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Chen L, Hu Y, Wang Z, Zhang L, Jian C, Cheng S, Ming D. Effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on motor planning: a multimodal signal study. Cogn Neurodyn 2025; 19:35. [PMID: 39866662 PMCID: PMC11759740 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-025-10220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Motor planning plays a pivotal role in daily life. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been demonstrated to enhance decision-making efficiency, illustrating its potential use in cognitive modulation. However, current research primarily focuses on behavioral and single-modal electrophysiological signal, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG). To investigate the effect of taVNS on motor planning, a total of 21 subjects were recruited for this study and were divided into two groups: active group (n = 10) and sham group (n = 11). Each subject was required to be involved in a single-blind, sham-controlled, between-subject end-state comfort (ESC) experiment. The study compared behavioral indicators and electrophysiological features before and following taVNS. The results indicated a notable reduction in reaction time and an appreciable increase in the proportion of end-state comfort among the participants following taVNS, accompanied by notable alterations in motor-related cortical potential (MRCP) amplitude, low-frequency power of HRV (LF), and cortico-cardiac coherence, particularly in the parietal and occipital regions. These findings show that taVNS may impact the brain and heart, potentially enhancing their interaction, and improve participants' ability of motor planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, 300392 China
| | - Yihao Hu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Zhongpeng Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, 300392 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, 300392 China
| | - Chuxiang Jian
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Shengcui Cheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, 300392 China
| | - Dong Ming
- College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin, 300392 China
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Chang C, Laird-Fick HS, Mitchell JD, Parker C, Solomon D. Assessing the impact of clerkships on the growth of clinical knowledge. Ann Med 2025; 57:2443812. [PMID: 39731632 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2443812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/30/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study quantified the impact of clinical clerkships on medical students' disciplinary knowledge using the Comprehensive Clinical Science Examination (CCSE) as a formative assessment tool. METHODS This study involved 155 third-year medical students in the College of Human Medicine at Michigan State University who matriculated in 2016. Disciplinary scores on their individual Comprehensive Clinical Science Examination reports were extracted by digitizing the bar charts using image processing techniques. Segmented regression analysis was used to quantify the differences in disciplinary knowledge before, during, and after clerkships in five disciplines: surgery, internal medicine, psychiatry, pediatrics, and obstetrics and gynecology (ob/gyn). RESULTS A comparison of the regression intercepts before and during their clerkships revealed that, on average, the participants improved the most in ob/gyn (β = 11.193, p< .0001), followed by psychiatry (β = 10.005, p< .001), pediatrics (β = 6.238, p< .0001), internal medicine (β = 1.638, p= .30), and improved the least in surgery (β = -2.332, p= .10). The regression intercepts of knowledge during their clerkships and after them, on the other hand, suggested that students' average scores improved the most in psychiatry (β = 7.649, p= .008), followed by ob/gyn (β = 4.175, p= .06), surgery (β = 4.106, p= .007), and pediatrics (β = 1.732, p= .32). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight how clerkships influence the acquisition of disciplinary knowledge, offering valuable insights for curriculum design and assessment. This approach can be adapted to evaluate the effectiveness of other curricular activities, such as tutoring or intersessions. The results have significant implications for educators revising clerkship content and for students preparing for the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chang
- Office of Medical Education Research and Development, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Heather S Laird-Fick
- Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John D Mitchell
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Carol Parker
- Office of Medical Education Research and Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Office of Medical Education Research and Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Rønning L, Zelkowitz RL, Piccirillo ML, Liu J, Thomas JL, Guler J, Kyei JJ, Hoeboer CM, Karchoud JF, Olff M, Witteveen AB, van Zuiden M. Gender differences in early posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a network analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2025; 16:2448385. [PMID: 39846426 PMCID: PMC11758801 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2448385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite known gender/sex differences in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), potential differences in the associations among PTSD symptoms between men and women in the early post-trauma period are not well-characterized.Objective: This study utilized network analysis to assess potential differences in the associations among PTSD symptom clusters between men and women during the early post-trauma period.Method: We included n = 475 participants (57.5% self-identified women) who recently (≤2 months) experienced an interpersonal or motor vehicle potential traumatic event in the Netherlands. Past month PTSD symptoms were measured with the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and composited according to the five-node PTSD symptom cluster dysphoric arousal model. We estimated the network as well as indices of centrality (strength and predictability) and assessed the stability of the modelled networks in subsamples of men (n = 202) and women (n = 273). We compared network structures using the Network Comparison Test (NCT).Results: Results largely demonstrated adequate correlation stability for the estimated network structures for women and men. For both men and women, avoidance symptoms were among the strongest nodes with greatest predictability in the networks. In men, anxious arousal additionally showed high strength whereas re-experiencing showed high predictability. In women, re-experiencing symptoms demonstrated both high strength and predictability. The NCT demonstrated nonsignificant differences in global network structure (M = 0.08, p = .054) and strength (S = .073, p = .067). Post hoc comparisons showed an association of re-experiencing symptoms with negative alterations in cognitions and mood in men but not women (E = .038, p = .005).Conclusion: Results demonstrated possible modest gender differences in aspects of network structure although most elements of the network structure were similar across genders. These results help to characterize gender differences in associations among PTSD symptom clusters during the early post-trauma period, which may inform the potential relevance of future gender-sensitive early intervention strategies to ameliorate the risk for long-term PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Rønning
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rachel L. Zelkowitz
- Women’s Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marilyn L. Piccirillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianlin Liu
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jessy Guler
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Washington, USA
| | - J. Joana Kyei
- Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota-Accra, Ghana
| | - Chris M. Hoeboer
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanet F. Karchoud
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, the Netherlands
| | - Anke B. Witteveen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Saadedine M, Berga SL, Faubion SS, Shufelt CL. The silent pandemic of stress: impact on menstrual cycle and ovulation. Stress 2025; 28:2457767. [PMID: 39862134 PMCID: PMC11793426 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2025.2457767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
In the current age of technological advancement, stress has emerged as a silent pandemic affecting individuals, especially young generations, globally. Factors such as increased competition, social pressures fueled by social media and smartphones, and a sense of diminished control in the face of modern challenges contribute to rising stress levels. In addition to the negative implications on mental well-being, stress affects physiological processes such as the menstrual cycle. Functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a spectrum ranging ranging from regular menstrual cycles with short or insufficient luteal phases to irregular cycles, oligomenorrhea, anovulation, and complete amenorrhea, depending on how stress variably disrupts gonadotropic-releasing hormone (GnRH) drive. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), the most severe manifestation, is a complex global neuroendocrinopathy with several serious health consequences in addition to amenorrhea and infertility. Concomitant health consequences include bone loss, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular risks. The collective health burden underscores the need for clinical awareness and comprehensive treatment strategies addressing behavioral and biopsychosocial stressors that lead to chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. Despite its prevalence and numerous adverse health consequences, research on this condition remains limited, revealing a significant gap in understanding and addressing this condition. Larger and long-term follow-up studies are important to accurately assess FHA prevalence, its health consequences, intervention efficacy, and recovery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Saadedine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sarah L Berga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie S Faubion
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic Center for Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chrisandra L Shufelt
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Mayo Clinic Center for Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Women's Health Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Li Q. Visual image reconstructed without semantics from human brain activity using linear image decoders and nonlinear noise suppression. Cogn Neurodyn 2025; 19:20. [PMID: 39801914 PMCID: PMC11718044 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-024-10184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
In recent years, substantial strides have been made in the field of visual image reconstruction, particularly in its capacity to generate high-quality visual representations from human brain activity while considering semantic information. This advancement not only enables the recreation of visual content but also provides valuable insights into the intricate processes occurring within high-order functional brain regions, contributing to a deeper understanding of brain function. However, considering fusion semantics in reconstructing visual images from brain activity involves semantic-to-image guide reconstruction and may ignore underlying neural computational mechanisms, which does not represent true reconstruction from brain activity. In response to this limitation, our study introduces a novel approach that combines linear mapping with nonlinear noise suppression to reconstruct visual images perceived by subjects based on their brain activity patterns. The primary challenge associated with linear mapping lies in its susceptibility to noise interference. To address this issue, we leverage a flexible denoised deep convolutional neural network, which can suppress noise from linear mapping. Our investigation encompasses linear mapping as well as the training of shallow and deep autoencoder denoised neural networks, including a pre-trained, state-of-the-art denoised neural network. The outcome of our study reveals that combining linear image decoding with nonlinear noise reduction significantly enhances the quality of reconstructed images from human brain activity. This suggests that our methodology holds promise for decoding intricate perceptual experiences directly from brain activity patterns without semantic information. Moreover, the model has strong neural explanatory power because it shares structural and functional similarities with the visual brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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Cho H, Jun HS. Relationship between perceived depression, suicidal ideation, and return to work among cancer survivors in South Korea: A national survey analysis. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2025; 12:100611. [PMID: 39737447 PMCID: PMC11683217 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2024.100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived depression, suicidal ideation, and return to work among cancer survivors in South Korea, with a focus on sociodemographic and employment-related factors. Methods A secondary analysis of data from 874 cancer survivors, retrieved from the 2015, 2017, and 2019 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, was conducted. Key variables included employment status, household income, marital status, perceived depression, and suicidal ideation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results Female cancer survivors reported higher rates of perceived depression compared to male survivors. Survivors with lower household incomes or without spouses experienced elevated levels of both perceived depression and suicidal ideation. Those in the nonworking group exhibited significantly higher rates of these psychological challenges compared to those who had returned to work. However, the type of job performed was not associated with perceived depression or suicidal ideation. Conclusions Returning to work, regardless of job type, is associated with improved psychological health among cancer survivors, emphasizing the importance of employment in fostering social interaction and emotional stability. Interventions supporting the return-to-work process and addressing the specific needs of vulnerable groups are critical for improving the overall well-being of cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeryun Cho
- Department of Nursing, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Jun
- Department of Nursing, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Undset A, Jensen T, Birkeland MS, Meiser-Stedman R, Dyb G, Blix I. Maladaptive appraisals and posttraumatic stress reactions in young terror survivors across 8 years: a random intercepts cross-lagged analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2025; 16:2459462. [PMID: 39927443 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2025.2459462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 12/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Though there is substantial support for the importance of maladaptive appraisals for the development of posttraumatic stress reactions (PTSR), little is known about the long-term temporal relationship between maladaptive appraisals and PTSR beyond the first year after a traumatic event.Objective: We aimed to investigate three research questions: (1) Does the level of maladaptive appraisals change over time? (2) Are maladaptive appraisals and PTSR concurrently related to each other in the long term? (3) What is the direction of the temporal relationship between maladaptive appraisals and PTSR?Method: The participants were young survivors after the terror attack at Utøya island in Norway in 2011. We included data measured at 14-15 months, 30-32 months, and 102-108 months post trauma. The participants (N = 315) were all younger than 25 years at the time of the attack (mean age was 18.4, SD = 2.3), and 48.3% were female. The aims were investigated using correlations, paired t-tests, random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM), and cross-lagged panel models (CLPM).Results: We found a significant decrease in PTSR severity from 14-15 months to 30-32 months, and there was a significant increase in the mean level of maladaptive appraisals from 30-32 months to 102-108 months post trauma. Maladaptive appraisals and PTSR were highly associated across the three time points. Stable individual differences seem to account for most of the longitudinal relationship between maladaptive appraisals and PTSR, and we did not find clear indications of a direction of the temporal relationship between the variables.Conclusions: Our results indicate that the level of maladaptive appraisals can be quite stable once established, that they remain associated with PTSR, and that the long-term relationship between maladaptive appraisals and PTSR in the years following a trauma may best be explained by stable individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Undset
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tine Jensen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne S Birkeland
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard Meiser-Stedman
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East-Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Grete Dyb
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ines Blix
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
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Knippenberg I, Leontjevas R, Declercq I, van Lankveld J, Gerritsen D. Measuring implicit associations with behaviours to improve resident mood: development of implicit association tasks for nursing home care providers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES ADVANCES 2025; 8:100292. [PMID: 39877378 PMCID: PMC11773274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2024] [Revised: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2025] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop and evaluate instruments for measuring implicit associations of nursing home care providers with behaviours aimed at improving resident mood. Method Study 1 (N = 41) followed an iterative approach to develop two implicit association tasks measuring implicit attitude (positive versus negative valence) and motivation (wanting versus not wanting) regarding mood-improving behaviours, followed by an evaluation of the content validity for target stimuli representing these behaviours. In Study 2 (N = 230), the tasks were assessed for stimulus classification ease (accuracy and speed) and internal consistency. A subsample (n = 111) completed additional questionnaires to evaluate convergent validity (with self-reported attitudes towards depression, altruism, and mood-improving behaviours), and discriminant validity (against social desirability), and repeated the tasks after 2 weeks to assess test-retest reliability. Results Content validity indexes for target stimuli were satisfactory. Error rates were acceptable for attribute stimuli, but exceeded the 10 % limit for target stimuli. Response times for all stimuli exceeded the 800-millisecond threshold. Both tasks demonstrated good internal consistency but poor test-retest reliability. Regarding convergent validity, both tasks significantly correlated with altruism, the implicit attitude task associated with self-reported mood-improving behaviours, and the implicit motivation task correlated with the behavioural scale of attitudes towards depression. Discriminant validity was supported as neither task was significantly associated with social desirability. Conclusions The implicit association tasks show potential for measuring implicit associations with mood-improving behaviours of care providers, offering an innovative pathway for exploring processes influencing caregiving behaviours. However, limitations in psychometric properties were identified, aligning with challenges observed in similar measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Knippenberg
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Geert Grooteplein 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, 6419 AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruslan Leontjevas
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Geert Grooteplein 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, 6419 AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Ine Declercq
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Geert Grooteplein 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, 6419 AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Mental Health and Wellbeing (MENT) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques van Lankveld
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, 6419 AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Debby Gerritsen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Geert Grooteplein 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Sinha D, Somra S. On derived t-path, t=2,3 signed graph and t-distance signed graph. MethodsX 2025; 14:103160. [PMID: 39897654 PMCID: PMC11787706 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025] Open
Abstract
A signed graph Σ is a pairΣ = ( Σ u , σ ) that consists of a graph ( Σ u , E ) and a sign mapping called signature σ from E to the sign group { + , - } . In this paper, we discuss the t-path product signed graph( Σ ) ^ t where vertex set of( Σ ) ^ t is the same as that of Σ and two vertices are adjacent if there is a path of length t, between them in the signed graph Σ . The sign of an edge in the t-path product signed graph is determined by the product of marks of the vertices in the signed graph Σ , where the mark of a vertex is the product of signs of all edges incident to it. In this paper, we provide a characterization of Σ which are switching equivalent to t-path product signed graphs( Σ ) ^ t for t = 2 , 3 which are switching equivalent to Σ and also the negation of the signed graph ŋ ( Σ ) that are switching equivalent to( Σ ) ^ t for t = 2 , 3 . We also characterize signed graphs that are switching equivalent to t -distance signed graph( Σ ¯ ) t for t = 2 where 2-distance signed graph( Σ ¯ ) 2 = ( V ' , E ' , σ ' ) defined as follows: the vertex set is same as the original signed graph Σ and two vertices u , v ∈ ( Σ ¯ ) 2 , are adjacent if and only if there exists a distance of length two in Σ . The edge u v ∈ ( Σ ¯ ) 2 is negative if and only if all the edges, in all the distances of length two in Σ are negative otherwise the edge is positive. The t-path network along with these characterizations can be used to develop model for the study of various real life problems communication networks.•t-path product signed graph.•t-distance signed graph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Sinha
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, South Asian University, New Delhi 110068, India
| | - Sachin Somra
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, South Asian University, New Delhi 110068, India
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Brandtner A, Brand M, Müller A. Mental imagery in the context of online compulsive buying-shopping disorder: The role of pleasure and relief. Addict Behav Rep 2025; 21:100586. [PMID: 39926173 PMCID: PMC11803172 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Revised: 12/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The rise of e-commerce has led to an increase in online compulsive buying-shopping disorder (OCBSD), an addictive disorder potentially driven by preoccupations like mental imagery, yet their occurrence and predictors have not been thoroughly explored. Methods This study investigated the expression of and associations with mental imagery in women with pathological (n = 56) or non-problematic buying-shopping (n = 56) applying hierarchical regression analyses. Participants were classified based on a structured diagnostic interview, completed self-report questionnaires assessing experiences of gratification and compensation during shopping, and a 14-day end-of-day ambulatory assessment, evaluating mental imagery intensity. Results Women with pathological buying-shopping reported significantly more intense shopping-specific mental imagery compared to women with non-problematic buying-shopping. Mental imagery was significantly predicted only by compensatory experiences in the pathological buying-shopping group with medium effect sizes. Discussion The findings suggest that in OCBSD, mental images likely arise from to the anticipated effects of relief, possibly indicating a maladaptive coping strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Brandtner
- General Psychology: Cognition, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, Forsthausweg 2, Duisburg 47057 Germany
- Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, Forsthausweg 2, Duisburg 47057 Germany
- Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover, Germany
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Shircliff K, Coronado H, McClinchie M, Cummings C. Difficulties with positive, but not negative, emotion regulation moderate the association between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use in college students. Addict Behav Rep 2025; 21:100583. [PMID: 39866222 PMCID: PMC11764778 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Positive alcohol expectancies are linked to increased alcohol use among college students. Difficulties regulating emotion have been shown to moderate this relationship, though little research accounts for differences based on the valence of the emotion being regulated. Objective To examine the independent moderating roles of positive and negative emotion dysregulation on the association between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. Methods College students (N = 165, Mage = 20.48, SDage = 1.90; 66.1 % Female; 66.7 % White; 65.5 % non-Hispanic) who reported regular substance use (≥ 3 times in the past week) completed a one-time survey. Linear regression analyses with moderation were conducted. Results Correlational analyses suggested that positive alcohol expectancies, positive emotion dysregulation, and negative emotion dysregulation were positively associated with greater alcohol use. Linear regression analyses indicated that difficulties with positive emotion regulation moderated the relationship between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. However, difficulties with negative emotion regulation did not moderate this relationship. College students who reported greater positive alcohol expectancies and concurrently greater difficulties with positive emotion regulation also report greater alcohol consumption, compared to those who reported greater positive alcohol expectancies and fewer difficulties regulating positive emotion. Discussion Difficulties with positive, not negative, emotion regulation may serve as a risk factor for hazardous alcohol use in college students. Findings may inform the modification of existing intervention programs across university counseling centers and other health sectors to promote the development of positive emotion regulation skills for individuals who endorse positive emotion regulation difficulties, thereby reducing hazardous alcohol use amid this high-risk developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haley Coronado
- Texas Tech University Department of Psychological Sciences United States
| | | | - Caroline Cummings
- Texas Tech University Department of Psychological Sciences United States
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12
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Picon A, Galan P, Bereciartua-Perez A, Benito-Del-Valle L. On the analysis of adapting deep learning methods to hyperspectral imaging. Use case for WEEE recycling and dataset. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025; 330:125665. [PMID: 39746253 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging, a rapidly evolving field, has witnessed the ascendancy of deep learning techniques, supplanting classical feature extraction and classification methods in various applications. However, many researchers employ arbitrary architectures for hyperspectral image processing, often without rigorous analysis of the interplay between spectral and spatial information. This oversight neglects the implications of combining these two modalities on model performance, consumption, and inference time. This paper evaluates the impact of including different spatial (visual texture) and spectral (captured spectral information) features on deep learning architectures for hyperspectral image segmentation. To this end, it presents different architectural configurations with varying levels of spectral and spatial information and are evaluated in terms of identification performance, energy consumption, and inference time. Additionally, the transferability of knowledge from large pre-trained image foundation models, originally designed for RGB images, to the hyperspectral domain is explored. Results show that incorporating spatial information alongside spectral data leads to improved segmentation results. However, not all spectral wavelengths are necessary to obtain the optimal performance/energy consumption ratio, which is required for faster and more carbon-neutral models. Training foundation models from the RGB domain leads to lower performance and higher energy consumption models with longer inference times. It is also essential to further develop novel architectures that integrate spectral and spatial information and adapt RGB foundation models to the hyperspectral domain. Furthermore, this paper contributes to the field by cleaning and publicly releasing the Tecnalia WEEE Hyperspectral dataset. This dataset contains different non-ferrous fractions of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), including Copper, Brass, Aluminum, Stainless Steel, and White Copper, spanning the range of 400 to 1000 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artzai Picon
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, C/ Geldo. Edificio 700, E-48160, Derio - Bizkaia, Spain; University of the Basque Country, Plaza Torres Quevedo, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Pablo Galan
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, C/ Geldo. Edificio 700, E-48160, Derio - Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arantza Bereciartua-Perez
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, C/ Geldo. Edificio 700, E-48160, Derio - Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leire Benito-Del-Valle
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, C/ Geldo. Edificio 700, E-48160, Derio - Bizkaia, Spain; University of the Basque Country, Plaza Torres Quevedo, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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13
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Pi Y, Gong Y, Li X. Balanced time perspective and aggression in left-behind children: The mediating role of self-esteem. J Exp Child Psychol 2025; 252:106136. [PMID: 39673821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024]
Abstract
Left-behind children refer to children who have been separated from their parents for a long period of time because one or both parents have gone to work in cities and towns, and who stay in their hometowns or board with relatives in rural China. This study investigated the association between time perspective and aggression among left-behind children and examined the potential mediating role of self-esteem. The initial cross-sectional study (Study 1) involved a sample of 549 middle school students (Mage = 13.22 years, SD = 1.21) of whom 64.8% were classified as left-behind children. The results indicated that left-behind children exhibited higher levels of aggression, lower levels of balanced time perspective, and lower self-esteem compared with their non-left-behind counterparts. Structural equation modeling showed that balanced time perspective was inversely associated with aggression and that self-esteem partially mediated this relationship in both left-behind and non-left-behind children. Furthermore, Study 2 analyzed data from two waves of assessment involving left-behind children (N = 286; Mage = 13.30 years, SD = 1.01). This longitudinal analysis confirmed that balanced time perspective was a negative predictor of aggression in this group. Through the implementation of a cross-lagged panel model, it was found that balanced time perspective could predict lower levels of aggression in left-behind children by enhancing self-esteem over time. These findings illuminate the relationship between balanced time perspective and behavioral issues in left-behind children, suggesting the importance of interventions aimed at improving time perspective and self-esteem to mitigate aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pi
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | | | - Xiaobao Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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14
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Lagarrigue Y, Thibaut JP. Successful comparisons in novel word generalization: Executive functions or semantic knowledge? J Exp Child Psychol 2025; 252:106130. [PMID: 39643960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the opportunity to compare several stimuli associated with the same novel object noun, in contrast to a single stimulus design, promotes generalization along conceptually unifying dimensions. In two experiments (N = 240 4- and 5-year-olds), we assessed the link between executive functions and vocabulary (EVIP, a French version [Canadian norms] of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test), on the one hand, and children's novel word generalization performance in a comparison design, on the other. The experiments used two types of materials: unfamiliar objects in Experiment 1 and familiar objects in Experiment 2. In both experiments, results revealed a significant association between generalization performance and flexibility, whereas no significant links were observed with inhibition, working memory, or vocabulary. For familiar objects, we anticipated that vocabulary would play a more significant role, which was not what was observed. We interpret these results in terms of children's capacity to shift to other dimensions or to re-describe stimuli. Working memory (i.e., keeping track of dimensions) and inhibition (e.g., inhibiting irrelevant salient dimensions) did not reach significance. We also discuss the absence of correlation between vocabulary and the generalization task.
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15
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Bagnoud J, Poletti C, Krenger M, Mahendrathas M, Dewi J, Thevenot C. Unraveling the small tie problem mystery: Size effects from finger counting to mental strategies in addition. J Exp Child Psychol 2025; 252:106154. [PMID: 39733730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 11/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/31/2024]
Abstract
Determining how children solve arithmetic problems when they stop using their fingers is a real challenge. To take it up, the evolution of problem-size effects for tie and non-tie problems was observed when 6-year-olds (N = 65) shift from finger counting to mental strategies. These observations revealed that the problem-size effect remained the same for non-tie problems, whereas it drastically decreased for tie problems. Moreover, the solving strategy for tie problems switched directly from the representation of both operands on fingers to retrieval without transition through the representation of only one operand on fingers. This direct switch could be made possible by the relative ease to commit symmetrical representations to memory (in the case of tie problems) rather than non-symmetrical ones (in the case of non-tie problems). This would explain why, early during development, small tie problems are solved quickly and present null or negligible size effects. All in all, our results and interpretations provide an answer to the long-standing question as to why tie problems have a special cognitive status. Our results also nuance the classical description of the developmental pattern reported in all textbook chapters devoted to numerical cognition according to which a finger strategy where only one operand is represented on fingers constitutes a developmental stage between the representation of two operands on fingers and retrieval. We demonstrate here that it is true only for non-tie problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Bagnoud
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (SSP), University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Poletti
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (SSP), University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Krenger
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (SSP), University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathusanaa Mahendrathas
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (SSP), University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jasinta Dewi
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (SSP), University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Thevenot
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (SSP), University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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Kazali E. Executive functions in inductive and deductive reasoning. J Exp Child Psychol 2025; 252:106144. [PMID: 39673822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024]
Abstract
Inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning share common cognitive abilities and develop substantially during childhood, but still which executive functions (EFs) underlie this development is debated. The current study assessed three EFs-working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility-and examined their interrelations and their relationship with inductive and deductive reasoning. To examine how these types of reasoning and EFs relate in young children, we recruited 155 children (4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-year-olds) to complete two reasoning tasks and three EF tasks. Inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning were directly predicted by working memory and were indirectly predicted by inhibition and cognitive flexibility. This finding sheds light on the predictive role of working memory for both inductive and deductive reasoning and provides support for the shared cognitive relation between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kazali
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Ioannina, University Campus, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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17
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Zhang J, Feng X, Zhang Q, Wu D, Wang W, Liu S, Liu Q. The association between screen time trajectories and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety. Addict Behav 2025; 163:108260. [PMID: 39818120 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 01/04/2025] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are often comorbid among adolescents. Adolescent screen time changes over time. This study investigates the association between screen time trajectories and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety from a longitudinal perspective. The data were collected from an ongoing prospective puberty cohort which was established in 2014 from Chongqing, China. 838 participants (52.03 % female; wave 1 mean age = 8.62, SD = 1.15) were followed up from 2014 to 2020. Questions about screen time were administered every six months. Trajectories of screen time were identified using latent class growth analysis. Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) were used to measure depression and anxiety. Latent profile analysis was used to identify the subtypes of comorbidity of depression and anxiety. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between screen time trajectory and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety. Three distinct trajectories of screen time were identified: Group Low (68.26 %) had consistently low screen time, Group High (26.37 %) had high screen time and Group Increasing (5.37 %) was characterized by an increasing screen time. Four subtypes of the comorbidity of depression and anxiety were fitted ("High comorbidity", "Low comorbidity", "Low depression symptoms" and "No symptoms"). Group Increasing and Group High were associated with "Low comorbidity" and "Low depression symptoms". Group Increasing was more likely to be the "high comorbidity" both boys and girls. However, Group High was associated with "high comorbidity" only in girls. The results of this study may inform future research and provide possible intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Feng
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhe Wang
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shudan Liu
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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18
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Mehlhase H, Sigmund JL, Schulte-Körne G, Moll K. Sound-symbol learning and the relationship to spelling in first-grade children. J Exp Child Psychol 2025; 252:106158. [PMID: 39787628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Early spelling depends on the ability to understand the alphabetic principle and to translate speech sounds into visual symbols (letters). Thus, the ability to associate sound-symbol pairs might be an important predictor of spelling development. Here, we examined the relation between sound-symbol learning (SSL) and early spelling skills. A large sample of first-grade children (N = 365) was tested on well-known cognitive predictors of spelling ability (intelligence, phoneme awareness, and verbal short-term memory) and completed a novel sound-symbol learning paradigm, which required the serial application of newly learned sound-symbol correspondences to mirror spelling acquisition. The results revealed that performance on the SSL task explained unique variance in spelling performance in young children at risk of spelling problems beyond well-known cognitive predictors of spelling. The SSL task can be a useful tool for the early identification of spelling problems given that the SSL differentiated between children with poor and typical spelling skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Mehlhase
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 München, Germany.
| | - Jan Luis Sigmund
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Kristina Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 München, Germany
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19
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Kapteijns B, van de Ven M, van Hoogmoed AH, Kroesbergen EH. Cognitive and home predictors of precocious reading and math before formal education. J Exp Child Psychol 2025; 252:106159. [PMID: 39798203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
Children start formal schooling with substantial individual differences in their early literacy and numeracy abilities, but little is known about predictors of precocious (i.e., early advanced) reading and math. In this study, we investigated contributions from a range of cognitive and home-related predictors to early reading, arithmetic and applied math in 224 Dutch kindergartners (Mage = 5 years 5 months). Our results showed that precocious reading and math were differentially predicted by specific combinations of domain-specific, domain-general, and cross-domain cognitive skills. For reading, we primarily observed contributions from literacy-specific skills, especially letter knowledge. For mathematics, we observed contributions from various domain-specific, domain-general, and cross-domain cognitive skills. Predictors of "basic" arithmetic skills differed from predictors of "precocious" arithmetic fluency, suggesting qualitative differences between typical and precocious learners. Contributions from children's home environments (parental education levels and parent-child activities) remained relatively small across all models. Together, our results provide novel insights into the (co-)development of precocious reading and math in preschool-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Kapteijns
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marco van de Ven
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne H van Hoogmoed
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Evelyn H Kroesbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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20
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Corridori E, Salviati S, Begni V, Marchesin A, Gambarana C, Riva MA, Scheggi S. Restorative properties of chronic lurasidone treatment on emotional dysfunction in rats exposed to chronic unavoidable stress: A role for medial prefrontal cortex - nucleus accumbens network. Neuropharmacology 2025; 267:110302. [PMID: 39814132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Anhedonia, a transdiagnostic symptom prevalent in depressive and psychotic disorders, poses a significant challenge for pharmacological intervention due to its association with impaired motivation. Understanding how psychotropic drugs can modulate this pathological domain and elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying such effects are crucial endeavors in psychiatric research. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pro-motivational properties of lurasidone in a rat (Sprague Dawley males) model of anhedonia and to unravel the interplay between lurasidone and the brain regions critical for reward processing. Exposure to unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) led to a marked reduction in motivation, a deficit that was restored by lurasidone treatment at 3 mg/kg, but not at 10 mg/kg. Interestingly, the stress-induced decrease in reactivity to negative stimuli was reversed by both doses of lurasidone. At the molecular level, stressed animals exhibited reduced expression of neuroplastic markers, that was increased following lurasidone administration. Furthermore, UCS exposure impaired the activation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in response to hedonic stimuli, an effect amended by lurasidone treatment. Additionally, lurasidone restored the impaired phosphorylation of DARPP-32, a key regulator of dopamine signaling, in mPFC and NAc of UCS rats exposed to a hedonic stimulus. These findings underscore the potential of lurasidone in improving various psychopathological domains, like impaired motivation and emotional reactivity, core elements contributing to the disability associated with mental disorders. These effects highlight the therapeutic potential of lurasidone in addressing the intricate behavioral and neurochemical alterations associated with anhedonia and related mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Corridori
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Salviati
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Veronica Begni
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessia Marchesin
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Gambarana
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Simona Scheggi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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21
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Nuske J, Nuske L, Hides L, King DL. Evaluating the effect of detached mindfulness techniques on gaming-related urges and intentions to play. Addict Behav 2025; 163:108258. [PMID: 39809113 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
Individuals who struggle to regulate their gaming involvement, particularly those with gaming disorder, often report strong subjective urges to play games. Desire thinking has been proposed to be an active driver of urge, and therefore disrupting desire thinking processes may reduce urges to play. Detached mindfulness, a meta-cognitive therapy technique, is a candidate option for reducing desire thinking, but the available research in relation to gaming is limited. To address this gap, this pre-registered study employed a 3 (Group: mindfulness, relaxation, control) x 3 (Time: baseline, pre-task, post-task) mixed experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of different techniques to reduce gaming urges. Gamers (N = 337) were recruited via the crowd-sourcing platform Prolific. Participants were administered interactive video-based tasks that induced gaming-related desire thinking and were then randomly delivered one of three techniques. Results showed that the desire thinking exercise significantly increased gaming urge. However, the detached mindfulness technique had no significant effect on urge to play, whereas relaxation significantly reduced urge compared to control. The effect of relaxation on urge was stronger for those with moderate to high impulsivity. These results support the proposed link between desire thinking and gaming urge. Gaming urges may be reliably induced using a brief self-guided protocol, which has applications for interventions involving exposure exercises without the use of physical gaming stimuli. Relaxation techniques may have short-term utility in reducing gaming-related urges. Further research should examine other meta-cognitive therapy-based techniques to support a broader research program on CBT for gaming disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Nuske
- College of Education Psychology & Social Work Flinders University Australia.
| | - Luke Nuske
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia; National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Daniel L King
- College of Education Psychology & Social Work Flinders University Australia
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22
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Smederevac S, Mitrović D, Mihić L, Sadiković S, Dinić BM, Milutinović A, Belopavlović R, Corr PJ. Demarcation of anxiety and fear: Evidence from behavioral genetics. J Affect Disord 2025; 373:208-218. [PMID: 39746554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 12/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Anxiety and fear are emotions often intertwined in response to aversive stimuli, complicating efforts to differentiate them and understand their distinct consequences. This study explores the common genetic and environmental factors contributing to the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and dimensions of the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST). A sample of 356 monozygotic (22.5 % males; M = 25.73, SD = 8.3) and 386 dizygotic (33.9 % males; M = 24.21, SD = 8.33) twins from the Serbian Twin Advanced Registry was analyzed. The Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ) provided scales for panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), while the Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ) measured the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), Behavioral Activation System (BAS), and Fight/Flight/Freeze System (FFFS). Common additive genetic effects accounted for most of the variance in BIS, Fight, and panic, agoraphobia, and social phobia, while specific additive genetic effects were highest for Flight. Shared environmental effects were most pronounced for Fight across all models, with additional shared influences on BAS and BIS for panic, and BAS and Freeze for agoraphobia and social phobia. Nonshared environmental effects were the highest specific contributors across variables. Genetic overlap between anxiety disorders and rRST dimensions suggests pleiotropy, with unique environmental factors playing an important role in disorder development. While anxiety and fear may stem from distinct etiologies, their shared symptomatology complicates differentiation, highlighting the importance of considering both genetic and environmental influences in anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Smederevac
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Dušanka Mitrović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Ljiljana Mihić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Selka Sadiković
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Bojana M Dinić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | | | | | - Philip J Corr
- Department of Psychology, City St George, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Baltramonaityte V, Lussier AA, Smith ADAC, Simpkin AJ, Fairchild G, Dunn EC, Walton E. Stress reactivity moderates the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in adolescents: Results from a population-based study. J Affect Disord 2025; 373:28-34. [PMID: 39709143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large body of evidence links stressful life events with depression. However, little is understood about the role of perceived impact in this association. METHODS We performed regression analysis to investigate whether self-reported stress reactivity (derived by regressing the impact-weighted life event score on the unweighted score) moderated the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort (n = 4791), controlling for age at outcome, sex, ethnicity, and maternal education. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the self-report Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (score range 0-26) at 16 years of age. Adolescents also reported on their exposure to 23 possible stressful life events since age 12 and their impact, which were used to define stress reactivity groups using a residual regression approach. RESULTS We identified a moderating effect of stress reactivity. Adolescents with high stress reactivity showed a stronger association between the number of stressful life events and depressive symptoms than adolescents with low (b = 0.32, 95 % CI = 0.13, 0.50, p < 0.001) or typical (b = 0.44, 95 % CI = 0.28, 0.60, p < 0.001) stress reactivity. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the use of retrospective life event measures and limited generalisability of findings to other population-based, high-risk, or clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS When resources are limited, interventions should prioritise individuals with high stress reactivity who have experienced multiple stressful life events, as these individuals may be at greater risk for depression.
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