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da Silva MK, Campos DMDO, Akash S, Akter S, Yee LC, Fulco UL, Oliveira JIN. Advances of Reverse Vaccinology for mRNA Vaccine Design against SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Methods and Tools. Viruses 2023; 15:2130. [PMID: 37896907 PMCID: PMC10611333 DOI: 10.3390/v15102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines are a new class of vaccine that can induce potent and specific immune responses against various pathogens. However, the design of mRNA vaccines requires the identification and optimization of suitable antigens, which can be challenging and time consuming. Reverse vaccinology is a computational approach that can accelerate the discovery and development of mRNA vaccines by using genomic and proteomic data of the target pathogen. In this article, we review the advances of reverse vaccinology for mRNA vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. We describe the steps of reverse vaccinology and compare the in silico tools used by different studies to design mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss the challenges and limitations of reverse vaccinology and suggest future directions for its improvement. We conclude that reverse vaccinology is a promising and powerful approach to designing mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karolaynne da Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, RN, Brazil (D.M.d.O.C.)
| | - Daniel Melo de Oliveira Campos
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, RN, Brazil (D.M.d.O.C.)
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Sukrabad, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Shahina Akter
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh;
| | - Leow Chiuan Yee
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 11800, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Umberto Laino Fulco
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, RN, Brazil (D.M.d.O.C.)
| | - Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, RN, Brazil (D.M.d.O.C.)
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Yang S, Duan L, Wang C, Zhang C, Hou S, Wang H, Song J, Zhang T, Li Z, Wang M, Tang J, Zheng Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Zhao W. Activation and induction of antigen-specific T follicular helper cells play a critical role in recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine-induced humoral responses. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:34. [PMID: 37853288 PMCID: PMC10584785 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of follicular T helper (Tfh) cells in humoral response has been considered essential in recent years. Understanding how Tfh cells control complex humoral immunity is critical to developing strategies to improve the efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging pathogens. However, the immunologic mechanism of Tfh cells in SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) vaccine strategy is limited. In this study, we expressed and purified recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein in Drosophila S2 cells for the first time and explored the mechanism of Tfh cells induced by RBD vaccine in humoral immune response. We mapped the dynamic of Tfh cell in lymph node and spleen following RBD vaccination and revealed the relationship between Tfh cells and humoral immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine through correlation analysis, blocking of IL-21 signaling pathway, and co-culture of Tfh with memory B cells. Recombinant RBD protein elicited a predominant Tfh1 and Tfh1-17 subset response and strong GC responses in spleen and lymph nodes, especially to enhanced vaccination. IL-21 secreted by Tfh cells affected the development and differentiation of B cells and played a key role in the humoral immune response. These observations will help us further understand the mechanism of protective immune response induced by COVID-19 vaccine and has guiding significance for the development of vaccines against newly emerging mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Center of Scientific Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangwei Duan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Chan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Hou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiahui Song
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Center of Scientific Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihua Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Scientific Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, People's Republic of China.
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Soni MK, Migliori E, Fu J, Assal A, Chan HT, Pan J, Khatiwada P, Ciubotariu R, May MS, Pereira MR, De Giorgi V, Sykes M, Mapara MY, Muranski PJ. The prospect of universal coronavirus immunity: characterization of reciprocal and non-reciprocal T cell responses against SARS-CoV2 and common human coronaviruses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212203. [PMID: 37901229 PMCID: PMC10612330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell immunity plays a central role in clinical outcomes of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and T cell-focused vaccination or cellular immunotherapy might provide enhanced protection for some immunocompromised patients. Pre-existing T cell memory recognizing SARS-CoV-2 antigens antedating COVID-19 infection or vaccination, may have developed as an imprint of prior infections with endemic non-SARS human coronaviruses (hCoVs) OC43, HKU1, 229E, NL63, pathogens of "common cold". In turn, SARS-CoV-2-primed T cells may recognize emerging variants or other hCoV viruses and modulate the course of subsequent hCoV infections. Cross-immunity between hCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 has not been well characterized. Here, we systematically investigated T cell responses against the immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 spike, nucleocapsid and membrane proteins and corresponding antigens from α- and β-hCoVs among vaccinated, convalescent, and unexposed subjects. Broad T cell immunity against all tested SARS-CoV-2 antigens emerged in COVID-19 survivors. In convalescent and in vaccinated individuals, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cells reliably recognized most SARS-CoV-2 variants, however cross-reactivity against the omicron variant was reduced by approximately 47%. Responses against spike, nucleocapsid and membrane antigens from endemic hCoVs were significantly more extensive in COVID-19 survivors than in unexposed subjects and displayed cross-reactivity between α- and β-hCoVs. In some, non-SARS hCoV-specific T cells demonstrated a prominent non-reciprocal cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 antigens, whereas a distinct anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunological repertoire emerged post-COVID-19, with relatively limited cross-recognition of non-SARS hCoVs. Based on this cross-reactivity pattern, we established a strategy for in-vitro expansion of universal anti-hCoV T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Overall, these results have implications for the future design of universal vaccines and cell-based immune therapies against SARS- and non-SARS-CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithil K. Soni
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Edoardo Migliori
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amer Assal
- Department of Medicine, Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hei Ton Chan
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jian Pan
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Prabesh Khatiwada
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rodica Ciubotariu
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael S. May
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcus R. Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Markus Y. Mapara
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pawel J. Muranski
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Stai S, Fylaktou A, Kasimatis E, Xochelli A, Lioulios G, Nikolaidou V, Papadopoulou A, Myserlis G, Iosifidou AM, Iosifidou MA, Papagianni A, Yannaki E, Tsoulfas G, Stangou M. Immune Profile Determines Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1583. [PMID: 37896986 PMCID: PMC10611345 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Immune status profile can predict response to vaccination, while lymphocyte phenotypic alterations represent its effectiveness. We prospectively evaluated these parameters in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) regarding Tozinameran (BNT162b2) vaccination. METHOD In this prospective monocenter observational study, 39 adult KTRs, on stable immunosuppression, naïve to COVID-19, with no protective humoral response after two Tozinameran doses, received the third vaccination dose, and, based on their immunity activation, they were classified as responders or non-responders. Humoral and cellular immunities were assessed at predefined time points (T0: 48 h before the first, T1: 48 h prior to the third and T2: three weeks after the third dose). RESULTS Responders, compared to non-responders, had a higher total and transitional B-lymphocyte count at baseline (96.5 (93) vs. 51 (52)cells/μL, p: 0.045 and 9 (17) vs. 1 (2)cells/μL, p: 0.031, respectively). In the responder group, there was a significant increase, from T0 to T1, in the concentrations of activated CD4+ (from 6.5 (4) to 10.08 (11)cells/μL, p: 0.001) and CD8+ (from 8 (19) to 14.76 (16)cells/μL, p: 0.004) and a drop in CD3+PD1+ T-cells (from 130 (121) to 30.44 (25)cells/μL, p: 0.001), while naïve and transitional B-cells increased from T1 to T2 (from 57.55 (66) to 1149.3 (680)cells/μL, p < 0.001 and from 1.4 (3) to 17.5 (21)cells/μL, p: 0.003). The percentages of memory and marginal zone B-lymphocytes, and activated CD4+, CD8+ and natural killer (NK) T-cells significantly increased, while those of naïve B-cells and CD3+PD1+ T-cells reduced from T0 to T1. CONCLUSIONS Responders and non-responders to the third BNT162b2 dose demonstrated distinct initial immune cell profiles and changes in cellular subpopulation composition following vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Stai
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (E.K.); (G.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.I.); (M.A.I.); (A.P.); (G.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asimina Fylaktou
- Department of Immunology, National Histocompatibility Center, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.F.); (A.X.); (V.N.)
| | - Efstratios Kasimatis
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (E.K.); (G.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.I.); (M.A.I.); (A.P.); (G.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aliki Xochelli
- Department of Immunology, National Histocompatibility Center, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.F.); (A.X.); (V.N.)
| | - Georgios Lioulios
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (E.K.); (G.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.I.); (M.A.I.); (A.P.); (G.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Nikolaidou
- Department of Immunology, National Histocompatibility Center, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.F.); (A.X.); (V.N.)
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, “George Papanikolaou” Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (E.Y.)
| | - Grigorios Myserlis
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (E.K.); (G.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.I.); (M.A.I.); (A.P.); (G.T.)
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Artemis Maria Iosifidou
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (E.K.); (G.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.I.); (M.A.I.); (A.P.); (G.T.)
| | - Myrto Aikaterini Iosifidou
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (E.K.); (G.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.I.); (M.A.I.); (A.P.); (G.T.)
| | - Aikaterini Papagianni
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (E.K.); (G.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.I.); (M.A.I.); (A.P.); (G.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Hematology Department, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, “George Papanikolaou” Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (E.Y.)
| | - Georgios Tsoulfas
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (E.K.); (G.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.I.); (M.A.I.); (A.P.); (G.T.)
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Stangou
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (E.K.); (G.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.I.); (M.A.I.); (A.P.); (G.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
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He R, Zheng X, Zhang J, Liu B, Wang Q, Wu Q, Liu Z, Chang F, Hu Y, Xie T, Liu Y, Chen J, Yang J, Teng S, Lu R, Pan D, Wang Y, Peng L, Huang W, Terzieva V, Liu W, Wang Y, Li YP, Qu X. SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T FH cells exhibit unique responses in infected and vaccinated individuals. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:393. [PMID: 37802996 PMCID: PMC10558553 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for preventing reinfection. The production of neutralizing antibody (nAb) and B cell differentiation are tightly regulated by T follicular help (TFH) cells. However, the longevity and functional role of TFH cell subsets in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccine recipients remain poorly defined. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection and inactivated vaccine elicited both spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cell and CXCR3- TFH cell responses, which showed distinct response patterns. Spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cells exhibit a dominant and more durable response than CXCR3- TFH cells that positively correlated with antibody responses. A third booster dose preferentially expands the spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cell subset induced by two doses of inactivated vaccine, contributing to antibody maturation and potency. Functionally, spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cells have a greater ability to induce spike-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) differentiation compared to spike-specific CXCR3- TFH cells. In conclusion, the persistent and functional role of spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cells following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination may play an important role in antibody maintenance and recall response, thereby conferring long-term protection. The findings from this study will inform the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines aiming to induce long-term protective immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhang He
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Qijie Wang
- The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Chang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yabin Hu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ting Xie
- The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Yongchen Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Shishan Teng
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - You Wang
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
- School of Public Health, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, China
| | - Liting Peng
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Key Laboratory of Biological Product Quality Research and Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration, 102629, Beijing, China
| | - Velislava Terzieva
- Laboratory of OMICs Technologies, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Wenpei Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Key Laboratory of Biological Product Quality Research and Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration, 102629, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaowang Qu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China.
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China.
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56
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Silva-Moraes V, Souquette A, Sautto GA, Paciello I, Antonelli G, Andreano E, Rappuoli R, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Ross TM. Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Enhances Initial mRNA Vaccine Response with a Lower Impact on Long-Term Immunity. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:635-651. [PMID: 37819998 PMCID: PMC10615651 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spike-encoding mRNA vaccines in early 2021 effectively reduced SARS-CoV-2-associated morbidity and mortality. New booster regimens were introduced due to successive waves of distinct viral variants. Therefore, people now have a diverse immune memory resulting from multiple SARS-CoV-2 Ag exposures, from infection to following vaccination. This level of community-wide immunity can induce immunological protection from SARS-CoV-2; however, questions about the trajectory of the adaptive immune responses and long-term immunity with respect to priming and repeated Ag exposure remain poorly explored. In this study, we examined the trajectory of adaptive immune responses following three doses of monovalent Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in immunologically naive and SARS-CoV-2 preimmune individuals without the occurrence of breakthrough infection. The IgG, B cell, and T cell Spike-specific responses were assessed in human blood samples collected at six time points between a moment before vaccination and up to 6 mo after the third immunization. Overall, the impact of repeated Spike exposures had a lower improvement on T cell frequency and longevity compared with IgG responses. Natural infection shaped the responses following the initial vaccination by significantly increasing neutralizing Abs and specific CD4+ T cell subsets (circulating T follicular helper, effector memory, and Th1-producing cells), but it had a small benefit at long-term immunity. At the end of the three-dose vaccination regimen, both SARS-CoV-2-naive and preimmune individuals had similar immune memory quality and quantity. This study provides insights into the durability of mRNA vaccine-induced immunological memory and the effects of preimmunity on long-term responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva-Moraes
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL
| | - Aisha Souquette
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Giuseppe A. Sautto
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL
| | - Ida Paciello
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Lab, Foundation Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Antonelli
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Lab, Foundation Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Andreano
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Lab, Foundation Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Bruno A, Buttari F, Dolcetti E, Azzolini F, Borrelli A, Lauritano G, Di Caprio V, Rizzo FR, Gilio L, Galifi G, Furlan R, Finardi A, Guadalupi L, Musella A, Mandolesi G, Centonze D, Stampanoni Bassi M. Distinct intrathecal inflammatory signatures following relapse and anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2023; 29:1383-1392. [PMID: 37698019 DOI: 10.1177/13524585231197928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of vaccine-mediated inflammation in exacerbating multiple sclerosis (MS) is a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE In this cross-sectional study, we compared the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation associated with MS relapses or anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS We dosed CSF cytokines in 97 unvaccinated RRMS patients with clinical relapse within the last 100 days. In addition, we enrolled 29 stable RRMS and 24 control patients receiving COVID-19 vaccine within the last 100 days. RESULTS In RRMS patients, a negative association was found between relapse distance and the CSF concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 (beta = -0.265, p = 0.016), IL-6 (beta = -0.284, p = 0.01), and IL-17 (beta = -0.224, p = 0.044). Conversely, vaccine distance positively correlated with a different set of cytokines including IL-12 (beta = 0.576, p = 0.002), IL-13 (beta = 0.432, p = 0.027), and IL-1ra (beta = 0.387, p = 0.05). These associations were significant also considering other clinical characteristics. No significant associations emerged between vaccine distance and CSF molecules in the control group. CONCLUSION Vaccine for COVID-19 induces a central inflammatory response in RRMS patients that is qualitatively different from that associated with disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gianluca Lauritano
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Caprio
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Rizzo
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Gilio
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy Faculty of Psychology Uninettuno Telematic International University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Livia Guadalupi
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Italy Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, University of Rome San Raffaele, Italy
| | - Alessandra Musella
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Italy Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, University of Rome San Raffaele, Italy
| | - Georgia Mandolesi
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Italy Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, University of Rome San Raffaele, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Marumo Y, Yoshida T, Furukawa Y, Ina K, Kamiya A, Kataoka T, Kayukawa S. Serological response 5 months after the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in patients with various hematological disorders in Japan. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2023; 12:319-327. [PMID: 38025915 PMCID: PMC10655153 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2023.12.4.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with hematological malignancies are at an increased risk of severe infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, developing an adequate immune response after vaccination is difficult, especially in patients with lymphoid neoplasms. Since the long-term effects of the BNT162b2 vaccine are unclear, the humoral immune response 5 months after the two vaccinations in patients with hematological disorders was analyzed. Materials and Methods Samples were collected from 96 patients vaccinated twice with BNT162b2 and treated with at least one line of an antitumor or immunosuppressive drug in our hospital from November 2021 to February 2022. Serum anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) antibody titers were analyzed. Patients were age- and sex-matched using propensity matching and compared with a healthy control group. Patients with serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were defined as 'responder' if >50 U/mL. The patients had B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), multiple myeloma, chronic myeloid leukemia, etc. Results Patients had significantly low antibody levels (median, 55.3 U/mL vs. 809.8 U/mL; p<0.001) and a significantly low response rate (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with B-NHL, aged >72 years, were associated with a low response to vaccination. There were no significant differences between patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and healthy controls. Conclusion Our study shows that patients with hematological disorders are at risk of developing severe COVID-19 infections because of low responsiveness to vaccination. Moreover, the rate of antibody positivity differed between the disease groups. Further studies are warranted to determine an appropriate preventive method for these patients, especially those with B-NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Marumo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Furukawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Ina
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shinseikai Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kamiya
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takae Kataoka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kayukawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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59
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Painter MM, Johnston TS, Lundgreen KA, Santos JJS, Qin JS, Goel RR, Apostolidis SA, Mathew D, Fulmer B, Williams JC, McKeague ML, Pattekar A, Goode A, Nasta S, Baxter AE, Giles JR, Skelly AN, Felley LE, McLaughlin M, Weaver J, Kuthuru O, Dougherty J, Adamski S, Long S, Kee M, Clendenin C, da Silva Antunes R, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Huang AC, Rader DJ, Hensley SE, Bates P, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1711-1724. [PMID: 37735592 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorously study early recall responses during human viral infection. To better understand human immune memory and identify potential mediators of lasting vaccine efficacy, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and SARS-CoV-2 antigen probes to examine immune responses in longitudinal samples from vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave. These studies revealed heightened spike-specific responses during infection of vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Spike-specific cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells and plasmablasts expanded and CD8 T cells were robustly activated during the first week. In contrast, memory B cell activation, neutralizing antibody production and primary responses to nonspike antigens occurred during the second week. Collectively, these data demonstrate the functionality of vaccine-primed immune memory and highlight memory T cells as rapid responders during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Painter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy S Johnston
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kendall A Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jefferson J S Santos
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juliana S Qin
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rishi R Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bria Fulmer
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine C Williams
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle L McKeague
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmad Goode
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean Nasta
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashwin N Skelly
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura E Felley
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maura McLaughlin
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joellen Weaver
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Macy Kee
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Clendenin
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Medicine Biobank, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Ankrah PK, Ilesanmi A, Akinyemi AO, Lasehinde V, Adurosakin OE, Ajayi OH. Clinical Analysis and Applications of mRNA Vaccines in Infectious Diseases and Cancer Treatment. Cureus 2023; 15:e46354. [PMID: 37920621 PMCID: PMC10619190 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination, for centuries, has been a potent preventive technique to treat morbidities. The messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine technology is an innovative biomedical approach utilized in developing antigen-specific vaccines that can generate adaptive immune responses, triggering both humoral and cellular immunity to enhance the body's defense against specific infections. This review provides a comprehensive, comparative analysis of mRNA vaccine technology and conventional vaccines by focusing on the structures, components, and classifications. An exploratory analysis of the similarities and differences between mRNA vaccine technology and live-attenuated vaccines highlights the mechanisms by which mRNA vaccines elicit immune responses. This review extensively discusses the production, stability, synthesis, and delivery processes associated with mRNA vaccines, showcasing the advancements and technological superiority of this approach over conventional vaccine technologies. Additionally, the potential of mRNA vaccine technology as a potent alternative for the development of vaccine candidates targeting HIV and cancer is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajibola Ilesanmi
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Amos O Akinyemi
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Victor Lasehinde
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Oluwatobi H Ajayi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
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Zhang B, Upadhyay R, Hao Y, Samanovic MI, Herati RS, Blair JD, Axelrad J, Mulligan MJ, Littman DR, Satija R. Multimodal single-cell datasets characterize antigen-specific CD8 + T cells across SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1725-1734. [PMID: 37735591 PMCID: PMC10522491 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 antigen after infection or vaccination is defined by the durable production of antibodies and T cells. Population-based monitoring typically focuses on antibody titer, but there is a need for improved characterization and quantification of T cell responses. Here, we used multimodal sequencing technologies to perform a longitudinal analysis of circulating human leukocytes collected before and after immunization with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2. Our data indicated distinct subpopulations of CD8+ T cells, which reliably appeared 28 days after prime vaccination. Using a suite of cross-modality integration tools, we defined their transcriptome, accessible chromatin landscape and immunophenotype, and we identified unique biomarkers within each modality. We further showed that this vaccine-induced population was SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific and capable of rapid clonal expansion. Moreover, we identified these CD8+ T cell populations in scRNA-seq datasets from COVID-19 patients and found that their relative frequency and differentiation outcomes were predictive of subsequent clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Zhang
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rabi Upadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuhan Hao
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie I Samanovic
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramin S Herati
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John D Blair
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Axelrad
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rahul Satija
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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Hou F, Zhang Y, Liu X, Murad YM, Xu J, Yu Z, Hua X, Song Y, Ding J, Huang H, Zhao R, Jia W, Yang X. mRNA vaccines encoding fusion proteins of monkeypox virus antigens protect mice from vaccinia virus challenge. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5925. [PMID: 37739969 PMCID: PMC10516993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreaks of mpox have raised concerns over the need for effective vaccines. However, the current approved vaccines have either been associated with safety concerns or are in limited supply. mRNA vaccines, which have shown high efficacy and safety against SARS-CoV-2 infection, are a promising alternative. In this study, three mRNA vaccines are developed that encode monkeypox virus (MPXV) proteins A35R and M1R, including A35R extracellular domain -M1R fusions (VGPox 1 and VGPox 2) and a mixture of encapsulated full-length mRNAs for A35R and M1R (VGPox 3). All three vaccines induce early anti-A35R antibodies in female Balb/c mice, but only VGPox 1 and 2 generate detectable levels of anti-M1R antibodies at day 7 after vaccination. However, all three mRNA vaccine groups completely protect mice from a lethal dose of vaccinia virus (VACV) challenge. A single dose of VGPox 1, 2, and 3 provide protection against the lethal viral challenge within 7 days post-vaccination. Long-term immunity and protection were also observed in all three candidates. Additionally, VGPox 2 provided better passive protection. These results suggest that the VGPox series vaccines enhance immunogenicity and can be a viable alternative to current whole-virus vaccines to defend against mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Hou
- Shanghai Virogin Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Hangzhou Virogin Biotech Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited (CNBG), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohu Liu
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., Richmond, Canada
| | | | - Jiang Xu
- Shanghai Virogin Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Shanghai Virogin Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xianwu Hua
- Shanghai Virogin Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jun Ding
- Shanghai Virogin Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Huang
- Shanghai Virogin Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Hangzhou Virogin Biotech Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., Richmond, Canada
| | - Ronghua Zhao
- Shanghai Virogin Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., Richmond, Canada
| | - William Jia
- Shanghai Virogin Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China.
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China.
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., Richmond, Canada.
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited (CNBG), Beijing, China.
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Mudd P, Borcherding N, Kim W, Quinn M, Han F, Zhou J, Sturtz A, Schmitz A, Lei T, Schattgen S, Klebert M, Suessen T, Middleton W, Goss C, Liu C, Crawford J, Thomas P, Teefey S, Presti R, O'Halloran J, Turner J, Ellebedy A. Antigen-specific CD4 + T cells exhibit distinct transcriptional phenotypes in the lymph node and blood following vaccination in humans. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3304466. [PMID: 37790414 PMCID: PMC10543502 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3304466/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccination induce robust CD4+ T cell responses that are critical for the development of protective immunity. Here, we evaluated spike-specific CD4+ T cells in the blood and draining lymph node (dLN) of human subjects following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination using single-cell transcriptomics. We analyze multiple spike-specific CD4+ T cell clonotypes, including novel clonotypes we define here using Trex, a new deep learning-based reverse epitope mapping method integrating single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and transcriptomics to predict antigen-specificity. Human dLN spike-specific T follicular helper cells (TFH) exhibited distinct phenotypes, including germinal center (GC)-TFH and IL-10+ TFH, that varied over time during the GC response. Paired TCR clonotype analysis revealed tissue-specific segregation of circulating and dLN clonotypes, despite numerous spike-specific clonotypes in each compartment. Analysis of a separate SARS-CoV-2 infection cohort revealed circulating spike-specific CD4+ T cell profiles distinct from those found following BNT162b2 vaccination. Our findings provide an atlas of human antigen-specific CD4+ T cell transcriptional phenotypes in the dLN and blood following vaccination or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles Goss
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St.Louis
| | - Chang Liu
- Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Jane O'Halloran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St.Louis
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64
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Ronk AJ, Lloyd NM, Zhang M, Atyeo C, Perrett HR, Mire CE, Hastie KM, Sanders RW, Brouwer PJM, Saphire EO, Ward AB, Ksiazek TG, Alvarez Moreno JC, Thaker HM, Alter G, Himansu S, Carfi A, Bukreyev A. A Lassa virus mRNA vaccine confers protection but does not require neutralizing antibody in a guinea pig model of infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5603. [PMID: 37699929 PMCID: PMC10497546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus is a member of the Arenaviridae family, which causes human infections ranging from asymptomatic to severe hemorrhagic disease with a high case fatality rate. We have designed and generated lipid nanoparticle encapsulated, modified mRNA vaccines that encode for the wild-type Lassa virus strain Josiah glycoprotein complex or the prefusion stabilized conformation of the Lassa virus glycoprotein complex. Hartley guinea pigs were vaccinated with two 10 µg doses, 28 days apart, of either construct. Vaccination induced strong binding antibody responses, specific to the prefusion conformation of glycoprotein complex, which were significantly higher in the prefusion stabilized glycoprotein complex construct group and displayed strong Fc-mediated effects. However, Lassa virus-neutralizing antibody activity was detected in some but not all animals. Following the challenge with a lethal dose of the Lassa virus, all vaccinated animals were protected from death and severe disease. Although the definitive mechanism of protection is still unknown, and assessment of the cell-mediated immune response was not investigated in this study, these data demonstrate the promise of mRNA as a vaccine platform against the Lassa virus and that protection against Lassa virus can be achieved in the absence of virus-neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Ronk
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US
| | - Nicole M Lloyd
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, 02139, US
| | - Hailee R Perrett
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology California Campus, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, US
| | - Chad E Mire
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US
| | - Kathryn M Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, US
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip J M Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erica Olmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, US
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology California Campus, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, US
| | - Thomas G Ksiazek
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US
| | | | - Harshwardhan M Thaker
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US
| | - Galit Alter
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, 02139, US
| | | | | | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US.
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, US.
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65
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Pinder CL, Jankovic D, Fox TA, Kirkwood A, Enfield L, Alrubayyi A, Touizer E, Ford R, Pocock R, Shin J, Ziegler J, Thomson KJ, Ardeshna KM, Peppa D, McCoy LE, Morris EC. Humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with B-cell haematological malignancies improve with successive vaccination. Br J Haematol 2023; 202:1091-1103. [PMID: 37402627 PMCID: PMC10953351 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with haematological malignancies are more likely to have poor responses to vaccination. Here we provide detailed analysis of the humoral and cellular responses to COVID-19 vaccination in 69 patients with B-cell malignancies. Measurement of anti-spike IgG in serum demonstrated a low seroconversion rate with 27.1% and 46.8% of patients seroconverting after the first and second doses of vaccine, respectively. In vitro pseudoneutralisation assays demonstrated a poor neutralising response, with 12.5% and 29.5% of patients producing a measurable neutralising titre after the first and second doses, respectively. A third dose increased seropositivity to 54.3% and neutralisation to 51.5%, while a fourth dose further increased both seropositivity and neutralisation to 87.9%. Neutralisation titres post-fourth dose showed a positive correlation with the size of the B-cell population measured by flow cytometry, suggesting an improved response correlating with recovery of the B-cell compartment after B-cell depletion treatments. In contrast, interferon gamma ELISpot analysis showed a largely intact T-cell response, with the percentage of patients producing a measurable response boosted by the second dose to 75.5%. This response was maintained thereafter, with only a small increase following the third and fourth doses, irrespective of the serological response at these timepoints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan Jankovic
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thomas A. Fox
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Clinical HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Amy Kirkwood
- CR UK and UCL Cancer Trials CentreUCL Cancer Institute, UCLLondonUK
| | - Louise Enfield
- Department of Clinical HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Emma Touizer
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rosemarie Ford
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rachael Pocock
- Department of Clinical HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Jin‐Sup Shin
- Department of Clinical HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Joseph Ziegler
- Department of Clinical HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Kirsty J. Thomson
- Department of Clinical HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Kirit M. Ardeshna
- Department of Clinical HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Dimitra Peppa
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Laura E. McCoy
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Emma C. Morris
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Clinical HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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66
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Liu H, Aviszus K, Zelarney P, Liao SY, Gerber AN, Make B, Wechsler ME, Marrack P, Reinhardt RL. Vaccine-elicited B- and T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is impaired in chronic lung disease patients. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00400-2023. [PMID: 37583809 PMCID: PMC10423317 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00400-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provides significant protection from coronavirus disease 2019, the protection afforded to individuals with chronic lung disease is less well established. This study seeks to understand how chronic lung disease impacts SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immunity. Methods Deep immune phenotyping of humoral and cell-mediated responses to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was performed in patients with asthma, COPD and interstitial lung disease (ILD) compared to healthy controls. Results 48% of vaccinated patients with chronic lung diseases had reduced antibody titres to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigen relative to healthy controls. Vaccine antibody titres were significantly reduced among asthma (p<0.035), COPD (p<0.022) and a subset of ILD patients as early as 3-4 months after vaccination, correlating with decreased vaccine-specific memory B-cells in circulation. Vaccine-specific memory T-cells were significantly reduced in patients with asthma (CD8+ p<0.004; CD4+ p<0.023) and COPD (CD8+ p<0.008) compared to healthy controls. Impaired T-cell responsiveness was also observed in a subset of ILD patients (CD8+ 21.4%; CD4+ 42.9%). Additional heterogeneity between healthy and disease cohorts was observed among bulk and vaccine-specific follicular T-helper cells. Conclusions Deep immune phenotyping of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response revealed the complex nature of vaccine-elicited immunity and highlights the need for more personalised vaccination schemes in patients with underlying lung conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Liu
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Katja Aviszus
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Shu-Yi Liao
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anthony N. Gerber
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Barry Make
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Michael E. Wechsler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Philippa Marrack
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R. Lee Reinhardt
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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67
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Li J, Xiao Z, Wang D, Jia L, Nie S, Zeng X, Hu W. The screening, identification, design and clinical application of tumor-specific neoantigens for TCR-T cells. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:141. [PMID: 37649123 PMCID: PMC10466891 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development of tumor immunotherapies, including adoptive cell therapies (ACTs), cancer vaccines and antibody-based therapies, particularly for solid tumors. With the development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics technology, the rapid identification and prediction of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) has become possible. Compared with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), highly immunogenic TSAs provide new targets for personalized tumor immunotherapy and can be used as prospective indicators for predicting tumor patient survival, prognosis, and immune checkpoint blockade response. Here, the identification and characterization of neoantigens and the clinical application of neoantigen-based TCR-T immunotherapy strategies are summarized, and the current status, inherent challenges, and clinical translational potential of these strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jia
- International Health Medicine Innovation Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cancer Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingda Zeng
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
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68
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Cernera G, Gelzo M, De Placido P, Ottaviano M, Pietroluongo E, Raia M, Scalia G, Tortora M, Castaldo G, Formisano P, Palmieri G, Giuliano M. Immunocytometric analysis of patients with thymic epithelial tumors revealed that COVID-19 vaccine booster strongly enhanced the immune response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233056. [PMID: 37705978 PMCID: PMC10495582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignancies with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. The high frequency of autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders observed in such patients requires caution when using COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, TETs are often associated with severe immunodeficiency, making it difficult to predict vaccine immunization. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate immune response to COVID-19 vaccine in patients with TETs. Methods We conducted a prospective study enrolling patients who underwent the SARS-Cov-2 mRNA full vaccine cycle (two doses plus a booster after 6 months of BNT162b2). All patients were enrolled before receiving 1st vaccine dose and were followed over the vaccination cycle for up to 6 months after the booster dose to i) assess humoral and cellular responses, ii) define biomarkers predictive of effective immunization, and iii) evaluate the safety of the vaccine. Results At the end of the full vaccine cycle, 27 (61.4%) patients developed humoral and 38 (86.4%) cellular responses (IFN γ release by stimulated cells) and showed an increase in activated TH1 and TH17 cells, particularly significant after the booster dose. The number of B and T lymphocytes at baseline was predictive of humoral and cellular responses, respectively. Patients with no evidence of tumor lesions had a higher probability of achieving a humoral response than those with evidence of the disease. Furthermore, the percentage of patients with immune-related disorders (75%), particularly Good's syndrome (47.7%) and myasthenia gravis (29.5%), did not change over the entire vaccine cycle. Overall, 19 of the 44 enrolled patients (43.2%) had COVID-19 during the observation period; none required hospitalization or oxygen support, and no fatalities were observed. Conclusion SARS-Cov-2 mRNA vaccine determines the immune responses in patients with TET, particularly after the booster dose, and in patients with no evidence of tumor lesions. Preliminary analysis of B and T lymphocytes may help identify patients who have a lower probability of achieving effective humoral and cellular responses and thus may need passive immunization. The vaccine prevented severe COVID-19 infection and is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cernera
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Gelzo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro De Placido
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Margaret Ottaviano
- Dipartimento di Melanoma, Immunoterapia Oncologica e Terapie Innovative, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
- Centro Regionale di Coordinamento Tumori Rari Regione Campania (CRCTR), Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Pietroluongo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Marianna Tortora
- Centro Regionale di Coordinamento Tumori Rari Regione Campania (CRCTR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovannella Palmieri
- Centro Regionale di Coordinamento Tumori Rari Regione Campania (CRCTR), Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Centro Regionale di Coordinamento Tumori Rari Regione Campania (CRCTR), Naples, Italy
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Akahata W, Sekida T, Nogimori T, Ode H, Tamura T, Kono K, Kazami Y, Washizaki A, Masuta Y, Suzuki R, Matsuda K, Komori M, Morey AL, Ishimoto K, Nakata M, Hasunuma T, Fukuhara T, Iwatani Y, Yamamoto T, Smith JF, Sato N. Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 self-amplifying RNA vaccine expressing an anchored RBD: A randomized, observer-blind phase 1 study. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101134. [PMID: 37586325 PMCID: PMC10439244 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
VLPCOV-01 is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccine that expresses a membrane-anchored receptor-binding domain (RBD) derived from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. A phase 1 study of VLPCOV-01 is conducted (jRCT2051210164). Participants who completed two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine previously are randomized to receive one intramuscular vaccination of 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 μg VLPCOV-01, 30 μg BNT162b2, or placebo. No serious adverse events have been reported. VLPCOV-01 induces robust immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers against the RBD protein that are maintained up to 26 weeks in non-elderly participants, with geometric means ranging from 5,037 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1,272-19,940) at 0.3 μg to 12,873 (95% CI 937-17,686) at 3 μg compared with 3,166 (95% CI 1,619-6,191) with 30 μg BNT162b2. Neutralizing antibody titers against all variants of SARS-CoV-2 tested are induced. VLPCOV-01 is immunogenic following low-dose administration. These findings support the potential for saRNA as a vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Akahata
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., Marunouchi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan.
| | - Takashi Sekida
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., Marunouchi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Takuto Nogimori
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ode
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kono
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., Marunouchi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Yoko Kazami
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., Marunouchi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Ayaka Washizaki
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yuji Masuta
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Mai Komori
- VLP Therapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | | | - Misako Nakata
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., Marunouchi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hasunuma
- Department of Research, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0072, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwatani
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan; Division of Basic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | | | - Nobuaki Sato
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., Marunouchi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
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Mayer-Blackwell K, Ryu H, Codd AS, Parks KR, MacMillan HR, Cohen KW, Stewart TL, Seese A, Lemos MP, De Rosa SC, Czartoski JL, Moodie Z, Nguyen LT, McGuire DJ, Ahmed R, Fiore-Gartland A, McElrath MJ, Newell EW. mRNA vaccination boosts S-specific T cell memory and promotes expansion of CD45RA int T EMRA-like CD8 + T cells in COVID-19 recovered individuals. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101149. [PMID: 37552991 PMCID: PMC10439252 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccination both elicit spike (S)-specific T cell responses. To analyze how T cell memory from prior infection influences T cell responses to vaccination, we evaluated functional T cell responses in naive and previously infected vaccine recipients. Pre-vaccine S-specific responses are predictive of subsequent CD8+ T cell vaccine-response magnitudes. Comparing baseline with post-vaccination TCRβ repertoires, we observed large clonotypic expansions correlated with the frequency of spike-specific T cells. Epitope mapping the largest CD8+ T cell responses confirms that an HLA-A∗03:01 epitope was highly immunodominant. Peptide-MHC tetramer staining together with mass cytometry and single-cell sequencing permit detailed phenotyping and clonotypic tracking of these S-specific CD8+ T cells. Our results demonstrate that infection-induced S-specific CD8+ T cell memory plays a significant role in shaping the magnitude and clonal composition of the circulating T cell repertoire after vaccination, with mRNA vaccination promoting CD8+ memory T cells to a TEMRA-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshlan Mayer-Blackwell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Heeju Ryu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Amy S Codd
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - K Rachael Parks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hugh R MacMillan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kristen W Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Terri L Stewart
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Aaron Seese
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Maria P Lemos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julie L Czartoski
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Long T Nguyen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Donald J McGuire
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Evan W Newell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Zhou P, Cao C, Ji T, Zheng T, Dai Y, Liu M, Jiang J, Sun D, Bai Z, Lu X, Gong F. Longitudinal analysis of memory Tfh cells and antibody response following CoronaVac vaccination. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168437. [PMID: 37384407 PMCID: PMC10445683 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The inactivated vaccine CoronaVac is one of the most widely used COVID-19 vaccines globally. However, the longitudinal evolution of the immune response induced by CoronaVac remains elusive compared with other vaccine platforms. Here, we recruited 88 healthy individuals who received 3 doses of CoronaVac vaccine. We longitudinally evaluated their polyclonal and antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and neutralizing antibody response after receiving each dose of vaccine for over 300 days. Both the second and third doses of vaccine induced robust spike-specific neutralizing antibodies, with a third vaccine further increasing the overall magnitude of antibody response and neutralization against Omicron sublineages B.1.1.529, BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, and BA.2.75.2. Spike-specific CD4+ T cells and circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells were markedly increased by the second and third dose of CoronaVac vaccine, accompanied by altered composition of functional cTfh cell subsets with distinct effector and memory potential. Additionally, cTfh cells were positively correlated with neutralizing antibody titers. Our results suggest that CoronaVac vaccine-induced spike-specific T cells are capable of supporting humoral immunity for long-term immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tuo Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City (Cancer Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yaping Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Daoqi Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Jiang M, Yu H, Luo L, Zhang L, Xiong A, Wang J, Wang Q, Liu Y, Liu S, Xiong Y, Yang P, Chang C, Zhang J, He X, Li G. Single cell characteristics of patients with vaccine-related adverse reactions following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2246542. [PMID: 37614152 PMCID: PMC10453975 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2246542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A good safety and immunogenicity profile was reported in Phase I and II clinical trials of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here, we report two cases associated with vaccine-associated adverse events, including one patient with fever and another with anaphylactic shock resulting from inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Cell sub-types and the importance of genetic characteristics were assessed using single-cell mRNA sequencing and machine learning. Overall, the patient with fever showed a significant increase in the numbers of cytotoxic CD8 T cells and MKI67high CD8 T cells. A potential concurrent infection with the Epstein-Barr virus enhanced interferon type I responses to vaccination against the virus. STAT1, E2F1, YBX1, and E2F7 played a key role in the transcription regulation of MKI67high CD8 T cells. In contrast, the patient with allergic shock displayed predominant increases in the numbers of S100A9high monocytes, activated CD4 T cells, and PPBPhigh megakaryocytes. The decision tree showed that LYZ and S100A8 in S100A9high monocytes contributed to the degranulation of neutrophils and activation of neutrophils involved in allergic shock. PPBP and PF4 were major contributors to platelet degranulation. These findings highlight the diversity of adverse reactions following inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and show the emerging role of cellular subtypes and central genes in vaccine-associated adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manling Jiang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiqiong Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eight Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Luo
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anying Xiong
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengbin Liu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan friendship hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingchang Yang
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Joe DiMaggio Children’s Hospital, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eight Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang He
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
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Al-Haideri MT, Mannani R, Kaboli R, Gharebakhshi F, Darvishzadehdeldari S, Tahmasebi S, Faramarzi F, Cotrina-Aliaga JC, Khorasani S, Alimohammadi M, Darvishi M, Akhavan-Sigari R. The effects of methotrexate on the immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccines in the patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease: A systematic review of clinical evidence. Transpl Immunol 2023; 79:101858. [PMID: 37236514 PMCID: PMC10205646 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines exhibit high levels of immunogenicity in the overall population. Data on the effects of immunomodulators on the consequences of COVID-19 in patients with Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) remains scarce. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccines in IMID patients receiving methotrexate (MTX) compared to healthy individuals. A comprehensive literature search was carried out using electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase up to August 2022 to identify eligible RCTs evaluating the effect of MTX on immune responses in patients with COVID-19. The PRISMA checklist protocol was applied for the quality assessment of the selected trials. Our findings demonstrated that MTX lowered the responses of T cells and antibodies in IMID patients compared to healthy controls. We also discovered that young age (<60 years) was the main parameter influencing the antibody response after vaccination, while MTX had little effect. Following vaccination, MTX-hold and age were considered the main factors influencing the antibody response. In patients older than 60 years of age, the time point of 10 days of MTX discontinuation was critical to boosting the humoral response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Because many IMID patients did not have adequate humoral and cellular responses, our findings highlighted the importance of second or booster doses of vaccine and temporary MTX discontinuation. As a result, it implies that individuals with IMIDs should be subjected to more research, particularly humoral and cellular immunity efficiency trials after COVID-19 vaccination, until credible information is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Mannani
- Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Farshad Gharebakhshi
- Department of Radiology, Imam Hossein Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faramarzi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Sahar Khorasani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland
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Congrave-Wilson Z, Kim M, Sutherland A, Jumarang J, Lee Y, Del Valle J, Cheng WA, da Silva Antunes R, Pannaraj PS. Effect of wash media type during PBMC isolation on downstream characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. J Immunol Methods 2023; 519:113520. [PMID: 37390890 PMCID: PMC10306416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Protocols for the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from whole blood vary greatly between laboratories, especially in published studies of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses following infection and vaccination. Research on the effects of different wash media types or centrifugation speeds and brake usage during the PBMC isolation process on downstream T cell activation and functionality is limited. Blood samples from 26 COVID-19-vaccinated participants were processed with different PBMC isolation methods using either PBS or RPMI as the wash media with high centrifugation speed and brakes or RPMI as the wash media with low speed and brakes (RPMI+ method). SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cells were quantified and characterized via a flow cytometry-based activation induced markers (AIM) assay and an interferon-γ (IFNγ) FluoroSpot assay and responses were compared between processing methods. Samples washed with RPMI showed higher AIM+ CD4 T cell responses than those washed with PBS and showed a shift away from naïve and towards an effector memory phenotype. The activation marker OX40 showed higher SARS-CoV-2 spike-induced upregulation on RPMI-washed CD4 T cells, while differences in CD137 upregulation were minimal between processing methods. The magnitude of the AIM+ CD8 T cell response was similar between processing methods but showed higher stimulation indices. Background frequencies of CD69+ CD8 T cells were increased in PBS-washed samples and were associated with higher baseline numbers of IFNγ-producing cells in the FluoroSpot assay. Slower braking in the RPMI+ method did not improve detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and caused longer processing times. Thus, the use of RPMI media with full centrifugation brakes during the wash steps of PBMC isolation was found to be most effective and efficient. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathways involved in RPMI-mediated preservation of downstream T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zion Congrave-Wilson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Minjun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aaron Sutherland
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jaycee Jumarang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yesun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Del Valle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wesley A Cheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pia S Pannaraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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75
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Chen M, Venturi V, Munier CML. Dissecting the Protective Effect of CD8 + T Cells in Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination and the Potential Link with Lymph Node CD8 + T Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1035. [PMID: 37508464 PMCID: PMC10376827 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have played a crucial role in effectively reducing COVID-19 disease severity, with a new generation of vaccines that use messenger RNA (mRNA) technology being administered globally. Neutralizing antibodies have featured as the heroes of vaccine-induced immunity. However, vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells may have a significant impact on the early protective effects of the mRNA vaccine, which are evident 12 days after initial vaccination. Vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells have been shown to respond to multiple epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 and exhibit polyfunctionality in the periphery at the early stage, even when neutralizing antibodies are scarce. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce diverse subsets of memory CD8+ T cells that persist for more than six months following vaccination. However, the protective role of CD8+ T cells in response to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines remains a topic of debate. In addition, our understanding of CD8+ T cells in response to vaccination in the lymph nodes, where they first encounter antigen, is still limited. This review delves into the current knowledge regarding the protective role of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells in controlling the virus, the response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, and the contribution to supporting B cell activity and promoting immune protection in the lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Chen
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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76
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Lee J, Woodruff MC, Kim EH, Nam JH. Knife's edge: Balancing immunogenicity and reactogenicity in mRNA vaccines. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-00999-x. [PMID: 37430088 PMCID: PMC10394010 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of messenger RNA (mRNA), there have been tremendous efforts to wield them in the development of therapeutics and vaccines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, two mRNA vaccines were developed and approved in record-breaking time, revolutionizing the vaccine development landscape. Although first-generation COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have demonstrated over 90% efficacy, alongside strong immunogenicity in humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, their durability has lagged compared to long-lived vaccines, such as the yellow fever vaccine. Although worldwide vaccination campaigns have saved lives estimated in the tens of millions, side effects, ranging from mild reactogenicity to rare severe diseases, have been reported. This review provides an overview and mechanistic insights into immune responses and adverse effects documented primarily for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, we discuss the perspectives of this promising vaccine platform and the challenges in balancing immunogenicity and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eui Ho Kim
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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77
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Li T, Xu J, Gao Y, Wang X, Xu Y. Exploring the clinical application value of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subset in patients with asymptomatic omicron infection. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:223. [PMID: 37408049 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical significance and value of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subset in patients with asymptomatic novel coronavirus variant strains infection (OMICRON). METHODS A retrospective analysis of 281 patients with asymptomatic OMICRON infection who were admitted and isolated to the Fuyang Second People's Hospital from March to April 2022 was conducted. With 32 normal people as the control group, T lymphocytes of the two groups (CD3 + T, CD3 + CD4 + T, CD3 + CD8 + T) were analyzed and the differences between the two groups were analyzed. CD4 + T lymphocytes between patients with asymptomatic OMICRON infection and patients with mild COVID-19 infection in 2020 were analyzed and compared. Based on CD3 CD4 + T lymphocyte changes, lymphocyte reference range: CD3 CD4 + T lymphocyte count 404-1612/μL. Lower than 404 × 106/μL was defined as lymphocytopenia, patients were divided into the reduced group (138) and the normal group (143). The CT value of novel coronavirus nucleic acid (ORF1ab gene, N gene) and the time of viral shedding were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Differences in number of CD3 + T cells, CD3 + CD4 + T cells, and CD3 + CD8 + T cells were significant between both groups (P < 0.05), which were significantly higher in the normal population than in the patients with asymptomatic OMICRON infection. There was no significant difference in CD4 + T lymphocytes between patients with asymptomatic OMICRON infection and patients with mild COVID-19 infection in 2020 (P < 0.05). The novel coronavirus nucleic CT value was significantly lower in the CD3CD4 + T lymphocyte-reduced group than in the CD3CD4 + T lymphocyte-normal group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the time of viral shedding was significantly longer in the reduced group compared with the normal group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The changing characteristics of the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subset count in patients with asymptomatic OMICRON infections can provide an important basis for the diagnosis and outcome of the asymptomatic OMICRON infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuantuan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 of JiXi Road Hefei, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Fuyang City (Fuyang Infectious Disease Clinical College of Anhui Medical University), Fuyang, 236000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuyang People's Hospital (Anhui Medical University, Affiliated Fuyang Peoples Hospital), Fuyang, 236000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Fuyang City (Fuyang Infectious Disease Clinical College of Anhui Medical University), Fuyang, 236000, Anhui Province, China
| | - XiaoWu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Fuyang City (Fuyang Infectious Disease Clinical College of Anhui Medical University), Fuyang, 236000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 of JiXi Road Hefei, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China.
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78
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Boyd MAA, Carey Hoppe A, Kelleher AD, Munier CML. T follicular helper cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among healthy and immunocompromised adults. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:504-513. [PMID: 36825370 PMCID: PMC10952589 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide rollout of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations in the last 2 years has produced a multitude of studies investigating T-cell responses in the peripheral blood and a limited number in secondary lymphoid tissues. As a key component to an effective immune response, vaccine-specific T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are localized in the draining lymph node (LN) and assist in the selection of highly specific B-cell clones for the production of neutralizing antibodies. While these cells have been noted in the blood as circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells, they are not often taken into consideration when examining effective CD4+ T-cell responses, particularly in immunocompromised groups. Furthermore, site-specific analyses in locations such as the LN have recently become an attractive area of investigation. This is mainly a result of improved sampling methods via ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (FNB)/fine-needle aspiration (FNA), which are less invasive than LN excision and able to be performed longitudinally. While these studies have been undertaken in healthy individuals, data from immunocompromised groups are lacking. This review will focus on both Tfh and cTfh responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in healthy and immunocompromised individuals. This area of investigation could identify key characteristics of a successful LN response required for the prevention of infection and viral clearance. This furthermore may highlight responses that could be fine-tuned to improve vaccine efficacy within immunocompromised groups that are at a risk of more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Carey Hoppe
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis ProgramThe Kirby InstituteUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Anthony D Kelleher
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis ProgramThe Kirby InstituteUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
- St Vincent's HospitalSydneyNSW2010Australia
| | - C Mee Ling Munier
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis ProgramThe Kirby InstituteUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
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79
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Poloni C, Schonhofer C, Ivison S, Levings MK, Steiner TS, Cook L. T-cell activation-induced marker assays in health and disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:491-503. [PMID: 36825901 PMCID: PMC10952637 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Activation-induced marker (AIM) assays have proven to be an accessible and rapid means of antigen-specific T-cell detection. The method typically involves short-term incubation of whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells with antigens of interest, where autologous antigen-presenting cells process and present peptides in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Recognition of peptide-MHC complexes by T-cell receptors then induces upregulation of activation markers on the T cells that can be detected by flow cytometry. In this review, we highlight the most widely used activation markers for assays in the literature while identifying nuances and potential downfalls associated with the technique. We provide a summary of how AIM assays have been used in both discovery science and clinical studies, including studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity. This review primarily focuses on AIM assays using human blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples, with some considerations noted for tissue-derived T cells and nonhuman samples. AIM assays are a powerful tool that enables detailed analysis of antigen-specific T-cell frequency, phenotype and function without needing to know the precise antigenic peptides and their MHC restriction elements, enabling a wider analysis of immunity generated following infection and/or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Poloni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
| | - Cole Schonhofer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
| | - Sabine Ivison
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Megan K Levings
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
| | - Laura Cook
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
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Steiner S, Schwarz T, Corman VM, Jeworowski LM, Bauer S, Drosten C, Scheibenbogen C, Hanitsch LG. Impaired B Cell Recall Memory and Reduced Antibody Avidity but Robust T Cell Response in CVID Patients After COVID-19 Vaccination. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:869-881. [PMID: 36932291 PMCID: PMC10023009 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Humoral and cellular immune responses were described after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID). This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody quality and memory function of B cell immunity as well as T cell responses after COVID-19 vaccination in seroresponding and non-responding CVID patients. METHODS We evaluated antibody avidity and applied a memory B cell ELSPOT assay for functional B cell recall memory response to SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 vaccination in CVID seroresponders. We comparatively analyzed SARS-CoV-2 spike reactive polyfunctional T cell response and reactive peripheral follicular T helper cells (pTFH) by flow cytometry in seroresponding and non-seroresponding CVID patients. All CVID patients had previously failed to mount a humoral response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody avidity of seroresponding CVID patients was significantly lower than in healthy controls. Only 30% of seroresponding CVID patients showed a minimal memory B cell recall response in ELISPOT assay. One hundred percent of CVID seroresponders and 83% of non-seroresponders had a detectable polyfunctional T cell response. Induction of antigen-specific CD4+CD154+CD137+CXCR5+ pTFH cells by the COVID-19 vaccine was higher in CVID seroresponder than in non-seroresponder. Levels of pTFH did not correlate with antibody response or avidity. CONCLUSION Reduced avidity and significantly impaired recall memory formation after COVID-19 vaccination in seroresponding CVID patients stress the importance of a more differentiated analysis of humoral immune response in CVID patients. Our observations challenge the clinical implications that follow the binary categorization into seroresponder and non-seroresponder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Steiner
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Campus Virchow, Augustenburger Platz 1/Südstraße 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner, Charitéplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner, Charitéplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara M Jeworowski
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner, Charitéplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Bauer
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Campus Virchow, Augustenburger Platz 1/Südstraße 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner, Charitéplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Campus Virchow, Augustenburger Platz 1/Südstraße 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif G Hanitsch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Campus Virchow, Augustenburger Platz 1/Südstraße 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.
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A'la R, Wijaya AY, Susilowati H, Kuncorojakti S, Diyantoro, Rahmahani J, Rantam FA. Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate immunization on non-human primate animal model: B-cell and T-cell responses immune evaluation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18039. [PMID: 37519714 PMCID: PMC10372371 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was proven to be an effective and efficient measure for mitigating pandemic. COVID-19 infection and mortality subsided along with the increaseing COVID-19 vaccination coverage. Vaccine and health resource equity are predominant factors in COVID-19 pandemic management. Vaccine development for Indonesia, aims to ensure a sustainable pandemic control and steady national stability restoration. A decent vaccine must induce immunity against COVID-19 with minimum adverse reaction. Immunogenicity and ability to induce neutralizing antibody evaluation needs to be performed as part of the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine development from East Java, Indonesia isolate (Vaksin Merah Putih-INAVAC). Objective This research demonstrated INAVAC performance in inducing the production neutralizing antibody along with its effects on CD4+ and CD8+ cells response in Macaca fascicularis (non-human primate). Methods Two dosages of 3 μg and 5 μg were tested, compared to sham (NaCl 0.9%) in 10 Macaca fascicularis (2 injection intramuscular with 14 days interval). All animals were monitored daily for clinical signs. Nasopharyngeal samples were analyzed using qRT-PCR while the serum were tested using ELISA and neutralization assay, whereas PBMCs were flowcytrometrically analyzed to measure CD4+ and CD8+ population. Results It is observed that both vaccine doses could stimulate relatively similar immune response and neutralizing antibody (end GMT post challenge = 905,1), whereas higher CD8+ cells response were reported in the 5 μg group after the 3rd day post-challenge. The dose of vaccine that produce adequate immune cell stimulation with neutralizing antibody induction can be adopted to clinical study, as favorable result of these parameters could predict minimum adverse reaction from inflammation response with balanced immune response. Conclusions Therefore, it is concluded that Vaksin Merah Putih-INAVAC with 3 μg dose showed a favorable potential to be developed and tested as human vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rofiqul A'la
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Helen Susilowati
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Suryo Kuncorojakti
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Diyantoro
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Jola Rahmahani
- Virology and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Virology and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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82
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Souan L, Abdel-Razeq H, Al Zughbieh M, Al Badr S, Sughayer MA. Comparative Assessment of the Kinetics of Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to COVID-19 Vaccination in Cancer Patients. Viruses 2023; 15:1439. [PMID: 37515127 PMCID: PMC10383486 DOI: 10.3390/v15071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The kinetics of immune responses to various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in cancer patients were investigated. METHODS In total, 57 cancer patients who received BNT162b2-RNA or BBIBP-CorV vaccines were enrolled. Cellular and humoral immunity were assessed at three-time points, before the first vaccine dose and 14-21 days after the first and second doses. Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay was used to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG response, and QuantiFERON® SARS-CoV-2 kit assessed T-cell response. RESULTS Data showed that cancer patients' CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-median IFN-γ secretion of SARS-CoV-2 antigens increased after the first and second vaccine doses (p = 0.027 and p = 0.042). BNT162b2 vaccinees had significantly higher IFN-γ levels to CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes than BBIBP-CorV vaccinees (p = 0.028). There was a positive correlation between IgG antibody titer and T cell response regardless of vaccine type (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to investigate cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 immunization in cancer patients on active therapy after each vaccine dose. COVID-19 immunizations helped cancer patients develop an effective immune response. Understanding the cellular and humoral immune response to COVID-19 in cancer patients undergoing active treatment is necessary to improve vaccines and avoid future SARS pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Souan
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | | | - Muna Al Zughbieh
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Sara Al Badr
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Maher A Sughayer
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
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83
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El Moussaoui M, Desmecht S, Lambert N, Maes N, Braghini J, Marechal N, Quintana C, Briquet K, Gofflot S, Toussaint F, Hayette MP, Vermeersch P, Lutteri L, Grégoire C, Beguin Y, Rahmouni S, Moutschen M, Desmecht D, Darcis G. Cluster Analysis Identifies Distinct Patterns of T-Cell and Humoral Immune Responses Evolution Following a Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in People Living with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:1435. [PMID: 37515123 PMCID: PMC10383048 DOI: 10.3390/v15071435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Many vaccines require higher, additional doses or adjuvants to provide adequate protection for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite their potential risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019, immunological data remain sparse, and a clear consensus for the best booster strategy is lacking. (2) Methods: Using the data obtained from our previous study assessing prospective T-cell and humoral immune responses before and after administration of a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we assessed the correlations between immune parameters reflecting humoral and cellular immune responses. We further aimed at identifying distinct clusters of patients with similar patterns of immune response evolution to determine how these relate to demographic and clinical factors. (3) Results: Among 80 PLWH and 51 healthcare workers (HCWs) enrolled in the study, cluster analysis identified four distinct patterns of evolution characterised by specific immune patterns and clinical factors. We observed that immune responses appeared to be less robust in cluster A, whose individuals were mostly PLWH who had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cluster C, whose individuals showed a particularly drastic increase in markers of humoral immune response following the third dose of vaccine, was mainly composed of female participants who experienced SARS-CoV-2. Regarding the correlation study, although we observed a strong positive correlation between markers mirroring humoral immune response, markers of T-cell response following vaccination correlated only in a lesser extent with markers of humoral immunity. This suggests that neutralising antibody titers alone are not always a reliable reflection of the magnitude of the whole immune response. (4) Conclusions: Our findings show heterogeneity in immune responses among SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated PLWH. Specific subgroups could therefore benefit from distinct immunization strategies. Prior or breakthrough natural infection enhances the activity of vaccines and must be taken into account for informing global vaccine strategies among PLWH, even those with a viro-immunologically controlled infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdouline El Moussaoui
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Salomé Desmecht
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Medical Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lambert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Maes
- Biostatistics and Research Method Center (B-STAT), University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Joachim Braghini
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicole Marechal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Quintana
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Karine Briquet
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Gofflot
- Department of Biothèque Hospitalo-Universitaire de Liège (BHUL), University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Françoise Toussaint
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeersch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lutteri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Grégoire
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Department of Biothèque Hospitalo-Universitaire de Liège (BHUL), University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Medical Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Department of Animal Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Darcis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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84
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Follmann D, O'Brien MP, Fintzi J, Fay MP, Montefiori D, Mateja A, Herman GA, Hooper AT, Turner KC, Chan KC, Forleo-Neto E, Isa F, Baden LR, El Sahly HM, Janes H, Doria-Rose N, Miller J, Zhou H, Dang W, Benkeser D, Fong Y, Gilbert PB, Marovich M, Cohen MS. Examining protective effects of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies after vaccination or monoclonal antibody administration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3605. [PMID: 37330602 PMCID: PMC10276829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
While new vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 are authorized based on neutralizing antibody (nAb) titer against emerging variants of concern, an analogous pathway does not exist for preventative monoclonal antibodies. In this work, nAb titers were assessed as correlates of protection against COVID-19 in the casirivimab + imdevimab monoclonal antibody (mAb) prevention trial (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT4452318) and in the mRNA-1273 vaccine trial (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT04470427). In the mAb trial, protective efficacy of 92% (95% confidence interval (CI): 84%, 98%) is associated with a nAb titer of 1000 IU50/ml, with lower efficacy at lower nAb titers. In the vaccine trial, protective efficacies of 93% [95% CI: 91%, 95%] and 97% (95% CI: 95%, 98%) are associated with nAb titers of 100 and 1000 IU50/ml, respectively. These data quantitate a nAb titer correlate of protection for mAbs benchmarked alongside vaccine induced nAb titers and support nAb titer as a surrogate endpoint for authorizing new mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Follmann
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan Fintzi
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael P Fay
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allyson Mateja
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Flonza Isa
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Hana M El Sahly
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holly Janes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - David Benkeser
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youyi Fong
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary Marovich
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, USA
| | - Myron S Cohen
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ishii T, Hamada K, Jubishi D, Hashimoto H, Okamoto K, Hisasue N, Sunohara M, Saito M, Shinohara T, Yamashita M, Wakimoto Y, Otani A, Ikeda M, Harada S, Okugawa S, Moriya K, Yanagimoto S. Waning cellular immune responses and predictive factors in maintaining cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 six months after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9607. [PMID: 37311763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several clinical trials have shown that the humoral response produced by anti-spike antibodies elicited by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines gradually declines. The kinetics, durability and influence of epidemiological and clinical factors on cellular immunity have not been fully elucidated. We analyzed cellular immune responses elicited by BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines in 321 health care workers using whole blood interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays. IFN-γ, induced by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells stimulated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike epitopes (Ag2), levels were highest at 3 weeks after the second vaccination (6 W) and decreased by 37.4% at 3 months (4 M) and 60.0% at 6 months (7 M), the decline of which seemed slower than that of anti-spike antibody levels. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the levels of IFN-γ induced by Ag2 at 7 M were significantly correlated with age, dyslipidemia, focal adverse reactions to full vaccination, lymphocyte and monocyte counts in whole blood, Ag2 levels before the second vaccination, and Ag2 levels at 6 W. We clarified the dynamics and predictive factors for the long-lasting effects of cellular immune responses. The results emphasize the need for a booster vaccine from the perspective of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishii
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Hamada
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Jubishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hisasue
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Sunohara
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Minako Saito
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shinohara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Yamashita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Wakimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amato Otani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahoko Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohei Harada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Okugawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yanagimoto
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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86
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Saad Albichr I, Mzougui S, Devresse A, Georgery H, Goffin E, Kanaan N, Yombi JC, Belkhir L, De Greef J, Scohy A, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, Kabamba-Mukadi B. Evaluation of a commercial interferon-γ release assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response after vaccination. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17186. [PMID: 37325456 PMCID: PMC10256590 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence regarding the role of cellular immunity in protecting against COVID-19 is emerging. To better assess immune status, simple and robust assays measuring specific T-cell responses associated with humoral responses are needed. We aimed to evaluate the Quan-T-Cell SARS-CoV-2 test for measuring cellular immune responses in vaccinated healthy and immunosuppressed subjects. Methods T-cell responses were assessed in healthy vaccinated and unvaccinated and unexposed healthcare workers to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 Quan-T-Cell IGRA test performed on vaccinated kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Results The EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 Quan-T-Cell IGRA test showed good sensitivity (87.2%) and specificity (92.3%) at the calculated 147 mIU/mL cutoff, with an 88.33% accuracy. In KTRs, specific cellular immunity was lower than the antibody response; however, those with a positive IGRA result produced as much IFN-γ as healthy individuals. Conclusions The EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 Quan-T-Cell IGRA test showed good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of specific T-cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These results present an additional tool for better management of COVID-19, especially in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Saad Albichr
- Department of Microbiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samy Mzougui
- Department of Microbiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Devresse
- Department of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hélène Georgery
- Department of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Goffin
- Department of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nada Kanaan
- Department of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean Cyr Yombi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leila Belkhir
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien De Greef
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anaïs Scohy
- Department of Microbiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Benoît Kabamba-Mukadi
- Department of Microbiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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87
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Gil-Bescós R, Ostiz A, Zalba S, Tamayo I, Bandrés E, Rojas-de-Miguel E, Redondo M, Zabalza A, Ramírez N. Potency assessment of IFNγ-producing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells from COVID-19 convalescent subjects. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201759. [PMID: 36941056 PMCID: PMC10027900 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapies for COVID-19 high-risk patients remains necessary to prevent additional deaths. Here, we studied the phenotypical and functional characteristics of IFN-γ producing-SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells (SC2-STs), obtained from 12 COVID-19 convalescent donors, to determine their potency as an off-the-shelf T cell therapy product. We found that these cells present mainly an effector memory phenotype, characterized by the basal expression of cytotoxicity and activation markers, including granzyme B, perforin, CD38, and PD-1. We demonstrated that SC2-STs could be expanded and isolated in vitro, and they exhibited peptide-specific cytolytic and proliferative responses after antigenic re-challenge. Collectively, these data demonstrate that SC2-STs can be a suitable candidate for the manufacture of a T cell therapy product aimed to treat severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Gil-Bescós
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, University Hospital of Navarra, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Ostiz
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, University Hospital of Navarra, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Zalba
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Department, University Hospital of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ibai Tamayo
- Unit of Methodology, Navarrabiomed, University Hospital of Navarra, Public University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios Sanitarios y Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Pamplona, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Bandrés
- Immunology Service, University Hospital of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elvira Rojas-de-Miguel
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, University Hospital of Navarra, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Margarita Redondo
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Department, University Hospital of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Zabalza
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, University Hospital of Navarra, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Department, University Hospital of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Natalia Ramírez
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, University Hospital of Navarra, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Brisotto G, Montico M, Turetta M, Zanussi S, Cozzi MR, Vettori R, Boschian Boschin R, Vinante L, Matrone F, Revelant A, Palazzari E, Innocente R, Fanetti G, Gerratana L, Garutti M, Lisanti C, Bolzonello S, Nicoloso MS, Steffan A, Muraro E. Integration of Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses as an Immunomonitoring Tool for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Healthy and Fragile Subjects. Viruses 2023; 15:1276. [PMID: 37376576 DOI: 10.3390/v15061276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular and humoral immunity are both required for SARS-CoV-2 infection recovery and vaccine efficacy. The factors affecting mRNA vaccination-induced immune responses, in healthy and fragile subjects, are still under investigation. Thus, we monitored the vaccine-induced cellular and humoral immunity in healthy subjects and cancer patients after vaccination to define whether a different antibody titer reflected similar rates of cellular immune responses and if cancer has an impact on vaccination efficacy. We found that higher titers of antibodies were associated with a higher probability of positive cellular immunity and that this greater immune response was correlated with an increased number of vaccination side effects. Moreover, active T-cell immunity after vaccination was associated with reduced antibody decay. The vaccine-induced cellular immunity appeared more likely in healthy subjects rather than in cancer patients. Lastly, after boosting, we observed a cellular immune conversion in 20% of subjects, and a strong correlation between pre- and post-boosting IFN-γ levels, while antibody levels did not display a similar association. Finally, our data suggested that integrating humoral and cellular immune responses could allow the identification of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responders and that T-cell responses seem more stable over time compared to antibodies, especially in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Brisotto
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Cancer Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Marcella Montico
- Clinical Trial Office, Scientific Direction, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Matteo Turetta
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Cancer Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Stefania Zanussi
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Cancer Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Cozzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Cancer Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettori
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Cancer Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Romina Boschian Boschin
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Cancer Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vinante
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabio Matrone
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Alberto Revelant
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Elisa Palazzari
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberto Innocente
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fanetti
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Mattia Garutti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Camilla Lisanti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bolzonello
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Milena Sabrina Nicoloso
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Cancer Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Cancer Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Elena Muraro
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Cancer Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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Arieta CM, Xie YJ, Rothenberg DA, Diao H, Harjanto D, Meda S, Marquart K, Koenitzer B, Sciuto TE, Lobo A, Zuiani A, Krumm SA, Cadima Couto CI, Hein S, Heinen AP, Ziegenhals T, Liu-Lupo Y, Vogel AB, Srouji JR, Fesser S, Thanki K, Walzer K, Addona TA, Türeci Ö, Şahin U, Gaynor RB, Poran A. The T-cell-directed vaccine BNT162b4 encoding conserved non-spike antigens protects animals from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell 2023; 186:2392-2409.e21. [PMID: 37164012 PMCID: PMC10099181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses play an important role in protection against beta-coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, where they associate with decreased COVID-19 disease severity and duration. To enhance T cell immunity across epitopes infrequently altered in SARS-CoV-2 variants, we designed BNT162b4, an mRNA vaccine component that is intended to be combined with BNT162b2, the spike-protein-encoding vaccine. BNT162b4 encodes variant-conserved, immunogenic segments of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid, membrane, and ORF1ab proteins, targeting diverse HLA alleles. BNT162b4 elicits polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to diverse epitopes in animal models, alone or when co-administered with BNT162b2 while preserving spike-specific immunity. Importantly, we demonstrate that BNT162b4 protects hamsters from severe disease and reduces viral titers following challenge with viral variants. These data suggest that a combination of BNT162b2 and BNT162b4 could reduce COVID-19 disease severity and duration caused by circulating or future variants. BNT162b4 is currently being clinically evaluated in combination with the BA.4/BA.5 Omicron-updated bivalent BNT162b2 (NCT05541861).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yushu Joy Xie
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Huitian Diao
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dewi Harjanto
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shirisha Meda
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Adam Zuiani
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John R Srouji
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Özlem Türeci
- BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany; HI-TRON - Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz by DKFZ, Obere Zahlbacherstr. 63, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Uğur Şahin
- BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany; TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstraße 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Asaf Poran
- BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Ma Q, Li M, Ma L, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhong H, Wen J, Wang Y, Yan Z, Xiong W, Wu L, Guo J, Yang W, Yang Z, Zhang B. SARS-CoV-2 bivalent mRNA vaccine with broad protection against variants of concern. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195299. [PMID: 37292197 PMCID: PMC10244545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has rapidly spread around the globe. With a substantial number of mutations in its Spike protein, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is prone to immune evasion and led to the reduced efficacy of approved vaccines. Thus, emerging variants have brought new challenges to the prevention of COVID-19 and updated vaccines are urgently needed to provide better protection against the Omicron variant or other highly mutated variants. Materials and methods Here, we developed a novel bivalent mRNA vaccine, RBMRNA-405, comprising a 1:1 mix of mRNAs encoding both Delta-derived and Omicron-derived Spike proteins. We evaluated the immunogenicity of RBMRNA-405 in BALB/c mice and compared the antibody response and prophylactic efficacy induced by monovalent Delta or Omicron-specific vaccine with the bivalent RBMRNA-405 vaccine in the SARSCoV-2 variant challenge. Results Results showed that the RBMRNA-405 vaccine could generate broader neutralizing antibody responses against both Wuhan-Hu-1 and other SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta, Omicron, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. RBMRNA-405 efficiently blocked infectious viral replication and lung injury in both Omicron- and Delta-challenged K18-ACE2 mice. Conclusion Our data suggest that RBMRNA-405 is a promising bivalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with broad-spectrum efficacy for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Argorna Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Manufacturing, Guangzhou RiboBio Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caroline Zhang
- Department of Manufacturing, Guangzhou RiboBio Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Argorna Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Zhong
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Argorna Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wen
- Department of Manufacturing, Guangzhou RiboBio Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Argorna Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zewei Yan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Argorna Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Manufacturing, Guangzhou RiboBio Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linping Wu
- Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Biliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Argorna Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Cortese P, Amato F, Davino A, De Franchis R, Esposito S, Zollo I, Di Domenico M, Solito E, Zarrilli F, Gentile L, Cernera G, Castaldo G. The Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in a Cohort of Family Pediatricians from Southern Italy. Cells 2023; 12:1447. [PMID: 37296568 PMCID: PMC10252549 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In Italy, from January 2021, the Ministry of Health indicated a vaccination plan against COVID for frail patients and physicians based on a three-dose scheme. However, conflicting results have been reported on which biomarkers permit immunization assessment. We used several laboratory approaches (i.e., antibodies serum levels, flow cytometry analysis, and cytokines release by stimulated cells) to investigate the immune response in a cohort of 53 family pediatricians (FPs) at different times after the vaccine. We observed that the BNT162b2-mRNA vaccine induced a significant increase of specific antibodies after the third (booster) dose; however, the antibody titer was not predictive of the risk of developing the infection in the six months following the booster dose. The antigen stimulation of PBMC cells from subjects vaccinated with the third booster jab induced the increase of the activated T cells (i.e., CD4+ CD154+); the frequency of CD4+ CD154+ TNF-α+ cells, as well as the TNF-α secretion, was not modified, while we observed a trend of increase of IFN-γ secretion. Interestingly, the level of CD8+ IFN-γ+ (independently from antibody titer) was significantly increased after the third dose and predicts the risk of developing the infection in the six months following the booster jab. Such results may impact also other virus vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cortese
- Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (A.D.); (R.D.F.)
| | - Felice Amato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (I.Z.); (F.Z.); (G.C.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Antonio Davino
- Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (A.D.); (R.D.F.)
| | - Raffaella De Franchis
- Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (FIMP), 80142 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (A.D.); (R.D.F.)
| | - Speranza Esposito
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Immacolata Zollo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (I.Z.); (F.Z.); (G.C.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Egle Solito
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary Univesity, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Federica Zarrilli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (I.Z.); (F.Z.); (G.C.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Laura Gentile
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Gustavo Cernera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (I.Z.); (F.Z.); (G.C.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (I.Z.); (F.Z.); (G.C.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (L.G.)
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Gatti A, Zizzo G, De Paschale M, Tamburello A, Castelnovo L, Faggioli PM, Clerici P, Brando B, Mazzone A. Assessing SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell reactivity in late convalescents and vaccinees: Comparison and combination of QuantiFERON and activation-induced marker assays, and relation with antibody status. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285728. [PMID: 37220145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 spread and vaccination strategies have relied on antibody (Ab) status as a correlate of protection. We used QuantiFERON™ (QFN) and Activation-Induced Marker (AIM) assays to measure memory T-cell reactivity in unvaccinated individuals with prior documented symptomatic infection (late convalescents) and fully vaccinated asymptomatic donors (vaccinees). METHODS Twenty-two convalescents and 13 vaccinees were enrolled. Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 and N Abs were measured using chemiluminescent immunoassays. QFN was performed following instructions and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) measured by ELISA. AIM was performed on aliquots of antigen-stimulated samples from QFN tubes. SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD4+CD25+CD134+, CD4+CD69+CD137+ and CD8+CD69+CD137+ T-cell frequencies were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS In convalescents, substantial agreement was observed between QFN and AIM assays. IFN-γ concentrations and AIM+ (CD69+CD137+) CD4+ T-cell frequencies correlated with each other, with Ab levels and AIM+ CD8+ T-cell frequencies, whereas AIM+ (CD25+CD134+) CD4+ T-cell frequencies correlated with age. AIM+ CD4+ T-cell frequencies increased with time since infection, whereas AIM+ CD8+ T-cell expansion was greater after recent reinfection. QFN-reactivity and anti-S1 titers were lower, whereas anti-N titers were higher, and no statistical difference in AIM-reactivity and Ab positivity emerged compared to vaccinees. CONCLUSIONS Albeit on a limited sample size, we confirm that coordinated, cellular and humoral responses are detectable in convalescents up to 2 years after prior infection. Combining QFN with AIM may enhance detection of naturally acquired memory responses and help stratify virus-exposed individuals in T helper 1-type (TH1)-reactive (QFNpos AIMpos Abshigh), non-TH1-reactive (QFNneg AIMpos Abshigh/low), and pauci-reactive (QFNneg AIMneg Abslow).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Gatti
- Laboratory of Haematology, Transfusion Center, Legnano Hospital, ASST Ovest Milanese, via Papa Giovanni Paolo II, Legnano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Zizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Legnano and Cuggiono Hospitals, ASST Ovest Milanese, via Papa Giovanni Paolo II, Legnano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo De Paschale
- Unit of Microbiology, Legnano Hospital, ASST Ovest Milanese, via Papa Giovanni Paolo II, Legnano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Tamburello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Legnano and Cuggiono Hospitals, ASST Ovest Milanese, via Papa Giovanni Paolo II, Legnano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Castelnovo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Legnano and Cuggiono Hospitals, ASST Ovest Milanese, via Papa Giovanni Paolo II, Legnano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Maria Faggioli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Legnano and Cuggiono Hospitals, ASST Ovest Milanese, via Papa Giovanni Paolo II, Legnano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Clerici
- Unit of Microbiology, Legnano Hospital, ASST Ovest Milanese, via Papa Giovanni Paolo II, Legnano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Brando
- Laboratory of Haematology, Transfusion Center, Legnano Hospital, ASST Ovest Milanese, via Papa Giovanni Paolo II, Legnano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Mazzone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Legnano and Cuggiono Hospitals, ASST Ovest Milanese, via Papa Giovanni Paolo II, Legnano, Milan, Italy
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Poli MC, Vial C, Rey-Jurado E, González N, Cortés LJ, Hormazabal J, Ramírez-Riffo C, de la Cruz J, Ulloa C. A Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Improves Immune Response in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11051012. [PMID: 37243116 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccination in these patients is prioritized, and monitoring of the immune response is paramount to define further vaccination strategies. This prospective study included a cohort of 100 adult CKD patients: 48 with kidney transplant (KT) and 52 on hemodialysis without prior COVID-19. The patients were assessed for humoral and cellular immune responses after four months of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 primary two-dose vaccination scheme (CoronaVac or BNT162b2) and one month after a booster third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. We identified poor cellular and humoral immune responses in the CKD patients after a primary vaccination scheme, and these responses were improved by a booster. Robust polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses were observed in the KT patients after a booster, and this could be attributed to a higher proportion of the patients having been vaccinated with homologous BNT162b2 schemes. However, even after the booster, the KT patients exhibited lower neutralizing antibodies, attributable to specific immunosuppressive treatments. Four patients suffered severe COVID-19 despite three-dose vaccination, and all had low polyfunctional T-cell responses, underscoring the importance of this functional subset in viral protection. In conclusion, a booster dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in CKD patients improves the impaired humoral and cellular immune responses observed after a primary vaccination scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Poli
- Departamento de Pediatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago 7650568, Chile
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Natalia González
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Lina Jimena Cortés
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Juan Hormazabal
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Riffo
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Javiera de la Cruz
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Camilo Ulloa
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago 7650568, Chile
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Gray-Gaillard SL, Solis S, Chen HM, Monteiro C, Ciabattoni G, Samanovic MI, Cornelius AR, Williams T, Geesey E, Rodriguez M, Ortigoza MB, Ivanova EN, Koralov SB, Mulligan MJ, Herati RS. Inflammation durably imprints memory CD4+ T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2022.11.15.516351. [PMID: 36415470 PMCID: PMC9681040 DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.15.516351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses are induced by vaccination and infection, yet little is known about how CD4+ T cell memory differs when primed in these two contexts. Notably, viral infection is generally associated with higher levels of systemic inflammation than is vaccination. To assess whether the inflammatory milieu at the time of CD4+ T cell priming has long-term effects on memory, we compared Spike-specific memory CD4+ T cells in 22 individuals around the time of the participants' third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, with stratification by whether the participants' first exposure to Spike was via virus or mRNA vaccine. Multimodal single-cell profiling of Spike-specific CD4+ T cells revealed 755 differentially expressed genes that distinguished infection- and vaccine-primed memory CD4+ T cells. Spike-specific CD4+ T cells from infection-primed individuals had strong enrichment for cytotoxicity and interferon signaling genes, whereas Spike-specific CD4+ T cells from vaccine-primed individuals were enriched for proliferative pathways by gene set enrichment analysis. Moreover, Spike-specific memory CD4+ T cells established by infection had distinct epigenetic landscapes driven by enrichment of IRF-family transcription factors, relative to T cells established by mRNA vaccination. This transcriptional imprint was minimally altered following subsequent mRNA vaccination or breakthrough infection, reflecting the strong bias induced by the inflammatory environment during initial memory differentiation. Together, these data suggest that the inflammatory context during CD4+ T cell priming is durably imprinted in the memory state at transcriptional and epigenetic levels, which has implications for personalization of vaccination based on prior infection history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Solis
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Han M. Chen
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Clarice Monteiro
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace Ciabattoni
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie I. Samanovic
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Amber R. Cornelius
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Tijaana Williams
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Emilie Geesey
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Mila Brum Ortigoza
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellie N. Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramin Sedaghat Herati
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
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95
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Macková J, Hainz P, Kryštofová J, Roubalová K, Šťastná-Marková M, Vaníková Š, Musil J, Vydra J, Němečková Š. Specific immune response to mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 in patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation for myeloid malignancy was altered by immunosuppressive therapy. Leuk Res 2023; 130:107314. [PMID: 37216792 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients are at high risk of complications associated with COVID-19 infection due to dysfunction of their immune system. Vaccination can protect from the adverse consequences of COVID-19. However, studies on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in HSCT recipients with insufficient post-HSCT immune reconstitution are still scarce. In our study, we determined how immunosuppressive medication and the reconstitution of the cellular immune system influenced T cell responses specific for the surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 virus (S antigen) after two doses of mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 in patients with myeloid malignancies treated with HSCT. METHODS Vaccination outcomes were followed in 18 (allo-HSCT) recipients and 8 healthy volunteers. The IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (NCP) protein were determined in ELISA and S-specific T cells were detected using a sensitive ELISPOT-IFNγ based on in vitro expansion and restimulation of T cells in pre- and post-vaccination blood samples. Multiparametric flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood leukocyte differentiation markers was employed for determination of reconstitution of the main subpopulations of T cells and NK cells at month 6 after HSCT. RESULTS S- specific IgG antibody response detected in 72% of the patients was lower than in healthy vaccinees (100%). Vaccine-induced T-cell responses to S1 or S2 antigen were significantly reduced in HSCT recipients, which were treated with corticosteroids in dose 5 mg of prednisone- equivalents or higher during the vaccination period or in preceeding 100 days in comparison with recipients un-affected with corticosteroids. A significant positive correlation was found between the level of anti-SARS-Cov-2 spike protein IgG antibodies and the number of functional S antigen-specific T cells. Further analysis also showed that the specific response to vaccination was significantly influenced by the interval between administration of vaccine and transplantation. Vaccination outcomes were not related to age, sex, type of mRNA vaccine used, basic diagnosis, HLA match between HSC donor and recipient, and blood counts of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes at the time of vaccination. Multiparametric flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood leukocyte differentiation markers showed that good humoral and cellular S-specific immune responses induced by vaccination were associated with well-reconstituted CD4+ T cells, mainly CD4+ effector memory subpopulation at six months after HSCT. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses of HSCT recipients to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were significantly suppressed by corticosteroid therapy. Specific response to the vaccine was significantly affected by the length of the interval between HSCT and vaccination. Vaccination as early as 5 months after HSCT can lead to a good response. Immune response to the vaccine is not related to age, gender, HLA match between HSC donor and recipient, or type of myeloid malignancy. Vaccine efficacy was dependent on well-reconstituted CD4+ T cells, at six months after HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Macková
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hainz
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kryštofová
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Roubalová
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Šťastná-Marková
- Transplant Unit and Hematological Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Vaníková
- Department of Immunomonitoring and Flow Cytometry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Musil
- Department of Immunomonitoring and Flow Cytometry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vydra
- Transplant Unit and Hematological Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Němečková
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.
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96
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Dietz LL, Juhl AK, Søgaard OS, Reekie J, Nielsen H, Johansen IS, Benfield T, Wiese L, Stærke NB, Jensen TØ, Jakobsen SF, Olesen R, Iversen K, Fogh K, Bodilsen J, Petersen KT, Larsen L, Madsen LW, Lindvig SO, Holden IK, Raben D, Andersen SD, Hvidt AK, Andreasen SR, Baerends EAM, Lundgren J, Østergaard L, Tolstrup M. Impact of age and comorbidities on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced T cell immunity. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:58. [PMID: 37095240 PMCID: PMC10124939 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older age and chronic disease are important risk factors for developing severe COVID-19. At population level, vaccine-induced immunity substantially reduces the risk of severe COVID-19 disease and hospitalization. However, the relative impact of humoral and cellular immunity on protection from breakthrough infection and severe disease is not fully understood. METHODS In a study cohort of 655 primarily older study participants (median of 63 years (IQR: 51-72)), we determined serum levels of Spike IgG antibodies using a Multiantigen Serological Assay and quantified the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells using activation induced marker assay. This enabled characterization of suboptimal vaccine-induced cellular immunity. The risk factors of being a cellular hypo responder were assessed using logistic regression. Further follow-up of study participants allowed for an evaluation of the impact of T cell immunity on breakthrough infections. RESULTS We show reduced serological immunity and frequency of CD4 + Spike-specific T cells in the oldest age group (≥75 years) and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) categories. Male sex, age group ≥75 years, and CCI > 0 is associated with an increased likelihood of being a cellular hypo-responder while vaccine type is a significant risk factor. Assessing breakthrough infections, no protective effect of T cell immunity is identified. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific immune responses in both the cellular and serological compartment of the adaptive immune system increase with each vaccine dose and are progressively lower with older age and higher prevalence of comorbidities. The findings contribute to the understanding of the vaccine response in individuals with increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Loksø Dietz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Anna Karina Juhl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joanne Reekie
- Center of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Isik Somuncu Johansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lothar Wiese
- Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Nina Breinholt Stærke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tomas Østergaard Jensen
- Center of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Finne Jakobsen
- Center of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Olesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kamille Fogh
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bodilsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Lykke Larsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lone Wulff Madsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susan Olaf Lindvig
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Inge Kristine Holden
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Raben
- Center of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Jens Lundgren
- Center of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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97
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Cavic M, Nesic A, Mirjacic Martinovic K, Vuletic A, Besu Zizak I, Tisma Miletic N, Krivokuca A, Jankovic R, Gavrovic-Jankulovic M. Detection of humoral and cellular immune response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in breastfeeding women and naïve and previously infected individuals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6271. [PMID: 37069315 PMCID: PMC10109231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored humoral and cellular responses to anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in breastfeeding women and naïve and seropositive individuals in the first six months after vaccination.Sixty-one volunteers vaccinated with two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine were enrolled in the study. In-house developed ELISA was used for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific antibodies. Cell surface marker expression and intracellular IFN-γ analysis were carried out by flow cytometry. The concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF were determined by ELISA. A significant rise in anti-RBD IgG antibody levels was observed 14 days after the first vaccine dose (p < 0.0001) in serum and milk. The expression of CD28 on CD4+ T cells was significantly higher compared to baseline (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in B cell lymphocyte subset after revaccination, and increased percentage of CD80+ B cells. The expression of IFN-γ in peripheral blood lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells and serum was significantly increased (p < 0.05). No significant difference in immune response was observed between breastfeeding women and other study participants. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine-induced measurable and durable immune response in breastfeeding women and in naïve and previously infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Andrijana Nesic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Mirjacic Martinovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Vuletic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irina Besu Zizak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Tisma Miletic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Krivokuca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila Jankovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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98
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Tippalagama R, Chihab LY, Kearns K, Lewis S, Panda S, Willemsen L, Burel JG, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Antigen-specificity measurements are the key to understanding T cell responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127470. [PMID: 37122719 PMCID: PMC10140422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific T cells play a central role in the adaptive immune response and come in a wide range of phenotypes. T cell receptors (TCRs) mediate the antigen-specificities found in T cells. Importantly, high-throughput TCR sequencing provides a fingerprint which allows tracking of specific T cells and their clonal expansion in response to particular antigens. As a result, many studies have leveraged TCR sequencing in an attempt to elucidate the role of antigen-specific T cells in various contexts. Here, we discuss the published approaches to studying antigen-specific T cells and their specific TCR repertoire. Further, we discuss how these methods have been applied to study the TCR repertoire in various diseases in order to characterize the antigen-specific T cells involved in the immune control of disease.
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99
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Ishio T, Tsukamoto S, Yokoyama E, Izumiyama K, Saito M, Muraki H, Kobayashi M, Mori A, Morioka M, Kondo T. Anti-CD20 antibodies and bendamustine attenuate humoral immunity to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:1421-1431. [PMID: 37041299 PMCID: PMC10089694 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Serologic responses of COVID-19 vaccine are impaired in patients with B-cell lymphoma, especially those who had recently been treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. However, it is still unclear whether those patients develop an immune response following vaccination. We investigated the efficacy of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in 171 patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) who received two doses of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine and we compared the efficacy of vaccination to that in 166 healthy controls. Antibody titers were measured 3 months after administration of the second vaccine dose. Patients with B-NHL showed a significantly lower seroconversion rate and a lower median antibody titer than those in healthy controls. The antibody titers showed correlations with the period from the last anti-CD20 antibody treatment to vaccination, the period from the last bendamustine treatment to vaccination and serum IgM level. The serologic response rates and median antibody titers were significantly different between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients in whom anti-CD20 antibody treatment was completed within 9 months before vaccination and follicular lymphoma (FL) patients in whom anti-CD20 antibody treatment was completed within 15 months before vaccination. Moreover, the serologic response rates and median antibody titers were significantly different among FL patients in whom bendamustine treatment was completed within 33 months before vaccination. We demonstrated that B-NHL patients who were recently treated with anti-CD20 antibodies and bendamustine had a diminished humoral response to COVID-19 vaccination. UMIN 000,045,267.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishio
- Blood Disorders Center, Aiiku Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | - Emi Yokoyama
- Blood Disorders Center, Aiiku Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koh Izumiyama
- Blood Disorders Center, Aiiku Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Saito
- Blood Disorders Center, Aiiku Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruna Muraki
- Division of Laboratory, Aiiku Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Akio Mori
- Blood Disorders Center, Aiiku Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Kondo
- Blood Disorders Center, Aiiku Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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100
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Wang J, Mai X, He Y, Zhu C, Zhou D. IgG1-Dominant Antibody Response Induced by Recombinant Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with PIKA Adjuvant. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040827. [PMID: 37112739 PMCID: PMC10144704 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with PIKA (polyI:C) adjuvant induces potent and durable neutralizing antibodies that protect against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. The immunoglobulin subclasses of viral-specific antibodies remain unknown, as do their glycosylation status on Fc regions. In this study, we analyzed immunoglobulins adsorbed by plate-bound recombinant trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein from serum of Cynomolgus monkey immunized by recombinant trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with PIKA (polyI:C) adjuvant. The results showed that IgG1 was the dominant IgG subclass as revealed by ion mobility mass spectrometry. The average percentage of Spike protein-specific IgG1 increased to 88.3% as compared to pre-immunization. Core fucosylation for Fc glycopeptide of Spike protein-specific IgG1 was found to be higher than 98%. These results indicate that a unique Th1-biased, IgG1-dominant antibody response was responsible for the effectiveness of PIKA (polyI:C) adjuvant. Vaccine-induced core-fucosylation of IgG1 Fc region may reduce incidence of severe COVID-19 disease associated with overstimulation of FCGR3A by afucosylated IgG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Wang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 500 Zhennan Road, Shanghai 200331, China
| | - Xinjia Mai
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 500 Zhennan Road, Shanghai 200331, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 500 Zhennan Road, Shanghai 200331, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 500 Zhennan Road, Shanghai 200331, China
| | - Dapeng Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 500 Zhennan Road, Shanghai 200331, China
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