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Zhang H, Xiong Y, Chen J. DNA-protein cross-link repair: what do we know now? Cell Biosci 2020; 10:3. [PMID: 31921408 PMCID: PMC6945406 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When a protein is covalently and irreversibly bound to DNA (i.e., a DNA–protein cross-link [DPC]), it may obstruct any DNA-based transaction, such as transcription and replication. DPC formation is very common in cells, as it can arise from endogenous factors, such as aldehyde produced during cell metabolism, or exogenous sources like ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, and chemotherapeutic agents. DPCs are composed of DNA, protein, and their cross-linked bonds, each of which can be targeted by different repair pathways. Many studies have demonstrated that nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination can act on DNA molecules and execute nuclease-dependent DPC repair. Enzymes that have evolved to deal specifically with DPC, such as tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterases 1 and 2, can directly reverse cross-linked bonds and release DPC from DNA. The newly identified proteolysis pathway, which employs the proteases Wss1 and SprT-like domain at the N-terminus (SPRTN), can directly hydrolyze the proteins in DPCs, thus offering a new venue for DPC repair in cells. A deep understanding of the mechanisms of each pathway and the interplay among them may provide new guidance for targeting DPC repair as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. Here, we summarize the progress in DPC repair field and describe how cells may employ these different repair pathways for efficient repair of DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yun Xiong
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
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Tsuruta H, Sonohara Y, Tohashi K, Aoki Shioi N, Iwai S, Kuraoka I. Effects of acetaldehyde-induced DNA lesions on DNA metabolism. Genes Environ 2020; 42:2. [PMID: 31921374 PMCID: PMC6945695 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-019-0142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaldehyde, produced upon exposure to alcohol, cigarette smoke, polluted air and sugar, is a highly reactive compound that is carcinogenic to humans and causes a variety of DNA lesions in living human cells. Previously, we reported that acetaldehyde reacts with adjacent deoxyguanosine residues on oligonucleotides, but not with single deoxyguanosine residues or other deoxyadenosine, deoxycytosine, or thymidine residues, and revealed that it forms reversible intrastrand crosslinks with the dGpdG sequence (GG dimer). RESULTS Here, we show that restriction enzymes that recognize a GG sequence digested acetaldehyde-treated plasmid DNA with low but significant efficiencies, whereas restriction enzymes that recognize other sequences were able to digest such DNA. This suggested that acetaldehyde produced GG dimers in plasmid DNA. Additionally, acetaldehyde-treated oligonucleotides were efficient in preventing digestion by the exonuclease function of T4 DNA polymerase compared to non-treated oligonucleotides, suggesting structural distortions of DNA caused by acetaldehyde-treatment. Neither in vitro DNA synthesis reactions of phi29 DNA polymerase nor in vitro RNA synthesis reactions of T7 RNA polymerase were observed when acetaldehyde-treated plasmid DNA was used, compared to when non-treated plasmid DNA was used, suggesting that acetaldehyde-induced DNA lesions inhibited replication and transcription in DNA metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Acetaldehyde-induced DNA lesions could affect the relative resistance to endo- and exo-nucleolytic activity and also inhibit in vitro replication and in vitro transcription. Thus, investigating the effects of acetaldehyde-induced DNA lesions may enable a better understanding of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Tsuruta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Yuina Sonohara
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kosuke Tohashi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Narumi Aoki Shioi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
| | - Shigenori Iwai
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Isao Kuraoka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan
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Yokoyama A, Omori T, Yokoyama T. Changing trends in cancer incidence of upper aerodigestive tract and stomach in Japanese alcohol-dependent men (1993-2018). Cancer Med 2020; 9:837-846. [PMID: 31957322 PMCID: PMC6970038 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), head and neck SCC (HNSCC), and gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) are frequently detected at an early stage using endoscopic screening in Japanese alcohol-dependent men. METHODS We performed endoscopic screening with esophageal iodine staining and oropharyngolaryngeal inspection in 7582 Japanese alcohol-dependent men (40-79 years) during 1993-2018, and retrospectively investigated their initial screening results. RESULTS The 2008-2018 screening showed lower detection rates for ESCC (2.6% vs 4.0%, P = .0009) and GA (0.5% vs 1.4%, P < .0001) for all age brackets, compared with the 1993-2007 screening. The HNSCC detection rate did not change (1.0% vs 1.1%). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the 2008-2018 screening had a reduced OR (95% CI) for ESCC (0.34 [0.25-0.47]) and GA (0.19 [0.10-0.35]), compared with the 1993-2007 screening. The reduction in H pylori infection is probably the main reason for the decrease in GA detection over time. Declining trends in pack-years and gastric atrophy and increasing trends in age and body mass index (BMI) were found over time. The presence of advanced gastric atrophy increased the risk for ESCC as well as GA. The inactive heterozygous aldehyde dehydrogenase-2*1/*2 genotype was a strong risk factor for ESCC, HNSCC, and GA. Fewer pack-years and a larger BMI decreased the ESCC risk. However, these confounders cannot fully explain why the incidence of ESCC has decreased markedly over the recent decade. CONCLUSIONS The detection rates of ESCC and GA have markedly decreased during the past decade in the alcohol-dependent population. The enigmatic declining trend of ESCC warrants research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yokoyama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction CenterKanagawaJapan
| | - Tai Omori
- Endoscopy CenterKawasaki Municipal Ida HospitalKanagawaJapan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health PromotionNational Institute of Public HealthSaitamaJapan
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Liang D, Fan Y, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Liu M, Liu L, Jiang C. Discovery of coumarin-based selective aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 inhibitors with glucose metabolism improving activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111923. [PMID: 31816557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is associated with the occurrence and development of obesity and insulin resistance. Herein, a series of coumarin-based ALDH1A1 inhibitors were designed, synthesized and evaluated. Among them, compounds 10, 14 and 26 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against ALDH1A1 and high selectivity over ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3, ALDH2 and ALDH3A1. Optimized compound 10 showed markedly improved pharmacokinetic characters and ADME profiles comparing to the lead compound 1. In vitro study demonstrated that 10 alleviated palmitic acid-induced impairment of glucose consumption in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailin Liang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yazhou Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Meiyang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Donohue TM, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK, Thomes PG. Lysosome and proteasome dysfunction in alcohol-induced liver injury. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Osorio-Paz I, Brunauer R, Alavez S. Beer and its non-alcoholic compounds in health and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3492-3505. [PMID: 31782326 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1696278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on human health. Specifically, consumption of red wine and beer has shown a J-shape relation with many important diseases. While a role of ethanol cannot be excluded, the high content of polyphenols in both beverages has been proposed to contribute to these effects, with beer having the advantage over wine that it is lower in alcohol. In addition to ethanol, beer contains a wide variety of compounds with known medicinal potential such as kaempferol, quercetin, tyrosol and phenolic acids, and it is the main dietary source for the flavones xanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin, and bitter acids such as humulones and lupulones. Clinical and pre-clinical evidence for the protective effects of moderate beer consumption against cardiovascular disease and other diseases has been accumulating since the 1990s, and the non-alcoholic compounds of beer likely exert most of the observed beneficial effects. In this review, we summarize and discuss the effects of beer consumption in health and disease as well as the clinical potential of its non-alcoholic compounds which may be promising candidates for new therapies against common chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixchel Osorio-Paz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Estado de México, México
| | - Regina Brunauer
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Silvestre Alavez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Estado de México, México
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Seo W, Gao Y, He Y, Sun J, Xu H, Feng D, Park SH, Cho YE, Guillot A, Ren T, Wu R, Wang J, Kim SJ, Hwang S, Liangpunsakul S, Yang Y, Niu J, Gao B. ALDH2 deficiency promotes alcohol-associated liver cancer by activating oncogenic pathways via oxidized DNA-enriched extracellular vesicles. J Hepatol 2019; 71:1000-1011. [PMID: 31279903 PMCID: PMC6801025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approximately 30-40% of the Asian population are deficient for aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a key enzyme that detoxifies the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde. However, how ALDH2 deficiency affects alcohol-related HCC remains unclear. METHODS ALDH2 polymorphisms were studied in 646 patients with viral hepatitis B (HBV) infection, who did or did not drink alcohol. A new model of HCC induced by chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and alcohol administration was developed and studied in 3 lines of Aldh2-deficient mice: including Aldh2 global knockout (KO) mice, Aldh2*1/*2 knock-in mutant mice, and liver-specific Aldh2 KO mice. RESULTS We demonstrated that ALDH2 deficiency was not associated with liver disease progression but was associated with an increased risk of HCC development in cirrhotic patients with HBV who consumed excessive alcohol. The mechanisms underlying HCC development associated with cirrhosis and alcohol consumption were studied in Aldh2-deficient mice. We found that all 3 lines of Aldh2-deficient mice were more susceptible to CCl4 plus alcohol-associated liver fibrosis and HCC development. Furthermore, our results from in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies revealed that after CCl4 plus ethanol exposure, Aldh2-deficient hepatocytes produced a large amount of harmful oxidized mitochondrial DNA via extracellular vesicles, which were then transferred into neighboring HCC cells and together with acetaldehyde activated multiple oncogenic pathways (JNK, STAT3, BCL-2, and TAZ), thereby promoting HCC. CONCLUSIONS ALDH2 deficiency is associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related HCC development from fibrosis in patients and in mice. Mechanistic studies reveal a novel mechanism that Aldh2-deficient hepatocytes promote alcohol-associated HCC by transferring harmful oxidized mitochondrial DNA-enriched extracellular vesicles into HCC and subsequently activating multiple oncogenic pathways in HCC. LAY SUMMARY Alcoholics with an ALDH2 polymorphism have an increased risk of digestive tract cancer development, however, the link between ALDH2 deficiency and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development has not been well established. In this study, we show that ALDH2 deficiency exacerbates alcohol-associated HCC development both in patients and mouse models. Mechanistic studies revealed that after chronic alcohol exposure, Aldh2-deficient hepatocytes produce a large amount of harmful oxidized mitochondrial DNA via extracellular vesicles, which can be delivered into neighboring HCC cells and subsequently activate multiple oncogenic pathways, promoting HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA;,Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongqin Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seol Hee Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA;,Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ruihong Wu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine;,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA;,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Waris S, Habib S, Khan S, Kausar T, Naeem SM, Siddiqui SA, Moinuddin, Ali A. Molecular docking explores heightened immunogenicity and structural dynamics of acetaldehyde human immunoglobulin G adduct. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1522-1536. [PMID: 31185142 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetaldehyde is a metabolite of ethanol, an important constituent of tobacco pyrolysis and the aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation. Acetaldehyde induced toxicity is mainly due to its binding to cellular macromolecules resulting in the formation of stable adducts accompanied by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to characterize structural and immunological alterations in human immunoglobulin G (IgG) modified with acetaldehyde in the presence of sodium borohydride, a reducing agent. The IgG modifications were studied by various physicochemical techniques such as fluorescence and CD spectroscopy, free amino group estimation, 2,2-azobis 2-amidinopropane (AAPH) induced red blood cell hemolysis as well as transmission electron microscopy. Molecular docking was also employed to predict the preferential binding of acetaldehyde to IgG. The immunogenicity of native and acetaldehyde-modified IgG was investigated by immunizing female New Zealand white rabbits using native and modified IgG as antigens. Binding specificity and cross reactivity of rabbit antibodies was screened by competitive inhibition ELISA and band shift assays. The modification of human IgG with acetaldehyde results in quenching of the fluorescence of tyrosine residues, decrease in free amino group content, a change in the antioxidant property as well as formation of cross-linked structures in human IgG. Molecular docking reveals strong binding of IgG to acetaldehyde. Moreover, acetaldehyde modified IgG induced high titer antibodies (>1:12800) in the experimental animals. The antibodies exhibited high specificity in competitive binding assay toward acetaldehyde modified human IgG. The results indicate that acetaldehyde induces alterations in secondary and tertiary structure of IgG molecule that leads to formation of neo-epitopes on IgG that enhances its immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Waris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shifa Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tasneem Kausar
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahid M Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahid A Siddiqui
- Department of Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yang L, Yang C, Thomes PG, Kharbanda KK, Casey CA, McNiven MA, Donohue TM. Lipophagy and Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:495. [PMID: 31143122 PMCID: PMC6521574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the influence of ethanol consumption on hepatic lipophagy, a selective form of autophagy during which fat-storing organelles known as lipid droplets (LDs) are degraded in lysosomes. During classical autophagy, also known as macroautophagy, all forms of macromolecules and organelles are sequestered in autophagosomes, which, with their cargo, fuse with lysosomes, forming autolysosomes in which the cargo is degraded. It is well established that excessive drinking accelerates intrahepatic lipid biosynthesis, enhances uptake of fatty acids by the liver from the plasma and impairs hepatic secretion of lipoproteins. All the latter contribute to alcohol-induced fatty liver (steatosis). Here, our principal focus is on lipid catabolism, specifically the impact of excessive ethanol consumption on lipophagy, which significantly influences the pathogenesis alcohol-induced steatosis. We review findings, which demonstrate that chronic ethanol consumption retards lipophagy, thereby exacerbating steatosis. This is important for two reasons: (1) Unlike adipose tissue, the liver is considered a fat-burning, not a fat-storing organ. Thus, under normal conditions, lipophagy in hepatocytes actively prevents lipid droplet accumulation, thereby maintaining lipostasis; (2) Chronic alcohol consumption subverts this fat-burning function by slowing lipophagy while accelerating lipogenesis, both contributing to fatty liver. Steatosis was formerly regarded as a benign consequence of heavy drinking. It is now recognized as the "first hit" in the spectrum of alcohol-induced pathologies that, with continued drinking, progresses to more advanced liver disease, liver failure, and/or liver cancer. Complete lipid droplet breakdown requires that LDs be digested to release their high-energy cargo, consisting principally of cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols (triglycerides). These subsequently undergo lipolysis, yielding free fatty acids that are oxidized in mitochondria to generate energy. Our review will describe recent findings on the role of lipophagy in LD catabolism, how continuous heavy alcohol consumption affects this process, and the putative mechanism(s) by which this occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul G. Thomes
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
- Departments of Internal Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
- Departments of Internal Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Carol A. Casey
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
- Departments of Internal Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mark A. McNiven
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
- Departments of Internal Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Association of ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism with the risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181915. [PMID: 30872408 PMCID: PMC6443950 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption has been established to be a major factor in the development and progress of cancer. Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolism genes result in differences between individuals in exposure to acetaldehyde, leading to possible carcinogenic effects. Arg47His (rs1229984 G > A) in ADH1B have been frequently studied for its potential effect on carcinogenesis. However, the findings are as yet inconclusive. To gain a more precise estimate of this potential association, we conducted a meta-analysis including 66 studies from 64 articles with 31999 cases and 50964 controls. The pooled results indicated that ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism is significantly associated with the decreased risk of overall cancer (homozygous model, odds ratio (OR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49–0.77; heterozygous model, OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.60–0.84; recessive model, OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.76–0.91; dominant model, OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.53–0.72; and allele comparison, OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.75–0.89). Stratified analysis by cancer type and ethnicity showed that a decreased risk was associated with esophageal cancer and head and neck cancer amongst Asians. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggested that ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased overall cancer risk. These findings need further validation in large multicenter investigations.
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Zhang H, Xue L, Li B, Zhang Z, Tao S. Vitamin D Protects Against Alcohol‐Induced Liver Cell Injury Within an NRF2–ALDH2 Feedback Loop. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801014. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Lian Xue
- School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Experimental Center of Medical CollegeSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Shasha Tao
- School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
- J. Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseaseSchool of Public HealthSoochow University Suzhou 215123 PR China
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Acetaldehyde forms covalent GG intrastrand crosslinks in DNA. Sci Rep 2019; 9:660. [PMID: 30679737 PMCID: PMC6345987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogens often generate mutable DNA lesions that contribute to cancer and aging. However, the chemical structure of tumorigenic DNA lesions formed by acetaldehyde remains unknown, although it has long been considered an environmental mutagen in alcohol, tobacco, and food. Here, we identify an aldehyde-induced DNA lesion, forming an intrastrand crosslink between adjacent guanine bases, but not in single guanine bases or in other combinations of nucleotides. The GG intrastrand crosslink exists in equilibrium in the presence of aldehyde, and therefore it has not been detected or analyzed in the previous investigations. The newly identified GG intrastrand crosslinks might explain the toxicity and mutagenicity of acetaldehyde in DNA metabolism.
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Yokoyama A, Yokoyama T, Omori T, Maesato H, Takimura T, Iwahara C, Kimura M, Matsui T, Mizukami T, Maruyama K. Endoscopic screening using esophageal iodine staining and genotypes of ADH1B and ALDH2 in Japanese alcohol-dependent women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210546. [PMID: 30629674 PMCID: PMC6328133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of large or multiple esophageal distinct iodine-unstained lesions (DIULs) is a strong predictor of field cancerization in the upper aerodigestive tract. Several risk factors for DIULs, including genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ADH1B, rs1229984; ALDH2, rs671), have been demonstrated in Japanese alcohol-dependent men. However, few evaluations of alcohol-dependent women have been conducted in this field. METHODS Using multiple logistic regression models, we investigated the results of screening using esophageal iodine staining and the identification of determinants for esophageal DIULs in 472 Japanese alcohol-dependent women. RESULTS DIULs ≥5 mm, multiple DILUs, and both characteristics were observed in 35 (7.4%), 31 (6.6%), and 16 (3.4%) patients, respectively. DIULs ≥5 mm were histologically diagnosed as low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in 26 patients and superficial squamous cell carcinoma in 9 patients. Although the inactive heterozygous ALDH2*1/*2 genotype was more common (33.3% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.002) in the group with DIULs ≥5 mm than in the group without DIULs ≥5 mm, no significant differences in the results of a questionnaire asking about current and past facial flushing after a glass of beer were seen between the groups with and without DIULs ≥5 mm. When individuals with current or former flushing were assumed to have inactive ALDH2, the sensitivity and specificity of current or former flushing to identify the presence of inactive ALDH2 were 50.0% and 93.5%, respectively; these values were previously reported to be 88% and 92%, respectively, in a Japanese general female population. The low sensitivity in the present study suggests that a lack of alcohol flushing may play a crucial role in the development of alcohol dependence in women with inactive ALDH2. No significant differences in age, usual alcohol consumption, or smoking habits were observed according to ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the slow-metabolizing ADH1B*1/*1 genotype (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 12.5 [4.82-32.4] and 9.89 [3.50-27.9]), the inactive heterozygous ALDH2*1/*2 genotype (2.94 [1.18-7.38] and 3.79 [1.40-10.3]), a lower body mass index per -1 kg/m2 (1.17 [1.02-1.35] and 1.38 [1.14-1.67]), and a mean corpuscular volume ≥106 fl (3.70 [1.56-8.81] and 3.27 [1.24-8.64]) increased the risk of DIULs ≥5 mm and multiple DIULs, respectively. The combination of ADH1B*1/*1 and ALDH2*1/*2 markedly increased the risk of esophageal DIULs ≥5 mm (39.3 [10.6-146]). CONCLUSIONS Japanese alcohol-dependent women shared several common risk factors for esophageal squamous cell neoplasia with alcohol-dependent men, but with considerably different magnitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yokoyama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tai Omori
- Endoscopy Center, Kawasaki Municipal Ida Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maesato
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takimura
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chie Iwahara
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kimura
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Matsui
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizukami
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Maruyama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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Sousa Coelho IDDD, Lapa Neto CJC, Souza TGDS, Silva MAD, Chagas CA, Santos KRPD, Wanderley Teixeira V, Teixeira ÁAC. Protective effect of exogenous melatonin in rats and their offspring on the genotoxic response induced by the chronic consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 832-833:52-60. [PMID: 30057021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal alcoholism can induce serious injuries in embryonic and fetal development. The metabolism of alcohol increases the production of free radicals and acetaldehyde, molecules capable of reacting with DNA, impairing organogenesis. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that can act as a protective agent against DNA damage caused by genotoxic agents, such as ethanol. This study evaluated the protective effect of exogenous melatonin in rats and their offspring on the genotoxic response induced by chronic alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Twenty-five pregnant rats were divided into the following groups: NC - Negative control; ET - Rats receiving ethanol (3 g/kg/day); ET+10 M - Rats receiving ethanol (3 g/kg/day) and melatonin (10 mg/kg/day); ET+15 M - Rats receiving ethanol (3 g/kg/day) and melatonin (15 mg/kg/day); PC - Positive control (40 mg/kg cyclophosphamide). The dams and 10 pups (five males and five females) from each group were anesthetized to collect blood and liver from the dams and blood, liver and brain of neonates to evaluate the frequency of DNA damage by the comet assay. Blood was also used for the micronucleus test. The results demonstrated a significant increase in DNA damage in the blood and liver cells of dams receiving ethanol and their offspring as well as in the brain of these neonates. Treatments with melatonin (10 and 15 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced the genotoxicity caused by ethanol in the blood of dams and neonates (males and females), liver of dams and male offsprings, and in the brain of female offsprings. It was shown that only the female offspring exposed to maternal alcohol consumption showed a higher frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes. Consequently, exogenous melatonin may be a promising therapeutic agent against genotoxic damage induced by alcohol; however, further studies are needed to confirm these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Dayane Duarte de Sousa Coelho
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Clovis José Cavalcanti Lapa Neto
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Talita Giselly Dos Santos Souza
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fármacos, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Meykson Alexandre da Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fármacos, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Aparecido Chagas
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fármacos, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Katharine Raquel Pereira Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fármacos, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria Wanderley Teixeira
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Aguiar Coelho Teixeira
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Chen D, Fang L, Li H, Jin C. The effects of acetaldehyde exposure on histone modifications and chromatin structure in human lung bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:375-385. [PMID: 29569274 PMCID: PMC6031465 DOI: 10.1002/em.22187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As the primary metabolite of alcohol and the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke, acetaldehyde is linked to a number of human diseases associated with chronic alcohol consumption and smoking including cancers. In addition to direct DNA damage as a result of the formation of acetaldehyde-DNA adducts, acetaldehyde may also indirectly impact proper genome function through the formation of protein adducts. Histone proteins are the major component of the chromatin. Post-translational histone modifications (PTMs) are critically important for the maintenance of genetic and epigenetic stability. However, little is known about how acetaldehyde-histone adducts affect histone modifications and chromatin structure. The results of protein carbonyl assays suggest that acetaldehyde forms adducts with histone proteins in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The level of acetylation for N-terminal tails of cytosolic histones H3 and H4, an important modification for histone nuclear import and chromatin assembly, is significantly downregulated following acetaldehyde exposure in BEAS-2B cells, possibly due to the formation of histone adducts and/or the decrease in the expression of histone acetyltransferases. Notably, the level of nucleosomal histones in the chromatin fraction and at most of the genomic loci we tested are low in acetaldehyde-treated cells as compared with the control cells, which is suggestive of inhibition of chromatin assembly. Moreover, acetaldehyde exposure perturbs chromatin structure as evidenced by the increase in general chromatin accessibility and the decrease in nucleosome occupancy at genomic loci following acetaldehyde treatment. Our results indicate that regulation of histone modifications and chromatin accessibility may play important roles in acetaldehyde-induced pathogenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:375-385, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Lei Fang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
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Tacconi EM, Lai X, Folio C, Porru M, Zonderland G, Badie S, Michl J, Sechi I, Rogier M, Matía García V, Batra AS, Rueda OM, Bouwman P, Jonkers J, Ryan A, Reina-San-Martin B, Hui J, Tang N, Bruna A, Biroccio A, Tarsounas M. BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppressors protect against endogenous acetaldehyde toxicity. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1398-1414. [PMID: 28729482 PMCID: PMC5623864 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genome integrity requires the functional interplay between Fanconi anemia (FA) and homologous recombination (HR) repair pathways. Endogenous acetaldehyde, a product of cellular metabolism, is a potent source of DNA damage, particularly toxic to cells and mice lacking the FA protein FANCD2. Here, we investigate whether HR-compromised cells are sensitive to acetaldehyde, similarly to FANCD2-deficient cells. We demonstrate that inactivation of HR factors BRCA1, BRCA2, or RAD51 hypersensitizes cells to acetaldehyde treatment, in spite of the FA pathway being functional. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) play key roles in endogenous acetaldehyde detoxification, and their chemical inhibition leads to cellular acetaldehyde accumulation. We find that disulfiram (Antabuse), an ALDH2 inhibitor in widespread clinical use for the treatment of alcoholism, selectively eliminates BRCA1/2-deficient cells. Consistently, Aldh2 gene inactivation suppresses proliferation of HR-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and human fibroblasts. Hypersensitivity of cells lacking BRCA2 to acetaldehyde stems from accumulation of toxic replication-associated DNA damage, leading to checkpoint activation, G2/M arrest, and cell death. Acetaldehyde-arrested replication forks require BRCA2 and FANCD2 for protection against MRE11-dependent degradation. Importantly, acetaldehyde specifically inhibits in vivo the growth of BRCA1/2-deficient tumors and ex vivo in patient-derived tumor xenograft cells (PDTCs), including those that are resistant to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. The work presented here therefore identifies acetaldehyde metabolism as a potential therapeutic target for the selective elimination of BRCA1/2-deficient cells and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Mc Tacconi
- Department of Oncology, Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xianning Lai
- Department of Oncology, Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cecilia Folio
- Department of Oncology, Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuela Porru
- Area of Translational Research, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gijs Zonderland
- Department of Oncology, Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie Badie
- Department of Oncology, Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johanna Michl
- Department of Oncology, Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Sechi
- Department of Oncology, Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mélanie Rogier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Verónica Matía García
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Oscar M Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anderson Ryan
- Department of Oncology, Lung Cancer Translational Science Research Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bernardo Reina-San-Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Joannie Hui
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nelson Tang
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Area of Translational Research, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Madalena Tarsounas
- Department of Oncology, Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Fox SA, Currie SS, Dalley AJ, Farah CS. Transcriptome changes induced in vitro by alcohol-containing mouthwashes in normal and dysplastic oral keratinocytes. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:511-518. [PMID: 29504154 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of alcohol-containing mouthwash as a risk factor for the development of oral cancer is a subject of conflicting epidemiological evidence in the literature despite alcohol being a recognised carcinogen. The aim of this study was to use in vitro models to investigate mechanistic and global gene expression effects of exposure to alcohol-containing mouthwash. METHODS Two brands of alcohol-containing mouthwash and their alcohol-free counterparts were used to treat two oral cell lines derived from normal (OKF6-TERT) and dysplastic (DOK) tissues. Genotoxicity was determined by Comet assay. RNA-seq was performed using the Ion Torrent platform. Bioinformatics analysis used R/Bioconductor packages with differential expression using DEseq2. Pathway enrichment analysis used EnrichR with the WikiPathways and Kegg databases. RESULTS Both cell lines displayed dose-dependent DNA damage in response to acute exposure to ethanol and alcohol-containing mouthwashes as well as alcohol-free mouthwashes reconstituted with ethanol as shown by Comet assay. The transcriptomic effects of alcohol-containing mouthwash exposure were more complex with significant differential gene expression ranging from >2000 genes in dysplastic (DOK) cells to <100 genes in normal (OKF6-TERT) cells. Pathway enrichment analysis in DOK cells revealed alcohol-containing mouthwashes showed common features between the two brands used including DNA damage response as well as cancer-associated pathways. In OKF6-TERT cells, the most significantly enriched pathways involved inflammatory signalling. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol-containing mouthwashes are genotoxic in vitro to normal and dysplastic oral keratinocytes and induce widespread changes in gene expression. Dysplastic cells are more susceptible to the transcriptomic effects of mouthwash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Fox
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sean S Currie
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J Dalley
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Wang S, Ren J. Role of autophagy and regulatory mechanisms in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2003-2009. [PMID: 29555210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism is accompanied with a high incidence of cardiac morbidity and mortality due to the development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, manifested as dilation of one or both ventricles, reduced ventricular wall thickness, myofibrillary disarray, interstitial fibrosis, hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. Several theories have been postulated for the etiology of alcoholic cardiomyopathy including ethanol/acetaldehyde toxicity, mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative injury, apoptosis, impaired myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and protein synthesis, altered fatty acid extraction and deposition, as well as accelerated protein catabolism. In particular, buildup of long-lived or dysfunctional organelles has been reported to contribute to cardiac structural and functional damage following alcoholism. Removal of cell debris and defective organelles by autophagy is essential to the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis in physiological and pathological conditions. However, insufficient understanding is currently available with regards to the involvement of autophagy in the pathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. This review summarizes the recent findings on the pathophysiological role of dysregulated autophagy in one set and development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. A thorough understanding of how autophagy is affected in alcoholism, and subsequently, contributes to the pathogenesis of alcoholic heart injury, will offer therapeutic guidance towards the management of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetic disorder that is characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF), developmental abnormalities and predisposition to cancer. Together with other proteins involved in DNA repair processes and cell division, the FA proteins maintain genome homeostasis, and germline mutation of any one of the genes that encode FA proteins causes FA. Monoallelic inactivation of some FA genes, such as FA complementation group D1 (FANCD1; also known as the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2), leads to adult-onset cancer predisposition but does not cause FA, and somatic mutations in FA genes occur in cancers in the general population. Carcinogenesis resulting from a dysregulated FA pathway is multifaceted, as FA proteins monitor multiple complementary genome-surveillance checkpoints throughout interphase, where monoubiquitylation of the FANCD2-FANCI heterodimer by the FA core complex promotes recruitment of DNA repair effectors to chromatin lesions to resolve DNA damage and mitosis. In this Review, we discuss how the FA pathway safeguards genome integrity throughout the cell cycle and show how studies of FA have revealed opportunities to develop rational therapeutics for this genetic disease and for malignancies that acquire somatic mutations within the FA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Nalepa
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W Walnut Street, R4-421, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5900, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - D Wade Clapp
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5900, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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Polimanti R, Gelernter J. ADH1B: From alcoholism, natural selection, and cancer to the human phenome. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:113-125. [PMID: 28349588 PMCID: PMC5617762 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ADH1B (Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B (class I), Beta Polypeptide) gene and its best-known functional alleles, Arg48His (rs1229984, ADH1B*2) and Arg370Cys (rs2066702, ADH1B*3), have been investigated in relation to many phenotypic traits; most frequently including alcohol metabolism and alcohol drinking behaviors, but also human evolution, liver function, cancer, and, recently, the comprehensive human phenome. To understand ADH1B functions and consequences, we provide here a bioinformatic analysis of its gene regulation and molecular functions, literature review of studies focused on this gene, and a discussion regarding future research perspectives. Certain ADH1B alleles have large effects on alcohol metabolism, and this relationship particularly encourages further investigations in relation to alcoholism and alcohol-associated cancer to understand better the mechanisms by which alcohol metabolism contributes to alcohol abuse and carcinogenesis. We also observed that ADH1B has complex mechanisms that regulate its expression across multiple human tissues, and these may be involved in cardiac and metabolic traits. Evolutionary data strongly suggest that the selection signatures at the ADH1B locus are primarily related to effects other than those on alcohol metabolism. This is also supported by the involvement of ADH1B in multiple molecular pathways and by the findings of our recent phenome-wide association study. Accordingly, future studies should also investigate other functions of ADH1B potentially relevant for the human phenome. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia is an inherited disease characterized by genomic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, bone marrow failure, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and a high relative risk of myeloid leukemia and epithelial malignancies. The 21 Fanconi anemia genes encode proteins involved in multiple nuclear biochemical pathways that effect DNA interstrand crosslink repair. In the past, bone marrow failure was attributed solely to the failure of stem cells to repair DNA. Recently, non-canonical functions of many of the Fanconi anemia proteins have been described, including modulating responses to oxidative stress, viral infection, and inflammation as well as facilitating mitophagic responses and enhancing signals that promote stem cell function and survival. Some of these functions take place in non-nuclear sites and do not depend on the DNA damage response functions of the proteins. Dysfunctions of the canonical and non-canonical pathways that drive stem cell exhaustion and neoplastic clonal selection are reviewed, and the potential therapeutic importance of fully investigating the scope and interdependences of the canonical and non-canonical pathways is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grover Bagby
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Genetics, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Stornetta A, Guidolin V, Balbo S. Alcohol-Derived Acetaldehyde Exposure in the Oral Cavity. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E20. [PMID: 29342885 PMCID: PMC5789370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a human carcinogen and its consumption has been associated to an increased risk of liver, breast, colorectum, and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers. Its mechanisms of carcinogenicity remain unclear and various hypotheses have been formulated depending on the target organ considered. In the case of UADT cancers, alcohol's major metabolite acetaldehyde seems to play a crucial role. Acetaldehyde reacts with DNA inducing modifications, which, if not repaired, can result in mutations and lead to cancer development. Despite alcohol being mainly metabolized in the liver, several studies performed in humans found higher levels of acetaldehyde in saliva compared to those found in blood immediately after alcohol consumption. These results suggest that alcohol-derived acetaldehyde exposure may occur in the oral cavity independently from liver metabolism. This hypothesis is supported by our recent results showing the presence of acetaldehyde-related DNA modifications in oral cells of monkeys and humans exposed to alcohol, overall suggesting that the alcohol metabolism in the oral cavity is an independent cancer risk factor. This review article will focus on illustrating the factors modulating alcohol-derived acetaldehyde exposure and effects in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Stornetta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Valeria Guidolin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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73
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Acetaldehyde inhibits retinoic acid biosynthesis to mediate alcohol teratogenicity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:347. [PMID: 29321611 PMCID: PMC5762763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy induces Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which has been proposed to arise from competitive inhibition of retinoic acid (RA) biosynthesis. We provide biochemical and developmental evidence identifying acetaldehyde as responsible for this inhibition. In the embryo, RA production by RALDH2 (ALDH1A2), the main retinaldehyde dehydrogenase expressed at that stage, is inhibited by ethanol exposure. Pharmacological inhibition of the embryonic alcohol dehydrogenase activity, prevents the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde that in turn functions as a RALDH2 inhibitor. Acetaldehyde-mediated reduction of RA can be rescued by RALDH2 or retinaldehyde supplementation. Enzymatic kinetic analysis of human RALDH2 shows a preference for acetaldehyde as a substrate over retinaldehyde. RA production by hRALDH2 is efficiently inhibited by acetaldehyde but not by ethanol itself. We conclude that acetaldehyde is the teratogenic derivative of ethanol responsible for the reduction in RA signaling and induction of the developmental malformations characteristic of FASD. This competitive mechanism will affect tissues requiring RA signaling when exposed to ethanol throughout life.
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74
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Molecular Mechanisms of Acetaldehyde-Mediated Carcinogenesis in Squamous Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091943. [PMID: 28891965 PMCID: PMC5618592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde is a highly reactive compound that causes various forms of damage to DNA, including DNA adducts, single- and/or double-strand breaks (DSBs), point mutations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and DNA-DNA cross-links. Among these, DNA adducts such as N²-ethylidene-2'-deoxyguanosine, N²-ethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine, N²-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine, and N²-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine are central to acetaldehyde-mediated DNA damage because they are associated with the induction of DNA mutations, DNA-DNA cross-links, DSBs, and SCEs. Acetaldehyde is produced endogenously by alcohol metabolism and is catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Alcohol consumption increases blood and salivary acetaldehyde levels, especially in individuals with ALDH2 polymorphisms, which are highly associated with the risk of squamous cell carcinomas in the upper aerodigestive tract. Based on extensive epidemiological evidence, the International Agency for Research on Cancer defined acetaldehyde associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages as a "group 1 carcinogen" (definite carcinogen) for the esophagus and/or head and neck. In this article, we review recent advances from studies of acetaldehyde-mediated carcinogenesis in the squamous epithelium, focusing especially on acetaldehyde-mediated DNA adducts. We also give attention to research on acetaldehyde-mediated DNA repair pathways such as the Fanconi anemia pathway and refer to our studies on the prevention of acetaldehyde-mediated DNA damage.
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75
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Müller MF, Zhou Y, Adams DJ, Arends MJ. Effects of long-term ethanol consumption and Aldh1b1 depletion on intestinal tumourigenesis in mice. J Pathol 2017; 241:649-660. [PMID: 28026023 DOI: 10.1002/path.4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde have been classified as carcinogens for the upper aerodigestive tract, liver, breast, and colorectum. Whereas mechanisms related to oxidative stress and Cyp2e1 induction seem to prevail in the liver, and acetaldehyde has been proposed to play a crucial role in the upper aerodigestive tract, pathological mechanisms in the colorectum have not yet been clarified. Moreover, all evidence for a pro-carcinogenic role of ethanol in colorectal cancer is derived from correlations observed in epidemiological studies or from rodent studies with additional carcinogen application or tumour suppressor gene inactivation. In the current study, wild-type mice and mice with depletion of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1b1 (Aldh1b1), an enzyme which has been proposed to play an important role in acetaldehyde detoxification in the intestines, received ethanol in drinking water for 1 year. Long-term ethanol consumption led to intestinal tumour development in wild-type and Aldh1b1-depleted mice, but no intestinal tumours were observed in water-treated controls. Moreover, a significant increase in DNA damage was detected in the large intestinal epithelium of ethanol-treated mice of both genotypes compared with the respective water-treated groups, along with increased proliferation of the small and large intestinal epithelium. Aldh1b1 depletion led to increased plasma acetaldehyde levels in ethanol-treated mice, to a significant aggravation of ethanol-induced intestinal hyperproliferation, and to more advanced features of intestinal tumours, but it did not affect intestinal tumour incidence. These data indicate that ethanol consumption can initiate intestinal tumourigenesis without any additional carcinogen treatment or tumour suppressor gene inactivation, and we provide evidence for a role of Aldh1b1 in protection of the intestines from ethanol-induced damage, as well as for both carcinogenic and tumour-promoting functions of acetaldehyde, including increased progression of ethanol-induced tumours. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike F Müller
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ying Zhou
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark J Arends
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
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76
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Buchman CD, Hurley TD. Inhibition of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1/2 Family by Psoralen and Coumarin Derivatives. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2439-2455. [PMID: 28219011 PMCID: PMC5765548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), one of 19 ALDH superfamily members, catalyzes the NAD+-dependent oxidation of aldehydes to their respective carboxylic acids. In this study, we further characterized the inhibition of four psoralen and coumarin derivatives toward ALDH2 and compared them to the ALDH2 inhibitor daidzin for selectivity against five ALDH1/2 isoenzymes. Compound 2 (Ki = 19 nM) binds within the aldehyde-binding site of the free enzyme species of ALDH2. Thirty-three structural analogs were examined to develop a stronger SAR profile. Seven compounds maintained or improved upon the selectivity toward one of the five ALDH1/2 isoenzymes, including compound 36, a selective inhibitor for ALDH2 (Ki = 2.4 μM), and compound 32, which was 10-fold selective for ALDH1A1 (Ki = 1.2 μM) versus ALDH1A2. Further medicinal chemistry on the compounds' basic scaffold could enhance the potency and selectivity for ALDH1A1 or ALDH2 and generate chemical probes to examine the unique and overlapping functions of the ALDH1/2 isoenzymes.
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77
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Osna NA, Donohue TM, Kharbanda KK. Alcoholic Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and Current Management. Alcohol Res 2017; 38:147-161. [PMID: 28988570 PMCID: PMC5513682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is a global healthcare problem. The liver sustains the greatest degree of tissue injury by heavy drinking because it is the primary site of ethanol metabolism. Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption produces a wide spectrum of hepatic lesions, the most characteristic of which are steatosis, hepatitis, and fibrosis/cirrhosis. Steatosis is the earliest response to heavy drinking and is characterized by the deposition of fat in hepatocytes. Steatosis can progress to steatohepatitis, which is a more severe, inflammatory type of liver injury. This stage of liver disease can lead to the development of fibrosis, during which there is excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. The fibrotic response begins with active pericellular fibrosis, which may progress to cirrhosis, characterized by excessive liver scarring, vascular alterations, and eventual liver failure. Among problem drinkers, about 35 percent develop advanced liver disease because a number of disease modifiers exacerbate, slow, or prevent alcoholic liver disease progression. There are still no FDA-approved pharmacological or nutritional therapies for treating patients with alcoholic liver disease. Cessation of drinking (i.e., abstinence) is an integral part of therapy. Liver transplantation remains the life-saving strategy for patients with end-stage alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Osna
- Natalia A. Osna, Ph.D., is a Research Biologist in the Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, and an Associate Professor in the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, both in Omaha, Nebraska. Terrence M. Donohue, Jr., Ph.D., is a Research Biochemist in the Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, and a Professor in the Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, both in Omaha, Nebraska. Kusum K. Kharbanda, Ph.D., is a Research Biologist in the Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, and a Professor in the Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, both in Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Terrence M Donohue
- Natalia A. Osna, Ph.D., is a Research Biologist in the Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, and an Associate Professor in the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, both in Omaha, Nebraska. Terrence M. Donohue, Jr., Ph.D., is a Research Biochemist in the Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, and a Professor in the Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, both in Omaha, Nebraska. Kusum K. Kharbanda, Ph.D., is a Research Biologist in the Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, and a Professor in the Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, both in Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Natalia A. Osna, Ph.D., is a Research Biologist in the Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, and an Associate Professor in the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, both in Omaha, Nebraska. Terrence M. Donohue, Jr., Ph.D., is a Research Biochemist in the Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, and a Professor in the Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, both in Omaha, Nebraska. Kusum K. Kharbanda, Ph.D., is a Research Biologist in the Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, and a Professor in the Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, both in Omaha, Nebraska
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78
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Brooks
- a Laboratory of Neurogenetics , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - Kornel Schuebel
- a Laboratory of Neurogenetics , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
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79
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Noguchi C, Grothusen G, Anandarajan V, Martínez-Lage García M, Terlecky D, Corzo K, Tanaka K, Nakagawa H, Noguchi E. Genetic controls of DNA damage avoidance in response to acetaldehyde in fission yeast. Cell Cycle 2016; 16:45-58. [PMID: 27687866 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1237326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde, a primary metabolite of alcohol, forms DNA adducts and disrupts the DNA replication process, causing genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. Indeed, chronic alcohol consumption accounts for approximately 3.6% of all cancers worldwide. However, how the adducts are prevented and repaired after acetaldehyde exposure is not well understood. In this report, we used the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model organism to comprehensively understand the genetic controls of DNA damage avoidance in response to acetaldehyde. We demonstrate that Atd1 functions as a major acetaldehyde detoxification enzyme that prevents accumulation of Rad52-DNA repair foci, while Atd2 and Atd3 have minor roles in acetaldehyde detoxification. We found that acetaldehyde causes DNA damage at the replication fork and activates the cell cycle checkpoint to coordinate cell cycle arrest with DNA repair. Our investigation suggests that acetaldehyde-mediated DNA adducts include interstrand-crosslinks and DNA-protein crosslinks. We also demonstrate that acetaldehyde activates multiple DNA repair pathways. Nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination, which are both epistatically linked to the Fanconi anemia pathway, have major roles in acetaldehyde tolerance, while base excision repair and translesion synthesis also contribute to the prevention of acetaldehyde-dependent genomic instability. We also show the involvement of Wss1-related metalloproteases, Wss1 and Wss2, in acetaldehyde tolerance. These results indicate that acetaldehyde causes cellular stresses that require cells to coordinate multiple cellular processes in order to prevent genomic instability. Considering that acetaldehyde is a human carcinogen, our genetic studies serve as a guiding investigation into the mechanisms of acetaldehyde-dependent genomic instability and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Noguchi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Grant Grothusen
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Vinesh Anandarajan
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Marta Martínez-Lage García
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Daniel Terlecky
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Krysten Corzo
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- b Department of Bioscience , School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University , Sanda , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- c Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , PA , USA
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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80
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Van Wassenhove LD, Mochly-Rosen D, Weinberg KI. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in aplastic anemia, Fanconi anemia and hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:28-36. [PMID: 27650066 PMCID: PMC5082284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment depends on the ability to metabolize exogenously and endogenously generated toxins, and to repair cellular damage caused by such toxins. Reactive aldehydes have been demonstrated to cause specific genotoxic injury, namely DNA interstrand cross-links. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a member of a 19 isoenzyme ALDH family with different substrate specificities, subcellular localization, and patterns of expression. ALDH2 is localized in mitochondria and is essential for the metabolism of acetaldehyde, thereby placing it directly downstream of ethanol metabolism. Deficiency in ALDH2 expression and function are caused by a single nucleotide substitution and resulting amino acid change, called ALDH2*2. This genetic polymorphism affects 35-45% of East Asians (about ~560 million people), and causes the well-known Asian flushing syndrome, which results in disulfiram-like reactions after ethanol consumption. Recently, the ALDH2*2 genotype has been found to be associated with marrow failure, with both an increased risk of sporadic aplastic anemia and more rapid progression of Fanconi anemia. This review discusses the unexpected interrelationship between aldehydes, ALDH2 and hematopoietic stem cell biology, and in particular its relationship to Fanconi anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth I Weinberg
- Division of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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81
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Yuen LH, Saxena NS, Park HS, Weinberg K, Kool ET. Dark Hydrazone Fluorescence Labeling Agents Enable Imaging of Cellular Aldehydic Load. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2312-9. [PMID: 27326450 PMCID: PMC5503141 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aldehydes are key intermediates in many cellular processes, from endogenous metabolic pathways like glycolysis to undesired exogenously induced processes such as lipid peroxidation and DNA interstrand cross-linking. Alkyl aldehydes are well documented to be cytotoxic, affecting the functions of DNA and protein, and their levels are tightly regulated by the oxidative enzyme ALDH2. Mutations in this enzyme are associated with cardiac damage, diseases such as Fanconi anemia (FA), and cancer. Many attempts have been made to identify and quantify the overall level of these alkyl aldehydes inside cells, yet there are few practical methods available to detect and monitor these volatile aldehydes in real time. Here, we describe a multicolor fluorogenic hydrazone transfer ("DarkZone") system to label alkyl aldehydes, yielding up to 30-fold light-up response in vitro. A cell-permeant DarkZone dye design was applied to detect small-molecule aldehydes in the cellular environment. The new dye design also enabled the monitoring of cellular acetaldehyde production from ethanol over time by flow cytometry, demonstrating the utility of the DarkZone dyes for measuring and imaging the aldehydic load related to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik Hang Yuen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nivedita S Saxena
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hyun Shin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kenneth Weinberg
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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82
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Stiti N, Chandrasekar B, Strubl L, Mohammed S, Bartels D, van der Hoorn RAL. Nicotinamide Cofactors Suppress Active-Site Labeling of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1578-86. [PMID: 26990764 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Active site labeling by (re)activity-based probes is a powerful chemical proteomic tool to globally map active sites in native proteomes without using substrates. Active site labeling is usually taken as a readout for the active state of the enzyme because labeling reflects the availability and reactivity of active sites, which are hallmarks for enzyme activities. Here, we show that this relationship holds tightly, but we also reveal an important exception to this rule. Labeling of Arabidopsis ALDH3H1 with a chloroacetamide probe occurs at the catalytic Cys, and labeling is suppressed upon nitrosylation and oxidation, and upon treatment with other Cys modifiers. These experiments display a consistent and strong correlation between active site labeling and enzymatic activity. Surprisingly, however, labeling is suppressed by the cofactor NAD(+), and this property is shared with other members of the ALDH superfamily and also detected for unrelated GAPDH enzymes with an unrelated hydantoin-based probe in crude extracts of plant cell cultures. Suppression requires cofactor binding to its binding pocket. Labeling is also suppressed by ALDH modulators that bind at the substrate entrance tunnel, confirming that labeling occurs through the substrate-binding cavity. Our data indicate that cofactor binding adjusts the catalytic Cys into a conformation that reduces the reactivity toward chloroacetamide probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Stiti
- Institute
of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Balakumaran Chandrasekar
- Plant
Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1
3RB, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Plant
Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Strubl
- Plant
Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QU, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- Institute
of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Renier A. L. van der Hoorn
- Plant
Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1
3RB, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Plant
Chemetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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83
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Dotto GP, Rustgi AK. Squamous Cell Cancers: A Unified Perspective on Biology and Genetics. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:622-637. [PMID: 27165741 PMCID: PMC4870309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) represent the most frequent human solid tumors and are a major cause of cancer mortality. These highly heterogeneous tumors arise from closely interconnected epithelial cell populations with intrinsic self-renewal potential inversely related to the stratified differentiation program. SCCs can also originate from simple or pseudo-stratified epithelia through activation of quiescent cells and/or a switch in cell-fate determination. Here, we focus on specific determinants implicated in the development of SCCs by recent large-scale genomic, genetic, and epigenetic studies, and complementary functional analysis. The evidence indicates that SCCs from various body sites, while clinically treated as separate entities, have common determinants, pointing to a unified perspective of the disease and potential new avenues for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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84
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Zhang N, Song Y, Wu D, Xu T, Lu M, Zhang W, Wang H. Detection of 1,N(2)-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts in genomic DNA by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in combination with stable isotope dilution. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1450:38-44. [PMID: 27179676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Crotonaldehyde (Cro) is one of widespread and genotoxic α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and can react with the exocyclic amino group of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) in genomic DNA to form 1,N(2)-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (ProdG) adducts. In this study, two diastereomers of high purity were prepared, including non-isotope and stable isotope labeled ProdG adducts, and exploited stable isotope dilution-based calibration method. By taking advantage of synthesized ProdG standards, we developed a sensitive ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for accurate quantification of two diastereomers of ProdG adducts. In addition to optimization of the UHPLC separation, ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) was used as additive in the mobile phase for enhancing the ionization efficiency to ProdG adducts and facilitating MS detection. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) and the limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N=10) are estimated about 50 amol and 150 amol, respectively. By the use of the developed method, both diastereomers of ProdG adducts can be detected in untreated human MRC5 cells with a frequency of 2.4-3.5 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides. Crotonaldehyde treatment dramatically increases the levels of ProdG adducts in human MRC5 in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Danni Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meiling Lu
- Chemical Analysis Group, Agilent Technologies, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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85
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Masaoka H, Ito H, Soga N, Hosono S, Oze I, Watanabe M, Tanaka H, Yokomizo A, Hayashi N, Eto M, Matsuo K. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) polymorphisms exacerbate bladder cancer risk associated with alcohol drinking: gene-environment interaction. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:583-588. [PMID: 26992901 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a range of chemical exposures (cigarette smoking and occupational exposure) are recognized risk factors for the development of bladder cancer (BCa), many epidemiological studies have demonstrated that alcohol drinking is not associated with BCa risk. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2; rs671, Glu504Lys) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B; rs1229984, His47Arg) polymorphisms impact the accumulation of acetaldehyde, resulting in an increased risk of various cancers. To date, however, no studies evaluating the association between BCa risk and alcohol drinking have considered these polymorphisms. Here, we conducted a matched case-control study to investigate whether ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms influence BCa risk associated with alcohol drinking. Cases were 74 BCa patients and controls were 740 first-visit outpatients without cancer at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital between January 2001 and December 2005. Odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and gene-environment interaction were assessed by conditional logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. Results showed that ALDH2 Glu/Lys was associated with a significantly increased risk of BCa compared with Glu/Glu (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.14-3.62, P = 0.017). In contrast, ALDH2 Glu/Lys showed no increase in risk among the stratum of never drinkers compared with Glu/Glu, indicating a gene-environment interaction. ADH1B His/Arg had an OR of 1.98 (1.20-3.24, P = 0.007) compared with His/His. ADH1B Arg+ showed a similar OR and 95% CI. Individuals with ALDH2 Glu/Lys and ADH1B Arg+ had the highest risk of BCa compared with ALDH2 Glu/Glu and ADH1B His/His [OR 4.00 (1.81-8.87), P = 0.001].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Masaoka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan and
| | - Norihito Soga
- Department of Urology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan and
| | - Akira Yokomizo
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norio Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan and
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86
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Li R, Zhao Z, Sun M, Luo J, Xiao Y. ALDH2 gene polymorphism in different types of cancers and its clinical significance. Life Sci 2016; 147:59-66. [PMID: 26804999 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), an important mitochondrial enzyme governing ethanol metabolism, displays polymorphism in human. Recent evidence suggested that genetic polymorphism in ALDH2 gene may be significantly correlated with the susceptibility to cancer, such as colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, and liver cancer. To investigate the correlation between ALDH2 mutant gene and the risk of a certain cancer, many studies have been done by testing the ALDH2 genotype in patients with cancers. Here, we summarized 84 ALDH2 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in human cancer, which focus primarily on the rs671 SNP site. As a novel biological marker, ALDH2 displays a very attractive prospect in the screening, diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis of many diseases. Moreover, much attention has been attracted to the studies of the biological functions and potential value of ALDH2 in the human cancer treatment. This review will provide an overview about the clinical prospects of ALDH2 based on the available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Radiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachi Luo
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yechen Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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87
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Wang F, Li Y, Zhang YJ, Zhou Y, Li S, Li HB. Natural Products for the Prevention and Treatment of Hangover and Alcohol Use Disorder. Molecules 2016; 21:64. [PMID: 26751438 PMCID: PMC6274469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine and spirits are widely consumed around the world. However, alcohol and its metabolite acetaldehyde are toxic and harmful to human beings. Chronic alcohol use disorder or occasional binge drinking can cause a wide range of health problems, such as hangover, liver damage and cancer. Some natural products such as traditional herbs, fruits, and vegetables might be potential dietary supplements or medicinal products for the prevention and treatment of the problems caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of effective natural products for the prevention and treatment of hangover and alcohol use disorder, and special emphasis is paid to the possible functional component(s) and related mechanism(s) of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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88
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McKillop IH, Schrum LW, Thompson KJ. Role of alcohol in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepat Oncol 2016; 3:29-43. [PMID: 30191025 PMCID: PMC6095421 DOI: 10.2217/hep.15.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Chronic, heavy ethanol consumption is a major risk for developing the worsening liver pathologies that culminate in hepatic cirrhosis, the leading risk factor for developing HCC. A significant body of work reports the biochemical and pathological consequences of ethanol consumption and metabolism during hepatocarcinogeneis. The systemic effects of ethanol means organ system interactions are equally important in understanding the initiation and progression of HCC within the alcoholic liver. This review aims to summarize the effects of ethanol-ethanol metabolism during the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, the progression toward HCC and the importance of ethanol as a comorbid factor for HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain H McKillop
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA
| | - Laura W Schrum
- Department of Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA
| | - Kyle J Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA
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89
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Ohashi S, Miyamoto S, Kikuchi O, Goto T, Amanuma Y, Muto M. Recent Advances From Basic and Clinical Studies of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:1700-15. [PMID: 26376349 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive squamous cell carcinomas and is highly prevalent in Asia. Alcohol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, are considered definite carcinogens for the esophagus. Polymorphisms in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene, which encodes an enzyme that eliminates acetaldehyde, have been associated with esophageal carcinogenesis. Studies of the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of acetaldehyde support this observation. Several recent large-scale comprehensive analyses of the genomic alterations in ESCC have shown a high frequency of mutations in genes such as TP53 and others that regulate the cell cycle or cell differentiation. Moreover, whole genome and whole exome sequencing studies have frequently detected somatic mutations, such as G:C→A:T transitions or G:C→C:G transversions, in ESCC tissues. Genomic instability, caused by abnormalities in the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway, is also considered a pathogenic mechanism of ESCC. Advances in diagnostic techniques such as magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging or positron emission tomography have increased the accuracy of diagnosis of ESCC. Updated guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network standardize the practice for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer. Patients with ESCC are treated endoscopically or with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, based on tumor stage. Minimally invasive treatments help improve the quality of life of patients who undergo such treatments. We review recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC and advances gained from basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital Cancer Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Amanuma
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital Cancer Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital Cancer Center, Kyoto, Japan.
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90
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Protective role of ALDH2 against acetaldehyde-derived DNA damage in oesophageal squamous epithelium. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14142. [PMID: 26374466 PMCID: PMC4570974 DOI: 10.1038/srep14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde is an ethanol-derived definite carcinogen that causes oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme that eliminates acetaldehyde, and impairment of ALDH2 increases the risk of ESCC. ALDH2 is produced in various tissues including the liver, heart, and kidney, but the generation and functional roles of ALDH2 in the oesophagus remain elusive. Here, we report that ethanol drinking increased ALDH2 production in the oesophagus of wild-type mice. Notably, levels of acetaldehyde-derived DNA damage represented by N2-ethylidene-2′-deoxyguanosine were higher in the oesophagus of Aldh2-knockout mice than in wild-type mice upon ethanol consumption. In vitro experiments revealed that acetaldehyde induced ALDH2 production in both mouse and human oesophageal keratinocytes. Furthermore, the N2-ethylidene-2′-deoxyguanosine levels increased in both Aldh2-knockout mouse keratinocytes and ALDH2-knockdown human keratinocytes treated with acetaldehyde. Conversely, forced production of ALDH2 sharply diminished the N2-ethylidene-2′-deoxyguanosine levels. Our findings provide new insight into the preventive role of oesophageal ALDH2 against acetaldehyde-derived DNA damage.
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91
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Zakhari S. Chronic alcohol drinking: Liver and pancreatic cancer? Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39 Suppl 1:S86-91. [PMID: 26193868 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease that results from complex interactions of numerous risk factors - genetic and environmental - over time, eventually leading to the diseased phenotypes. Thus, while epidemiological studies can point to risk factors, they cannot determine cause and effect relationships, and are unable to give biological and clinical insights into carcinogenesis. The link between any risk factor and carcinogenesis needs to be validated in experimental models. This is particularly true in epidemiological studies on alcohol consumption and its consequences. While there is no doubt that heavy alcohol consumption has devastating health effects, the inconsistencies in alcohol-related epidemiological studies and cancer suffer from possible sources of the variability in outcomes, ranging from inaccuracy of self-report of consumption to the problem of correlating cancer that started decades earlier to current or recent alcohol consumption. To further study the interactions between alcohol and cancer, the use of "Molecular Pathological Epidemiology" (MPE) advocated by Ogino et al. for dissecting the interplay between etiological factors, cellular and molecular characteristics, and disease progression in cancer is appropriate. MPE does not consider cancer as a single entity, rather it integrates analyses of epidemiological studies with the macroenvironment and molecular and microenvironment. This approach allows investigating the relationships between potential etiological agents and cancer based on molecular signatures. More research is needed to fully elucidate the link between heavy alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer, and to further investigate the roles of acetaldehyde and FAEEs in pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Zakhari
- 1250 Eye Street, NW, suite 400, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
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92
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Okamura H, Abe H, Hasegawa-Baba Y, Saito K, Sekiya F, Hayashi SM, Mirokuji Y, Maruyama S, Ono A, Nakajima M, Degawa M, Ozawa S, Shibutani M, Maitani T. The Japan Flavour and Fragrance Materials Association's (JFFMA) safety assessment of acetal food flavouring substances uniquely used in Japan. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015. [PMID: 26212670 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1067927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using the procedure devised by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), we performed safety evaluations on five acetal flavouring substances uniquely used in Japan: acetaldehyde 2,3-butanediol acetal, acetoin dimethyl acetal, hexanal dibutyl acetal, hexanal glyceryl acetal and 4-methyl-2-pentanone propyleneglycol acetal. As no genotoxicity study data were available in the literature, all five substances had no chemical structural alerts predicting genotoxicity. Using Cramer's classification, acetoin dimethyl acetal and hexanal dibutyl acetal were categorised as class I, and acetaldehyde 2,3-butanediol acetal, hexanal glyceryl acetal and 4-methyl-2-pentanone propyleneglycol acetal as class III. The estimated daily intakes for all five substances were within the range of 1.45-6.53 µg/person/day using the method of maximised survey-derived intake based on the annual production data in Japan from 2001, 2005, 2008 and 2010, and 156-720 µg/person/day using the single-portion exposure technique (SPET), based on the average use levels in standard portion sizes of flavoured foods. The daily intakes of the two class I substances were below the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) - 1800 μg/person/day. The daily intakes of the three class III substances exceeded the TTC (90 μg/person/day). Two of these, acetaldehyde 2,3-butanediol acetal and hexanal glyceryl acetal, were expected to be metabolised into endogenous products after ingestion. For 4-methyl-2-pentanone propyleneglycol acetal, one of its metabolites was not expected to be metabolised into endogenous products. However, its daily intake level, based on the estimated intake calculated by the SPET method, was about 1/15 000th of the no observed effect level. It was thus concluded that all five substances raised no safety concerns when used for flavouring foods at the currently estimated intake levels. While no information on in vitro and in vivo toxicity for all five substances was available, their metabolites were judged as raising no safety concerns at the current levels of intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Okamura
- a Japan Flavour and Fragrance Materials Association (JFFMA) , Tokyo , Japan
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93
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Dorokhov YL, Shindyapina AV, Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV. Metabolic methanol: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:603-44. [PMID: 25834233 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methanol has been historically considered an exogenous product that leads only to pathological changes in the human body when consumed. However, in normal, healthy individuals, methanol and its short-lived oxidized product, formaldehyde, are naturally occurring compounds whose functions and origins have received limited attention. There are several sources of human physiological methanol. Fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages are likely the main sources of exogenous methanol in the healthy human body. Metabolic methanol may occur as a result of fermentation by gut bacteria and metabolic processes involving S-adenosyl methionine. Regardless of its source, low levels of methanol in the body are maintained by physiological and metabolic clearance mechanisms. Although human blood contains small amounts of methanol and formaldehyde, the content of these molecules increases sharply after receiving even methanol-free ethanol, indicating an endogenous source of the metabolic methanol present at low levels in the blood regulated by a cluster of genes. Recent studies of the pathogenesis of neurological disorders indicate metabolic formaldehyde as a putative causative agent. The detection of increased formaldehyde content in the blood of both neurological patients and the elderly indicates the important role of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of maintaining low levels of methanol and formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Dorokhov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Shindyapina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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94
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Liu Y, Chen H, Sun Z, Chen X. Molecular mechanisms of ethanol-associated oro-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:164-73. [PMID: 25766659 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol drinking is a major etiological factor of oro-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OESCC). Both local and systemic effects of ethanol may promote carcinogenesis, especially among chronic alcoholics. However, molecular mechanisms of ethanol-associated OESCC are still not well understood. In this review, we summarize current understandings and propose three mechanisms of ethanol-associated OESCC: (1) Disturbance of systemic metabolism of nutrients: during ethanol metabolism in the liver, systemic metabolism of retinoids, zinc, iron and methyl groups is altered. These nutrients are known to be associated with the development of OESCC. (2) Disturbance of redox metabolism in squamous epithelial cells: when ethanol is metabolized in oro-esophageal squamous epithelial cells, reactive oxygen species are generated and produce oxidative damage. Meanwhile, ethanol may also disturb fatty-acid metabolism in these cells. (3) Disturbance of signaling pathways in squamous epithelial cells: due to its physico-chemical properties, ethanol changes cell membrane fluidity and shape, and may thus impact multiple signaling pathways. Advanced molecular techniques in genomics, epigenomics, metabolomics and microbiomics will help us elucidate how ethanol promotes OESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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95
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Implications of acetaldehyde-derived DNA adducts for understanding alcohol-related carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 815:71-88. [PMID: 25427902 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09614-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Among various potential mechanisms that could explain alcohol carcinogenicity, the metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde represents an obvious possible mechanism, at least in some tissues. The fundamental principle of genotoxic carcinogenesis is the formation of mutagenic DNA adducts in proliferating cells. If not repaired, these adducts can result in mutations during DNA replication, which are passed on to cells during mitosis. Consistent with a genotoxic mechanism, acetaldehyde does react with DNA to form a variety of different types of DNA adducts. In this chapter we will focus more specifically on N2-ethylidene-deoxyguanosine (N2-ethylidene-dG), the major DNA adduct formed from the reaction of acetaldehyde with DNA and specifically highlight recent data on the measurement of this DNA adduct in the human body after alcohol exposure. Because results are of particular biological relevance for alcohol-related cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), we will also discuss the histology and cytology of the UADT, with the goal of placing the adduct data in the relevant cellular context for mechanistic interpretation. Furthermore, we will discuss the sources and concentrations of acetaldehyde and ethanol in different cell types during alcohol consumption in humans. Finally, in the last part of the chapter, we will critically evaluate the concept of carcinogenic levels of acetaldehyde, which has been raised in the literature, and discuss how data from acetaldehyde genotoxicity are and can be utilized in physiologically based models to evaluate exposure risk.
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96
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Hidaka A, Sasazuki S, Matsuo K, Ito H, Sawada N, Shimazu T, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Genetic polymorphisms of ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2, alcohol consumption, and the risk of gastric cancer: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:223-31. [PMID: 25524923 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between alcohol consumption, genetic polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and gastric cancer risk is not completely understood. We investigated the association between ADH1B (rs1229984), ADH1C (rs698) and ALDH2 (rs671) polymorphisms, alcohol consumption and the risk of gastric cancer among Japanese subjects in a population-based, nested, case-control study (1990-2004). Among 36 745 subjects who answered the baseline questionnaire and provided blood samples, 457 new gastric cancer cases matched to 457 controls were used in the analysis. The odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression models. No association was observed between alcohol consumption, ADH1B (rs1229984), ADH1C (rs698) and ALDH2 (rs671) polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk. However, considering gene-environmental interaction, ADH1C G allele carriers who drink ≥150 g/week of ethanol had a 2.5-fold increased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.05-6.17) relative to AA genotype carriers who drink 0 to <150 g/week (P for interaction = 0.02). ALDH2 A allele carriers who drink ≥150 g/week also had an increased risk (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.05-4.12) relative to GG genotype carriers who drink 0 to < 150 g/week (P for interaction = 0.08). To find the relation between alcohol consumption and gastric cancer risk, it is important to consider both alcohol consumption level and ADH1C and ALDH2 polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Hidaka
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shizuka Sasazuki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan,
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan, and
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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97
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Pandya D, Mariani M, McHugh M, Andreoli M, Sieber S, He S, Dowell-Martino C, Fiedler P, Scambia G, Ferlini C. Herpes virus microRNA expression and significance in serous ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114750. [PMID: 25485872 PMCID: PMC4259392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serous ovarian cancer (SEOC) is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs which regulate gene expression and protein translation. MiRNAs are also encoded by viruses with the intent of regulating their own genes and those of the infected cells. This is the first study assessing viral miRNAs in SEOC. MiRNAs sequencing data from 487 SEOC patients were downloaded from the TCGA website and analyzed through in-house sequencing pipeline. To cross-validate TCGA analysis, we measured the expression of miR-H25 by quantitative immunofluorescence in an additional cohort of 161 SEOC patients. Gene, miRNA expression, and cytotoxicity assay were performed on multiple ovarian cancer cell lines transfected with miR-H25 and miR-BART7. Outcome analysis was performed using multivariate Cox and Kaplan-Meier method. Viral miRNAs are more expressed in SEOC than in normal tissues. Moreover, Herpetic viral miRNAs (miR-BART7 from EBV and miR-H25 from HSV-2) are significant and predictive biomarkers of outcome in multivariate Cox analysis. MiR-BART7 correlates with resistance to first line chemotherapy and early death, whereas miR-H25 appears to impart a protective effect and long term survival. Integrated analysis of gene and viral miRNAs expression suggests that miR-BART7 induces directly cisplatin-resistance, while miR-H25 alters RNA processing and affects the expression of noxious human miRNAs such as miR-143. This is the first investigation linking viral miRNA expression to ovarian cancer outcome. Viral miRNAs can be useful to develop biomarkers for early diagnosis and as a potential therapeutic tool to reduce SEOC lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Pandya
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, United States of America
| | - Marisa Mariani
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, United States of America
| | - Mark McHugh
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, United States of America
| | - Mirko Andreoli
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, United States of America
| | - Steven Sieber
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, United States of America
| | - Shiquan He
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, United States of America
| | | | - Paul Fiedler
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Ferlini
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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98
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Nakamura J, Mutlu E, Sharma V, Collins L, Bodnar W, Yu R, Lai Y, Moeller B, Lu K, Swenberg J. The endogenous exposome. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 19:3-13. [PMID: 24767943 PMCID: PMC4097170 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concept of the Exposome is a compilation of diseases and one's lifetime exposure to chemicals, whether the exposure comes from environmental, dietary, or occupational exposures; or endogenous chemicals that are formed from normal metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, infections, and other natural metabolic processes such as alteration of the gut microbiome. In this review, we have focused on the endogenous exposome, the DNA damage that arises from the production of endogenous electrophilic molecules in our cells. It provides quantitative data on endogenous DNA damage and its relationship to mutagenesis, with emphasis on when exogenous chemical exposures that produce identical DNA adducts to those arising from normal metabolism cause significant increases in total identical DNA adducts. We have utilized stable isotope labeled chemical exposures of animals and cells, so that accurate relationships between endogenous and exogenous exposures can be determined. Advances in mass spectrometry have vastly increased both the sensitivity and accuracy of such studies. Furthermore, we have clear evidence of which sources of exposure drive low dose biology that results in mutations and disease. These data provide much needed information to impact quantitative risk assessments, in the hope of moving towards the use of science, rather than default assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakamura
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Esra Mutlu
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Vyom Sharma
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Leonard Collins
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Wanda Bodnar
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rui Yu
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yongquan Lai
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Benjamin Moeller
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - James Swenberg
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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99
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Smith C, Gasparetto M, Humphries K, Pollyea DA, Vasiliou V, Jordan CT. Aldehyde dehydrogenases in acute myeloid leukemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1310:58-68. [PMID: 24641679 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) affects approximately 15,000 persons per year in the United States and is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The treatment of AML has advanced little in the past thirty years, in part because of the biologic heterogeneity of the disease and the difficulty in targeting AML cells while sparing normal hematopoietic cells. Advances in preventing and treating AML are likely to occur once the cellular and molecular differences between leukemia and normal hematopoietic cells are better understood. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), while, in contrast, a subset of AMLs are lacking this activity. This difference may be relevant to the development of AML and may also provide a better avenue for treating this disease. In this review, we summarize what is known about the ALDHs in normal HSCs and AML and propose strategies for capitalizing on these differences in the treatment of acute leukemia, and possibly other cancers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay Smith
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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100
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Lee WT, Huang CC, Chen KC, Wong TY, Ou CY, Tsai ST, Yen CJ, Fang SY, Lo HI, Wu YH, Hsueh WT, Yang MW, Lin FC, Hsiao JR, Huang JS, Chang JY, Chang KY, Wu SY, Lin CL, Wang YH, Weng YL, Yang HC, Chang JS. Genetic polymorphisms in the prostaglandin pathway genes and risk of head and neck cancer. Oral Dis 2014; 21:207-15. [PMID: 24724948 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies examining the association between genetic variations in prostaglandin pathway and risk of head and neck cancer (HNC) have only included polymorphisms in the PTGS2 (COX2) gene. This study investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms of six prostaglandin pathway genes (PGDS, PTGDS, PTGES, PTGIS, PTGS1 and PTGS2), and risk of HNC. METHODS Interviews regarding the consumption of alcohol, betel quid, and cigarette were conducted with 222 HNC cases and 214 controls. Genotyping was performed for 48 tag and functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). RESULTS Two tag SNPs of PTGIS showed a significant association with HNC risk [rs522962: log-additive odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.99 and dominant OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.02-2.47; rs6125671: log-additive OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.08-2.05 and dominant OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.16-3.32]. In addition, a region in PTGIS tagged by rs927068 and rs6019902 was significantly associated with risk of HNC (global P = 0.007). Finally, several SNPs interacted with betel quid and cigarette to influence the risk of HNC. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variations in prostaglandin pathway genes are associated with risk of HNC and may modify the relationship between use of betel quid or cigarette and development of HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-T Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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