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Gao D, Bing C, Griffiths HR. Disrupted adipokine secretion and inflammatory responses in human adipocyte hypertrophy. Adipocyte 2025; 14:2485927. [PMID: 40176539 PMCID: PMC11980453 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2025.2485927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 12/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte hypertrophy is a critical contributor to obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. This study employed a human adipocyte hypertrophy model to investigate the adipokine release, inflammatory responses, and the intracellular singling pathways. Hypertrophic adipocytes exhibited increased lipid content and lipolysis, a decline of anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin release and an increase of pro-inflammatory adipokine leptin release compared to mature adipocytes. Moreover, TNFα and LPS exacerbated the decrease in adiponectin secretion by hypertrophic adipocytes while promoting the secretion of leptin, MCP-1 and IL-6, which is associated with impaired activation of p38 and JNK MAPK and persistent activation of ERK and IκBα in hypertrophic adipocytes. These altered adipokine secretions and inflammatory responses within hypertrophic adipocytes may contribute to adipocyte dysfunction in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Bing
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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2
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Agadagba SK, Yau SY, Liang Y, Dalton K, Thompson B. Bidirectional causality of physical exercise in retinal neuroprotection. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:3400-3415. [PMID: 39688575 PMCID: PMC11974656 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is recognized as an effective intervention to improve mood, physical performance, and general well-being. It achieves these benefits through cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote the release of neuroprotective factors. Interestingly, reduced levels of physical exercise have been implicated in several central nervous system diseases, including ocular disorders. Emerging evidence has suggested that physical exercise levels are significantly lower in individuals with ocular diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy. Physical exercise may have a neuroprotective effect on the retina. Therefore, the association between reduced physical exercise and ocular diseases may involve a bidirectional causal relationship whereby visual impairment leads to reduced physical exercise and decreased exercise exacerbates the development of ocular disease. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking physical exercise to eye disease and identify potential mediators of physical exercise-induced retinal neuroprotection. Finally, we discuss future directions for preclinical and clinical research in exercise and eye health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K. Agadagba
- Center for Eye and Vision Research Limited, 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Suk-yu Yau
- Center for Eye and Vision Research Limited, 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Center for Eye and Vision Research Limited, 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kristine Dalton
- Center for Eye and Vision Research Limited, 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- Center for Eye and Vision Research Limited, 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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3
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Wang H, Qin Y, Niu J, Chen H, Lu X, Wang R, Han J. Evolving perspectives on evaluating obesity: from traditional methods to cutting-edge techniques. Ann Med 2025; 57:2472856. [PMID: 40077889 PMCID: PMC11912248 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2472856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2025] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective: This review examines the evolution of obesity evaluation methods, from traditional anthropometric indices to advanced imaging techniques, focusing on their clinical utility, limitations, and potential for personalized assessment of visceral adiposity and associated metabolic risks. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of existing literature was conducted, encompassing anthropometric indices (BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, NC), lipid-related metrics (LAP, VAI, CVAI, mBMI), and imaging technologies (3D scanning, BIA, ultrasound, DXA, CT, MRI). The study highlights the biological roles of white, brown, and beige adipocytes, emphasizing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as a critical mediator of metabolic diseases. Conclusion: Although BMI and other anthropometric measurements are still included in the guidelines, indicators that incorporate lipid metabolism information can more accurately reflect the relationship between metabolic diseases and visceral obesity. At the same time, the use of more modern medical equipment, such as ultrasound, X-rays, and CT scans, allows for a more intuitive assessment of the extent of visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyue Wang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinzhu Niu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haowen Chen
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinda Lu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianli Han
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Huang W, Zhu W, Lin Y, Chan FKL, Xu Z, Ng SC. Roseburia hominis improves host metabolism in diet-induced obesity. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2467193. [PMID: 39976263 PMCID: PMC11845086 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2467193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025] Open
Abstract
Next-generation live biotherapeutics are promising to aid the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Here, we reported a novel anti-obesity probiotic candidate, Roseburia hominis, that was depleted in stool samples of obese subjects compared with lean controls, and its abundance was negatively correlated with body mass index and serum triglycerides. Supplementation of R. hominis prevented body weight gain and disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, prevented fatty liver, inhibited white adipose tissue expansion and brown adipose tissue whitening in mice fed with high-fat diet, and boosted the abundance of lean-related species. The effects of R. hominis could be partially attributed to the production of nicotinamide riboside and upregulation of the Sirtuin1/mTOR signaling pathway. These results indicated that R. hominis is a promising candidate for the development of next-generation live biotherapeutics for the prevention of obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Huang
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyi Zhu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francis K. L. Chan
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhilu Xu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siew C. Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Zhou J, Guo Y, Liu X, Yuan W. Bioinformatics analysis identifies key secretory protein-encoding differentially expressed genes in adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome. Adipocyte 2025; 14:2446243. [PMID: 39819282 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2446243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify key secretory protein-encoding differentially expressed genes (SP-DEGs) in adipose tissue in female metabolic syndrome, thus detecting potential targets in treatment. We examined gene expression profiles in 8 women with metabolic syndrome and 7 healthy, normal body weight women. A total of 143 SP-DEGs were screened, including 83 upregulated genes and 60 downregulated genes. GO analyses of these SP-DEGs included proteolysis, angiogenesis, positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation, immune response, protein processing, positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation, cell adhesion and ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport. KEGG pathway analysis of the SP-DEGs were involved in the TGF-beta signalling pathway, cytokine‒cytokine receptor interactions, the hippo signalling pathway, Malaria. Two modules were identified from the PPI network, namely, Module 1 (DNMT1, KDM1A, NCoR1, and E2F1) and Module 2 (IL-7 R, IL-12A, and CSF3). The gene DNMT1 was shared between the network modules and the WGCNA brown module. According to the single-gene GSEA results, DNMT1 was significantly positively correlated with histidine metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism. This study identified 7 key SP-DEGs in adipose tissue. DNMT1 was selected as the central gene in the development of metabolic syndrome and might be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunshan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Todorović N, Kuzmanovic J, Javorac D, Ostojic SM. Role of molecular hydrogen in obesity treatment: modulation of GLP-1, irisin, and PGC-1α for improved metabolism. Med Gas Res 2025; 15:442-443. [PMID: 40251025 DOI: 10.4103/mgr.medgasres-d-24-00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/20/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Todorović
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia (Todorović N, Kuzmanovic J, Javorac D, Ostojic SM)
| | - Jovan Kuzmanovic
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia (Todorović N, Kuzmanovic J, Javorac D, Ostojic SM)
| | - Dejan Javorac
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia (Todorović N, Kuzmanovic J, Javorac D, Ostojic SM)
| | - Sergej M Ostojic
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia (Todorović N, Kuzmanovic J, Javorac D, Ostojic SM)
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway (Ostojic SM)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (Ostojic SM)
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7
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Wang T, Tang C, Xiao M, He M, Li Y, Li X. Characteristics of lipid accumulation induced by high-altitude environment improve the total antioxidant capacity of Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Food Chem 2025; 480:143812. [PMID: 40112714 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/07/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and nutritional supplement, which is rich in functional components beneficial to health. The biosynthesis of these components is affected by environment factors, especially lipids. This study analyzed the lipid mass spectrometry characteristics and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of O. sinensis in 5 different altitude environments and explored the important contributions of environmental factors. The pathway of glycerophospholipid metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in O. sinensis was activated by altitude (AM) and mean annual temperature (MAT) at high altitudes. This stimulated the degradation of triglycerides (TG) and the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), promoted the accumulation of free radical scavenging (FRS) abilities and antioxidant components (AC), and increased its TAC. This study reflects the important role of high altitude environment on lipid metabolism and the formation of bioactive components in O. sinensis and provides a scientific basis for exploring its medicinal value and nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Chuyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Mengjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xiuzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
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8
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Binmahfouz LS, Al Otaibi A, Binmahfouz NS, Abdel-Naim AB, Eid BG, Shaik RA, Bagher AM. Luteolin modulates the TGFB1/PI3K/PTEN axis in hormone-induced uterine leiomyomas: Insights from a rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2025; 996:177439. [PMID: 40043870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (UL), or fibroids, are non-cancerous tumors of the uterine smooth muscle, affecting approximately 70% of women of reproductive age. They are the most prevalent solid tumors in the gynecological tract and a major indication for hysterectomy. The pathogenesis of UL involves uterine inflammation, uncontrolled cell division, and suppressed apoptosis. This study evaluated the protective effects of luteolin, a flavonoid known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, against diethylstilbestrol and progesterone-induced UL in female rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) luteolin (10 mg/kg, PO), (3) UL (diethylstilbestrol 1.35 mg/kg + progesterone 1 mg/kg, SC), and (4) UL + luteolin (10 mg/kg). The treatment duration was five weeks. Histological analyses were performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's Trichrome staining to evaluate uterine architecture and fibrosis. Histological results demonstrated normal uterine architecture in the control and luteolin groups, with marked neoplastic cell proliferation and fibrosis in the UL group, significantly mitigated by luteolin treatment. Luteolin reduced uterine weights and exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative effects. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that luteolin significantly reduced α-SMA protein expression, suggesting its role in modulating fibrotic pathways by inhibiting TGF-β1 and PI3K and enhancing PTEN production. These findings highlight luteolin's potential as a non-invasive therapeutic option for UL and suggest the need for further clinical studies to establish its efficacy, optimize dosage, and evaluate its safety profile in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenah S Binmahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Al Otaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Maternal and Children Specialist Hospital, Jeddah, 23816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa S Binmahfouz
- Department of Anatomical Histopathology, East Jeddah General Hospital, Jeddah, 22253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma G Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed A Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Fang L, Li W, Zhao H, Wang W, Gao H, Wang P, Zhang X, Lv R, Xu F, Chen J, Lyu L, Chen Y. Irisin alleviates steroid-induced vascular dysfunction by regulating the αVβ5-c-Abl-Caveolin-1 signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2025; 236:116870. [PMID: 40086515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2025.116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is a progressive degenerative disease of the hip, primarily due to glucocorticoid (GC)-induced endothelial cell (EC) injury and compromised blood supply. Irisin is an EC-protective mytokine whose receptor is the integrin αVβ5. Caveolin-1 (CAV-1), a major component of caveolae, causes endothelial dysfunction when phosphorylated. However, the role of irisin and CAV-1 in SANFH remains unclear. In our study, irisin levels decreased but CAV-1 phosphorylation increased in human and mouse SANFH samples. Intraperitoneal irisin injection (250 μg/kg daily) notably reduced GC-induced osteonecrosis, vascular abnormalities, and CAV-1 phosphorylation in SANFH mice. In cultured ECs, GC induced CAV-1 phosphorylation by activating c-Abl via the glucocorticoid receptor, and irisin inhibited GC-induced phosphorylation of c-Abl and CAV-1 via the integrin αVβ5. Inhibition of integrin αVβ5 also abolished the protective effects of irisin on ERK and eNOS signalling, viability, angiogenesis, and migration in ECs. Therefore, our findings indicate that irisin has a protective role against vascular dysfunction in SANFH, possibly mediated by the inhibition of GC-triggered c-Abl-CAV-1 phosphorylation through integrin αVβ5. These findings provide insights into the potential therapeutic applications of irisin in SANFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengqi Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruijuan Lv
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jiazheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Linmao Lyu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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10
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Yaligar J, Rengaraj A, Le GTT, Leow MKS, Eriksson JG, Ashokkumar B, Velan SS. Fatty Acylcarnitine Metabolism in Brown/Beige and White Fats by 13C HRMAS NMR Spectroscopy With Metabolic Interventions. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2025; 38:e70040. [PMID: 40230060 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.70040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) have distinct structural and physiological characteristics and serve opposing functions in the body. WAT primarily stores energy, whereas BAT is metabolically active and positively influences metabolic health, contributing to energy expenditure, reduced fat accumulation and enhanced mitochondrial metabolism. Recently, both classical BAT and beige fat (or inducible/recruitable BAT) that arises from the browning of WAT have attracted clinical interest as potential targets for improving mitochondrial metabolism and managing obesity-related metabolic disorders. Currently, there is a lack of specific metabolic biomarkers for characterizing classical BAT and beige fat tissues, which are essential for evaluating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and screening browning agents for therapeutic use. In this study, we investigated the potential metabolic biomarker fatty acylcarnitine in interscapular BAT (iBAT) from the interscapular region and beige adipose tissue from the inguinal region of the animal using ex vivo 13C high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy. We examined how mitochondrial oxidative metabolism was altered in response to a high-fat diet (HFD) and how it was restored through iBAT activation using stimuli such as cold exposure and β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist, CL-316,243 treatment. We identified fatty acylcarnitine as a potential metabolic marker present in iBAT and beige tissues, whereas it was absent in iWAT. The concentration of fatty acylcarnitine significantly decreased in HFD-fed animals due to impaired lipolysis resulting in inefficient shuttling of fatty acids for mitochondrial β oxidation. However, its concentration increased or was restored in response to iBAT activation through either β3-AR agonist treatment or cold exposure, indicating a high-energy metabolic state with enhanced mitochondrial metabolism in iBAT. Fatty acylcarnitine shows promise as a biomarker for evaluating mitochondrial metabolism and for screening potential browning agents and nutraceuticals capable of inducing the browning of WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadegoud Yaligar
- Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anantharaj Rengaraj
- Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Giang Thi Thu Le
- Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - S Sendhil Velan
- Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore
- Human Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Qi G, Tang H, Hu J, Kang S, Qin S. Potential role of tanycyte-derived neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1599-1612. [PMID: 38934388 PMCID: PMC11688558 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tanycytes, specialized ependymal cells located in the hypothalamus, play a crucial role in the generation of new neurons that contribute to the neural circuits responsible for regulating the systemic energy balance. The precise coordination of the gene networks controlling neurogenesis in naive and mature tanycytes is essential for maintaining homeostasis in adulthood. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that govern the proliferation and differentiation of tanycytes into neurons remains limited. This article aims to review the recent advancements in research into the mechanisms and functions of tanycyte-derived neurogenesis. Studies employing lineage-tracing techniques have revealed that the neurogenesis specifically originating from tanycytes in the hypothalamus has a compensatory role in neuronal loss and helps maintain energy homeostasis during metabolic diseases. Intriguingly, metabolic disorders are considered early biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the neurogenic potential of tanycytes and the state of newborn neurons derived from tanycytes heavily depend on the maintenance of mild microenvironments, which may be disrupted in Alzheimer's disease due to the impaired blood-brain barrier function. However, the specific alterations and regulatory mechanisms governing tanycyte-derived neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that tanycyte-derived neurogenesis might be impaired in Alzheimer's disease, exacerbating neurodegeneration. Confirming this hypothesis, however, poses a challenge because of the lack of long-term tracing and nucleus-specific analyses of newborn neurons in the hypothalamus of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying tanycyte-derived neurogenesis holds promise for identifying small molecules capable of restoring tanycyte proliferation in neurodegenerative diseases. This line of investigation could provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibo Qi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianian Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siying Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Han X, Zeng X, Gao S, Zhang Q, Zheng K, Yang H, Hu B, Ding C. Adipose-targeted nanohybrid as a browning inducer for synergistic hyperthermia-pharmacotherapy of obesity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 687:540-551. [PMID: 39978259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2025.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Inducing adipose browning to increase energy expenditure has recently emerged as a promising approach for antiobesity treatment. However, its therapeutic efficacy is often limited by poor adipose-targeted drug delivery and suboptimal browning efficiency. To address these challenges, an adipose-targeting aptamer (Apt8) and browning agent resveratrol (Res) were used to construct an Apt-modified and Res-loaded degradable mesoporous silica-coated Au nanorods nanocarriers (NC), termed Res@NC@Apt8, achieving adipose-targeted hyperthermia-pharmacotherapy. Upon internalization by adipocytes, laser irradiation induces mild local hyperthermia (LHT) via Res@NC@Apt8, triggering calcium ion (Ca2+) influx. Simultaneously, the interaction of the nanohybrid with local glutathione (GSH) releases Res. The dual mechanisms activate the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, reduce the lipid droplet content, enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, and accelerate metabolism, thereby synergistically promoting adipose browning. Intravenous Res@NC@Apt8 administration in obese mice significantly drives adipose reduction and further achieves excellent antiobesity therapeutic efficacy. This synergistic treatment achieves a superior weight reduction of 17.2% compared with 6.9% and 10.6% achieved using LHT and pharmacotherapy alone, respectively. This study introduces a novel strategy for achieving activatable LHT and drug release for synergetic obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Han
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Xiaohan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Huiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
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13
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Kim E, Tanzi RE, Choi SH. Therapeutic potential of exercise-hormone irisin in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1555-1564. [PMID: 38993140 PMCID: PMC11688551 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine that is generated by cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in response to physical exercise. Studies reveal that irisin/FNDC5 has neuroprotective functions against Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, by improving cognitive function and reducing amyloid-β and tau pathologies as well as neuroinflammation in cell culture or animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Although current and ongoing studies on irisin/FNDC5 show promising results, further mechanistic studies are required to clarify its potential as a meaningful therapeutic target for alleviating Alzheimer's disease. We recently found that irisin treatment reduces amyloid-β pathology by increasing the activity/levels of amyloid-β-degrading enzyme neprilysin secreted from astrocytes. Herein, we present an overview of irisin/FNDC5's protective roles and mechanisms against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Kim
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Se Hoon Choi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Santana-Oliveira DA, Souza-Tavares H, Fernandes-da-Silva A, Marinho TS, Silva-Veiga FM, Daleprane JB, Souza-Mello V. Obesity prevention by different exercise protocols (HIIT or MICT) involves beige adipocyte recruitment and improved mitochondrial dynamics in high-fat-fed mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2025; 602:112533. [PMID: 40157711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2025.112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2025] [Revised: 03/25/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on UCP1-dependent and UCP1-independent thermogenic and mitochondrial dynamics markers in the inguinal sWAT of high-fat-fed mice. METHODS Sixty male C57BL/6 mice (3 months old) were divided into six experimental groups: control diet (C), C + HIIT (C-HIIT), C + MICT (C-MICT), high-fat diet (HF), HF + HIIT (HF-HIIT) and HF + MICT (HF-MICT). The diet and exercise protocols started simultaneously and lasted ten weeks. RESULTS HIIT and MICT prevented body mass gain and fat pad expansion, improved insulin sensitivity, and induced browning in C-fed and HF-fed animals. Chronic intake of a HF diet caused adipocyte hypertrophy with a proinflammatory adipokine profile and impaired the expression of thermogenic and mitochondrial dynamics markers. However, both exercise intensities increased anti-inflammatory adipokine concentrations and improved gene markers of mitochondrial dynamics, resulting in sustained UCP1-dependent and UCP1-independent thermogenic markers and maintenance of the beige phenotype in inguinal sWAT. The principal component analysis placed all trained groups opposite the HF group and near the C group, ensuring the effectiveness of HIIT and MICT to prevent metabolic alterations. CONCLUSIONS This study provides reliable evidence that, regardless of intensity, exercise is a strategy to prevent obesity by reducing body fat accumulation and inducing browning. The anti-inflammatory adipokine profile and the increased expression of UCP1-dependent and UCP1-independent thermogenic markers sustained active beige adipocytes and mitochondrial enhancement to halt metabolic disturbances due to HF-feeding in exercised mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Araujo Santana-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henrique Souza-Tavares
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Fernandes-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thatiany Souza Marinho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics (LEING), Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology. Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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15
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Wu J, Tang J, Huang D, Wang Y, Zhou E, Ru Q, Xu G, Chen L, Wu Y. Study on the comorbid mechanisms of sarcopenia and late-life depression. Behav Brain Res 2025; 485:115538. [PMID: 40122287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/09/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
The increasing global aging population has brought greater focus to age-related diseases, particularly muscle-brain comorbidities such as sarcopenia and late-life depression. Sarcopenia, defined by the gradual loss of muscle mass and function, is notably prevalent among older individuals, while late-life depression profoundly affects their mental health and overall well-being. Epidemiological evidence suggests a high co-occurrence of these two conditions, although the precise biological mechanisms linking them remain inadequately understood. This review synthesizes the existing body of literature on sarcopenia and late-life depression, examining their definitions, prevalence, clinical presentations, and available treatments. The goal is to clarify the potential connections between these comorbidities and offer a theoretical framework for the development of future preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Wu
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health, Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health, Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Di Huang
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health, Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health, Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Enyuan Zhou
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health, Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Qin Ru
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health, Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health, Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health, Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health, Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
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16
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Khalaf F, Barayan D, Saldanha S, Jeschke MG. Metabolaging: a new geroscience perspective linking aging pathologies and metabolic dysfunction. Metabolism 2025; 166:156158. [PMID: 39947519 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 02/09/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Abstract
With age, our metabolic systems undergo significant alterations, which can lead to a cascade of adverse effects that are implicated in both metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, and in the body's ability to respond to acute stress and trauma. To elucidate the metabolic imbalances arising from aging, we introduce the concept of "metabolaging." This framework encompasses the broad spectrum of metabolic disruptions associated with the hallmarks of aging, including the functional decline of key metabolically active organs, like the adipose tissue. By examining how these organs interact with essential nutrient-sensing pathways, "metabolaging" provides a more comprehensive view of the systemic metabolic imbalances that occur with age. This concept extends to understanding how age-related metabolic disturbances can influence the response to acute stressors, like burn injuries, highlighting the interplay between metabolic dysfunction and the ability to handle severe physiological challenges. Finally, we propose potential interventions that hold promise in mitigating the effects of metabolaging and its downstream consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Khalaf
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; David Braley Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalia Barayan
- David Braley Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Saldanha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; David Braley Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; David Braley Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Freedman F, Marsk R, Yan J, Karlsson L, Sandborgh-Englund G. Dental outcomes after gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy: a register-based study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2025; 21:570-579. [PMID: 39710527 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2024.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery has been shown to cause a negative impact on oral health, as reflected by postsurgical increase of caries-related dental interventions. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare dental intervention rates after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). SETTING Nationwide and register-based (Sweden). METHODS This 2-staged matched cohort study included all adults who underwent RYGB (n = 26,594) or SG (n = 3416) between 2011 and 2015, registered in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Register. Propensity score matching was used to match SG patients to RYGB patients, based on several covariates. The follow-up time was 3 years after surgery. The dental variables were collected from the Dental Health Register, including tooth extractions, restorative interventions (dental fillings), and endodontic interventions (root canal treatment). RESULTS In total, 3317 RYGB and 3317 SG patients were included. Both groups showed increased dental event rates postoperatively. RYGB patients had significantly higher event rates compared with SG postoperatively regarding all interventions, restorative and endodontic interventions. CONCLUSIONS The negative effect on dental outcomes in terms of dental fillings and tooth extractions were higher after RYGB than after SG. The reasons are not clear. More research is needed to replicate these findings, to understand the mechanisms, and further delineate the significance of the surgical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Freedman
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Marsk
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jane Yan
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Karlsson
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Chung E, Zhang D, Gonzalez Porras M, Hsu CG. TREM2 as a regulator of obesity-induced cardiac remodeling: mechanisms and therapeutic insights. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2025; 328:H1073-H1082. [PMID: 40152357 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00075.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2025] [Revised: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/23/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are global health challenges that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Advances in immunometabolism have identified triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) as a key regulator of macrophage function, lipid metabolism, and inflammation resolution. Although extensively studied in neurodegenerative diseases, TREM2's role in metabolic disorders and cardiovascular health is an emerging area of research. This review explores TREM2's molecular structure and functions, emphasizing its contributions to immunometabolic regulation in obesity and T2DM. Evidence from preclinical models demonstrates that TREM2 modulates macrophage-driven inflammatory responses, lipid clearance, plaque stability, fibrosis, and myocardial remodeling. Translational findings suggest that TREM2 expression correlates with cardiometabolic outcomes, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target. Key knowledge gaps include TREM2's temporal dynamics during disease progression, sex-specific effects, and interactions with recruited or resident macrophage activation in obesity and T2DM. Integrating mechanistic and translational insights is critical to harness TREM2's immunoregulatory potential for improving CVD outcomes in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Chung
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Maria Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Chia George Hsu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
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Ge T, Zou R, Zhang M, Hu J, He K, Li G, Zhang T, Fan X. Natural products alleviate atrial fibrillation by modulating mitochondrial quality control. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2025; 140:156555. [PMID: 40056631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2025] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/10/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF), one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias, is associated with high mortality rates and significant healthcare burdens. Mitochondrial homeostasis has recently emerged as a critical factor in AF pathogenesis but remains at the experimental stage. Current drug and surgical treatments for AF often involve side effects and require ongoing treatment plan evaluation and adjustment. In contrast, natural products (NPs), which have been utilized in China for over 2,000 years, show remarkable efficacy in treating AF and are receiving growing attention. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of NPs on mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and their impact on AF occurrence and progression. By constructing a novel NP-mitochondria-AF axis, we propose a framework to translate experimental findings into clinical practice and identify potential therapeutic strategies for AF. METHODS Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched (up to October 2024) using the following keywords: "atrial fibrillation," "traditional Chinese medicine," "mitochondrial biogenesis," "mitochondrial dynamics," "mitophagy," "apoptosis," "oxidative stress," "inflammation," and "Ca2+ concentration." NP targets were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, while disease targets were retrieved from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, GeneCards, and Therapeutic Target Database. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed using the Metascape database. Protein-protein interactions were analyzed using the STRING database, and core monomers and hub genes were identified using Cytoscape 3.7.2. RESULTS We found a strong relationship between mitochondrial homeostasis and AF development. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that commonly used NPs regulate mitochondrial homeostasis, affecting AF progression through various hub genes, including protein kinase B-alpha (AKT1), jun proto-oncogene (JUN), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Molecular docking analysis revealed that NP core monomers exhibited binding affinities to hub genes below -5 kcal/mol and to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) below -7 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION NPs, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds, TCM monomers, and traditional Chinese patent medicines, alleviate AF by modulating MQC with minimal side effects and high efficacy. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of NPs as promising candidates for AF treatment and further underscore the importance of MQC in AF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ge
- School of Second Clinical Medical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rongjun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Emergency Research, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jinlin Hu
- School of Second Clinical Medical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kunyang He
- School of Second Clinical Medical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guanmou Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Heart Failure Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Emergency Research, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, PR China.
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20
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Ismaiah MJ, Lo EKK, Chen C, Tsui JSJ, Johnson-Hill WA, Felicianna, Zhang F, Leung HKM, Oger C, Durand T, Lee JCY, El-Nezami H. Alpha-aminobutyric acid administration suppressed visceral obesity and modulated hepatic oxidized PUFA metabolism via gut microbiota modulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2025; 232:86-96. [PMID: 40032028 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2025] [Revised: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-fat diet (HFD) is associated with visceral obesity due to disruption in the lipid metabolism and gut dysbiosis. These symptoms may contribute to hepatic steatosis and the formation of oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Alpha-aminobutyric acid (ABA) is an amino-acid derived metabolite, and its concentration has been correlated with several metabolic conditions and gut microbiome diversity while its direct effects on visceral obesity, lipid metabolism and the gut microbiota are not well understood. This study was designed to investigate the effect of physiological dose of ABA on diet-induced visceral obesity and lipid metabolism dysregulation by examining the fatty acids and oxidized PUFAs profile in the liver as well as the gut microbiota. RESULTS ABA administration reduced visceral obesity by 28 % and lessened adipocyte hypertrophy. The expression of liver Cd36 was lowered by more than 50 % as well as the saturated and monounsaturated FA concentration. Notably, the desaturation index for C16 and C18 FAs that are correlated with adiposity were reduced. The concentration of several DHA-derived oxidized PUFAs were also enhanced. Faecal metagenomics sequencing revealed enriched abundance of Leptogranulimonas caecicola and Bacteroides sp. ZJ-18 and were positively correlated with several DHA- and ALA-derived oxidized PUFAs in ABA group. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the modulatory effect of physiological dose of ABA on attenuating visceral obesity, reducing hepatic steatosis, and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory oxidized PUFAs that were potentially mediated by the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsena Jasiel Ismaiah
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Emily Kwun Kwan Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Congjia Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jacob Shing-Jie Tsui
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Winifred Audrey Johnson-Hill
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Felicianna
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Fangfei Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hoi Kit Matthew Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, F-34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, F-34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
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21
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Lecoutre S, Rebière C, Maqdasy S, Lambert M, Dussaud S, Abatan JB, Dugail I, Gautier EL, Clément K, Marcelin G. Enhancing adipose tissue plasticity: progenitor cell roles in metabolic health. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2025; 21:272-288. [PMID: 39757324 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025]
Abstract
Adipose tissue demonstrates considerable plasticity and heterogeneity, enabling metabolic, cellular and structural adaptations to environmental signals. This adaptability is key for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Impaired adipose tissue plasticity can lead to abnormal adipose tissue responses to metabolic cues, which contributes to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. In chronic obesity, white adipose tissue undergoes pathological remodelling marked by adipocyte hypertrophy, chronic inflammation and fibrosis, which are linked to local and systemic insulin resistance. Research data suggest that the capacity for healthy or unhealthy white adipose tissue remodelling might depend on the intrinsic diversity of adipose progenitor cells (APCs), which sense and respond to metabolic cues. This Review highlights studies on APCs as key determinants of adipose tissue plasticity, discussing differences between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots during development, growth and obesity. Modulating APC functions could improve strategies for treating adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic diseases in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach Research Group, Nutriomics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France.
| | - Clémentine Rebière
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach Research Group, Nutriomics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Salwan Maqdasy
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bobigny, France
- Labex Inflamex, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Alliance Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Sébastien Dussaud
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach Research Group, Nutriomics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jimon Boniface Abatan
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach Research Group, Nutriomics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach Research Group, Nutriomics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach Research Group, Nutriomics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach Research Group, Nutriomics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Pitie-Salpêtriere Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Geneviève Marcelin
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach Research Group, Nutriomics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France.
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22
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Kruglikov IL, Scherer PE. Regulation of the terminal complement cascade in adipose tissue for control of its volume, cellularity, and fibrosis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2025; 33:839-850. [PMID: 40134146 PMCID: PMC12015659 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Revised: 12/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a reservoir for various pathogens and their products, such as lipopolysaccharides. Therefore, it must be equipped with a defense mechanism connected with the activation of innate immunity. This explains the phenomenon that adipocytes express components of the classical and alternative complement pathways, which can be activated even in the absence of opportunistic pathogens. Terminal stages of the complement pathway are related to the production of membrane attack complexes and, thus, can cause lysis of pathogens, as well as autolysis of host adipocytes, contributing to the regulation of the cellularity in WAT. Complement-induced autolysis of adipocytes is counteracted by a number of cellular defense mechanisms. This versatility of activation and suppression processes enables a broad range of adaptability to physiological contexts, ranging from the development of hypertrophic WAT to lipodystrophy. Pathogen-induced activation of the complement pathway in WAT also induces a profibrotic phenotype. These processes may also be involved in the regulation of insulin resistance in adipocytes. This explains the dual immune/metabolic role of the complement pathway in WAT: the pathway is an integral part of the immune response but also potently involved in the control of volume and cellularity of WAT under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
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23
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Bat-Erdene B, He M, Dong J, Li Y, Ta D. Therapeutic Effects of Different Ultrasound Intensity Stimulation on Brown Adipose Tissue for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2025; 51:830-840. [PMID: 39924417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a persistent illness that has a high incidence rate. Still, there is no conclusive evidence on effectively improving blood sugar levels in patients through physical therapy. This study examined the regulatory effects of different intensities of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on T2D by stimulating brown adipose tissue (BAT). Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into six groups (n = 10 per group): Control sham (C-Sham), Control-LIPUS (C-LIPUS), T2D-sham (T2D-Sham), T2D groups treated with LIPUS at spatial average-temporal-average intensity (Isata) of 60mW/cm² (T2D-L-60), 80mW/cm² (T2D-L-80), and 100mW/cm² (T2D-L-100). T2D models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) three times after 12 wks of high-fat diet (HFD). The T2D-LIPUS group received LIPUS stimulation for 20 minutes per day for 6 weeks. The LIPUS stimulation had a duty cycle of 20%, a frequency of 1 MHz, and Isata of 60mW/cm², 80mW/cm², 100mW/cm². Subsequently, glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were performed, and body fat content in mice was analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Metabolic changes were monitored using metabolic cages. The results indicated that 80mW/cm² intensity level significantly improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic function after LIPUS exposure. Significant reductions in body fat content and enhanced thermogenesis were observed, highlighting the potential of LIPUS in T2D management. This provides the basis for the dose study of LIPUS in the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badamgarav Bat-Erdene
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingsong Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dean Ta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Sousa-Filho CPB, Petrovic N. No UCP1 in the kidney. Mol Metab 2025; 95:102127. [PMID: 40120980 PMCID: PMC11995138 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2025] [Revised: 03/05/2025] [Accepted: 03/15/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several recent studies have indicated the presence of UCP1 in the kidney, challenging the paradigm that UCP1 is only found in brown and beige adipocytes and broadening the (patho)physiological significance of UCP1. The kidney localization has been the direct result of immunohistochemical investigations and an inferred outcome from multiple lines of reporter mice. These findings require confirmation and further physiological characterization. METHODS We examined UCP1 expression in the kidney using immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Transversal sections through or near the kidney hilum, consistently including perirenal brown fat and adjacent kidney tissue, were analyzed with four UCP1 antibodies. RESULTS In addition to detecting UCP1 in perirenal adipose tissue, we observed distinct immunopositive structures in the kidney with our in-house UCP1-antibody, 'C10', in apparent agreement with earlier reports. To corroborate this, we tested the C10-antibody on kidney sections from UCP1-ablated mice but found equal reactivity in these UCP1-negative tissues. We then tested the widely used antibody ab10983, previously employed in kidney studies. Also here, the positive signal persisted in UCP1-ablated mice, clearly invalidating earlier findings. UCP1 qPCR studies also failed to detect UCP1 mRNA above background. Finally, two highly specific antibodies, E9Z2V and EPR20381, accurately detected UCP1 in perirenal adipose tissue but showed no signal in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS When appropriate controls are implemented, there is no evidence for the presence of UCP1 in the kidney. Consequently, this conclusion also implies that the results from UCP1 reporter mice, specifically regarding kidney expression of the UCP1 gene - though possibly applicable to other tissues - require reconfirmation before being accepted as evidence for the presence of UCP1 in non-adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasa Petrovic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Emont MP, Essene AL, Gulko A, Bozadjieva-Kramer N, Jacobs C, Nagesh S, Seeley RJ, Tsai LT, Rosen ED. Semaglutide and bariatric surgery induce distinct changes in the composition of mouse white adipose tissue. Mol Metab 2025; 95:102126. [PMID: 40139440 PMCID: PMC11999362 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central player in energy balance and glucose homeostasis, expanding in the face of caloric overload in order to store energy safely. If caloric overload continues unabated, however, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, leading to systemic metabolic compromise in the form of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Changes in adipose tissue during the development of metabolic disease are varied and complex, made all the more so by the heterogeneity of cell types within the tissue. Here we present detailed comparisons of atlases of murine WAT in the setting of diet-induced obesity, as well as after weight loss induced by either vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) or treatment with the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide. We focus on identifying populations of cells that return to a lean-like phenotype versus those that persist from the obese state, and examine pathways regulated in these cell types across conditions. These data provide a resource for the study of the cell type changes in WAT during weight loss, and paint a clearer picture of the differences between adipose tissue from lean animals that have never been obese, versus those that have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo P Emont
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Adam L Essene
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anton Gulko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadejda Bozadjieva-Kramer
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Research Service, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Jacobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Soumya Nagesh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linus T Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Zhong Y, Yan J, Lei Y, Zhang R, Abudurexiti A, Qi S, Hou W, Ma X. Lactucin and lactucopicrin ameliorate obesity in high-fat diet fed mice by promoting white adipose tissue browning through the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2025; 139:109851. [PMID: 39909319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.109851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025]
Abstract
Lactucin and lactucopicrin are the characteristic lipid-lowering active components found in Cichorium glandulosum. However, their effects and underlying mechanisms in obesity remain unclear. In the present study, C57BL/6J mice were simultaneously subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with drugs to investigate the impacts of lactucin and lactucopicrin on HFD-induced obese mice. The results demonstrated that in HFD obese mice, lactucin and lactucopicrin significantly decreased body weight and the weights of adipose tissues, improved serum metabolic parameters, and increased the content of irisin. Regarding the intermediate metabolites of intestinal flora, which are closely associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, lactucin and lactucopicrin treatment led to a reduction in the levels of 12-α-OH/non-12-α-OH bile acids (BAs) and also tended to enhance the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). qRT-PCR results indicated that lactucin and lactucopicrin treatment elevated the expression levels of genes related to beige fat markers, thermogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipolysis in WAT, as well as those of thermogenesis and lipolysis genes in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Western blot analysis revealed that lactucin and lactucopicrin up-regulated the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), the core protein in thermogenesis, in both WAT and BAT. Moreover, they also up-regulated the expression levels of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and PPARγ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), which are key pathway proteins involved in WAT browning. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that in HFD obese mice, lactucin and lactucopicrin improved the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota. In conclusion, lactucin and lactucopicrin may promote WAT browning by activating the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, thereby ameliorating obesity in HFD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Junlin Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yi Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | | | - Shuwen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenhui Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
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27
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Bertomeu JB, Fioravanço LP, Ramis TR, Godinho DB, Nascimento AS, Lima GC, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. The Role of Ion-Transporting Proteins on Crosstalk Between the Skeletal Muscle and Central Nervous Systems Elicited by Physical Exercise. Mol Neurobiol 2025; 62:5546-5565. [PMID: 39578339 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
A paradigm shift in the understanding of bidirectional interactions between peripheral and central nervous systems is essential for development of rehabilitation and preventive interventions based on physical exercise. Although a causal relationship has not been completely established, modulation of voltage-dependent ion channels (Ca2+, Cl-, K+, Na+, lactate-, H+) in skeletal and neuronal cells provides opportunities to maintain force production during exercise and reduce the risk of disease. However, there are caveats to consider when interpreting the effects of physical exercise on this bidirectional axis, since exercise protocol details (e.g., duration and intensity) have variable effects on this crosstalk. Therefore, an integrative perspective of the skeletal muscle and brain's communication pathway is discussed, and the role of physical exercise on such communication highway is explained in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Borràs Bertomeu
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center in Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOEX), Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Physical Education and Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Paiva Fioravanço
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center in Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOEX), Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Physical Education and Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Rozales Ramis
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center in Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOEX), Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Physical Education and Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Douglas Buchmann Godinho
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center in Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOEX), Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Physical Education and Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Seixas Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center in Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOEX), Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Physical Education and Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Corrêa Lima
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center in Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOEX), Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Physical Education and Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Furian
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center in Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOEX), Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Physical Education and Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center in Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOEX), Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Physical Education and Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Center of Physical Education and , Sports, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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28
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Ahluwalia R, Luijten IHN, Sousa-Filho CPB, Braz GRF, Petrovic N, Shabalina IG, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. The choice of diet is determinative for the manifestation of UCP1-dependent diet-induced thermogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2025; 328:E653-E660. [PMID: 40094220 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00038.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2025] [Revised: 02/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
The existence of the phenomenon of diet-induced thermogenesis-and its possible mediation by UCP1 in brown adipose tissue-has long been, and is presently, an important metabolic controversy. Particularly, several recent studies have failed to observe the hallmark of the phenomenon: augmentation of diet-induced obesity (i.e., fat mass) in UCP1-ablated mice, thus further casting doubt on the possible importance of this thermogenesis, for example in human metabolic control. However, scrutiny of the experimental details revealed important procedural differences between experiments that did not show or did show this augmentation of diet-induced obesity. Particularly, there were notable differences between the commercial diets used (Research Diets or Ssniff). We, therefore, tested to what degree these differences would suffice to explain the absence of a UCP1 effect. Wild-type mice fed Research Diets high-fat diet became obese, but UCP1-ablated mice became even more obese, as expected if UCP1-dependent diet-induced thermogenesis exists. Mice fed the Ssniff high-fat diet became less obese than those on the Research Diets food-and, importantly, no effect of UCP1 ablation was seen. The result with the Research Diets diet was fully due to differences in total fat mass and not explainable by differences in food intake. The two diets are different in carbohydrate (sucrose) and lipid (lard vs. palm oil) composition and in texture and taste. Probably some of these factors explain the difference, but the important conclusion is that when an appropriate diet was offered, the body weight manifestation of the phenomenon of UCP1-dependent diet-induced thermogenesis was a reproducible phenomenon, the existence of which may have significance also for human metabolic control.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A main reason for the present interest in brown adipose tissue in humans is the possibility that this tissue mediates diet-induced thermogenesis, i.e., the ability to combust some of the foods eaten, thus lessening the burden of obesity. However, several recent papers have queried the existence of diet-induced thermogenesis. We demonstrate that these negative observations are explainable by the types of diet offered, and diet-induced thermogenesis thus remains a potentially important contributor to metabolic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Ahluwalia
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ineke H N Luijten
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Celso P B Sousa-Filho
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Ruda F Braz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natasa Petrovic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina G Shabalina
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Hu X, Wu B, Yang Y, Zhang L, Xue C. Sarcopenia in Peritoneal Dialysis: Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Management Strategies. Kidney Med 2025; 7:100989. [PMID: 40247955 PMCID: PMC12005912 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2025.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, is a significant complication in patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly those undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). This review explores the prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies of sarcopenia in the PD population. The multifactorial etiology of sarcopenia in PD, including protein-energy wasting, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hormonal imbalances, underscores the complexity of its management. The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients treated with PD is influenced by age, duration of dialysis, and comorbid conditions, presenting a considerable variation across studies due to differing diagnostic criteria. Diagnostic challenges arise from fluid overload and the PD process, affecting the accuracy of muscle mass measurements. Intervention strategies focusing on nutritional supplementation and physical exercise have shown promise; however, the need for PD-specific diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols remains. This review highlights the critical effect of sarcopenia on functional status and survival in patients treated with PD, emphasizing the importance of addressing this condition to improve patient outcomes. Future directions call for comprehensive, longitudinal studies to better understand sarcopenia's progression in patients treated with PD and the development of tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhabei Central Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, China
| | - Bibo Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhabei Central Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, 981th Hospital of PLA, Chengde, Hebei province, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhabei Central Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- Department of Nephrology, Zhabei Central Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
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30
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Liu Y, Yin A, Seese K, Fu W, Yin H. Brd9 antagonism induces beige adipocytes in white adipose tissues and protects against diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2025; 33:949-961. [PMID: 40176372 PMCID: PMC12015651 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2025] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thermogenic beige adipocytes emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) under certain physiological and pathological conditions, leading to increased energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance. The induction of beige adipocyte formation represents a promising therapeutic approach for obesity and associated chronic diseases; however, the mechanisms controlling WAT beiging remain incompletely understood. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide knockout screening in the white adipose progenitors of mice to identify lineage repressors of beige adipocyte formation. We further investigated the metabolic effects and gene expression alterations upon Brd9 antagonism in obesity mouse models. RESULTS An unbiased genetic screen identified the following four lineage repressors of beige adipocytes: Brd9; Ankib1; Cacng1; and Cfap20. Knockout of each gene individually promoted beige adipocyte differentiation in vitro and WAT beiging in vivo. In diet-induced obesity mouse models, oral administration of Brd9 inhibitors induced beige adipocytes within subcutaneous and visceral WAT, enhanced thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue, and suppressed gluconeogenic gene expression in the liver. These beneficial effects were concomitant with augmented whole-body energy expenditure, reduced body weight/adiposity, and improved endurance and glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Antagonism of Brd9 and other beige lineage repressors may have significant implications for therapeutic induction of WAT beiging and thermogenesis to treat obesity and its associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Center for Molecular MedicineThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Amelia Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Center for Molecular MedicineThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Kendall Seese
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Wenyan Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Center for Molecular MedicineThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Center for Molecular MedicineThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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31
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Tuğal Aslan D, Göktaş Z. The Therapeutic Potential of Theobromine in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Nutr Rev 2025; 83:859-868. [PMID: 39271172 PMCID: PMC11986327 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, is a significant health concern. Phytochemicals found in plants are being explored for therapeutic use, particularly in combating obesity. Among these, theobromine, commonly found in cocoa and chocolate, shows promise. Although not as extensively studied as caffeine, theobromine exhibits positive effects on human health. It improves lipid profiles, aids in asthma treatment, lowers blood pressure, regulates gut microbiota, reduces tumor formation, moderates blood glucose levels, and acts as a neuroprotective agent. Studies demonstrate its anti-obesity effects through mechanisms such as browning of white adipose tissue, activation of brown adipose tissue, anti-inflammatory properties, and reduction of oxidative stress. This study aims to suggest theobromine as a potential therapeutic agent against obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilem Tuğal Aslan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Altindag, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Zeynep Göktaş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Altindag, Ankara, Turkiye
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32
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Wang Y, Zeng Y, Fu Y, Liu Z, Hu X, Tang C, Cai J, Dong Z. Repression of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α by p53 after kidney injury promotes mitochondrial damage and maladaptive kidney repair. Kidney Int 2025; 107:869-887. [PMID: 40010492 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2025.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
Maladaptive kidney repair after injury is associated with a loss of mitochondrial homeostasis, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Moreover, it remains unclear whether this mitochondrial change contributes to maladaptive kidney repair or the development of chronic kidney problems after injury. Here, we report that the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC1a), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was persistently downregulated during maladaptive kidney repair after repeated low-dose cisplatin nephrotoxicity or unilateral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Administration of the PGC1α activator ZLN005 after either kidney injury not only preserved mitochondria but also attenuated kidney dysfunction, tubular damage, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation. PGC1α downregulation in these models was associated with p53 activation. Notably, knockout of p53 from proximal tubules prevented PGC1α downregulation, attenuated chronic kidney pathologies and minimized functional decline. Inhibition of p53 with pifithrin-α, a cell permeable p53 inhibitor, had similar effects. Mechanistically, p53 bound to the PGC1α gene promoter during maladaptive kidney repair, and this binding was suppressed by pifithrin-α. Together, our results indicate that p53 is induced during maladaptive kidney repair to repress PGC1α transcriptionally, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction for the development of chronic kidney problems. Activation of PGC1α and inhibition of p53 may improve kidney repair after injury and prevent the development of chronic kidney problems.
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MESH Headings
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Cisplatin/toxicity
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Disease Models, Animal
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Mice
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Acute Kidney Injury/pathology
- Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism
- Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced
- Acute Kidney Injury/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/prevention & control
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Benzothiazoles/pharmacology
- Humans
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Toluene/analogs & derivatives
- Toluene/pharmacology
- Organelle Biogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Postdoctoral Station of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqing Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoru Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Research Department, Augusta VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Research Department, Augusta VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
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33
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Panwar A, Malik SO, Adib M, Lopaschuk GD. Cardiac energy metabolism in diabetes: emerging therapeutic targets and clinical implications. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2025; 328:H1089-H1112. [PMID: 40192025 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00615.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are at an increased risk for developing diabetic cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular complications. Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism in patients with diabetes, including an increase in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and a decrease in glucose oxidation, are important contributing factors to this increase in cardiovascular disease. A switch from glucose oxidation to fatty acid oxidation not only decreases cardiac efficiency due to increased oxygen consumption but it can also increase reactive oxygen species production, increase lipotoxicity, and redirect glucose into other metabolic pathways that, combined, can lead to heart dysfunction. Currently, there is a lack of therapeutics available to treat diabetes-induced heart failure that specifically target cardiac energy metabolism. However, it is becoming apparent that part of the benefit of existing agents such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors may be related to their effects on cardiac energy metabolism. In addition, direct approaches aimed at inhibiting cardiac fatty acid oxidation or increasing glucose oxidation hold future promise as potential therapeutic approaches to treat diabetes-induced cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archee Panwar
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sufyan O Malik
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Muhtasim Adib
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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34
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Kruit N, Sluiter TJ, de Vries MR. Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Vein Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2025; 45:576-584. [PMID: 40079141 PMCID: PMC12017597 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.321692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays a crucial, yet underexplored, role in vein remodeling, which occurs after bypass surgery using a venous graft or creation of arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis access. PVAT exhibits significant heterogeneity in phenotype and tissue composition depending on the vascular bed, as well as its anatomic location within the vasculature. Through the excretion of adipokines, cytokines, and chemokines, PVAT can shape the vascular response to local and systemic perturbations. Moreover, the active exchange of cells reinforces the bidirectional cross talk between the vessel wall and PVAT. In this review, we describe the role of PVAT in relation to postinterventional vein remodeling, specifically focusing on the effect of surgery on the PVAT phenotype. Moreover, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms that ultimately affect clinical outcomes and highlight the therapeutic potential of PVAT to improve vein remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Kruit
- Department of Surgery (N.K., T.J.S., M.R.d.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular and Regenerative Medicine (N.K., T.J.S., M.R.d.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs J. Sluiter
- Department of Surgery (N.K., T.J.S., M.R.d.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular and Regenerative Medicine (N.K., T.J.S., M.R.d.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- Department of Surgery (N.K., T.J.S., M.R.d.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular and Regenerative Medicine (N.K., T.J.S., M.R.d.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.R.d.V.)
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35
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Aoki-Saito H, Mandai H, Nakakura T, Sasaki T, Kitamura T, Omori K, Hisada T, Okada S, Suga S, Yamada M, Saito T. (+)-Terrein exerts anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects by regulating the differentiation and thermogenesis of brown adipocytes in mice fed a high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2025; 186:118030. [PMID: 40187045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 03/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/07/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (+)-Terrein, a low-molecular-weight secondary metabolite from Aspergillus terreus, inhibits adipocyte differentiation in vitro. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of (+)-terrein on adipocytes remain unclear. We hypothesized that (+)-terrein modulates adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis in obesity and diabetes via anti-inflammatory action and regulation of adipocyte differentiation. Hence, in this study, we aimed to investigate the in vivo anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of (+)-terrein. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed normal chow or high-fat (HF) diet and administered (+)-terrein (180 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests, serum biochemical assays, and histological analyses were also performed. Rat brown preadipocytes, mouse brown preadipocytes (T37i cells), and inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT) preadipocytes were exposed to (+)-terrein during in vitro adipocyte differentiation. Molecular markers associated with thermogenesis and differentiation were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS (+)-Terrein-treated mice exhibited improved insulin sensitivity and reduced serum lipid and glucose levels, irrespective of the diet. Furthermore, (+)-terrein suppressed body weight gain and mitigated fat accumulation by activating brown adipose tissue in HF-fed mice. (+)-Terrein facilitated the in vitro differentiation of rat brown preadipocytes, T37i cells, and ingWAT preadipocytes by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). This effect was synergistic with that of a PPARγ agonist. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that (+)-terrein effectively induces PPARγ expression and brown adipocyte differentiation, leading to reduced weight gain and improved glucose and lipid profiles in HF-fed mice. Thus, (+)-terrein is a potent novel agent with potential anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Aoki-Saito
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mandai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, Gifu 509-0293, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakakura
- Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kitamura
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Omori
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hisada
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan
| | - Shuichi Okada
- Department of Diabetes, Soleiyu Asahi Clinic, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0014, Japan
| | - Seiji Suga
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Sciences and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tsugumichi Saito
- Department of Health & Sports Sciences, Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.
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36
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Xie Q, Mao L, Xiong N, Cheng Q, Tang W, Li C, Zeng C, Liu Z, Mao L. EPA but not DHA prevents lipid metabolism disorders by regulating myogenic IL-6 in high-fat fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2025; 139:109815. [PMID: 39662638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 11/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder serve as a critical starting point for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are known for their lipid-lowering properties, but few studies have revealed their differences from the perspective of skeletal muscle endocrinology. Myogenic IL-6 has garnered significant attention for its role in energy distribution. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of EPA and DHA on myogenic IL-6 and lipid metabolism disorders in mice, and to clarify the association between the alleviation of lipid metabolism disorders and myogenic IL-6 mediated by EPA/DHA. We found that EPA and DHA not only prevented high-fat diet-induced lipid metabolism disorders, but also up-regulated the expression of myogenic IL-6 by activating TRPV1/Ca2+ signaling in skeletal muscle. However, the lipid metabolism prevention effect mediated by EPA was weakened after knockout gene of myogenic IL-6, with its body weight and body fat increased and a large amounts of lipid deposited in the blood, liver, and adipocytes. Meanwhile, there no significantly differences of AMPK/STAT3 signaling in adipose tissue between groups after knockout gene of myogenic IL-6. Based on the results above, we concluded that EPA and DHA can stimulate the production of myogenic IL-6 through TRPV1/Ca2+ signaling in skeletal muscle. The prevention effect of lipid metabolism disorders by EPA, but not DHA, relies on myogenic IL-6, with the underlying mechanism may involving the enhancement of AMPK/STAT3 signaling mediated by myogenic IL-6 in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianzhi Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiting Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ci Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chongxiang Zeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Limei Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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37
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Tang P, Wang J, Tang X, Li Y, Li S. Insulin‑like growth factor 2 in spermatogenesis dysfunction (Review). Mol Med Rep 2025; 31:129. [PMID: 40116127 PMCID: PMC11938415 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2025.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis dysfunction is characterized by abnormal morphology, destruction, atrophy of seminiferous tubules, blocked differentiation of spermatogenic cells, decreased sperm count and increased sperm abnormalities. Inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and obesity are important factors leading to spermatogenesis dysfunction. It has been demonstrated that insulin‑like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is closely related to the aforementioned factors. In the present review, the relationship between IGF2 and inflammation, oxidative stress, ER stress and obesity was investigated, providing theoretical and experimental evidence on the role of IGF2 in the prevention and treatment of spermatogenesis dysfunction of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Tang
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohan Tang
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yichun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Suyun Li
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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38
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Wu H, Xu T, Yang N, Xu S. Polystyrene-microplastics and Emamectin Benzoate co-exposure induced lipid remodeling by suppressing PPARα signals to drive ACSL4-dependent ferroptosis and carp splenic injury. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2025; 210:106396. [PMID: 40262874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and Emamectin Benzoate (EMB) were identified as hazardous environmental pollutants, frequently coexisting in aquatic ecosystems, posing potential risk in the immune system of human and animal. However, the hazards of concurrent exposed to MPs and EMB on the carp spleen, and the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we employed MPs and EMB-exposed carp models, and cultured splenocytes in vitro, to demonstrate that PPARα signals suppression underlay MPs and EMB-induced carp spleen injury, based on transcriptomics and lipomics analysis. This suppression exacerbated the buildup of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and promoted ACSL4 expression, resulting in increased lipid peroxidation. Further studies found that the accumulation of lipid peroxides predominantly occurred in the mitochondria, which evoked mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance and compromised mitochondrial function, thereby initiating ferroptosis. Additionally, enhancing PPARα signaling, inhibiting ACSL4, or scavenging mitochondrial ROS was favor of mitigating accumulation of lipid peroxides, reducing mitochondrial damage and inhibiting ferroptosis. Notably, MPs and EMB co-exposure caused more severe damage than single exposure. These findings uncovered a potential mechanism, involving PPARα signaling inhibition by MPs and EMB co-exposure, which evoked lipid remodeling and increased ACSL4, to drive ferroptosis and carp splenic injury. This study highlighted the potential hazards to the aquaculture environments where co-exposure of MPs and EMB and provided reference for environmental toxicology research and the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Naixi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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39
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Uchiyama LF, Nguyen A, Qian K, Cui L, Pham KT, Xiao X, Gao Y, Shimanaka Y, Tol MJ, Vergnes L, Reue K, Tontonoz P. PPARα regulates ER-lipid droplet protein Calsyntenin-3β to promote ketogenesis in hepatocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2025; 122:e2426338122. [PMID: 40258152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2426338122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Ketogenesis requires fatty acid flux from intracellular (lipid droplets) and extrahepatic (adipose tissue) lipid stores to hepatocyte mitochondria. However, whether interorganelle contact sites regulate this process is unknown. Recent studies have revealed a role for Calsyntenin-3β (CLSTN3β), an endoplasmic reticulum-lipid droplet contact site protein, in the control of lipid utilization in adipose tissue. Here, we show that Clstn3b expression is induced in the liver by the nuclear receptor PPARα in settings of high lipid utilization, including fasting and ketogenic diet feeding. Hepatocyte-specific loss of CLSTN3β in mice impairs ketogenesis independent of changes in PPARα activation. Conversely, hepatic overexpression of CLSTN3β promotes ketogenesis in mice. Mechanistically, CLSTN3β affects LD-mitochondria crosstalk, as evidenced by changes in fatty acid oxidation, lipid-dependent mitochondrial respiration, and the mitochondrial integrated stress response. These findings define a function for CLSTN3β-dependent membrane contacts in hepatic lipid utilization and ketogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren F Uchiyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Alexander Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Kevin Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Liujuan Cui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Khoi T Pham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yajing Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yuta Shimanaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Marcus J Tol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Zhang C, Wang B, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Han P, Ge Z, An Y, Wen C, Yuan Y, Jin J, Wang X, Wu J, Li X. Nuclear IL-1α Triggers Pyroptosis in Porcine Intramuscular Preadipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2025. [PMID: 40275457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2025]
Abstract
Pigs are vital for meat production, and their intramuscular fat content significantly impacts pork quality and flavor. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on porcine intramuscular fat, we found that adipose progenitor cells express highly inflammatory genes, including IL-1α, during adipogenic differentiation. IL-1α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine present in various cell types, can translocate to the nucleus via its nuclear localization sequence (NLS), yet its nuclear function remains unclear. By constructing an inactivated NLS carrier for IL-1α, we discovered that nuclear IL-1α promotes pyroptosis in porcine intramuscular adipocytes through the IRF2-NOCT-ROS pathway. This study reveals a novel role of nuclear IL-1α in pyroptosis regulation, providing insights into enhancing the intramuscular fat content and improving pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital. Haidian District, Beijing 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalong An
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yexian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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Liu J, Jiang Y, Liu T, Chen C, Chui L, Cui A, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Yang C, Zhang Y, Wu T, Yang S, Huang J, Tao C, Zhao J, Wang Y. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing defines adipose tissue subpopulations that contribute to Tibetan pig cold adaptation. BMC Biol 2025; 23:107. [PMID: 40275312 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-025-02211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermogenic beige adipocyte displays a remarkable ability in mammals to adapt to cold environments, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear, especially in pigs that lack functional UCP1. RESULTS Multilocular beige adipocytes were observed in both Tibetan pigs (cold-tolerant) and Bama pigs (cold-sensitive) after short-term cold exposure (4 ℃ for 3 days). Through single-nucleus RNA sequencing of adipose tissues, including subcutaneous inguinal adipose tissues (IAT) and perirenal adipose tissues (PAT), from both pig breeds at room temperature and cold treatment conditions, we discovered two cell subpopulations specific to Tibetan pigs, PDGFRα+EBF2High in IAT and ADIPOQ+HIF1AHigh in both depots. PDGFRα+EBF2High cells were characterized as potential beige precursors, while ADIPOQ+HIF1AHigh cells were found to express highly thermogenic-related genes. Despite the decrease of the lipogenic subpopulation and the increase of the lipolytic and the thermogenic subpopulations observed in both pig breeds upon cold treatment, Tibetan pigs exhibited stronger cellular and molecular responses compared to Bama pigs. Remarkably, cold-induced de novo beige adipogenesis and white adipocyte browning, likely occurred in Tibetan pigs, while Bama pigs relied more heavily on white browning. Moreover, BMP7, which was highly expressed in the PDGFRα+EBF2High subpopulation, positively regulates porcine beige thermogenic capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our data offers a comprehensive and unprecedented perspective on the heterogeneity and plasticity of adipose tissues of pigs and broadens the understanding of beige fat biology in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Tianxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Lnstitute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chuanhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linya Chui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Along Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Lnstitute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xueping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Lnstitute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunhuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Lnstitute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tianwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaojiao Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Cong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Lnstitute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, China.
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Wang P, Pang Q, Zhang A. Keto Acids Attenuate Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Chronic Kidney Disease via Inhibiting Pyroptosis and Upregulating Irisin Precursor FNDC5 Expression. Calcif Tissue Int 2025; 116:63. [PMID: 40272551 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-025-01372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2025] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that keto acids supplementation can protect skeletal muscle from atrophy. Pyroptosis has been considered to be one of the new mechanisms of muscle atrophy. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of keto acids supplementation on chronic kidney disease (CKD)-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. In vitro, C2C12 myoblast cells were treated with indoxyl sulfate (IS, 1 mM) and leucine (Leu, 0 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL). In animal experiment, animals were divided into four groups: normal control (NC) group (wildtype mice), CKD group (wildtype mice with CKD modeling), keto acids (KAs) group (CKD wildtype mice treated with KA), and FNDC5-/- group (Fndc5 (irisin precursor) gene knockout mice with CKD modeling and KA treatment). Results showed that leucine improved IS-induced myotube atrophy, decreased percentage of Propidium Iodide (PI)-positive cells, upregulated FNDC5 expression levels, and downregulated the pyroptosis-related protein levels, such as NLRP3, cleaved CASP1, and GSDMD-N. KA supplementation improved renal function and skeletal muscle atrophy. Furthermore, KA supplementation suppressed the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and increased the expression of FNDC5. However, Fndc5 gene knockout partially reversed the protective effects of keto acids in CKD. In conclusion, our results showed for the first time that KA supplementation improves CKD-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting pyroptosis and increasing expression of irisin/FNDC5. Our findings provide a novel insight into the treatment of the CKD-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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43
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Potts C, Yang C, Liaw L. NOTCH Signaling Networks in Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2025. [PMID: 40270257 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.321690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Over a hundred years ago, mutants were detected in Drosophila melanogaster that led to a NOTCH in the wing tip. This original phenotype was reflected in the nomenclature of the gene family that was later cloned and characterized in the 1980s and found to be conserved across metazoans. NOTCH signaling relies on transmembrane ligands and receptors that require cellular contact for receptor activation, reflecting its role in multicellular organisms as an intercellular signaling strategy. In humans, mutations in genes encoding NOTCH and their ligands have been shown to promote human disease; these aspects have been extensively reviewed. Notch signaling plays important roles in vascular development (vasculogenesis and angiogenesis) and homeostasis. NOTCH signaling is also active in adipose tissue and contributes to adipocyte differentiation. In addition, NOTCH activity regulates functions of other metabolic organs. This review focuses on NOTCH activity in perivascular adipose tissue within the vascular microenvironment as defined by mouse studies and summarizes expression and potential signaling of the NOTCH signaling network in human perivascular adipose tissue. Due to the strong activity of NOTCH in regulation of metabolic function, activation of the NOTCH network in specific cell types in perivascular adipose tissue has implications for signaling to the underlying blood vessel and control of vascular health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Potts
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough
| | - Chenhao Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough
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44
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Angel M, Kleinberg Y, Newaz T, Li V, Zaid R, Oved K, Dorot O, Pichinuk E, Avitan-Hersh E, Saada A, Weiss K, Zaremberg V, Tal G, Zalckvar E. Using chanarin-dorfman syndrome patient fibroblasts to explore disease mechanisms and new treatment avenues. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2025; 20:195. [PMID: 40275410 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-025-03711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS) is a multisystemic autosomal recessive rare disorder. CDS is caused by variants in the abhydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5) encoding gene (CGI-58), which ultimately leads to excessive lipid storage, and therefore a high abundance of cellular lipid droplets (LDs). Although the molecular etiology of the disease was described many years ago, no treatment for CDS is currently available. RESULTS To further characterize the molecular basis of the disease and to uncover new treatment avenues, we used skin fibroblasts originating from a young patient diagnosed with CDS due to a homozygous nonsense mutation. We show that dysfunctional ABHD5 does not only affect LDs, but also influences other metabolic-related organelles; the mitochondria and peroxisomes. Additionally, we found that expressing functional ABHD5 in CDS patient cells reduced LD number. Finally, we developed and applied a high content-based drug repurposing screen based on a collection of ∼2500 FDA approved compounds, yielding several compounds that affected LD total area and size. CONCLUSIONS Our findings enhance the understanding of the dysfunction underlying CDS and propose new avenues for the treatment of CDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Angel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yuval Kleinberg
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Tanmoy Newaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Victoria Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Rinat Zaid
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Keren Oved
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Orly Dorot
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Edward Pichinuk
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Emily Avitan-Hersh
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Metabolic Unit, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, PO Box 9602, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Ann Saada
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Jerusalem Multidisciplinary College, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karin Weiss
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Vanina Zaremberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Galit Tal
- Metabolic Unit, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, PO Box 9602, Haifa, 3109601, Israel.
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel.
| | - Einat Zalckvar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat- Gan, 52900, Israel.
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Schaub-Clerigué A, Hermanova I, Pintor-Rial A, Sydorenko M, Valcarcel-Jimenez L, Macchia A, Lectez B, Garcia-Longarte S, Fagoaga-Eugui M, Astobiza I, Martín-Martín N, Zabala-Letona A, Pujana-Vaquerizo M, Royo F, Azkargorta M, Berra E, Sutherland JD, Peinado H, Falcón-Perez JM, Elortza F, Carracedo A, Torrano V. Secreted spermidine synthase reveals a paracrine role for PGC1α-induced growth suppression in prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2025; 16:330. [PMID: 40268923 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-025-07639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the fifth cause of death by cancer worldwide, second in incidence in the male population. The definition of the molecular basis of its development and the oncogenic signals driving lethality continue to be important objectives in prostate cancer research. Prior work from others and us has demonstrated that loss of PGC1α expression results in a metabolic, signaling and transcriptional reprogramming that supports the development of metastatic disease. However, we do not fully understand the spectrum of tumor suppressive effects regulated by this co-regulator. Here we show that PGC1α governs non-cell autonomous paracrine tumor suppression in prostate cancer. A systematic analysis of the transcriptional landscapes associated to PGC1α loss of expression revealed that PGC1α alters the expression of genes encoding for secreted proteins. Cell secretome studies corroborated that PGC1α-dependent ERRα regulation in prostate cancer cells suppresses the growth of tumor cells exposed to their conditioned media, independently of androgen receptor status. The integration of in vitro and in vivo secretomics data and genetic perturbation assays revealed spermidine synthase as a transcriptional target of PGC1α and mediator of the paracrine metabolic growth suppressive effect. Moreover, the activity of the regulatory axis PGC1α-ERRα-SRM was reflected in patients and had prognostic value. Altogether, this work provides unprecedented evidence of the non-cell autonomous suppressive role of PGC1α, which broadens the view of this co-regulator as a multifactorial tumor suppressor in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Schaub-Clerigué
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Cancer Cell Signaling and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Ivana Hermanova
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Ainara Pintor-Rial
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Mariia Sydorenko
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Lorea Valcarcel-Jimenez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alice Macchia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Cancer Cell Signaling and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Benoit Lectez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Saioa Garcia-Longarte
- Cancer Cell Signaling and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Maider Fagoaga-Eugui
- Cancer Cell Signaling and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ianire Astobiza
- Cancer Cell Signaling and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Martín-Martín
- Cancer Cell Signaling and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Zabala-Letona
- Cancer Cell Signaling and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Traslational prostate cancer Research lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mikel Pujana-Vaquerizo
- Cancer Cell Signaling and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Royo
- Exosome Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomic Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Edurne Berra
- Cancer Cell Signaling and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - James D Sutherland
- Ubiquitin-likes And Development Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Falcón-Perez
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Exosome Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomic Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Cancer Cell Signaling and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Traslational prostate cancer Research lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Verónica Torrano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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Al Madhoun A, Haddad D, Kochumon S, Thomas R, Miranda L, George P, Abu-Khalaf N, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R. TNF-α/NF-κB mediated upregulation of Dectin-1 in hyperglycemic obesity: implications for metabolic inflammation and diabetes. J Transl Med 2025; 23:462. [PMID: 40270030 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-025-06303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dectin-1, a key innate immune receptor, plays a critical role in cellular responses and is implicated in chronic inflammation and metabolic syndromes. This study addresses a pivotal gap in elucidating the regulatory mechanism governing Dectin-1 expressionin obesity and diabetes, hypothesizing that hyperglycemia and TNF-α synergistically upregulate Dectin-1 in adipose tissue (AT), thereby exacerbating inflammatory responses and contributing to metabolic dysfunction. METHODS The study included 95 overweight and obese Kuwaiti individuals, categorized into prediabetic (HbA1c < 6.5%) and diabetic (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) groups. Anthropometric and clinical measurements were recorded. AT biopsies were obtained for RNA extraction and immunohistochemistry. Pre-adipocytes from lean and obese individuals were cultured, differentiated into adipocytes, and treated with TNF-α under normal or high-glucose conditions to assess Dectin-1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays analyzed NF-κB binding to the Dectin-1 promoter. Wildtype and TNF-α-/- mice were used to evaluate TNF-α's effect on Dectin-1 expression in AT. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that hyperglycemic obesity significantly induces Dectin-1 expression in AT through the TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway. In a cohort of 95 obese individuals, subdivided into prediabetics (HbA1c < 6.5%, n = 49) and diabetics (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, n = 46), a strong positive correlation was observed between AT Dectin-1 transcripts and plasma HbA1c levels exclusively in diabetic participants, underscoring the specificity of Dectin-1 upregulation in hyperglycemic conditions. Elevated Dectin-1 expression was consistently associated to increased inflammation markers. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed co-localization and concurrent upregulation of Dectin-1 and TNF-α proteins in hyperglycemic AT. Functional assays in TNF-α deficient mice and human adipocytes further validated that TNF-α and hyperglycemia act cooperatively to regulate Dectin-1 expression. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that NF-κB directly binds to the Dectin-1 promoter, mediating its transcriptional activation in response to glucose and TNF-α. CONCLUSION This study significantly advances the understanding of upregulation Dectin-1 in metabolic inflammation, filling a crucial niche in diabetes research and suggesting new therapeutic targets for obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait.
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.
| | - Dania Haddad
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Shihab Kochumon
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Reeby Thomas
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Lavina Miranda
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait
| | - Preethi George
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait
| | - Nermeen Abu-Khalaf
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
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Kang F, Zhang Z, Fu H, Sun J, Zhang J, Wang Q. β-Cell Dedifferentiation in HOMA-βlow and HOMA-βhigh Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2025; 110:e1430-e1438. [PMID: 39133811 PMCID: PMC12012814 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT β-Cell dedifferentiation ratio is increased in type 2 diabetes; but its direct link to in vivo β-cell function in human remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate whether β-cell dedifferentiation in situ was closely associated with β-cell function in vivo and to identify targets crucial for β-cell dedifferentiation/function in human. METHODS We acquired homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) values, calculated the number of hormone-negative endocrine cells, and evaluated important markers and novel candidates for β-cell dedifferentiation/function on paraneoplastic pancreatic tissues from 13 patients with benign pancreatic cystic neoplasm or intrapancreatic accessory spleen. RESULTS Both the β-cell dedifferentiation ratio and the dedifferentiation marker (Aldh1a3) were inversely related to in vivo β-cell function (HOMA-β) and in situ β-cell functional markers Glut2 and Ucn3 in humans. Moreover, the islets from HOMA-βlow subjects were manifested as (1) increased β-cell dedifferentiation ratio, (2) enriched dedifferentiation maker Aldh1a3, and (3) lower expression of Glut2 and Ucn3 compared with those from HOMA-βhigh subjects. We found that basic leucine zipper transcription factor 2 (Bach2) expression was significantly induced in islets from HOMA-βlow patients and was positively correlated with the ratio of β-cell dedifferentiation in humans. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasize the contribution of β-cell dedifferentiation to β-cell dysfunction in humans. Bach2 induction in β-cells with higher frequency of dedifferentiation observed in HOMA-βlow subjects reinforces its distinctive role as a pharmaceutical target of β-cell dedifferentiation for the treatment of people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyun Kang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai United Family Hospital, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiajun Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qidi Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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48
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Mizunoe Y, Kumagai M, Fukai H, Hachiya K, Otani Y, Nozaki Y, Tezuka K, Kobayashi M, Haeno H, Saeki K, Murayama Y, Shimano H, Higami Y. Caloric restriction alters NCOA2 splicing to regulate lipid metabolism in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2025; 765:151871. [PMID: 40267838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) promotes longevity and metabolic health by modulating gene expression and cellular processes. However, the role of alternative mRNA splicing in CR-induced metabolic adaptation remains underexplored. In this study, we analyzed RNA sequencing data from the subcutaneous white adipose tissue of CR mice. We identified 6058 differentially expressed genes, with significant upregulation of lipid metabolism pathway genes, such as Elovl6, Fasn, and Srebp1c. We also detected 400 CR-associated alternative splicing events, with the skipped exon and retained intron events predominantly affecting lipid biosynthesis and energy metabolism. Among these events, Ncoa2, a nuclear receptor coactivator involved in lipid metabolism, exhibited increased exon 13 inclusion under CR, favoring the expression of the full-length isoform. Functional assays revealed that full-length NCOA2 enhanced PPARγ-mediated transcriptional activation, while the truncated Δ-NCOA2 isoform exhibited altered coactivator activity. Δ-NCOA2 was found to lack an LXXL motif critical for nuclear receptor interactions, potentially modifying its function. Taken together, these findings indicate that CR-induced alternative splicing fine-tunes metabolic and transcriptional networks, thereby contributing to lipid homeostasis and energy adaptation. Our study highlights a novel regulatory layer by which CR modulates metabolism through coordinated transcriptional and splicing alterations, offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of CR on aging and metabolic health. Further investigations are warranted to determine the tissue-specificity of the CR-induced splicing changes and their potential implications for metabolic disorders and lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Mizunoe
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Mitsuki Kumagai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Fukai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Hachiya
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuina Otani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuka Nozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Kyo Tezuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan; Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Haeno
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan.
| | - Koichi Saeki
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan.
| | - Yuki Murayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan; Division of Cell Fate Regulation, Research Institute for Biomedical Science (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan.
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49
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Singh P, Beyl RA, Marlatt KL, Ravussin E. Sleep Duration Alters Overfeeding-mediated Reduction in Insulin Sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2025; 110:e1625-e1630. [PMID: 39028757 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Weight gain and sleep restriction both reduce insulin sensitivity. However, it is not known if sleep duration alters glucose metabolism in response to overfeeding. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of sleep duration on overfeeding-mediated alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity. METHODS Retrospective exploratory analysis of a longitudinal overfeeding study in healthy participants (n = 28, age: 26.9 ± 5.5 years, body mass index: 25.74 ± 2.45 kg/m2). After providing baseline study measures, participants were overfed 40% above weight maintenance calorie requirements for 8 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was determined by a 2-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Baseline habitual sleep duration was estimated by accelerometry, and sleep groups were created based on median sleep duration (5.2 hours/night). RESULTS Overfeeding led to an average body weight gain of 7.3 ± .4 kg. Habitual sleep duration did not alter overfeeding-mediated body weight gain, fat gain, and fat distribution (all P > .15). Compared to participants with more sleep, fasting insulin (P = .01) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (P = .02) increased while fasting glucose remained unchanged (P = .68) with overfeeding in participants with shorter sleep duration. Glucose infusion rate during high insulin dose was reduced with overfeeding in participants with short sleep duration but not in participants with more sleep (P < .01). CONCLUSION Overfeeding mediated weight gain reduced liver, adipose, and whole-body insulin sensitivity prominently in individuals with short sleep duration but not in individuals with longer sleep duration. This suggests that promoting adequate sleep during short periods of overeating may prevent detrimental effects on glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Singh
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Robbie A Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Kara L Marlatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Takahashi T, Takase Y, Shiraishi A, Matsubara S, Watanabe T, Kirimoto S, Yamagaki T, Osawa M. Weight Gain With Advancing Age Is Controlled by the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M4 in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2025; 166:bqaf064. [PMID: 40179260 PMCID: PMC12012353 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, and it is a serious global health issue. Understanding the pathology of obesity is crucial for developing effective interventions. In this study, we investigated the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 (mAChR-M4) in the regulation of obesity in Chrm4-knockout (M4-KO) mice. Male M4-KO mice showed higher weight gain and accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) with advancing age than the wild-type mice. The M4-KO mice also showed increased leptin expression at both the transcription and the translation levels. RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of subcutaneous adipose tissues revealed that the expression of WAT marker genes was significantly enhanced in the M4-KO mice. In contrast, the expression levels of brown adipose tissue/beige adipose tissue markers were strongly decreased in the M4-KO mice. To identify the Chrm4-expressing cell types, we generated Chrm4-mScarlet reporter mice and examined the localization of the mScarlet fluorescent signals in subcutaneous tissues. Fluorescent signals were prominently detected in WAT and mesenchymal stem cells. Additionally, we also found that choline acetyltransferase was expressed in macrophages, suggesting their involvement in acetylcholine (ACh) secretion. Corroborating this notion, we were able to quantitatively measure the ACh in subcutaneous tissues by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Collectively, our findings suggest that endogenous ACh released from macrophages maintains the homeostasis of adipose cell growth and differentiation via mAChR-M4 in male mice. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying obesity and potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Takahashi
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Bioorganic Research Institute, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Yuta Takase
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Bioorganic Research Institute, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Bioorganic Research Institute, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Shin Matsubara
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Bioorganic Research Institute, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Takehiro Watanabe
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Bioorganic Research Institute, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Shinji Kirimoto
- Animal Science Business Unit, KAC Co., Ltd., Kyoto 604-8423, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamagaki
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Bioorganic Research Institute, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Masatake Osawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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