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Olff M, Hein I, Amstadter AB, Armour C, Skogbrott Birkeland M, Bui E, Cloitre M, Ehlers A, Ford JD, Greene T, Hansen M, Harnett NG, Kaminer D, Lewis C, Minelli A, Niles B, Nugent NR, Roberts N, Price M, Reffi AN, Seedat S, Seligowski AV, Vujanovic AA. The impact of trauma and how to intervene: a narrative review of psychotraumatology over the past 15 years. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2025; 16:2458406. [PMID: 39912534 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2025.2458406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
To mark 15 years of the European Journal of Psychotraumatology, editors reviewed the past 15-year years of research on trauma exposure and its consequences, as well as developments in (early) psychological, pharmacological and complementary interventions. In all sections of this paper, we provide perspectives on sex/gender aspects, life course trends, and cross-cultural/global and systemic societal contexts. Globally, the majority of people experience stressful events that may be characterized as traumatic. However, definitions of what is traumatic are not necessarily straightforward or universal. Traumatic events may have a wide range of transdiagnostic mental and physical health consequences, not limited to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research on genetic, molecular, and neurobiological influences show promise for further understanding underlying risk and resilience for trauma-related consequences. Symptom presentation, prevalence, and course, in response to traumatic experiences, differ depending on individuals' age and developmental phase, sex/gender, sociocultural and environmental contexts, and systemic socio-political forces. Early interventions have the potential to prevent acute posttraumatic stress reactions from escalating to a PTSD diagnosis whether delivered in the golden hours or weeks after trauma. However, research on prevention is still scarce compared to treatment research where several evidence-based psychological, pharmacological and complementary/ integrative interventions exist, and novel forms of delivery have become available. Here, we focus on how best to address the range of negative health outcomes following trauma, how to serve individuals across the age spectrum, including the very young and old, and include considerations of sex/gender, ethnicity, and culture in diverse contexts, beyond Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries. We conclude with providing directions for future research aimed at improving the well-being of all people impacted by trauma around the world. The 15 years EJPT webinar provides a 90-minute summary of this paper and can be downloaded here [http://bit.ly/4jdtx6k].
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Hein
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Levvel, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Cherie Armour
- Trauma and Mental Health Research Centre, School of Psychology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Eric Bui
- Caen University Hospital, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- New York University, Silver School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anke Ehlers
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian D Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
| | - Talya Greene
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maj Hansen
- THRIVE, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nathaniel G Harnett
- Neurobiology of Affective and Traumatic Experiences Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debra Kaminer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catrin Lewis
- National Centre for Mental Health (NCMH), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Niles
- Boston University Chobonian and Avedisian School of Medicine, USA
- National Center for PTSD Behavioral Science Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole R Nugent
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA
| | - Neil Roberts
- Psychology & Psychological Therapies Directorate, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Anthony N Reffi
- Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Soraya Seedat
- SAMRC/SU Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Antonia V Seligowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Anka A Vujanovic
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Pi Y, Gong Y, Li X. Balanced time perspective and aggression in left-behind children: The mediating role of self-esteem. J Exp Child Psychol 2025; 252:106136. [PMID: 39673821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024]
Abstract
Left-behind children refer to children who have been separated from their parents for a long period of time because one or both parents have gone to work in cities and towns, and who stay in their hometowns or board with relatives in rural China. This study investigated the association between time perspective and aggression among left-behind children and examined the potential mediating role of self-esteem. The initial cross-sectional study (Study 1) involved a sample of 549 middle school students (Mage = 13.22 years, SD = 1.21) of whom 64.8% were classified as left-behind children. The results indicated that left-behind children exhibited higher levels of aggression, lower levels of balanced time perspective, and lower self-esteem compared with their non-left-behind counterparts. Structural equation modeling showed that balanced time perspective was inversely associated with aggression and that self-esteem partially mediated this relationship in both left-behind and non-left-behind children. Furthermore, Study 2 analyzed data from two waves of assessment involving left-behind children (N = 286; Mage = 13.30 years, SD = 1.01). This longitudinal analysis confirmed that balanced time perspective was a negative predictor of aggression in this group. Through the implementation of a cross-lagged panel model, it was found that balanced time perspective could predict lower levels of aggression in left-behind children by enhancing self-esteem over time. These findings illuminate the relationship between balanced time perspective and behavioral issues in left-behind children, suggesting the importance of interventions aimed at improving time perspective and self-esteem to mitigate aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pi
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | | | - Xiaobao Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Fromme SE, Joergens S, Schwarte K, Hohoff C, Dietrich DE, Baune BT. The association between cytokines and cognitive function in patients with major depressive disorder and controls. J Affect Disord 2025; 373:374-382. [PMID: 39740745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is a symptom of depression (MDD). While the involvement of the immune system has long been suggested to contribute to the biological underpinnings of depression, less is known about the underpinnings of cognitive dysfunction. A recent genome-wide association study pointed to genes related to immune function to be relevant for cognitive processes in depression. However, only a few studies have explored immune proteins in blood in MDD who also suffer from cognitive dysfunction. In this study we investigate associations between cognitive impairment and cytokines using a comprehensive cognitive test battery and a broad cytokine assay. METHODS 124 patients with MDD and 69 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. To assess cognition, RBANS was used, which measures immediate and delayed memory, visual-spatial functions, language and attention. Moreover, six cytokines (IL-8, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10; TNF-alpha and IL-12p70) were recorded. Associations were examined by regression analyses with age, sex, education, country, group and symptom severity as covariates. RESULTS There is an exploratory tendency that higher cytokine levels (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70) are associated with mostly lower cognition ("language", "visual-constructional", "attention" and "total score"). After conservative, corrected interpretation, interleukins were not statistically significant associated with poorer cognitive function. LIMITATIONS Despite a large sample, the unbalanced sample size is a limitation. For future studies, it is advisable to match participants based on age and gender. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive dysfunction could be associated with specific cytokines that underpin the contribution of the immune system, but further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Fromme
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Germany.
| | - S Joergens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Germany; Department Hamm 2, Hochschule Hamm-Lippstadt, Hamm, Germany
| | - K Schwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - C Hohoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - D E Dietrich
- AMEOS Clinic Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - B T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Cho I, Gutchess A. How Age and Culture Influence Cognition: A Lifespan Developmental Perspective. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2025; 75:101169. [PMID: 39669666 PMCID: PMC11633819 DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2024.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
It has long been assumed that cognitive aging is a universal phenomenon. However, increasing evidence substantiates the importance of individual differences in cognitive aging. How do experiential factors related to culture shape developmental trajectories of cognition? We propose a new model examining how age and culture influence cognitive processes, building on past models and expanding upon them to incorporate a lifespan developmental perspective. The current model posits that how age and culture interact to influence cognition depends on (a) the extent to which the cognitive task relies on top-down or bottom-up processes, and (b) for more top-down processes, the level of cognitive resources required to perform the task. To assess the validity of the model, we review literature not only from adulthood but also childhood, making this the first model to adopt a lifespan perspective in the study of culture and cognition. The current work advances understanding of cognitive aging by delineating the combined effects of biological aging processes, assumed to apply across cultures, and culture-dependent experiential aging processes, which reflect unique cultural experiences throughout one's lifespan. This approach enables understanding of comprehensive potential mechanisms that underlie the influence of culture on cognitive development across life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isu Cho
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela Gutchess
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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Minehart RD, Gabrielle Foldy E. Optimizing Diversity to Improve Perioperative Team Performance. Anesthesiol Clin 2025; 43:157-171. [PMID: 39890317 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
We consciously and subconsciously judge each other every day using demographic characteristics (such as gender and race/ethnicity), and these social identities shape our lives in profound ways. Demographic diversity impacts perioperative teams yet is poorly understood, and mixed results are reported in other team-based work settings. Drawing from decades of organizational behavior literature, the authors review their model of critical factors related to interplays between diversity, communication, and conflict, existing within a hierarchical environment influenced by power differences. Evidence-based recommendations are provided, aimed at maximizing the benefits of diversity in perioperative teams while minimizing negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D Minehart
- Department of Anesthesiology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University; Brown University Health, Lifespan Physician Group Anesthesiology, 593 Eddy Street, Davol 129, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Erica Gabrielle Foldy
- Department of Public and Nonprofit Management, Wagner School of Public Service at New York University, 295 Lafayette Street, New York, NY 10012, USA
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Di Battista S. 'She is failing; he is learning': Gender-differentiated attributions for girls' and boys' errors. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2025; 95:55-72. [PMID: 38369383 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to gender-differentiated attributions of failure in the STEM field, errors tend to be attributed to internal factors more to girls than to boys. AIMS This experimental study explored factors influencing gender-differentiated teachers' internal attributions of girls' and boys' errors and the consequent likelihood of teachers' hesitancy to offer educational robotics (ER) courses to them. The predictions were as follows: (1) the likelihood of teachers' hesitancy would be related to gender-differentiated internal attributions of errors based on expectations of a low natural aptitude for girls; and (2) teachers with high levels of gender stereotypes would be more hesitant about offering ER to girls than to boys via the mediation of internal attributions of errors as being due to girls' low levels of natural aptitude for ER. SAMPLE AND METHODS In this experimental study, 155 Italian teachers (M = 38.59 years, SD = 8.20) responded to a questionnaire at the end of a course on ER in 2022. Teachers randomly read one of two vignettes describing a girl's or a boy's error during an ER course. RESULTS Results of multiple regression and moderated mediation analyses confirmed both predictions. CONCLUSIONS In order to reduce the gender STEM gap, the tendency to attribute girls' errors to internal and natural causes should be better inspected.
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Voicescu GT, Lamine H, Loșonți AE, Lupan-Mureșan EM, Luka S, Ulerio JG, Ragazzoni L, Corte FD, Caviglia M. Monitoring and evaluation in disaster management courses: a scoping review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2025; 25:188. [PMID: 39910476 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-025-06659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the infrequent emergence of disasters and the challenges associated with their management, responders need appropriate training beyond doubt. Ensuring the highest standard of disaster management (DM) training is of paramount importance for high-quality DM. However, the literature concerning DM training monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is scarce. The primary objective of this review was to document the existing M&E strategies for DM training. METHODS The authors conducted a systematic literature search on June 28, 2023, on the PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane databases, including studies that described the learning objectives and the M&E strategy of DM training. The authors categorized the learning objectives and the evaluation methodology according to the revised Bloom's Taxonomy and the New World Kirkpatrick model, respectively. RESULTS Fifty-seven articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, described DM training targeting healthcare and non-healthcare professionals and employed diverse teaching methods and topics. Five studies reported using monitoring, while all reported an evaluation methodology. The learning objectives focused on students' ability to "Remember" (N = 50) and "Apply"(N = 44). The evaluations centred around the second level of the New World Kirkpatrick model (N = 57), with only 7 articles investigating the third level. Sixteen authors used existing, validated M&E frameworks. When corelating the learning objectives with the evaluation methodology, the authors observed a mismatch, as skills like the students' ability to "Apply" and "Create" were evaluated using the second level of the New World Kirkpatrick model. CONCLUSIONS The great heterogeneity in DM training highlights the particularity of these educational programs. The lack of monitoring and the low usage of existing M&E frameworks highlighted a lack of awareness and standardization in the field. The mismatch between the learning objectives and the evaluation process led to deceptive evaluations, which may have resulted in graduates being deemed ready to deploy despite facing hardships in real-world settings, potentially leading to unprepared responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Teo Voicescu
- CRIMEDIM-Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Emergency Medicine Discipline - Department 6 Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy.
| | - Hamdi Lamine
- CRIMEDIM-Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andra Elena Loșonți
- Department Paediatrics III, Emergency Clinic Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eugenia Maria Lupan-Mureșan
- Emergency Medicine Discipline - Department 6 Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Emergency Medicine Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Luka
- Emergency Medicine Discipline - Department 6 Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Emergency Medicine Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - José García Ulerio
- CRIMEDIM-Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Ragazzoni
- CRIMEDIM-Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Francesco Della Corte
- CRIMEDIM-Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Caviglia
- CRIMEDIM-Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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de Ligt KM, Hommes S, Vromans RD, Boomstra E, van de Poll LV, Krahmer EJ. Improving the Implementation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measure in Clinical Practice: Tackling Current Challenges With Innovative Digital Communication Technologies. J Med Internet Res 2025; 27:e60777. [PMID: 39908539 DOI: 10.2196/60777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Implementation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in clinical practice is challenging. We believe effective communication is key to realizing the clinical benefits of PROMs. Communication processes for PROMs in clinical practice typically involve (1) health care professionals (HCPs) inviting patients to complete PROMs, (2) patients completing PROMs, (3) HCPs and patients interpreting the resulting patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and (4) HCPs and patients using PROs for health management. Yet, communication around PROMs remains underexplored. Importantly, patients differ in their skills, knowledge, preferences, and motivations for completing PROMs, as well as in their ability and willingness to interpret and apply PROs in managing their health. Despite this, current communication practices often fail to account for these differences. This paper highlights the importance of personalized communication to make PROMs accessible to diverse populations. Personalizing communication manually is highly labor-intensive, but several digital technologies can offer a feasible solution to accommodate various patients. Despite their potential, these technologies have not yet been applied to PROMs. We explore how existing principles and tools, such as automatic data-to-text generation (including multimodal outputs like text combined with data visualizations) and conversational agents, can enable personalized communication of PROMs in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M de Ligt
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Saar Hommes
- Department Communication and Cognition, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Ruben D Vromans
- Department Communication and Cognition, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Eva Boomstra
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lonneke V van de Poll
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Emiel J Krahmer
- Department Communication and Cognition, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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Yang P, Zhao X, Zhang X, Li A. Intercultural competence of Chinese students abroad: An investigation under Sino-foreign Cooperative Education Programs. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0316937. [PMID: 39908234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of Sino-Foreign Cooperative Education Programs highlights the critical role of intercultural competence (IC) for Chinese students studying abroad. While extensive research exists on domestic contexts, empirical studies on Chinese students' experiences at foreign partner institutions remain scarce. This study addresses this gap by examining the intercultural competence of Chinese students in these programs and identifying key factors influencing their development. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study surveyed 130 Chinese students in Ireland and conducted WeChat video interviews with 16 participants. The results indicate that Chinese students generally exhibit moderately high levels of IC. Language proficiency, intercultural training, and intercultural contact experiences were significantly and positively associated with IC, while gender showed no significant correlation. These findings highlight the complex interplay of factors shaping intercultural competence in international education. The study offers valuable insights for educators and policymakers to improve intercultural training and support in Sino-Foreign Cooperative Education Programs. It also fills a key research gap by providing empirical evidence on Chinese students' intercultural experiences abroad, laying the groundwork for future research and practical improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yang
- School of Foreign Languages for International Business, Hebei Finance University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangge Zhao
- School of Foreign Languages for International Business, Hebei Finance University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Foreign Languages for International Business, Hebei Finance University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Anran Li
- School of Foreign Languages for International Business, Hebei Finance University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Davis-Stober CP, Sarafoglou A, Aczel B, Chandramouli SH, Errington TM, Field SM, Fishbach A, Freire J, Ioannidis JPA, Oberauer K, Pestilli F, Ressl S, Schad DJ, Ter Schure J, Tentori K, van Ravenzwaaij D, Vandekerckhove J, Gundersen OE. How can we make sound replication decisions? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2025; 122:e2401236121. [PMID: 39869811 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401236121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Replication and the reported crises impacting many fields of research have become a focal point for the sciences. This has led to reforms in publishing, methodological design and reporting, and increased numbers of experimental replications coordinated across many laboratories. While replication is rightly considered an indispensable tool of science, financial resources and researchers' time are quite limited. In this perspective, we examine different values and attitudes that scientists can consider when deciding whether to replicate a finding and how. We offer a conceptual framework for assessing the usefulness of various replication tools, such as preregistration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clintin P Davis-Stober
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Alexandra Sarafoglou
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Methods Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1001 NK, The Netherlands
| | - Balazs Aczel
- Department of Affective Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest 1063, Hungary
| | - Suyog H Chandramouli
- Department of Information and Computer Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | | | - Sarahanne M Field
- Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen 9712 TJ, The Netherlands
| | - Ayelet Fishbach
- Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Juliana Freire
- Department of Computer Science, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY 10011
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY 10011
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Klaus Oberauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland
| | - Franco Pestilli
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Susanne Ressl
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Daniel J Schad
- Institute of Mind, Brain and Behavior, Psychology Department, Health and Medical University, Potsdam 14471, Germany
| | - Judith Ter Schure
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Katya Tentori
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto 38068, Italy
| | - Don van Ravenzwaaij
- Department of Psychology, Psychometrics and Statistics, University of Groningen, Groningen 9712 TS, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Vandekerckhove
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Logic & Philosophy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Odd Erik Gundersen
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7030, Norway
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Nakamoto Y, Mori T. The unskilled-and-unaware problem and performance feedback in monotonous, easily accustomed, and repetitive work. Sci Rep 2025; 15:4222. [PMID: 39905105 PMCID: PMC11794710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-88457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/06/2025] Open
Abstract
The current research examined whether people predict their performance on monotonous, easily accustomed, and repetitive (MEAR) tasks accurately and confirm the effects of performance feedback on their MEAR work predictions. Considering typing on the keyboard as an MEAR task in modern society, 128 university students were asked to type a 12-digit number displayed on each monitor within 5 minutes, explaining that there would be 75 typing problems and participants would receive 20 yen per correct answer. Additionally, participants were informed that they could earn money by reaching a self-determined performance target, with the condition that if they did not reach their self-set goal, they would not receive any earnings. The main findings were as follows: Regardless of the performance levels of typing on keyboards, only 23% of the participants reached the goal, indicating that the absence of performance feedback led to individuals' overestimation of performance. In contrast, providing feedback significantly improved performance predictions: 76% of the participants reached the goal with feedback on their own performance, 70% with feedback on others' performance, and 88% with feedback on both their own and others' performance information. Specifically, the effects between one's own and others' performance feedback did not vary at statistically significant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoharu Mori
- College of Comprehensive Psychology, Ritsumeikan University, Ibaraki, Japan
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12
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Peter LJ, McLaren T, Tomczyk S, Muehlan H, Schmidt S, Schomerus G. Psychometric validation of the continuum beliefs of mental illness scale (CB-MIS) and its associations with stigma. BMC Psychiatry 2025; 25:96. [PMID: 39905349 PMCID: PMC11796137 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-06467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuum beliefs of mental health and illness are robustly negatively correlated with mental illness stigma. However, there is a lack of multidimensional and validated measures, not entirely relying on vignettes. METHODS To develop such a scale, a pool of 37 items adapted from other studies on continuum beliefs, was initially examined in expert discussions and a convenience sample (N = 227, Mage=32 years, 80.6% female). Items were selected based on theoretical tenability and assigned to pre-defined facets of "State", "Person", and nosological "Concept" in relation to mental illness. In a second sample (N = 1375; Mage=42 years; 65.2% female), the Continuum Beliefs of Mental Illness Scale (CB-MIS) was psychometrically tested (i.e. factorial, convergent, discriminant validity). RESULTS The scale comprises three subscales with three items, and one optional vignette-based item each, rated on a 5-point Likert scale. It showed very good factorial and discriminant validity, associations with stigma were moderately negative. The scale exhibited good test-retest reliability over a period of six months. CONCLUSIONS A validated, practical, multifaceted measure is offered to evaluate beliefs regarding the continuum of mental health and illness. Future studies should conduct subgroup-specific investigations regarding sociodemographic and illness variables, and could apply this measure to anti-stigma interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00023557. Registered 11/12/2020. World Health Organization, Universal Trial Number: U1111-1264-9954. Registered 16/02/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina-Jolien Peter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Thomas McLaren
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Samuel Tomczyk
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger Muehlan
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Health & Medical University Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Silke Schmidt
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Cooper E, Fitton L, Werfel K. Hearing Loss Health Literacy in Speech-Language Pathologists: Impact of Academic Training and On-the-Job Experience. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2025; 68:740-761. [PMID: 39723924 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-24-00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore if academic training and/or on-the-job experience predicts general health literacy, hearing loss health literacy, and self confidence levels of speech-language pathologists (SLPs). METHOD Participants included 423 SLPs with differing levels of academic training and on-the-job experience working with children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). General health literacy, hearing loss health literacy, and confidence levels treating children who are DHH were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics, Pearson's r correlations, and multiple linear regression models. RESULTS SLPs had high levels of general health literacy but marginal to low levels of hearing loss health literacy. Neither academic training nor on-the-job experience predicted general health literacy, but they were predictive of hearing loss terminology knowledge. Only on-the-job experience predicted in-depth hearing loss content knowledge. There was an interaction of training and experience for confidence of SLPs in treating children who are DHH. SLPs with greater years of experience exhibited lower confidence with an increasing amount of coursework, whereas SLPs with fewer years of experience displayed higher confidence with an increasing amount of coursework. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that the driving factor for development of in-depth hearing loss health literacy in SLPs is on-the-job experience. Methods of integrating experiential learning into academic training should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Cooper
- University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, Dallas, TX
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14
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Bareket O, Fiske ST. Lost opportunities: How gendered arrangements harm men. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2025; 122:e2320788122. [PMID: 39854258 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320788122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Traditional gendered arrangements-norms, roles, prejudices, and hierarchies-shape every human life. Associated harms are primarily framed as women's issues due to more severe consequences women face. Yet, gendered arrangements also shape men's relationships, career paths, and health. Current work on gender equity overlooks men's perspectives. Despite benefits they gain from out-ranking women, men's position paradoxically entraps them in restrictive roles, compelling them to prioritize dominance. An inclusive framework challenges prevailing narratives by considering personal costs borne by men. Identifying with a man's traditional role is a mixed privilege, as five gendered arrangements show for men who subscribe to them: 1. Masculine norms can restrict men's choices and are associated with adverse health trajectories; 2. Some men's disengagement from communal roles denies them positive outcomes associated with caring for others; 3. Hostile sexism fosters antipathy, fueling tension in some men's interactions with women; 4. Benevolent sexism forces some men into scripted interactions, preventing genuine connections and burdening them with unrealistic breadwinner and protector roles; 5. Societal shifts in gender hierarchies can elicit threat responses in men, depending on intersections with social class and racial identities. Understanding costs to men calls for more empirical research. Gender equity for men, whose circumstances differ from those of women, would enable men to make informed choices and achieve better outcomes for themselves-paralleling the progress women have made in many areas of life. Striving for equity for all genders can ultimately enhance overall human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Bareket
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Susan T Fiske
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
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15
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Bracho Montes de Oca EA, Int Panis L, Verbrugghe M, De Waegeneer E, Cagnie B, de Geus B, De Pauw R. Exploring the causal paths and longitudinal impact of telework on health: the TeleHealth survey-data linkage study protocol. BMJ Open 2025; 15:e096105. [PMID: 39900421 PMCID: PMC11795372 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-096105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/05/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition from traditional office work to telework has accelerated significantly since the late 20th century, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its widespread adoption, the long-term health impacts of telework remain unclear. This study seeks to clarify the telework-health relationship by integrating longitudinal self-reported health data with health-related administrative records. METHODS AND ANALYSIS An online self-reported longitudinal survey with four follow-ups of 6 months each, starting in November 2024, will be set up and linked with administrative data sources. In total, a non-probabilistic sample of 5000 non-teleworkers and teleworkers will be recruited. This survey will mainly assess the effect of teleworking on mental (eg, depression and anxiety) and physical (eg, pain) health. Administrative data (eg, healthcare consumption contacts and socioeconomic status) will be extracted from Belgian administrative data sources (Statistics Belgium and the InterMutualistic Agency) for the same period. This administrative data will be linked to the survey data using the Social Security ID. The underlying relationships between telework and health will be analysed via regression models and mediation models embedded in the natural effects framework. The analysis will aim to (1) identify the impact of telework on self-reported health and administrative data, (2) identify the moderators and mediators between the telework-health relationship, (3) understand the long-term patterns of telework and health interaction and (4) predict the health outcomes of teleworkers. To mitigate biases associated with non-probabilistic samples and attrition, standardised probability weights scoring will be derived from the data. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study involves human participants and has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent (Nr°. ONZ-2023-0630). The participants will participate in the study after signing an informed consent form. The study will be disseminated in academic journals, on (social) media and on the project website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Antonio Bracho Montes de Oca
- IACCHOS, Universite catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Laura Int Panis
- IACCHOS, Universite catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussel, Belgium
| | | | - Els De Waegeneer
- Mensura Externe dienst voor preventie en bescherming, Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Cagnie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bas de Geus
- IACCHOS, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Robby De Pauw
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussel, Belgium
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16
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Wu S. "Sharing Is Caring Even When It's Wrong": The Factors Influencing Health Misinformation Sharing and Relational Correction Among Chinese Older Adults from a Cultural Perspective. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2025:1-15. [PMID: 39898368 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2025.2457188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
It is known that older adults are more susceptible to misinformation, and older adults sharing health misinformation is a growing concern. This study explores the factors influencing health misinformation sharing and relational correction among Chinese older adults from a cultural perspective. Guided by the PEN-3 cultural model, we conducted focus groups and in-depth interviews with 79 participants in China to understand the cultural and contextual factors of misinformation sharing. We found that (a) older adults actively shared health misinformation influenced by negative factors such as values of familial ties, need for respect, reciprocity, and initiation of conversation; (b) existential factors such as fact-checking tendency; (c) positive factors such as fatal information avoidance, political identify, awareness of marketing targeting, and social responsibility. Additionally, we found that older adults tend to switch to a silent mode of relational correction for factors such as harmony and face. This research extends the model's applicability and provides localized insights for developing culturally sensitive health communication strategies to mitigate the spread of health misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Wang
- Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Yimeng Xu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University
| | - Shiwen Wu
- Center for Studies of Media Development, Wuhan University
- School of Journalism and Communication, Wuhan University
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17
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Dawar R, Grimm LJ, Sonnenblick EB, Dontchos BN, Coffey K, Goudreau S, Reig B, Jacobs SA, Shah Z, Mullen L, Dialani V, Dawar R, Sayre J, Dodelzon K, Parikh JR, Milch HS. Mammography Home Workstations and Remote Diagnostic Breast Imaging: Current Practice Patterns and Planned Future Directions. JOURNAL OF BREAST IMAGING 2025:wbae087. [PMID: 39899373 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbae087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess current practices and plans regarding home workstations and remote diagnostic breast imaging in the United States. METHODS A 43-question survey relating to remote breast imaging was distributed to Society of Breast Imaging members from July 6, 2023, through August 2, 2023. A descriptive summary of responses was performed. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to compare demographic variables of respondents and questions of interest. RESULTS In total, 424 surveys were completed (response rate 13%, 424/3244). One-third of breast imaging radiologists (31%, 132/424) reported reading examinations from home or a personal remote site for a median of 25% of their clinical time. The most common types of examinations read from home were screening mammography (90%, 119/132), screening US (58%, 77/132), diagnostic mammography and MRI (both 53%, 70/132), and diagnostic US (49%, 65/132). Respondents from private practices were more likely than those from academic practices to read diagnostic imaging from home (67%, 35/52 vs 29%, 15/52; P <.001). Respondents practicing in the West were less likely to read breast imaging examinations from home compared with those in other geographic regions (18%, 12/67 vs 28%-43% for other regions; P = .023). No differences were found among respondents' overall use of home workstations based on age, gender, or having dependents. Most respondents (75%, 318/424) felt that remote breast reading would be a significant practice pattern in the future. CONCLUSION Home workstations for mammography and remote diagnostic breast imaging are a considerable U.S. practice pattern. Further research should explore radiologist preferences regarding remote breast imaging and its impact on clinical care and radiologist well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Dawar
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lars J Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emily B Sonnenblick
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian N Dontchos
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally Goudreau
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beatriu Reig
- Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zeeshan Shah
- Elite Breast Imaging/Radiology Partners, El Segundo, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Mullen
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vandana Dialani
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reema Dawar
- Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Sayre
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Dodelzon
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jay R Parikh
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hannah S Milch
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Watkins CD. Mate assessment based on physical characteristics: a review and reflection. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2025; 100:113-130. [PMID: 39175167 PMCID: PMC11718632 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Mate choice, and sex differences in romantic behaviours, represented one of the first major applications of evolutionary biology to human behaviour. This paper reviews Darwinian approaches to heterosexual mate assessment based on physical characteristics, placing the literature in its historical context (1871-1979), before turning (predominantly) to psychological research on attractiveness judgements based on physical characteristics. Attractiveness is consistently inferred across multiple modalities, with biological theories explaining why we differentiate certain individuals, on average, from others. Simultaneously, it is a judgement that varies systematically in light of our own traits, environment, and experiences. Over 30 years of research has generated robust effects alongside reasons to be humble in our lack of understanding of the precise physiological mechanisms involved in mate assessment. This review concludes with three questions to focus attention in further research, and proposes that our romantic preferences still provide a critical window into the evolution of human sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Watkins
- Division of Psychology and Forensic Sciences, School of Applied SciencesAbertay UniversityKydd Building, Bell StreetDundeeDD11HGUK
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19
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Hadden IR, Darnon C, Doyle L, Easterbrook MJ, Goudeau S, Cimpian A. Why the belief in meritocracy is so pervasive. Trends Cogn Sci 2025; 29:101-104. [PMID: 39794244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025]
Abstract
People worldwide tend to believe that their societies are more meritocratic than they actually are. We propose the belief in meritocracy is widespread because it is rooted in simple, seemingly obvious causal-explanatory intuitions. Our proposal suggests solutions for debunking the myth of meritocracy and increasing support for equity-oriented policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Darnon
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lewis Doyle
- University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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20
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Richter R, Jansen J, van der Kraan J, Abbaspoor W, Bongaerts I, Pouwels F, Vilters C, Rademakers J, van der Weijden T. How Inclusive Are Patient Decision Aids for People with Limited Health Literacy? An Analysis of Understandability Criteria and the Communication about Options and Probabilities. Med Decis Making 2025; 45:143-155. [PMID: 39673417 PMCID: PMC11736975 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x241302288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patient decision aids (PtDAs) can support shared decision making. We aimed to explore how inclusive PtDAs are for people with limited health literacy (LHL) by analyzing 1) the understandability of PtDAs using established criteria, 2) how options and probabilities of outcomes are communicated, and 3) the extent to which risk communication (RC) guidelines are followed. METHODS In a descriptive document analysis, we analyzed Dutch PtDAs available in 2021 that met the International Patient Decision Aid Standards. We developed and pilot tested a data extraction form based on key RC and health literacy literature. RESULTS Most PtDAs (151/198) met most of the understandability criteria on layout (7-8 out of 8 items) such as font size but not on content aspects (121/198 PtDAs scored 5-7 out of 12 items) such as defining medical terms. Only 31 of 198 PtDAs used a short and simple sentence structure. Most PtDAs presented 2 to 4 treatment options. Many followed RC recommendations such as the use of numerical RC strategies such as percentages or natural frequencies (160/198) and visual formats such as icon arrays (91/198). Only 10 used neutral framing (10/198). When presented, uncertainty was presented verbally (134/198) or in ranges (58/198). Four PtDAs were co-created together with patients with LHL and used only verbal RC or no RC. CONCLUSION Most PtDAs met most of the understandability criteria on layout, but content aspects and adherence to RC strategies can be improved. Many PtDAs used long sentences and mostly verbal RC and are therefore likely to be inappropriate for patients with LHL. Further research is needed on PtDA characteristics and RC strategies suitable for people with LHL. HIGHLIGHTS Despite meeting most criteria for understandability, many of the Dutch PtDAs use long sentences, which likely impede comprehension for patients with LHL.Most of the Dutch PtDAs follow established recommendations for risk communication, with room for improvement for some strategies such as framing and a clear reference to the time frame.Overall, more research is needed to tailor PtDAs to the needs of people with LHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Richter
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesse Jansen
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wais Abbaspoor
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Bongaerts
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur Pouwels
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Celine Vilters
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jany Rademakers
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Trudy van der Weijden
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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21
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Bamberg C, Roefs A. The impact of dietary claims on behaviour: Expectations qualify how actual satiety affects cognitive performance. Appetite 2025; 206:107823. [PMID: 39681142 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
Dietary choices significantly impact health and daily cognitive performance, prompting various recommendations for eating habits. Whereas much research has focused on the effects of actual satiety on cognitive performance, the influence of expectations regarding effects of satiety on performance remains underexplored. This study aims to address this gap by examining how the expectation of satiety influences cognitive outcomes, building on existing findings that highlight the role of placebo effects in shaping eating behaviour. This study manipulated participants' expectations of how their satiety (satiated versus hungry) affects their concentration through verbal placebo suggestions and measured effects on their cognitive performance. The sample consisted of four groups who were either satiated or hungry and either read the suggestion that their satiety state enhances or deteriorates their concentration. The suggestion was formulated as a scientific finding. Cognitive performance was measured remotely using a Simon Task. Results showed that if participants' actual satiety state was paired with a positive expectation regarding the state they were in, their performance was better than if it was paired with a negative expectation regarding their current satiety state. So, actual satiety state was not the main driver of cognitive performance, but what participants were led to believe about their current satiety state was. These findings suggest that instructions in intervention studies should be phrased carefully to avoid expectation-related confounds. Additionally, verbal placebo suggestions could be a promising method to enhance cognitive performance in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bamberg
- Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Kapitelgasse 4/6, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Anne Roefs
- Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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22
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Hu H, Zhao Y, Guo D, Deng Y, Luo H, Hao Y, Sun C, Yu K. Cognitive function differs across healthy lifestyle behavior profiles: a 10-year population-based prospective cohort study. J Nutr Health Aging 2025; 29:100487. [PMID: 39818010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modifiable lifestyle behaviors significantly influence the risk of cognitive impairment. However, the cumulative effects of multidimensional lifestyle profiles on cognitive function remain poorly understood, as most studies examine individual lifestyle behaviors in isolation. This study aimed to identify distinct profiles of individuals based on healthy lifestyle behaviors and to examine associations between these profiles and cognitive function in older Chinese adults. METHODS We used a prospective cohort, including 5381 participants of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) between 2008 and 2018, aged 65 years and older with normal cognition at baseline. Questionnaires were used to collect self-reported data on healthy diet, sleep quality, physical activities, cognitive activities, and social activities. Repeated measures of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were utilized to assess cognitive function. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify profiles characterized by similar characteristics of lifestyle behaviors. The resultant profiles, were then used to further explore associations with cognitive function using cox proportional hazard regression and linear mixed models. RESULTS During a 10-year follow-up period, 2017 (37.5%) out of 5381 participants developed cognitive impairment. Three latent profiles were identified: (1) "active engagement" (n = 347, 6.4%); (2) "moderate engagement" (n = 627, 11.7%); and (3) "negative engagement" (n = 4407, 81.9%). Compared to negative engagement, the active profile had the lower risk of cognitive impairment (HR = 0.693, 95% CI: 0.553-0.868), longer years to develop cognitive impairment (mean = 7.818, range: 6.701, 8.935) and slower rate of annual cognitive decline (0.407 points per year). Similarly, the moderate engagement profile had the lower risk of cognitive impairment (HR = 0.781, 95% CI: 0.664-0.919), longer years to develop cognitive impairment (mean = 7.541, 95%CI: 6.464, 8.619) and slower rate of annual cognitive decline (0.297 points per year) compared to negative profile. Subgroup analysis revealed that there were no significant differences observed across any of the subgroups, including age, gender, year of schooling, marital status, residence, live alone, family economic status. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply the likelihood of an inverse correlation between the levels of engagement in healthy lifestyle behavior and the risk of cognitive impairment. Even adopting a few healthy lifestyle habits is superior to none at all, underscoring the value of lifestyle modifications for cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiu Hu
- Department of Nursing, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Luo
- Department of Nursing, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Hao
- Department of Nursing, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Nursing, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Solomon B, Topp M, Solomon DJA, Solomon D. Mental Health Experiences Among Undergraduate Nursing Students in a New Zealand Tertiary Institution: A Time for Change. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2025; 34:e13464. [PMID: 39482877 PMCID: PMC11771543 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
Nursing students in undergraduate programmes exhibit comparable, sometimes higher, levels of poor mental health and substance use compared to the general population; however, this area remains under-researched in New Zealand. The study involved 172 nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor of Nursing programme at one tertiary institution in Auckland, New Zealand. Employing a mixed-methodology approach, a 29-question survey comprising both open and closed questions was administered to explore the students' experiences with mental health and substance use, as well as their access to support services. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 29 descriptive statistics, while a general inductive approach guided the qualitative analysis. A significant proportion of participants (75%) reported experiencing emotional distress during their studies, with anxiety being the most prevalent (78.5%). A smaller percentage disclosed substance use (8.1%) including excessive alcohol use, cannabis use, nicotine use, vaping cannabis and some refusal to reveal substance use. Surprisingly, less than 1% (n = 0.6) utilised institutional support services. Three qualitative themes were identified including emotional distress and associated effects, emotional and psychological impacts on nursing students' academic journey and tertiary support systems. The findings highlight the urgent need to address the mental health and addiction challenges experienced by nursing students, given their potential adverse effects on academic success and overall well-being. Urgent action is needed to integrate mental health training into the curriculum and provide faculty support. In this study, the underutilisation and inadequacy of institutional support services signal a need for institutional reforms to provide access and personalised mental health support to nursing students. Providing essential skills and support for student success contributes to the overall well-being of the nursing workforce.
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