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The human microbiome encodes resistance to the antidiabetic drug acarbose. Nature 2021; 600:110-115. [PMID: 34819672 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome encodes a large repertoire of biochemical enzymes and pathways, most of which remain uncharacterized. Here, using a metagenomics-based search strategy, we discovered that bacterial members of the human gut and oral microbiome encode enzymes that selectively phosphorylate a clinically used antidiabetic drug, acarbose1,2, resulting in its inactivation. Acarbose is an inhibitor of both human and bacterial α-glucosidases3, limiting the ability of the target organism to metabolize complex carbohydrates. Using biochemical assays, X-ray crystallography and metagenomic analyses, we show that microbiome-derived acarbose kinases are specific for acarbose, provide their harbouring organism with a protective advantage against the activity of acarbose, and are widespread in the microbiomes of western and non-western human populations. These results provide an example of widespread microbiome resistance to a non-antibiotic drug, and suggest that acarbose resistance has disseminated in the human microbiome as a defensive strategy against a potential endogenous producer of a closely related molecule.
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Huang PJ, Wei JCC, Liu YT, Lin CH, Lin CC, Chen HH. Association between α-glucosidase inhibitor use and psoriatic disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14819. [PMID: 34490702 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association between the use of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) and the risk of psoriatic disease (ie, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with metformin. METHODS Using the 1999-2013 Taiwanese Longitudinal Cohort of Diabetes Patients Database, we identified patients with T2DM who initiated hypoglycaemic treatment between 2003 and 2012. After excluding patients with a history of psoriatic disease (International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 696.0-1) before T2DM diagnosis, patients who received antidiabetic treatment for <90 days, and patients aged <20 or >100 years, we identified 1390 patients who received metformin+AGIs (AGI exposure group) and 47 514 patients who received metformin only (comparison group). We matched the two groups at a 1:10 ratio by age, sex, and index date of T2DM drug use. The association between AGI use and psoriatic disease risk was analysed using a Cox proportional hazard mode; time-dependent covariates for factors were reported in terms of hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after age, sex, T2DM duration, and comorbidities were controlled for. RESULTS After adjusting the AGI exposure and comparison groups for potential confounders, we found that psoriatic disease risk was associated with metformin+AGI use when AGI was discontinued for 30 days (HR, 8.77; 95% CI, 1.58-48.5) and when a high AGI dose was administered; furthermore, the risk declined during AGI discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS This population-based study reports that AGI use and interruption of AGI use may be associated with increased psoriatic disease risk in treated patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Huang
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tze Liu
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Holistic Wellness, Mingdao University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Eawsakul K, Panichayupakaranant P, Ongtanasup T, Warinhomhoun S, Noonong K, Bunluepuech K. Computational study and in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effects of medicinal plants from a Thai folk remedy. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08078. [PMID: 34632145 PMCID: PMC8488491 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased worldwide. Although an instant cure was achieved with the standard treatment acabose, unsatisfactory symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease after acabose administration have been reported. Therefore, it is important to explore new treatments. A Thai folk recipe has long been used for T2DM treatment, and it effectively decreases blood glucose. However, the mechanism of this recipe has never been proven. Therefore, the potential anti-T2DM effect of this recipe, which is used in Thai hospitals, was determined to involve alpha-glucosidase (AG) inhibition with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). In vitro experiments showed that crude Cinnamomum verum extract (IC50 = 0.35 ± 0.12 mg/mL) offered excellent inhibitory activity, followed by extracts from Tinospora crispa (IC50 = 0.69 ± 0.39 mg/mL), Stephania suberosa (IC50 = 1.50 ± 0.17 mg/mL), Andrographis paniculate (IC50 = 1.78 ± 0.35 mg/mL), and Thunbergia laurifolia (IC50 = 4.66 ± 0.27 mg/mL). However, the potencies of these extracts were lower than that of acabose (IC50 = 0.55 ± 0.11 mg/mL). Therefore, this study investigated and developed a formulation of this recipe using computational docking. Among 61 compounds, 7 effectively inhibited AG, including chlorogenic acid (IC50 = 819.07 pM) through 5 hydrogen bonds (HBs) and 2 hydrophobic interactions (HIs); β-sitosterol (IC50 = 4.46 nM, 6 HIs); ergosterol peroxide (IC50 = 4.18 nM, 6 HIs); borapetoside D (IC50 = 508.63 pM, 7 HBs and 2 HIs); borapetoside A (IC50 = 1.09 nM, 2 HBs and 2 His), stephasubimine (IC50 = 285.37 pM, 6 HIs); and stephasubine (IC50 = 1.09 nM, 3 HBs and 4 HIs). These compounds bind with high affinity to different binding pockets, leading to additive effects. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics of six of these seven compounds (except ergosterol peroxide) showed poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, which would allow for competitive binding to AG in the small intestine. These results indicate that the development of these 6 compounds into oral antidiabetic agents is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komgrit Eawsakul
- School of Medicine, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Tassanee Ongtanasup
- School of Medicine, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Sakan Warinhomhoun
- School of Medicine, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | | | - Kingkan Bunluepuech
- School of Medicine, Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
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Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5110276. [PMID: 34447287 PMCID: PMC8384524 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolites and bacterial components of gut microbiota affect the initiation and progression of T2DM by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid, imidazole propionate, branched-chain amino acids, and lipopolysaccharide are the main molecules related to T2DM. Many studies have investigated the role of gut microbiota in T2DM, particularly those butyrate-producing bacteria. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic capsules are useful strategies in preventing diabetes. In this review, we aim to elucidate the complex association between gut microbiota and T2DM inflammation, metabolism, and immune disorders, the underlying mechanisms, and translational applications of gut microbiota. This review will provide novel insight into developing individualized therapy for T2DM patients based on gut microbiota immunometabolism.
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Song X, Wang W, Ding S, Liu X, Wang Y, Ma H. Puerarin ameliorates depression-like behaviors of with chronic unpredictable mild stress mice by remodeling their gut microbiota. J Affect Disord 2021; 290:353-363. [PMID: 34049088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puerarin is an isoflavone derivative isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Pueraria Lobelia, which has proven to relieve depression-like behavior. However, its underlying antidepressant mechanisms have been poorly characterized. Herein, we explored whether Puerarin's antidepressant effect is associated with changes in the gut microbiota (GM). METHODS The model of depression in mice featuring chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was eastablished, and its antidepressant effect was estimated by sugar water preference and forced swimming test. Genomic DNA extracted from fecal samples was employed to sequence the 16S rRNA gene for gut microbiota identification. RESULTS Puerarin (100 mg/kg) treatment was found to alleviate the CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors. Furthermore, chronic stress led to pathological microbial flora, which was principally marked by the increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Proteobacteria, Flexispira, Desulfovibrio) and the decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria (Firmicutes, Bacillales, Lactobacillus). Intriguingly, puerarin treatment reversed these changes. LIMITATIONS The specific role and anti-depression mechanism of characteristic gut microflora were not confirmed. CONCLUSION Puerarin can remedy stress-induced disruptions of normal gut microflora. It is suggested that the antidepressant mechanism of puerarin may closely interact with restoring beneficial microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujiao Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Weihao Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Shanshan Ding
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Hao Ma
- School of Aesthetic Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China.
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Du X, Liu J, Xue Y, Kong X, Lv C, Li Z, Huang Y, Wang B. Alteration of gut microbial profile in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Endocrine 2021; 73:71-84. [PMID: 33905112 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Investigations show that 30-40% of patients with diabetes develop diabetic nephropathy (DN). The gut microbiome has become lively field research in diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. The gut microbial profile in DN (stage-3 or 4) patients and healthy controls were systematically analyzed, the discrepancies on microbial profiles in different disease stages, gender, and BMI in DN were also described. METHODS Fecal samples from 37 healthy volunteers (HG) and 43 DN patients (PG) were recruited to gut microbiota 16S rDNA V3-V4 regions analysis. In consideration of disease stage, gender, and BMI, PG, and HG were further divided into three subgroups. To predict the DN stage, a random forest model was carried out, using the most discrepant genera selected from the PG and HG samples. RESULTS Gut bacterial richness and diversity in PG were far less than HG. The gut microbiota composition in PG-III was at the middle level between HG and PG-IV. The gender and BMI had some impact on the gut microbiota profile but the major difference still came from the disease. The random forest model was constructed from 25 most discrepant microbe genera. The area under curve (AUC) of receiving operational curve (ROC) was 0.972, indicated a high discriminatory power to predict DN. CONCLUSIONS DN patients showed dysbiosis and a decrease in gut bacterial richness and diversity compared with HG. Several characterized genera like Megasphaera, Veillonella, Escherichia-Shigella, Anaerostipes, and Haemophilus might be the new potential microbial biomarkers of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Du
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Hebei District, 300250, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Hebei District, 300250, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yu Xue
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai District, 301617, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiangyun Kong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai District, 301617, Tianjin, PR China
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM Hebei, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Lv
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Hebei District, 300250, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ziqiang Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Hebei District, 300250, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Hebei District, 300250, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Baohe Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Hebei District, 300250, Tianjin, PR China.
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Zhang X, Han Y, Huang W, Jin M, Gao Z. The influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of oral drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1789-1812. [PMID: 34386321 PMCID: PMC8343123 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its safety, convenience, low cost and good compliance, oral administration attracts lots of attention. However, the efficacy of many oral drugs is limited to their unsatisfactory bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. One of the critical and most overlooked factors is the symbiotic gut microbiota that can modulate the bioavailability of oral drugs by participating in the biotransformation of oral drugs, influencing the drug transport process and altering some gastrointestinal properties. In this review, we summarized the existing research investigating the possible relationship between the gut microbiota and the bioavailability of oral drugs, which may provide great ideas and useful instructions for the design of novel drug delivery systems or the achievement of personalized medicine.
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Key Words
- 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid
- AA, ascorbic acid
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- ACS, amphipathic chitosan derivative
- AMI, amiodarone
- AQP4, aquaporin 4
- AR, azoreductase
- ASP, amisulpride
- BBR, berberine
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system
- BDDCS, the biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system
- BDEPT, the bacteria-directed enzyme prodrug therapy
- BSH, bile salt hydrolase
- Bioavailability
- CA, cholic acid
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CPP, cell-penetrating peptide
- CS, chitosan
- Colon-specific drug delivery system
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- DRPs, digoxin reduction products
- EcN, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917
- FA, folate
- FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- GCDC, glycochenodeoxycholate
- GL, glycyrrhizic acid
- Gut microbiota
- HFD, high fat diet
- HTC, hematocrit
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MATEs, multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins
- MDR1, multidrug resistance gene 1
- MDR1a, multidrug resistance protein-1a
- MKC, monoketocholic acid
- MPA, mycophenolic acid
- MRP2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
- NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis
- NMEs, new molecular entities
- NRs, nitroreductases
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- NaDC, sodium deoxycholate
- NaGC, sodium glycholate
- OATs, organic anion transporters
- OCTNs, organic zwitterion/cation
- OCTs, organic cation transporters
- Oral drugs
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PPIs, proton pump inhibitors
- PT, pectin
- PWSDs, poorly water-soluble drugs
- Probiotics
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RBC, red blood cell
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SGLT-1, sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1
- SLC, solute carrier
- SLN, solid lipid nanoparticle
- SP, sulfapyridine
- SSZ, sulfasalazine
- SVCT-1/2, the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-1/2
- T1D, type 1 diabetes
- T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TCA, taurocholate
- TCDC, taurochenodeoxycholate
- TDCA, taurodeoxycholate
- TLCA, taurolithocholate
- TME, the tumor microenvironment
- UDC, ursodeoxycholic acid
- WHO, World Health Organization
- an OTC drug, an over-the-counter drug
- cgr operon, cardiac glycoside reductase operon
- dhBBR, dihydroberberine
- pKa, dissociation constant
- the GI tract, the gastrointestinal tract
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Kim D, Yu J, Wang EK, Lee S, Kim JS, Hwang J, Ku CR, Cho YH, Lee EJ. Potential of an Enzyme Mixture of Glucose Oxidase, Glucosyl Transferase, and Fructosyl Transferase as an Antidiabetic Medicine. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070745. [PMID: 34203399 PMCID: PMC8301424 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An enzyme mixture (EM) of glucose oxidase, glucosyl transferase, and fructosyl transferase can regulate glucose absorption into the body by converting carbohydrates in food to indigestible oligosaccharides. We evaluated the antidiabetic effects of repeated oral administration of EM in db/db mice. Seven-week-old db/db mice were divided into control, voglibose, and EM groups. Drugs were administered orally mixed with limited feed for one month. Glucose levels were measured every week. A meal tolerance test was conducted after overnight fasting, before the mice were sacrificed. There were no differences in body weight or food intake between the groups. EM treatment reduced blood glucose levels compared with those in the control group. Blood glucose levels during the meal tolerance test were significantly lower in the EM group than those in the control group. A significant decrease in triglyceride level and a tendency for decreased low-density lipoprotein were observed in the EM group compared with in the control group. The Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio was higher in the EM group than that in the control group. EM may be useful for people at risk of hyperglycemia or diabetes who need to safely regulate their blood glucose levels. EM may also improve lipid and gut microbiota profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daham Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.K.); (J.Y.); (E.K.W.); (J.H.); (C.R.K.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Juyeon Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.K.); (J.Y.); (E.K.W.); (J.H.); (C.R.K.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Eun Kyung Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.K.); (J.Y.); (E.K.W.); (J.H.); (C.R.K.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | | | - Jihwan Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.K.); (J.Y.); (E.K.W.); (J.H.); (C.R.K.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Cheol Ryong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.K.); (J.Y.); (E.K.W.); (J.H.); (C.R.K.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.K.); (J.Y.); (E.K.W.); (J.H.); (C.R.K.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.K.); (J.Y.); (E.K.W.); (J.H.); (C.R.K.); (Y.H.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Habitual Dietary Intake Affects the Altered Pattern of Gut Microbiome by Acarbose in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062107. [PMID: 34205413 PMCID: PMC8235473 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to reveal the characteristics of gut microbiome altered by acarbose intervention in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its possible association with habitual dietary intake. Eighteen patients with T2D were administered acarbose for four weeks. The abundances of two major phyla, namely Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, were reciprocally changed accompanied by the acarbose intervention. There were also significant changes in the abundances of ten genera, including the greater abundance of Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, and Lactobacillus and the lower abundance of Bacteroides in the group after the intervention than that before the intervention. Hierarchical clustering of habitual dietary intake was performed based on the pattern of changes in the gut microbiota and were classified into distinct three clusters. Cluster I consisted of sucrose, cluster II mainly included fat intake, and cluster III mainly included carbohydrate intake. Moreover, the amount of change in Faecalibacterium was positively correlated with the intake of rice, but negatively correlated with the intake of bread. The intake of potato was negatively correlated with the amount of change in Akkermansia and Subdoligranulum. Acarbose altered the composition of gut microbiome in Japanese patients with T2D, which might be linked to the habitual dietary intake.
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Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism: From Proof of Concept to Therapeutic Intervention. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061302. [PMID: 34203876 PMCID: PMC8232674 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of the gut microbiota is still a relatively young science area, yet many studies have already highlighted the translational potential of microbiome research in the context of human health and disease. However, like in many new fields, discoveries are occurring at a fast pace and have provided new hope for the development of novel clinical applications in many different medical conditions, not in the least in metabolic disorders. This rapid progress has left the field vulnerable to premature claims, misconceptions and criticism, both from within and outside the sector. Tackling these issues requires a broad collaborative effort within the research field and is only possible by acknowledging the difficulties and challenges that are faced and that are currently hindering clinical implementation. These issues include: the primarily descriptive nature of evidence, methodological concerns, disagreements in analysis techniques, lack of causality, and a rather limited molecular-based understanding of underlying mechanisms. In this review, we discuss various studies and models that helped identifying the microbiota as an attractive tool or target for developing various translational applications. We also discuss some of the limitations and try to clarify some common misconceptions that are still prevalent in the field.
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Kato S, Sato T, Fujita H, Kawatani M, Yamada Y. Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist on changes in the gut bacterium and the underlying mechanisms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9167. [PMID: 33911125 PMCID: PMC8080802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between the gut microbiota and metabolic disorders. In this study, acute administration of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) liraglutide to mice increased the cecal levels of caseinolytic protease B, a component of Escherichia coli, and of norepinephrine. Chemical sympathectomy blocked these events. Norepinephrine was found to pass into the intestinal lumen in vitro. c-Fos staining of the intermediolateral nucleus was identified as indirect evidence of sympathetic nervous system activation of the intestinal tract by GLP-1RA. Under normal conditions, the increase in E. coli did not affect the host. However, in mice with colitis, bacterial translocation was observed with attenuation of tight junction gene expression. This is the first study to investigate the unique underlying mechanisms related the effects of GLP-1RA on changes in the gut bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kato
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sato
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujita
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawatani
- Departments of Neurophysiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 2-1-7 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka, Japan.
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Al-Jameel SS. Association of diabetes and microbiota: An update. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4446-4454. [PMID: 34354429 PMCID: PMC8324937 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is an emerging health condition globally and is suggested to have a direct connection with the gut microbiota that determine our metabolic outcomes. Sensitivity to insulin and glucose metabolism is normal in healthy people as compared to those people who cannot maintain their glucose metabolism. One of the reasons of the differences is that healthy people have different microbiome that leads to achieve more short chain fatty acids and make up more branched amino acids, while the gut microbiota of the other group of people are more likely to produce compounds that affects glucose metabolism. Herein, this review will present the research related to the impact of gut microbes on diabetes carried out in the past decade. The review focus on the relation between gut microbiota and Type-1 Diabetes (T1D), Type-2 Diabetes (T2D), and how gut microbiota could be an alternative therapy for treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhailah S Al-Jameel
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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63
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Huda MN, Kim M, Bennett BJ. Modulating the Microbiota as a Therapeutic Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:632335. [PMID: 33897618 PMCID: PMC8060771 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.632335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggested that the gut microbiota has a significant role in the metabolism and disease status of the host. In particular, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), which has a complex etiology that includes obesity and chronic low-grade inflammation, is modulated by the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. Current literature supports that unbalanced gut microbial composition (dysbiosis) is a risk factor for T2D. In this review, we critically summarize the recent findings regarding the role of gut microbiota in T2D. Beyond these associative studies, we focus on the causal relationship between microbiota and T2D established using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or probiotic supplementation, and the potential underlying mechanisms such as byproducts of microbial metabolism. These microbial metabolites are small molecules that establish communication between microbiota and host cells. We critically summarize the associations between T2D and microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO). Additionally, we comment on how host genetic architecture and the epigenome influence the microbial composition and thus how the gut microbiota may explain part of the missing heritability of T2D found by GWAS analysis. We also discuss future directions in this field and how approaches such as FMT, prebiotics, and probiotics supplementation are being considered as potential therapeutics for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nazmul Huda
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brian J. Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
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Wang L, Yu X, Xu X, Ming J, Wang Z, Gao B, Xing Y, Zhou J, Fu J, Liu T, Liu X, Garstka MA, Wang X, Ji Q. The Fecal Microbiota Is Already Altered in Normoglycemic Individuals Who Go on to Have Type 2 Diabetes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:598672. [PMID: 33680988 PMCID: PMC7930378 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.598672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mounting evidence has suggested a link between gut microbiome characteristics and type 2 diabetes (T2D). To determine whether these alterations occur before the impairment of glucose regulation, we characterize gut microbiota in normoglycemic individuals who go on to develop T2D. Methods We designed a nested case-control study, and enrolled individuals with a similar living environment. A total of 341 normoglycemic individuals were followed for 4 years, including 30 who developed T2D, 33 who developed prediabetes, and their matched controls. Fecal samples (developed T2D, developed prediabetes and controls: n=30, 33, and 63, respectively) collected at baseline underwent metagenomics sequencing. Results Compared with matched controls, individuals who went on to develop T2D had lower abundances of Bifidobacterium longum, Coprobacillus unclassified, and Veillonella dispar and higher abundances of Roseburia hominis, Porphyromonas bennonis, and Paraprevotella unclassified. The abundance of Bifidobacterium longum was negatively correlated with follow-up blood glucose levels. Moreover, the microbial Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, methane metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and membrane transport were changed between the two groups. Conclusions We found that fecal microbiota of healthy individuals who go on to develop T2D had already changed when they still were normoglycemic. These alterations of fecal microbiota might provide insights into the development of T2D and a new perspective for identifying individuals at risk of developing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinwen Yu
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aimigene Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Ming
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aimigene Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Xing
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianfang Fu
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Malgorzata A Garstka
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaokai Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aimigene Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Endocrinology Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Microbiome modulation to correct uremic toxins and to preserve kidney functions. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2021; 29:49-56. [PMID: 31725010 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The association between dysbiosis and CKD is well established. This review focuses on the current understanding of microbiome, in normal individuals and CKD patients, in order to hypothesize how to correct uremic toxins levels and preserve the renal function and reduce associated comorbidities. Here we discuss our current opinion on microbiome modulation in order to manage the CKD-associated dysbiosis. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence confirms the role of gut microbiome in the progression of CKD. In this scenario, the need is felt to set up multifaceted approaches for dysbiosis management. Among many strategies able to improve gut wellness, a crucial approach is represented by the functional nutrition. At the same time, drug-based treatments show significant results in microbiome modulation. Furthermore, we examine here the potentialities of fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) in CKD, an approach currently applied in Clostridium difficile infection. SUMMARY The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of CKD. The vicious cycle triggered by kidney function decline leads to gut dysbiosis. Considering the gut microbiome as a therapeutic target in CKD, multiple approaches aimed at its modulation should be envisioned to preserve kidney function. Dietary interventions and pharmacological strategies are able to improve microbiome dysbiosis, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Additionally, FMT could represent a promising novel therapy in the management of CKD-associated dysbiosis.
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Balvers M, van den Born BJH, Levin E, Nieuwdorp M. Impact drugs targeting cardiometabolic risk on the gut microbiota. Curr Opin Lipidol 2021; 32:38-54. [PMID: 33332920 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Alterations in the gut microbiome composition or function are associated with risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Based on recent evidence that also oral medications used to treat these conditions could alter the gut microbiome composition and function and, vice versa, that the gut microbiome could affect the efficacy of these treatments, we reviewed the literature on these observed interactions. RECENT FINDINGS While the interaction of metformin with the gut microbiome has been studied most, other drugs that target cardiometabolic risk are gaining attention and often showed associations with alterations in microbiome-related features, including alterations in specific microbial taxa or pathways, microbiome composition or microbiome-derived metabolites, while the gut microbiome was also involved in drug metabolism and drug efficacy. As for metformin, for some of them even a potential therapeutic effect via the gut microbiome is postulated. However, exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated. SUMMARY There is growing interest in clarifying the interactions between the gut microbiome and drugs to treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia as well as the first pass effect of microbiome on drug efficacy. While mostly analysed in animal models, also human studies are gaining more and more traction. Improving the understanding of the gut microbiome drug interaction can provide clinical directions for therapy by optimizing drug efficacy or providing new targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Balvers
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- Horaizon BV, Delft
| | - Bert-Jan H van den Born
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- Horaizon BV, Delft
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
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Li J, Li J, Shan Z, Yang W, Liu J, Tian H, Zhou Z, Ji Q, Weng J, Jia W, Lu J, Liu J, Xu Y, Yang Z. Gender-differential effects on blood glucose levels between acarbose and metformin in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a sub-analysis of the MARCH trial. Endocr J 2021; 68:69-79. [PMID: 32908086 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the data from the trial of Metformin and AcaRbose in Chinese as the initial Hypoglycemic treatment (MARCH), this study was performed to compare the differential effects of acarbose and metformin on glucose metabolism after stratification by gender. Six hundred and forty patients who had finished the whole 48-week follow-up were included. The reduction of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was comparable between acarbose- and metformin-treated patients among either females or males, and it was also similar between males and females treated with either acarbose or metformin for 24 and 48 weeks. The dropping of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in acarbose-treated females was significantly less than that in metformin-treated females at both 24 and 48 weeks. Furthermore, the decrease of 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPPG) in acarbose-treated males was significantly greater than that in metformin-treated males at both 24 and 48 weeks. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that drug selection was an independent factor affecting the decrease of FPG in female patients while it independently influenced 2hPPG in males at week 24 and 48. The reductions of FPG and 2hPPG at week 24 and 48 were also significantly different between metformin-treated females and metformin-treated males although gender was not an independent regulating factor. Our study indicates that there might be gender-differential effects on FPG and 2hPPG reduction when the comparisons are made between acarbose and metformin treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- The Third People's Hospital of Dalian (Dalian Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University), Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Wenying Yang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Haoming Tian
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610211, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 210009, China
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 400039, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201303, China
| | - Juming Lu
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhaojun Yang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
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Sugama J, Moritoh Y, Yashiro H, Tsuchimori K, Watanabe M. Enteropeptidase inhibition improves obesity by modulating gut microbiota composition and enterobacterial metabolites in diet-induced obese mice. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105337. [PMID: 33276106 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Enteropeptidase is a transmembrane serine protease localized in the lumen of the duodenum that acts as a key enzyme for protein digestion. SCO-792 is an orally available enteropeptidase inhibitor that has been reported to have therapeutic effects on obesity and diabetes in mice. However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of SCO-792 has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the role of gut microbiota on SCO-792-induced body weight (BW) reduction in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Chronic administration of SCO-792 substantially decreased BW and food intake in DIO mice. While the pair-fed study uncovered food intake-independent mechanisms of BW reduction by SCO-792. Interestingly, antibiotics-induced microbiota elimination in the gut canceled SCO-792-induced BW reduction by nearly half without affecting the anorectic effect, indicating the involvement of gut microbiota in the anti-obesity mechanism that is independent of food intake reduction. Microbiome analysis revealed that SCO-792 altered the gut microbiota composition in DIO mice. Notably, it was found that the abundance of Firmicutes decreased while that of Verrucomicrobia increased at the phylum level. Increased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium known to be useful for host metabolism, was observed in SCO-792-treated mice. Fecal metabolome analysis revealed increased amino acid levels, indicating gut enteropeptidase inhibition. In addition, SCO-792 was found to increase the level of short-chain fatty acids, including propionate, and bile acids in the feces, which all help maintain gut health and improve metabolism. Furthermore, it was found that SCO-792 induced the elevation of colonic immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration, which may maintain the microbiota condition, in DIO mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the contribution of microbiota to SCO-792-induced BW reduction. Enteropeptidase-mediated regulation of microbiota, enterobacterial metabolites, and IgA in the gut may coordinately drive the therapeutic effects of SCO-792 in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sugama
- Research and Development Division, SCOHIA PHARMA Inc., Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Moritoh
- Research and Development Division, SCOHIA PHARMA Inc., Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Yashiro
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazue Tsuchimori
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Watanabe
- Research and Development Division, SCOHIA PHARMA Inc., Kanagawa, Japan.
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Wang X, Xu T, Liu R, Wu G, Gu L, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Fu H, Ling Y, Wei X, Luo Y, Shen J, Zhao L, Peng Y, Zhang C, Ding X. High-Fiber Diet or Combined With Acarbose Alleviates Heterogeneous Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Regulating Gut Microbiota. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:806331. [PMID: 35185786 PMCID: PMC8847200 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.806331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with high heterogeneity of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); however, studies about gut microbiota targeted clinical intervention in PCOS are limited. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-fiber diet or combined with acarbose on the clinical phenotypes of PCOS, focusing on the possible influence of gut microbiota in this process. METHODS Twenty-five patients with PCOS were recruited and randomly divided into two groups, W group (n = 14) received the WTP diet (a high-fiber diet composed of whole grains, traditional Chinese medicinal foods, and prebiotics), and A group (n = 11) received the WTP diet combined with acarbose. The follow-up time was 12 weeks. The sex hormonal and glycolipid metabolic parameters, inflammatory factors, brain-gut peptides, and alteration of gut microbiota were evaluated. RESULTS The PCOS clinical phenotypes, inflammatory state, and brain-gut peptides secretion were all alleviated in both groups, while the hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and brain-gut peptides secretion were better improved in the A group. Alpha and beta diversities were altered more significantly in the A group. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were clustered into 14 co-abundant groups (CAGs) as potential functional groups that may respond to the intervention. The CAGs predominantly comprised of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were more enriched, while the CAGs predominantly comprised of Bacteroides vulgatus, Alistipes, Blautia, Lachnospira, and Roseburia were more inhibited in the A group than in W group. Moreover, the CAGs enriched in the A group had a stronger negative correlation with the luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, testosterone, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), α-1-acid glycoprotein (α-AGP), and leptin, and positive correlation with adiponectin and spexin, while the CAGs inhibited showed an opposite trend. CONCLUSIONS High-fiber diet could alleviate the chronic metabolic inflammation, reproductive function, and brain-gut peptides secretion of patients with PCOS, and high-fiber diet combined with acarbose could better improve the PCOS clinical phenotypes. The remodeling of gut microbiota by our intervention may play an important role in these improvements. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4500, ChiCTR-TRC-14005075.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Liping Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunchen Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hu R, Yuan Y, Liu C, Zhou J, Ji L, Jiang G. New insights into the links between anti-diabetes drugs and gut microbiota. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R36-R42. [PMID: 33338029 PMCID: PMC7923145 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the intestinal flora is out of balance and accompanied by leaky gut. The flora is characterized by an increase in mucus-degrading bacteria and a decrease in fiber-degrading bacteria. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as the major fiber-degrading bacteria fermentation, not only ameliorate the leaky gut, but also activate GPR43 to increase the mass of functional pancreatic β-cells and exert anti-inflammation effect. At present, the gut microbiota is considered as the potential target for anti-diabetes drugs, and how to reverse the imbalance of gut microbiota has become a therapeutic strategy for T2DM. This review briefly summarizes the drugs or compounds that have direct or potential therapeutic effects on T2DM by modulating the gut microbiota, including biguanides, isoquinoline alkaloids, stilbene and C7N-aminocyclic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Hu
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanting Yuan
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaolong Liu
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixia Ji
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to L Ji or G Jiang : or
| | - Guohui Jiang
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to L Ji or G Jiang : or
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Moskalev A, Stambler I, Caruso C. Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Aging and Longevity: The Foundation of Resilience. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1363-1373. [PMID: 33269094 PMCID: PMC7673842 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interrelation of the processes of immunity and senescence now receives an unprecedented emphasis during the COVID-19 pandemic, which brings to the fore the critical need to combat immunosenescence and improve the immune function and resilience of older persons. Here we review the historical origins and the current state of the science of innate and adaptive immunity in aging and longevity. From the modern point of view, innate and adaptive immunity are not only affected by aging but also are important parts of its underlying mechanisms. Excessive levels or activity of antimicrobial peptides, C-reactive protein, complement system, TLR/NF-κB, cGAS/STING/IFN 1,3 and AGEs/RAGE pathways, myeloid cells and NLRP3 inflammasome, declined levels of NK cells in innate immunity, thymus involution and decreased amount of naive T-cells in adaptive immunity, are biomarkers of aging and predisposition factors for cellular senescence and aging-related pathologies. Long-living species, human centenarians, and women are characterized by less inflamm-aging and decelerated immunosenescence. Despite recent progress in understanding, the harmonious theory of immunosenescence is still developing. Geroprotectors targeting these mechanisms are just emerging and are comprehensively discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology of FRC of Komi Scientific Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia.
| | - Ilia Stambler
- Vetek (Seniority), The Movement for Longevity and Quality of Life, Israel.
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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72
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Li J, Lu H, Wu H, Huang S, Chen L, Gui Q, Zhou W, Yang Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Yang Y. Periodontitis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: impact on gut microbiota and systemic inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25956-25980. [PMID: 33234730 PMCID: PMC7803515 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit considerable periodontitis frequency, which causes tooth loss and poor quality of life. To investigate the impact of periodontitis on gut microbiota, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the composition and structure of gut microbiota among elderly patients with T2DM and periodontitis (T2DM_P), elderly patients with T2DM alone (T2DM_NP), and healthy volunteers. We identified 34 key gut microbiota markers that distinguished participants with different periodontal conditions and investigated their connections to other gut bacteria, as well as their clinical correlates. The most striking differences in co-occurrence networks between the T2DM_P and T2DM_NP groups comprised interactions involving dominant genera in the oral cavity (i.e., Streptococcus and Veillonella). Of the 34 identified key gut microbiota markers that distinguished participants with different periodontal conditions, 25 taxa were correlated with duration of diabetes, dry mouth or the peripheral levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-17, and interleukin-6) and metabolic parameters (e.g., hemoglobin A1c), respectively. Our findings suggest that gut microbial shifts driven by periodontitis may contribute to systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction during the progression of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyou Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shunmei Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lufang Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qifeng Gui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yichen Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunmei Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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73
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Shi Z, Zhu Y, Teng C, Yao Y, Ren G, Richel A. Anti-obesity effects of α-amylase inhibitor enriched-extract from white common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) associated with the modulation of gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:1624-1634. [PMID: 32022058 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01813a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
α-Amylase inhibitors (α-AI) have great potential to treat obesity. In this study, an α-AI enriched extract (α-AIE) with a specific activity of 1027.1 ± 154.2 (U per mg protein) was prepared from white common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds. Its anti-obesity effect and gut microbiota modulation properties were verified in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. The intake of the α-AIE significantly reduced body weight gain and improved serum lipid levels (p < 0.05). In addition, rats fed the α-AIE diet exhibited higher total short-chain fatty-acid (SCFA) concentrations (p < 0.05) in their colonic contents. β-Diversity analysis, principal component analysis and a Venn diagram showed that α-AIE administration changed the gut microbiota composition. At the phylum level, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria decreased and the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia increased. In addition, 89 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) significantly responding to the high-fat diet and 30 OTUs significantly responding to the α-AIE were identified. The OTUs enriched by the α-AIE were mainly assigned to putative SCFA-producing bacteria, including Bacteroides, Butyricoccus, Blautia and Eubacterium. Twenty-two OTUs were found to be significantly correlated with obesity indexes. Taken together, the present results suggest that the intake of the α-AIE attenuated obesity and modulated gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Shi
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
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74
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Van Hul M, Le Roy T, Prifti E, Dao MC, Paquot A, Zucker JD, Delzenne NM, Muccioli GG, Clément K, Cani PD. From correlation to causality: the case of Subdoligranulum. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-13. [PMID: 33323004 PMCID: PMC7744154 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1849998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes are considered as major factors contributing to human health. Nowadays, the vast majority of the data available in the literature are mostly exhibiting negative or positive correlations between specific bacteria and metabolic parameters. From these observations, putative detrimental or beneficial effects are then inferred. Akkermansia muciniphila is one of the unique examples for which the correlations with health benefits have been causally validated in vivo in rodents and humans. In this study, based on available metagenomic data in overweight/obese population and clinical variables that we obtained from two cohorts of individuals (n = 108) we identified several metagenomic species (MGS) strongly associated with A. muciniphila with one standing out: Subdoligranulum. By analyzing both qPCR and shotgun metagenomic data, we discovered that the abundance of Subdoligranulum was correlated positively with microbial richness and HDL-cholesterol levels and negatively correlated with fat mass, adipocyte diameter, insulin resistance, levels of leptin, insulin, CRP, and IL6 in humans. Therefore, to further explore whether these strong correlations could be translated into causation, we investigated the effects of the unique cultivated strain of Subdoligranulum (Subdoligranulum variabile DSM 15176 T) in obese and diabetic mice as a proof-of-concept. Strikingly, there were no significant difference in any of the hallmarks of obesity and diabetes measured (e.g., body weight gain, fat mass gain, glucose tolerance, liver weight, plasma lipids) at the end of the 8 weeks of treatment. Therefore, the absence of effect following the supplementation with S. variabile indicates that increasing the intestinal abundance of this bacterium is not translated into beneficial effects in mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated that despite the fact that numerous strong correlations exist between a given bacteria and health, proof-of-concept experiments are required to be further validated or not in vivo. Hence, an urgent need for causality studies is warranted to move from human observations to preclinical validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tiphaine Le Roy
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edi Prifti
- Institut de Recherche et Developpement, IRD, Sorbonne Unive.rsity, UMMISCO, Bondy, France,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (Nutriomics) Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Maria Carlota Dao
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (Nutriomics) Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Daniel Zucker
- Institut de Recherche et Developpement, IRD, Sorbonne Unive.rsity, UMMISCO, Bondy, France,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (Nutriomics) Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (Nutriomics) Research Unit, Paris, France,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, CRNH Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,CONTACT Patrice D. Cani UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, LDRI, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, BrusselsB-1200, Belgium
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75
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Ding QY, Tian JX, Li M, Lian FM, Zhao LH, Wei XX, Han L, Zheng YJ, Gao ZZ, Yang HY, Fang XY, Tong XL. Interactions Between Therapeutics for Metabolic Disease, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:530160. [PMID: 33194785 PMCID: PMC7644821 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.530160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With improved standards of living, the incidence of multiple metabolic disorders has increased year by year, especially major risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, continues to increase. Emerging epidemiological data and clinical trials have shown the additional protective effects of some metabolic therapy drugs against cardiovascular diseases. A series of studies have found that these drugs may work by modulating the composition of gut microbiota. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the contribution of the gut microbiota to both metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases, as well as the response of gut microbiota to metabolic therapy drugs with cardiovascular benefits. In this manner, we link the recent advances in microbiome studies on metabolic treatment drugs with their cardiovascular protective effects, suggesting that intestinal microorganisms may play a potential role in reducing cardiovascular risk factors. We also discuss the potential of microorganism-targeted therapeutics as treatment strategies for preventing and/or treating cardiovascular disease and highlight the need to establish causal links between therapeutics for metabolic diseases, gut microbiota modulation, and cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-You Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Zheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Yu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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76
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The Antidiabetic Agent Acarbose Improves Anti-PD-1 and Rapamycin Efficacy in Preclinical Renal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102872. [PMID: 33036247 PMCID: PMC7601245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although immune-stimulatory and targeted therapies benefit many patients with metastatic kidney cancer, a sizeable proportion of patients fail to respond. Recent studies in mice demonstrate that nutrient-limiting dietary interventions can improve responses to chemotherapy. However, these studies did not investigate effects on metastasis, and the impact of these interventions on the response to immunotherapy or targeted therapies in kidney cancer is unknown. We therefore studied the effects of a glucose-limiting drug called acarbose, which is used to treat type 2 diabetes, in a spontaneously-metastasizing mouse model of kidney cancer. We found that acarbose slowed kidney cancer growth and promoted protective immune responses. In combination with either an immunotherapy or a targeted therapy used clinically to treat kidney cancer, acarbose led to improved treatment outcomes and reduced lung metastases. Our findings contribute to the emerging idea of using nutrition-based interventions to enhance responses to cancer treatments. Abstract Although immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapeutics have changed the landscape of treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), most patients do not experience significant clinical benefits. Emerging preclinical studies report that nutrition-based interventions and glucose-regulating agents can improve therapeutic efficacy. However, the impact of such agents on therapeutic efficacy in metastatic kidney cancer remains unclear. Here, we examined acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and antidiabetic agent, in a preclinical model of metastatic kidney cancer. We found that acarbose blunted postprandial blood glucose elevations in lean, nondiabetic mice and impeded the growth of orthotopic renal tumors, an outcome that was reversed by exogenous glucose administration. Delayed renal tumor outgrowth in mice on acarbose occurred in a CD8 T cell-dependent manner. Tumors from these mice exhibited increased frequencies of CD8 T cells that retained production of IFNγ, TNFα, perforin, and granzyme B. Combining acarbose with either anti-PD-1 or the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, rapamycin, significantly reduced lung metastases relative to control mice on the same therapies. Our findings in mice suggest that combining acarbose with current RCC therapeutics may improve outcomes, warranting further study to determine whether acarbose can achieve similar responses in advanced RCC patients in a safe and likely cost-effective manner.
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77
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Microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Lipid Mediators. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103039. [PMID: 33023000 PMCID: PMC7600362 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an inflammatory clinical entity with different mechanisms involved in its physiopathology. Among these, the dysfunction of the gut microbiota stands out. Currently, it is understood that lipid products derived from the gut microbiota are capable of interacting with cells from the immune system and have an immunomodulatory effect. In the presence of dysbiosis, the concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) increases, favoring damage to the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, a pro-inflammatory environment prevails, and a state of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is present. Conversely, during eubiosis, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) is fundamental for the maintenance of the integrity of the intestinal barrier as well as for immunogenic tolerance and appetite/satiety perception, leading to a protective effect. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that alterations or dysregulation of the gut microbiota can be reversed by modifying the eating habits of the patients or with the administration of prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics. Similarly, different studies have demonstrated that drugs like Metformin are capable of modifying the composition of the gut microbiota, promoting changes in the biosynthesis of LPS, and the metabolism of SCFA.
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78
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Mamache W, Amira S, Ben Souici C, Laouer H, Benchikh F. In vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterases, anti-α-amylase, and anti-α-glucosidase effects of Algerian Salvia aegyptiaca and Salvia verbenaca. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13472. [PMID: 33000487 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Salvia aegyptiaca and Salvia verbenaca aerial part decoction and methanol extracts (SAE DE, SAE ME, SVR DE, and SVR ME) were screened for their in vitro antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, and antidiabetic enzymes inhibition activities. The antioxidant properties of Salvia extracts were determined using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, Alkaline DMSO superoxide radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, reducing power, and metal chelating activity assays. All extracts showed high antioxidant capacity and the antioxidant properties with the best performance were detected in the SAE ME and SVR ME. The extracts of S. aegyptiaca and S. verbenaca showed a low inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), whereas, the methanol extract of S. aegyptiaca had the highest inhibitory activity on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (71.60 ± 4.33% for 100 µg/ml) compared to the other extracts. In vitro inhibitory effect on diabetic enzymes showed that the ME inhibited α-amylase enzyme with an IC50 86 and 101 µg/ml for SAE and SVR, respectively. Similarly, both extracts inhibited α-glucosidase with (IC50 97 and 150 µg/ml, respectively). The decoction extracts exhibited lower activity on both enzymes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: It is becoming evident that oxidative stress is involved in several acute and chronic diseases. Counteracting free radical generation has become one of the widest fields of research worldwide. This study deals with the in vitro antioxidant activity of two plants from the Salvia genus as well as the assessment of their in vitro inhibitory properties of four key enzymes implicated in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Concerning the practical applications of our work, it can be explored in its antioxidant part as a food supplement to prevent the excess of free radicals in the body and also in other industrial practices. Another potential use is in the prevention and amelioration of both diabetes and Alzheimer's disease symptoms for the extracts that had enzyme inhibitory activity, but this deserves further toxicological and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Mamache
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Smain Amira
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Chawki Ben Souici
- Centre de Recherche en Biotechnologie (C.R.B.T) Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hocine Laouer
- Laboratory of Valorization of Natural Biological Resources, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Fatima Benchikh
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
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79
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Wang TY, Zhang XQ, Chen AL, Zhang J, Lv BH, Ma MH, Lian J, Wu YX, Zhou YT, Ma CC, Dong RJ, Ge DY, Gao SH, Jiang GJ. A comparative study of microbial community and functions of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity and healthy people. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7143-7153. [PMID: 32623494 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is crucial in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the metabolism of T2DM patients is not well-understood. We aimed to identify the differences on composition and function of gut microbiota between T2DM patients with obesity and healthy people. In this study, 6 T2DM patients with obesity and 6 healthy volunteers were recruited, and metagenomic approach and bioinformatics analysis methods were used to understand the composition of the gut microbiota and the metabolic network. We found a decrease in the abundance of Firmicutes, Oribacterium, and Paenibacillus; this may be attributed to a possible mechanism and biological basis of T2DM; moreover, we identified three critical bacterial taxa, Bacteroides plebeius, Phascolarctobacterium sp. CAG207, and the order Acidaminococcales that can potentially be used for T2DM treatment. We also revealed the composition of the microbiota through functional annotation based on multiple databases and found that carbohydrate metabolism contributed greatly to the pathogenesis of T2DM. This study helps in elucidating the different metabolic roles of microbes in T2DM patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ye Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin-Qing Zhang
- Chui Yang Liu Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Ai-Ling Chen
- Chui Yang Liu Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China.,Tangshan People Hospital, Tangshan, 063001, China
| | - Bo-Han Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Meng-Hua Ma
- Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Juan Lian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan-Xiang Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yun-Tao Zhou
- Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Cong-Cong Ma
- Chui Yang Liu Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Rui-Juan Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dong-Yu Ge
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Si-Hua Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Guang-Jian Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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80
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Khalangot M, Krasnienkov D, Vaiserman A. Telomere length in different metabolic categories: Clinical associations and modification potential. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1115-1121. [PMID: 32515222 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220931509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Metabolic disorders are known to be associated with accelerated telomere attrition. Their pathophysiological heterogeneity suggests the importance of multiple tests in examining these associations. However, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has rarely been performed in such studies to date. There are few studies aimed at determining leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in different categories of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and those that do exist do not take into account the impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/IGT categorization. Therefore, we believe our study, when the OGTT was used, is important to the field. This testing made it possible to determine whether LTLs are associated with glucose levels in different hyperglycemic categories. Our data indicate that relationships between LTLs and IFG/IGT levels are not the same. This distinction can potentially be used in categorization of metabolic disorders and in determining the effectiveness of interventions aimed at treating diabetes and other metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Khalangot
- Epidemiology Department, Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine.,Endocrinology Department, Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv 04112, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Krasnienkov
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Chebotariov Institute of Gerontology, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Chebotariov Institute of Gerontology, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
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81
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Effects of oat β-glucan, oat resistant starch, and the whole oat flour on insulin resistance, inflammation, and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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82
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Huang J, Liu WY, Yu JJ, Yang JB, Li M, Zou C, Guo CX, Yang XY, Yang S, Xie JL, Huang ZJ, Chen H, Pei Q, Yang GP. Exploration of suitable pharmacodynamic parameters for acarbose bioequivalence evaluation: A series of clinical trials with branded acarbose. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:2225-2233. [PMID: 32333407 PMCID: PMC7576622 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To determine deficiencies in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s guidance for assessing acarbose bioequivalence (BE) and to explore optimal pharmacodynamic (PD) metrics for better evaluation of acarbose BE. Methods Three clinical trials with branded acarbose were conducted in healthy subjects, including a pilot study (Study I, n = 11, 50 and 100 mg), a 2×2 crossover BE study (Study II, n = 36, 100 mg) and a 4×4 Williams study (Study III, n = 16, 50/100/150 mg). Serum glucose concentrations were measured by the glucose oxidase method. Results In Study I, compared with 50 mg acarbose, only 100 mg acarbose had a significantly lower Cmax0–4h than that of sucrose administration alone (7.96 ± 0.83 mmol/L vs 6.78 ± 1.02 mmol/L, P < .05). In Study II, the geometric mean ratios of the test formulation to the reference formulation (both formulations were the branded drug) for FDA PD metrics, ΔCmax0–4h and ΔAUC0–4h, were 0.903 and 0.776, respectively, and the 90% confidence intervals were 67.44–120.90 and 53.65–112.13, respectively. The geometric mean ratios (confidence interval) for possible optimal evaluation PD metrics (Cmax0–2h and AUC0–2h) were 1.035 (94.23–112.68) and 0.982 (89.28–107.17), respectively. Further, Cmax0–2h and AUC0–2h also met the sensitivity requirements for BE evaluation in Study III. Conclusion Considering the mechanisms of action of acarbose, the PD effect was shown to be dose independent during the 2–4 hours postadministration of acarbose. Hence PD metrics based on the serum glucose concentration from 0 to 2 hours (Cmax0–2h and AUC0–2h) are more sensitive than the FDA‐recommended PD metrics for acarbose BE evaluation from 0–4 hours (ΔCmax0–4h and ΔAUC0–4h). The trial has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1800015795, ChiCTR‐IIR‐17013918, ChiCTR‐IIR‐17011903). All subjects provided written informed consent before screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Yu Liu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Bo Yang
- Centre for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Centre for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Chan Zou
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng-Xian Guo
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Lian Xie
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinc Lab Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Qi Pei
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Research Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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83
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Abstract
Advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have revealed a role for gut microbiota dysbiosis in driving this disease. This suggests the possibility that approaches to restore a healthy host-microbiota relationship might be a means of ameliorating T2D. Indeed, recent studies indicate that many currently used treatments for T2D are reported to impact gut microbiota composition. Such changes in gut microbiota may mediate and/or reflect the efficacy of these interventions. This article outlines the rationale for considering the microbiota as a central determent of development of T2D and, moreover, reviews evidence that impacting microbiota might be germane to amelioration of T2D, both in terms of understanding mechanisms that mediate efficacy of exiting T2D therapies and in developing novel treatments for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneseh Adeshirlarijaney
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA,CONTACT Andrew Gewirtz Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30303, USA
| | - Andrew T. Gewirtz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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84
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Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Voglibose Suppresses Azoxymethane-Induced Colonic Preneoplastic Lesions in Diabetic and Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062226. [PMID: 32210144 PMCID: PMC7139371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related insulin resistance are known to increase the risk of cancer. Anti-diabetic agents can improve insulin resistance and may lead to the suppression of carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor voglibose on the development of azoxymethane-induced colorectal pre-neoplastic lesions in obese and diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. The direct effects of voglibose on the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells were also evaluated. Mice were injected with azoxymethane to induce colorectal pre-malignancy and were then administered drinking water with or without voglibose. At the end of the study, the administration of voglibose significantly suppressed the development of colorectal neoplastic lesions. In voglibose-treated mice, serum glucose levels, oxidative stress, as well as mRNA expression of the insulin-like growth factor-1 in the colon mucosa, were reduced. The proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells was not altered by voglibose. These results suggested that voglibose suppressed colorectal carcinogenesis in a diabetes- and obesity-related colorectal cancer model, presumably by improving inflammation via the reduction of oxidative stress and suppressing of the insulin-like growth factor/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor axis in the colonic mucosa.
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85
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Chae S, Kim DJ, Cho JY. Complex influences of gut microbiome metabolism on various drug responses. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2020; 28:7-16. [PMID: 32274377 PMCID: PMC7136083 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2020.28.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome closely interacts with the host, and it has a major influence on drug response. Many studies have reported the possible microbial influences on drugs and the possible influences of drugs on the microbiome. This knowledge has led to a better understanding of intra- and inter-individual variabilities in clinical pharmacology. For a more precise understanding of the complex correlation between the microbiome and drugs, in this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the interactions between the gut microbiome and drug response. Moreover, we suggest gut microbiome-derived metabolites as possible modulators of drug response and recommend metabolomics as a powerful tool to achieve such understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihyun Chae
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Da Jung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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86
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Wei M, Gu E, Luo J, Zhang Z, Xu D, Tao X, Shah NP, Wei H. Enterococcus hirae WEHI01 isolated from a healthy Chinese infant ameliorates the symptoms of type 2 diabetes by elevating the abundance of Lactobacillales in rats. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2969-2981. [PMID: 32059859 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus hirae WEHI01 is a potential probiotic strain isolated from a healthy Chinese infant. This strain has previously been characterized as having cholesterol-lowering potential and good dairy fermentation performance. In this study, we used rat models with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by a high fat and sucrose diet and low-dose streptozotocin, respectively, and we evaluated the effect of E. hirae WEHI01 on glycolipid metabolism, glycolipid-related gene expression, organ histopathology, and intestinal flora changes in the 2 models. Our results showed that administration of 5.0 × 109 cfu of E. hirae WEHI01 for 4 wk decreased serum lipid levels and regulated glycolipid metabolism in the liver of obese rats. Following continuous administration of the same concentration of E. hirae WEHI01 to a T2DM rat model for another 5 wk, E. hirae WEHI01 improved glucose tolerance, recovered body weight loss, and led to significant decreases in tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, IL-10, and total bile acid in serum. We also found that E. hirae WEHI01 restored the morphology of the pancreas, kidney, and liver, and changed the composition of the gut microbiota (i.e., decreased the Shannon index, increased the Simpson index, and substantially increased the abundance of Lactobacillales). Combining the results for the obese model and the T2DM model, we speculated that beneficial effects of E. hirae WEHI01 on T2DM could be due to (1) a significant increase in PPARA expression and a tendency for increased CYP7A1 expression in the liver of obese rats, promoting the conversion of cholesterol into bile acid and reducing serum total bile acid levels in T2DM model rats; or (2) a change in gut microbial diversity, especially elevated Lactobacillales abundance, which reduced the total bile acid in T2DM model rats. These results demonstrated that E. hirae WEHI01 has the potential to ameliorate type 2 diabetes in rats and provide a promising rationale for further research into the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Enyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Science, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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87
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Zhang L, Song P, Zhang X, Metea C, Schleisman M, Karstens L, Leung E, Zhang J, Xu Q, Liu Y, Asquith M, Chu CQ. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors Alter Gut Microbiota and Ameliorate Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1684. [PMID: 32116681 PMCID: PMC7010955 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acarose is an anti-diabetic drug and exhibits anti-arthritic effects. We hypothesized that acarbose influences the gut microbiota to affect the course of arthritis and tested this hypothesis in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) murine model. Acarbose in drinking water was administered via gastric gavage started prior to or at the time of CIA induction. Gut microbiota were evaluated with 16S rRNA gene sequencing from fecal pellets collected prior to arthritis induction, during onset of arthritis, and after treatment. Immune response was evaluated by measuring changes in T helper-17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cells in the spleen and intestine, as well as serum cytokine levels. Before induction of CIA, acarbose significantly reduced the incidence of arthritis and attenuated clinical severity of arthritis. The frequency of Th17 cells was significantly decreased in the intestinal lamina propria in acarbose treated mice. Mice that were treated with acarbose showed significantly increased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells with elevation of Helios and CCR6. A remarkable alteration in microbial community was observed in acarbose treated mice. Bacterial diversity and richness in mice with arthritis were significantly lower than those in acarbose treated groups. The frequency of Firmicutes was significantly reduced after arthritis onset but was restored after treatment with acarbose. The frequency of Lactobacillus, Anaeroplasma, Adlercreutzia, RF39 and Corynebacterium was significantly higher in control groups than in acarbose treated, while Oscillospira, Desulfovibrio and Ruminococcus enriched in acarbose treated group. Miglitol, another α-glucosidase inhibitor showed a similar but less potent anti-arthritic effect to that of acarbose. These data demonstrate that acarbose alleviated CIA through regulation of Th17/Treg cells in the intestinal mucosal immunity, which may have resulted from the impact of acarbose on gut microbial community. Inexpensive antidiabetic drugs with an excellent safety profile are potentially useful for managing rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshu Zhang
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Section of Rheumatology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Pingfang Song
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Section of Rheumatology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Christina Metea
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Matthew Schleisman
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lisa Karstens
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Eric Leung
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qiang Xu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mark Asquith
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Cong-Qiu Chu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Section of Rheumatology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
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88
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Wang J, He Y, Yu D, Jin L, Gong X, Zhang B. Perilla oil regulates intestinal microbiota and alleviates insulin resistance through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type-2 diabetic KKAy mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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89
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Cao TTB, Wu KC, Hsu JL, Chang CS, Chou C, Lin CY, Liao YM, Lin PC, Yang LY, Lin HW. Effects of Non-insulin Anti-hyperglycemic Agents on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review on Human and Animal Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:573891. [PMID: 33071980 PMCID: PMC7538596 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.573891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As growing evidence links gut microbiota with the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of anti-hyperglycemic drugs, this article aims to provide a systematic review of the reciprocal interactions between anti-hyperglycemic drugs and gut microbiota taxa, which underlie the effect of the gut microbiome on diabetic control via bug-host interactions. Method: We followed the PRISMA requirements to perform a systematic review on human vs. animal gut microbiota data in PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases, and used Cochrane, ROBIN-I, and SYRCLE tools to assess potential bias risks. The outcomes of assessment were trends on gut microbiota taxa, diversity, and associations with metabolic control (e.g., glucose, lipid) following anti-hyperglycemic treatment. Results: Of 2,804 citations, 64 studies (17/humans; 47/mice) were included. In human studies, seven were randomized trials using metformin or acarbose in obese, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Treatment of pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed T2D patients with metformin or acarbose was associated with decreases in genus of Bacteroides, accompanied by increases in both Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Additionally, T2D patients receiving metformin showed increases in various taxa of the order Enterobacteriales and the species Akkermansia muciniphila. Of seven studies with significant differences in beta-diversity, the incremental specific taxa were associated with the improvement of glucose and lipid profiles. In mice, the effects of metformin on A. muciniphila were similar, but an inverse association with Bacteroides was reported. Animal studies on other anti-hyperglycemic drugs, however, showed substantial variations in results. Conclusions: The changes in specific taxa and β-diversity of gut microbiota were associated with metformin and acarbose in humans while pertinent information for other anti-hyperglycemic drugs could only be obtained in rodent studies. Further human studies on anti-hyperglycemic drugs other than metformin and acarbose are needed to explore gut microbiota's role in their therapeutic efficacies and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao T. B. Cao
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kun-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Lin Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shiang Chang
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiahung Chou
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Liao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Biomedical Technology Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wen Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy System, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Hsiang-Wen Lin
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90
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Fernandez E, Ross C, Liang H, Javors M, Tardif S, Salmon AB. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of metformin and acarbose in the common marmoset. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2019; 9:1657756. [PMID: 31497263 PMCID: PMC6719263 DOI: 10.1080/20010001.2019.1657756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has beneficial effects on several age-related diseases (e.g., diabetes, obesity, cancer) and extends lifespan in nematodes and mice. Acarbose, an FDA-approved agent for treating type 2 diabetes, prevents breakdown of complex carbohydrates. Both compounds have been suggested as potential anti-aging interventions and acarbose has been shown to extend mouse longevity by the Intervention Testing Program (ITP). One potential next step is to assess the effect of these interventions on healthspan and lifespan in non-human primates. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small new world monkey with a relatively short life span and small size, both valuable for the translation potential of this nonhuman primate species for the study of aging and chronic disease. However, the dosing and assessment of potential side effects of either metformin or acarbose in this species have yet to be assessed. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of two dosage levels each of metformin or acarbose (given separately) in two small groups of young marmosets (n = 5/group) treated for 24 h to define the pharmacokinetics of each drug. The ability to rapidly and reliably dose socially housed marmosets with an oral form of acarbose or metformin that is well tolerated indicates that this species is a reliable model for testing acarbose and metformin in a safe and efficient way in a long-term intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fernandez
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Corinna Ross
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hanyu Liang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio
| | - Martin Javors
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Suzette Tardif
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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91
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Pryor R, Martinez-Martinez D, Quintaneiro L, Cabreiro F. The Role of the Microbiome in Drug Response. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 60:417-435. [PMID: 31386593 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome is known to regulate many aspects of host health and disease and is increasingly being recognized as a key mediator of drug action. However, investigating the complex multidirectional relationships between drugs, the microbiota, and the host is a challenging endeavor, and the biological mechanisms that underpin these interactions are often not well understood. In this review, we outline the current evidence that supports a role for the microbiota as a contributor to both the therapeutic benefits and side effects of drugs, with a particular focus on those used to treat mental disorders, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. We also provide a snapshot of the experimental and computational tools that are currently available for the dissection of drug-microbiota-host interactions. The advancement of knowledge in this area may ultimately pave the way for the development of novel microbiota-based strategies that can be used to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Pryor
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; .,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Martinez-Martinez
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; .,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Leonor Quintaneiro
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; .,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Filipe Cabreiro
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; .,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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92
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Liu Q, Liu S, Chen L, Zhao Z, Du S, Dong Q, Xin Y, Xuan S. Role and effective therapeutic target of gut microbiota in NAFLD/NASH. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1935-1944. [PMID: 31410156 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prevalent chronic liver disease in the world, is affected by numerous extrinsic and intrinsic factors, including lifestyle, environment, diet, genetic susceptibility, metabolic syndrome and gut microbiota. Accumulating evidence has proven that gut dysbiosis is significantly associated with the development and progression of NAFLD, and several highly variable species in gut microbiota have been identified. The gut microbiota contributes to NAFLD by abnormal regulation of the liver-gut axis, gut microbial components and microbial metabolites, and affects the secretion of bile acids. Due to the key role of the gut microbiota in NAFLD, it has been regarded as a potential target for the pharmacological and clinical treatment of NAFLD. The present review provides a systematic summary of the characterization of gut microbiota and the significant association between the gut microbiota and NAFLD. The possible mechanisms of how the gut microbiota is involved in promoting the development and progression of NAFLD were also discussed. In addition, the potential therapeutic methods for NAFLD based on the gut microbiota were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Shousheng Liu
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Shuixian Du
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yongning Xin
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China.,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Shiying Xuan
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China.,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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93
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Zhang Z, Xu H, Zhao H, Geng Y, Ren Y, Guo L, Shi J, Xu Z. Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. water extract improves diabetes and modulates gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111854. [PMID: 30954614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Chinese folk medicine, the flower of Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. is used to treat various metabolic diseases, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the antidiabetes potential of the flower of E. gardneri and investigate whether it can benefit the entire gut bacteria community. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical constituents of the extract were analyzed by UHPLC-Q Exactive Mass Spectrometer (UHPLC-QE-MS). The antidiabetes effect of the water extract (WAE) of the flower of E. gardneri was evaluated in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) (six groups, n = 8) daily at doses of 1, 2, and 3 g/kg for 4 weeks. The gut microbiota was analyzed using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the fecal were also investigated. RESULTS UHPLC-QE-MS analysis identified 29 compounds, including five alkaloids, six coumarins, four flavonoids, 11 organic acids, and three additional compounds, in the WAE. Results showed that the high dose of WAE considerably decreased the blood glucose level by 30.0%. Furthermore, E. gardneri significantly ameliorated insulin resistance and lipid metabolism dysfunction and repaired islet, hepatic, and white fat and colon histology in diabetic mice. Diabetic mice treated with WAE showed apparent changes in the structure and composition of the gut microbiota. WAE reversed the changes in Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, S24-7, Rikenellaceae, and Dorea in diabetic mice. The correlation analysis indicated that key OTUs were related to diabetes indices. The amounts of SCFAs, including acetic, propionic, and valeric acids, were significantly high in WAE-treated diabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS E. gardneri treatment improved the glucose metabolism and reshaped the unbalanced gut microbiota of diabetic mice. Our study provides evidence for application of E. gardneri to treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tiebet Yuewang Pharmacopoeia Ecological Tibetan Medicine Technology Co.,Ltd., Tiebet, 850000, PR China.
| | - Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Yilin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
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94
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Smith BJ, Miller RA, Ericsson AC, Harrison DC, Strong R, Schmidt TM. Changes in the gut microbiome and fermentation products concurrent with enhanced longevity in acarbose-treated mice. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:130. [PMID: 31195972 PMCID: PMC6567620 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with the α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose increases median lifespan by approximately 20% in male mice and 5% in females. This longevity extension differs from dietary restriction based on a number of features, including the relatively small effects on weight and the sex-specificity of the lifespan effect. By inhibiting host digestion, acarbose increases the flux of starch to the lower digestive system, resulting in changes to the gut microbiota and their fermentation products. Given the documented health benefits of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the dominant products of starch fermentation by gut bacteria, this secondary effect of acarbose could contribute to increased longevity in mice. To explore this hypothesis, we compared the fecal microbiome of mice treated with acarbose to control mice at three independent study sites. RESULTS Microbial communities and the concentrations of SCFAs in the feces of mice treated with acarbose were notably different from those of control mice. At all three study sites, the bloom of a single bacterial taxon was the most obvious response to acarbose treatment. The blooming populations were classified to the largely uncultured Bacteroidales family Muribaculaceae and were the same taxonomic unit at two of the three sites. Propionate concentrations in feces were consistently elevated in treated mice, while the concentrations of acetate and butyrate reflected a dependence on study site. Across all samples, Muribaculaceae abundance was strongly correlated with propionate and community composition was an important predictor of SCFA concentrations. Cox proportional hazards regression showed that the fecal concentrations of acetate, butyrate, and propionate were, together, predictive of mouse longevity even while controlling for sex, site, and acarbose. CONCLUSION We observed a correlation between fecal SCFAs and lifespan in mice, suggesting a role of the gut microbiota in the longevity-enhancing properties of acarbose. Treatment modulated the taxonomic composition and fermentation products of the gut microbiome, while the site-dependence of the responses illustrate the challenges facing reproducibility and interpretation in microbiome studies. These results motivate future studies exploring manipulation of the gut microbial community and its fermentation products for increased longevity, testing causal roles of SCFAs in the observed effects of acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron J Smith
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 MI USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 MI USA
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65201 MO USA
| | | | - Randy Strong
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, 78229 TX USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, 78245 TX USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, 78229 TX USA
| | - Thomas M Schmidt
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 MI USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 MI USA
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95
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Koutnikova H, Genser B, Monteiro-Sepulveda M, Faurie JM, Rizkalla S, Schrezenmeir J, Clément K. Impact of bacterial probiotics on obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease related variables: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e017995. [PMID: 30928918 PMCID: PMC6475231 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the effect of oral intake of bacterial probiotics on 15 variables related to obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, EMBASE and COCHRANE from 1990 to June 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (≥14 days) excluding hypercholesterolaemia, alcoholic liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome and children <3 years. RESULTS One hundred and five articles met inclusion criteria, representing 6826 subjects. In overweight but not obese subjects, probiotics induced improvements in: body weight (k=25 trials, d=-0.94 kg mean difference, 95% CI -1.17 to -0.70, I²=0.0%), body mass index (k=32, d=-0.55 kg/m², 95% CI -0.86 to -0.23, I²=91.9%), waist circumference (k=13, d=-1.31 cm, 95% CI -1.79 to -0.83, I²=14.5%), body fat mass (k=11, d=-0.96 kg, 95% CI -1.21 to -0.71, I²=0.0%) and visceral adipose tissue mass (k=5, d=-6.30 cm², 95% CI -9.05 to -3.56, I²=0.0%). In type 2 diabetics, probiotics reduced fasting glucose (k=19, d=-0.66 mmol/L, 95% CI -1.00 to -0.31, I²=27.7%), glycated haemoglobin (k=13, d=-0.28 pp, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.11, I²=54.1%), insulin (k=13, d=-1.66 mU/L, 95% CI -2.70 to -0.61, I²=37.8%) and homeostatic model of insulin resistance (k=10, d=-1.05 pp, 95% CI -1.48 to -0.61, I²=18.2%). In subjects with fatty liver diseases, probiotics reduced alanine (k=12, d=-10.2 U/L, 95% CI -14.3 to -6.0, I²=93.50%) and aspartate aminotransferases (k=10, d=-9.9 U/L, 95% CI -14.1 to -5.8, I²=96.1%). These improvements were mostly observed with bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum), Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, L. delbrueckii) containing mixtures and influenced by trials conducted in one country. CONCLUSIONS The intake of probiotics resulted in minor but consistent improvements in several metabolic risk factors in subjects with metabolic diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016033273.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Genser
- BGStats Consulting, Vienna, Austria
- Mannheimer Institut fur Public Health, Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Milena Monteiro-Sepulveda
- Nutrition Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Salwa Rizkalla
- Nutrition Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Schrezenmeir
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Universitatsmedizin, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), NutriOmiCs team, UMR S 1269, Paris, France
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96
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Kyriachenko Y, Falalyeyeva T, Korotkyi O, Molochek N, Kobyliak N. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and antidiabetic drug action. World J Diabetes 2019; 10:154-168. [PMID: 30891151 PMCID: PMC6422856 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i3.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disorder characterized by chronic inflated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), at first due to insulin resistance and unregulated insulin secretion but with tendency towards global spreading. The gut microbiota is recognized to have an influence on T2D, although surveys have not formed a clear overview to date. Because of the interactions between gut microbiota and host homeostasis, intestinal bacteria are believed to play a large role in various diseases, including metabolic syndrome, obesity and associated disease. In this review, we highlight the animal and human studies which have elucidated the roles of metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ agonists, inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, sodium/glucose cotransporter inhibitors, and other less studied medications on gut microbiota. This review is dedicated to one of the most widespread diseases, T2D, and the currently used antidiabetic drugs and most promising new findings. In general, the gut microbiota has been shown to have an influence on host metabolism, food consumption, satiety, glucose homoeostasis, and weight gain. Altered intestinal microbiota composition has been noticed in cardiovascular diseases, colon cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, T2D, and obesity. Therefore, the main effect of antidiabetic drugs is on the microbiome composition, basically increasing the short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria, responsible for losing weight and suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevheniia Kyriachenko
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Falalyeyeva
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Korotkyi
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Molochek
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Endocrinology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
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97
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Jazani NH, Savoj J, Lustgarten M, Lau WL, Vaziri ND. Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease. Diseases 2019; 7:diseases7010021. [PMID: 30781823 PMCID: PMC6473882 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide major health problem. Traditional risk factors for CKD are hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have identified gut dysbiosis as a novel risk factor for the progression CKD and its complications. Dysbiosis can worsen systemic inflammation, which plays an important role in the progression of CKD and its complications such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effects of the normal gut microbiota, and then elaborate on how alterations in the biochemical environment of the gastrointestinal tract in CKD can affect gut microbiota. External factors such as dietary restrictions, medications, and dialysis further promote dysbiosis. We discuss the impact of an altered gut microbiota on neuroendocrine pathways such as the hypothalamus⁻pituitary⁻adrenal axis, the production of neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, tryptophan metabolism, and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Finally, therapeutic strategies including diet modification, intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima H Jazani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Javad Savoj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riverside Community Hospital, University of California-Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92501, USA.
| | - Michael Lustgarten
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Wei Ling Lau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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98
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The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome. mSphere 2019; 4:4/1/e00528-18. [PMID: 30728281 PMCID: PMC6365613 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00528-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbial community has a profound influence on host physiology in both health and disease. In diabetic individuals, the gut microbiota can affect the course of disease, and some medications for diabetes, including metformin, seem to elicit some of their benefits via an interaction with the microbiota. Here, we report that acarbose, a glucoamylase inhibitor for type 2 diabetes, changes the murine gut bacterial community structure in a reversible and diet-dependent manner. In both high-starch and high-fiber diet backgrounds, acarbose treatment results in increased short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate, as measured in stool samples. As we learn more about how human disease is affected by the intestinal bacterial community, the interplay between medications such as acarbose and the diet will become increasingly important to evaluate. Acarbose is a safe and effective medication for type 2 diabetes that inhibits host glucoamylases to prevent starch digestion in the small intestines and thus decrease postprandial blood glucose levels. This results in an increase in dietary starch in the distal intestine, where it becomes food for the gut bacterial community. Here, we examined the effect of acarbose therapy on the gut community structure in mice fed either a high-starch (HS) or high-fiber diet rich in plant polysaccharides (PP). The fecal microbiota of animals consuming a low dose of acarbose (25 ppm) was not significantly different from that of control animals that did not receive acarbose. However, a high dose of acarbose (400 ppm) with the HS diet resulted in a substantial change to the microbiota structure. Most notably, the HS diet with a high dose of acarbose lead to an expansion of the Bacteroidaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae and a decrease in the Verrucomicrobiaceae (such as Akkermansia muciniphila) and the Bacteroidales S24-7. Once acarbose treatment ceased, the community composition quickly reverted to mirror that of the control group, suggesting that acarbose does not irreversibly alter the gut community. The high dose of acarbose in the PP diet resulted in a distinct community structure with increased representation of Bifidobacteriaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) measured from stool samples were increased, especially butyrate, as a result of acarbose treatment in both diets. These data demonstrate the potential of acarbose to change the gut community structure and increase beneficial SCFA output in a diet-dependent manner. IMPORTANCE The gut microbial community has a profound influence on host physiology in both health and disease. In diabetic individuals, the gut microbiota can affect the course of disease, and some medications for diabetes, including metformin, seem to elicit some of their benefits via an interaction with the microbiota. Here, we report that acarbose, a glucoamylase inhibitor for type 2 diabetes, changes the murine gut bacterial community structure in a reversible and diet-dependent manner. In both high-starch and high-fiber diet backgrounds, acarbose treatment results in increased short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate, as measured in stool samples. As we learn more about how human disease is affected by the intestinal bacterial community, the interplay between medications such as acarbose and the diet will become increasingly important to evaluate.
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99
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Caesar R. Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Therapies for the Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2019; 43:224-231. [PMID: 30929665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is an important regulator of host metabolism. Metagenome analyses have demonstrated that the gut microbiota differs between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy subjects, and several studies have shown that impaired glucose metabolism is associated with decreased levels of butyrate-producing bacteria. Gut microbiota-produced metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, amino acid derivatives and secondary bile acids, participate in metabolic and immunologic processes and, hence, pose putative links between the gut microbiota and glucose homeostasis. Strategies to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes through manipulation of the gut microbiota are being developed. These include replacement of the gut microbiota by fecal transplantation, consumption of fibres to promote the function and growth of beneficial bacteria and treatment with probiotic bacterial strains. Furthermore, it has been shown that many drugs, including drugs used for treatment of diabetes, have major impacts on gut microbiota and, thereby, potentially on glucose metabolism. In particular, the commonly used drug metformin has been shown to influence the functional capacity of the gut microbiota, and recent evidence indicates that this may contribute to the antidiabetes effect of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Caesar
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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100
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Li Y, Zhong S, Yu J, Sun Y, Zhu J, Ji D, Wu C. The mulberry-derived 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) inhibits high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hypercholesteremia and modulates the gut microbiota in a gender-specific manner. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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