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Li H, Qi J, Li L. Phytochemicals as potential candidates to combat obesity via adipose non-shivering thermogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104393. [PMID: 31401211 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease caused by a long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The discovery of three different shades of adipose tissues has implications in terms of understanding the pathogenesis and potential interventions for obesity and its related complications. Fat browning, as well as activation of brown adipocytes and new beige adipocytes differentiated from adipogenic progenitor cells, are emerging as interesting and promising methods to curb obesity because of their unique capacity to upregulate non-shivering thermogenesis. This capacity is due to catabolism of stored energy to generate heat through the best characterized thermogenic effector uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). A variety of phytochemicals have been shown in the literature to contribute to thermogenesis by acting as chemical uncouplers, UCP1 inducers or regulators of fat differentiation and browning. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and strategies for targeting adipose-mediated thermogenesis and highlight the role of phytochemicals in targeting adipose thermogenesis to fight against obesity. We also discuss proposed targets for how these phytochemical molecules promote BAT activity, WAT browning and beige cell development, thereby offering novel insights into interventional strategies of how phytochemicals may help prevent and manage obesity via adipose thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China; Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, USA.
| | - Jiameng Qi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Linghuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
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52
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Fan Z, Li N, Xu Z, Wu J, Fan X, Xu Y. An interaction between MKL1, BRG1, and C/EBPβ mediates palmitate induced CRP transcription in hepatocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:194412. [PMID: 31356989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.194412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the most predominant disorders in metabolic syndrome. Induction of pro-inflammatory mediators in hepatocytes exposed to free fatty acids represents a hallmark event during NASH pathogenesis. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a prototypical pro-inflammatory mediator. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1) mediates palmitate (PA) induced CRP transcription in hepatocytes. We report that over-expression of MKL1, but not MKL2, activated the CRP promoter whereas depletion or inhibition of MKL1 repressed the CRP promoter. MKL1 potentiated the induction of the CRP promoter activity by PA treatment. Importantly, MKL1 knockdown by siRNA or pharmaceutical inhibition by CCG-1423 attenuated the induction of endogenous CRP expression in hepatocytes. Similarly, primary hepatocytes isolated from wild type (WT) mice produced more CRP than those isolated from MKL1 deficient (KO) mice when stimulated with PA. Mechanistically, the sequence-specific transcription factor CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ) interacted with MKL1 and recruited MKL1 to activate CRP transcription. Reciprocally, MKL1 modulated C/EBPβ activity by recruiting the chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 to the CRP promoter to alter histone modifications. In conclusion, our data delineate a novel epigenetic mechanism underlying augmented hepatic inflammation during NASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangshan Fan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
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53
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Wang W, Ishibashi J, Trefely S, Shao M, Cowan AJ, Sakers A, Lim HW, O'Connor S, Doan MT, Cohen P, Baur JA, King MT, Veech RL, Won KJ, Rabinowitz JD, Snyder NW, Gupta RK, Seale P. A PRDM16-Driven Metabolic Signal from Adipocytes Regulates Precursor Cell Fate. Cell Metab 2019; 30:174-189.e5. [PMID: 31155495 PMCID: PMC6836679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The precursor cells for metabolically beneficial beige adipocytes can alternatively become fibrogenic and contribute to adipose fibrosis. We found that cold exposure or β3-adrenergic agonist treatment of mice decreased the fibrogenic profile of precursor cells and stimulated beige adipocyte differentiation. This fibrogenic-to-adipogenic transition was impaired in aged animals, correlating with reduced adipocyte expression of the transcription factor PRDM16. Genetic loss of Prdm16 mimicked the effect of aging in promoting fibrosis, whereas increasing PRDM16 in aged mice decreased fibrosis and restored beige adipose development. PRDM16-expressing adipose cells secreted the metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which blocked precursor fibrogenesis and facilitated beige adipogenesis. BHB catabolism in precursor cells, mediated by BDH1, was required for beige fat differentiation in vivo. Finally, dietary BHB supplementation in aged animals reduced adipose fibrosis and promoted beige fat formation. Together, our results demonstrate that adipocytes secrete a metabolite signal that controls beige fat remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Wang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Ishibashi
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA; AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexis J Cowan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544 USA
| | - Alexander Sakers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Genetics Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean O'Connor
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary T Doan
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Todd King
- Laboratory of Metabolic Control, NIH/NIAAA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Veech
- Laboratory of Metabolic Control, NIH/NIAAA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Genetics Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544 USA
| | | | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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54
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Fan L, Xu H, Yang R, Zang Y, Chen J, Qin H. Combination of Capsaicin and Capsiate Induces Browning in 3T3-L1 White Adipocytes via Activation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ/β 3-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6232-6240. [PMID: 31075194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects and molecular mechanism of a combination of capsaicin and capsiate on promoting lipid metabolism and inducing browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. The combination significantly suppressed lipid accumulation in adipocytes ( p = 0.019) and robustly improved lipid metabolic profiles, including decreased triacylglycerol (0.6703 ± 0.0385 versus 0.2849 ± 0.0188 mmol/g of protein; p < 0.001), total cholesterol (0.1282 ± 0.0241 versus 0.0651 ± 0.0178 mmol/g of protein; p = 0.003), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.0021 ± 0.0017 versus 0.0005 ± 0.0002 mmol/g of protein; p = 0.024) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.0162 ± 0.0141 versus 0.1002 ± 0.0167 mmol/g of protein; p = 0.012). Furthermore, this combination markedly upgraded the protein levels of cluster of differentiation 36 ( p = 0.007) and adipose triglyceride lipase ( p = 0.013) and phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase at Ser660, Ser565, and Ser563 ( p < 0.001, p = 0.027, and p = 0.002, respectively), indicating increases of fatty acid transport and lipolysis. The levels of lipid metabolism regulators, phosphorylation of adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinases α and β ( p = 0.011, and p < 0.001, respectively), sirtuin 1 ( p = 0.004), and vanilloid transient receptor subtype I ( p = 0.014) were also increased by the combination. Moreover, the combination greatly activated the browning program in adipocytes, as demonstrated by increases in beige-specific gene and protein. Further research found that the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; p = 0.001) and β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR; p = 0.026) were elevated by the combination, and most of the beige-specific markers were abolished by pretreatment of antagonists of PPARγ or β3-AR. In conclusion, these results indicated that a combination of capsaicin and capsiate could induce browning in white adipocytes via activation of the PPARγ/β3-AR signaling pathway, and this combination might be worth investigating as a potential cure for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , 110 Xiangya Road , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , 110 Xiangya Road , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rengui Yang
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Changsha , Hunan 410004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Zang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , 110 Xiangya Road , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfang Chen
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Changsha , Hunan 410004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , 110 Xiangya Road , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
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55
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Guenther C, Faisal I, Uotila LM, Asens ML, Harjunpää H, Savinko T, Öhman T, Yao S, Moser M, Morris SW, Tojkander S, Fagerholm SC. A β2-Integrin/MRTF-A/SRF Pathway Regulates Dendritic Cell Gene Expression, Adhesion, and Traction Force Generation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1138. [PMID: 31191527 PMCID: PMC6546827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
β2-integrins are essential for immune system function because they mediate immune cell adhesion and signaling. Consequently, a loss of β2-integrin expression or function causes the immunodeficiency disorders, Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD) type I and III. LAD-III is caused by mutations in an important integrin regulator, kindlin-3, but exactly how kindlin-3 regulates leukocyte adhesion has remained incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that mutation of the kindlin-3 binding site in the β2-integrin (TTT/AAA-β2-integrin knock-in mouse/KI) abolishes activation of the actin-regulated myocardin related transcription factor A/serum response factor (MRTF-A/SRF) signaling pathway in dendritic cells and MRTF-A/SRF-dependent gene expression. We show that Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) activation and filamentous-actin (F-actin) polymerization is abolished in murine TTT/AAA-β2-integrin KI dendritic cells, which leads to a failure of MRTF-A to localize to the cell nucleus to coactivate genes together with SRF. In addition, we show that dendritic cell gene expression, adhesion and integrin-mediated traction forces on ligand coated surfaces is dependent on the MRTF-A/SRF signaling pathway. The participation of β2-integrin and kindlin-3-mediated cell adhesion in the regulation of the ubiquitous MRTF-A/SRF signaling pathway in immune cells may help explain the role of β2-integrin and kindlin-3 in integrin-mediated gene regulation and immune system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guenther
- Fagerholm Lab, MIBS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Imrul Faisal
- Fagerholm Lab, MIBS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa M Uotila
- Fagerholm Lab, MIBS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Heidi Harjunpää
- Fagerholm Lab, MIBS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi Savinko
- Fagerholm Lab, MIBS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sean Yao
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Moser
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephan W Morris
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sari Tojkander
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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56
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Balaz M, Becker AS, Balazova L, Straub L, Müller J, Gashi G, Maushart CI, Sun W, Dong H, Moser C, Horvath C, Efthymiou V, Rachamin Y, Modica S, Zellweger C, Bacanovic S, Stefanicka P, Varga L, Ukropcova B, Profant M, Opitz L, Amri EZ, Akula MK, Bergo M, Ukropec J, Falk C, Zamboni N, Betz MJ, Burger IA, Wolfrum C. Inhibition of Mevalonate Pathway Prevents Adipocyte Browning in Mice and Men by Affecting Protein Prenylation. Cell Metab 2019; 29:901-916.e8. [PMID: 30581121 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent research focusing on brown adipose tissue (BAT) function emphasizes its importance in systemic metabolic homeostasis. We show here that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the mevalonate pathway leads to reduced human and mouse brown adipocyte function in vitro and impaired adipose tissue browning in vivo. A retrospective analysis of a large patient cohort suggests an inverse correlation between statin use and active BAT in humans, while we show in a prospective clinical trial that fluvastatin reduces thermogenic gene expression in human BAT. We identify geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate as the key mevalonate pathway intermediate driving adipocyte browning in vitro and in vivo, whose effects are mediated by geranylgeranyltransferases (GGTases), enzymes catalyzing geranylgeranylation of small GTP-binding proteins, thereby regulating YAP1/TAZ signaling through F-actin modulation. Conversely, adipocyte-specific ablation of GGTase I leads to impaired adipocyte browning, reduced energy expenditure, and glucose intolerance under obesogenic conditions, highlighting the importance of this pathway in modulating brown adipocyte functionality and systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Anton S Becker
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Balazova
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Leon Straub
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Julian Müller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Gani Gashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Irene Maushart
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Moser
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Carla Horvath
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Vissarion Efthymiou
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Yael Rachamin
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Modica
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Zellweger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bacanovic
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Stefanicka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Varga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Profant
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, ETH Zürich/University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Murali K Akula
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Bergo
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Christian Falk
- Department of Medical Data Management, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Johannes Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland.
| | - Irene A Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland.
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57
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Kristóf E, Klusóczki Á, Veress R, Shaw A, Combi ZS, Varga K, Győry F, Balajthy Z, Bai P, Bacso Z, Fésüs L. Interleukin-6 released from differentiating human beige adipocytes improves browning. Exp Cell Res 2019; 377:47-55. [PMID: 30794803 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes contribute significantly to the regulation of whole body energy expenditure and systemic metabolic homeostasis not exclusively by thermogenesis through mitochondrial uncoupling. Several studies have provided evidence in rodents that brown and beige adipocytes produce a set of adipokines ("batokines") which regulate local tissue homeostasis and have beneficial effects on physiological functions of the entire body. We observed elevated secretion of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, but not tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or IL-1β pro-inflammatory cytokines, by ex vivo differentiating human beige adipocytes (induced by either PPARγ agonist or irisin) compared to white. Higher levels of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 were released from human deep neck adipose tissue biopsies (enriched in browning cells) than from subcutaneous ones. IL-6 was produced in a sustained manner and mostly by the adipocytes and not by the undifferentiated progenitors. Continuous blocking of IL-6 receptor by specific antibody during beige differentiation resulted in downregulation of brown marker genes and increased morphological changes that are characteristic of white adipocytes. The data suggest that beige adipocytes adjust their production of IL-6 to reach an optimal level for differentiation in the medium enhancing browning in an autocrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Kristóf
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Klusóczki
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Roland Veress
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Abhirup Shaw
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Sándor Combi
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Klára Varga
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Győry
- Department of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Balajthy
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bacso
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Fésüs
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Stem Cells, Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary.
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58
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Chang SH, Song NJ, Choi JH, Yun UJ, Park KW. Mechanisms underlying UCP1 dependent and independent adipocyte thermogenesis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:241-251. [PMID: 30450758 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The growing focus on brown adipocytes has spurred an interest in their potential benefits for metabolic diseases. Brown and beige (or brite) adipocytes express high levels of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) to dissipate heat instead of generating ATP. Ucp1 induction by stimuli including cold, exercise, and diet increases nonshivering thermogenesis, leading to increased energy expenditure and prevention of obesity. Recently, studies in adipocytes have indicated the existence of functional Ucp1-independent thermogenic regulators. Furthermore, substrate cycling involving creatine metabolites, cold-induced N-acyl amino acids, and oxidized lipids in white adipocytes can increase energy expenditure in the absence of Ucp1. These studies emphasize the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms governing energy expenditure in adipocytes and their potential applications in the prevention of human obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - No-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ui Jeong Yun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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59
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Shapira SN, Seale P. Transcriptional Control of Brown and Beige Fat Development and Function. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:13-21. [PMID: 30569639 PMCID: PMC6309799 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, once viewed as an inert organ of energy storage, is now appreciated to be a central node for the dynamic regulation of systemic metabolism. There are three general types of adipose tissue: white, brown, and brown-in-white or "beige" fat. All three types of adipose tissue communicate extensively with other organs in the body, including skin, liver, pancreas, muscle, and brain, to maintain energy homeostasis. When energy intake chronically exceeds energy expenditure, obesity and its comorbidities can develop. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which different types of adipose tissues develop and function could uncover new therapies for combating disorders of energy imbalance. In this review, the recent findings on the transcriptional and chromatin-mediated regulation of brown and beige adipose tissue activity are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N. Shapira
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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60
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Megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1) mediates high glucose induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating LOX transcription. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:633-640. [PMID: 30553442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus. When exposed to high glucose (HG), retinal epithelial cells undergo profound alterations both morphologically and functionally in a well-conserved process known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The mechanism governing HG-induced EMT in retinal epithelial cells is not completely understood. Here we report that treatment with 25 mM glucose led to EMT in retinal pigmented epithelial cells (RPE) characterized by a simultaneous down-regulation of E-Cadherin (encoded by CDH1) and up-regulation of alpha smooth muscle actin (encoded by ACTA2). HG-induced EMT in RPEs was accompanied by augmented expression and enhanced nuclear enrichment of MKL1, a transcriptional modulator. In contrast, MKL1 knockdown by siRNA or inhibition by CCG-1423 abrogated HG-induced EMT in RPEs. Of interest, MKL1 mediated the transcriptional activation of LOX, a mesenchymal marker, in RPEs in response to HG stimulation. Mechanistically, MKL1 interacted with and was recruited by AP-1 to the proximal LOX promoter to promote LOX trans-activation likely through altering the chromatin structure. Finally, LOX depletion by siRNA or inhibition by aminopropionitrile in RPEs abolished HG-induced EMT. In conclusion, our data support a role for MKL1 in mediating HG-induced EMT in retinal epithelial cells via epigenetic activation of LOX transcription.
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61
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Cinti
- Professor of Human Anatomy, Director, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
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62
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Dorn T, Kornherr J, Parrotta EI, Zawada D, Ayetey H, Santamaria G, Iop L, Mastantuono E, Sinnecker D, Goedel A, Dirschinger RJ, My I, Laue S, Bozoglu T, Baarlink C, Ziegler T, Graf E, Hinkel R, Cuda G, Kääb S, Grace AA, Grosse R, Kupatt C, Meitinger T, Smith AG, Laugwitz KL, Moretti A. Interplay of cell-cell contacts and RhoA/MRTF-A signaling regulates cardiomyocyte identity. EMBO J 2018; 37:e98133. [PMID: 29764980 PMCID: PMC6003642 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions guide organ development and homeostasis by controlling lineage specification and maintenance, but the underlying molecular principles are largely unknown. Here, we show that in human developing cardiomyocytes cell-cell contacts at the intercalated disk connect to remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the RhoA-ROCK signaling to maintain an active MRTF/SRF transcriptional program essential for cardiomyocyte identity. Genetic perturbation of this mechanosensory pathway activates an ectopic fat gene program during cardiomyocyte differentiation, which ultimately primes the cells to switch to the brown/beige adipocyte lineage in response to adipogenesis-inducing signals. We also demonstrate by in vivo fate mapping and clonal analysis of cardiac progenitors that cardiac fat and a subset of cardiac muscle arise from a common precursor expressing Isl1 and Wt1 during heart development, suggesting related mechanisms of determination between the two lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Dorn
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Kornherr
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira I Parrotta
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dorota Zawada
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harold Ayetey
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Mastantuono
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Sinnecker
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Goedel
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf J Dirschinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilaria My
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Laue
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tarik Bozoglu
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tilman Ziegler
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- IPEK Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Klinikum der Universität München - Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München - Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew A Grace
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Grosse
- Pharmacology Institute, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Austin G Smith
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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63
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Liu L, Wu X, Xu H, Yu L, Zhang X, Li L, Jin J, Zhang T, Xu Y. Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) contributes to acute kidney injury by regulating macrophage ROS production. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3109-3121. [PMID: 29908908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A host of pathogenic factors induce acute kidney injury (AKI) leading to insufficiencies of renal function. In the present study we evaluated the role of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) in the pathogenesis of AKI. We report that systemic deletion of MRTF-A or inhibition of MRTF-A activity with CCG-1423 significantly attenuated AKI in mice induced by either ischemia-reperfusion or LPS injection. Of note, MRTF-A deficiency or suppression resulted in diminished renal ROS production in AKI models with down-regulation of NAPDH oxdiase 1 (NOX1) and NOX4 expression. In cultured macrophages, MRTF-A promoted NOX1 transcription in response to either hypoxia-reoxygenation or LPS treatment. Interestingly, macrophage-specific MRTF-A deletion ameliorated AKI in mice. Mechanistic analyses revealed that MRTF-A played a role in regulating histone H4K16 acetylation surrounding the NOX gene promoters by interacting with the acetyltransferase MYST1. MYST1 depletion repressed NOX transcription in macrophages. Finally, administration of a MYST1 inhibitor MG149 alleviated AKI in mice. Therefore, we data illustrate a novel epigenetic pathway that controls ROS production in macrophages contributing to AKI. Targeting the MRTF-A-MYST1-NOX axis may yield novel therapeutic strategies to combat AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianliang Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Renal Medicine, Jiangsu Remin Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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64
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Lodhi IJ, Dean JM, He A, Park H, Tan M, Feng C, Song H, Hsu FF, Semenkovich CF. PexRAP Inhibits PRDM16-Mediated Thermogenic Gene Expression. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2766-2774. [PMID: 28930673 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How the nuclear receptor PPARγ regulates the development of two functionally distinct types of adipose tissue, brown and white fat, as well as the browning of white fat, remains unclear. Our previous studies suggest that PexRAP, a peroxisomal lipid synthetic enzyme, regulates PPARγ signaling and white adipogenesis. Here, we show that PexRAP is an inhibitor of brown adipocyte gene expression. PexRAP inactivation promoted adipocyte browning, increased energy expenditure, and decreased adiposity. Identification of PexRAP-interacting proteins suggests that PexRAP function extends beyond its role as a lipid synthetic enzyme. Notably, PexRAP interacts with importin-β1, a nuclear import factor, and knockdown of PexRAP in adipocytes reduced the levels of nuclear phospholipids. PexRAP also interacts with PPARγ, as well as PRDM16, a critical transcriptional regulator of thermogenesis, and disrupts the PRDM16-PPARγ complex, providing a potential mechanism for PexRAP-mediated inhibition of adipocyte browning. These results identify PexRAP as an important regulator of adipose tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - John M Dean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anyuan He
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongsuk Park
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Min Tan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chu Feng
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haowei Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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65
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Shao M, Gupta RK. Transcriptional brakes on the road to adipocyte thermogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:20-28. [PMID: 29800720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
White adipocytes represent the principle site for energy storage whereas brown/beige adipocytes emerge from seemingly distinct cellular lineages and burn chemical energy to produce heat. Thermogenic adipocytes utilize cell-type selective master regulatory transcription factors to drive the expression of their adipocyte thermogenic gene program. White adipocytes harbor transcriptional mechanisms to suppress the thermogenic gene program and maintain an energy-storing function. Here, we summarize some of the key developmental and transcriptional mechanisms leading to the postnatal recruitment of thermogenic adipocytes under physiological conditions, with a particular emphasis on the transcriptional "brakes" on the thermogenic gene program. We highlight a number of recent studies, including our own work on the transcription factor, ZFP423, that illustrate the potential to engineer the subcutaneous and visceral white fat lineages to adopt a thermogenic fat cell fate by releasing the inhibition of the adipocyte thermogenic gene program. These transcriptional brakes on adipocyte thermogenesis may represent potential targets of therapeutic interventions designed to combat obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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66
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Gulyaeva O, Dempersmier J, Sul HS. Genetic and epigenetic control of adipose development. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:3-12. [PMID: 29704660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is the primary energy storage organ and its excess contributes to obesity, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducible thermogenic (beige/brite) adipocytes in WAT dissipate energy via Ucp1 to maintain body temperature. BAT and subcutaneous WAT develop perinatally while visceral WAT forms after birth from precursors expressing distinct markers, such as Myf5, Pref-1, Wt1, and Prx1, depending on the anatomical location. In addition to the embryonic adipose precursors, a pool of endothelial cells or mural cells expressing Pparγ, Pdgfrβ, Sma and Zfp423 may become adipocytes during WAT expansion in adults. Several markers, such as Cd29, Cd34, Sca1, Cd24, Pdgfrα and Pref-1 are detected in adult WAT SVF cells that can be differentiated into adipocytes. However, potential heterogeneity and differences in developmental stage of these cells are not clear. Beige cells form in a depot- and condition-specific manner by de novo differentiation of precursors or by transdifferentiation. Thermogenic gene activation in brown and beige adipocytes relies on common transcriptional machinery that includes Prdm16, Zfp516, Pgc1α and Ebf2. Moreover, through changing the chromatin landscape, histone methyltransferases, such as Mll3/4 and Ehmt1, as well as demethylases, such as Lsd1, play an important role in regulating the thermogenic gene program. With the presence of BAT and beige/brite cells in human adults, increasing thermogenic activity of BAT and BAT-like tissues may help promote energy expenditure to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gulyaeva
- Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jon Dempersmier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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67
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Babaei R, Schuster M, Meln I, Lerch S, Ghandour RA, Pisani DF, Bayindir-Buchhalter I, Marx J, Wu S, Schoiswohl G, Billeter AT, Krunic D, Mauer J, Lee YH, Granneman JG, Fischer L, Müller-Stich BP, Amri EZ, Kershaw EE, Heikenwälder M, Herzig S, Vegiopoulos A. Jak-TGFβ cross-talk links transient adipose tissue inflammation to beige adipogenesis. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/527/eaai7838. [PMID: 29692363 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aai7838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transient activation of inflammatory networks is required for adipose tissue remodeling including the "browning" of white fat in response to stimuli such as β3-adrenergic receptor activation. In this process, white adipose tissue acquires thermogenic characteristics through the recruitment of so-called beige adipocytes. We investigated the downstream signaling pathways impinging on adipocyte progenitors that promote de novo formation of adipocytes. We showed that the Jak family of kinases controlled TGFβ signaling in the adipose tissue microenvironment through Stat3 and thereby adipogenic commitment, a function that was required for beige adipocyte differentiation of murine and human progenitors. Jak/Stat3 inhibited TGFβ signaling to the transcription factors Srf and Smad3 by repressing local Tgfb3 and Tgfb1 expression before the core transcriptional adipogenic cascade was activated. This pathway cross-talk was triggered in stromal cells by ATGL-dependent adipocyte lipolysis and a transient wave of IL-6 family cytokines at the onset of adipose tissue remodeling induced by β3-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Our results provide insight into the activation of adipocyte progenitors and are relevant for the therapeutic targeting of adipose tissue inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Babaei
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity (A171), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schuster
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity (A171), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Irina Meln
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity (A171), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sarah Lerch
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity (A171), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Rayane A Ghandour
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice 06100, France
| | - Didier F Pisani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice 06100, France
| | - Irem Bayindir-Buchhalter
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity (A171), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julia Marx
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity (A171), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Shuang Wu
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity (A171), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Adrian T Billeter
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Damir Krunic
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jan Mauer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lars Fischer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Beat P Müller-Stich
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice 06100, France
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer (F180), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Neuherberg 85764, Germany. .,Joint Heidelberg-Institute for Diabetes and Cancer Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alexandros Vegiopoulos
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity (A171), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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68
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Membrane Trafficking Protein CDP138 Regulates Fat Browning and Insulin Sensitivity through Controlling Catecholamine Release. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00153-17. [PMID: 29378832 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00153-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CDP138 is a calcium- and lipid-binding protein that is involved in membrane trafficking. Here, we report that mice without CDP138 develop obesity under normal chow diet (NCD) or high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. CDP138-/- mice have lower energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, and body temperature than wild-type (WT) mice. CDP138 is exclusively expressed in adrenal medulla and is colocalized with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of sympathetic nervous terminals, in the inguinal fat. Compared with WT controls, CDP138-/- mice had altered catecholamine levels in circulation, adrenal gland, and inguinal fat. Adrenergic signaling on cyclic AMP (cAMP) formation and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylation induced by cold challenge but not by an exogenous β3 adrenoceptor against CL316243 were decreased in adipose tissues of CDP138-/- mice. Cold-induced beige fat browning, fatty acid oxidation, thermogenesis, and related gene expression were reduced in CDP138-/- mice. CDP138-/- mice are also prone to HFD-induced insulin resistance, as assessed by Akt phosphorylation and glucose transport in skeletal muscles. Our data indicate that CDP138 is a regulator of stress response and plays a significant role in adipose tissue browning, energy balance, and insulin sensitivity through regulating catecholamine secretion from the sympathetic nervous terminals and adrenal gland.
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69
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Tharp KM, Kang MS, Timblin GA, Dempersmier J, Dempsey GE, Zushin PJH, Benavides J, Choi C, Li CX, Jha AK, Kajimura S, Healy KE, Sul HS, Saijo K, Kumar S, Stahl A. Actomyosin-Mediated Tension Orchestrates Uncoupled Respiration in Adipose Tissues. Cell Metab 2018; 27:602-615.e4. [PMID: 29514068 PMCID: PMC5897043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The activation of brown/beige adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and the induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression are essential for BAT-based strategies to improve metabolic homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that BAT utilizes actomyosin machinery to generate tensional responses following adrenergic stimulation, similar to muscle tissues. The activation of actomyosin mechanics is critical for the acute induction of oxidative metabolism and uncoupled respiration in UCP1+ adipocytes. Moreover, we show that actomyosin-mediated elasticity regulates the thermogenic capacity of adipocytes via the mechanosensitive transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ, which are indispensable for normal BAT function. These biomechanical signaling mechanisms may inform future strategies to promote the expansion and activation of brown/beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tharp
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael S Kang
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Greg A Timblin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jon Dempersmier
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Garret E Dempsey
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter-James H Zushin
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jaime Benavides
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Catherine Choi
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Catherine X Li
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amit K Jha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kevin E Healy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kaoru Saijo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Zou T, Wang B, Yang Q, de Avila JM, Zhu MJ, You J, Chen D, Du M. Raspberry promotes brown and beige adipocyte development in mice fed high-fat diet through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1. J Nutr Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29525607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Development of brown and beige/brite adipocytes increases thermogenesis and helps to reduce obesity and metabolic syndrome. Our previous study suggests that dietary raspberry can ameliorate metabolic syndromes in diet-induced obese mice. Here, we further evaluated the effects of raspberry on energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis and determined whether these effects were mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Mice deficient in the catalytic subunit of AMPKα1 and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD supplemented with 5% raspberry (RAS) for 10 weeks. The thermogenic program and related regulatory factors in adipose tissue were assessed. RAS improved the insulin sensitivity and reduced fat mass in WT mice but not in AMPKα1-/- mice. In the absence of AMPKα1, RAS failed to increase oxygen consumption and heat production. Consistent with this, the thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue and brown-like adipocyte formation in subcutaneous adipose tissue were not induced by RAS in AMPKα1-/- mice. In conclusion, AMPKα1 is indispensable for the effects of RAS on brown and beige/brite adipocyte development, and prevention of obesity and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiande Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China; Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jeanene M de Avila
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jinming You
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Du
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100194, China.
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71
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Sui Y, Liu Z, Park SH, Thatcher SE, Zhu B, Fernandez JP, Molina H, Kern PA, Zhou C. IKKβ is a β-catenin kinase that regulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96660. [PMID: 29367460 PMCID: PMC5821193 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can give rise to both adipocytes and osteoblasts, but the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC fate determination remain poorly understood. IκB kinase β (IKKβ), a central coordinator of inflammation and immune responses through activation of NF-κB, has been implicated as a critical molecular link between obesity and metabolic disorders. Here, we show that IKKβ can reciprocally regulate adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation of murine and human MSCs through an NF-κB-independent mechanism. IKKβ is a β-catenin kinase that phosphorylates the conserved degron motif of β-catenin to prime it for β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, thereby increasing adipogenesis and inhibiting osteogenesis in MSCs. Animal studies demonstrated that deficiency of IKKβ in BM mesenchymal stromal cells increased bone mass and decreased BM adipocyte formation in adult mice. In humans, IKKβ expression in adipose tissue was also positively associated with increased adiposity and elevated β-catenin phosphorylation. These findings suggest IKKβ as a key molecular switch that regulates MSC fate, and they provide potentially novel mechanistic insights into the understanding of the cross-regulation between the evolutionarily conserved IKKβ and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. The IKKβ-Wnt axis we uncovered may also have important implications for development, homeostasis, and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Sui
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Zun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | | | - Beibei Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Joseph P. Fernandez
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip A. Kern
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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72
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Hasegawa Y, Ikeda K, Chen Y, Alba DL, Stifler D, Shinoda K, Hosono T, Maretich P, Yang Y, Ishigaki Y, Chi J, Cohen P, Koliwad SK, Kajimura S. Repression of Adipose Tissue Fibrosis through a PRDM16-GTF2IRD1 Complex Improves Systemic Glucose Homeostasis. Cell Metab 2018; 27:180-194.e6. [PMID: 29320702 PMCID: PMC5765755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue fibrosis is a hallmark of malfunction that is linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; however, what regulates this process remains unclear. Here we show that the PRDM16 transcriptional complex, a dominant activator of brown/beige adipocyte development, potently represses adipose tissue fibrosis in an uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-independent manner. By purifying the PRDM16 complex, we identified GTF2IRD1, a member of the TFII-I family of DNA-binding proteins, as a cold-inducible transcription factor that mediates the repressive action of the PRDM16 complex on fibrosis. Adipocyte-selective expression of GTF2IRD1 represses adipose tissue fibrosis and improves systemic glucose homeostasis independent of body-weight loss, while deleting GTF2IRD1 promotes fibrosis in a cell-autonomous manner. GTF2IRD1 represses the transcription of transforming growth factor β-dependent pro-fibrosis genes by recruiting PRDM16 and EHMT1 onto their promoter/enhancer regions. These results suggest a mechanism by which repression of obesity-associated adipose tissue fibrosis through the PRDM16 complex leads to an improvement in systemic glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hasegawa
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Uchimaru, Japan
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana L Alba
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Stifler
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Hosono
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Life Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pema Maretich
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yangyu Yang
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Uchimaru, Japan
| | - Jingyi Chi
- The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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73
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A miR-327-FGF10-FGFR2-mediated autocrine signaling mechanism controls white fat browning. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2079. [PMID: 29233981 PMCID: PMC5727036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating beige adipocyte formation may lead to the development of new therapies to combat obesity. Here, we report a miRNA-based autocrine regulatory pathway that controls differentiation of preadipocytes into beige adipocytes. We identify miR-327 as one of the most downregulated miRNAs targeting growth factors in the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) under conditions that promote white adipose tissue (WAT) browning in mice. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments reveal that miR-327 targets FGF10 to prevent beige adipocyte differentiation. Pharmacological and physiological β-adrenergic stimulation upregulates FGF10 levels and promotes preadipocyte differentiation into beige adipocytes. In vivo local delivery of miR-327 to WATs significantly compromises the beige phenotype and thermogenesis. Contrarily, systemic inhibition of miR-327 in mice induces browning and increases whole-body metabolic rate under thermoneutral conditions. Our data provide mechanistic insight into an autocrine regulatory signaling loop that regulates beige adipocyte formation and suggests that the miR-327-FGF10-FGFR2 signaling axis may be a therapeutic targets for treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases.
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74
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Chen Z, Chen Q, Huang J, Gong W, Zou Y, Zhang L, Liu P, Huang H. CK2α promotes advanced glycation end products-induced expressions of fibronectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 via activating MRTF-A in glomerular mesangial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 148:41-51. [PMID: 29223351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products' (AGEs) modification of extracellular matrix proteins induces crosslinking, which results in thickening of the basement membrane and activating several intracellular signaling cascades, eventually promoting the pathological progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We have previously confirmed that casein kinase 2α (CK2α) activates the nuclear factor of kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway to enhance high glucose-induced expressions of fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). However, to date, the mechanism by which CK2α regulates diabetic renal fibrosis is not fully understood. In view of the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis by myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), we are highly concerned whether CK2α promotes AGEs-induced expressions of FN and ICAM-1 in glomerular mesangial cells via activation of MRTF-A, thus affecting the pathogenesis of DN. We found that CK2α and MRTF-A proteins were overexpressed in AGEs-induced diabetic kidneys. Inhibition of CK2α kinase activity or knockdown of CK2α protein expression suppressed the upregulation of FN and ICAM-1 expressions in GMCs induced by AGEs. MRTF-A knockdown compromised the expressions of FN and ICAM-1 in GMCs induced by AGEs. Moreover, inhibition of CK2α kinase activity or knockdown of CK2α protein expression restrained the protein expression and nuclear aggregation of MRTF-A. CK2α interacted with MRTF-A. Furthermore, knockdown of MRTF-A while overexpression of CK2α blocked the upregulation effect of CK2α on the protein expressions of FN and ICAM-1. These findings suggest that CK2α promotes diabetic renal fibrosis via activation of MRTF-A and upregulation of inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junying Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenyan Gong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yezi Zou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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75
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Ikeda K, Kang Q, Yoneshiro T, Camporez JP, Maki H, Homma M, Shinoda K, Chen Y, Lu X, Maretich P, Tajima K, Ajuwon KM, Soga T, Kajimura S. UCP1-independent signaling involving SERCA2b-mediated calcium cycling regulates beige fat thermogenesis and systemic glucose homeostasis. Nat Med 2017; 23:1454-1465. [PMID: 29131158 PMCID: PMC5727902 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) plays a central role in nonshivering thermogenesis in brown fat; however, its role in beige fat remains unclear. Here we report a robust UCP1-independent thermogenic mechanism in beige fat that involves enhanced ATP-dependent Ca2+ cycling by sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2b (SERCA2b) and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2). Inhibition of SERCA2b impairs UCP1-independent beige fat thermogenesis in humans and mice as well as in pigs, a species that lacks a functional UCP1 protein. Conversely, enhanced Ca2+ cycling by activation of α1- and/or β3-adrenergic receptors or the SERCA2b-RyR2 pathway stimulates UCP1-independent thermogenesis in beige adipocytes. In the absence of UCP1, beige fat dynamically expends glucose through enhanced glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid metabolism and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity for ATP-dependent thermogenesis through the SERCA2b pathway; beige fat thereby functions as a 'glucose sink' and improves glucose tolerance independently of body weight loss. Our study uncovers a noncanonical thermogenic mechanism through which beige fat controls whole-body energy homeostasis via Ca2+ cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ikeda
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Qianqian Kang
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joao Paulo Camporez
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, New Haven, CT
| | - Hiroko Maki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mayu Homma
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yong Chen
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Pema Maretich
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kolapo M. Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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76
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Tatapudy S, Aloisio F, Barber D, Nystul T. Cell fate decisions: emerging roles for metabolic signals and cell morphology. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:2105-2118. [PMID: 29158350 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how cell fate decisions are regulated is a fundamental goal of developmental and stem cell biology. Most studies on the control of cell fate decisions address the contributions of changes in transcriptional programming, epigenetic modifications, and biochemical differentiation cues. However, recent studies have found that other aspects of cell biology also make important contributions to regulating cell fate decisions. These cues can have a permissive or instructive role and are integrated into the larger network of signaling, functioning both upstream and downstream of developmental signaling pathways. Here, we summarize recent insights into how cell fate decisions are influenced by four aspects of cell biology: metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular pH (pHi), and cell morphology. For each topic, we discuss how these cell biological cues interact with each other and with protein-based mechanisms for changing gene transcription. In addition, we highlight several questions that remain unanswered in these exciting and relatively new areas of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Tatapudy
- Departments of Anatomy and OB-GYN/RS, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Aloisio
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diane Barber
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Todd Nystul
- Departments of Anatomy and OB-GYN/RS, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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77
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Ikeda T, Uchiyama I, Iwasaki M, Sasaki T, Nakagawa M, Okita K, Masui S. Artificial acceleration of mammalian cell reprogramming by bacterial proteins. Genes Cells 2017; 22:918-928. [PMID: 28776863 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of cell reprogramming and differentiation involve various signaling factors. Small molecule compounds have been identified to artificially influence these factors through interacting cellular proteins. Although such small molecule compounds are useful to enhance reprogramming and differentiation and to show the mechanisms that underlie these events, the screening usually requires a large number of compounds to identify only a very small number of hits (e.g., one hit among several tens of thousands of compounds). Here, we show a proof of concept that xenospecific gene products can affect the efficiency of cell reprogramming to pluripotency. Thirty genes specific for the bacterium Wolbachia pipientis were forcibly expressed individually along with reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) that can generate induced pluripotent stem cells in mammalian cells, and eight were found to affect the reprogramming efficiency either positively or negatively (hit rate 26.7%). Mechanistic analysis suggested one of these proteins interacted with cytoskeleton to promote reprogramming. Our results raise the possibility that xenospecific gene products provide an alternative way to study the regulatory mechanism of cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikeda
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ikuo Uchiyama
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Mio Iwasaki
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Sasaki
- Honeybee Science Research Center, Research Institute, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Masui
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Nie L, Yuan XL, Jiang KT, Jiang YH, Yuan J, Luo L, Cui SW, Sun C. Salsalate Activates Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis and Protects Mice from High-Fat Diet Induced Metabolic Dysfunction. EBioMedicine 2017; 23:136-145. [PMID: 28801239 PMCID: PMC5605325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salsalate plays beneficial roles for ameliorating hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes patients, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, by administering salsalate to mice fed with high fat diet and examining how salsalate rectifies metabolic dysfunction in these obese mice, we found that salsalate stimulated body temperature and attenuated body weight gain without affecting food intake. Our results showed that salsalate application decreased lipid accumulation in liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis and improved insulin signaling transduction in eWAT. In addition, salsalate increased the expression of genes related to glucose and fatty acid transport and oxidation in skeletal muscle. Our results also showed that expression of genes in mitochondrial uncoupling and mitochondrial electron transport are strengthened by salsalate. Moreover, sarcolipin (Sln) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 + ATPase 2 (Serca2) in skeletal muscle were enhanced in salsalate-treated mice. Together, our data suggest that the beneficial metabolic effects of salsalate may depend, at least in part, on skeletal muscle thermogenesis via activation of mitochondrial uncoupling and the axis of Sln/Serca2a. Salsalate improves metabolic dysfunction in high-fat diet induced obese mice. Salsalate stimulates energy expenditure by activating skeletal muscle thermogenesis.
It has been well documented that salicylate-based compounds play beneficial roles for treating obesity-related metabolic syndromes and enhanced energy expenditure was thought to be one of the underlying mechanisms. However, the tissues targeted by salicylate for energy expenditure and the involved mechanisms are still not clear. Our data show that, by activating mitochondrial uncoupling and the axis of Sln/Serca2, salsalate stimulates skeletal muscle thermogenesis in high-fat diet induced obese mice. Therefore, we suggest skeletal muscle thermogenesis may account for salsalate-induced energy expenditure and its beneficial metabolic effects in type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Nie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xin-Lu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Ke-Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yu-Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Geratology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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79
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McGowan SE, McCoy DM. Glucocorticoids Retain Bipotent Fibroblast Progenitors during Alveolar Septation in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:111-120. [PMID: 28530121 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0376oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been widely used and exert pleiotropic effects on alveolar structure and function, but do not improve the long-term clinical outcomes for patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, emphysema, or interstitial lung diseases. Treatments that foster alveolar regeneration could substantially improve the long-term outcomes for such patients. One approach to alveolar regeneration is to stimulate and guide intrinsic alveolar progenitors along developmental pathways used during secondary septation. Other investigators and we have identified platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α-expressing fibroblast subpopulations that are alternatively skewed toward myofibroblast or lipofibroblast phenotypes. In this study, we administered either the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone (Dex) or the antagonist mifepristone to mice during the first postnatal week and evaluated their effects on cellular proliferation and adoption of α-smooth muscle actin and lipid droplets (markers of the myofibroblast and lipofibroblast phenotypes, respectively). We observed that Dex increased the relative abundance of fibroblasts with progenitor characteristics, i.e., containing both α-smooth muscle actin and lipid droplets, uncoupling protein-1 (a marker of brown and beige adipocytes), delta-like ligand-1, and stem cell antigen-1. Dex enhanced signaling through the Smad1/5 pathway, which increased uncoupling protein-1 in a lung fibroblast progenitor cell line. We conclude that glucocorticoid receptor manipulation can sustain fibroblast plasticity, and posit that targeting downstream glucocorticoid responsive pathways could steer fibroblast progenitors along more desirable regenerative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Diann M McCoy
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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80
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AMP-activated protein kinase/myocardin-related transcription factor-A signaling regulates fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis. Kidney Int 2017; 93:81-94. [PMID: 28739141 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a major cause of death, and renal fibrosis is a common pathway leading to the progression of this disease. Although activated fibroblasts are responsible for the production of the extracellular matrix and the development of renal fibrosis, the molecular mechanisms underlying fibroblast activation are not fully defined. Here we examined the functional role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the activation of fibroblasts and the development of renal fibrosis. AMPKα1 was induced in the kidney during the development of renal fibrosis. Mice with global or fibroblast-specific knockout of AMPKα1 exhibited fewer myofibroblasts, developed less fibrosis, and produced less extracellular matrix protein in the kidneys following unilateral ureteral obstruction or ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mechanistically, AMPKα1 directly phosphorylated cofilin leading to cytoskeleton remodeling and myocardin-related transcription factor-A nuclear translocation resulting in fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix protein production. Thus, AMPK may be a critical regulator of fibroblast activation through regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics and myocardin-related transcription factor-A nuclear translocation. Hence, AMPK signaling may represent a novel therapeutic target for fibrotic kidney disease.
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81
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Guo X, Li F, Xu Z, Yin A, Yin H, Li C, Chen SY. DOCK2 deficiency mitigates HFD-induced obesity by reducing adipose tissue inflammation and increasing energy expenditure. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1777-1784. [PMID: 28716822 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m073049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and many other diseases. Adipose tissue inflammation is frequently associated with obesity and contributes to the morbidity and mortality. Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) is involved in several inflammatory diseases, but its role in obesity remains unknown. To explore the function of DOCK2 in obesity and insulin resistance, WT and DOCK2-deficient (DOCK2-/-) mice were given chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks followed by metabolic, biochemical, and histologic analyses. DOCK2 was robustly induced in adipose tissues of WT mice given HFD. DOCK2-/- mice with HFD showed decreased body weight gain and improved metabolic homeostasis and insulin resistance compared with WT mice. DOCK2 deficiency also attenuated adipose tissue and systemic inflammation accompanied by reduced macrophage infiltration. Moreover, DOCK2-/- mice exhibited increased expression of metabolic genes in adipose tissues with greater energy expenditure. Mechanistically, DOCK2 appeared to regulate brown adipocyte differentiation because increased preadipocyte differentiation to brown adipocytes in interscapular and inguinal fat was observed in DOCK2-/- mice, as compared with WT. These data indicated that DOCK2 deficiency protects mice from HFD-induced obesity, at least in part, by stimulating brown adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, targeting DOCK2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Feifei Li
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaiyan Xu
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Amelia Yin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Hang Yin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Chenxiao Li
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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82
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Abstract
The induction of brown-like adipocyte development in white adipose tissue (WAT) confers numerous metabolic benefits by decreasing adiposity and increasing energy expenditure. Therefore, WAT browning has gained considerable attention for its potential to reverse obesity and its associated co-morbidities. However, this perspective has been tainted by recent studies identifying the detrimental effects of inducing WAT browning. This review aims to highlight the adverse outcomes of both overactive and underactive browning activity, the harmful side effects of browning agents, as well as the molecular brake-switch system that has been proposed to regulate this process. Developing novel strategies that both sustain the metabolic improvements of WAT browning and attenuate the related adverse side effects is therefore essential for unlocking the therapeutic potential of browning agents in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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83
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Zhu B, Rippe C, Thi Hien T, Zeng J, Albinsson S, Stenkula KG, Uvelius B, Swärd K. Similar regulatory mechanisms of caveolins and cavins by myocardin family coactivators in arterial and bladder smooth muscle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176759. [PMID: 28542204 PMCID: PMC5444588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are membrane invaginations present at high densities in muscle and fat. Recent work has demonstrated that myocardin family coactivators (MYOCD, MKL1), which are important for contractile differentiation and cell motility, increase caveolin (CAV1, CAV2, CAV3) and cavin (CAVIN1, CAVIN2, CAVIN3) transcription, but several aspects of this control mechanism remain to be investigated. Here, using promoter reporter assays we found that both MKL1/MRTF-A and MKL2/MRTF-B control caveolins and cavins via their proximal promoter sequences. Silencing of MKL1 and MKL2 in smooth muscle cells moreover reduced CAV1 and CAVIN1 mRNA levels by well over 50%, as did treatment with second generation inhibitors of MKL activity. GATA6, which modulates expression of smooth muscle-specific genes, reduced CAV1 and CAV2, whereas the cavins were unaffected or increased. Viral overexpression of MKL1 and myocardin induced caveolin and cavin expression in bladder smooth muscle cells from rats and humans and MYOCD correlated tightly with CAV1 and CAVIN1 in human bladder specimens. A recently described activator of MKL-driven transcription (ISX) failed to induce CAV1/CAVIN1 which may be due to an unusual transactivation mechanism. In all, these findings further support the view that myocardin family coactivators are important transcriptional drivers of caveolins and cavins in smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Zhu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Urology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tran Thi Hien
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jianwen Zeng
- Department of Urology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Karin G. Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Uvelius
- Department of Urology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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84
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Abstract
Aging is accompanied by major changes in adipose tissue distribution and function. In particular, with time, thermogenic-competent beige adipocytes progressively gain a white adipocyte morphology. However, the mechanisms controlling the age-related transition of beige adipocytes to white adipocytes remain unclear. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (Lsd1) is an epigenetic eraser enzyme positively regulating differentiation and function of adipocytes. Here we show that Lsd1 levels decrease in aging inguinal white adipose tissue concomitantly with beige fat cell decline. Accordingly, adipocyte-specific increase of Lsd1 expression is sufficient to rescue the age-related transition of beige adipocytes to white adipocytes in vivo, whereas loss of Lsd1 precipitates it. Lsd1 maintains beige adipocytes by controlling the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (Ppara), and treatment with a Ppara agonist is sufficient to rescue the loss of beige adipocytes caused by Lsd1 ablation. In summary, our data provide insights into the mechanism controlling the age-related beige-to-white adipocyte transition and identify Lsd1 as a regulator of beige fat cell maintenance.
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85
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Vishvanath L, Long JZ, Spiegelman BM, Gupta RK. Do Adipocytes Emerge from Mural Progenitors? Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:585-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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86
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Hepler C, Gupta RK. The expanding problem of adipose depot remodeling and postnatal adipocyte progenitor recruitment. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 445:95-108. [PMID: 27743993 PMCID: PMC5346481 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rising incidence of obesity and associated metabolic diseases has increased the urgency in understanding all aspects of adipose tissue biology. This includes the function of adipocytes, how adipose tissue expands in obesity, and how expanded adipose tissues in adults can impact physiology. Here, we highlight the growing appreciation for the importance of de novo adipocyte differentiation to adipose tissue expansion in adult humans and animals. We detail recent efforts to identify adipose precursor populations that contribute to the physiological postnatal recruitment of white, brown, and beige adipocytes in mice, and summarize new data that reveal the complexity of adipose tissue development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hepler
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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87
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Xu W, Xu H, Fang M, Wu X, Xu Y. MKL1 links epigenetic activation of MMP2 to ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:500-508. [PMID: 28385531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Responding to pro-metastatic cues such as low oxygen tension, cancer cells develop several different strategies to facilitate migration and invasion. During this process, expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are up-regulated so that cancer cells can more easily enter or exit the circulation. In this report we show that message levels of the transcriptional modulator MKL1 were elevated in malignant forms of ovarian cancer tissues in humans when compared to more benign forms accompanying a similar change in MMP2 expression. MKL1 silencing blocked hypoxia-induced migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3) in vitro. Over-expression of MKL1 activated while MKL1 depletion repressed MMP2 transcription in SKOV-3 cells. MKL1 was recruited to the MMP2 promoter by NF-κB in response to hypoxia. Mechanistically, MKL1 recruited a histone methyltransferase, SET1, and a chromatin remodeling protein, BRG1, and coordinated their interaction to alter the chromatin structure surrounding the MMP2 promoter leading to transcriptional activation. Both BRG1 and SET1 were essential for hypoxia-induced MMP2 trans-activation. Finally, expression levels of SET1 and BRG1 were positively correlated with ovarian cancer malignancies in humans. Together, our data suggest that MKL1 promotes ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion by epigenetically activating MMP2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Fang
- Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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88
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Sim CK, Kim SY, Brunmeir R, Zhang Q, Li H, Dharmasegaran D, Leong C, Lim YY, Han W, Xu F. Regulation of white and brown adipocyte differentiation by RhoGAP DLC1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174761. [PMID: 28358928 PMCID: PMC5373604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues constitute an important component of metabolism, the dysfunction of which can cause obesity and type II diabetes. Here we show that differentiation of white and brown adipocytes requires Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 (DLC1), a Rho GTPase Activating Protein (RhoGAP) previously studied for its function in liver cancer. We identified Dlc1 as a super-enhancer associated gene in both white and brown adipocytes through analyzing the genome-wide binding profiles of PPARγ, the master regulator of adipogenesis. We further observed that Dlc1 expression increases during differentiation, and knockdown of Dlc1 by siRNA in white adipocytes reduces the formation of lipid droplets and the expression of fat marker genes. Moreover, knockdown of Dlc1 in brown adipocytes reduces expression of brown fat-specific genes and diminishes mitochondrial respiration. Dlc1-/- knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts show a complete inability to differentiate into adipocytes, but this phenotype can be rescued by inhibitors of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and filamentous actin (F-actin), suggesting the involvement of Rho pathway in DLC1-regulated adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, PPARγ binds to the promoter of Dlc1 gene to regulate its expression during both white and brown adipocyte differentiation. These results identify DLC1 as an activator of white and brown adipocyte differentiation, and provide a molecular link between PPARγ and Rho pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Kiat Sim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sun-Yee Kim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Reinhard Brunmeir
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Qiongyi Zhang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hongyu Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Dharmini Dharmasegaran
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Carol Leong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ying Yan Lim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng Xu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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89
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Rosiglitazone drives cavin-2/SDPR expression in adipocytes in a CEBPα-dependent manner. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173412. [PMID: 28278164 PMCID: PMC5344386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are abundant adipocyte surface domains involved in insulin signaling, membrane trafficking and lipid homeostasis. Transcriptional control mechanisms for caveolins and cavins, the building blocks of caveolae, are thus arguably important for adipocyte biology and studies in this area may give insight into insulin resistance and diabetes. Here we addressed the hypothesis that one of the less characterized caveolar components, cavin-2 (SDPR), is controlled by CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein (CEBPα) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG). Using human mRNA expression data we found that SDPR correlated with PPARG in several tissues. This was also observed during differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipocytes. Treatment of 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes with the PPARγ-activator Rosiglitazone increased SDPR and CEBPα expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Silencing of CEBPα antagonized these effects. Further, adenoviral expression of PPARγ/CEBPα or Rosiglitazone-treatment increased SDPR expression in primary rat adipocytes. The myocardin family coactivator MKL1 was recently shown to regulate SDPR expression in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. However, we found that actin depolymerization, known to inhibit MKL1 and MKL2, was without effect on SDPR mRNA levels in adipocytes, even though overexpression of MKL1 and MKL2 had the capacity to increase caveolins and cavins and to repress PPARγ/CEBPα. Altogether, this work demonstrates that CEBPα expression and PPARγ-activity promote SDPR transcription and further supports the emerging notion that PPARγ/CEBPα and MKL1/MKL2 are antagonistic in adipocytes.
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90
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Marcelin G, Ferreira A, Liu Y, Atlan M, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Pelloux V, Botbol Y, Ambrosini M, Fradet M, Rouault C, Hénégar C, Hulot JS, Poitou C, Torcivia A, Nail-Barthelemy R, Bichet JC, Gautier EL, Clément K. A PDGFRα-Mediated Switch toward CD9 high Adipocyte Progenitors Controls Obesity-Induced Adipose Tissue Fibrosis. Cell Metab 2017; 25:673-685. [PMID: 28215843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-induced white adipose tissue (WAT) fibrosis is believed to accelerate WAT dysfunction. However, the cellular origin of WAT fibrosis remains unclear. Here, we show that adipocyte platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α-positive (PDGFRα+) progenitors adopt a fibrogenic phenotype in obese mice prone to visceral WAT fibrosis. More specifically, a subset of PDGFRα+ cells with high CD9 expression (CD9high) originates pro-fibrotic cells whereas their CD9low counterparts, committed to adipogenesis, are almost completely lost in the fibrotic WAT. PDGFRα pathway activation promotes a phenotypic shift toward PDGFRα+CD9high fibrogenic cells, driving pathological remodeling and altering WAT function in obesity. These findings translated to human obesity as the frequency of CD9high progenitors in omental WAT (oWAT) correlates with oWAT fibrosis level, insulin-resistance severity, and type 2 diabetes. Collectively, our data demonstrate that in addition to representing a WAT adipogenic niche, different PDGFRα+ cell subsets modulate obesity-induced WAT fibrogenesis and are associated with loss of metabolic fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Marcelin
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166 (teams 2, 4, and 6 NutriOmics), F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1166, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Adaliene Ferreira
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166 (teams 2, 4, and 6 NutriOmics), F-75013 Paris, France; Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166 (teams 2, 4, and 6 NutriOmics), F-75013 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department and Hepato-biliary and Digestive Surgery Department, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Michael Atlan
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Aesthetic Plastic Reconstructive Unit, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166 (teams 2, 4, and 6 NutriOmics), F-75013 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department and Hepato-biliary and Digestive Surgery Department, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Pelloux
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166 (teams 2, 4, and 6 NutriOmics), F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Yair Botbol
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Marc Ambrosini
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166 (teams 2, 4, and 6 NutriOmics), F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Magali Fradet
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Christine Rouault
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166 (teams 2, 4, and 6 NutriOmics), F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Corneliu Hénégar
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166 (teams 2, 4, and 6 NutriOmics), F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166 (teams 2, 4, and 6 NutriOmics), F-75013 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department and Hepato-biliary and Digestive Surgery Department, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Adriana Torcivia
- Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department and Hepato-biliary and Digestive Surgery Department, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Raphael Nail-Barthelemy
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Aesthetic Plastic Reconstructive Unit, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Bichet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Plastic Surgery and Mammary Cancer Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166 (teams 2, 4, and 6 NutriOmics), F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166 (teams 2, 4, and 6 NutriOmics), F-75013 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department and Hepato-biliary and Digestive Surgery Department, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1166, F-75013 Paris, France.
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91
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Loft A, Forss I, Mandrup S. Genome-Wide Insights into the Development and Function of Thermogenic Adipocytes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:104-120. [PMID: 27979331 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brown and brown-like adipocytes are specialized adipocytes with a high capacity to convert metabolic energy to heat. This function is not only eminent in supporting organismal thermogenesis, but may also have potential in the fight against obesity. The latter has spurred a massive interest in understanding the development and regulation of these thermogenic adipocytes. Here, we review how genome-wide studies based on next-generation sequencing have provided insight into how the chromatin and transcriptional landscapes are established in thermogenic adipocytes and how thermogenic signals can change the genomic programming of white adipocytes. Furthermore, we discuss how the integration of genomic data can be used to discover novel transcriptional pathways that may be modulated as part of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Loft
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Forss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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92
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Rosenwald M, Efthymiou V, Opitz L, Wolfrum C. SRF and MKL1 Independently Inhibit Brown Adipogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170643. [PMID: 28125644 PMCID: PMC5268445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Active brown adipose tissue is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals which affects energy homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms underlying this activation as well as the formation and activation of brite adipocytes have gained increasing interest in recent years as they might be utilized to regulate systemic metabolism. We show here that the transcriptional regulators SRF and MKL1 both act as repressors of brown adipogenesis. Loss-of-function of these transcription factors leads to a significant induction of brown adipocyte differentiation, increased levels of UCP1 and other thermogenic genes as well as increased respiratory function, while SRF induction exerts the opposite effects. Interestingly, we observed that knockdown of MKL1 does not lead to a reduced expression of typical SRF target genes and that the SRF/MKL1 inhibitor CCG-1423 had no significant effects on brown adipocyte differentiation. Contrary, knockdown of MKL1 induces a significant increase in the transcriptional activity of PPARγ target genes and MKL1 interacts with PPARγ, suggesting that SRF and MKL1 independently inhibit brown adipogenesis and that MKL1 exerts its effect mainly by modulating PPARγ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rosenwald
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Vissarion Efthymiou
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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93
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Zou T, Chen D, Yang Q, Wang B, Zhu MJ, Nathanielsz PW, Du M. Resveratrol supplementation of high-fat diet-fed pregnant mice promotes brown and beige adipocyte development and prevents obesity in male offspring. J Physiol 2017; 595:1547-1562. [PMID: 27891610 DOI: 10.1113/jp273478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Maternal high-fat diet impairs brown adipocyte function and correlates with obesity in offspring. Maternal resveratrol administration recovers metabolic activity of offspring brown adipose tissue. Maternal resveratrol promotes beige adipocyte development in offspring white adipose tissue. Maternal resveratrol intervention protects offspring against high-fat diet-induced obesity. ABSTRACT Promoting beige/brite adipogenesis and thermogenic activity is considered as a promising therapeutic approach to reduce obesity and metabolic syndrome. Maternal obesity impairs offspring brown adipocyte function and correlates with obesity in offspring. We previously found that dietary resveratrol (RES) induces beige adipocyte formation in adult mice. Here, we evaluated further the effect of resveratrol supplementation of pregnant mice on offspring thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Female C57BL/6 J mice were fed a control diet (CON) or a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without 0.2% (w/w) RES during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring were weaned onto a HFD and maintained on this diet for 11 weeks. The offspring thermogenesis and related regulatory factors in adipose tissue were evaluated. At weaning, HFD offspring had lower thermogenesis in brown and white adipose tissues compared with CON offspring, which was recovered by maternal RES supplementation, along with the appearance of multilocular brown/beige adipocytes and elevated thermogenic gene expression. Adult offspring of RES-treated mothers showed increased energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity when on an obesogenic diet compared with HFD offspring. The elevated metabolic activity was correlated with enhanced brown adipose function and white adipose tissue browning in HFD+RES compared with HFD offspring. In conclusion, RES supplementation of HFD-fed dams during pregnancy and lactation promoted white adipose browning and thermogenesis in offspring at weaning accompanied by persistent beneficial effects in protecting against HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiande Zou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Washington Centre for Muscle Biology and Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Washington Centre for Muscle Biology and Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Washington Centre for Muscle Biology and Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Pregnancy and Life Course Health Centre, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Min Du
- Washington Centre for Muscle Biology and Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100194, China
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94
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Abstract
The ability to maintain and expand the pool of adipocytes in adults is integral to the regulation of energy balance, tissue/stem cell homeostasis, and disease pathogenesis. For decades, our knowledge of adipocyte precursors has relied on cellular models. The identity of native adipocyte precursors has remained unclear. Recent studies have identified distinct adipocyte precursor populations that are physiologically regulated and contribute to the development, maintenance, and expansion of adipocyte pools in mice. With new tools available, the properties of adipocyte precursors can now be defined, and the regulation and function of adipose plasticity in development and physiology can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hepler
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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95
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Casteras S, Abdul-Wahed A, Soty M, Vulin F, Guillou H, Campana M, Le Stunff H, Pirola L, Rajas F, Mithieux G, Gautier-Stein A. The suppression of hepatic glucose production improves metabolism and insulin sensitivity in subcutaneous adipose tissue in mice. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2645-2653. [PMID: 27631137 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Despite the strong correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis is associated with greater whole-body insulin sensitivity in several models. We previously reported that the inhibition of hepatic glucose production (HGP) protects against the development of obesity and diabetes despite severe steatosis, thanks to the secretion of specific hepatokines such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and angiopoietin-related growth factor. In this work, we focused on adipose tissue to assess whether liver metabolic fluxes might, by interorgan communication, control insulin signalling in lean animals. METHODS Insulin signalling was studied in the adipose tissue of mice lacking the catalytic subunit of glucose 6-phosphatase, the key enzyme in endogenous glucose production, in the liver (L-G6pc -/- mice). Morphological and metabolic changes in the adipose tissues were characterised by histological analyses, gene expression and protein content. RESULTS Mice lacking HGP exhibited improved insulin sensitivity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway in the subcutaneous adipose tissue associated with a browning of adipocytes. The suppression of HGP increased FGF21 levels in lean animals, and increased FGF21 was responsible for the metabolic changes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue but not for its greater insulin sensitivity. The latter might be linked to an increase in the ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids released by the liver. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides evidence that HGP controls subcutaneous adipose tissue browning and insulin sensitivity through two pathways: the release of beneficial hepatokines and changes in hepatic fatty acids profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Casteras
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aya Abdul-Wahed
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maud Soty
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fanny Vulin
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- INRA, ToxAlim UMR1331 (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Campana
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative -UMR CNRS 8251, Université Paris- Diderot (7), Paris, France
- I2BC - UMR 9198 Université Paris Sud, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative -UMR CNRS 8251, Université Paris- Diderot (7), Paris, France
- I2BC - UMR 9198 Université Paris Sud, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CarMeN, Oullins, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amandine Gautier-Stein
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France.
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France.
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96
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Bian HX, Wu ZY, Bao B, Cai J, Wang X, Jiang Y, Liu J, Qu W. 1H NMR-based metabolic study reveals the improvements of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) on energy metabolism in diet-induced obese mouse. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3103-3112. [PMID: 27538854 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1211713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity can be ameliorated by some natural products such as polyphenol, flavones and saponin. As a typical medicinal plant, Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) (bitter melon, BM) contains these natural chemicals and reduces diet-induced obesity in mice. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the metabolic effects of dietary BM supplement, investigates a global metabolic profile and determines associated perturbations in metabolic pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with 5% BM based on 37.6 g/kg body weight in average for 12 weeks, respectively. Then energy metabolism was quantified using PhenoMaster/LabMaster. The spectroscopy of urine was acquired by nuclear magnetic resonance and latent biomarkers were identified. Pattern recognition analysis was used to discriminate associated metabolic profiles. RESULTS Dietary BM supplement reduced body weight gain (-0.15-fold, p < 0.01) and blood glucose levels (-0.19-fold, p < 0.01) in HFD-fed mice. Meanwhile, the levels of energy metabolism were enhanced (0.08-0.11-fold, p < 0.01). According to pattern recognition analysis, dietary BM supplement changed metabolic profiles in HFD-fed mice and the modified profiles were similar to those in LFD-fed mice. Finally, the mapping of metabolic pathways showed that dietary BM supplement primarily affected glucose metabolism-associated pathways. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results indicated that BM improves weight loss in diet-induced obesity and elevate energy expenditure in HFD-fed mice. The pattern recognition with metabolic study may be used as a noninvasive detection method to assess the effects of dietary BM supplement on mouse energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xi Bian
- a School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , China
| | - Ze-Yu Wu
- b Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , China
| | - Bin Bao
- a School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , China
| | - Jing Cai
- a School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , China
| | - Xin Wang
- a School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , China
| | - Ying Jiang
- a School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , China
| | - Jian Liu
- a School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , China
| | - Wei Qu
- a School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , China
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97
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Inter-organ regulation of adipose tissue browning. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1765-1776. [PMID: 27866221 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis is an important component of energy expenditure. Brown adipocytes are best known for their ability to convert chemical energy into heat. Beige cells are brown-like adipocytes that arise in white adipose tissue in response to certain environmental cues to dissipate heat and improve metabolic homeostasis. A large body of intrinsic factors and external signals are critical for the function of beige adipocytes. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of neuronal, hormonal, and metabolic regulation of the development and activation of beige adipocytes, with a focus on the regulation of beige adipocytes by other organs, tissues, and cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inter-organ regulation of adipose tissue browning may provide an avenue for combating obesity and associated diseases.
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98
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Li D, Zhang F, Zhang X, Xue C, Namwanje M, Fan L, Reilly MP, Hu F, Qiang L. Distinct functions of PPARγ isoforms in regulating adipocyte plasticity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:132-138. [PMID: 27818196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity and its comorbidities is key to designing new therapies and treatments. PPARγ is a master regulator of adipocyte biology but the functions of its isoforms are poorly distinguished. Here we demonstrated that PPARγ1 is preferentially expressed in catabolic fat depots while PPARγ2 presents itself at a higher level in browning-resistant depots. PPARγ2, but not PPARγ1, responds to endogenous ligands to induce adipogenesis, and the isoforms regulate distinct sets of white and brown adipocyte genes. Moreover, PPARγ1 negatively correlates while PPARγ2 positively correlates with adiposity in human subcutaneous and visceral fat. These results together indicate that PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 have distinct functions in regulating adipocyte plasticity, and future research should take into account the binary roles of both isoforms in order to identify druggable gene targets and pathways relevant for treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Li
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Namwanje
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qiang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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99
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Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes expend chemical energy to produce heat and are therefore important in regulating body temperature and body weight. Brown adipocytes develop in discrete and relatively homogenous depots of brown adipose tissue, whereas beige adipocytes are induced to develop in white adipose tissue in response to certain stimuli - notably, exposure to cold. Fate-mapping analyses have identified progenitor populations that give rise to brown and beige fat cells, and have revealed unanticipated cell-lineage relationships between vascular smooth muscle cells and beige adipocytes, and between skeletal muscle cells and brown fat. In addition, non-adipocyte cells in adipose tissue, including neurons, blood vessel-associated cells and immune cells, have crucial roles in regulating the differentiation and function of brown and beige fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Wang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
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100
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Bian H, Lin JZ, Li C, Farmer SR. Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTFA) regulates the fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and its absence in mice leads to osteopenia. Mol Metab 2016; 5:970-979. [PMID: 27689009 PMCID: PMC5034694 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Arising from common progenitors in the bone marrow, adipogenesis and osteogenesis are closely associated yet mutually exclusive during bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) development. Previous studies have shown that morphological changes can affect the early commitment of pluripotent BMSCs to the adipose versus osteoblastic lineage via modulation of RhoA activity. The RhoA pathway regulates actin polymerization to promote the incorporation of globular actin (G-actin) into filamentous actin (F-actin). In doing so, myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) dissociate from bound G-actin and enter the nucleus to co-activate serum response factor (SRF) target gene expression. In this study, we investigated whether MRTFA/SRF is acting downstream of the RhoA pathway to regulate BMSC commitment in mice. Methods The effects of knocking out MRTFA on skeletal homeostasis was studied in MRTFA KO mice using micro-CT, QPCR and western blot assays. To determine how MRTFA affects the mechanisms regulating BMSC fate decisions, primary bone marrow stromal cells from WT and MRTFA KO mice as well as C3H10T1/2 cell lines were analyzed in vitro. Results Global MRTFA KO mice have lower whole body weight, shorter femoral and tibial lengths as well as significantly decreased bone mass in their femurs. BMSCs isolated from the KO mice show increased adipogenesis and reduced osteogenesis when compared to WT littermates. KO mice, particularly females, develop osteopenia with age, and this was enhanced by a high fat diet. Over-expression of MRTFA or SRF enhances osteogenesis in CH310T1/2 cell lines. Sca1+, CD45− cells from KO marrow express lower amounts of smooth muscle actin (SMA) and TAZ/YAP target genes compared to WT counterparts. Conclusion This study identified MRTFA as a novel regulator of skeletal homeostasis by regulating the balance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. We propose that MRTFA promotes the osteogenic activity of TAZ/YAP by maintaining SMA production in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejiao Bian
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, K606A, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jean Z Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, K606A, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Chendi Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, K606A, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephen R Farmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, K606A, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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