included treatment fidelity, adherence and acceptability. RESULTS Participants (N=155) were 54% female, 76% white non-Hispanic, and treatment starters (n=115) were analyzed. Treatment fidelity cutoffs were met, including for detecting smoking and delivering mindfulness exercises. Adherence was mixed, including moderate smartband use and low completion of mindfulness exercises. Acceptability was mixed, including high helpfulness ratings and mixed user experiences data. Retention of treatment starters was high (81.9%). CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate the feasibility of using a smartband to track smoking and deliver quit smoking interventions contingent on smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Horvath
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Aurora Grutman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nashmia Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Judson A. Brewer
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Byrne ME, Kirschner S, Harrewijn A, Abend R, Lazarov A, Liuzzi L, Kircanski K, Haller SP, Bar-Haim Y, Pine DS. Eye-tracking measurement of attention bias to social threat among youth: A replication and extension study. JOURNAL OF MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS 2024; 8:100075. [PMID: 39007026 PMCID: PMC11238819 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Attentional bias to social threat cues has been linked to heightened anxiety and irritability in youth. Yet, inconsistent methodology has limited replication and led to mixed findings. The current study aims to 1) replicate and extend two previous pediatric studies demonstrating a relationship between negative affectivity and attentional bias to social threat and 2) examine the test-retest reliability of an eye-tracking paradigm among a subsample of youth. Attention allocation to negative versus non-negative emotional faces was measured using a free-viewing eye-tracking task among youth (N=185 total, 60% female, M age=13.10 years, SD age=2.77) with three face-pair conditions: happy-angry, neutral-disgust, sad-happy. Replicating procedures of two previous studies, linear mixed-effects models compared attention bias between children with anxiety disorders and healthy controls. Bifactor analysis was used to parse shared versus unique facets of general negative affectivity (i.e., anxiety, irritability), which were then examined in relation to attention bias. Test-retest reliability of the bias-index was estimated among a subsample of youth (N=36). No significant differences in attention allocation or bias emerged between anxiety and healthy control groups. While general negative affectivity across the sample was not associated with attention bias, there was a positive relationship for anxiety and irritability on duration of attention allocation toward negative faces. Test-retest reliability for attention bias was moderate (r=0.50, p<.01). While anxiety-related findings from the two previous studies were not replicated, the relationship between attention bias and facets of negative affect suggests a potential target for treatment. Evidence for test-retest reliability encourages future use of the eye-tracking task for researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Byrne
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sara Kirschner
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anita Harrewijn
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rany Abend
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, 8 Ha'Universita St., Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Amit Lazarov
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lucrezia Liuzzi
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Katharina Kircanski
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Simone P Haller
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Núñez D, Rodríguez-Delgado J, Castillo RD, Yupanqui J, Kloos H. Effect of prior beliefs and cognitive deficits on learning in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 38:100318. [PMID: 39005726 PMCID: PMC11238185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction It is known that cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia and that in the general population, prior beliefs significantly influence learning and reasoning processes. However, the interaction of prior beliefs with cognitive deficits and their impact on performance in schizophrenia patients is still poorly understood. This study investigates the role of beliefs and cognitive variables (CVs) like working memory, associative learning, and processing speed on learning processes in individuals with schizophrenia. We hypothesize that beliefs will influence the ability to learn correct predictions and that first-episode schizophrenia patients (FEP) will show impaired learning due to cognitive deficits. Methods We used a predictive-learning task to examine how FEP (n = 23) and matched controls (n = 23) adjusted their decisional criteria concerning physical properties during the learning process when predicting the sinking behavior of two transparent containers filled with aluminum discs when placed in water. Results On accuracy, initial differences by group, trial type, and interaction effects of these variables disappeared when CVs were controlled. The differences by conditions, associated with differential beliefs about why the objects sink slower or faster, were seen in patients and controls, despite controlling the CVs' effect. Conclusions Differences between groups were mainly explained by CVs, proving that they play an important role than what is assumed in this type of task. However, beliefs about physical events were not affected by CVs, and beliefs affect in the same way the decisional criteria of the control or FEP patients' groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Núñez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Chile
| | | | - Ramón D. Castillo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Chile
| | | | - Heidi Kloos
- Center for Cognition, Action and Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carpenter KA, Altman RB. Databases of ligand-binding pockets and protein-ligand interactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1320-1338. [PMID: 38585646 PMCID: PMC10997877 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Many research groups and institutions have created a variety of databases curating experimental and predicted data related to protein-ligand binding. The landscape of available databases is dynamic, with new databases emerging and established databases becoming defunct. Here, we review the current state of databases that contain binding pockets and protein-ligand binding interactions. We have compiled a list of such databases, fifty-three of which are currently available for use. We discuss variation in how binding pockets are defined and summarize pocket-finding methods. We organize the fifty-three databases into subgroups based on goals and contents, and describe standard use cases. We also illustrate that pockets within the same protein are characterized differently across different databases. Finally, we assess critical issues of sustainability, accessibility and redundancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy A. Carpenter
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Russ B. Altman
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kring L, Iversen E, Ibsen B, Fehsenfeld M. Exploring the impact of stressful life events on quality of life: meaning making and narrative reconstruction. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2330117. [PMID: 38525819 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2330117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stressful life events have the capacity to disrupt an individual's worldview and life goals, leading to existential questions and identity loss. The subjective perception of identity is intricately linked with quality of life (QoL), and how individuals derive meaning from these stressful life events significantly influences their well-being. This article explored the impact of stressful life events on individuals' QoL, and examined the potential for enhancing QoL through meaning making and narrative reconstruction. METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 individuals reporting diminished QoL and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The study reveals that stressful life events confront interviewees with the vulnerability of their values in life and the limits of their control, leading them to question their own beliefs and purpose in life. Consequently, these events prompt individuals to reconstruction their narratives to adapt to new life circumstances. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that "securing the base," including strong social relations and security in economic and housing conditions, is a prerequisite for enhancing QoL. The insights on "the base" have profound implications for QoL. Recognizing their fundamental importance, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and social service providers can support mechanisms to enhance these foundations, improving overall well-being for individuals and communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Kring
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Evald Iversen
- Centre for Sports, Health and Civil Society (CISC), Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Ibsen
- Centre for Sports, Health and Civil Society (CISC), Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marcinkevičiūtė M, Vilutytė L, Gailienė D. Experience of pre-suicidal suffering: insights from suicide attempt survivors. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2370894. [PMID: 38913782 PMCID: PMC11198122 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2370894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychache significantly contributes to the suicidal process. However, the transition from pre-suicidal suffering to a suicide crisis remains one of the least explored stages in suicidology. METHODS We retrospectively explored experience of pre-suicidal suffering through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 12 individuals recruited from the Vilnius City Mental Health Center, Lithuania. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed to identify recurring patterns. RESULTS Nine primary group experiential themes emerged: Certain adverse life events occurring during the suicidal process were not immediately perceived as connected; Complex traumatic events laid the groundwork for a profound sense of lack; A compensatory mechanism balanced the experience of profound lack; Exhaustion ensued from efforts to sustain the compensatory mechanism; The main trigger directly challenged the compensatory mechanism; The affective state followed the experience of the main triggering event; Dissociation served to isolate psychache; Thoughts of suicide experienced as automatic; Suicide was perceived as a means to end suffering. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the suicidal process unfolds over an extended period of suffering, culminating in a crisis to alleviate unbearable psychological pain. In clinical practice, identifying the main triggering event discussed in this study can be pivotal in understanding the essence of suffering characterized by profound lacking and developed compensatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Marcinkevičiūtė
- Centre for Suicidology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Danutė Gailienė
- Centre for Suicidology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Astorayme MA, Vázquez-Rowe I, Kahhat R. The use of artificial intelligence algorithms to detect macroplastics in aquatic environments: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173843. [PMID: 38871326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The presence of macroplastic (MP) is having serious consequences on natural ecosystems, directly affecting biota and human wellbeing. Given this scenario, estimating MPs' abundance is crucial for assessing the issue and formulating effective waste management strategies. In this context, the main objective of this critical review is to analyze the use of machine learning (ML) techniques, with a particular interest in deep learning (DL) approaches, to detect, classify and quantify MPs in aquatic environments, supported by datasets such as satellite or aerial images and video recordings taken by unmanned aerial vehicles. This article provides a concise overview of artificial intelligence concepts, followed by a bibliometric analysis and a critical review. The search methodology aimed to categorize the scientific contributions through temporal and spatial criteria for bibliometric analysis, whereas the critical review was based on generating homogeneous groups according to the complexity of ML and DL methods, as well as the type of dataset. In light of the review carried out, classical ML techniques, such as random forest or support vector machines, showed robustness in MPs detection. However, it seems that achieving optimal efficiencies in multiclass classification is a limitation for these methods. Consequently, more advanced techniques such as DL approaches are taking the lead for the detection and multiclass classification of MPs. A series of architectures based on convolutional neural networks, and the use of complex pre-trained models through the transfer learning, are currently being explored (e.g., VGG16 and YOLO models), although currently the computational expense is high due to the need for processing large volumes of data. Additionally, there seems to be a trend towards detecting smaller plastic, which need higher resolution images. Finally, it is important to stress that since 2020 there has been a significant increase in scientific research focusing on transformer-based architectures for object detection. Although this can be considered the current state of the art, no studies have been identified that utilize these architectures for MP detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Astorayme
- Peruvian Life Cycle Assessment & Industrial Ecology Network (PELCAN), Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15074, Lima, Peru; Dept. of Fluid Mechanics Engineering, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Universitaria/Av. Germán Amézaga s/n., Lima 1508, Lima, Peru..
| | - Ian Vázquez-Rowe
- Peruvian Life Cycle Assessment & Industrial Ecology Network (PELCAN), Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15074, Lima, Peru
| | - Ramzy Kahhat
- Peruvian Life Cycle Assessment & Industrial Ecology Network (PELCAN), Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15074, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen D, Shen Y, Zhou X, Ying J, Zhang J, Zhan S, Zhang S, You J. The bidirectional longitudinal associations between fear of negative evaluation and suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of interpersonal needs factors. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:59-66. [PMID: 38815762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Based on previous theories and studies, fear of negative evaluation (FNE) may be a key predictor of suicidal ideation in adolescents. However, few studies examined the longitudinal relationships between FNE and suicidal ideation. This study aimed to explore the bidirectional longitudinal relationships between FNE and suicidal ideation. Meanwhile, based on the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, this study would examine the longitudinal mediating role of interpersonal needs factors (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness) on the relationship between FNE and suicidal ideation. A sample of 515 adolescents (Mage = 12.309, SD = 0.807; 49.3 % girls) completed questionnaires on 4 waves, 6 months apart. The Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPMs) were utilized to estimate the associations among study variables. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant bidirectional longitudinal relationship between FNE and suicidal ideation; (2) thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness independently and serially mediated the relationship between FNE and suicidal ideation. This study contributed to understanding the complex relationship between FNE and suicidal ideation, emphasizing the critical roles of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. The findings underscore the bidirectional nature of these associations and provide insights into the potential pathways involved in the development of suicidal ideation among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danrui Chen
- Psychological Counseling Centre, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yunhong Shen
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xinglin Zhou
- Psychological Counseling Centre, Guang'an Vocational Technical College, Guang'an, China
| | - Jiefeng Ying
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Jiajing Zhang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shiting Zhan
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Psychological Counseling Centre, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianing You
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng C, Li D, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Huang P, Zhai B. Reciprocal relationships among parental psychological control, emotion regulation ability, and subjective well-being of adolescents: Disentangling between- and within-person effects. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:546-555. [PMID: 38925309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although research has demonstrated that parental psychological control is associated with the subjective well-being of adolescents, the lack of longitudinal studies that investigate whether or not bidirectional associations exist between the two and their potential mediating mechanisms has continued to date. In addition, previous studies have not rigorously distinguished between- and within-person effects. Thus, this study investigated longitudinal bidirectional associations between parental psychological control and the subjective well-being of adolescents. The study further examined the mediating role of emotion regulation ability. METHODS A total of 1365 Chinese adolescents (boys: 53.2 %; Mage = 14.68 years, SD = 1.56) participated in a three-wave longitudinal study with annual assessments. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were utilized to separate between- and within-person variation. RESULTS After controlling for between-person variance, the results revealed that adolescents with low levels of subjective well-being reported high levels of parental psychological control after one year. Emotion regulation ability played a bidirectional mediating role in the relationship between psychological control and subjective well-being. That is, psychological control and subjective well-being mutually influenced each other through emotion regulation ability. LIMITATIONS Assessments of the key study variables were provided by adolescents. Moreover, the study considered a combination of the mothers' and fathers' use of psychological control without differentiating between paternal and maternal psychological control. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance of interventions that target emotion regulation ability, which contributes to breaking the negative cycle between controlling parenting and the well-being of adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiong Deng
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Dongping Li
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pan Huang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Boyu Zhai
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kanterman A, Scheele D, Nevat M, Saporta N, Lieberz J, Hurlemann R, Shamay-Tsoory S. Let me in: The neural correlates of inclusion motivation in loneliness. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:399-408. [PMID: 38897307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is well-established that humans possess an innate need for social belonging, the neural mechanisms underlying motivation for connection are still largely unknown. We propose that inclusion motivation - measured through the effort that individuals are willing to invest to be included in social interactions - may serve as one of the basic building blocks of social behavior and may change in lonely individuals. METHODS Following the screening of 303 participants, we scanned 30 low- and 28 high-loneliness individuals with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed the Active Inclusion Task (AIT). The AIT assesses the participants' levels of effort invested in influencing their inclusion during classic Cyberball conditions of fair play and exclusion. RESULTS High- compared to low-loneliness individuals showed higher urgency for inclusion, specifically during fair play, which correlated with higher activity in the right thalamus. Furthermore, in high-loneliness individuals, we found increased functional connectivity between the thalamus and the temporoparietal junction, putamen, and insula. LIMITATIONS Participants interacted with computerized avatars, reducing ecological validity. Additionally, although increasing inclusion in the task required action, the physical demand was not high. Additional limitations are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion motivation in loneliness is heightened during fair but not exclusionary interactions, and is linked to activity in brain regions implicated in appetitive behavior and social cognition. The findings indicate that lonely individuals may view threat in inclusionary interactions, prompting them to take action to regain connection. This suggests that inclusion motivation may help explain social difficulties in loneliness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kanterman
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
| | - D Scheele
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Nevat
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - N Saporta
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - J Lieberz
- Section of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - R Hurlemann
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Melander Heerstrasse 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - S Shamay-Tsoory
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cai Y, She X, Singh MK, Wang H, Wang M, Abbey C, Rozelle S, Tong L. general psychopathology factor in Chinese adolescents and its correlation with trans-diagnostic protective psycho-social factors. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:245-255. [PMID: 38848970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidity in mental disorders is prevalent among adolescents, with evidence suggesting a general psychopathology factor ("p" factor) that reflects shared mechanisms across different disorders. However, the association between the "p" factor and protective factors remains understudied. The current study aimed to explore the "p" factor, and its associations with psycho-social functioning, in Chinese adolescents. METHODS 2052 students, aged 9-17, were recruited from primary and secondary schools in Shanghai, China. Multiple rating scales were used to assess psychological symptoms and psycho-social functioning. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify the fit of models involving different psychopathology domains such as externalizing, internalizing, and the "p" factor. Subsequently, structural equation models were used to explore associations between the extracted factors and psycho-social functioning, including emotion regulation, mindful attention awareness, self-esteem, self-efficacy, resilience, and perceived support. RESULTS The bi-factor model demonstrated a good fit, with a "p" factor accounting for 46 % of symptom variation, indicating that the psychological symptoms of Chinese adolescents could be explained by internalizing, externalizing, and the "p" factor. Psychologically, a higher "p" was positively correlated with emotion suppression and negatively correlated with mindful attention awareness, emotion reappraisal, self-esteem, and resilience. Socially, a higher "p" was associated with decreased perceived support. LIMITATIONS Only common symptoms were included as this study was conducted at school. Furthermore, the cross-sectional design limited our ability to investigate causal relationships. CONCLUSIONS A "p" factor exists among Chinese adolescents. Individuals with higher "p" factor levels were prone to experience lower levels of psycho-social functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinshu She
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manpreet K Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cody Abbey
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lian Tong
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luoma I, Korhonen M, Salmelin RK, Siirtola A, Mäntymaa M, Valkonen-Korhonen M, Puura K. Mothers' and their children's emotional and behavioral symptom trajectories and subsequent maternal adjustment: Twenty-seven years of motherhood. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:299-309. [PMID: 38876318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to describe maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) trajectories in a longitudinal study extending from pregnancy to 27 years after the birth of the firstborn child. We also explored the associations of both MDS trajectories and child internalizing and externalizing problem trajectories with maternal adjustment (adaptive functioning, emotional and behavioral problems). METHODS The population-based study was conducted in Tampere, Finland, and the sample comprised 356 first-time mothers. MDS were screened with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during pregnancy, first week after delivery, 2 and 6 months postnatally, and when the child was 4-5, 8-9, 16-17, and 26-27 years of age. The internalizing and externalizing problems of the children were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist when the child was 4-5, 8-9, and 16-17 years of age. Maternal adaptive functioning and internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed with the Adult Self Report at 26-27 years after the birth of the first child. Complete follow-up data were available for 168 mothers. RESULTS We describe a three-group trajectory model of MDS (High Stable, Low Stable, Very Low). Elevated depressive symptom patterns were associated with less optimal maternal outcomes regarding both adaptive and problem dimensions. The child's internalizing and externalizing problem trajectories were associated with maternal internalizing and externalizing problems but not with maternal adaptive functioning. LIMITATIONS Maternal and child measures were based on maternal reports only. CONCLUSIONS The interconnectedness of the well-being of the mother and child should be noted in health and mental health services for adults and children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Luoma
- University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, Kuopio, Finland; Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Marie Korhonen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland; Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raili K Salmelin
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja Siirtola
- Tampere University Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mirjami Mäntymaa
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Oulu, Finland; Oulu University Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Valkonen-Korhonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaija Puura
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu H, Li X, Zhang H, Lin X, Qu Y, Yang L, Ma Q, Zhou C. The association between proactive personality and interprofessional learning readiness in nursing students: The chain medication effects of perceived social support and professional identity. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 140:106266. [PMID: 38833758 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interprofessional education (IPE) has been advocated for all healthcare students, and readiness for interprofessional learning significantly influences its effectiveness. It is essential to explore the antecedent factors of readiness for interprofessional learning among nursing students to promote IPE. While a proactive personality might impact readiness for interprofessional learning, its specific role has remained unspecified. OBJECTIVE To examine the mediation effects of perceived social support and professional identity on the association between proactive personality and readiness for interprofessional learning among nursing students. DESIGN The study utilised a cross-sectional design. SETTINGS Research was conducted at two universities and two vocational schools in Hainan Province, China. PARTICIPANTS On-campus nursing students were invited to participate between March and May 2023. METHODS A flyer was distributed to the participants with a QR code to scan to voluntarily complete the online survey, including the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS), Proactive Personality Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale and Professional Identity Status Questionnaire Scale 5d. Descriptive analysis, Pearson associations and mediation analysis were conducted using SPSS software version 26.0 and PROCESS version 4.2 for SPSS. RESULTS The participants' average RIPLS score was 66.93 ± 9.28. Proactive personality (r = 0.633, p < 0.01), perceived social support (r = 0.605, p < 0.01) and professional identity (r = 0.549, p < 0.01) were all positively related to readiness for interprofessional learning. Meanwhile, the relationship between proactive personality and readiness for interprofessional learning was partly mediated by perceived social support (25.15 %), professional identity (13.35 %) and the chain effects (9.48 %) of perceived social support and professional identity. CONCLUSIONS The nursing students in Hainan, China demonstrated a medium level of readiness for interprofessional learning. Compound strategies that foster proactive personality, provide social support and boost positive professional identity are warranted to improve nursing students' readiness for interprofessional learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhu
- Hainan Medical University, 3 Xueyuan Road, Chengxi District, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China; Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xianhong Li
- Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Hainan Medical University, 3 Xueyuan Road, Chengxi District, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Xiujin Lin
- Hainan Health Vocational College, 32 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - You Qu
- Hainan Medical University, 3 Xueyuan Road, Chengxi District, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Sanya College, 191 Xueyuan Road, Jiyang District, Sanya 572022, Hainan, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Xunkou District, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu JQ, Spicer J, Sanborn A, Chater N. The statistics of cognitive variability: Explaining common patterns in individuals, groups and financial markets. Cognition 2024; 250:105858. [PMID: 38906014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Psychological variability (i.e., "noise") displays interesting structure which is hidden by the common practice of averaging over trials. Interesting noise structure, termed 'stylized facts', is observed in financial markets (i.e., behaviors from many thousands of traders). Here we investigate the parallels between psychological and financial time series. In a series of three experiments (total N = 202), we successively simplified a market-based price prediction task by first removing external information, and then removing any interaction between participants. Finally, we removed any resemblance to an asset market by asking individual participants to simply reproduce temporal intervals. All three experiments reproduced the main stylized facts found in financial markets, and the robustness of the results suggests that a common cognitive-level mechanism can produce them. We identify one potential model based on mental sampling algorithms, showing how this general-purpose model might account for behavior across these very different tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiao Zhu
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, USA.
| | - Jake Spicer
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Adam Sanborn
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Nick Chater
- Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang Y, Qing R, Yang Y, Li M, Gao J. Sex and Age Differences in Ontogeny of Alloparenting: A Relation to Forebrain DRD1, DRD2, and HTR2A mRNA Expression? Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22524. [PMID: 38973227 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Alloparenting refers to the practice of caring for the young by individuals other than their biological parents. The relationship between the dynamic changes in psychological functions underlying alloparenting and the development of specific neuroreceptors remains unclear. Using a classic 10-day pup sensitization procedure, together with a pup preference and pup retrieval test on the EPM (elevated plus maze), we showed that both male and female adolescent rats (24 days old) had significantly shorter latency than adult rats (65 days old) to be alloparental, and their motivation levels for pups and objects were also significantly higher. In contrast, adult rats retrieved more pups than adolescent rats even though they appeared to be more anxious on the EPM. Analysis of mRNA expression using real-time-PCR revealed a higher dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) receptor expression in adult hippocampus, amygdala, and ventral striatum, along with higher dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) receptor expression in ventral striatum compared to adolescent rats. Adult rats also showed significantly higher levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A) receptor expression in the medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, ventral striatum, and hypothalamus. These results suggest that the faster onset of alloparenting in adolescent rats compared to adult rats, along with the psychological functions involved, may be mediated by varying levels of dopamine DRD1, DRD2, and HTR2A in different forebrain regions.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Male
- Rats
- Female
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Prosencephalon/metabolism
- Empathy/physiology
- Age Factors
- Sex Characteristics
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Amygdala/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Huang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoting Qing
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Neubig CM, Roosen J. Can I still eat this? Using implicit and explicit measures to explore consumer behavior toward food products with date labels. Appetite 2024; 200:107556. [PMID: 38876149 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates implicit and explicit attitudes toward products before and beyond the best-before date (BBD) using an Implicit Association Test and an online questionnaire. Moreover, we test whether consumer perception of and behavior toward products beyond the BBD can be manipulated using a priming task. We use a three-group between-subjects design where respondents had to recall either a frugal, a wasteful, or an unrelated behavior. Results show that consumers have negative implicit associations with products beyond the BBD. Reduced health and safety perceptions, consumers' strategies to determine edibility, and general risk perception of products beyond the BBD predict consumption of these products. While recalling a frugal behavior does not have significant effects, recalling a wasteful behavior prior to evaluating products beyond the BBD leads to a decrease in the perceived safety and healthfulness of these products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Neubig
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Management, Chair of Marketing and Consumer Research, Germany; Technical University of Munich, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Germany
| | - Jutta Roosen
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Management, Chair of Marketing and Consumer Research, Germany; Technical University of Munich, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Siegel EY, Cassidy GP, Telch MJ. Validity of the distress tolerance inventory in predicting response to the Cold-Pressor Test. Cogn Behav Ther 2024; 53:508-523. [PMID: 38651938 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2024.2333963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Distress intolerance-a broad band dispositional variable has been shown to serve as a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. We investigated the predictive validity of the physical and emotional subscales of the Distress Tolerance Inventory (DTI) on behavioral responding (immersion time) and moment-to-moment subjective distress ratings to the Cold-Pressor Test. College students (N = 134) completed self-report questionnaires indexing physical and emotional distress tolerance and then completed a cold pressor challenge. The DTI displayed convergent validity with several well-established self-report measures assessing distress tolerance (i.e. DTS, PCS, DIS). Participants' scores on the DTI physical subscale (but not the DTS or DTI emotional subscale) predicted participants' immersion time on the cold pressor challenge, thus supporting the construct validity of the DTI physical distress subscale. The DIS also predicted immersion time, though its internal consistency was marginal. These data suggest that the DTI is a valid measure for both emotional and physical distress tolerance and should be considered as a viable alternative to the DTS, especially for investigative domains involving physical distress such as chronic pain, or screening personnel for physically demanding tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J Telch
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Konings F, Vranken I, Cingel DP, Vandenbosch L, Lenne OD. Are diverse models really non-idealized? Investigating body positivity public feed posts of fashion and beauty brands on instagram. Body Image 2024; 50:101728. [PMID: 38805770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Research increasingly explores body positive (BoPo) messaging and diverse model representation in advertising. Fashion and beauty brands are incorporating diverse models in traditional media to address criticisms of promoting narrow appearance ideals, yet their social media communications remain understudied. This content analytical study (n = 460 models, 16 brands) analyzes BoPo messages and diverse model representation in fashion and beauty brands' Instagram posts. Variations according to the brands' reputation, posts' framing, and posts' popularity were considered. Results showed that although diverse models appeared to be prominently featured in the brands' Instagram posts (71.50%; n = 329), the majority of these posts displayed only one aspect of diversity. Racial diversity was the most represented diversity trait (76.29%, n = 251), while body (32.80%, n = 151), facial (12.10%, n = 38), and generational diversity (22.50%, n = 73) were limited. The sexualization frame (88.70%, n = 408) prevailed over the empowerment frame (32.40%, n = 149). Positive changes were noted with the empowerment frame significantly relating to the representation of diverse models. Yet, this study also highlighted that such positive messages still co-occur with negative messages as an empowerment frame co-occurred with a highly prevalent sexualization frame.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Konings
- School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen), Belgium.
| | - Ilse Vranken
- School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Laura Vandenbosch
- School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Orpha de Lenne
- School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen), Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sandoval-Caballero C, Jara J, Luarte L, Jiménez Y, Teske JA, Perez-Leighton C. Control of motivation for sucrose in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus by dynorphin peptides and the kappa opioid receptor. Appetite 2024; 200:107504. [PMID: 38768926 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The dynorphin peptides are the endogenous ligands for the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and regulate food intake. Administration of dynorphin-A1-13 (DYN) in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) increases palatable food intake, and this effect is blocked by co-administration of the orexin-A neuropeptide, which is co-released with DYN in PVN from neurons located in the lateral hypothalamus. While PVN administration of DYN increases palatable food intake, whether it increases food-seeking behaviors has yet to be examined. We tested the effects of DYN and norBNI (a KOR antagonist) on the seeking and consumption of sucrose using a progressive ratio (PR) and demand curve (DC) tasks. In PVN, DYN did not alter the sucrose breaking point (BP) in the PR task nor the elasticity or intensity of demand for sucrose in the DC task. Still, DYN reduced the delay in obtaining sucrose and increased licks during sucrose intake in the PR task, irrespective of the co-administration of orexin-A. In PVN, norBNI increased the delay in obtaining sucrose and reduced licks during sucrose intake in the PR task while increasing elasticity without altering intensity of demand in the DC task. However, subcutaneous norBNI reduced the BP for sucrose and increased the delay in obtaining sucrose in the PR task while reducing the elasticity of demand. Together, these data show different effects of systemic and PVN blockade of KOR on food-seeking, consummatory behaviors, and incentive motivation for sucrose and suggest that KOR activity in PVN is necessary but not sufficient to drive seeking behaviors for palatable food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sandoval-Caballero
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Jara
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Luarte
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Y Jiménez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J A Teske
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - C Perez-Leighton
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ruggiero CF, Trexberg KM, Moore AM, Savage JS. Applying the Family Stress Model to responsive feeding and early obesity prevention. Appetite 2024; 200:107515. [PMID: 38797237 PMCID: PMC11227407 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Rapid weight gain during infancy and obesity during early childhood may lead to adverse health outcomes during later childhood and into adulthood, especially in families experiencing economic hardship. Families experiencing economic hardship may also experience food insecurity, which can impact child development and responsive feeding, an important target for obesity prevention in early life. The Family Stress Model suggests that stress, particularly economic hardship, can negatively impact parents' mental health, parenting, and quality of family relationships. This review proposes a conceptual model that expands upon the original Family Stress Model by including parent-child dyadic interactions during feeding (i.e., responsive feeding) as well as the coparenting relationship around feeding. Our conceptual model integrates responsive feeding into the Family Stress Model and includes the impact of food insecurity on feeding and child health outcomes. Such models that consider multiple influences on child development have implications for the design of effective interventions to promote healthy growth for entire families. Future directions in this research will empirically test the model and explore early intervention strategies that aim to promote responsive feeding, nutrition security, and health within families. Continuing interdisciplinary research between the fields of nutrition and family development will be key to addressing the complex interplay of family stressors, parent responsiveness, and childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara F Ruggiero
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Trexberg
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Amy M Moore
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cao Q, Feigenson L. Children's representation of coincidence. Cognition 2024; 250:105854. [PMID: 38941764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
People relish thinking about coincidences-we puzzle over their meanings and delight in conveying our experiences of them to others. But whereas some research has begun to explore how coincidences are represented by adults, little is known about the early development of these representations. Here we explored factors influencing coincidence representations in both adults and children. Across two experiments, participants read stories describing co-occurring events and then judged whether these constituted coincidences. In Experiment 1 we found that adults' coincidence judgments were highly sensitive to the presence or absence of plausible explanations: as expected, adults were more likely to judge co-occurrences as a coincidence when no explanation was available. Importantly, their coincidence judgments were also modulated by the number of events that co-occurred. Adults tended to reject scenarios involving too many co-occurring events as coincidences regardless of whether an explanation was present, suggesting that observing suspiciously many co-occurrences triggered them to infer their own underlying explanation (and thus blocking the events' interpretation as a coincidence). In Experiment 2 we found that 4- to 10-year-old children also represent coincidences, and identify them via the absence of plausible explanations. Older children, like adults, rejected suspiciously large numbers of co-occurring events as coincidental, whereas younger children did not exhibit this sensitivity. Overall, these results suggest that representation of coincidence is available from early in life, but undergoes developmental change during the early school-age years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Cao
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, USA.
| | - Lisa Feigenson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kısa YD, Goldin-Meadow S, Casasanto D. Gesturing during disfluent speech: A pragmatic account. Cognition 2024; 250:105855. [PMID: 38865912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
People are more likely to gesture when their speech is disfluent. Why? According to an influential proposal, speakers gesture when they are disfluent because gesturing helps them to produce speech. Here, we test an alternative proposal: People may gesture when their speech is disfluent because gestures serve as a pragmatic signal, telling the listener that the speaker is having problems with speaking. To distinguish between these proposals, we tested the relationship between gestures and speech disfluencies when listeners could see speakers' gestures and when they were prevented from seeing their gestures. If gesturing helps speakers to produce words, then the relationship between gesture and disfluency should persist regardless of whether gestures can be seen. Alternatively, if gestures during disfluent speech are pragmatically motivated, then the tendency to gesture more when speech is disfluent should disappear when the speaker's gestures are invisible to the listener. Results showed that speakers were more likely to gesture when their speech was disfluent, but only when the listener could see their gestures and not when the listener was prevented from seeing them, supporting a pragmatic account of the relationship between gestures and disfluencies. People tend to gesture more when speaking is difficult, not because gesturing facilitates speech production, but rather because gestures comment on the speaker's difficulty presenting an utterance to the listener.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Deniz Kısa
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rodrigues MM, De Sá Teixeira N. Motion extrapolation in sport expertise: Representational momentum and representational gravity in volleyball athletes. Cognition 2024; 250:105869. [PMID: 38971021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
When people indicate the vanishing location of a moving target that suddenly disappears, systematic errors forward (in the direction of motion) and downward (in the direction of gravity) emerge. These spatial displacements were coined, respectively, Representational Momentum and Representational Gravity, and are believed to reflect internalized ecologically relevant physical invariants useful for the anticipation of future states of an event. Previous research has shown that sports athletes exhibit increased Representational Momentum, indicating enhanced motion extrapolation and anticipation, albeit it is still not clear up to what degree this effect is specific for the expertise context or if it generalizes to other dynamic events. Furthermore, the influence of expertise on Representational Gravity, particularly in contexts where anticipation of vertically moving objects is crucial, remains understudied. This study aimed to address these gaps by focusing on Volleyball as a context of expertise due to the prevalence of fast vertically moving balls. Volleyball athletes and non-athletes indicated the perceived offset location of a smoothly moving target, which moved at a constant speed or was subjected to acceleration/deceleration, embedded either in a Volleyball or neutral context. Outcomes revealed that for the Volleyball context, athletes, but not non-athletes, revealed a significant trend to misperceive targets moving along the left diagonal to be further displaced forward beyond what would be expected due to Representational Momentum alone. This finding is discussed in relation to the natural statistics of Volleyball games, where crossed ball trajectories, particularly by the outside hitter, are more prevalent, fast, and offensive, requiring better anticipation to be efficiently dealt with.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M Rodrigues
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno De Sá Teixeira
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Giovanelli E, Valzolgher C, Gessa E, Rosi T, Visentin C, Prodi N, Pavani F. Metacognition for hearing in noise: a comparison between younger and older adults. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:869-890. [PMID: 37971362 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2281691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Metacognition entails knowledge of one's own cognitive skills, perceived self-efficacy and locus of control when performing a task, and performance monitoring. Age-related changes in metacognition have been observed in metamemory, whereas their occurrence for hearing remained unknown. We tested 30 older and 30 younger adults with typical hearing, to assess if age reduces metacognition for hearing sentences in noise. Metacognitive monitoring for older and younger adults was overall comparable. In fact, the older group achieved better monitoring for words in the second part of the phrase. Additionally, only older adults showed a correlation between performance and perceived confidence. No age differentiation was found for locus of control, knowledge or self-efficacy. This suggests intact metacognitive skills for hearing in noise in older adults, alongside a somewhat paradoxical overconfidence in younger adults. These findings support exploiting metacognition for older adults dealing with noisy environments, since metacognition is central for implementing self-regulation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giovanelli
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Chiara Valzolgher
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Elena Gessa
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Tommaso Rosi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Visentin
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Prodi
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Pavani
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca "Cognizione, Linguaggio e Sordità" - CIRCLeS, Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tyne WP, Fletcher D, Paine NJ, Stevinson C. Effects of outdoor recreational physical challenges on general self-efficacy: A randomized controlled trial. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 74:102693. [PMID: 38960348 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Outdoor programs involving recreational physical challenges are becoming increasingly popular for training and development purposes among adults, but rigorous studies investigating their effectiveness remain scarce. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of an outdoor adventure-based program on measures of self-efficacy, resilience, risk-taking propensity, and perceived stress. Participants were randomly assigned either to an intervention condition (half-day high ropes course) or a wait-list control group. Measures were taken at baseline and four days post-intervention and on the day to measure intervention perceptions. Significant increases in self-efficacy and risk-taking propensity were observed for the intervention arm compared to the control arm. Greater intervention engagement and affective valence ratings were associated with self-efficacy change. These findings highlight the practical relevance of adventure-based experiences for organizations and educational institutions seeking to enhance young adults' self-confidence. Additionally, they emphasize the importance of tailoring interventions to individual needs and ensuring positive participant experiences to achieve desired outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P Tyne
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK.
| | - David Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
| | - Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
| | - Clare Stevinson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Patel TA, Cole SL, Cougle JR. Correlates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder among individuals with DSM-5 social anxiety disorder: A population based study. J Affect Disord 2024; 360:55-61. [PMID: 38821365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) commonly cooccurs with social anxiety disorder (SAD). With changes to diagnostic criteria of psychiatric disorders in the DSM-5, the present study sought to observe the associations between daily alcohol use, AUD, and social anxiety in a large sample of individuals with lifetime (N = 1255) and past-year (N = 908) SAD. The sample was derived from a large nationally representative study of adults in the United States. Of note, we found that at the symptom level, daily alcohol use and AUD were significantly related to panic attacks due to social anxiety, subjective distress, and impairment in relationships. Daily alcohol use and AUD were significantly associated with lifetime SAD severity; however, only past-year daily alcohol use was significantly related to past-year SAD severity. We also found that AUD was significantly related to greater treatment-seeking for SAD, and both AUD and daily alcohol use were significantly associated with lifetime history of suicide attempts even after covarying for SAD severity. The present study provides an updated investigation of alcohol use in individuals with DSM-5 SAD, and it underscores the significance of daily alcohol use as an important factor to consider in individuals with SAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan A Patel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America.
| | - Sally L Cole
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Jesse R Cougle
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kaesler M, Dunn JC, Semmler C. Clarifying the effects of sequential item presentation in the police lineup task. Cognition 2024; 250:105840. [PMID: 38908303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has reported diverging patterns of results with respect to discriminability and response bias when comparing the simultaneous lineup to two different lineup procedures in which items are presented sequentially, the sequential stopping rule lineup and the UK lineup. In a single large sample experiment, we compared discriminability and response bias in six-item photographic lineups presented either simultaneously, sequentially with a stopping rule, or sequentially requiring two full laps through the items before making an identification and including the ability to revisit items, analogous to the UK lineup procedure. Discriminability was greater for the simultaneous lineup compared to the sequential stopping rule lineup, despite a non-significant difference in empirical discriminability between the procedures. There was no significant difference in discriminability when comparing the simultaneous lineup to the sequential two lineup and the sequential two lap lineup to the sequential stopping rule lineup. Responding was most lenient for the sequential two lap lineup, followed by the simultaneous lineup, followed by the sequential lineup. These results imply that sequential item presentation may not exert a large effect in isolation on discriminability and response bias. Rather, discriminability and response bias in the sequential stopping rule lineup and UK lineup result from the interaction of sequential item presentation with other aspects of these procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John C Dunn
- University of Western Australia, Australia; Edith Cowan University, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stevenson RJ, Serebro J, Mruk A, Martin-Rivera D, Wyver S, Francis HM. Caregivers' Attention Toward, and Response to, Their Child's Interoceptive Hunger and Thirst Cues. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22531. [PMID: 39039660 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
People can use their internal state to determine if they are hungry or thirsty. Although the meaning of some interoceptive cues may be innate (e.g., pain), it is possible that others-including those for hunger and thirst-are acquired. There has been little exploration of this idea in humans. Consequently, we conducted a survey among child caregivers to determine if the basic conditions necessary for interoceptive learning were present. Two-hundred and thirty-five caregivers of children aged 1-12 years were asked if they had recently noticed stomach rumbling, hunger-related irritability, and a dry mouth in their child. They were also asked how they would respond. The impact of several moderating variables, especially caregiver beliefs about the causes of hunger, fullness, and thirst, was also explored. Fifteen percent of caregivers had recently noticed stomach rumbling in their child, 28% hunger-related irritability, and 14% a dry mouth. Forty-four percent of caregivers had noticed at least one of these three cues. Noticing hunger cues was significantly moderated by caregiver beliefs about their cause, by child age, and in one case by temporal context (around vs. outside mealtimes). Key caregiver responses were providing the need (e.g., offer food) and/or asking the child if they had a need (e.g., hungry?). Each type of response could potentially support a different form of interoceptive learning. In conclusion, we suggest the necessary conditions for children to learn interoceptive hunger and thirst cues, are present in many caregiver-offspring dyads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Stevenson
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Serebro
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Mruk
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Shirley Wyver
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heather M Francis
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kronenberger WG, Castellanos I, Pisoni DB. Association of domain-general speed of information processing with spoken language outcomes in prelingually-deaf children with cochlear implants. Hear Res 2024; 450:109069. [PMID: 38889562 PMCID: PMC11260235 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Spoken language development after pediatric cochlear implantation requires rapid and efficient processing of novel, degraded auditory signals and linguistic information. These demands for rapid adaptation tax the information processing speed ability of children who receive cochlear implants. This study investigated the association of speed of information processing ability with spoken language outcomes after cochlear implantation in prelingually deaf children aged 4-6 years. Two domain-general (visual, non-linguistic) speed of information processing measures were administered to 21 preschool-aged children with cochlear implants and 23 normal-hearing peers. Measures of speech recognition, language (vocabulary and comprehension), nonverbal intelligence, and executive functioning skills were also obtained from each participant. Speed of information processing was positively associated with speech recognition and language skills in preschool-aged children with cochlear implants but not in normal-hearing peers. This association remained significant after controlling for hearing group, age, nonverbal intelligence, and executive functioning skills. These findings are consistent with models suggesting that domain-general, fast-efficient information processing speed underlies adaptation to speech perception and language learning following implantation. Assessment and intervention strategies targeting speed of information processing may provide better understanding and development of speech-language skills after cochlear implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William G Kronenberger
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Irina Castellanos
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David B Pisoni
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vauclin P, Wheat J, Wagman JB, Seifert L. The effect of experience on the perception of affordances for aperture crossing in cycling. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 74:102698. [PMID: 38972558 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
To ride successfully and safely, cyclists must perceive and act on the affordances that are available in a given situation. This study investigated whether experience in perceiving and acting with respect to a person-plus-object system would influence whether and how a person choses to cross an aperture of different widths, especially in relation to their maximal action capabilities. We also explore whether the distribution of action modes reflects this effect. We examined the performance (i.e., the probability of successfully crossing the aperture) and the decision (i.e., the probability of attempting to cross the aperture) of 8 experienced cyclists and 16 occasional cyclists in an aperture crossing task. In term of performance, experienced cyclists demonstrated greater ability to cross narrower apertures than occasional cyclists, but there were no such differences when aperture width was scaled to maximal action capabilities. In term of decision, both experienced and occasional cyclists tended to over-estimate their abilities, but the experienced cyclists did so to a greater extent. Our findings indicate that experience improves the ability to perform more complex tasks due to utilizing a wider repertoire of actions, but not necessarily the ability to perceive and actualize (action-scaled) affordances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Vauclin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, CETAPS UR 3832, F-76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Jonathan Wheat
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
| | - Jeffrey B Wagman
- Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal, USA
| | - Ludovic Seifert
- Univ Rouen Normandie, CETAPS UR 3832, F-76000 Rouen, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Walsh BE, Manzler CA, Noyes ET, Schlauch RC. Examining the daily reciprocal relations between alcohol abstinence self-efficacy and drinking among non-treatment seeking individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Addict Behav 2024; 156:108068. [PMID: 38772225 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Theoretical and empirical models of alcohol use and misuse indicate that abstinence self-efficacy (ASE) predicts improvements in treatment outcomes among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). More recently, studies have begun examining daily fluctuations in ASE to better understand in-the-moment determinants of drinking behaviors. With the goal of assessing how ASE is implicated in maintenance (rather than changing) of hazardous drinking patterns, the current study examined daily reciprocal relations between ASE and drinking among individuals with AUD. Non-treatment seeking adults (n = 63) with AUD were recruited and completed daily surveys assessing ASE and drinking behaviors for 14 days. Data were analyzed using time-lagged multilevel modeling. Results indicated that both within- and between-person elevations in ASE predicted decreased likelihood of drinking, but only within-person ASE predicted fewer drinks consumed on drinking days. Previous-day drinking behavior was unrelated to next-day ASE; however, higher percentage of drinking days during the monitoring period (between-person) was associated with lower daily ASE. These results demonstrate that confidence in one's ability to abstain from drinking varies considerably across days, and that fluctuations may be implicated in daily drinking decisions. The lack of effect of previous-day drinking on ASE (combined with the significant effect of average drinking frequency) may suggest that sustained periods of reduced drinking or abstinence are necessary to impact ASE. This study points to ASE's role in the maintenance of daily drinking behavior among non-treatment-seeking individuals with AUD and reiterates the importance of self-efficacy in behavioral control and decision-making at the daily level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan E Walsh
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 3711 USF Citrus Drive, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Charles A Manzler
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 3711 USF Citrus Drive, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Emily T Noyes
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 3711 USF Citrus Drive, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Robert C Schlauch
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 3711 USF Citrus Drive, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ramey MM, Yonelinas AP, Henderson JM. How schema knowledge influences memory in older adults: Filling in the gaps, or leading memory astray? Cognition 2024; 250:105826. [PMID: 38875942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Age-related declines in episodic memory do not affect all types of mnemonic information equally: when to-be-remembered information is in line with one's prior knowledge, or schema-congruent, older adults often show no impairments. There are two major accounts of this effect: One proposes that schemas compensate for memory failures in aging, and the other proposes that schemas instead actively impair older adults' otherwise intact memory for incongruent information. However, the evidence thus far is inconclusive, likely due to methodological constraints in teasing apart these complex underlying dynamics. We developed a paradigm that separately examines the contributions of underlying memory and schema knowledge to a final memory decision, allowing these dynamics to be examined directly. In the present study, healthy older and younger adults first searched for target objects in congruent or incongruent locations within scenes. In a subsequent test, participants indicated where in each scene the target had been located previously, and provided confidence-based recognition memory judgments that indexed underlying memory, in terms of recollection and familiarity, for the background scenes. We found that age-related increases in schema effects on target location spatial recall were predicted and statistically mediated by age-related increases in underlying memory failures, specifically within recollection. We also found that, relative to younger adults, older adults had poorer spatial memory precision within recollected scenes but slightly better precision within familiar scenes-and age increases in schema bias were primarily exhibited within recollected scenes. Interestingly, however, there were also slight age-related increases in schema effects that could not be explained by memory deficits alone, outlining a role for active schema influences as well. Together, these findings support the account that age-related schema effects on memory are compensatory in that they are driven primarily by underlying memory failures, and further suggest that age-related deficits in memory precision may also drive schema effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Ramey
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Andrew P Yonelinas
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John M Henderson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bojanić L, Turnbull P, Ibrahim S, Flynn S, Kapur N, Appleby L, Hunt IM. Suicide-related internet use among mental health patients who died by suicide in the UK: a national clinical survey with case-control analysis. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2024; 44:100991. [PMID: 39040089 PMCID: PMC11262162 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Suicide-related internet use (SRIU) has been shown to be linked to suicide. However, there is limited research on SRIU among mental health patients, who are at 4 to 7 times increased risk of suicide compared to the general population. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the prevalence of SRIU among mental health patients who died by suicide in the UK and describing their characteristics. Methods The study was carried out as part of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH). Data were collected on sociodemographic, clinical, suicide characteristics and engagement in SRIU of patients who died by suicide between 2011 and 2021. The study utilised a case-control design to compare patients who engaged in suicide-related internet use with those who did not. Findings The presence or absence of SRIU was known for 9875/17,347 (57%) patients; SRIU was known to be present in 759/9875 (8%) patients. The internet was most often used to obtain information on suicide methods (n = 523/759, 69%) and to visit pro-suicide websites (n = 250/759, 33%) with a significant overlap between the two (n = 152/759, 20%). Engaging in SRIU was present across all age groups. The case-control element of the study showed patients who were known to have engaged in SRIU were more likely to have been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.43-3.18), have a history of childhood abuse (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.36-2.13) and to have received psychological treatment (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.18-1.74) than controls. Additionally, these patients were more likely to have died on or near a salient date (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.61-2.76), such as a birthday or anniversary. Interpretation The findings affirm SRIU as a feature of suicide among patients of all ages and highlight that clinicians should inquire about SRIU during assessments. Importantly, as the most common type of SRIU can expand knowledge on suicide means, clinicians need to be aware of the association between SRIU and choice of methods. This may be particularly relevant for patients approaching a significant calendar event. Funding The Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Bojanić
- National Confidential Inquiry Into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pauline Turnbull
- National Confidential Inquiry Into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Saied Ibrahim
- National Confidential Inquiry Into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandra Flynn
- National Confidential Inquiry Into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Navneet Kapur
- National Confidential Inquiry Into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Research Collaboration, Manchester, UK
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louis Appleby
- National Confidential Inquiry Into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Isabelle M. Hunt
- National Confidential Inquiry Into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH), Centre for Mental Health and Safety, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gessner J, Schulz JO, Melzig CA, Benke C. Role of interoceptive fear and maladaptive attention and behaviors in the escalation of psychopathology-a network analysis. Cogn Behav Ther 2024; 53:524-543. [PMID: 38593025 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2024.2336036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The complex interplay of fear, attention, and behavior toward bodily sensations with psychopathological symptoms and how they mutually influence and potentially reinforce one another remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we used a network analytical approach to unravel these complex interactions. Specifically, we aimed to identify central symptoms and etiologically relevant factors that might be associated with anxiety and depressive core symptoms. To this end, the following clusters were assessed in 791 adults: interoceptive fear, interoceptive attention, maladaptive behaviors related to bodily sensations, and core symptoms of anxiety and depression. This network was modeled using a Gaussian Graphical Model. Central variables (nodes) were identified using centrality indices and bridge analysis. Self-examination and attention to bodily sensations emerged as central nodes. Moreover, time spent paying attention to bodily sensations, fear of anxiety-related sensations, and self-examination were identified as central bridge nodes, that is, central nodes connecting psychopathologically relevant symptom clusters. The present study indicates that fear of bodily sensations, the amount of attention and time spent focusing on somatic sensations, and self-examination are central factors. The findings suggest potential targets for future longitudinal studies on the impact of these factors for the escalation of anxiety and depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gessner
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Ole Schulz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Melzig
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, CMBB, Philipps University Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christoph Benke
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Knöbel S, Borchert A, Gatzmaga N, Heilmann F, Musculus L, Laborde S, Lautenbach F. The impact of soccer-specific psychophysiological stress on inhibition and cognitive flexibility in elite youth players. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 74:102682. [PMID: 38821249 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
While researchers and practitioners attribute an essential role to executive functions (EFs) for soccer performance, the usefulness of respective diagnostics and the predictive value remain unclear. One limitation restricting the translation and relevance of study results to improve actual game performance is the insufficient consideration of competitive conditions. Thus, this study aimed to conduct soccer-specific cognitive diagnostics under a soccer-specific psychophysiological stress condition, mimicing the demands of a competitive game. A total of 92 (Mage = 15.17, SDage = 1.45) youth elite players performed tests for inhibition (flanker task) or cognitive flexibility (number-letter task) with a soccer-specific motor response (i.e., pass into goals). After a pre-test in a neutral condition, players were randomly assigned to a neutral (moderate soccer-specific exercise) or a stress condition (physical stress and competitive instructions and filming for psychological stress). Objective (i.e., cortisol, heart rate variability) and subjective stress-related measures (i.e., SAM, VAS) were assessed six times throughout experimental procedure. Analyses revealed significant interaction effects between time and condition for all objective and subjective variables indicating a successful experimental stress induction. For cognitive performance, results revealed significant main effects of time, but no significant interaction effects between time and condition. However, descriptive statistics suggested improved performance under stress, with decreased flanker effect and switch costs. Additionally, response time variability in the flanker task significantly decreased in the stress condition. These findings offer insights into individual stress perception and processing under game-related psychophysiological demands, expanding previous research on situational EF alterations that also hold relevance for applied practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Knöbel
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Sport Science, Chair of Sport Psychology, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany; Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - A Borchert
- RasenBallsport Leipzig GmbH, Cottaweg 3, 04177, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - N Gatzmaga
- RasenBallsport Leipzig GmbH, Cottaweg 3, 04177, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - F Heilmann
- Movement Science Lab, Institute of Sport Science, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 2, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - L Musculus
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Psychology, Dept. Performance Psychology, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
| | - S Laborde
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Psychology, Dept. Performance Psychology, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
| | - F Lautenbach
- Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lázaro M, Simón T, Escalonilla A, Ruiz T. Mind the suffix: Pseudoword processing in children and adults. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 245:105977. [PMID: 38824689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Previous evidence has shown that pseudowords made up of real morphemes take more time to process and generate more errors than pseudowords without morphemes in a lexical decision task. The explanation for these results is controversial because two possible arguments may be posited; the first is related to the morphological composition of the stimuli, and the second is related to the larger semantic interpretability of pseudowords with morphemes in comparison with pseudowords without morphemes (a semantic-based explanation). To disentangle this issue, we conducted an experiment with 92 children and 42 adults. For this purpose, a lexical decision task was implemented, controlling for semantic interpretability while manipulating the morphological status of pseudowords. The results show that the morphological composition of pseudowords generates larger latencies and more errors than pseudowords without morphemes, thereby corroborating that morphemes are activated during pseudoword processing even in the case of young readers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Lázaro
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes, and Speech and Language Therapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa Simón
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes, and Speech and Language Therapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainoa Escalonilla
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes, and Speech and Language Therapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Ruiz
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Thurley J, Buades-Rotger M, Serfling G, Howaldt T, Reisch N, Krämer UM. Reduced threat avoidance but increased stress induced approach bias in women taking oral contraceptives. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107111. [PMID: 38943719 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has increasingly acknowledged the impact of oral contraceptives on affective behavior and stress responses; however, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Studies have previously shown that steroid hormones modulate automatic approach and avoidance behavior. Here, we thus investigated the effects of oral contraceptives on approach and avoidance behavior and whether these effects are modulated by stress. The study comprised 130 female participants, half of whom were using oral contraceptives, while the other half were not using any hormonal contraception (NC). The participants completed the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT), which measures automatic approach and avoidance behavior to socio-affective signals. The AAT was run once before and once after a stress manipulation using the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test. OC users showed absent avoidance behavior to social threat signals and a stress-induced increase in approach behavior to positive social signals. The latter was found in particular in women taking androgenic acting OC, demonstrating that different OC preparations need to be taken into account in research on OC effects. However, OC and NC group did not differ in their cortisol stress response. Overall, the results suggest that OC usage impacts on approach and avoidance behavior to social signals, which might also contribute to the development of affective side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Macià Buades-Rotger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georg Serfling
- Medizinische Klinik I und Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Reisch
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike M Krämer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lee S, Randolph SB, Baum CM, Nicholas ML, Connor LT. Social participation mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and loneliness among people with stroke during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study. Top Stroke Rehabil 2024; 31:585-594. [PMID: 38345063 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2024.2312639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People post-stroke experience increased loneliness, compared to their healthy peers and loneliness may have increased during COVID due to social distancing. How social distancing affected loneliness among people after stroke is unknown. Bandura's self-efficacy theory suggests that self-efficacy may be a critical component affecting individuals' emotions, behaviors, attitudes, and interpretation of everyday situations. Additionally, previous studies indicate that self-efficacy is associated with both loneliness and social participation. This study investigates relationships among self-efficacy, social participation, and loneliness in people with stroke. OBJECTIVES Determine how social participation affects the relationship between self-efficacy and loneliness in people with stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS 44 participants were community-dwelling individuals, ≥ 6 months post-stroke who participated in a 2-hour phone interview. A regression-based mediation analysis was conducted using these measures: Participation Strategies Self-Efficacy Scale, Activity Card Sort for social participation, and UCLA Loneliness Scale for loneliness. RESULTS The total effect of self-efficacy on loneliness was significant (b = -0.36, p = .01). However, social participation fully mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and loneliness (indirect effect, b = -0.11, 95% CI [-0.24, -0.01]; direct effect, b = -0.25, 95% CI [-0.03, 0]). CONCLUSIONS Self-efficacy is associated with both social participation and loneliness in people with stroke in this cross-sectional study. Mediation analysis findings suggest that interventions focused on increasing social participation may prevent or potentially alleviate loneliness in people with stroke who have low self-efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SangJin Lee
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samantha B Randolph
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carolyn M Baum
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marjorie L Nicholas
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Tabor Connor
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chan JYC, Mazzocco MMM. New measures of number line estimation performance reveal children's ordinal understanding of numbers. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 245:105965. [PMID: 38823358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Children's performance on the number line estimation task, often measured by the percentage of absolute error, predicts their later mathematics achievement. This task may also reveal (a) children's ordinal understanding of the target numbers in relation to each other and the benchmarks (e.g., endpoints, midpoint) and (b) the ordinal skills that are a necessary precursor to children's ability to understand the interval nature of a number line as measured by percentage of absolute error. Using data from 104 U.S. kindergartners, we measured whether children's estimates were correctly sequenced across trials and correctly positioned relative to given benchmarks within trials at two time points. For both time points, we found that each ordinal error measure revealed a distinct pattern of data distribution, providing opportunities to tap into different aspects of children's ordinal understanding. Furthermore, children who made fewer ordinal errors scored higher on the Test of Early Mathematics Ability and showed greater improvement on their interval understanding of numbers as reflected by a larger reduction of percentage of absolute error from Time 1 to Time 2. The findings suggest that our number line measures reveal individual differences in children's ordinal understanding of numbers, and that such understanding may be a precursor to their interval understanding and later mathematics performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Yun-Chen Chan
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Michèle M M Mazzocco
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Supriya K, Bang C, Ebie J, Pagliarulo C, Tucker D, Villegas K, Wright C, Brownell S. Optional Exam Retakes Reduce Anxiety but may Exacerbate Score Disparities Between Students with Different Social Identities. CBE LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION 2024; 23:ar30. [PMID: 38900940 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.21-11-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Use of high-stakes exams in a course has been associated with gender, racial, and socioeconomic inequities. We investigated whether offering students the opportunity to retake an exam makes high-stakes exams more equitable. Following the control value theory of achievement emotions, we hypothesized that exam retakes would increase students' perceived control over their performance and decrease the value of a single exam attempt, thereby maximizing exam performance. We collected data on exam scores and experiences with retakes from three large introductory biology courses and assessed the effect of optional exam retakes on gender, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in exam scores. We found that Black/African American students and those who worked more than 20 h a week were less likely to retake exams. While exam retakes significantly improved student scores, they slightly increased racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in scores partly because of these differences in participation rates. Most students reported that retake opportunities reduced their anxiety on the initial exam attempt. Together our results suggest that optional exam retakes could be a useful tool to improve student performance and reduce anxiety associated with high-stakes exams. However, barriers to participation must be examined and reduced for retakes to reduce disparities in scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Supriya
- Research for Inclusive STEM Education Center, School of Life Sciences, and
- Center for Education Innovation and Learning in the Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Christofer Bang
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Jessica Ebie
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | | | - Derek Tucker
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Kaela Villegas
- Research for Inclusive STEM Education Center, School of Life Sciences, and
| | - Christian Wright
- Research for Inclusive STEM Education Center, School of Life Sciences, and
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Sara Brownell
- Research for Inclusive STEM Education Center, School of Life Sciences, and
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rabinovitch A, Myślińska-Szarek K, Cantarero K, Byrka K. Eating pigs, not Peppa Pig: The effect of identifiability on children's propensity to humanize, befriend, and consume edible animals. Appetite 2024; 200:107505. [PMID: 38782095 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This research aimed to provide experimental evidence on whether identifying an edible animal by a name and specific preferences encourages children to perceive the animal as more similar to humans, increases their willingness to befriend the animal, and makes them less willing to consume it. In two pre-registered studies involving 208 preschool children, participants were presented with pictures of pigs (Study 1) and chickens (Study 2). In the identifiability condition, one animal was depicted with individual qualities such as a name and personal preferences, while in the non-identifiability condition, animals were portrayed with characteristics representative of the entire species. The children then rated their desire to befriend and consume the animal, while in Study 2, they also rated the animal's similarity to humans. The results revealed that animal identifiability led to higher perceived similarity to humans, increased the desire to befriend it, and reduced inclination to consume the animal. These findings highlight animal identifiability's powerful and robust effect on children's attitudes toward edible animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Cantarero
- SWPS University, Social Behavior Research Center, Faculty in Sopot/Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Byrka
- SWPS University, Social Behavior Research Center, Faculty in Sopot/Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lorcery A, André N, Benraïss A, Pingault M, Mirabelli F, Audiffren M. Engagement of mental effort in response to mental fatigue: A psychophysiological analysis. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 74:102660. [PMID: 38734281 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Acute mental fatigue, characterized by a transient decline in cognitive efficiency during or following prolonged cognitive tasks, can be managed through adaptive effort deployment. In response to mental fatigue, individuals can employ two main behavioral patterns: engaging a compensatory effort to limit performance decrements, or disengaging effort, leading to performance deterioration. This study investigated the behavioral pattern used by participants in mental fatigue conditions. Fifty participants underwent a sequential-task protocol with counterbalanced sessions who took place in two separate sessions: a 30-min incongruent Stroop task (fatiguing session) or a 30-min documentary viewing task (control session), followed by a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) handgrip task at 13 % of maximal voluntary contraction. Psychophysiological measures included the preejection period, heart rate variability, blood pressure, and respiration. Behavioral results showed deteriorated TTE handgrip performance after the Stroop task compared to after the documentary viewing task. During the Stroop task participants were more conservative and prioritized accuracy over speed. Self-reported fatigue was greater after the Stroop task. Psychophysiological data revealed a gradual decrease in sympathetic activity over time in both tasks, with the Stroop task showing a more pronounced decrease. Taken together, these findings suggest a disengagement of effort for a large proportion of participants (49 %) that could be partly attributed to a habituation to the demands of the Stroop task. This study illustrates the interplay of behavioral patterns of effort investment in the context of mental fatigue and underscores the role of disengagement as a dominant response to this phenomenon among healthy participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Lorcery
- Research Centre on Cognition and Learning, University of Poitiers, CNRS, France.
| | - Nathalie André
- Research Centre on Cognition and Learning, University of Poitiers, CNRS, France
| | - Abdelrhani Benraïss
- Research Centre on Cognition and Learning, University of Poitiers, CNRS, France
| | - Maxime Pingault
- Research Centre on Cognition and Learning, University of Poitiers, CNRS, France
| | - Francesco Mirabelli
- Health and Physical Activity Faculty, Università Degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Michel Audiffren
- Research Centre on Cognition and Learning, University of Poitiers, CNRS, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sturman D, Bell EA, Auton JC, Breakey GR, Wiggins MW. The roles of phishing knowledge, cue utilization, and decision styles in phishing email detection. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 119:104309. [PMID: 38729025 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the roles of phishing knowledge, cue utilization, and decision styles in contributing to phishing email detection. Participants (N = 145) completed an online email sorting task, and measures of phishing knowledge, email decision styles, cue utilization, and email security awareness. Cue utilization was the only factor that uniquely predicted the capacity to discriminate phishing from genuine emails. Phishing knowledge was associated with greater phishing detection and a bias towards classifying all emails as phishing. A preference for intuitive decision making predicted lower detection of phishing emails, driven by a greater tendency to classify emails as genuine. These findings support the proposition that cue utilization is a distinct cognitive process that enables expert performance. The outcomes indicate that, in addition to increasing phishing knowledge and developing safe behavioral patterns, anti-phishing training needs to provide opportunities for trainees to develop meaningful cue associations.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lanssens A, Desender K, Gillebert CR. Evidence for an age-related decline in feature-based attention. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:846-868. [PMID: 37860978 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2271583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Feature-based attention allows to efficiently guide attention to relevant information in the visual scene, but unambiguous empirical evidence on age-related effects is still limited. In this study, young and older participants performed a two-alternative forced choice task in which a response was selected based on a task-relevant number (=target) presented alone or with a task-irrelevant letter (=neutral distracter) or number (=compatible/incompatible distracter). Participants were required to select the target based on color. To compare the behavioral interference of the distracters between the age groups, data were modeled with a hierarchical drift-diffusion model. The results revealed that decreases in the rate at which information was collected in the conditions with versus without a distracter were more pronounced in the older than young age group when the distracter was compatible or incompatible. Our findings are consistent with an age-related decline in the ability to filter out distracters based on features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armien Lanssens
- Department of Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kobe Desender
- Department of Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celine R Gillebert
- Department of Brain and Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang Y, Zhou W, Zhu J, Su Y. Schadenfreude or empathy? Children's emotional responses to the physical pain and pleasure of prosocial and antisocial others. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 245:105974. [PMID: 38823357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Adults' emotional reactions to the pain and pleasure of others are influenced by the moral character of those individuals. However, it remains unclear whether children's emotional responses also show such selectivity. To investigate this, we compared 4- to 8-year-old children's emotional responses to the physical pain and pleasure of prosocial versus antisocial puppets. In Study 1, children reported unhappiness after witnessing the pain of the prosocial and antisocial puppets but reported less unhappiness after witnessing the pain of the antisocial puppet. In Study 2, children reported happiness after witnessing the pleasure of both puppets but reported being less happy for the antisocial puppet. These results suggest that children are less likely to empathize with antisocial individuals. Meanwhile, children did not display Schadenfreude (pleasure at others' pain) or Gluckschmerz (displeasure at others' pleasure) toward antisocial individuals in our studies. Moreover, the selectivity of children's emotional responses disappeared after we manipulated the physical competence rather than the moral character of the puppets in Study 3. Our findings help to reveal the moral selectivity of emotional responses to others' pleasure and pain during early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Division of Social Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316, China
| | - Jingyun Zhu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanjie Su
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
McClure JHC, Elwell C, Jones T, Mirković J, Cole SN. On second thoughts: Testing the underlying mechanisms of spontaneous future thought. Cognition 2024; 250:105863. [PMID: 38924875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The human capacity to imagine possible future events unintentionally, with minimal cognitive effort, is termed spontaneous future thought (SFT). This paper addresses an important theoretical question for cognitive science: What are the possible cognitive mechanisms underlying such SFT experiences? We contrasted three hypotheses present in the literature: the online construction hypothesis, the recasting hypothesis, and the memories of future thoughts hypothesis. Study 1 (N = 41) used novel subjective ratings which challenged the recasting mechanism: SFTs were mostly rated as dissimilar to autobiographical memories, suggesting they are not simply past experiences 'recast' as future events. Study 2 (N = 90) used a novel experimental paradigm, comparing effects of voluntary episodic future constructions and non-personal narratives upon subsequent spontaneous thought sampling. Results suggested that voluntary future constructions remain accessible to spontaneous retrieval, supporting the memories of future thoughts hypothesis. This finding, and other data presented across the two studies, still indicates a role for online construction processes in SFT, but further empirical work is needed to clarify how and when constructive processes are engaged in SFT. Taken together, these two studies represent initial efforts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying SFT, providing the first proof-of-principle that deliberately envisioned future events can reappear, without intention, in consciousness at some later time, and further supporting the dual process account of future thinking. These methods and findings provide a firm basis for subsequent experimental and longitudinal research on SFT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Helgi Clayton McClure
- School of Education, Language & Psychology, York St John University, York, YO31 7EX, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Elwell
- School of Education, Language & Psychology, York St John University, York, YO31 7EX, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Jones
- School of Education, Language & Psychology, York St John University, York, YO31 7EX, United Kingdom
| | - Jelena Mirković
- School of Education, Language & Psychology, York St John University, York, YO31 7EX, United Kingdom
| | - Scott N Cole
- School of Education, Language & Psychology, York St John University, York, YO31 7EX, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Simpson D, Nash K. Applying process dissociation to self-sacrificial moral dilemmas: Extending the dual-process model. Cognition 2024; 250:105873. [PMID: 38986291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence linking cognitive reflection with utilitarian judgments in dilemmas that involve sacrificing someone else for the greater good. However, the evidence is mixed on the question of whether cognitive reflection is associated with utilitarian judgments in self-sacrificial dilemmas. We employed process dissociation to extract a self-sacrificial utilitarian (SU) parameter, an altruism (A) parameter, an other-sacrificial (OU) utilitarian parameter, and a deontology (D) parameter. In Study 1, the cognitive reflection test (CRT) positively correlated with both SU and OU (replicated in Studies 2 and 4, pre-registered). In Study 2, we found that instructing participants to rely on reason increased SU and OU (replicated in Study 4, pre-registered). In Study 3, we found that SU and OU positively correlated with giving in the single-game version of the public goods game (replicated in Study 4, pre-registered), which provides behavioral validation that they are genuine moral tendencies. Together, these studies constitute strong cumulative evidence that SU and OU are both valid measures that are associated with reliance on cognitive reflection.
Collapse
|
48
|
Kuntz JC, Moorfield J. Exploring athletes' gendered views of coaches and their impact of coach competency ratings. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 74:102664. [PMID: 38777116 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study draws on social role theory, role congruity theory, and the black sheep effect to explore athletes' gendered perceptions of coach competence. The study relied on a sample of 308 New Zealand athletes across sports levels and modalities who completed an online survey. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four vignettes, in which coach gender (female vs. male) and coaching style (communal vs. agentic) were manipulated, and athlete gender was considered. The results show that male and female coaches did not receive significantly different coach competency scores (relational and strategic competencies), that a communal coaching style was linked to higher ratings in both relational and strategic competencies, and that the interplay of athlete gender, coach gender, and gender conforming/non-conforming coaching style did not significantly affect coach competence scores. However, participants' comments to the open-ended question presented at the end of the survey suggest that athletes still hold gendered views of coaching competence at the elite level. We discuss the research and practical implications of our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Kuntz
- University of Canterbury, PB4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Jacqui Moorfield
- University of Canterbury, PB4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Romano L, Russo C, Gladwin TE, Panno A. Adolescents and Young Adults' Participation in Pro-Environmental Movements: A Systematic Review. J Genet Psychol 2024; 185:373-398. [PMID: 38373092 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2024.2316804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is a reality that can no longer be ignored, so much so that combating climate change and its impact is one of the main goals of the UN Agenda 2030. Youths, albeit the main victims of climate change, are often excluded from decision-making processes on sustainable actions. More and more young people are joining collective pro-environmental movements, raising their voices against the current inadequate sustainable policies and claiming to be the main actors of change. However, pro-environmental collective actions are often judged negatively by public opinion, diminishing their effectiveness and potentially impacting youth participation. In light of this, it is critical to understand the individual, contextual and relational aspects that lead young people to engage with these movements. The present study aimed to systematically review the existing literature on factors that might promote youth participation in pro-environmental movements. According to the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search of three databases (PsycINFO, ProQuest, and SCOPUS). Moreover, we deepened our research by focusing on two relevant theoretical models on collective actions, the Social Identity Model of Collective Action and the Social Identity Model of Pro-Environmental Action. After the screening and the eligibility phases, 11 articles (12 studies) were included. Most of the selected studies adopted a cross-sectional quantitative design. The results revealed individual and relational factors involved in promoting youths' involvement in pro-environmental movements. To the aim of deepening young people's pro-environmental activism, findings highlighted the need to consider personal and social drivers together. Limitations of the study, future directions, and practical implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Romano
- Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Russo
- Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Panno
- Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang S, Lu Q, Zhang D, Wang L, Jin H, Zhou Y, Ma R. Mediation effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between perceived social support and resilience in caregivers of patients with first-stroke in China: a cross-sectional survey. Top Stroke Rehabil 2024; 31:595-603. [PMID: 38375811 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2024.2318087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-efficacy, perceived social support, and resilience in caregivers of first-stroke patients are closely related, while the interaction mechanism remains unclear. This research explores the mediation effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between perceived social support and resilience in caregivers of first-stroke patients in China. METHODS Convenience sampling was designed and used to recruit participants from the General Hospital of Northern Theater in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, from February to October 2022, in which 207 self-reported participants completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES). In addition, the mediation effect of self-efficacy between perceived social support and resilience was determined by the PROCESS macro for SPSS. RESULT Among the 207 caregivers of patients with first-stroke, the mean CD-RISC, MSPPS and GSES scores were (72.17 ± 11.28), (71.17 ± 8.99), and (29.64 ± 5.03) respectively. Caregivers' self-efficacy was positively correlated with perceived social support (r = 0.439, p < 0.01) and resilience (r = 0.730, p < 0.01). Self-efficacy served a mediation function partially between perceived social support and resilience, whose effect accounted for 52.90% of the total. CONCLUSION Both simple and mediation roles of perceived social support and self-efficacy are established in the relationship of resilience among caregivers of first-stroke patients. Positive social support and self-efficacy are two important targets for future interventional studies, and interventions on them may synergistically improve resilience. Hence, the nurses and community workers should correctly evaluate social support and self-efficacy, confirm the health education requirements, and implement counseling intervention to protect and improve the health of first-stroke patients and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Qingwen Lu
- Department of Nursing, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Injured Management, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hongxu Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ruihang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|