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Voges JF, Müller-Pinzler L, Neis M, Luebber F, Lange T, Hundt JE, Kasten M, Krämer UM, Krach S, Rademacher L. Association of stress-related neural activity and baseline interleukin-6 plasma levels in healthy adults. Stress 2022; 25:267-275. [PMID: 35855548 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2022.2094704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest a link between acute changes in inflammatory parameters due to an endotoxin or (psychological) stressor and the brain's stress response. The extent to which basal circulating levels of inflammatory markers are associated with the brain's stress response has been hardly investigated so far. In the present study, baseline plasma levels of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 were obtained and linked to neural markers of psychosocial stress using a modified version of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task in a sample of N = 65 healthy subjects (N = 39 female). Of three a-priori defined regions of interest - the amygdala, anterior insula, and anterior cingulate cortex - baseline IL-6 was significantly and negatively associated with stress-related neural activation in the right amygdala and left anterior insula. Our results suggest that baseline cytokines might be related to differences in the neural stress response and that this relationship could be inverse to that previously reported for induced acute changes in inflammation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Voges
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Laura Müller-Pinzler
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Miriam Neis
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Midwifery Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Finn Luebber
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Meike Kasten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ulrike M Krämer
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sören Krach
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lena Rademacher
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Abstract
The overarching objective is to review how early exposure to adversity interacts with inflammation to alter brain maturation. Both adversity and inflammation are significant risk factors for psychopathology. Literature relevant to the effects of adversity in children and adolescents on brain development is reviewed. These studies are supported by research in animals exposed to species-relevant stressors during development. While it is known that exposure to adversity at any age increases inflammation, the effects of inflammation are exacerbated at developmental stages when the immature brain is uniquely sensitive to experiences. Microglia play a vital role in this process, as they scavenge cellular debris and prune synapses to optimize performance. In essence, microglia modify the synapse to match environmental demands, which is necessary for someone with a history of adversity. Overall, by piecing together clinical and preclinical research areas, what emerges is a picture of how adversity uniquely sculpts the brain. Microglia interactions with the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (specifically, the subtype expressing parvalbumin) are discussed within contexts of development and adversity. A review of inflammation markers in individuals with a history of abuse is combined with preclinical studies to describe their effects on maturation. Inconsistencies within the literature are discussed, with a call for standardizing methodologies relating to the age of assessing adversity effects, measures to quantify stress and inflammation, and more brain-based measures of biochemistry. Preclinical studies pave the way for interventions using anti-inflammation-based agents (COX-2 inhibitors, CB2 agonists, meditation/yoga) by identifying where, when, and how the developmental trajectory goes awry.
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53
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Kemp GM, Altimimi HF, Nho Y, Heir R, Klyczek A, Stellwagen D. Sustained TNF signaling is required for the synaptic and anxiety-like behavioral response to acute stress. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4474-4484. [PMID: 36104437 PMCID: PMC9734040 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute stress triggers plasticity of forebrain synapses as well as behavioral changes. Here we reveal that Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF) is a required downstream mediator of the stress response in mice, necessary for stress-induced synaptic potentiation in the ventral hippocampus and for an increase in anxiety-like behaviour. Acute stress is sufficient to activate microglia, triggering the long-term release of TNF. Critically, on-going TNF signaling specifically in the ventral hippocampus is necessary to sustain both the stress-induced synaptic and behavioral changes, as these could be reversed hours after induction by antagonizing TNF signaling. This demonstrates that TNF maintains the synaptic and behavioral stress response in vivo, making TNF a potential novel therapeutic target for stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Kemp
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Haider F. Altimimi
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Yoonmi Nho
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Renu Heir
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Adam Klyczek
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - David Stellwagen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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54
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Inflammatory phenomena are found in many psychiatric disorders-notably, depression, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Inflammation has been linked to severity and treatment resistance, and may both contribute to, and result from, the pathophysiology of some psychiatric illnesses. Emerging research suggests that inflammation may contribute to symptom domains of reward, motor processing, and threat reactivity across different psychiatric diagnoses. Reward-processing deficits contribute to motivational impairments in depression and schizophrenia, and motor-processing deficits contribute to psychomotor slowing in both depression and schizophrenia. A number of experimental models and clinical trials suggest that inflammation produces deficits in reward and motor processing through common pathways connecting the cortex and the striatum, which includes the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen.The observed effects of inflammation on psychiatric disorders may cut across traditional conceptualizations of psychiatric diagnoses. Further study may lead to targeted immunomodulating treatments that address difficult-to-treat symptoms in a number of psychiatric disorders. In this review, we use a Research Domain Criteria framework to discuss proposed mechanisms for inflammation and its effects on the domains of reward processing, psychomotor slowing, and threat reactivity. We also discuss data that support contributing roles of metabolic dysregulation and sex differences on the behavioral outcomes of inflammation. Finally, we discuss ways that future studies can help disentangle this complex topic to yield fruitful results that will help advance the field of psychoneuroimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Thylur
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
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55
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Sichko S, Bui TQ, Vinograd M, Shields GS, Saha K, Devkota S, Olvera-Alvarez HA, Carroll JE, Cole SW, Irwin MR, Slavich GM. Psychobiology of Stress and Adolescent Depression (PSY SAD) Study: Protocol overview for an fMRI-based multi-method investigation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 17:100334. [PMID: 34595481 PMCID: PMC8478351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common, often recurrent disorder that causes substantial disease burden worldwide, and this is especially true for women following the pubertal transition. According to the Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression, stressors involving social stress and rejection, which frequently precipitate major depressive episodes, induce depressive symptoms in vulnerable individuals in part by altering the activity and connectivity of stress-related neural pathways, and by upregulating components of the immune system involved in inflammation. To test this theory, we recruited adolescent females at high and low risk for depression and assessed their psychological, neural, inflammatory, and genomic responses to a brief (10 minute) social stress task, in addition to trait psychological and microbial factors affecting these responses. We then followed these adolescents longitudinally to investigate how their multi-level stress responses at baseline were related to their biological aging at baseline, and psychosocial and clinical functioning over one year. In this protocol paper, we describe the theoretical motivations for conducting this study as well as the sample, study design, procedures, and measures. Ultimately, our aim is to elucidate how social adversity influences the brain and immune system to cause depression, one of the most common and costly of all disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stassja Sichko
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Q. Bui
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meghan Vinograd
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Grant S. Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- Department of Medicine, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Judith E. Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven W. Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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56
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Han KM, Ham BJ. How Inflammation Affects the Brain in Depression: A Review of Functional and Structural MRI Studies. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:503-515. [PMID: 34595858 PMCID: PMC8490908 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review discusses how peripheral and central inflammation processes affect brain function and structure in depression, and reports on recent peripheral inflammatory marker-based functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies from the perspective of neural-circuit dysfunction in depression. Chronic stress stimulates the activity of microglial cells, which increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain. In addition, microglial activation promotes a shift from the synthesis of serotonin to the synthesis of neurotoxic metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, which induces glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in neurons. Furthermore, the region specificity of microglial activation is hypothesized to contribute to the vulnerability of specific brain regions in the depression-related neural circuits to inflammation-mediated brain injury. MRI studies are increasingly investigating how the blood levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α are associated with functional and structural neuroimaging markers in depression. Functional MRI studies have found that peripheral inflammatory markers are associated with aberrant activation patterns and altered functional connectivity in neural circuits involved in emotion regulation, reward processing, and cognitive control in depression. Structural MRI studies have suggested that peripheral inflammatory markers are related to reduced cortical gray matter and subcortical volumes, cortical thinning, and decreased integrity of white matter tracts within depression-related neural circuits. These neuroimaging findings may improve our understanding of the relationships between neuroinflammatory processes at the molecular level and macroscale in vivo neuralcircuit dysfunction in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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57
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do Prado-Lima PAS, Costa-Ferro ZSM, Souza BSDF, da Cruz IBM, Lab B. Is there a place for cellular therapy in depression? World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:553-567. [PMID: 34631460 PMCID: PMC8474995 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i9.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although efforts have been made to improve the pharmacological treatment of depression, approximately one-third of patients with depression do not respond to conventional therapy using antidepressants. Other potential non-pharmacological therapies have been studied in the last years, including the use of mesenchymal stem cell therapies to treat depression. These therapies are reviewed here since it is clinically relevant to develop innovative therapeutics to treat psychiatric patients. Experimental data corroborate that mesenchymal stem cell therapy could be considered a potential treatment for depression based on its anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic properties. However, some clinical trials involving treatment of depression with stem cells are in progress, but with no published results. These studies and other future clinical investigations will be crucial to define how much mesenchymal stem cells can effectively be used in psychiatric clinics as a strategy for supporting depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Antônio Schmidt do Prado-Lima
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Zaquer Suzana Munhoz Costa-Ferro
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Bahia, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Bahia, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Biogenomics Lab
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105900, RS, Brazil
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58
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Eslinger PJ, Anders S, Ballarini T, Boutros S, Krach S, Mayer AV, Moll J, Newton TL, Schroeter ML, de Oliveira-Souza R, Raber J, Sullivan GB, Swain JE, Lowe L, Zahn R. The neuroscience of social feelings: mechanisms of adaptive social functioning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:592-620. [PMID: 34089764 PMCID: PMC8388127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Social feelings have conceptual and empirical connections with affect and emotion. In this review, we discuss how they relate to cognition, emotion, behavior and well-being. We examine the functional neuroanatomy and neurobiology of social feelings and their role in adaptive social functioning. Existing neuroscience literature is reviewed to identify concepts, methods and challenges that might be addressed by social feelings research. Specific topic areas highlight the influence and modulation of social feelings on interpersonal affiliation, parent-child attachments, moral sentiments, interpersonal stressors, and emotional communication. Brain regions involved in social feelings were confirmed by meta-analysis using the Neurosynth platform for large-scale, automated synthesis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Words that relate specifically to social feelings were identfied as potential research variables. Topical inquiries into social media behaviors, loneliness, trauma, and social sensitivity, especially with recent physical distancing for guarding public and personal health, underscored the increasing importance of social feelings for affective and second person neuroscience research with implications for brain development, physical and mental health, and lifelong adaptive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Eslinger
- Departments of Neurology, Neural & Behavioral Sciences, Pediatrics, and Radiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Silke Anders
- Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sydney Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sören Krach
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Translational Psychiatry Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annalina V Mayer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Translational Psychiatry Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamara L Newton
- University of Louisville, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), BR Hospital Universitario, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacob Raber
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gavin B Sullivan
- International Psychoanalytic University, Berlin, Germany, Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University, UK
| | - James E Swain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Psychology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Roland Zahn
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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59
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Allaert J, Erdogan M, Sanchez-Lopez A, Baeken C, De Raedt R, Vanderhasselt MA. Prefrontal tDCS Attenuates Self-Referential Attentional Deployment: A Mechanism Underlying Adaptive Emotional Reactivity to Social-Evaluative Threat. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:700557. [PMID: 34483865 PMCID: PMC8416079 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.700557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social-evaluative threat (SET) - a situation in which one could be negatively evaluated by others - elicits profound (psycho)physiological reactivity which, if chronically present and not adaptively regulated, has deleterious effects on mental and physical health. Decreased self-awareness and increased other-awareness are understood to be an adaptive response to SET. Attentional deployment - the process of selectively attending to certain aspects of emotional stimuli to modulate emotional reactivity - is supported by fronto-parietal and fronto-limbic networks, with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex being a central hub. The primary aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of active (versus sham) prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on self and other-attentional deployment during the exposure to a SET context. Seventy-four female participants received active or sham tDCS and were subsequently exposed to a rigged social feedback paradigm. In this paradigm a series of social evaluations were presented together with a photograph of the supposed evaluator and a self- photograph of the participant, while gaze behavior (time to first fixation, total fixation time) and skin conductance responses (SCRs; a marker of emotional reactivity) were measured. For half of the evaluations, participants could anticipate the valence (negative or positive) of the evaluation a priori. Analyses showed that participants receiving active tDCS were (a) slower to fixate on their self-photograph, (b) spent less time fixating on their self-photograph, and (c) spent more time fixating on the evaluator photograph. During unanticipated evaluations, active tDCS was associated with less time spent fixating on the evaluation. Furthermore, among those receiving active tDCS, SCRs were attenuated as a function of slower times to fixate on the self-photograph. Taken together, these results suggest that in a context of SET, prefrontal tDCS decreases self-attention while increasing other-attention, and that attenuated self-referential attention specifically may be a neurocognitive mechanism through which tDCS reduces emotional reactivity. Moreover, the results suggest that tDCS reduces vigilance toward stimuli that possibly convey threatening information, corroborating past research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Allaert
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent (UZ Ghent), Ghent, Belgium
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maide Erdogan
- Research in Developmental Disorders Lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent (UZ Ghent), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent (UZ Ghent), Ghent, Belgium
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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60
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Leschak CJ, Dutcher JM, Haltom KEB, Breen EC, Bower JE, Eisenberger NI. Associations between amygdala reactivity to social threat, perceived stress and C-reactive protein in breast cancer survivors. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:1056-1063. [PMID: 32039441 PMCID: PMC7657448 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in women diagnosed with breast cancer is critically linked with tumor progression, metastasis and survival. C-reactive protein (CRP)—a circulating marker of inflammation—is an important prognostic marker for cancer-related outcomes in breast cancer survivors (e.g. recurrence, fatigue). Psychological stress, which increases circulating markers of inflammation following sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, may modulate tumor-relevant inflammatory processes. However, little is known about neural mechanisms that might link stress and downstream SNS-initiated proinflammatory processes, such as elevated CRP. Past work suggests that threat-related neural regions, such as the amygdala, may be key in translating psychological stress into SNS activity and subsequent peripheral inflammation. Thus, we examined amygdala reactivity to socially threatening stimuli in association with perceived stress and plasma CRP levels to further elucidate neuro-immune pathways of social threat processing within breast cancer survivors (N = 37). Significant positive correlations were found between left amygdala reactivity in response to socially threatening stimuli (e.g. angry/fearful faces vs happy faces) and perceived stress in the previous month (r = 0.32, P = 0.025) and between left amygdala reactivity and CRP (r = 0.33, P = 0.025). This work builds on prior research implicating the amygdala as a key structure in crosstalk between threat-related neural circuitries and peripheral inflammation, particularly within cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrianne J Leschak
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Janine M Dutcher
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kate E Byrne Haltom
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Breen
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Naomi I Eisenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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61
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Kang DO, Eo JS, Park EJ, Nam HS, Song JW, Park YH, Park SY, Na JO, Choi CU, Kim EJ, Rha SW, Park CG, Seo HS, Kim CK, Yoo H, Kim JW. Stress-associated neurobiological activity is linked with acute plaque instability via enhanced macrophage activity: a prospective serial 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging assessment. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1883-1895. [PMID: 33462618 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Emotional stress is associated with future cardiovascular events. However, the mechanistic linkage of brain emotional neural activity with acute plaque instability is not fully elucidated. We aimed to prospectively estimate the relationship between brain amygdalar activity (AmygA), arterial inflammation (AI), and macrophage haematopoiesis (HEMA) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as compared with controls. METHODS AND RESULTS 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) imaging was performed within 45 days of the index episode in 62 patients (45 with AMI, mean 60.0 years, 84.4% male; 17 controls, mean 59.6 years, 76.4% male). In 10 patients of the AMI group, serial 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed after 6 months to estimate the temporal changes. The signals were compared using a customized 3D-rendered PET reconstruction. AmygA [target-to-background ratio (TBR), mean ± standard deviation: 0.65 ± 0.05 vs. 0.60 ± 0.05; P = 0.004], carotid AI (TBR: 2.04 ± 0.39 vs. 1.81 ± 0.25; P = 0.026), and HEMA (TBR: 2.60 ± 0.38 vs. 2.22 ± 0.28; P < 0.001) were significantly higher in AMI patients compared with controls. AmygA correlated significantly with those of the carotid artery (r = 0.350; P = 0.005), aorta (r = 0.471; P < 0.001), and bone marrow (r = 0.356; P = 0.005). Psychological stress scales (PHQ-9 and PSS-10) and AmygA assessed by PET/CT imaging correlated well (P < 0.001). Six-month after AMI, AmygA, carotid AI, and HEMA decreased to a level comparable with the controls. CONCLUSION AmygA, AI, and HEMA were concordantly enhanced in patients with AMI, showing concurrent dynamic changes over time. These results raise the possibility that stress-associated neurobiological activity is linked with acute plaque instability via augmented macrophage activity and could be a potential therapeutic target for plaque inflammation in AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Oh Kang
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea.,Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seon Eo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Park
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea.,Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Soo Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Woo Song
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Hee Park
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Oh Na
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ung Choi
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Ju Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woon Rha
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Park
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seog Seo
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Kyung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongki Yoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea.,Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
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Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: The importance of the vagus nerve for biopsychosocial resilience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:1-10. [PMID: 33582230 PMCID: PMC8106638 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread increases in mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. The development of these and other psychiatric disorders may be related to changes in immune, endocrine, autonomic, cognitive, and affective processes induced by a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, many of these same changes can be triggered by psychosocial stressors such as social isolation and rejection, which have become increasingly common due to public policies aimed at reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The present review aims to shed light on these issues by describing how viral infections and stress affect mental health. First, we describe the multi-level mechanisms linking viral infection and life stress exposure with risk for psychopathology. Then, we summarize how resilience can be enhanced by targeting vagus nerve function by, for example, applying transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and targeting lifestyle factors, such as exercise. With these biopsychosocial insights in mind, researchers and healthcare professionals will be better equipped to reduce risk for psychopathology and increase resilience during this challenging pandemic period and beyond.
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63
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Susceptibility of Women to Cardiovascular Disease and the Prevention Potential of Mind-Body Intervention by Changes in Neural Circuits and Cardiovascular Physiology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050708. [PMID: 34068722 PMCID: PMC8151888 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Women have been reported to be more vulnerable to the development, prognosis and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, yet the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and strategies to overcome them are still relatively undeveloped. Studies show that women's brains are more sensitive to factors affecting mental health such as depression and stress than men's brains. In women, poor mental health increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, and conversely, cardiovascular disease increases the incidence of mental illness such as depression. In connection with mental health and cardiovascular health, the presence of gender differences in brain activation, cortisol secretion, autonomic nervous system, vascular health and inflammatory response has been observed. This connection suggests that strategies to manage women's mental health can contribute to preventing cardiovascular disease. Mind-body interventions, such as meditation, yoga and qigong are forms of exercise that strive to actively manage both mind and body. They can provide beneficial effects on stress reduction and mental health. They are also seen as structurally and functionally changing the brain, as well as affecting cortisol secretion, blood pressure, heart rate variability, immune reactions and reducing menopausal symptoms, thus positively affecting women's cardiovascular health. In this review, we investigate the link between mental health, brain activation, HPA axis, autonomic nervous system, blood pressure and immune system associated with cardiovascular health in women and discuss the effects of mind-body intervention in modulating these factors.
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64
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Doney E, Cadoret A, Dion-Albert L, Lebel M, Menard C. Inflammation-driven brain and gut barrier dysfunction in stress and mood disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2851-2894. [PMID: 33876886 PMCID: PMC9290537 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of emotions is generally associated exclusively with the brain. However, there is evidence that peripheral systems are also involved in mood, stress vulnerability vs. resilience, and emotion‐related memory encoding. Prevalence of stress and mood disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and post‐traumatic stress disorder is increasing in our modern societies. Unfortunately, 30%–50% of individuals respond poorly to currently available treatments highlighting the need to further investigate emotion‐related biology to gain mechanistic insights that could lead to innovative therapies. Here, we provide an overview of inflammation‐related mechanisms involved in mood regulation and stress responses discovered using animal models. If clinical studies are available, we discuss translational value of these findings including limitations. Neuroimmune mechanisms of depression and maladaptive stress responses have been receiving increasing attention, and thus, the first part is centered on inflammation and dysregulation of brain and circulating cytokines in stress and mood disorders. Next, recent studies supporting a role for inflammation‐driven leakiness of the blood–brain and gut barriers in emotion regulation and mood are highlighted. Stress‐induced exacerbated inflammation fragilizes these barriers which become hyperpermeable through loss of integrity and altered biology. At the gut level, this could be associated with dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbial communities, and alteration of the gut–brain axis which is central to production of mood‐related neurotransmitter serotonin. Novel therapeutic approaches such as anti‐inflammatory drugs, the fast‐acting antidepressant ketamine, and probiotics could directly act on the mechanisms described here improving mood disorder‐associated symptomatology. Discovery of biomarkers has been a challenging quest in psychiatry, and we end by listing promising targets worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Doney
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Alice Cadoret
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
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Łoś K, Waszkiewicz N. Biological Markers in Anxiety Disorders. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1744. [PMID: 33920547 PMCID: PMC8073190 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are one of the most commonly reported disorders in psychiatry, causing a high medical and socio-economic burden. Recently, there has been a soaring interest in the biological basis of anxiety disorders, which is reflected in an increasing number of articles related to the topic. Due to the ambiguity of the diagnosis and a large number of underdiagnosed patients, researchers are looking for laboratory tests that could facilitate the diagnosis of anxiety disorders in clinical practice and would allow for the earliest possible implementation of appropriate treatment. Such potential biomarkers may also be useable in monitoring the efficacy of pharmacological therapy for anxiety disorders. Therefore this article reviews the literature of potential biomarkers such as components of saliva, peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and neuroimaging studies. There are promising publications in the literature that can be useful. The most valuable and promising markers of saliva are cortisol, lysozyme, and α-amylase (sAA). In the blood, in turn, we can distinguish serotonin, brain-derived serum neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cortisol, and microRNA. Structural changes in the amygdala and hippocampus are promising neuroimaging markers, while in CSF, potential markers include oxytocin and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Unfortunately, research in the field of biomarkers is hampered by insufficient knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of anxiety disorders, the significant heterogeneity of anxiety disorders, frequent comorbidities, and low specificity of biomarkers. The development of appropriate biomarker panels and their assessment using new approaches may have the prospective to overcome the above-mentioned obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Łoś
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, Plac Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland;
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Powell-Wiley TM, Dey AK, Rivers JP, Chaturvedi A, Andrews MR, Ceasar JN, Claudel SE, Mitchell VM, Ayers C, Tamura K, Gutierrez-Huerta CA, Teague HL, Oeser SG, Goyal A, Joshi AA, Collins BS, Baumer Y, Chung ST, Sumner AE, Playford MP, Tawakol A, Mehta NN. Chronic Stress-Related Neural Activity Associates With Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in a Community-Based Cohort: Data From the Washington, D.C. Cardiovascular Health and Needs Assessment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:599341. [PMID: 33778019 PMCID: PMC7988194 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.599341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psychosocial stress correlates with cardiovascular (CV) events; however, associations between physiologic measures of stressors and CVD remain incompletely understood, especially in racial/ethnic minority populations in resource-limited neighborhoods. We examined associations between chronic stress-related neural activity, measured by amygdalar 18Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) uptake, and aortic vascular FDG uptake (arterial inflammation measure) in a community-based cohort. Methods: Forty participants from the Washington, DC CV Health and Needs Assessment (DC-CHNA), a study of a predominantly African-American population in resource-limited urban areas and 25 healthy volunteers underwent detailed phenotyping, including 18FDG PET/CT for assessing amygdalar activity (AmygA), vascular FDG uptake, and hematopoietic (leukopoietic) tissue activity. Mediation analysis was used to test whether the link between AmygA and vascular FDG uptake was mediated by hematopoietic activity. Results: AmygA (1.11 ± 0.09 vs. 1.05 ± 0.09, p = 0.004) and vascular FDG uptake (1.63 ± 0.22 vs. 1.55 ± 0.17, p = 0.05) were greater in the DC-CHNA cohort compared to volunteers. Within the DC-CHNA cohort, AmygA associated with vascular FDG uptake after adjustment for Framingham score and body mass index (β = 0.41, p = 0.015). The AmygA and aortic vascular FDG uptake relationship was in part mediated by splenic (20.2%) and bone marrow (11.8%) activity. Conclusions: AmygA, or chronic stress-related neural activity, associates with subclinical CVD risk in a community-based cohort. This may in part be mediated by the hematopoietic system. Our findings of this hypothesis-generating study are suggestive of a potential relationship between chronic stress-related neural activity and subclinical CVD in an African American community-based population. Taken together, these findings suggest a potential mechanism by which chronic psychosocial stress, such as stressors that can be experienced in adverse social conditions, promotes greater cardiovascular risk amongst resource-limited, community-based populations most impacted by cardiovascular health disparities. However, larger prospective studies examining these findings in other racially and ethnically diverse populations are necessary to confirm and extend these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Amit K Dey
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joshua P Rivers
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Abhishek Chaturvedi
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marcus R Andrews
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joniqua N Ceasar
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sophie E Claudel
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Valerie M Mitchell
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Colby Ayers
- Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kosuke Tamura
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cristhian A Gutierrez-Huerta
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heather L Teague
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steffen G Oeser
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aditya Goyal
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aditya A Joshi
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Billy S Collins
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephanie T Chung
- Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anne E Sumner
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Martin P Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Beyer DKE, Mattukat A, Freund N. Prefrontal dopamine D1 receptor manipulation influences anxiety behavior and induces neuroinflammation within the hippocampus. Int J Bipolar Disord 2021; 9:9. [PMID: 33683478 PMCID: PMC7940461 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-020-00212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prefrontal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) mediates behavior related to anxiety, reward and memory, and is involved in inflammatory processes, all of which are affected in bipolar disorder. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is increased in patients with bipolar disorder in plasma samples, imaging studies and postmortem tissue and is an indicator for an inflammatory state. We could previously show that lentiviral overexpression of D1R in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male adult rats and its termination induces bipolar disorder-like behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate anxiety and the role of the immune system, specifically IL-6 positive neurons in this animal model. Due to its high density of inflammatory mediator receptors and therewith sensibility to immune activation, the hippocampus was investigated. Methods Expression of the gene for D1R in glutamatergic neurons within the mPFC of male, adult rats was manipulated through an inducible lentiviral vector. Animals over-expressing the gene (mania-like state), after termination of the expression (depressive-like) and their respective control groups were investigated. Anxiety behavior was studied in the elevated plus maze and marble burying test. Furthermore, IL-6-positive cells were counted within several subregions of the hippocampus. Results D1R manipulation in the mPFC had only mild effects on anxiety behavior in the elevated plus maze. However, subjects after termination buried more marbles compared to D1R over-expressing animals and their respective control animals indicating elevated anxiety behavior. In addition, animals in the depressive-like state showed higher numbers of IL-6 positive cells reflecting an elevated pro-inflammatory state in the hippocampus, in the CA3 and dentate gyrus. Consistently, inflammatory state in the whole hippocampus and anxiety behavior correlated positively, indicating a connection between anxiety and inflammatory state of the hippocampus. Conclusions Behavioral and neurobiological findings support the association of manipulation of the D1R in the mPFC on anxiety and inflammation in the hippocampus. In addition, by confirming changes in the inflammatory state, the proposed animal model for bipolar disorder has been further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik K E Beyer
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, Alexandrinenstr.1, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Mattukat
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, Alexandrinenstr.1, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, Alexandrinenstr.1, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
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Dutcher JM, Boyle CC, Eisenberger NI, Cole SW, Bower JE. Neural responses to threat and reward and changes in inflammation following a mindfulness intervention. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 125:105114. [PMID: 33360032 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mindfulness meditation has been shown to reduce distress and increase well-being among individuals with chronic disease, including breast cancer survivors. However, the neural correlates of these changes and their links with inflammatory biology are not yet known. The present study examined whether a mindfulness meditation intervention was associated with changes in neural responses to threat and reward from pre- to post-intervention, and whether those neural changes were associated with changes in markers of inflammation in breast cancer survivors. METHODS This was a single-arm trial of a standardized, validated 6-week mindfulness meditation intervention. Participants were 20 women who had been diagnosed and treated for early-stage breast cancer. Participants provided peripheral blood samples and underwent a 90-minute neuroimaging scan before and after the intervention, with a focus on tasks known to elicit activity in threat- and reward-related neural regions. RESULTS There were significant changes in neural responses to the two tasks of interest from pre to post-intervention (ps < 0.042). Participants showed significant reductions in amygdala activity in response to threatening images and significant increases in ventral striatum activity to rewarding images from pre- to post-intervention. Although changes in amygdala activity were not correlated with inflammatory markers, increases in ventral striatum activity were correlated with decreases in circulating concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the inflammatory marker CRP. CONCLUSIONS These results, while preliminary, suggest that while a mindfulness meditation intervention can alter neural responses to both threat and nonsocial reward-related stimuli, changes in neural reward activity may be more closely linked to changes in circulating levels of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Dutcher
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Chloe C Boyle
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, United States
| | - Naomi I Eisenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Steve W Cole
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, United States; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, United States
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, United States
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Smith CJ, Bilbo SD. Sickness and the Social Brain: Love in the Time of COVID. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:633664. [PMID: 33692712 PMCID: PMC7937950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.633664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly social species, inclusion in social networks and the presence of strong social bonds are critical to our health and well-being. Indeed, impaired social functioning is a component of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, our social networks are at risk of fracture and many are vulnerable to the negative consequences of social isolation. Importantly, infection itself leads to changes in social behavior as a component of "sickness behavior." Furthermore, as in the case of COVID-19, males and females often differ in their immunological response to infection, and, therefore, in their susceptibility to negative outcomes. In this review, we discuss the many ways in which infection changes social behavior-sometimes to the benefit of the host, and in some instances for the sake of the pathogen-in species ranging from eusocial insects to humans. We also explore the neuroimmune mechanisms by which these changes in social behavior occur. Finally, we touch upon the ways in which the social environment (group living, social isolation, etc.) shapes the immune system and its ability to respond to challenge. Throughout we emphasize how males and females differ in their response to immune activation, both behaviorally and physiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Smith
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Inagaki TK, Meyer ML. Individual differences in resting-state connectivity and giving social support: implications for health. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:1076-1085. [PMID: 31269205 PMCID: PMC7657449 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation for the health benefits of giving support, though variability in such behavior exists. Based on the possibility that the dorsomedial (DMPFC) default network subsystem is associated with social thinking and behavior, integrity of this subsystem may facilitate giving support to others. The current study tested associations between DMPFC subsystem connectivity at rest and tendencies related to giving support. During a functional magnetic resonance imaging session, 45 participants completed an emotional social cues task, a resting-state scan and self-report measures of social support. Supportive behavior during the month following the scan was also assessed. Greater DMPFC subsystem connectivity at rest was associated with greater support giving (though not receiving or perceiving support) at the time of the scan and one month later. Results held after adjusting for extraversion. In addition, greater resting-state DMPFC subsystem connectivity was associated with attenuated dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula and amygdala activity to others’ negative emotional social cues, suggesting that DMPFC subsystem integrity at rest is also associated with the dampened withdrawal response proposed to facilitate care for others in need. Together, results begin to hint at an additional role for the ‘default’ social brain: giving support to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristen K Inagaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Meghan L Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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71
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Sociopolitical stress and acute cardiovascular disease hospitalizations around the 2016 presidential election. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27054-27058. [PMID: 33046627 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012096117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests that stressors may trigger the onset of acute cardiovascular disease (CVD) events within hours to days, but there has been limited research around sociopolitical events such as presidential elections. Among adults ≥18 y of age in Kaiser Permanente Southern California, hospitalization rates for acute CVD were compared in the time period immediately prior to and following the 2016 presidential election date. Hospitalization for CVD was defined as an inpatient or emergency department discharge diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or stroke using International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated comparing CVD rates in the 2 d following the 2016 election to rates in the same 2 d of the prior week. In a secondary analysis, AMI and stroke were analyzed separately. The rate of CVD events in the 2 d after the 2016 presidential election (573.14 per 100,000 person-years [PY]) compared to the rate in the window prior to the 2016 election (353.75 per 100,000 PY) was 1.62 times higher (95% CI 1.17, 2.25). Results were similar across sex, age, and race/ethnicity groups. The RRs were similar for AMI (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.00, 2.76) and stroke (RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.03, 2.44) separately. Transiently heightened cardiovascular risk around the 2016 election may be attributable to sociopolitical stress. Further research is needed to understand the intersection between major sociopolitical events, perceived stress, and acute CVD events.
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72
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Molecular insights into the therapeutic promise of targeting HMGB1 in depression. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:31-42. [PMID: 33015736 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder, the exact pathogenesis of which is still elusive. Studies have proposed that immunity disproportion and enhancement in proinflammatory cytokines might be linked with the development of depression. HMGB1 (High-mobility group box (1) protein has obtained more interest as an essential factor in inherent immune reactions and a regulating factor in various inflammation-related diseases. HMGB1 is a ubiquitous chromatin protein and is constitutively expressed in nucleated mammalian cells. HMGB1 is released by glial cells and neurons upon inflammasome activation and act as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. HMGB1 is a late mediator of inflammation and has been indicated as a major mediator in various neuroinflammatory diseases. Microglia, which is the brain immune cell, is stimulated by HMGB1 and released inflammatory mediators and induces chronic neurodegeneration in the CNS (central nervous system). In the current review, we aimed to investigate the role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of depression. The studies found that HMGB1 functions as proinflammatory cytokines primarily via binding receptors like RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end product), TLR2 and TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 2 and 4). Further, HMGB1 added to the preparing impacts of stress-pretreatment and assumed a major function in neurodegenerative conditions through moderating neuroinflammation. Studies demonstrated that neuroinflammation played a major role in the development of depression. The patients of depression generally exhibited an elevated amount of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum, microglia activation and neuronal deficit in the CNS.
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73
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Won E, Kim YK. Neuroinflammation-Associated Alterations of the Brain as Potential Neural Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186546. [PMID: 32906843 PMCID: PMC7555994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced changes in the immune system, which lead to neuroinflammation and consequent brain alterations, have been suggested as possible neurobiological substrates of anxiety disorders, with previous literature predominantly focusing on panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder, among the anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders have frequently been associated with chronic stress, with chronically stressful situations being reported to precipitate the onset of anxiety disorders. Also, chronic stress has been reported to lead to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system disruption, which may in turn induce systemic proinflammatory conditions. Preliminary evidence suggests anxiety disorders are also associated with increased inflammation. Systemic inflammation can access the brain, and enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine levels that have been shown to precipitate direct and indirect neurotoxic effects. Prefrontal and limbic structures are widely reported to be influenced by neuroinflammatory conditions. In concordance with these findings, various imaging studies on panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder have reported alterations in structure, function, and connectivity of prefrontal and limbic structures. Further research is needed on the use of inflammatory markers and brain imaging in the early diagnosis of anxiety disorders, along with the possible efficacy of anti-inflammatory interventions on the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Won
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea;
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-412-5140; Fax: +82-31-412-5144
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Sepsis-Associated Brain Dysfunction: A Review of Current Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165852. [PMID: 32806705 PMCID: PMC7460246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated brain dysfunction (SABD) may be the most common type of encephalopathy in critically ill patients. SABD develops in up to 70% of septic patients and represents the most frequent organ insufficiency associated with sepsis. It presents with a plethora of acute neurological features and may have several serious long-term psychiatric consequences. SABD might cause various pathological changes in the brain through numerous mechanisms. Clinical neurological examination is the basic screening method for SABD, although it may be challenging in subjects receiving with opioids and sedative agents. As electrographic seizures and periodic discharges might be present in 20% of septic patients, screening with electroencephalography (EEG) might be useful. Several imaging techniques have been suggested for non-invasive assessment of structure and function of the brain in SABD patients; however, their usefulness is rather limited. Although several experimental therapies have been postulated, at the moment, no specific treatment exists. Clinicians should focus on preventive measures and optimal management of sepsis. This review discusses epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prevention of SABD.
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Inagaki TK, Brietzke S, Meyer ML. The Resting Brain Sets Support-Giving in Motion: Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Momentary Rest Primes Supportive Responding. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa081. [PMID: 34296139 PMCID: PMC8152835 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans give support, care, and assistance to others on a daily basis. However, the brain mechanisms that set such supportive behavior in motion are unknown. Based on previous findings demonstrating that activity in a portion of the brain’s default network—the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC)—during brief rest primes social thinking and behavior, momentary fluctuations in this brain region at rest may prime supportive responding. To test this hypothesis, 26 participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they alternated between deciding whether to give support to a close other in financial need, receive support for themselves, and make arbitrary decisions unrelated to support. Decisions were interleaved with brief periods of rest. Results showed that, within participants, spontaneous activity in the DMPFC during momentary periods of rest primed supportive-responding: greater activity in this region at the onset of a brief period of rest predicted, on a trial-by-trial basis, faster decisions to give support to the close other. Thus, activating the DMPFC as soon as our minds are free from external demands to attention may help individuals “default” to support-giving. Implications for understanding the prosocial functions of the resting brain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristen K Inagaki
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Brietzke
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Meghan L Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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76
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Dagan Y, Yager J. Cannabis and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Narrative Review With Considerations of Benefits and Harms. J Nerv Ment Dis 2020; 208:619-627. [PMID: 32433200 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial controversies concerning patients' reports of benefits from cannabis for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and inconsistent research findings regarding its efficacy and adverse risks, some states have already recognized PTSD as a qualifying condition for medical cannabis. Consequently, medical cannabis can also be provided for patients with complex PTSD who experience additional posttraumatic symptoms of affective dysregulation, negative perception of the self, and difficulties in relationships due to a history of repetitive trauma. In this article, we explore cannabis use in relation to benefits versus harms that might occur relative to specific complex PTSD symptoms and comorbidities. Whereas some symptoms related to PTSD per se (e.g., anxiety, insomnia, nightmares) may be benefited, others that are more characteristic of complex PTSD (e.g., dissociation, reckless behavior, and substance abuse associated with dysregulated affect) may be aggravated. Therefore, clinicians treating patients with complex PTSD who use or seek cannabis should carefully assess patients' motivations and the impacts of particular use patterns on specific symptoms. Clinicians and patients should be aware of and fully discuss the significant number of potential adverse effects of cannabis use, several of which might impede patients' participation in beneficial psychotherapeutic, social, and medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Dagan
- Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Kfar Shaul Psychiatric Hospital affiliated with The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joel Yager
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Furtado GE, Caldo A, Vieira-Pedrosa A, Letieri RV, Hogervorst E, Teixeira AM, Ferreira JP. Emotional Well-Being and Cognitive Function Have Robust Relationship With Physical Frailty in Institutionalized Older Women. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1568. [PMID: 32765358 PMCID: PMC7378677 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Frailty associated to core dimensions of psychological well-being (PwB) has appeared as a possible new frailty phenotype named psychological frailty, implying a parallel to physical frailty (PF). Very little is known about the associations between mental well-being, especially emotional, mood, and self-perception dimensions, and the frailty syndrome in institutionalized older populations. The present study aims to examine the interlink between the PF phenotype and the core dimensions of PwB in Portuguese institution-dwelling older women. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected. A total of 358 older women, aged 75 years or more, were recruited from four nursing homes within the city of Coimbra and asked to complete a sociodemographic and a general health assessment survey. The main PwB dimensions were assessed in all participants: (i) global cognitive status was assessed using The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Neuropsychology Test, (ii) self-perception was screened using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Global Self-Esteem Scale, (iii) CES-D of depression and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used to screen mood states, and (iv) subjective happiness, satisfaction with life, and attitudes to aging psychometric rating scales were used to screen for emotional well-being. The syndrome of PF was assessed using Fried’s PF phenotype that includes weight loss, weakness, slowness, exhaustion, and low physical activity (PA) level assessments. Results Frail older women had a poor score in all PwB outcomes, except for global self-esteem and satisfaction with life. A hierarchical regression model analysis showed that global cognitive status and emotional well-being of subjective happiness and attitude to aging showed a significant negative relationship with PF in both unadjusted and adjusted models (explaining 34 and 40% of variance, respectively). Conclusion Emotional well-being and global cognitive performance are strongly associated with PF. Implementing active lifestyle interventions to improve positive psychological outcomes using geriatric assessments could assist in the older institutionalized patients’ physical and mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- University of Coimbra - Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education (FCDEF-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Caldo
- University of Coimbra - Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education (FCDEF-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Vieira-Pedrosa
- University of Coimbra - Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education (FCDEF-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rubens Vinícius Letieri
- Multidisciplinary Research Nucleus in Physical Education (NIMEF), Physical Education Department, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Tocantinópolis, Brazil
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- Applied Cognitive Research NCSEM, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- University of Coimbra - Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education (FCDEF-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- University of Coimbra - Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education (FCDEF-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
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Kokkosis AG, Tsirka SE. Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Sex/Gender-Dependent Effects in the Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:175-192. [PMID: 32661057 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.266163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune mechanisms have emerged as critical regulators of CNS homeostasis and mental health. A plethora of immunologic factors have been reported to interact with emotion- and behavior-related neuronal circuits, modulating susceptibility and resilience to mental disorders. However, it remains unclear whether immune dysregulation is a cardinal causal factor or an outcome of the pathologies associated with mental disorders. Emerging variations in immune regulatory pathways based on sex differences provide an additional framework for discussion in these psychiatric disorders. In this review, we present the current literature pertaining to the effects that disrupted immune pathways have in mental disorder pathophysiology, including immune dysregulation in CNS and periphery, microglial activation, and disturbances of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, we present the suggested origins of such immune dysregulation and discuss the gender and sex influence of the neuroimmune substrates that contribute to mental disorders. The findings challenge the conventional view of these disorders and open the window to a diverse spectrum of innovative therapeutic targets that focus on the immune-specific pathophenotypes in neuronal circuits and behavior. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The involvement of gender-dependent inflammatory mechanisms on the development of mental pathologies is gaining momentum. This review addresses these novel factors and presents the accumulating evidence introducing microglia and proinflammatory elements as critical components and potential targets for the treatment of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros G Kokkosis
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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79
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Anderson G. Integrating Pathophysiology in Migraine: Role of the Gut Microbiome and Melatonin. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3550-3562. [PMID: 31538885 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190920114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathoetiology and pathophysiology of migraine are widely accepted as unknown. METHODS The current article reviews the wide array of data associated with the biological underpinnings of migraine and provides a framework that integrates previously disparate bodies of data. RESULTS The importance of alterations in stress- and pro-inflammatory cytokine- induced gut dysbiosis, especially butyrate production, are highlighted. This is linked to a decrease in the availability of melatonin, and a relative increase in the N-acetylserotonin/melatonin ratio, which has consequences for the heightened glutamatergic excitatory transmission in migraine. It is proposed that suboptimal mitochondria functioning and metabolic regulation drive alterations in astrocytes and satellite glial cells that underpin the vasoregulatory and nociceptive changes in migraine. CONCLUSION This provides a framework not only for classical migraine associated factors, such as calcitonin-gene related peptide and serotonin, but also for wider factors in the developmental pathoetiology of migraine. A number of future research and treatment implications arise, including the clinical utilization of sodium butyrate and melatonin in the management of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, United Kingdom
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80
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Quinones MM, Gallegos AM, Lin FV, Heffner K. Dysregulation of inflammation, neurobiology, and cognitive function in PTSD: an integrative review. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:455-480. [PMID: 32170605 PMCID: PMC7682894 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence from animal and human research suggest a strong link between inflammation and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, recent findings support compromised neurocognitive function as a key feature of PTSD, particularly with deficits in attention and processing speed, executive function, and memory. These cognitive domains are supported by brain structures and neural pathways that are disrupted in PTSD and which are implicated in fear learning and extinction processes. The disruption of these supporting structures potentially results from their interaction with inflammation. Thus, the converging evidence supports a model of inflammatory dysregulation and cognitive dysfunction as combined mechanisms underpinning PTSD symptomatology. In this review, we summarize evidence of dysregulated inflammation in PTSD and further explore how the neurobiological underpinnings of PTSD, in the context of fear learning and extinction acquisition and recall, may interact with inflammation. We then present evidence for cognitive dysfunction in PTSD, highlighting findings from human work. Potential therapeutic approaches utilizing novel pharmacological and behavioral interventions that target inflammation and cognition also are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Quinones
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Autumn M Gallegos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Feng Vankee Lin
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kathi Heffner
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Division of Geriatrics & Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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81
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Tawakol A, Osborne MT, Wang Y, Hammed B, Tung B, Patrich T, Oberfeld B, Ishai A, Shin LM, Nahrendorf M, Warner ET, Wasfy J, Fayad ZA, Koenen K, Ridker PM, Pitman RK, Armstrong KA. Stress-Associated Neurobiological Pathway Linking Socioeconomic Disparities to Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 73:3243-3255. [PMID: 31248544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower socioeconomic status (SES) associates with a higher risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) via mechanisms that are not well understood. OBJECTIVES Because psychosocial stress is more prevalent among those with low SES, this study tested the hypothesis that stress-associated neurobiological pathways involving up-regulated inflammation in part mediate the link between lower SES and MACE. METHODS A total of 509 individuals, median age 55 years (interquartile range: 45 to 66 years), underwent clinically indicated whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging and met pre-defined inclusion criteria, including absence of known cardiovascular disease or active cancer. Baseline hematopoietic tissue activity, arterial inflammation, and in a subset of 289, resting amygdalar metabolism (a measure of stress-associated neural activity) were quantified using validated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography methods. SES was captured by neighborhood SES factors (e.g., median household income and crime). MACE within 5 years of imaging was adjudicated. RESULTS Over a median 4.0 years, 40 individuals experienced MACE. Baseline income inversely associated with amygdalar activity (standardized β: -0.157 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.266 to -0.041]; p = 0.007) and arterial inflammation (β: -0.10 [95% CI: -0.18 to -0.14]; p = 0.022). Further, income associated with subsequent MACE (standardized hazard ratio: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.47 to 0.96]; p = 0.029) after multivariable adjustments. Mediation analysis demonstrated that the path of: ↓ neighborhood income to ↑ amygdalar activity to ↑ bone marrow activity to ↑ arterial inflammation to ↑ MACE was significant (β: -0.01 [95% CI: -0.06 to -0.001]; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lower SES: 1) associates with higher amygdalar activity; and 2) independently predicts MACE via a serial pathway that includes higher amygdalar activity, bone marrow activity, and arterial inflammation. These findings illuminate a stress-associated neurobiological mechanism by which SES disparities may potentiate adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Michael T Osborne
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying Wang
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Basma Hammed
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian Tung
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tomas Patrich
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Blake Oberfeld
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amorina Ishai
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa M Shin
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica T Warner
- Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason Wasfy
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Karestan Koenen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Cardiology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roger K Pitman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katrina A Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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82
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Sun J, Lu Y, Yang J, Song Z, Lu W, Wang JH. mRNA and microRNA Profiles in the Amygdala Are Relevant to Susceptibility and Resilience to Psychological Stress Induced in Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1771-1796. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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83
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Community violence and cellular and cytokine indicators of inflammation in adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 115:104628. [PMID: 32145570 PMCID: PMC7767083 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood violence is associated with a range of health consequences but little is known about the biological processes involved. Research in disease pathogenesis has identified low-grade inflammation as a process that, beginning in the first decades of life, is both induced by chronic stress and a contributor to multiple cardiometabolic diseases that present throughout the lifecourse. Previous research has examined whether neighborhood violence is associated with inflammatory biomarkers, but has been limited to cytokine indicators of inflammation. In a sample of adolescents (n = 203) residing in Chicago, we tested cross-sectional associations between neighborhood violence and cellular and cytokine indicators of inflammation. Neighborhood-level violence was measured in multiple ways (as murder rates of Census block groups and as the sum of homicides within 1 and ½ mile zones) in the areas surrounding where youth lived and attended school. At the individual level, violence exposure was measured by self-report (direct victimization, witnessing violence, and/or victimization of family or friends in the past year). Adolescents residing in high-violence neighborhoods evidenced higher numbers of pro-inflammatory classical (CD14++CD16-) monocytes relative to those in less violent neighborhoods. In contrast, neighborhood-level violence was not consistently associated with cytokine levels across different model specifications. Self-reported violence exposure was also not consistently associated with inflammatory biomarkers. Neighborhood-level violence and self-reported violence exposure interacted, such that the positive association between neighborhood-level violence and classical monocytes was observed only among adolescents who reported being exposed to violence. Associations were largely specific to the neighborhoods in which youth lived as opposed to those in which they attended school. Findings provide the first evidence that youth residing in high-violence neighborhoods show mobilization of classical monocytes, suggesting a pro-inflammatory mechanism through which contextual stressors such as neighborhood violence may compromise health.
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Prinstein MJ, Giletta M. Future Directions in Peer Relations Research. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 49:556-572. [PMID: 32347752 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1756299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peer relationships among youth have been examined as predictors of mental health outcomes for at least fifty years, revealing dozens of discrete peer constructs that each are associated with adjustment in childhood, adolescence, and later in adulthood. Future research may benefit by examining a range of new outcomes and psychological processes that have been discussed recently in related literatures. This paper reviews recent research on interpersonal determinants of physical health outcomes, and opportunities for greater examination of 1) peer influence processes toward health risk behaviors; 2) neural correlates of peer adversity; 3) adverse peer experiences that may affect physiological markers of stress response; and 4) immune system markers of peer adversity. Additional future directions include the study of differences in the forms and functions of peer interactions within the digital age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Matteo Giletta
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University.,Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University
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85
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Mazeraud A, Righy C, Bouchereau E, Benghanem S, Bozza FA, Sharshar T. Septic-Associated Encephalopathy: a Comprehensive Review. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:392-403. [PMID: 32378026 PMCID: PMC7283452 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a key manifestation of sepsis, ranging from delirium to coma and occurring in up to 70% of patients admitted to the ICU. SAE is associated with higher ICU and hospital mortality, and also with poorer long-term outcomes, including cognitive and functional outcomes. The pathophysiology of SAE is complex, and it may involve neurotransmitter dysfunction, inflammatory and ischemic lesions to the brain, microglial activation, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Delirium (which is included in the SAE spectrum) is mostly diagnosed with validated scales in the ICU population. There is no established treatment for SAE; benzodiazepines should generally be avoided in this setting. Nonpharmacological prevention and management is key for treating SAE; it includes avoiding oversedation (mainly with benzodiazepines), early mobilization, and sleep promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Mazeraud
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia Department, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Cássia Righy
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia Department, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paul Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eleonore Bouchereau
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia Department, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Benghanem
- Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin, Paris, France
| | | | - Tarek Sharshar
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia Department, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.
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86
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Luo L, Sun T, Yang L, Liu A, Liu QQ, Tian QQ, Wang Y, Zhao MG, Yang Q. Scopoletin ameliorates anxiety-like behaviors in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced mouse model. Mol Brain 2020; 13:15. [PMID: 32019580 PMCID: PMC7001522 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-0560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorder is highly prevalent worldwide and represents a chronic and functionally disabling condition, with high levels of psychological stress characterized by cognitive and physiological symptoms. Scopoletin (SP), a main active compound in Angelica dahurica, is traditionally used for the treatment of headache, rhinitis, pain, and other conditions. Here, we evaluated the effects of SP in a mouse model of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammation anxiety. SP (2.0, 10.0, 50.0 mg/kg) administration for 2 weeks dose-dependently ameliorated CFA-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the open field test and elevated plus maze test. Moreover, we found that SP treatment inhibited microglia activation and decreased both peripheral and central IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the imbalance in excitatory/inhibitory receptors and neurotransmitters in the basolateral nucleus after CFA injection was also modulated by SP administration. Our findings indicate that the inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways involving anti-inflammatory activities and regulation of the excitatory/inhibitory balance can be attributed to the anxiolytic effects of SP. Moreover, our molecular docking analyses show that SP also has good affinity for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase and GABAA receptors. Therefore, these results suggest that SP could be a candidate compound for anxiolytic therapy and for use as a structural base for developing new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Le Yang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - An Liu
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qing-Qing Liu
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qin-Qin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Center, No. 986 Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Qi Yang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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87
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Ge F, Yuan M, Li Y, Zhang W. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alterations in Resting Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:9-20. [PMID: 31995968 PMCID: PMC6992856 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The functions of both the central and peripheral autonomic nervous system, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), are affected by psychology and physiology. This review summarizes the results of studies comparing the evaluation of HRV parameters between individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and healthy controls. METHODS Eligible studies (n=499) were identified through literature searches of the EMBASE, Medline, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Nineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. A random effects model was used, and standardized mean differences for highfrequency HRV(HF-HRV), low-frequency HRV(LF-HRV) and the root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) were calculated. RESULTS Significant effects were found for HF-HRV [p<0.0001, Z=4.18; Hedges'g=-1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-2.32, -0.84); k=14] and RMSSD [p<0.00001, Z=4.80; Hedges'g=-1.96, 95% CI (-2.76, -1.16); k=9] relative to healthy controls. Considerable heterogeneity was revealed, but the main effects for HF-HRV and RMSSD were robust in subsequent meta-regression and subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION Given the relationships among low vagal state, inflammation, and alterations in brain structure and function, including executive function and emotion regulation, reduced HRV may be regarded as an endophenotype in PTSD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Ge
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- Embedded System and Intelligent Computing Laboratory, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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88
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Lever-van Milligen BA, Verhoeven JE, Schmaal L, van Velzen LS, Révész D, Black CN, Han LKM, Horsfall M, Batelaan NM, van Balkom AJLM, van Schaik DJF, van Oppen P, Penninx BWJH. The impact of depression and anxiety treatment on biological aging and metabolic stress: study protocol of the MOod treatment with antidepressants or running (MOTAR) study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:425. [PMID: 31888565 PMCID: PMC6937704 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive and anxiety disorders have shown to be associated to premature or advanced biological aging and consequently to adversely impact somatic health. Treatments with antidepressant medication or running therapy are both found to be effective for many but not all patients with mood and anxiety disorders. These interventions may, however, work through different pathophysiological mechanisms and could differ in their impact on biological aging and somatic health. This study protocol describes the design of an unique intervention study that examines whether both treatments are similarly effective in reducing or reversing biological aging (primary outcome), psychiatric status, metabolic stress and neurobiological indicators (secondary outcomes). METHODS The MOod Treatment with Antidepressants or Running (MOTAR) study will recruit a total of 160 patients with a current major depressive and/or anxiety disorder in a mental health care setting. Patients will receive a 16-week treatment with either antidepressant medication or running therapy (3 times/week). Patients will undergo the treatment of their preference and a subsample will be randomized (1:1) to overcome preference bias. An additional no-disease-no-treatment group of 60 healthy controls without lifetime psychopathology, will be included as comparison group for primary and secondary outcomes at baseline. Assessments are done at week 0 for patients and controls, and at week 16 and week 52 for patients only, including written questionnaires, a psychiatric and medical examination, blood, urine and saliva collection and a cycle ergometer test, to gather information about biological aging (telomere length and telomerase activity), mental health (depression and anxiety disorder characteristics), general fitness, metabolic stress-related biomarkers (inflammation, metabolic syndrome, cortisol) and genetic determinants. In addition, neurobiological alterations in brain processes will be assessed using structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in a subsample of at least 25 patients per treatment arm and in all controls. DISCUSSION This intervention study aims to provide a better understanding of the impact of antidepressant medication and running therapy on biological aging, metabolic stress and neurobiological indicators in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders in order to guide a more personalized medicine treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trialregister.nl Number of identification: NTR3460, May 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A. Lever-van Milligen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josine E. Verhoeven
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura S. van Velzen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dóra Révész
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine N. Black
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura K. M. Han
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melany Horsfall
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje M. Batelaan
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J. L. M. van Balkom
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Digna J. F. van Schaik
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia van Oppen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Andreescu C, Ajilore O, Aizenstein HJ, Albert K, Butters MA, Landman BA, Karim HT, Krafty R, Taylor WD. Disruption of Neural Homeostasis as a Model of Relapse and Recurrence in Late-Life Depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:1316-1330. [PMID: 31477459 PMCID: PMC6842700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The significant public health burden associated with late-life depression (LLD) is magnified by the high rates of recurrence. In this manuscript, we review what is known about recurrence risk factors, conceptualize recurrence within a model of homeostatic disequilibrium, and discuss the potential significance and challenges of new research into LLD recurrence. The proposed model is anchored in the allostatic load theory of stress. We review the allostatic response characterized by neural changes in network function and connectivity and physiologic changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, immune system, and circadian rhythm. We discuss the role of neural networks' instability following treatment response as a source of downstream disequilibrium, triggering and/or amplifying abnormal stress response, cognitive dysfunction and behavioral changes, ultimately precipitating a full-blown recurrent episode of depression. We propose strategies to identify and capture early change points that signal recurrence risk through mobile technology to collect ecologically measured symptoms, accompanied by automated algorithms that monitor for state shifts (persistent worsening) and variance shifts (increased variability) relative to a patient's baseline. Identifying such change points in relevant sensor data could potentially provide an automated tool that could alert clinicians to at-risk individuals or relevant symptom changes even in a large practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Howard J. Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Kimberly Albert
- The Center for Cognitive Medicine, the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Bennett A. Landman
- Departments of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Robert Krafty
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Warren D. Taylor
- The Center for Cognitive Medicine, the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System
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90
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How Spirituality May Mitigate Against Stress and Related Mental Disorders: a Review and Preliminary Neurobiological Evidence. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-019-00195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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91
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Lu H, Surkan PJ, Irwin MR, Treisman GJ, Breen EC, Sacktor N, Stall R, Wolinsky SM, Jacobson LP, Abraham AG. Inflammation and Risk of Depression in HIV: Prospective Findings From the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:1994-2003. [PMID: 31642472 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that inflammation might be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher risk of depression and elevated inflammatory profiles. Despite this, research on the link between inflammation and depression among this high-risk population is limited. We examined a sample of men who have sex with men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in prospective analyses of the association between inflammation and clinically relevant depression symptoms, defined as scores >20 on Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. We included 1,727 participants who contributed 9,287 person-visits from 1984 to 2010 (8,218 with HIV (HIV+) and 1,069 without (HIV-)). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to characterize underlying inflammatory processes from 19 immune markers. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to evaluate associations between inflammatory processes and depressive symptoms stratified by HIV serostatus. Three EFA-identified inflammatory processes (EIPs) were identified. EIP-1 scores-described by soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNF-R2), soluble interleukin-2 receptor α (sIL-2Rα), sCD27, B-cell activating factor, interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), sCD14, and sGP130-were significantly associated with 9% higher odds of depressive symptoms in HIV+ participants (odds ratio = 1.09; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.16) and 33% higher odds in HIV- participants (odds ratio = 1.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.61). Findings suggest that immune activation might be involved in depression risk among both HIV+ and HIV- men who have sex with men.
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92
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The Pathogenesis of Sepsis and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215376. [PMID: 31671729 PMCID: PMC6862039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as “a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a host’s dysfunctional response to infection”. Although the treatment of sepsis has developed rapidly in the past few years, sepsis incidence and mortality in clinical treatment is still climbing. Moreover, because of the diverse manifestations of sepsis, clinicians continue to face severe challenges in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with sepsis. Here, we review the recent development in our understanding regarding the cellular pathogenesis and the target of clinical diagnosis of sepsis, with the goal of enhancing the current understanding of sepsis. The present state of research on targeted therapeutic drugs is also elaborated upon to provide information for the treatment of sepsis.
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93
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Stress, sex hormones, inflammation, and major depressive disorder: Extending Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression to account for sex differences in mood disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3063-3079. [PMID: 31359117 PMCID: PMC6821593 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression is a biologically plausible, multi-level theory that describes neural, physiologic, molecular, and genomic mechanisms that link experiences of social-environmental adversity with internal biological processes that drive depression pathogenesis, maintenance, and recurrence. Central to this theory is the hypothesis that interpersonal stressors involving social threat (e.g., social conflict, evaluation, rejection, isolation, and exclusion) upregulate inflammatory processes that can induce several depressive symptoms, including sad mood, anhedonia, fatigue, psychomotor retardation, and social-behavioral withdrawal. The original article describing this formulation (Psychol Bull 140:774-815, 2014) addressed critical questions involving depression onset and recurrence, as well as why depression is strongly predicted by early life stress and comorbid with anxiety disorders and certain physical disease conditions, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic pain, and cardiovascular disease. Here, we extend the theory to help explain sex differences in depression prevalence, which is a defining feature of this disorder. Central to this extension is research demonstrating that ovarian hormone fluctuations modulate women's susceptibility to stress, brain structure and function, and inflammatory activity and reactivity. These effects are evident at multiple levels and are highly context-dependent, varying as a function of several factors including sex, age, reproductive state, endogenous versus exogenous hormones, and hormone administration mode and dose. Together, these effects help explain why women are at greater risk for developing inflammation-related depressed mood and other neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders during the reproductive years, especially for those already at heightened risk for depression or in the midst of a hormonal transition period.
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94
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Mayinger M, Reibelt A, Borm KJ, Ettl J, Wilkens JJ, Combs SE, Oechsner M, Duma MN. MRI based neuroanatomical segmentation in breast cancer patients: leptomeningeal carcinomatosis vs. oligometastatic brain disease vs. multimetastastic brain disease. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:170. [PMID: 31533742 PMCID: PMC6749713 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pathogenesis of brain metastases/meningeal cancer and the emotional and neurological outcomes are not yet well understood. The hypothesis of our study is that patients with leptomeningeal cancer show volumetric differences in brain substructures compared to patients with cerebral metastases. Methods Three groups consisting of female breast cancer patients prior to brain radiotherapy were compared. Leptomeningeal cancer patients (LMC Group), oligometastatic patients (1–3 brain metastases) prior to radiosurgery (OMRS Group) and patients prior to whole brain radiation (WB Group) were included. All patients had MRI imaging before treatment. T1 MRI sequences were segmented using automatic segmentation. For each patient, 14 bilateral and 11 central/median subcortical structures were tested. Overall 1127 structures were analyzed and compared between groups using age matched two-sided t-tests. Results The average age of patients in the OMRS group was 60.8 years (± 14.7), 65.3 (± 10.3) in the LMC group and 62.6 (± 10.2) in the WB group. LMC patients showed a significantly larger fourth ventricle compared to OMRS (p = 0.001) and WB (p = 0.003). The central corpus callosum appeared smaller in the LMC group (LMC vs OMRS p = 0.01; LMC vs WB p = 0.026). The right amygdala in the WB group appeared larger compared with the OMRS (p = 0.035). Conclusions Differences in the size of brain substructures of the three groups were found. The results appear promising and should be taken into account for further prospective studies also involving healthy controls. The volumetrically determined size of the fourth ventricle might be a helpful diagnostic marker in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mayinger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Reibelt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Joachim Borm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Ettl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan J Wilkens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Elisabeth Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK)-Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy, Helmholtzzentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Oechsner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marciana Nona Duma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of the Friedrich-Schiller-University, Bachstr. 18, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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95
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Zhang H, Ding L, Shen T, Peng D. HMGB1 involved in stress-induced depression and its neuroinflammatory priming role: a systematic review. Gen Psychiatr 2019; 32:e100084. [PMID: 31552388 PMCID: PMC6738663 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2019-100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies has demonstrated that stress can cause depressive-like symptoms including anhedonia and psychomotor retardation, namely, the manifestation of motivational deficits in depression. The proximate mediator of linking social-environmental stress with internal motivational deficits remains elusive, although substantial studies proposed neural endocrine mechanisms. As an endogenous danger-associated molecule, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is necessary and sufficient for stress-induced sensitization of innate immune cells and subsequent (neuro)inflammation. Aim This review aims to provide evidence to unveil the potential mechanism of the relationship between motivational deficits and stress in depression. Methods We reviewed original case-control studies investigating the association between HMGB1-mediated inflammation and stress-induced depression. The literature search of Pubmed and Web of Science electronic database from inception up to March 28th, 2019 were conducted by two independent authors. We performed a qualitative systematic review approach to explore the correlation between HMGB1-mediated inflammation and anhedonia/psychomotor retardation in depression. Results A total of 69 studies based on search strategy were retrieved and seven eligible studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies showed that HMGB1 was implicated with depressive-like behaviors, which are similar with motivational deficits. Furthermore, HMGB1-mediated inflammation in depressive-like behaviors may be involved in Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing three (NLRP3) inflammasome and proinflammatory cytokines, abnormal kynurenine pathway and imbalance between neuroprotective and neurotoxic factors. Conclusions We found that stress-induced inflammation mediated by HMGB1 may affect motivational deficits through regulating dopamine pathway in corticostriatal neurocircuitry. The systematic review may shed light on the novel neurobiological underpinning for treatment of motivation deficits in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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96
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Nusslock R, Brody G, Armstrong C, Carroll A, Sweet LH, Yu T, Barton A, Hallowell E, Chen E, Higgins J, Parrish T, Wang L, Miller G. Higher Peripheral Inflammatory Signaling Associated With Lower Resting-State Functional Brain Connectivity in Emotion Regulation and Central Executive Networks. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:153-162. [PMID: 31054766 PMCID: PMC7430716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers document bidirectional pathways linking peripheral inflammation and neural circuitries subserving emotion processing and regulation. To extend this work, we present results from two independent studies examining the relationship between inflammation and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Study 1 involved 90 rural African American young adults, 25 years of age (52% female), and study 2 involved 82 urban African American youths, 13 to 14 years of age (66% female). Both studies measured circulating inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor alpha), and the measures were averaged to form a composite. Study 2 also enumerated classical monocytes, a key leukocyte subpopulation involved in immune-to-brain signaling. All participants completed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. RESULTS Consistent with our prediction, higher scores on the inflammatory composite were associated with lower rsFC within an emotion regulation network in study 1, controlling for sex. Study 2 replicated study 1, showing that higher scores on the inflammatory composite were associated with lower rsFC within the emotion regulation network, controlling for sex, age, and pubertal status, and found a similar pattern for rsFC within a central executive network. Study 2 also found that higher numbers of classical monocytes were associated with lower rsFC within both the emotion regulation and central executive networks. There was no relationship between rsFC in the anterior salience or default mode networks with inflammation in either study. CONCLUSIONS With these findings, we document relationships between peripheral inflammation and rsFC within an emotion regulation and central executive network and replicate these associations with the emotion regulation network across two independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nusslock
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
| | - Gene Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens GA
| | - Casey Armstrong
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL
| | - Ann Carroll
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL
| | | | - Tianyi Yu
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens GA
| | - Allen Barton
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens GA
| | | | - Edith Chen
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston IL,Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL
| | - James Higgins
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Todd Parrish
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL,Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Gregory Miller
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston IL,Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL
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97
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Peters AT, Ren X, Bessette KL, Goldstein BI, West AE, Langenecker SA, Pandey GN. Interplay between pro-inflammatory cytokines, childhood trauma, and executive function in depressed adolescents. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:1-10. [PMID: 30978658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been linked to depression, early childhood trauma, and impairment in executive function in adults. Whether these links are present during adolescence, a time when vulnerability to depression is heightened, a point more proximal to childhood trauma, and a critical period of brain development, is not well understood. METHOD Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured in 70 adolescents aged 12-17, including 40 with a DSM-IV depressive disorder (DEP), a sub-set (n = 22) of whom reported a history of childhood trauma (DEP-T), and 30 healthy controls (HCs). Participants completed performance-based (Parametric Go/No-Go Task) and observer-rated (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function) measures of executive function. Procedures were conducted at a subspecialty clinic (Dec 2015-June 2017). RESULTS IL-6 was elevated in DEP and DEP-T adolescents compared to controls (p = .014) and TNF-α was elevated in DEP participants only (p = .040) compared to controls, whereas no group differences were found in IL-1β (p = .829). Additionally, DEP-T participants demonstrated relative deficits in performance-based (p = .044) and observer-rated inhibitory control (p = .049) compared to controls. Across the whole sample, TNF-α was associated with performance-based (r = -0.25, p = .039) and observer-rated (r = 0.32, p = .009) inhibitory control deficits. In subgroup analyses, TNF-α was associated with increased observer-rated inhibitory deficits in DEP, and at the trend level, with reduced inhibitory control performance in DEP-T. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest that inflammation may be a marker of disease processes in adolescent depression. Though longitudinal studies are needed, depressed adolescents with childhood trauma exposure appear to constitute a uniquely vulnerable group in terms of objective risk for executive dysfunction. Immune dysregulation may partly contribute to this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy T Peters
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, USA.
| | - Xinguo Ren
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - Katie L Bessette
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, USA; University of Utah, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology & Department of Psychiatry, Canada
| | - Amy E West
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Pediatrics, USA
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98
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Smith BE, Hendrick P, Bateman M, Holden S, Littlewood C, Smith TO, Logan P. Musculoskeletal pain and exercise-challenging existing paradigms and introducing new. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:907-912. [PMID: 29925503 PMCID: PMC6613745 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Smith
- Physiotherapy Department (Level 3), Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London Road Community Hospital, Derby, UK
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Hendrick
- Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marcus Bateman
- Physiotherapy Department (Level 3), Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London Road Community Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Sinead Holden
- Research Unit for General Practice in Aalborg, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Chris Littlewood
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences and Keele Clinical Trials Unit, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Toby O Smith
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pip Logan
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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99
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Gassen J, Hill SE. Why inflammation and the activities of the immune system matter for social and personality psychology (and not only for those who study health). SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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100
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Dar T, Radfar A, Abohashem S, Pitman RK, Tawakol A, Osborne MT. Psychosocial Stress and Cardiovascular Disease. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2019; 21:23. [PMID: 31028483 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-019-0724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This manuscript reviews the epidemiological data linking psychosocial stress to cardiovascular disease (CVD), describes recent advances in understanding the biological pathway between them, discusses potential therapies against stress-related CVD, and identifies future research directions. RECENT FINDINGS Metabolic activity of the amygdala (a neural center that is critically involved in the response to stress) can be measured on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) yielding a neurobiological signal that independently predicts subsequent CVD events. Furthermore, a serial pathway from ↑amygdalar activity → ↑hematopoietic tissue activity → ↑arterial inflammation → ↑CVD events has been elucidated, providing new insights into the mechanism linking stress to CVD. Psychosocial stress and stress conditions are independently associated with CVD in a manner that depends on the degree and duration of stress as well as the individual response to a stressor. Nevertheless, the fundamental biology remains incompletely defined, and stress is often confounded by adverse health behaviors. Thus, most clinical guidelines do not yet recognize psychosocial stress as an independent CVD risk factor or advocate for its treatment in CVD prevention. Clarification of this neurobiological pathway provides a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and suggests opportunities to develop novel preventive strategies and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawseef Dar
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Azar Radfar
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shady Abohashem
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger K Pitman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Osborne
- Cardiac MR-PET-CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA. .,Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA, 02114-2750, USA.
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