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Vöhringer J, Schroeder PA, Hütter M, Svaldi J. Does inhibitory control spill over to eating behaviors? Two preregistered studies of inhibitory spillover effects on food intake and reactions to food stimuli. Appetite 2023; 191:107083. [PMID: 37832723 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are worldwide conditions associated with detrimental medical and psychosocial outcomes. As inhibitory control deficits are thought to contribute to weight gain, they are a worthwhile target for new approaches. Previous research has shown that the execution of inhibitory control in one domain leads to a concurrent increase of inhibitory control in another domain, an effect denoted as inhibitory spillover effect (ISE). Therefore, we assumed that exertion of inhibitory control in a food-unrelated domain in overweight and normal weight individuals will decrease food intake in a simultaneous bogus taste test (BTT; study 1) as well as increase food-specific response inhibition ability in a stop signal task (SST; study 2). We assumed stronger effects in overweight individuals. In both studies ISE was induced via cognitive priming and compared to a neutral condition in a group of overweight (OW: n = 46 for study 1, n = 46 for study 2) and normal weight (NW: n = 46 for study 1, n = 46 for study 2) individuals. In the ISE condition with an inhibitory control priming task, participants had to learn and retain control-related words while simultaneously performing a BTT (study 1) or SST (study 2). In the neutral condition, participants followed the same protocol, albeit memorizing neutral (i.e., control-unrelated) words. There was no significant interaction of weight group × cognitive priming condition neither regarding food intake (study 1) nor regarding food-related response inhibition (study 2). Cognitive priming, as implemented in the present studies, does not instigate an ISE strong enough to improve inhibitory control during food intake or food-related response inhibition. Relevant practical and theoretical aspects as well as implications for future research on the ISE are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Vöhringer
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstraße 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Philipp A Schroeder
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstraße 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mandy Hütter
- Department of Psychology, Social Cognition and Decision Sciences, University of Tübingen, Schleichstraße 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Svaldi
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstraße 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
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Farkas BC, Jacquet PO. Early life adversity jointly regulates body-mass index and working memory development. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231945. [PMID: 37964530 PMCID: PMC10646468 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has proposed that balancing energy expenditure towards body and brain development in an optimal fashion results in a negative relationship between somatic and neurocognitive growth during development. An important issue, largely overlooked so far, is the extent to which this energetic trade-off is influenced by early life environmental factors. In this study, we estimated the association between neurocognitive (measured by working memory ability) and somatic (measured by body-mass index) developmental trajectories, while taking into account multiple dimensions of early life adversity. Results of our initial growth curve model were consistent with this brain-body trade-off in both girls and boys. In a subsequent model, we showed that early life adversity had positive associations with somatic and negative associations with neurocognitive growth trajectories, although the direct negative coupling between them remained consistent. Finally, a multidimensional adversity model, separating the effects of deprivation, threat and unpredictability, revealed that the dimension of deprivation-reflecting lack of access to resources and cognitive stimulation-contributed the most to both somatic and neurocognitive growth patterns. These results suggest that the way individuals balance energy between these two biological constructs during development is partly linked to environmental influences through phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Csaba Farkas
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Psychotraumatisme de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Conseil Départemental Yvelines et Hauts-de-Seine et Centre Hospitalier des Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
- Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et en santé des populations, Inserm U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Paris, France
- LNC2, Département d'études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Jacquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Psychotraumatisme de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Conseil Départemental Yvelines et Hauts-de-Seine et Centre Hospitalier des Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
- Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et en santé des populations, Inserm U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Paris, France
- LNC2, Département d'études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
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Cheng C, Yang Y. Food stimuli decrease activation in regions of the prefrontal cortex related to executive function: an fNIRS study. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:96. [PMID: 37982958 PMCID: PMC10661783 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Overweight/obese individuals show impairments in executive functions such as inhibitory control. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these disturbances-and specifically, whether or not they involve altered activation of the specific prefrontal cortex regions-are not yet fully understood. METHODS The motivational dimensional model of affect suggests that high approach-motivated positive affect (e.g., desire) may impair executive function. In the present study, we investigated individual differences in neural responses to videos of food stimuli, and examined brain activity during a cognitive task in an approach-motivated positive state using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In Experiment 1, in 16 healthy young adults, we tested whether prefrontal cortex activation differed during a food video clip versus a neutral video clip. Then, after viewing each video clip, we tested for differences in executive function performance and prefrontal cortex activation during a Stroop task. Experiment 2 was the same, except that we compared 20 overweight/obese with 20 healthy young adults, and it incorporated only the food video clip. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results of both experiments indicated that food stimuli decrease activation in regions of the prefrontal cortex related to executive function. This study also suggests that overweight/obese might consciously suppress their responses to a desired stimulus, yet here it seems that effect was less pronounced than in healthy controls. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, Cohort Studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, Tennis College, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Graduate institute of athletics and coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport university, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of NeuroCognition/Imaging, School of Physical Education and Sport, Chaohu University, No. 1 Bantang Road, Chaohu City, Hefei City, 238000, Anhui Province, China.
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54
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Du X, Yan Y, Yu J, Zhu T, Huang CC, Zhang L, Shan X, Li R, Dai Y, Lv H, Zhang XY, Feng J, Li WG, Luo Q, Li F. SH2B1 Tunes Hippocampal ERK Signaling to Influence Fluid Intelligence in Humans and Mice. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0269. [PMID: 38434247 PMCID: PMC10907025 DOI: 10.34133/research.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Fluid intelligence is a cognitive domain that encompasses general reasoning, pattern recognition, and problem-solving abilities independent of task-specific experience. Understanding its genetic and neural underpinnings is critical yet challenging for predicting human development, lifelong health, and well-being. One approach to address this challenge is to map the network of correlations between intelligence and other constructs. In the current study, we performed a genome-wide association study using fluid intelligence quotient scores from the UK Biobank to explore the genetic architecture of the associations between obesity risk and fluid intelligence. Our results revealed novel common genetic loci (SH2B1, TUFM, ATP2A1, and FOXO3) underlying the association between fluid intelligence and body metabolism. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that SH2B1 variation influenced fluid intelligence independently of its effects on metabolism but partially mediated its association with bilateral hippocampal volume. Consistently, selective genetic ablation of Sh2b1 in the mouse hippocampus, particularly in inhibitory neurons, but not in excitatory neurons, significantly impaired working memory, short-term novel object recognition memory, and behavioral flexibility, but not spatial learning and memory, mirroring the human intellectual performance. Single-cell genetic profiling of Sh2B1-regulated molecular pathways revealed that Sh2b1 deletion resulted in aberrantly enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, whereas pharmacological inhibition of ERK signaling reversed the associated behavioral impairment. Our cross-species study thus provides unprecedented insight into the role of SH2B1 in fluid intelligence and has implications for understanding the genetic and neural underpinnings of lifelong mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Du
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom Institute,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhua Yan
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education),
School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
- Center for Experimental Studies and Research,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Tailin Zhu
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education),
School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science,
East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xingyue Shan
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education),
School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ren Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom Institute,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hui Lv
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom Institute,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom Institute,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Guang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom Institute,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Li
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health,
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department,
Shanghai Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China
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Haley AP, Clark AL, Duarte A. Lower Body Mass Index at Baseline Is Related to Steeper Cognitive Decline in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Cohort. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:805-812. [PMID: 37594246 PMCID: PMC10662601 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Midlife obesity is a risk factor for dementia, whereas obesity in older age may be protective of cognition, a phenomenon known as the "obesity paradox." The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function over time remain unclear. METHODS In 1399 adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (median age 73.6 years) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we modeled the effects of baseline BMI on within-person trajectories of cognitive decline using Latent Growth Curve Modeling. We also tested if the effects of BMI on cognitive decline are global or specific to memory, executive function, or language. RESULTS Higher baseline BMI was associated with better memory ( βBMI = 0.06, p < .05) and worse executive function ( βBMI = -0.05, p < .05) and not associated with language. Independent of baseline diagnosis, higher baseline BMI was associated with slower rate of decline in executive function, memory, and language ( βBMI = 0.13, 0.12, and 0.12, respectively; p < .01). Higher BMI was not associated with the intercept ( βBMI = 0.04, p = .059) or change ( βBMI = 0.04, p = .415) in a global cognitive factor. CONCLUSIONS We found that higher baseline BMI was associated with slower cognitive decline in participants with and without mild cognitive impairment diagnosis. Higher BMI in this context seems to be protective of cognitive function for people at risk for dementia. Our findings also support domain-specific effects of obesity on various cognitive functions rather than a final common pathway.
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Larsen BA, Klinedinst BS, Wolf T, McLimans KE, Wang Q, Pollpeter A, Li T, Mohammadiarvejeh P, Fili M, Grundy JG, Willette AA. Adiposity and insulin resistance moderate the links between neuroelectrophysiology and working and episodic memory functions in young adult males but not females. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114321. [PMID: 37567373 PMCID: PMC10592072 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and insulin resistance negatively influence neural activity and cognitive function, but electrophysiological mechanisms underlying these interrelationships remain unclear. This study investigated whether adiposity and insulin resistance moderated neural activity and underlying cognitive functions in young adults. METHODS Real-time electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded in 38 lean (n = 12) and obese (n = 26) young adults with (n = 15) and without (n = 23) insulin resistance (18-38 years, 55.3% female) as participants completed three neurocognitive tasks in working memory (Operation Span), inhibitory control (Stroop), and episodic memory (Visual Association Test). Body fat percentage was quantified by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (DEXA/DXA). Fasting serum insulin and glucose were quantified to calculate Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values, for which a higher value indicates more insulin resistance. Hierarchical moderated regression analysis tested these interrelationships. RESULTS In males, greater frontal negative slow wave (fNSW) and positive slow wave (PSW) amplitudes were linked to higher working memory accuracy in participants with low, but not high, body fat percentage and HOMA-IR levels. In contrast, body fat percentage and HOMA-IR did not moderate these associations in females. Furthermore, body fat percentage and HOMA-IR values moderated the relationship between greater fNSW amplitudes and better episodic memory accuracy in males, but not females. Finally, body fat percentage and insulin resistance did not moderate the link between neural activity and inhibitory control for either sex. CONCLUSION Young adult males, but not females, with higher body adiposity and insulin resistance showed reduced neural activity and worse underlying working and episodic memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Larsen
- Department of Behavioral Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Brandon S Klinedinst
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, RR-512, Health Sciences Building, Box 356420, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, Washington, 98195, United States of America
| | - Tovah Wolf
- Lifecare Alliance, 1699 W Mound St., Columbus, Ohio, 43223, United States of America
| | - Kelsey E McLimans
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Viterbo University, 900 Viterbo Dr., La Crosse, Wisconsin, 54601, United States of America
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, 536 Farm House Ln., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Amy Pollpeter
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Tianqi Li
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, 536 Farm House Ln., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Parvin Mohammadiarvejeh
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, 3004 Black Engineering, 2529 Union Dr., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Fili
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, 3004 Black Engineering, 2529 Union Dr., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - John G Grundy
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, 901 Stange Rd., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America
| | - Auriel A Willette
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, 2312 Food Sciences Building, 536 Farm House Ln., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America; Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, 901 Stange Rd., Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., 2007 Roy Carver Pavilion, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America.
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Xu H, Owens MM, MacKillop J. Neuroanatomical profile of BMI implicates impulsive delay discounting and general cognitive ability. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2799-2808. [PMID: 37853988 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a disorder of excessive adiposity, typically assessed via the anthropometric density measure of BMI. Numerous studies have implicated BMI with differences in brain structure, but with highly inconsistent findings. METHODS Machine learning elastic net regression models with cross-validation were conducted to characterize a neuroanatomical morphometry profile associated with BMI in 1100 participants (22% BMI > 30, n = 242) from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult project. RESULTS Using five-fold cross-validation, the multiregion neuroanatomical profile substantively predicted BMI (R2 = 10.05%), and this was robust in a held-out test set (R2 = 8.87%). In terms of specific regions, the neuroanatomical profile was enriched for nodes in the default mode, executive control, and salience networks. The relationship between the morphometry profile and BMI itself was partially mediated by impulsive delay discounting and general cognitive ability. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings reveal a robust machine learning-derived neuroanatomical profile of BMI, one that comprises nodes in motivational brain networks and suggests the functional links to obesity are via self-regulatory capacity and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Max M Owens
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Krikorian R, Shidler MD, Summer SS. Early Intervention in Cognitive Aging with Strawberry Supplementation. Nutrients 2023; 15:4431. [PMID: 37892506 PMCID: PMC10610192 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-life dementia is a growing public health concern lacking effective treatment. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) develop over a preclinical period of many years beginning in midlife. The prevalence of insulin resistance, a prominent risk factor for late-life dementia, also accelerates in middle-age. Consumption of berry fruits, including strawberries, has been shown to influence metabolism as well as cognitive performance suggesting potential to mitigate risk for dementia. In this controlled trial, we enrolled overweight middle-aged men and women with insulin resistance and subjective cognitive decline and performed a 12-week intervention with daily administration of whole-fruit strawberry powder. Diet records showed that participants in both groups maintained the prescribed abstinence from berry product consumption outside the study. We observed diminished memory interference (p = 0.02; Cohen's f = 0.45) and a reduction of depressive symptoms (p = 0.04; Cohen's f = 0.39) for the strawberry-treated participants; benefits consistent with improved executive ability. However, there was no effect of the intervention on metabolic measures, possibly a consequence of the sample size, length of the intervention, or comparatively low anthocyanin dose. Anti-inflammatory actions of anthocyanins were considered as a primary mechanistic factor. The findings support the notion that strawberry supplementation has a role in dementia risk reduction when introduced in midlife. However, further investigation with longer intervention periods, larger samples, and differing dosing regimens will be required to assess the benefits of strawberry intake with respect to cognition and metabolic function in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krikorian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Marcelle D. Shidler
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Suzanne S. Summer
- Bionutrition Core, Schubert Research Clinic, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
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Tedrus GMAS, Leandro-Merhi VA, Rebelo RC, da Silva BN. Cognition and obesity in adults with epilepsy. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:1033-1040. [PMID: 37409725 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Objective: to assess the occurrence of overweight/obesity in patient with epilepsy (PWEs) and to relate it to cognitive aspects and clinical variables. Methodology: the measurements of waist circumference, calf circumference, arm circumference, and the body mass index were related to the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu, as well as to the clinical variables of 164 PWEs, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Data were compared to a similar control group (CG) comprising 71 cases. Linear and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess factors related to cognitive aspects. Results: the mean age of the PWEs was 49.8 ± 16.6 years with a mean length of epilepsy of 22 ± 15.9 years. Overweight/obesity occurred in 106 (64.6 %) PWEs and in 42 (59.1 %) CG subjects. The PWEs had a worse performance in several cognitive functions when compared to CG subjects. In the PWEs, overweight/obesity was associated with lower educational level, older age, and cognitive impairment. Greater waist circumference, overweight, age at the first seizure, and use of polytherapy with antiseizure medications were predictive factors of memory impairment in multiple linear regression. Greater arm and calf circumference values were associated with better performance in several cognitive areas. Conclusion: the occurrence of overweight/obesity in PWEs and CG subjects was high. Cognitive impairment occurred in a high number of PWEs and was associated with overweight, greater waist circumference values, and clinical aspects of epilepsy. Better cognitive performance was associated with greater arm and calf circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M A S Tedrus
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas
| | | | | | - Bárbara Nunes da Silva
- Undergraduate Program. Faculdade de Medicina. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas
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Bagheri M, Nouri M, Homayounfar R, Akhlaghi M. Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet with cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study on PERSIAN cohort study in Fasa. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14870. [PMID: 37684269 PMCID: PMC10491824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between Mediterranean diet and obesity-related markers is a matter of debate. We investigated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and anthropometric indices, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian population. The cross-sectional study was performed on data of 3386 participants from Fasa PERSIAN cohort study. The Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was calculated based on consumption of 11 food groups (unrefined cereals, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, red meat, poultry, dairy, olive oil, and alcoholic beverages). The association between MDS and cardiometabolic risk factors was examined by linear regression analysis. MDS was inversely associated with waist circumference (β = - 1.11; P = 0.033), waist-to-hip ratio (β = - 0.007; P = 0.011), waist-to-height ratio (β = - 0.009; P = 0.015), fasting glucose (β = - 3.59; P = 0.001), and HDL-cholesterol (β = - 0.96; P = 0.031) in unadjusted model. After adjusting for energy intake, the associations of MDS with markers of abdominal obesity and HDL-cholesterol disappeared. In fully adjusted model, MDS showed inverse relationships with waist-to-hip ratio (β = - 0.005; P = 0.037) and fasting glucose (β = - 2.71; P = 0.013). In conclusion, MDS showed an inverse relationship with fasting glucose and waist-to-hip ratio. Since energy intake increased along with increasing MDS, adherence to the Mediterranean diet may associate with lower abdominal obesity and better glycemic control if an energy-controlled Mediterranean diet is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Bagheri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Shiraz, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Shiraz, Iran.
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Osiecka Z, Fausto BA, Gills JL, Sinha N, Malin SK, Gluck MA. Obesity reduces hippocampal structure and function in older African Americans with the APOE-ε4 Alzheimer's disease risk allele. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1239727. [PMID: 37731955 PMCID: PMC10507275 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1239727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Excess body weight and Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affect older African Americans. While mid-life obesity increases risk for AD, few data exist on the relationship between late-life obesity and AD, or how obesity-based and genetic risk for AD interact. Although the APOE-ε4 allele confers a strong genetic risk for AD, it is unclear if late-life obesity poses a greater risk for APOE-ε4 carriers compared to non-carriers. Here we assessed: (1) the influence of body mass index (BMI) (normal; overweight; class 1 obese; ≥ class 2 obese) on cognitive and structural MRI measures of AD risk; and (2) the interaction between BMI and APOE-ε4 in older African Americans. Methods Seventy cognitively normal older African American participants (Mage = 69.50 years; MBMI = 31.01 kg/m2; 39% APOE-ε4 allele carriers; 86% female) completed anthropometric measurements, physical assessments, saliva collection for APOE-ε4 genotyping, cognitive testing, health and lifestyle questionnaires, and structural neuroimaging [volume/surface area (SA) for medial temporal lobe subregions and hippocampal subfields]. Covariates included age, sex, education, literacy, depressive symptomology, and estimated aerobic fitness. Results Using ANCOVAs, we observed that individuals who were overweight demonstrated better hippocampal cognitive function (generalization of learning: a sensitive marker of preclinical AD) than individuals with normal BMI, p = 0.016, ηp2 = 0.18. However, individuals in the obese categories who were APOE-ε4 non-carriers had larger hippocampal subfield cornu Ammonis region 1 (CA1) volumes, while those who were APOE-ε4 carriers had smaller CA1 volumes, p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.23. Discussion Thus, being overweight by BMI standards may preserve hippocampal function, but obesity reduces hippocampal structure and function in older African Americans with the APOE-ε4 Alzheimer's disease risk allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Osiecka
- Aging and Brain Health Alliance, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University–Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Bernadette A. Fausto
- Aging and Brain Health Alliance, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University–Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Joshua L. Gills
- Aging and Brain Health Alliance, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University–Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Neha Sinha
- Aging and Brain Health Alliance, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University–Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mark A. Gluck
- Aging and Brain Health Alliance, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University–Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
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Feng ZT, Mao ZX, Liu FB, Ou XW. Time course efficiency of MICE and HIIE on inhibitory control and HRV in adolescents with obesity and different cardiorespiratory fitness. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1242190. [PMID: 37663339 PMCID: PMC10470641 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1242190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent obesity is associated with impaired inhibitory control. Acute exercise can improve executive function. However, due to the influence of exercise intensity, cognitive test timing, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) level, the most effective exercise program remains controversial. Methods The current study investigated the time-course effects of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on inhibitory control (Stroop) and task-related heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents with different CF. A mixed experimental design of 2 CF levels (high CF, HCF; low CF, LCF) × 3 exercise methods (MICE, HIIE, CON) × 3 test timing (pre, post-0, post-20) was adopted. Heart rate variability (HRV) and Stroop task tests were conducted before exercise (pre), immediately after exercise (post-0), and 20 min after exercise (post-20). Results Individuals with HCF exhibited a positive decrease in Stroop response time immediately and 20 min after MICE and HIIE, compared to pretest response times (RT). Conversely, individuals with LCF showed a slight increase in Stroop task (RT) only immediately after HIIE. All individuals had a slight increase in ACC after MICE and HIIE compared to before exercise. In addition, compared with the control group, the time-domain index (the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals, RMSSD) of HRV was significantly decreased, the frequency-domain index (the absolute power of the Low-Frequency band/the absolute power of the High-Frequency band ratio, LF/HF) was significantly increased after MICE and HIIE, and the effect of HIIE on RMSSD and LF/HF was significantly greater than that of MICE. Conclusion The current study found that the acute effects of MICE and HIIE on inhibitory control in obese adolescents were influenced by the interaction of cognitive test timing and cardiorespiratory fitness. Individuals with high cardiorespiratory fitness performed better on the Stroop task than individuals with low cardiorespiratory fitness. The inhibitory control of HIIE in high-cardiorespiratory obese adolescents produced positive effects similar to those in MICE but more lasting, suggesting that HIIE is more beneficial for high-cardiorespiratory obese adolescents. MICE promoted inhibitory control in obese adolescents with low cardiorespiratory fitness, but HIIE impaired inhibitory control in obese adolescents with low cardiorespiratory fitness immediately after exercise, suggesting that low cardiopulmonary fitness obese adolescents may be suitable for MICE rather than HIIE exercise intervention. The shift from balanced HRV to sympathetic dominance after acute exercise reflects increased arousal levels and may be one of the underlying mechanisms by which acute exercise brings benefits to executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Tao Feng
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Rizhao, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Mao
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Bo Liu
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Ou
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Rizhao, China
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63
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Zhang W, Liu H, Zhang T. Immediate and short-term effects of single-task and motor-cognitive dual-task on executive function. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290171. [PMID: 37585447 PMCID: PMC10431647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Executive function plays an important role in our daily life and can be affected by both single task (acute aerobic exercise or cognitive training) and dual-task (acute motor-cognitive training) interventions. Here we explored the immediate and short-term effect on executive function to texted whether dual-task interventions are more effective at promoting executive function. METHODS Forty-six young men were recruited (mean age: 20.65 years) and assigned randomly to aerobic exercise (n = 15), cognitive training (n = 15), or dual-task (n = 16) groups. Executive functions were assessed before, immediately after, and 30 min after intervention using Go/No-go, 2-back, and More-Odd-Shifting tests. RESULTS Working memory function improved after all three interventions (significant Time effect, F(2,86) = 7.05, p = 0.001). Performance on the 2-back test was significantly better immediately after dual-task intervention (p = 0.038) and the response time was shorter (p = 0.023). Performance on the More-Odd-Shifting test improved over time (significant Time effect, F(2,86) = 30.698, p = 0.01), both immediately after the dual-task intervention (p = 0.015), and 30 min later (p = 0.001). Shifting-test performance was also better immediately after (p = 0.005) and 30 min after (p < 0.001) aerobic exercise. CONCLUSION Executive function was enhanced by single-task (acute aerobic exercise or cognitive training) and dual-task interventions. The effect continued for 30 min after both the single-task aerobic exercise and the dual-task intervention. For short-term intervention, the dual-task was not more effective than either of the single tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, North Sichuan Medical College, Gaoping District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hua Liu
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Department, Zhoukou Vocational and Technical College, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, China
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64
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Sadler JR, Thapaliya G, Ranganath K, Gabay A, Chen L, Smith KR, Osorio RS, Convit A, Carnell S. Paediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome associations with cognition and the brain in youth: Current evidence and future directions. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13042. [PMID: 37202148 PMCID: PMC10826337 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with differences in brain structure and function and in general and food-related cognition in adults. Here, we review evidence for similar phenomena in children and adolescents, with a focus on the implications of extant research for possible underlying mechanisms and potential interventions for obesity and MetS in youth. Current evidence is limited by a relative reliance on small cross-sectional studies. However, we find that youth with obesity and MetS or MetS components show differences in brain structure, including alterations in grey matter volume and cortical thickness across brain regions subserving reward, cognitive control and other functions, as well as in white matter integrity and volume. Children with obesity and MetS components also show some evidence for hyperresponsivity of food reward regions and hyporesponsivity of cognitive control circuits during food-related tasks, altered brain responses to food tastes, and altered resting-state connectivity including between cognitive control and reward processing networks. Potential mechanisms for these findings include neuroinflammation, impaired vascular reactivity, and effects of diet and obesity on myelination and dopamine function. Future observational research using longitudinal measures, improved sampling strategies and study designs, and rigorous statistical methods, promises to further illuminate dynamic relationships and causal mechanisms. Intervention studies targeted at modifiable biological and behavioural factors associated with paediatric obesity and MetS can further inform mechanisms, as well as test whether brain and behaviour can be altered for beneficial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Sadler
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kushi Ranganath
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Gabay
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liuyi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly R. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricardo S. Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Antonio Convit
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Szcześniewska P, Bryl E, Dutkiewicz A, Borkowska AR, Bilska K, Paszyńska E, Słopień A, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Hanć T. Cool executive functions and their association with body mass & fatness and the FTO gene in school-aged children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12148. [PMID: 37500688 PMCID: PMC10374888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The FTO gene rs9936909 polymorphism is one of the well-documented single nucleotide polymorphisms in the context of increased risk of obesity, including in children. Few studies have tested the association of the FTO gene with cognitive functions. Deficits of "cool" executive functions (EFs) are considered a potential risk factor for excessive weight. The aims of our study were to investigate whether cool EFs are associated with the Body Mass Index, the Fat Mass Index and the risk of excess body mass and overfatness in neurotypically school-aged children, and whether the FTO gene polymorphism is involved in development of this possible association. The sample consisted of 553 children aged 6-12 years old. A body composition analysis, a neuropsychological assessment of EFs, and FTO polymorphism genotyping were performed in the children studied. The study found a significant association of an interference effect in theStroop Color-Word Interference Task and the risk of excessive body fatness, but not excessive body mass. There were no explicit associations between the FTO genotype and EFs deficits. Environmental factors, and particularly low maternal education, appeared to be the strongest contributors to the increased risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Szcześniewska
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aneta R Borkowska
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-400, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Paszyńska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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Gong HJ, Tang X, Chai YH, Qiao YS, Xu H, Patel I, Zhang JY, Zhou JB. Predicted lean body mass in relation to cognitive function in the older adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1172233. [PMID: 37484948 PMCID: PMC10358760 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1172233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous findings about lean body mass (LBM) and cognitive function remain unclear. We aimed to examine this association by using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods Using data from the NHANES 2011-2014, we conducted logistic regression models to investigate the relation between the predicted LBM and domain-specific cognitive function assessed by Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning test (CERAD-WL) and Delayed Recall test (CERAD-DR), and Animal Fluency (AF) for information processing speed, memory, and executive function, respectively. Cognitive impairment was defined as the lowest quartile of each cognitive test in the total population. Sex-stratified analysis was further made. Results A total of 2955 participants aged 60 and above (mean [SD] age, 69.17[0.20] years; 1511 female [51.13%]) were included in the study. After being adjusted for social economic factors, anthropometric parameters, and diseases, we found a positive association between predicted LBM and information processing speed (Odds ratio of DSST impairment= 0.95, 95%CI= 0.91 to 0.99) regardless of body mass index and sex. Compared with patients in the first quartile of predicted LBM, those in the fourth quartile had an odds ratio of 0.355 (95% confidence interval 0.153-0.822) for DSST impairment. No significant relation in other cognitive tests and predicted LBM was found whether stratified by sex or not. Conclusion Our findings point to the association between predicted lean body mass and cognitive dysfunction in information processing speed, which could be used for early detection and prevention of deterioration of cognitive function among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jian Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyao Tang
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin-He Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Shun Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ikramulhaq Patel
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Burger KS. Food reinforcement architecture: A framework for impulsive and compulsive overeating and food abuse. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1734-1744. [PMID: 37368515 PMCID: PMC10313138 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Few reward-based theories address key drivers of susceptibility to food cues and consumption beyond fullness. Decision-making and habit formation are governed by reinforcement-based learning processes that, when overstimulated, can drive unregulated hedonically motivated overeating. Here, a model food reinforcement architecture is proposed that uses fundamental concepts in reinforcement and decision-making to identify maladaptive eating habits that can lead to obesity. This model is unique in that it identifies metabolic drivers of reward and incorporates neuroscience, computational decision-making, and psychology to map overeating and obesity. Food reinforcement architecture identifies two paths to overeating: a propensity for hedonic targeting of food cues contributing to impulsive overeating and lack of satiation that contributes to compulsive overeating. A combination of those paths will result in a conscious and subconscious drive to overeat independent of negative consequences, leading to food abuse and/or obesity. Use of this model to identify aberrant reinforcement learning processes and decision-making systems that can serve as markers of overeating risk may provide an opportunity for early intervention in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S Burger
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Lammert M, Medawar E, Hartmann H, Grasser L, Dietrich A, Fenske W, Horstmann A. Distinct adaptations of endocrine and cognitive functions may contribute to high variability in long-term weight loss outcome after bariatric surgery. Physiol Behav 2023:114279. [PMID: 37356514 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery has been widely recognized as the most efficient long-term treatment method in severe obesity, yet therapy success shows considerable interindividual variability. Postoperative metabolic adaptations, including improved gut hormone secretion (GLP-1, PYY and ghrelin), and restored executive function may play an explanatory role in weight loss, yet causes for poor success in individual patients remain unknown. This study investigates gut-hormonal and cognitive characteristics in extreme weight loss responders to bariatric surgery. METHODS Patients (n=47) with high or low excessive weight loss (EWL) at least 2 years after Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy were allocated into good responders (GR, EWL 82.4 ± 11.6%) and poor responders (PR, EWL 24.0 ± SD 12.8%) to study differences in postprandial secretion of GLP-1, PYY, ghrelin and in working memory (WM). RESULTS Mean BMI was 47.1 ± 6.2 kg/m² in PR (n=21) and 28.9 ± 3.1 kg/m² in GR (n=26, p < 0.001). Fasted GLP-1 and PYY were comparable for GR and PR (p > 0.2) and increased strongly after a standardized test meal (300 kcal liquid meal) with a peak at 15 to 30 minutes. The increase was stronger in GR compared to PR (GLP-1, PYY: Time x Group p < 0.05). Plasma ghrelin levels already differed between groups at fasted state, showing significantly higher levels for GR (p < 0.05). Postprandially, ghrelin secretion was suppressed in both groups, but suppression was higher in GR (Time x Group p < 0.05). GR showed significantly higher WM scores than PR (p < 0.05). Postprandial ghrelin (iAUC), but not GLP-1 or PYY plasma levels, significantly mediated the relationship between EWL and a WM subscore (IS score, CI = 0.07 - 1.68), but not WM main score (MIS score, CI = -0.07 - 1.54), in mediation analyses. CONCLUSION Excess weight loss success after bariatric surgical procedures is associated with distinct profiles of gut-hormones at fasted and postprandial state, and differences in working memory. Better working memory performance in GR might be mediated by higher postprandial reduction in ghrelin plasma levels. Future studies need to integrate longitudinal data, larger samples and more sensitive cognitive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Lammert
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, Collaborative Research Centre 1052-A5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Hartmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, Collaborative Research Centre 1052-A5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Linda Grasser
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Obesity, Metabolic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Fenske
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, Collaborative Research Centre 1052-A5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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Huo S, Li J, Guo J, Yan H, Deng X, Liu Y, Zhao J. Young Adults with Negative Body Image at Fatness Subscale Are More Restrained Than Normal Adults during a Chocolate Discounting Task. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6122. [PMID: 37372709 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Research has confirmed that people with obesity exhibit special responses to food stimuli when it comes to food-related decision tasks. However, it is unclear whether the phenomenon exists in people who feel mentally obese, even though they are not obese. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral and neural correlations of food-related decision-making between young adults with negative body image at fatness subscale and a control group, so as to explore the differences in executive functioning between them. We used a time-delayed discounting task (DDT) and recruited 13 young female adults in each group to participate in the electroencephalogram (EEG) experiment. The number of selections for low immediate rewards and high delayed rewards was used as a performance indicator for DDT. Behavioral results showed a significant interaction effect between selection types and groups, where more delayed rewards and shorter immediate rewards were selected in the group with negative body image at fatness subscale than in the control group. Statistical correlations between body mass index (BMI) and selection times were found in the control group, but this phenomenon did not occur in the experimental group. The event-related potentials found that the P100 of young adults with a negative body image at fatness subscale was greater than those in the control group. P200 showed a significant interaction effect between groups, electrodes, and selection types. N200 and N450 in delayed rewards were more negative than in immediate rewards for both groups. These findings suggest that young adults with negative body image at fatness subscale are more restrained than young adults in the control group when choosing chocolates. Moreover, individuals with negative body image at fatness subscale might be more sensitive to food stimuli than individuals in the control group, because their P100 amplitude was significantly larger than that of individuals in the control group when exposed to food-related stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Huo
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jun Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Han Yan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyi Deng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing 400715, China
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70
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Hilbert A. Psychological and Medical Treatments for Binge-Eating Disorder: A Research Update. Physiol Behav 2023:114267. [PMID: 37302642 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Binge-eating disorder (BED), characterized by recurrent binge eating in the absence of regular weight-compensatory behaviors, is the most common eating disorder, associated with pronounced mental and physical sequelae. An increasing body of research documents the efficacy of diverse approaches to the treatment of this disorder, summarized in meta-analyses. This research update narratively reviewed randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) on the psychological and medical treatment of BED published between January 2018 to November 2022, identified through a systematic literature search. A total of 16 new RCTs and 3 studies on previous RCTs providing efficacy- and safety-related data were included. Regarding psychotherapy, confirmatory evidence supported the use of integrative-cognitive therapy and, with lower effects, brief emotion regulation skills training for binge eating and associated psychopathology. Behavioral weight loss treatment was revealed to be efficacious for binge eating, weight loss, and psychopathology, but its combination with naltrexone-bupropion did not augment efficacy. New treatment approaches were explored, including e-mental-health and brain-directed treatments, mostly targeting emotion and self-regulation. Additionally, different therapeutic approaches were evaluated in complex stepped-care models. In light of these advances, future research is necessary to further optimize effects of evidence-based treatments for BED, through improvement of existing or development of new treatments, based on mechanistic and/or interventional research, and/or tailoring treatments to personal characteristics in a precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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71
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de la Peña I, Afable T, Dahilig-Talan VR, Cruz P. Review of Plant Extracts and Active Components: Mechanisms of Action for the Treatment of Obesity-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:929. [PMID: 37371407 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been shown to negatively impact cognitive functions, but effective treatments for obesity-induced cognitive impairment are lacking. Natural dietary and plant products, functional foods, and plant-derived compounds have gained attention as potential remedies in part due to the nootropic properties of plants and certain plant-derived agents. This review discusses plant extracts and plant-derived substances that have been shown to ameliorate obesity-induced cognitive impairment in animal models. Mechanistic evaluations of their therapeutic effects are also summarized. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, resulting in the review of 27 English language articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The nine plants (e.g., Ashwagandha, Adzuki bean, and olive) and 18 plant-derived substances (e.g., curcumin, Huperzine A, and Roxburgh's jewel orchid polysaccharides) included in this review improved obesity-induced cognitive impairment through several mechanisms, including attenuation of neuroinflammation, improvement in both central and peripheral insulin resistance, enhancement of neuroprotection and neurogenesis, and modulation of the synthesis and release of cognition-associated neurotransmitters. Based on these findings, plants and plant-derived substances may hold promise for the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced cognitive impairment. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical potential of these plant-derived treatments and to elucidate their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike de la Peña
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Timothy Afable
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | | | - Philip Cruz
- Herbanext Laboratories, Inc., Negros South Road, Bago City 6101, Philippines
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72
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Ion RM, Sibianu M, Hutanu A, Beresescu FG, Sala DT, Flavius M, Rosca A, Constantin C, Scurtu A, Moriczi R, Muresan MG, Gabriel P, Niculescu R, Neagoe RM. A Comprehensive Summary of the Current Understanding of the Relationship between Severe Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Inflammatory Status. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113818. [PMID: 37298013 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, obesity, as a part of metabolic syndrome, represents the leading factor for disability, and is correlated with higher inflammation status, morbidity, and mortality. The purpose of our study is to add new insights to the present body of knowledge regarding the correlations between chronic systemic inflammation and severe obesity, which cannot be treated without considering other metabolic syndrome conditions. Biomarkers of high-level chronic inflammation are recognized as important predictors of pro-inflammatory disease. Besides the well-known pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as WBCs (white blood cells), IL-1 (interleukin-1), IL-6 (interleukin-6), TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), and hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), as well as anti-inflammatory markers, such as adiponectin and systemic inflammation, can be determined by a variety of blood tests as a largely available and inexpensive inflammatory biomarker tool. A few parameters, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; the level of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, which is part of the macrophage-enriched metabolic network in adipose tissue; or levels of glutamine, an immune-metabolic regulator in white adipose tissue, are markers that link obesity to inflammation. Through this narrative review, we try to emphasize the influence of the weight-loss process in reducing obesity-related pro-inflammatory status and associated comorbidities. All data from the presented studies report positive results following weight-loss procedures while improving overall health, an effect that lasts over time, as far as the existing research data show.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan-Marius Ion
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Melania Sibianu
- Clinical Medicine I, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Adina Hutanu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Felicia Gabriela Beresescu
- Department of Morphology of Teeth and Dental Arches, Faculty of Dentistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Daniela Tatiana Sala
- Second Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Mocian Flavius
- Second Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ancuta Rosca
- Third Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Calin Constantin
- Second Department of Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alexandra Scurtu
- Second Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Renata Moriczi
- Second Department of Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Mircea Gabriel Muresan
- Second Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Popescu Gabriel
- Second Department of Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Raluca Niculescu
- Second Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Radu Mircea Neagoe
- Second Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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Zhang Y, Ji W, Jiang F, Wu F, Li G, Hu Y, Zhang W, Wang J, Fan X, Wei X, Manza P, Tomasi D, Volkow ND, Gao X, Wang GJ, Zhang Y. Associations among body mass index, working memory performance, gray matter volume, and brain activation in healthy children. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6335-6344. [PMID: 36573454 PMCID: PMC10422922 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the association between poorer working memory performance and higher body mass index (BMI) in children. We employed structural-(sMRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a 2-back working memory task to examine brain abnormalities and their associations with BMI and working memory performance in 232 children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and 244 normal weight children (NW) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset. OW/OB had lower working memory accuracy, which was associated with higher BMI. They showed smaller gray matter (GM) volumes in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG_L), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbital frontal cortex, and medial superior frontal gyrus, which were associated with lower working memory accuracy. During the working memory task, OW/OB relative to NW showed weaker activation in the left superior temporal pole, amygdala, insula, and bilateral caudate. In addition, caudate activation mediated the relationship between higher BMI and lower working memory accuracy. Higher BMI is associated with smaller GM volumes and weaker brain activation in regions involved with working memory. Task-related caudate dysfunction may account for lower working memory accuracy in children with higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Weibin Ji
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Fukun Jiang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Feifei Wu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Xiaorong Wei
- Kindergarten affiliated to Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No. 2, Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, No. 2, Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400064, China
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
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Chao AM, Zhou Y, Erus G, Davatzikos C, Cardel MI, Foster GD, Wadden TA. A randomized controlled trial examining the effects of behavioral weight loss treatment on hippocampal volume and neurocognition. Physiol Behav 2023; 267:114228. [PMID: 37156318 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Obesity in midlife is an established risk factor for dementia. In middle-aged adults, elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower neurocognition and smaller hippocampal volumes. It is unclear whether behavioral weight loss (BWL) can improve neurocognition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether BWL, compared to wait list control (WLC), improved hippocampal volume and neurocognition. We also examined if baseline hippocampal volume and neurocognition were associated with weight loss. METHODS We randomly assigned women with obesity (N=61; mean±SD age=41.1±9.9 years; BMI=38.6±6.2 kg/m2; and 50.8% Black) to BWL or WLC. Participants completed assessments at baseline and follow-up including T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scans and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery. RESULTS The BWL group lost 4.7±4.9% of initial body weight at 16 to 25 weeks, which was significantly more than the WLC group which gained 0.2±3.5% (p<0.001). The BWL and WLC groups did not differ significantly in changes in hippocampal volume or neurocognition (ps>0.05). Baseline hippocampal volume and neurocognition scores were not significantly associated with weight loss (ps>0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no overall benefit of BWL relative to WLC on hippocampal volumes or cognition in young- and middle-aged women. Baseline hippocampal volume and neurocognition were not associated with weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M Chao
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guray Erus
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- University of Pennsylvania, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle I Cardel
- WW International, Inc., New York, New York, USA; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gary D Foster
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, USA; WW International, Inc., New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas A Wadden
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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75
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Wu Q, Xia H, Shields GS, Nie H, Li J, Chen H, Yang Y. Neural correlates underlying preference changes induced by food Go/No-Go training. Appetite 2023; 186:106578. [PMID: 37150052 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Consistently not responding to appetitive foods during food go/no-go training could change individuals' food choices and sometimes even body weight, however, fewer studies have explored the neural pathways underlying the effects of food go/no-go training. In this study, we scanned eighty-six female participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging and investigated the neural bases of preference changes in a binary food choice task following action (e.g., go) or inaction (e.g., no-go) toward distinct foods within a food go/no-go training paradigm. In line with prior behavioral work, we found that participants' food preferences changed as a function of food go/no-go training, with participants choosing more "go" over "no-go" foods for consumption following training. At a neural level, preference changes were inversely associated with frontoparietal and salience network activity when choosing go (vs. no-go) foods. Additionally, task-related functional connectivities from the inferior parietal lobule to the pre-supplementary motor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex were related to these preference changes. Together, current work supports that food go/no-go training reliably changes people's preferences. More importantly, our findings suggest that a neural pathway centered on areas traditionally associated with selective attention may interface with prefrontal regions to guide preference changes induced by food go/no-go training, though future studies using other tasks (e.g., passive viewing tasks) are still needed to test this potential neural mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haishuo Xia
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Haoyu Nie
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 400715, China.
| | - Yingkai Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Müller L, Power Guerra N, Schildt A, Lindner T, Stenzel J, Behrangi N, Bergner C, Alberts T, Bühler D, Kurth J, Krause BJ, Janowitz D, Teipel S, Vollmar B, Kuhla A. [ 18F]GE-180-PET and Post Mortem Marker Characteristics of Long-Term High-Fat-Diet-Induced Chronic Neuroinflammation in Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050769. [PMID: 37238638 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by immoderate fat accumulation leading to an elevated risk of neurodegenerative disorders, along with a host of metabolic disturbances. Chronic neuroinflammation is a main factor linking obesity and the propensity for neurodegenerative disorders. To determine the cerebrometabolic effects of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in female mice fed a long-term (24 weeks) high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) compared to a group on a control diet (CD, 20% fat), we used in vivo PET imaging with the radiotracer [18F]FDG as a marker for brain glucose metabolism. In addition, we determined the effects of DIO on cerebral neuroinflammation using translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO)-sensitive PET imaging with [18F]GE-180. Finally, we performed complementary post mortem histological and biochemical analyses of TSPO and further microglial (Iba1, TMEM119) and astroglial (GFAP) markers as well as cerebral expression analyses of cytokines (e.g., Interleukin (IL)-1β). We showed the development of a peripheral DIO phenotype, characterized by increased body weight, visceral fat, free triglycerides and leptin in plasma, as well as increased fasted blood glucose levels. Furthermore, we found obesity-associated hypermetabolic changes in brain glucose metabolism in the HFD group. Our main findings with respect to neuroinflammation were that neither [18F]GE-180 PET nor histological analyses of brain samples seem fit to detect the predicted cerebral inflammation response, despite clear evidence of perturbed brain metabolism along with elevated IL-1β expression. These results could be interpreted as a metabolically activated state in brain-resident immune cells due to a long-term HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Müller
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Power Guerra
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01034 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Schildt
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Lindner
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Stenzel
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Newshan Behrangi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carina Bergner
- Department of Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Teresa Alberts
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Bühler
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Kurth
- Department of Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Joachim Krause
- Department of Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Angela Kuhla
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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Mahmoudieh M, Kalidari B, Sayadi Shahraki M, Mellali H, Mirzaie H, Salamati M. Comparison of the Effects of Special Care Enhanced Recovery and Conventional Recovery Methods after Mini Omega Gastric Bypass. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:99. [PMID: 37288032 PMCID: PMC10241633 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_26_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bariatric surgery is a surgical procedure for patients with extreme obesity. Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) is a method that provides special peri- and post-operation care. Here, we aimed to compare the effects of ERAS and standard recovery cares. Materials and Methods This is a randomized clinical trial that was performed in 2020-2021 in Isfahan on 108 candidates for mini gastric bypass. Patients were then randomly divided into two equal groups receiving ERAS and standard recovery protocols. Patients were examined and visited after one month regarding the average number of hospitalization days, the average days required to return to normal activity or work, occurrence of pulmonary thromboemboli (PTE) and the rate of readmission. Results Patients that received ERAS had significantly lower frequencies of nausea and vomiting (P = 0.032). Patients that received ERAS had significantly lower hospitalization duration (P < 0.001) compared to controls. No other significant differences were observed between two groups regarding surgery complication, re-admission rate and occurrence of PTE (P > 0.99 for all). Conclusion Patients that received ERAS protocol after gastric bypass had significantly lower hospitalization duration and lower incidence of nausea and vomiting. They also had similar post-operative outcomes compared to the standard protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mahmoudieh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Kalidari
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Sayadi Shahraki
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Mellali
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Mirzaie
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Salamati
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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78
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Gundogdu U, Gurer G, Eroglu M. Executive function, behavioral problems, and insulin resistance in adolescents with obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023:jpem-2022-0510. [PMID: 37071665 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined executive function (EF) abilities, behavioral and emotional (BE) issues, and overall quality of life (QoL) of adolescents with obesity and compared them with a control group and also aimed to investigate whether the presence of insulin resistance (IR) is associated with these problems. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a sample of 50 adolescents aged 11-18 years with obesity and age- and gender-matched 50 normal weight adolescents who had attended and were treated at the pediatric outpatient clinic. Sociodemographic data were collected through personal interviews with the adolescents and their parents. Measurements of the height and weight, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels of all adolescents were assessed. In addition, the participants and their parents completed the Kiddo-KINDL, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Behavior Rating Inventory Scale from Executive Function. RESULTS Of the 50 adolescents with obesity, 27 (54.0 %) were girls, and 23 (46.0 %) were boys, with a mean age of 14.06 ± 1.83 years. Adolescents with obesity have more EF deficiencies, BE difficulties, more problems in peer relationships and lower QoL scores than those without obesity. The QoL was worse in girls, adolescents with obesity, and those with IR. Adolescents with obesity and those with and without IR did not differ about EF deficiencies and BE problems. CONCLUSIONS Addressing these EF deficits and BE problems in interventions for adolescents who have difficulty adapting to lifestyle changes, an essential part of obesity treatment in clinical practice, may contribute to treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummugulsum Gundogdu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Guliz Gurer
- Child Health and Disease Department, Balıkesir City Hospital, Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Mehtap Eroglu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hatay Training and Research Hospital, Nigde, Türkiye
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79
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Schmidt R, Wandrer H, Boutelle KN, Kiess W, Hilbert A. Associations between eating in the absence of hunger and executive functions in adolescents with binge-eating disorder: An experimental study. Appetite 2023; 186:106573. [PMID: 37062306 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) is one of the key behavioral features of binge-eating disorder (BED) in youth. Although preliminary evidence revealed that adolescent BED co-occurs with deficits in executive functions (EFs), it is unclear whether EFs are related to EAH. Thus, this study experimentally examined whether deficits in EFs predict EAH in adolescents with and without BED. Adolescents (12-20 years) with BED (n = 28) and age-, sex-, and weight-matched controls (n = 28) underwent an EAH paradigm in the laboratory, where they were offered snacks ad libitum after having established satiety during a lunch meal. Cognitive interference, cognitive flexibility, decision making, and EFs in daily life were assessed by neuropsychological tests and self-report. The BED group showed a significantly higher food intake in gram during the EAH trial than controls with medium effect, but no significant group differences in EFs emerged. Dysfunctional decision making in terms of risky decision making, but no other EFs, predicted increased EAH (g, kcal) in the total sample. Although increases in risky decision making over adolescence are well known, this study uniquely revealed that general decision-making abilities driven by short-term reward may account for disinhibited eating behavior. Interventions targeting decision making with focus on reward sensitivity should be evaluated for their efficacy in preventing and reducing disinhibited eating behavior in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Schmidt
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Henrike Wandrer
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | - Wieland Kiess
- University of Leipzig, LIFE Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig Medical Center, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Pediatric Research, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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80
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Levakov G, Kaplan A, Yaskolka Meir A, Rinott E, Tsaban G, Zelicha H, Blüher M, Ceglarek U, Stumvoll M, Shelef I, Avidan G, Shai I. The effect of weight loss following 18 months of lifestyle intervention on brain age assessed with resting-state functional connectivity. eLife 2023; 12:e83604. [PMID: 37022140 PMCID: PMC10174688 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity negatively impacts multiple bodily systems, including the central nervous system. Retrospective studies that estimated chronological age from neuroimaging have found accelerated brain aging in obesity, but it is unclear how this estimation would be affected by weight loss following a lifestyle intervention. Methods In a sub-study of 102 participants of the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial Polyphenols Unprocessed Study (DIRECT-PLUS) trial, we tested the effect of weight loss following 18 months of lifestyle intervention on predicted brain age based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-assessed resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). We further examined how dynamics in multiple health factors, including anthropometric measurements, blood biomarkers, and fat deposition, can account for changes in brain age. Results To establish our method, we first demonstrated that our model could successfully predict chronological age from RSFC in three cohorts (n=291;358;102). We then found that among the DIRECT-PLUS participants, 1% of body weight loss resulted in an 8.9 months' attenuation of brain age. Attenuation of brain age was significantly associated with improved liver biomarkers, decreased liver fat, and visceral and deep subcutaneous adipose tissues after 18 months of intervention. Finally, we showed that lower consumption of processed food, sweets and beverages were associated with attenuated brain age. Conclusions Successful weight loss following lifestyle intervention might have a beneficial effect on the trajectory of brain aging. Funding The German Research Foundation (DFG), German Research Foundation - project number 209933838 - SFB 1052; B11, Israel Ministry of Health grant 87472511 (to I Shai); Israel Ministry of Science and Technology grant 3-13604 (to I Shai); and the California Walnuts Commission 09933838 SFB 105 (to I Shai).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gidon Levakov
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Alon Kaplan
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Chaim Sheba Medical CenterRamat-GanIsrael
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Ehud Rinott
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Gal Tsaban
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Hila Zelicha
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | | | - Uta Ceglarek
- Department of Medicine, University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Ilan Shelef
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Soroka Medical CenterBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Galia Avidan
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Iris Shai
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
- Department of Medicine, University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
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Hartmann H, Janssen LK, Herzog N, Morys F, Fängström D, Fallon SJ, Horstmann A. Self-reported intake of high-fat and high-sugar diet is not associated with cognitive stability and flexibility in healthy men. Appetite 2023; 183:106477. [PMID: 36764221 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies indicate that a high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFS) can change dopamine signal transmission in the brain, which could promote maladaptive behavior and decision-making. Such diet-induced changes may also explain observed alterations in the dopamine system in human obesity. Genetic variants that modulate dopamine transmission have been proposed to render some individuals more prone to potential effects of HFS. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of HFS with dopamine-dependent cognition in humans and how genetic variations might modulate this potential association. Using a questionnaire assessing the self-reported consumption of high-fat/high-sugar foods, we investigated the association with diet by recruiting healthy young men that fall into the lower or upper end of that questionnaire (low fat/sugar group: LFS, n = 45; high fat/sugar group: HFS, n = 41) and explored the interaction of fat and sugar consumption with COMT Val158Met and Taq1A genotype. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning, male participants performed a working memory (WM) task that probes distractor-resistance and updating of WM representations. Logistic and linear regression models revealed no significant difference in WM performance between the two diet groups, nor an interaction with COMT Val158Met or Taq1A genotype. Neural activation in task-related brain areas also did not differ between diet groups. Independent of diet group, higher BMI was associated with lower overall accuracy on the WM task. This cross-sectional study does not provide evidence for diet-related differences in WM stability and flexibility in men, nor for a predisposition of COMT Val158Met or Taq1A genotype to the hypothesized detrimental effects of an HFS diet. Previously reported associations of BMI with WM seem to be independent of HFS intake in our male study sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Hartmann
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Lieneke K Janssen
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Herzog
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Filip Morys
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Fängström
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Annette Horstmann
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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82
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Chou CC, Kao SC, Pan CC, McCullick B, Fu HL, Wang CH. Cognitively engaging movement games improve interference control and academic performance in overweight children: A randomized control trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:521-534. [PMID: 36334308 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the (a) dose-response effects of cognitively engaging movement games (CEMGs) designed to improve aerobic capacity, interference control (IC), and academic performance, (b) relationship between intervention-induced improvements in aerobic capacity, IC, and academic performance, and (c) moderation effect of IC on the relationship between aerobic capacity and academic performance in overweight children. Seventy-five overweight children (aged 11.23 ± 0.60 years; 48% males) participated in this study conducted in Taipei during the 2018/2019 academic year and were randomly assigned to the low-dose (20-min) intervention, high-dose (40-min) intervention, and control groups and completed a Stroop test, half-mile run, and language and mathematics tests before and after a 10-week afterschool program. Both intervention groups showed similar improvements in outcomes of aerobic capacity (ds > 0.80), IC (ds > 0.76), and academic performance (ds > 0.90) from the pretest to posttest, whereas these outcomes were unchanged for the control group. Furthermore, improved IC moderated the association between improvements in aerobic capacity and academic performance. Our findings suggest that CEMG with varying doses is feasible and effective for improving aerobic capacity, IC, and academic performance in overweight children and that the association between improvements in aerobic capacity and academic performance depends on the intervention effects on IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chou
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Health & Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Cheng-Chen Pan
- Special Education Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bryan McCullick
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hao-Lun Fu
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Wang
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Physical Education, Health & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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83
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Solis-Urra P, Esteban-Cornejo I, Mora-Gonzalez J, Stillman C, Contreras-Rodriguez O, Erickson KI, Catena A, Ortega FB. Early life factors and hippocampal functional connectivity in children with overweight/obesity. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e12998. [PMID: 36573637 PMCID: PMC11225616 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association of anthropometric neonatal data (birth length and birth weight) and breastfeeding practices (exclusive and any breastfeeding) with hippocampal functional connectivity and its academic implication in children with overweight/obesity. METHODS Ninety six children with overweight/obesity aged 8-11 years (10.01 ± 1.14), from the ActiveBrains project were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric neonatal data were collected from birth records, whereas breastfeeding practices were reported by parents. A 3.0 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Tim Trio system was used to acquire T1-weighted and resting-state functional magnetic resonance images. Academic performance was assessed by the Woodcock-Muñoz standardized test. Hippocampal seed-based methods with post-hoc regression analyses were performed. Analyses were considered significant when surpassing Family-Wise Error corrections. RESULTS Birth weight showed a positive association with the connectivity between the hippocampus and the pre- and postcentral gyri, and the cerebellum. In addition, breastfeeding was negatively associated with the connectivity between the hippocampus and the primary motor cortex and the angular gyrus. Any breastfeeding, in turn, showed a positive association with the connectivity between the hippocampus and the middle temporal gyrus. None of the connectivity outcomes related to early life factors was coupled with better academic abilities (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that birth weight at birth and breastfeeding are associated with hippocampal connectivity in children with overweight/obesity. Despite this, how the results relate to academic performance remains a matter of speculation. Our findings suggest that clinicians should recognize the importance early life factors for potentially avoiding consequences on offspring's brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Solis-Urra
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Services, “Virgen de Las Nieves”, University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Chelsea Stillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodriguez
- Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), and CIBERSAM, Girona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Andrés Catena
- School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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84
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Soares PSM, Leão OADA, Dias MDS, Wehrmeister FC, Menezes AMB, Gonçalves H. Effect of Adolescent Body Mass Index Trajectories on Working Memory: A Prospective Birth Cohort in Brazil. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:521-529. [PMID: 36779539 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231153973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Most research on the association between high body mass index (BMI) and working memory (WM) has been cross-sectional in design, limiting conclusions about long-term effects of overweight and obesity on WM. The aim of this study was to examine the association of BMI trajectory from 11 to 22 years with WM at 22 years of age. Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study were analyzed (N = 3,010). Information on BMI was collected at ages 11, 15, 18, and 22 years. Group-based trajectory modeling was used separately for each sex to identify BMI trajectories. Working Memory performance (Digit Span backward score) was examined at age 22. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between BMI trajectory from 11 to 22 years and WM at age 22. In both sexes, the trajectory groups were: stable normal weight, stable overweight, and stable obesity. In the adjusted analyses, women in the stable-obesity group had lower WM at 22 years (β = -.49; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.23; p < .001) than those in the stable-normal weight group. No associations were found between BMI trajectories and WM in men. This study may contribute to future investigations of possible explanatory avenues for the association between high BMI and WM.
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85
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Johnson KA, Petrie MA, Shields RK. Biomarkers for rapid H-reflex operant conditioning among females. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:685-699. [PMID: 36791051 PMCID: PMC10010925 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00188.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Operant conditioning of a spinal monosynaptic pathway using the Hoffman reflex (H-reflex) is well established in animal and human studies. There is a subset within the human population (∼20% nonresponders) who are unable to up train this pathway suggesting some distinct or unique identifying characteristics. Importantly, females, who have a nine times higher rate of injury during human performance activities than men, have been understudied in areas of CNS neuroplasticity. Our long-term goal is to understand if innate ability to rapidly up train the H-reflex is predictive of future performance-based injury among females. In this study, we primarily determined whether healthy, young females could rapidly increase the H-reflex within a single session of operant conditioning and secondarily determined if electro-physiological, humoral, cognitive, anthropometric, or anxiety biomarkers distinguished the responders from nonresponders. Eighteen females (mean age: 24) participated in the study. Overall, females showed a group main effect for up training the H-reflex (P < 0.05). Of the cohort, 10 of 18 females met the criteria for up training the H-reflex (responders). The responders showed lower levels of estradiol (P < 0.05). A multivariate stepwise regression model supported that extracellular to intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW) and H-max/M-max ratio explained 60% of the variation in up training among females. These findings support that females can acutely upregulate the H-reflex with training and that electro-physiological and hormonal factors may be associated with the up training.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Young females who acutely increase their H-reflexes with operant conditioning had lower levels of estradiol. However, the best predictors of those who could up-train the H-reflex were baseline H-reflex excitability (H-max/M-max) and extracellular to intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW). Future studies are warranted to understand the complex relationship between operant conditioning, human performance, and injury among active young females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Johnson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Michael A Petrie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Richard K Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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86
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Ballestero-Arnau M, Rodríguez-Herreros B, Nuño-Bermúdez N, Cunillera T. Sporadic fasting reduces attentional control without altering overall executive function in a binary classification task. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114065. [PMID: 36549561 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diets with intermittent fasting are an efficient method for producing clinically significant weight loss and preventing the development of obesity. However, individuals following intermittent fasting must face the difficulty of avoiding eating when experiencing the feeling of hunger. In this study, we investigated which aspects of executive function were affected following a prolonged period of food deprivation in participants that have never previously undergone intermittent fasting. Twenty-six participants with normal weight performed two binary classification tasks (Stop Signal (SST) and Go/NoGo) after either a 12 h fasting or a nonfasting period in separate sessions. We measured their performance in several underlying decision-making processes, such as response inhibition and attentional control. In line with previous studies, our results revealed that decision-making processes to resolve the classification task were unaffected by fasting. Response inhibition, as indexed by the stop signal reaction time in the SST, remained as well unaltered after food deprivation. Rather, we observed a higher error rate in NoGo trials following a fasting period, which was associated with disrupted attentional control. Overall, these results indicate that when a hunger feeling reaches consciousness, it induces deficits over certain aspects of attentional control. Our findings hint at the importance of structured behavioral change strategies to cope with fasting-induced difficulties in attentional control, to help achieve weight management goals through successful self-monitoring of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ballestero-Arnau
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology. Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona; Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171; 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Rodríguez-Herreros
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Nuño-Bermúdez
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology. Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona; Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171; 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Cunillera
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology. Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona; Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171; 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gender related results in total knee arthroplasty: a 15-year evaluation of the Italian population. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:1185-1192. [PMID: 34665302 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-04222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to estimate separately in women and men the number of Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures performed in Italy from 2001 to 2016, exploring specific gender-related characteristics and trends. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of this study were collected from the National Hospital Discharge Reports (NHDR) reported at the Italian Ministry of Health in the years between 2001 and 2016. The information included in this archive are the patient's sex, age, the year when the surgical procedure was performed and the length of the hospitalization. RESULTS Between the years 2001 and 2016, a total of 848,863 TKAs have been performed in Italy. TKAs in women passed from 20,719 in 2001 to 49,320 in 2016 showing an increase of 138%, while TKAs in men passed from 6631 in 2001 to 23,601 in 2016 showing an increase of 256%. From the age of 50 onwards, there was a prevalence of procedures in women, from 63.2% in the 50-54 group to 85.7% in the 100 + group. Conversely, under the age of 50, there was a higher percentage of surgeries performed in males, 57.1% on a total of 16,434 TKA surgeries carried out in this age group. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that TKA is growing and heavily affecting the female population (70.6% of all TKAs) between 2001 and 2016. However, under 50 years old there was a higher percentage of surgeries performed in males (57.1%). The average number of days of hospitalization in females was higher than in males.
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88
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Yang Y, Morys F, Wu Q, Li J, Chen H. Pilot study of food-specific go/no-go training for overweight individuals: brain imaging data suggest inhibition shapes food evaluation. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6464693. [PMID: 34918164 PMCID: PMC10074770 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-specific go/no-go training might reduce overeating and facilitate weight loss. In this pilot study, we examined whether a food-specific go/no-go training over five weeks, as compared to a non-food-specific training, could produce changes in behavioral and neural responses to food images and body weight. Here, we used a sample of 51 overweight participants divided into training and control groups whose brain activity and food evaluation were measured before and after the training. Compared with the control group, in the training group we found significant reductions in high-calorie food evaluation. We also found lower activations in inhibitory control- and reward-related brain regions in response to high-calorie food images. Further, activation change of the mid-insula in response to the high-calorie food images was positively associated with change in the evaluation of those images. However, we found no evidence for a significant effect of food-specific go/no-go training on body weight change. Our findings highlight that food-specific go/no-go training in overweight individuals can reduce high-calorie food evaluation, but also neural activations in inhibitory control- and reward- related brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Filip Morys
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Qian Wu
- The Lab of Mental Health and Social Adaptation, Faculty of Psychology, Research Center of Mental Health Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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89
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Schroeder PA, Mayer K, Wirth R, Svaldi J. Playing with temptation: Stopping abilities to chocolate are superior, but also more extensive. Appetite 2023; 181:106383. [PMID: 36427565 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cue-specific inhibitory control is assumed to support balanced food intake, but previous studies with established measures showed inconsistent results. We developed a novel kinematic stop task in virtual reality (VR) and report results from trajectory recordings. The primary objective of this explorative study was to assess the interrelationships between validated measures of food-related inhibitory control and novel measures from the VR task. We hypothesized that healthy female participants show worse inhibitory control when grasping attractive virtual chocolate, compared to non-edible color-and-shape matched objects. We further aimed to quantify the construct validity of kinematic measures (e.g., reaching extent/spatial displacement, movement time after stop-signal, velocity) with established measures of inhibitory control in a keyboard-based adaptive stop-signal task (SST). In total, 79 females with varying levels of chocolate craving participated in an experimental study consisting of self-report questionnaires, subjective chocolate craving, the conventional SST and the kinematic task in VR. Results showed superior stopping ability to chocolate in both tasks. In VR, participants successfully interrupted an initiated approach trajectory but terminated slightly closer to chocolate targets. Stop-signal delay (SSD) was adapted relative to movement onset and appeared later in chocolate trials, during which participants still stopped faster, as was also confirmed by shorter stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) in the conventional task. Yet, SSRT did not correlate with stopping in VR. Moreover, SSRT was related to depressive symptoms whereas measures from VR were related to chocolate craving and subjective hunger. Thus, VR stopping can provide deeper insights into healthy weight individuals' capacity to inhibit cue-specific approach behavior towards appetitive stimuli in simulated interactions. Furthermore, the results support a multi-faceted view of food-specific inhibitory control and behavioral impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Schroeder
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Katja Mayer
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Wirth
- Department of Psychology III, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Svaldi
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Nascimento MDM, Kliegel M, Silva PST, Rios PMB, Nascimento LDS, Silva CN, Ihle A. The Association of Obesity and Overweight with Executive Functions in Community-Dwelling Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2440. [PMID: 36767806 PMCID: PMC9915331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Among the risk factors reported for cognitive decline, the literature highlights changes in body composition. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between obesity/overweight and executive functions in cognitively normal older adult women. This cross-sectional study included 224 individuals (60-80 years), stratified into normal weight (n = 45), overweight (n = 98), and obesity (n = 81). As outcomes, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and Trail Making Test Parts A and B were assessed. We found positive correlations of BMI and WC with completion times of TMT-A and TMT-B, and a negative correlation of BMI and WC with education. ANCOVA showed an association between higher BMI and slower completion time of TMT-A, TMT-B, and ΔTMT (B-A). Impairment of executive functions of cognitively normal older women may be positively associated with obesity and negatively associated with years of education. The findings may contribute to designing strategies that make it possible to prevent cognitive decline in women during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Maio Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paloma Sthefane Teles Silva
- Multiprofessional Residence, Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | | | - Lara dos Santos Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | | | - Andreas Ihle
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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91
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Kirsten H, Dechant M, Gibbons H, Friehs MA. Tasting inhibition: A proof-of-concept study of the food stop-signal game. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 279:57-80. [PMID: 37661163 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-Control is an important skill in everyday life when attention is automatically drawn toward certain stimuli. For instance, food stimuli automatically capture visual attention and are processed preferentially. Therefore, efficient response inhibition is crucial to refrain from careless overeating. In the present proof-of-concept study we use a novel adaptation of a previously evaluated Stop-Signal Game (SSG) to measure reactive, food-specific, response inhibition in healthy adults. We analyzed a sample of 83 participants (60 female, mean age=24.1, mean BMI=21.71kg/m2) split into three groups. In a gamified stop-signal task, participants navigated an avatar in an urban environment toward high-calorie food, low-calorie food, or non-food stimuli in go-trials and were asked to inhibit the approach reaction in stop-trials. Hunger, eating styles, food craving, and impulsivity were assessed via self-reports to investigate their relationship with (food-specific) response inhibition. Results showed that response inhibition (in terms of stop-signal reaction time, SSRT) did not differ between the high-calorie, low-calorie, and non-food SSG which might be explained by characteristics of the sample. However, impulsivity was positively correlated with SSRT in the low-calorie SSG, whereas food-craving and hunger were positively related to response inhibition in the high-calorie SSG. Future studies could build upon the food SSG to measure and train food-specific response inhibition in the treatment of overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kirsten
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Martin Dechant
- ZEISS Vision Science Lab, Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany; UCLIC, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maximilian Achim Friehs
- School of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Law, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Lise-Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Psychology of Conflict, Risk, and Safety, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.
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92
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Chew HSJ, Lim SL, Kim G, Kayambu G, So BYJ, Shabbir A, Gao Y. Essential elements of weight loss apps for a multi-ethnic population with high BMI: a qualitative study with practical recommendations. Transl Behav Med 2023; 13:140-148. [PMID: 36689306 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Smartphone weight loss apps are constantly being developed but the essential elements needed by a multi-ethnic population with overweight and obesity remains unclear. Purpose: To explore the perceptions of an Asian multi-ethnic population with overweight and obesity on the essential elements of weight loss apps. Twenty two participants were purposively sampled from a specialist weight management clinic in Singapore from 13 April to 30 April 2021. Recorded interviews were conducted using face-to-face and videoconferencing modalities. Data saturation was reached at the 18th participant. Data analysis was performed using inductive content analysis with constant comparison between and within transcripts. Findings: Three themes and eight subthemes on the essential app components emerged-(a) comprehensive and flexible calorie counters; (b) holistic, gradual and individualized behavior change recommendations tailored for people with overweight and obesity, and (c) just-in-time reminders of future consequences. There was a need to incorporate flexible options for food logging; break down general recommendations into small steps towards sustainable changes; tailor app contents for people with overweight and obesity; and evoke one's considerations of future consequences. Future weight loss apps should be designed to meet the needs of those with overweight and obesity, the very population that needs assistance with weight loss. Future apps could consider leveraging the capacity of artificial intelligence to provide personalized weight management in terms of sustaining self-regulation behaviors, optimizing goal-setting and providing personalized and timely recommendations for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shi Jocelyn Chew
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Su Lin Lim
- Dietetics Department, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Guowei Kim
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Geetha Kayambu
- Rehabilitation Department, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Bok Yan Jimmy So
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Asim Shabbir
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Yujia Gao
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119074, Singapore
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93
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Changes in Cognition and Brain Function After 26 Weeks of Progressive Resistance Training in Older Adults at Risk for Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Diabetes 2023; 47:250-256. [PMID: 36858923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes is associated with deficits in cognition and brain health. Individuals with at least 1 risk factor for diabetes (i.e. obesity, prediabetes) already experience some neurocognitive impairment and are at risk for further decline. One way to combat these deficits is through exercise, but its is unknown whether resistance exercise can improve these functions in this at-risk group. METHODS This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants were 60 to 80 years of age and had prediabetes (fasting capillary glucose 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L) and/or were overweight or obese (body mass index ≥25). Participants completed resistance training or balance and stretching exercise (control) thrice weekly for 6 months. Neuropsychological tests were used to assess cognitive ability, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine brain activation patterns. RESULTS Resistance training led to improvements in task-switching, attention and conflict resolution, as well as improved patterns of brain activation that may mimic healthy older adults. CONCLUSIONS Resistance exercise may serve as an effective behavioural strategy to improve neurocognition in older adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. A large-scale powered trial is needed to further explore these findings.
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94
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Catania J, Spirou D, Gascoigne M, Raman J. Loss of control as a transdiagnostic feature in obesity-related eating behaviours: A systematic review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2023; 31:24-45. [PMID: 35801968 PMCID: PMC10084033 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence suggests that loss of control (LOC) may present as a common feature across disordered eating behaviours. However, there has been limited research on the transdiagnostic nature of LOC in this area. The primary aim of this study was to systematically review disordered eating behaviours and measures of LOC in clinical and non-clinical populations. METHOD Electronic searches of the relevant databases were conducted. Selected articles were screened for eligibility and assessed for methodological quality. RESULTS Thirty-four studies met inclusion criteria. Findings demonstrated that LOC was associated with disordered eating behaviours across bariatric populations, eating disorder populations, and community populations. Specifically, LOC was associated with binge eating (subjective and objective episodes), grazing, night eating, and emotional or stress eating. Findings also revealed that LOC was inconsistently operationalised across studies, with varied approaches to measuring the construct. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings from this review provide support for LOC as a transdiagnostic feature of disordered eating behaviours. Future studies should utilise robust multi-method assessments to measure the severity of LOC, which may provide greater insight into how LOC manifests across different eating disorder presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Catania
- Australian College of Applied Professions, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dean Spirou
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Gascoigne
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jayanthi Raman
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Realyvásquez-Vargas A, García-Alcaraz JL, Arredondo-Soto KC, Hernández-Escobedo G, Báez-López YA. Effects of mental workload on manufacturing systems employees: A mediation causal model. Work 2023; 76:323-341. [PMID: 36847054 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some research has been done in the Mexican manufacturing industry regarding mental workload, none has explored its association with physical fatigue, body weight gain, and human error simultaneously. OBJECTIVE This research examines the association between mental workload and physical fatigue, body weight gain, and human error in employees from the Mexican manufacturing systems through a mediation analysis approach. METHODS A survey named Mental Workload Questionnaire was developed by merging the NASA-TLX with a questionnaire containing the mental workload variables mentioned above. The Mental Workload Questionnaire was applied to 167 participants in 63 manufacturing companies. In addition, the mental workload was used as an independent variable, while physical fatigue and body weight gain were mediator variables, and human error was a dependent variable. Six hypotheses were used to measure the relationships among variables and tested using the ordinary least squares regression algorithm. RESULTS Findings indicated that mental workload significantly correlates with physical fatigue and human error. Also, the mental workload had a significant total association with human error. The highest direct association with body weight gain was provided by physical fatigue, and body weight gain had an insignificant direct association with human error. Finally, all indirect associations were insignificant. CONCLUSION Mental workload directly affects human error, which physical fatigue does not; however, it does affect body weight gain. Managers should reduce their employees' mental workload and physical fatigue to avoid further problems associated with their health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
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Effects of Peripheral Neural Blocks in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Pilot Study on Cognitive Functions in Severe Obese Patients. Obes Surg 2023; 33:129-138. [PMID: 36334250 PMCID: PMC9834365 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to the analgesic effect, peripheral neural blocks also prevent cognitive impairment and peripheral inflammation induced by surgery. However, it is unknown if there is collateral impact on cognitive improvement after bariatric surgery. METHODS In this pilot study, 75 patients with severe obesity for selective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) were recruited and randomized into three groups (1:1:1) as general anesthesia (GA) group, transverse abdominis plane block (TAPB) group, and quadratus lumborum block (QLB) group. Bilateral TAPB or QLB was performed (0.33% ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg) before the standardized general anesthesia. Cognitive test battery was completed before LSG and in 1-month and 3-month follow-up. The levels of peripheral inflammatory cytokines were determined at equivalent time points. RESULTS Patients with LSG exhibited massive cognitive improvement in postoperative 3 month without or with TAPB or QLB (Ptime < 0.001). Compared to GA, QLB significantly strengthened performance in MoCA (β = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.08, 1.05). IL-6, IL-8, and high-sensitivity CRP significantly verified among three groups. Changes in IL-6 within postoperative 3 months were negatively correlated with MMSE and MoCA, and positively correlated with AVLT-DR for QLB group. Similar correlation was found in the GA group for changes in IL-6 and AVLT-IR. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ideally improved memory and attention as early as postoperative 1 month. QLB promoted cognitive improvement in MoCA, which was negatively correlated with changes in IL-6. More precise trials are needed to determine the overall effect of peripheral neural block on cognition following bariatric surgery.
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97
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KULACAOĞLU F, ÜNVER H, YILDIRIM YE, ERZİN G. Relationship between theory of mind and metabolic parameters and functioning in patients with bipolar I disorder. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1179024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to investigate the relationship theory of mind abilities with functionality and metabolic alteration in patients with bipolar disorder-1 (BD-1) during the remission period.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study is consisted of 68 patients with bipolar disorder-1 and 45 healthy controls. Sociodemographic form, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire (BDFQ) were administered to the participants. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) levels were recorded.
Results: There were significant differences between the patient group and healthy control group in terms of WC, BMI, HDL, LDL, TG. The results of independent samples t-test indicated a statistically significant difference in RMET score between the two groups with control group significantly higher than patient group.
Conclusion: Patients with BD-1 during the remission period have lower performance on theory of mind abilities and more alteration in metabolic parameters than healthy controls. Metabolic alteration and theory of mind impairment should be potential treatment target for BD
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz KULACAOĞLU
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, İSTANBUL BAKIRKÖY PROF. DR. MAZHAR OSMAN APPLICATION AND RESEARCH CENTER FOR PSYCHIATRIC AND NERVE DISEASES
| | | | | | - Gamze ERZİN
- SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ANKARA DIŞKAPI YILDIRIM BEYAZIT SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, RUH SAĞLIĞI VE HASTALIKLARI ANABİLİM DALI
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98
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Mindful eating for weight loss in women with obesity: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36529854 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mindful eating (ME) has been linked to improvement in binge eating disorder, but this approach in obesity management has shown conflicting results. Our aim was to assess the effect of ME associated with moderate energy restriction (MER) on weight loss in women with obesity. Metabolic parameters, dietary assessment, eating behaviour, depression, anxiety and stress were also evaluated. A total of 138 women with obesity were randomly assigned to three intervention groups: ME associated with MER (ME + MER), MER and ME, and they were followed up monthly for 6 months. ME + MER joined seven monthly mindfulness-based intervention group sessions each lasting 90 min and received an individualised food plan with MER (deficit of 2092 kJ/d - 500 kcal/d). MER received an individualised food plan with MER (deficit of 2092 kJ/d - 500 kcal/d), and ME joined seven monthly mindfulness-based intervention group sessions each lasting 90 min. Seventy patients completed the intervention. Weight loss was significant, but no statistically significant difference was found between the groups. There was a greater reduction in uncontrolled eating in the ME group than in the MER group and a greater reduction in emotional eating in the ME group than in both the MER and the ME + MER groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the other variables evaluated between groups. The association between ME with energy restriction did not promote greater weight loss than ME or MER.
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Ramírez V, González-Palacios P, Baca MA, González-Domenech PJ, Fernández-Cabezas M, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Rodrigo L, Rivas A. Effect of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in obesity and neurodevelopment: The genetic and microbiota link. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158219. [PMID: 36007653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence highlights the importance of the genetic component in obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID)), given that these diseases have reported an elevated heritability. Additionally, environmental stressors, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been classified as obesogens, neuroendocrine disruptors, and microbiota disrupting chemicals (MDCs). For this reason, the importance of this work lies in examining two possible biological mechanistic pathways linking obesity and neurodevelopmental/behavioural disorders: EDCs - gene and EDCs - microbiota interactions. First, we summarise the shared mechanisms of action of EDCs and the common genetic profile in the bidirectional link between obesity and neurodevelopment. In relation to interaction models, evidence from the reviewed studies reveals significant interactions between pesticides/heavy metals and gene polymorphisms of detoxifying and neurotransmission systems and metal homeostasis on cognitive development, ASD and ADHD symptomatology. Nonetheless, available literature about obesity is quite limited. Importantly, EDCs have been found to induce gut microbiota changes through gut-brain-microbiota axis conferring susceptibility to obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders. In view of the lack of studies assessing the impact of EDCs - gene interactions and EDCs - mediated dysbiosis jointly in obesity and neurodevelopment, we support considering genetics, EDCs exposure, and microbiota as interactive factors rather than individual contributors to the risk for developing obesity and neurodevelopmental disabilities at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Ramírez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government PTS Granada - Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia González-Palacios
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | | | | | - María Fernández-Cabezas
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - María Jesús Álvarez-Cubero
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government PTS Granada - Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
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Xiang H, Yang R, Tu J, Guan X, Tao X. Health Impacts of High BMI in China: Terrible Present and Future. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192316173. [PMID: 36498245 PMCID: PMC9739093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Temporal trends and future expectations of health effects due to high body mass index (BMI) remain uncertain in China. The trends of high-BMI-related death in China were evaluated and predicted until 2040 using data and methods from the Global Burden of Disease study. The absolute numbers and age-standardized rates of death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were also calculated by age, gender, and cause. From 1990 to 2019, the high-BMI-related death percent, number and rate were all significantly increased in China, and death rate may exceed that globally in the next 10 years. High BMI caused more deaths and DALYs for men than for women, and the gap appeared to increase over time. In 2019, the burden of high BMI among ages 0−14 and 15−19 for children and adolescents were lower than that among adults (>20 years). The most common cause of death associated with high BMI was stroke, followed by ischemic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease. High BMI burden is a significant public health challenges in China. BMI surveillance and evaluation of evidence-based preventive strategies should be immediately initiated in Chinese residents due to the rapid increase in the burden of high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Runjuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Jiaxin Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xi Guan
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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