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Ederer DJ, Lee SH, Belay B, Boutelle K, Park S. Associations between comfort eating and weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. adults. HUMAN NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2023; 33:10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200212. [PMID: 38618183 PMCID: PMC11010443 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Objective To examine associations between comfort eating in response to loneliness or stress and weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. adults. Design Quantitative, cross-sectional study. Setting The 2021 SummerStyles survey data. Subjects U.S. adults (≥18 years; N = 4068). Measures The outcome was reported weight changes since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic with four responses: lost weight, weight remained the same, gained weight, and don't know. The exposure variable was frequency of comfort eating in response to loneliness or stress during the past year with three responses: never/ rarely, sometimes, or often/always. Analysis We used chi-square analysis to examine the independence of survey variables related to weight changes, and comfort eating in response to loneliness or stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, we used a multinomial logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios for weight changes by comfort eating in response to loneliness or stress frequency. Results Overall, 20.1% of adults reported losing weight, 39.9% remained about the same weight, 30.4% gained weight, and 9.4% did not know about their weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking comfort by eating in response to loneliness or stress was reported by over 33% of participants (often/always = 8.3%; sometimes = 25.3%). Weight change and comfort eating during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly varied by sociodemographic factors. Respondents that sometimes or often/always reported taking comfort by eating in response to loneliness or stress were more likely to report losing weight (Adjusted Odds Ratio ranges: 1.62-2.99) or gaining weight (Adjusted Odds Ratio ranges: 3.10-4.61) than those who never/rarely took comfort by eating in response to loneliness or stress. Conclusions Taking comfort by eating when stressed/lonely was significantly associated with reported weight changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Weight changes may lead to additional health complications. Implementing evidence-based strategies to reduce loneliness or stress and support healthy eating during the COVID-19 pandemic may benefit weight management and future well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Ederer
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, USA
| | - Seung Hee Lee
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Brook Belay
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Kerri Boutelle
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sohyun Park
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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Lenart-Lipińska M, Łuniewski M, Szydełko J, Matyjaszek-Matuszek B. Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Male Obesity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5354. [PMID: 37629396 PMCID: PMC10455727 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, a disorder linked to numerous comorbidities and metabolic complications, has recently increased dramatically worldwide and is highly prevalent in men, even at a young age. Compared to female patients, men with obesity more frequently have delayed diagnosis, higher severity of obesity, increased mortality rate, and only a minority of obese male patients are successfully treated, including with bariatric surgery. The aim of this review was to present the current state of knowledge about the clinical and therapeutic implications of obesity diagnosed in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lenart-Lipińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.Ł.); (J.S.); (B.M.-M.)
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Park SE, So WY, Kang YS, Yang JH. Relationship between Perceived Stress, Obesity, and Hypertension in Korean Adults and Older Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2271. [PMID: 37628469 PMCID: PMC10454312 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived stress has a significant effect on metabolic diseases, including obesity and hypertension. However, the association between stress levels, obesity, and hypertension according to age and sex is not fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between stress levels and obesity and hypertension in Korean adults and older adults. METHODS We analyzed data from the 2015 survey of the Korea National Physical Fitness Project conducted by the Korea Institute of Sports Science and the Korea Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism. Of the 3457 participants, 2829 were adults (20-64 years old) and 628 were older adults (≥65 years old). The correlation between obesity and hypertension according to the degree of perceived stress (low, medium, and high) was analyzed using the chi-square test. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of perceived stress levels on obesity and hypertension. Age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, exercise frequency, smoking, breakfast, and sleeping hours were included as covariates. RESULTS In adult males, perceived stress levels, age, and diastolic blood pressure were found to have a significant impact on obesity rates, whereas age and breakfast had a significant effect on hypertension rates. In adult females, age and systolic blood pressure were found to significantly influence obesity rates, whereas age, BMI, and exercise frequency had a significant impact on hypertension rates. In older adult females, perceived stress levels and systolic blood pressure were found to significantly impact obesity rates, and sleep duration influenced the rates of hypertension. The effect of perceived stress level on obesity and hypertension rates was less pronounced in the elderly population than in the adult population. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed age and sex differences in the relationship between perceived stress, obesity, and hypertension among Koreans. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex relationship between perceived stress and metabolic disorders and emphasize the need for a deeper understanding of the specific factors involved in the prevention and management of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Park
- Department of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul 01794, Republic of Korea;
| | - Wi-Young So
- Sport Medicine Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yun-Sun Kang
- Department of Physical Education, Graduate School of Education, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
- Goyang Dance Company, Professional Arts Organization, Goyang-si 10417, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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West CE, Sato AF. Weight and disordered eating among adolescents from low-income backgrounds. Eat Behav 2023; 50:101768. [PMID: 37390518 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Disordered eating affects youth from varying socioeconomic backgrounds; however, representation of youth from low-income backgrounds within disordered eating research has been limited. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between adolescent weight and disordered eating among a sample of youth from a low-income background and to examine specific socioenvironmental factors that might moderate this association. Adolescents ages 12-17 (N = 73) from a low-income background and their parents/guardians completed self-report questionnaires. Adolescent height and weight were objectively measured to calculate BMI z-score. Adolescent weight was significantly positively associated with global disordered eating (95 % CI [0.26, 0.54]), after controlling for sex. Parental weight concern moderated the association between weight and global disordered eating, F(4, 68) = 18.44, p < .01, such that the relation between adolescent zBMI and disordered eating was no longer significant at low levels of parental weight concern. Structured family meals moderated the association between weight and global disordered eating, F(4, 68) = 11.99, p < .01, such that more frequent meals weakened the association between adolescent zBMI and disordered eating. Findings suggest that higher weight is associated with greater levels of disordered eating among adolescents from a low-income background. In addition, lower levels of parental weight concern and more frequent family meals significantly buffered the association between weight and disordered eating in this at-risk, yet understudied population. Both parental weight concern and family meals present as factors within the family environment that may serve as targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E West
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America.
| | - Amy F Sato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America; Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
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Giddens E, Noy B, Steward T, Verdejo-García A. The influence of stress on the neural underpinnings of disinhibited eating: a systematic review and future directions for research. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:713-734. [PMID: 37310550 PMCID: PMC10404573 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Disinhibited eating involves overconsumption and loss of control over food intake, and underpins many health conditions, including obesity and binge-eating related disorders. Stress has been implicated in the development and maintenance of disinhibited eating behaviours, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. In this systematic review, we examined how the impact of stress on the neurobiological substrates of food-related reward sensitivity, interoception and cognitive control explains its role in disinhibited eating behaviours. We synthesised the findings of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies including acute and/or chronic stress exposures in participants with disinhibited eating. A systematic search of existing literature conducted in alignment with the PRISMA guidelines identified seven studies investigating neural impacts of stress in people with disinhibited eating. Five studies used food-cue reactivity tasks, one study used a social evaluation task, and one used an instrumental learning task to probe reward, interoception and control circuitry. Acute stress was associated with deactivation of regions in the prefrontal cortex implicated in cognitive control and the hippocampus. However, there were mixed findings regarding differences in reward-related circuitry. In the study using a social task, acute stress associated with deactivation of prefrontal cognitive control regions in response to negative social evaluation. In contrast, chronic stress was associated with both deactivation of reward and prefrontal regions when viewing palatable food-cues. Given the small number of identified publications and notable heterogeneity in study designs, we propose several recommendations to strengthen future research in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Giddens
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Brittany Noy
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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Fowler N, Mikhail ME, Neale M, Keel PK, Katzman DK, Sisk CL, Burt SA, Klump KL. Between- and within-person effects of stress on emotional eating in women: a longitudinal study over 49 days. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5167-5176. [PMID: 37650340 PMCID: PMC10471857 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is associated with binge eating and emotional eating (EE) cross-sectionally. However, few studies have examined stress longitudinally, limiting understanding of how within-person fluctuations in stress influence EE over time and whether stress is a risk factor or consequence of EE. Additionally, little is known regarding how the biological stress response relates to EE. METHODS We used an intensive, longitudinal design to examine between-person and within-person effects of major life stress, daily stress, and cortisol on EE in a population-based sample of women (N = 477; ages 15-30; M = 21.8; s.d. = 3.0) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Participants reported past year major life stress, then provided daily ratings of EE and stress for 49 consecutive days. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was collected as a longitudinal biological stress measure. RESULTS Women reported greater EE when they experienced greater mean stress across days (between-person effects) or greater stress relative to their own average on a given day (within-person effects). Daily stress was more strongly associated with EE than major life stress. However, the impact of daily stress on EE was amplified in women with greater past year major life stress. Finally, participants with lower HCC had increased EE. CONCLUSIONS Findings confirm longitudinal associations between stress and EE in women, and highlight the importance of within-person shifts in stress in EE risk. Results also highlight HCC as a novel biological stress measure that is significantly associated with EE and may overcome limitations of prior physiological stress response indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Fowler
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Megan E. Mikhail
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Neale
- Department of Psychiatry, Human Genetics, and Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Pamela K. Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Debra K. Katzman
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl L. Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - S. Alexandra Burt
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Hoover LV, Yu HP, Duval ER, Gearhardt AN. Investigating gender differences in the co-occurrence of PTSD and food addiction. Appetite 2023; 187:106605. [PMID: 37236363 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co-occurs with substance use disorders (SUDs). Past studies suggest PTSD is also associated with food addiction (compulsive intake of highly processed foods containing refined carbohydrates and/or added fat). However, research investigating gender differences has been limited (e.g., restricted samples) and mixed. We aim to investigate the risk of co-occurring PTSD and food addiction in a community sample for all participants and stratified by gender. Additionally, we conducted risk ratios for problematic substance use and obesity to allow for within-sample comparisons. METHOD We utilized a sample of 318 participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (mean age = 41.2, 47.8% men, 78.0% white) to address existing gaps in the literature on PTSD and food addiction. We calculated risk ratios (adjusted for sociodemographic covariates) using modified Poisson regression with 95% confidence intervals. Results were also gender stratified. RESULTS Risk of food addiction (Risk Ratio (RR) = 6.42, 95% CI [4.10, 10.07], problematic alcohol use (RR) = 3.86, 95% CI [2.25,6.62], problematic smoking (RR) = 3.93, 95% CI [2.22, 6.97], and problematic nicotine vaping (RR) = 5.41, 95% CI [2.41, 11.14] were higher for those meeting criteria for PTSD. Risk of problematic cannabis use, and risk of obesity were not significantly higher for those meeting criteria for PTSD. Gender-stratified results suggest risk of food addiction may be higher for men (RR) = 8.54, 95% CI [4.49, 16.25] compared to women (RR) = 4.32, 95% CI [2.16, 8.62]. DISCUSSION Food addiction, but not obesity, appears to co-occur with PTSD more strongly than other types of problematic substance use (alcohol, cannabis, cigarettes, nicotine vaping). This risk appears to be particularly high for men compared to women. Assessing for food addiction in those with PTSD, particularly in men, may assist in identifying high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindzey V Hoover
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Hayley P Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Duval
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Finn EB, Whang C, Hong PH, Costa SA, Callahan EA, Huang TTK. Strategies to improve the implementation of intensive lifestyle interventions for obesity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1202545. [PMID: 37559739 PMCID: PMC10407556 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1202545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Benjamin Finn
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christine Whang
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Houlin Hong
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sergio A. Costa
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Terry T. -K. Huang
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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Fu X, Wang Y, Zhao F, Cui R, Xie W, Liu Q, Yang W. Shared biological mechanisms of depression and obesity: focus on adipokines and lipokines. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5917-5950. [PMID: 37387537 PMCID: PMC10333059 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Depression and obesity are both common disorders currently affecting public health, frequently occurring simultaneously within individuals, and the relationship between these disorders is bidirectional. The association between obesity and depression is highly co-morbid and tends to significantly exacerbate metabolic and related depressive symptoms. However, the neural mechanism under the mutual control of obesity and depression is largely inscrutable. This review focuses particularly on alterations in systems that may mechanistically explain the in vivo homeostatic regulation of the obesity and depression link, such as immune-inflammatory activation, gut microbiota, neuroplasticity, HPA axis dysregulation as well as neuroendocrine regulators of energy metabolism including adipocytokines and lipokines. In addition, the review summarizes potential and future treatments for obesity and depression and raises several questions that need to be answered in future research. This review will provide a comprehensive description and localization of the biological connection between obesity and depression to better understand the co-morbidity of obesity and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Fangyi Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
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Abstract
Poor nutrition is the leading cause of poor health, health care spending, and lost productivity in the United States and globally, which acts through cardiometabolic diseases as precursors to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other conditions. There is great interest in how the social determinants of health (the conditions in which people are born, live, work, develop, and age) impact cardiometabolic disease. Food insecurity is an example of a powerful social determinant of health that impacts health outcomes. Nutrition insecurity, a distinct but related concept to food insecurity, is a direct determinant of health. In this article, we provide an overview of how diet in early life relates to cardiometabolic disease and then continue to focus on the concepts of food insecurity and nutrition insecurity. In the discussions herein we make important distinctions between the concepts of food insecurity and nutrition insecurity and provide a review of their concepts, histories, measurement and assessment devices, trends and prevalence, and links to health and health disparities. The discussions here set the stage for future research and practice to directly address the negative consequences of food and nutrition insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Brandt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.B., V.L.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation (E.J.B.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (D.M.)
| | - Cindy W Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (C.W.L.)
| | - Seth A Berkowitz
- Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine (S.A.B.)
| | - Venkatesh L Murthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.B., V.L.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Marchon RG, Gregório BM, Costa WS, Pereira-Sampaio MA, Sampaio FJ, De Souza DB. Effects of comfort food diet on the penile morphology of stressed rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17013. [PMID: 37484244 PMCID: PMC10361093 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of chronic stress, associated or not with comfort food, on the morphology of the penis. Materials & methods Thirty-two adult Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: Control group (C), receiving standard rat chow, and under normal conditions; Stressed group (S), receiving standard chow, and submitted to stressful situations; Control + comfort food group (C + CF), receiving standard chow and comfort food, and under normal conditions; and Stressed + comfort food group (S + CF), receiving standard chow and comfort food, and submitted to stressful situations. At 10 weeks of age, food supply and stress were initiated. All groups had ad libitum access to standard chow and water, and groups receiving comfort food also had access to Froot Loops®. Chronic stress was induced by restriction, animals were contained daily in polypropylene tubes for 2 h, for eight weeks. After eight weeks all animals were killed; penises were removed for histomorphometric analysis. Results Body mass was similar among the groups. Food intake in S + CF group was lower than in other groups. Concerning food preference, groups C + CF and S + CF preferred comfort food over the standard chow, with this preference being higher in S + CF than in C + CF. The area of the corpora cavernosa without tunica albuginea was lower in group S + CF than in group C. Most interestingly, the surface density of connective tissue in the corpora cavernosa was higher in groups S and S + CF compared to group C. In contrast, smooth muscle surface density was markedly lower in S + CF compared to groups C and C + CF, while group S also had reduced smooth muscle in comparison to group C. Conclusion Chronic stress caused a morphological alteration on penile histomorphometry. Also, stress increased the preference for comfort foods which caused more deleterious effects in some parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G. Marchon
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bianca M. Gregório
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Waldemar S. Costa
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Pereira-Sampaio
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco J. Sampaio
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo B. De Souza
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Klatzkin RR, Nadel T, Wilkinson LL, Gaffney K, Files H, Gray ZJ, Slavich GM. Lifetime stressor exposure, eating expectancy, and acute social stress-related eating behavior: A pre-registered study of the emotional eating cycle. Appetite 2023; 185:106494. [PMID: 36805424 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Eating behaviors in response to acute stressors are highly variable: whereas many individuals eat more following stressors, others eat less or show no change in food consumption. Understanding factors that predict individual differences in eating behaviors may help elucidate the psychosocial mechanisms underlying obesity, yet few experimental studies on this topic have been conducted to date. To address this issue, we conducted the present pre-registered study, where we investigated how lifetime stressor exposure moderates the extent to which eating expectancies enhance the learned association between stress-induced negative affect and snack intake. Participants were 44 women (30% non-White) between 18 and 50 years old (M = 27.9), with a mean body mass index of 25.6, who completed assessments of lifetime stressor exposure, eating behaviors, and eating expectancies (eating helps manage negative affect); in a subsequent visit, they were given snacks after an acute social stress task (TSST). The moderated moderation model (PROCESS model 3) yielded a significant three-way interaction. When eating expectancies were high, acute social stress-induced negative affect predicted greater M&M intake for women with very high total lifetime stressor exposure but less M&M intake for women with fewer lifetime stressors. These data thus highlight how lifetime stressor exposure interacts with eating expectancies and acute stress-induced negative affect to predict eating behavior. Replications in larger samples may help explain variability in stress-eating as well as how lifetime stressors contribute to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tzvi Nadel
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Katie Gaffney
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Helen Files
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zach J Gray
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Czepczor-Bernat K, Modrzejewska J, Porczyńska-Ciszewska A, Modrzejewska A, Bieńkowska I, Matusik P. Dyadic Predictors of Willing to Engage in Physical Activity and Emotional Eating in Children and Adolescents with Mild and Moderate Intellectual Disability. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102343. [PMID: 37242226 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability is associated with increased risk for childhood obesity, and the factors most often associated with this risk are incorrect eating behavior and insufficient amount and intensity of physical activity. As is well known, there area whole range of factors determining lifestyle, but many currently available reports in this field refer to the functioning of children without a diagnosis of intellectual disability, and, as we know, due to numerous individual and environmental barriers, children with ID may function differently in this context than their peers. Therefore, we examined the relationships between the selected variables and divided them into two models: (1) first regression model: child's willingness to engage in physical activity (dependent variable), child's physical limitations related to disabilities and/or comorbidities, child's independence, parents' willingness to engage in physical activity, child's body dissatisfaction (independent variables/predictors); (2) second regression model: child's emotional eating (dependent variable), child's coping with emotions, parents' attitudes, beliefs, and practices about child feeding (restriction and pressure to eat), parents' emotional eating, parents' happiness (independent variables/predictors). A group of 503 parents (of children and adolescents with mild and moderate intellectual disability) completed: the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, the Child Feeding Questionnaire, the Emotional Overeating Questionnaire, the Scale of Experiencing Happiness, and the supplementary survey. Our results allow partial confirmation of the hypotheses related to both of these models: (1) model I: the relationships between the child's willingness to engage in physical activity and all predictors are significant, but the direction of the relationship between the dependent variable and one of the predictors-body dissatisfaction-is opposite to the assumed one (negative relationship); (2) model II: the relationships between the child's emotional eating and almost all predictors are significant, except for the relationship between the dependent variable and pressure to eat. In conclusion, (to the authors' knowledge) this study is the first to assess dyadic predictors of willingness to engage in physical activity and emotional eating in children and adolescents with mild and moderate intellectual disability. It allows for a better understanding of the attitudes, beliefs, and experiences of children with intellectual disabilities and their parents, which gives the opportunity (taking into account factors from both individuals from the child-parent dyad) to better design strategies to support pro-health behaviors in children and adolescents from this group (which may improve the effectiveness of overweight prevention and obesity). These findings emphasize how important it is to consider the dynamic of the child-parent dyad when considering how parenting contributes to a child's willingness to engage in physical activity, as well as thatchild's emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Czepczor-Bernat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Modrzejewska
- Institute of Pedagogy, University of Bielsko-Biała, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | | | - Adriana Modrzejewska
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Izabela Bieńkowska
- Institute of Pedagogy, University of Bielsko-Biała, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Paweł Matusik
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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64
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Deer LK, Su C, Thwaites NA, Davis EP, Doom JR. A framework for testing pathways from prenatal stress-responsive hormones to cardiovascular disease risk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1111474. [PMID: 37223037 PMCID: PMC10200937 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death globally, with the prevalence projected to keep rising. Risk factors for adult CVD emerge at least as early as the prenatal period. Alterations in stress-responsive hormones in the prenatal period are hypothesized to contribute to CVD in adulthood, but little is known about relations between prenatal stress-responsive hormones and early precursors of CVD, such as cardiometabolic risk and health behaviors. The current review presents a theoretical model of the relation between prenatal stress-responsive hormones and adult CVD through cardiometabolic risk markers (e.g., rapid catch-up growth, high BMI/adiposity, high blood pressure, and altered blood glucose, lipids, and metabolic hormones) and health behaviors (e.g., substance use, poor sleep, poor diet and eating behaviors, and low physical activity levels). Emerging evidence in human and non-human animal literatures suggest that altered stress-responsive hormones during gestation predict higher cardiometabolic risk and poorer health behaviors in offspring. This review additionally highlights limitations of the current literature (e.g., lack of racial/ethnic diversity, lack of examination of sex differences), and discusses future directions for this promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- LillyBelle K. Deer
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Chen Su
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | | | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jenalee R. Doom
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
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65
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Sato AF, Darling KE, Ruzicka EB, Fahrenkamp AJ, Shields CV, West CE, Schuler SM. A biobehavioral examination of emotional eating in adolescents: Evaluating the role of acute cortisol stress reactivity in the context of a multi-method assessment of eating in response to stress. Appetite 2023; 184:106486. [PMID: 36746277 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stress is linked to emotional eating among adolescents, which in turn increases risk for overweight/obesity (OW/OB) development and continuation. There is a lack of research disentangling chronic and acute stress as predictors of adolescent emotional eating. Further, there is a corresponding need to understand the effects of acute physiological stress reactivity within the context of adolescent emotional eating. The primary aim of this study was to examine the impact of cortisol stress reactivity on emotional eating in adolescents, above and beyond the effects of perceived chronic stress. The impact of subjective stress reactivity was also explored. Adolescents' (N = 49) intake of highly palatable snack foods was measured on separate control and stress-induction (following the Trier Social Stress Test for Children) days. A multi-method approach was used to assess objective (caloric intake) and subjective (self-report) emotional eating. Results indicated that greater cortisol reactivity, but not subjective stress reactivity, predicted subjective emotional eating, beyond the impact of chronic stress. Neither chronic stress nor subjective or objective stress reactivity predicted objective emotional eating following stress-induction. Findings point to the role of chronic stress and cortisol reactivity as risks for greater perceived emotional eating among adolescents, while elucidating differences between perceived and objective emotional eating. Future research should explore how chronic versus acute stress differentially contribute to adolescent weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F Sato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA; Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
| | - Katherine E Darling
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Ruzicka
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amy J Fahrenkamp
- Children's Minnesota Pain and Palliative Care, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clarissa V Shields
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Caroline E West
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Shana M Schuler
- NeuroDevelopmental Science Center, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
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66
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Buro AW, Sauls R, Stern M, Carson TL. A qualitative study of stress experiences, health behaviors, and intervention preferences in young adult cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:295. [PMID: 37093353 PMCID: PMC10123481 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To inform behavioral intervention development, this study examined experiences and unmet needs related to stress, diet, and physical activity in young adult (YA) cancer survivors. METHODS Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of YA cancer survivors (n = 12 aged 18-29 years; n = 11 aged 30-39 years; 57% racial or ethnic minority) between May and July 2022 via Zoom. Data were analyzed using a coding reliability approach to thematic analysis. RESULTS Stressor-related themes included health and health care, economic stability, social and community context, and balancing responsibilities. Transition to independent adulthood was discussed among younger participants (18-29 years). Coping-related themes included letting go, keeping anchored in faith, and distraction. Older participants (30-39 years) reported more diverse coping strategies. Routine and consistency and the impact of stress were themes aligning with health behaviors. Control was a cross-cutting theme regarding stressors, coping, and health behaviors. Themes related to intervention preferences included individualized approach, expert-based content, peer support, integrative self-care, and manageability. Younger participants preferred multiple intervention formats (e.g., website, tracking logs). CONCLUSIONS Findings highlighted unmet needs regarding social and environmental stressors in YA cancer survivors and a preference for individualized, expert-based content and peer support in stress management-enhanced behavioral interventions. Such interventions may be tailored for specific age groups to account for differences in stress experiences and intervention preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acadia W Buro
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Rachel Sauls
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marilyn Stern
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Child and Family Studies, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tiffany L Carson
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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67
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Bailey RL, Merle P, Kwon K, Yegiyan N. Perceived Stress Increases Susceptibility to Visual Food Cues in Fast-food Menu Selections. Physiol Behav 2023; 266:114205. [PMID: 37100220 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who report perceived stress often eat more unhealthy foods and more calories than those with lower stress levels, though individual differences and contexts are important. This study investigated how visual food cues on fast-food menus may increase calorie consumption intentions due to their potential motivational influences. A 2 (presence or absence of visual cues) x 4 (exemplar fast-food restaurant menu) fractionated experiment administered online (N = 325) indicated that when participants viewed menus with visual cues, they selected a greater number of calories to consume. Additionally, data showed an interaction effect of perceived stress and visual cues revealing that visual elements incentivized participants reporting higher stress to select more calories whereas visual cues did not have this effect for people reporting lower levels of perceived stress. Though important limitations exist, a key takeaway is that food cue exposure is another important factor to consider when predicting how stress may affect eating decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Bailey
- School of Communication, Florida State University, 3100 University Center C, Tallahassee, FL, 32306.
| | - Patrick Merle
- School of Communication, Florida State University, 3100 University Center C, Tallahassee, FL, 32306
| | - Kyeongwon Kwon
- School of Communication, Florida State University, 3100 University Center C, Tallahassee, FL, 32306
| | - Narine Yegiyan
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, 469 Kerr Hall, Davis, CA, 95616
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68
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Ghafouri-Taleghani F, Abiri B, Zamanian A, Saidpour A. Effects of probiotic supplementation with weight reducing intervention on anthropometric measures, body composition, eating behavior, and related hormone levels in patients with food addiction and weight regain after bariatric surgery: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:63. [PMID: 37072872 PMCID: PMC10114428 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00717-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the unfortunate events after bariatric surgery is the weight regain, which occurs in some patients. Food addiction is an eating disorder related to the brain-intestinal axis and can be effective in weight regain after bariatric surgery. In addition, the gut microbiome plays a vital role in eating behaviors, including food addiction. So, this study will aim to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation with a weight-reducing diet and cognitive behavioral therapy on anthropometric measures, body composition, eating behavior, and related hormone levels, leptin, oxytocin, and serotonin, in patients with food addiction and weight regain after bariatric surgery. METHODS We will carry out a triple-blinded randomized clinical trial for 12 weeks to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation with a weight-reducing diet and cognitive behavioral therapy on anthropometric measures, body composition, eating behavior, and related hormone levels including leptin, oxytocin, and serotonin, in patients with food addiction and weight regain after bariatric surgery. DISCUSSION Based on the available evidence, probiotic supplementation by modifying the intestinal microbiome can improve food addiction and subsequent weight loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20220406054437N1 Registered on 2022-06-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Ghafouri-Taleghani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abiri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zamanian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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69
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Bicaker E, Schell SE, Racine SE. The role of self-compassion in the relationship between rejection and unhealthy eating: An ecological momentary assessment study. Appetite 2023; 186:106568. [PMID: 37054819 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Available studies suggest that experiencing interpersonal rejection heightens negative affect and, in turn, triggers unhealthy eating behaviors. Elucidating individual differences that attenuate the negative consequences of rejection could inform interventions targeting unhealthy eating. This study examined the buffering role of self-compassion in the relationship between rejection experiences and unhealthy eating behaviors, defined as snacking on junk food and overeating. Two-hundred undergraduate students (50% women) completed ecological momentary assessments measuring rejection experiences, emotions, and unhealthy eating seven times a day for 10 consecutive days. Self-compassion was measured after the 10-day assessment period. Reports of rejection were low (2.6%) in our university sample. Multilevel mediation analyses examined whether the relationship between experiencing rejection and subsequent unhealthy eating was mediated by negative affect. Multilevel moderated mediation analyses further considered whether relationships between rejection and negative affect and between negative affect and unhealthy eating were moderated by self-compassion. Experiencing rejection predicted more unhealthy eating behaviors at the next time point, and this relationship was fully explained by increases in negative affect. Participants with high levels of self-compassion experienced less intense negative affect after rejection and reported less unhealthy eating behaviors when feeling negative emotions, compared to their counterparts with lower levels of self-compassion. The indirect effect of rejection on unhealthy eating was moderated by self-compassion, and there was no statistically significant relationship between rejection and unhealthy eating behaviors among highly self-compassionate participants. Findings suggest that cultivating self-compassion may help attenuate the negative impact of rejection experiences on emotions and unhealthy eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ege Bicaker
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
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70
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Lycett D, Patel R. Spiritual Care within Dietetic Practice: A Systematic Literature Review. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:1223-1250. [PMID: 35501521 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Registered dietitians assess, diagnose and treat nutritional problems. Although integral to healthcare, their role in spiritual care is unknown. We conducted a systematic review of spiritual needs and spiritual care in nutrition and dietetic practice. Subject Headings and keywords were used to search Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and AMED for studies exploring spiritual care and nutrition or dietetic practice. From 1433 records, 13 studies were included. Medium quality evidence showed unmet spiritual needs among dietetic patients suffering from cancer, COPD, heart failure and diabetes. Unmet needs occurred in patients from a variety of ethnicities, religions and none. However, dietitians were only involved in spiritual care regarding nutrition and hydration at the end of life. Integrating spiritual screening and sign-posting within dietetic practice is prudent, but clinical trials are needed to evaluate its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Lycett
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
| | - Riya Patel
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
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71
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Um Y, Lee J. Mediating effect of negative perceived stress on the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and emotional eating. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:330-340. [PMID: 37009148 PMCID: PMC10042710 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.2.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Emotional eating is one of the eating behaviors in which negative emotions affect eating. During the luteal phase, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its associated psychological and physical symptoms can appear in some women, and a few of them suffer from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of PMS. Some women diagnosed with PMS/PMDD experience emotional eating during the luteal phase, which may be a coping mechanism for psychological stress. This study aimed to investigate how PMS/PMDD and negatively perceived stress are related to emotional eating. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 409 women aged 20 to 39 yrs with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m2 participated in this study. Participants who responded to all the questions of the Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form, Negative Perceived Stress Scale, and Emotional Eater Questionnaire were divided into a PMDD and a non-PMDD group according to the cut-off value for PMDD diagnosis. Independent t-tests and mediation analyses were performed to compare the 2 groups. RESULTS No significant differences between the 2 groups were found in terms of BMI; however, the average values for emotional eating, PMS, and negative perceived stress of the PMDD group were significantly higher than those of the non-PMDD group. Only negative perceived stress had a significant effect on emotional eating in the non-PMDD group. In the PMDD group, PMS was statistically significant for both negative perceived stress and emotional eating mediated by negative perceived stress. Consequently, it appeared to have a partial or complete mediation depending on the independent variable for the PMDD group. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of managing negative perceived stress to control emotional eating in PMS/PMDD for improved women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesol Um
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Jisun Lee
- Smart Tourism Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- College of Health Science, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
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72
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Hill D, Conner M, Bristow M, O'Connor DB. Daily stress and eating behaviors in adolescents and young adults: Investigating the role of cortisol reactivity and eating styles. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106105. [PMID: 37028138 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Stress-related eating has been well documented in previous literature. However, there is limited research investigating the role of cortisol reactivity in daily stress-eating associations in samples of adolescents and young adults. 123 participants completed a baseline questionnaire and the Trier Social Stress Test in groups. Four saliva samples were taken at - 10, + 00, + 10 and + 40 min during the stress-induction task. Following this, participants completed an online daily diary each evening for 14 consecutive days to record daily stress and between-meal snack consumption. Multilevel modelling indicated that daily stress was positively associated with daily snack intake, particularly for ego-threatening and work/academic stressors. Emotional and external eating styles were found to moderate the stress-snacking relationship. Cortisol reactivity also moderated stress-eating associations, such that as cortisol reactivity levels increased from lower to higher levels, the impact of stress on eating decreased. The current findings highlight the importance of cortisol reactivity status and eating styles in understanding the complex relationship between daily stress and eating behavior in adolescents and young adults. Future research should continue investigating stress-eating associations in these groups and explore the role of other aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Hill
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matt Bristow
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
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73
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Marques ES, Faus DP, Levy RB, Leite MA, Eisner MP, Peres MFT. Relationship between polyvictimization and overweight among adolescents from São Paulo city, Brazil. Prev Med 2023; 170:107492. [PMID: 37001605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
This study is to identify victimization patterns and analyze the association between the experience of polyvictimization and overweight or obesity among adolescent girls and boys. The sample consisted of 2680 Brazilian ninth-graders enrolled in public and private schools, taken from the São Paulo Project for the social development of children and adolescents (SP-PROSO). Victimization was explored in two ways: (i) as per Finkelhor and (ii) by latent class analysis (LCA). The interest outcomes were overweight and obesity. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to study the relationship between victimization and overweight or obesity, controlling for confounders. LCA grouped boys and girls adolescents into three classes. These classes received the same labels, but the patterns differed between sexes. Class 1 was characterized by fewer types of victimization suffered and lower endorsement values in the analyzed items and was named bullying and indirect victimization (♀: 42.7%, n = 546; ♂: 21.6%, n = 293). Class 2 included more victimization types than Class 1 and less than Class 3. This class was labeled family violence and peer victimization (♀: 29.1%, n = 356; ♂: 47.9%, n = 652). Class 3 was named high polyvictimization (♀: 28.2%, n = 345; ♂: 30.5%, n = 418). According to Finkelhor, polyvictimization was not associated with overweight or obesity in both sexes. Only the class of high polyvictimization was associated with being overweight (ORadj: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.01-2.54) in girls. In this study, polyvictimization was associated with being overweight only among adolescent girls. Longitudinal studies in different contexts and populations are needed to understand this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Souza Marques
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Porto Faus
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Renata Bertazzi Levy
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Alvim Leite
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel P Eisner
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Rosenqvist E, Kiviruusu O, Berg N, Konttinen H. Stress-induced eating and drinking and their associations with weight among women and men during 30-year follow-up. Psychol Health 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36946279 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2192240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is associated with obesity through several mechanisms, including coping methods used in stressful situations. However, long-term prospective studies investigating stress-induced eating and drinking in parallel and their relationships with weight are scarce. PURPOSE We examined the prevalence of stress-induced eating and drinking and their associations with body mass index (BMI) among women and men during a 30-year follow-up, as well as BMI trajectories from early adulthood to middle age. METHODS Participants of a Finnish cohort study were followed by questionnaires at the ages of 22 (N = 1656), 32 (N = 1471), 42 (N = 1334), and 52 (N = 1160). Their coping methods were evaluated by asking how common it was for them to act in certain ways when they encountered stressful situations. We used linear regression analysis to examine the associations between coping methods and BMI, and latent growth models to analyze the BMI trajectories. RESULTS The prevalence of stress-induced eating was higher among women than men throughout the follow-up, whereas stress-induced drinking was more common among men at 22 and 32 years of age. Stress-induced eating was associated with higher BMI at all ages among women, and from the age of 32 among men. Eating as a persistent coping method over the life course was associated with a higher and faster growth rate of BMI trajectories. Stress-induced drinking was associated with higher BMI in middle age, and with a faster growth of BMI among men. CONCLUSIONS Effective, appropriate stress management may be one essential factor in preventing weight gain in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosenqvist
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kiviruusu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Berg
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Konttinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Campos-Ramírez C, Palacios-Delgado J, Caamaño-Perez MDC, Camacho-Calderon N, Villagrán-Herrera ME, Aguilar-Galarza A, García-Gasca T, Anaya-Loyola MA. Perceived Stress Is Directly Associated with Major Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages among Public University Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13030232. [PMID: 36975257 PMCID: PMC10045845 DOI: 10.3390/bs13030232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a condition that has been related to the development of risk behaviors for health such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption. The aim of this study was to examine the link between SSBs consumption and perceived stress level in university students. This was an observational, cross-sectional and single-time-point study where the subjects were recruited as a non-probabilistic sample of first-year university students. The students reported their SSBs consumption through a validated questionnaire, as well as their perceived stress level, evaluated through the Cohen scale. Comparisons were made between the means of all variables. Factorial analysis of variance was conducted to explore the effect of the variables’ interaction on the stress level. One-way analysis of variance was performed to assess differences between the sexes. Men consumed more SSBs (6101.17 ± 3772.50 mL/week) compared to women (4294.06 ± 3093.8 mL/week). However, women had higher scores of perceived stress and showed a strong association of stress with the SSBs consumption pattern (r and p-value). This study shows for the first time the association that exists between stress and SSBs consumption and indicates that it is related to sex in the young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Campos-Ramírez
- Department of Neurometabolism Sciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Clavel 200, Prados de la Capilla, Queretaro 76176, Mexico
| | - Jorge Palacios-Delgado
- Neuroeconomics Research Department, University of Valle de México, Campus Querétaro, Blvd. Juriquilla 1000 A. Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Maria del Carmen Caamaño-Perez
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. De las Ciencias Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Nicolas Camacho-Calderon
- Department of Neurometabolism Sciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Clavel 200, Prados de la Capilla, Queretaro 76176, Mexico
| | - María Elena Villagrán-Herrera
- Department of Neurometabolism Sciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Clavel 200, Prados de la Capilla, Queretaro 76176, Mexico
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Galarza
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. De las Ciencias Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. De las Ciencias Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Miriam Aracely Anaya-Loyola
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. De las Ciencias Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-442-192-1200 (ext. 5367)
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76
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Kappes C, Stein R, Körner A, Merkenschlager A, Kiess W. Stress, Stress Reduction and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 96:88-96. [PMID: 34469895 DOI: 10.1159/000519284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in childhood and adolescence remains a great global health challenge. Stress exposure during childhood and adolescence is associated with a higher risk for obesity, yet the linkage between stress and obesity is multidimensional, and its biological and behavioral mechanisms are still not fully understood. SUMMARY In this literature review, we identified different types of stress exposure in children and adolescents, including first studied effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as a prolonged stress exposure and their association with obesity risk. We investigated studies on the connection of altered stress biology and behavioral pathways as well as intervention programs on stress reduction in children and adolescents with obesity. KEY MESSAGES There is evidence that stress exposure in childhood and adolescence promotes biological and behavioral alterations that contribute to the multifactorial pathogenesis of obesity. COVID-19 related-stress presents the most current example of a negative influence on weight development in children and adolescents. However, longitudinal studies on the linkage between environmental, behavioral, and biological factors across development are few, and results are partly equivocal. Intervention programs to reduce stress in children through mindfulness might be a promising adjunctive tool in the prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity that could further offer proof of concept of theoretically elaborated cause-and-effect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kappes
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Stein
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Merkenschlager
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Effects of the healthy lifestyle community program (cohort 1) on stress-eating and weight change after 8 weeks: a controlled study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3486. [PMID: 36859448 PMCID: PMC9977731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-eating (eating more or more unhealthily in order to accommodate to stress), contributes to the development and maintenance of obesity. The effect of comprehensive weight loss interventions on changes in stress-eating as well as the contributing role of stress-eating on weight reduction has not been examined. The impact of the 8-week intensive phase of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on emotional, external and restrained eating, as expressions of stress-eating was evaluated in a non-randomized controlled trial. Intervention: 14 seminars (twice per week, including practical units), complemented by stress-regulation and cooking workshops and coaching sessions empowering participants to change their behaviour towards a healthy plant-based diet (ad libitum), stress regulation, regular exercise and to focus on social support. Participants were recruited from the general population. In the intervention group, 91 participants (IG; age: 56 ± 10, 77% female) and in the control group, 52 (CG; age: 62 ± 14, 57% female) were enrolled. At baseline, participants of the IG reported higher levels of stress (9.7 ± 5.4 points [P] vs. 7.6 ± 6.2; p < 0.011), and of emotional eating (27.9 ± 9.4 vs. 20.0 ± 7.1; p < 0.001) and external eating (29.1 ± 4.9 vs. 25.5 ± 5.6; p < 0.001) than participants of the CG. Within 8 weeks, in the IG, scores of emotional eating (- 3.5 ± 5.4 P) and external eating significantly decreased (= - 2.0 ± 3.8 P), while restrained eating increased (2.7 ± 5.0 P; p for all < 0.001). Weight change was negatively correlated with change of external eating (R2 = 0.045; CC = - 0.285; p = 0.014), indicating that a greater weight change was associated with a smaller change of external eating. This is the first study to prospectively investigate the role of stress-eating on the weight reduction effect of comprehensive lifestyle interventions. Our data confirm that overweight is associated with EE and external eating and suggest that the HLCP is capable to reduce both, weight and stress-eating.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; reference: DRKS00018821; September 18th 2019; retrospectively registered).
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78
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Kuckuck S, van der Valk ES, Scheurink AJW, van der Voorn B, Iyer AM, Visser JA, Delhanty PJD, van den Berg SAA, van Rossum EFC. Glucocorticoids, stress and eating: The mediating role of appetite-regulating hormones. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13539. [PMID: 36480471 PMCID: PMC10077914 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted hormonal appetite signaling plays a crucial role in obesity as it may lead to uncontrolled reward-related eating. Such disturbances can be induced not only by weight gain itself but also by glucocorticoid overexposure, for example, due to chronic stress, disease, or medication use. However, the exact pathways are just starting to be understood. Here, we present a conceptual framework of how glucocorticoid excess may impair hormonal appetite signaling and, consequently, eating control in the context of obesity. The evidence we present suggests that counteracting glucocorticoid excess can lead to improvements in appetite signaling and may therefore pose a crucial target for obesity prevention and treatment. In turn, targeting hormonal appetite signals may not only improve weight management and eating behavior but may also decrease detrimental effects of glucocorticoid excess on cardio-metabolic outcomes and mood. We conclude that gaining a better understanding of the relationship between glucocorticoid excess and circulating appetite signals will contribute greatly to improvements in personalized obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kuckuck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Eline S van der Valk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Anton J W Scheurink
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bibian van der Voorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Patric J D Delhanty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd A A van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, Room Rg528, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Netherlands
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Slavich GM, Roos LG, Mengelkoch S, Webb CA, Shattuck EC, Moriarity DP, Alley JC. Social Safety Theory: Conceptual foundation, underlying mechanisms, and future directions. Health Psychol Rev 2023; 17:5-59. [PMID: 36718584 PMCID: PMC10161928 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2023.2171900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Classic theories of stress and health are largely based on assumptions regarding how different psychosocial stressors influence biological processes that, in turn, affect human health and behavior. Although theoretically rich, this work has yielded little consensus and led to numerous conceptual, measurement, and reproducibility issues. Social Safety Theory aims to address these issues by using the primary goal and regulatory logic of the human brain and immune system as the basis for specifying the social-environmental situations to which these systems should respond most strongly to maximize reproductive success and survival. This analysis gave rise to the integrated, multi-level formulation described herein, which transforms thinking about stress biology and provides a biologically based, evolutionary account for how and why experiences of social safety and social threat are strongly related to health, well-being, aging, and longevity. In doing so, the theory advances a testable framework for investigating the biopsychosocial roots of health disparities as well as how health-relevant biopsychosocial processes crystalize over time and how perceptions of the social environment interact with childhood microbial environment, birth cohort, culture, air pollution, genetics, sleep, diet, personality, and self-harm to affect health. The theory also highlights several interventions for reducing social threat and promoting resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lydia G. Roos
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian A. Webb
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric C. Shattuck
- Institute for Health Disparities Research and Department of Public Health, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel P. Moriarity
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenna C. Alley
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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80
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Lochner RH, Delfin L, Nezami BG, Cohen ML, Asa SL, Burguera B, Couce ME. Severe Obesity Associated with Pituitary Corticotroph Hyperplasia and Neoplasia:. Endocr Pract 2023:S1530-891X(23)00345-2. [PMID: 37004872 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.03.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with hypercortisolism. The incidence of corticotroph hyperplasia or lymphocyte infiltration in the pituitary of patients with obesity is unknown. METHODS Pituitary and adrenal glands from 161 adult autopsies performed between 2010 and 2019 at our institution were reviewed. Clinical history, body mass index, and cause of death were recorded Routine hematoxylin & eosin, reticulin and immunohistochemical stains for ACTH, CD3, and CD20 were done. Results were analyzed using Fisher and Chi-square statistics.Decedents were separated into 4 groups based on BMI (kg/m2): Lean (BMI <25.0), Overweight (BMI of 25.0 to 29.9), Obesity Class I (BMI of 30.0 to 34.9), and Obesity Class II-III (BMI > 34.9). RESULTS Corticotroph hyperplasia/neoplasia was identified in 44 of 161 pituitary glands. 4 of 53 (9.1%) lean patients had pituitary lesions whereas 27.3% (12) of overweight, 22.7% (10) of obesity class I and 40.9% (18) of obesity class II patients had hyperplasia (p < 0.0001). Small corticotroph tumors were identified in 15 patients; only one was a lean patient and the tumor was associated with Crooke's hyaline change of nontumorous corticotrophs. The presence of corticotroph hyperplasia and neoplasia was associated with adrenal cortical hyperplasia and lipid depletion. Microscopic foci of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were identified in pituitaries of patients within each weight category; no independent association between BMI and lymphocytic inflammation was found. CONCLUSION Our data indicate an association between corticotroph hyperplasia/neoplasia and obesity. It remains unclear whether obesity is the cause or effect of ACTH and cortisol excess.
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81
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Siew RVK, Bowe SJ, Turner AI, Sarnyai Z, Nilsson CJ, Shaw JE, Magliano DJ, Torres SJ. The role of combined modifiable lifestyle behaviors in the longitudinal association between stressful life events and allostatic load in Australian adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 149:106021. [PMID: 36610209 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.106021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Allostatic load is a model that is used to quantify the physiological damage from exposure to stressors. Stressful life events are chronic stressors that can lead to an elevated allostatic load through the physiological and behavioral stress responses. However, there is limited empirical studies that has tested the proposed behavioural pathway. Our study addresses this gap by examining the mediating role of combined modifiable lifestyle behaviors in the 12-years longitudinal association between stressful life events and allostatic load among participants from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study cohort. A latent profile analysis was performed to identify latent subgroups with distinct behavioral clusters based on five modifiable lifestyle behaviors (smoking, sedentary behavior, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and diet quality). We then used a sequential mediation model design with path analysis to test the mediating effect of these latent subgroups in the associations between stressful life events and three measures of allostatic load. Indirect effects were estimated using the product of coefficient approach and the statistical significance was determined by the 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals with 1000 replications. We identified three latent subgroups: "least healthy lifestyle" (12%; n = 396), "moderately healthy lifestyle" (78.7%; n = 2599), and "most healthy lifestyle" (9.2%; n = 306). Exposure to stressful life events was not associated with the allocation of participants in latent subgroups. Compared to the "moderately healthy lifestyle" subgroups, we found that the "least healthy lifestyle" behavioral cluster was not associated with allostatic load. However, there was a significant inverse association between the "most healthy lifestyle" behavioral cluster and allostatic load. Overall, we did not find significant indirect effects between stressful life events and three measures of allostatic load via the "least healthy lifestyle" and the "most healthy lifestyle" groups. In summary, the combinations of modifiable lifestyle behaviors did not explain the association between stressful life events and allostatic load. More longitudinal studies are needed to replicate our study to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Vooi Khong Siew
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Steven J Bowe
- Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne I Turner
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoltán Sarnyai
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Charlotte Juul Nilsson
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Susan J Torres
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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82
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Dorner TE, Bernecker O, Haider S, Stein KV. Steady increase of obesity prevalence in Austria: Analysis of three representative cross-sectional national health interview surveys from 2006 to 2019. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:125-133. [PMID: 35552810 PMCID: PMC9096063 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with adverse health consequences throughout life. Monitoring obesity trends is important to plan and implement public heath interventions adapted to specific target groups. We aimed to analyze the development of obesity prevalence in the Austrian population using data from the most recent representative Austrian Health Interview Surveys. METHODS The three cross-sectional Austrian health interview surveys from 2006/2007, 2014 and 2019 were used (n = 45,707). Data correction for self-reported body mass index (BMI) was applied. Sex, age, education level, employment status, country of birth, urbanization, and family status were used as sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression models were applied. RESULTS Prevalence of obesity increased in both sexes in the study period (men 13.7% to 20.0%, women 15.2% to 17.8%, p < 0.001). Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the increase in obesity prevalence was 1.47 (95% CI: 1.38-1.56). In men, obesity prevalence almost doubled from 2006/2007 to 2019 in subgroups of 15-29-year-olds (4.8% to 9.0%), unemployed (13.5% to 27.6%), men born in non-EU/non-EFTA countries (13.9% to 26.2%), and not being in a relationship (8.1% to 15.4%). In women, the largest increase was found in subgroups of 30-64-year-olds (15.8% to 18.7%), women born in non-EU/non-EFTA countries (19.9% to 22.8%) and in women living in the federal capital Vienna (16.5% to 19.9%). CONCLUSION Obesity prevalence in the Austrian population continues to rise significantly. We identified distinct subgroups with a fast-growing obesity prevalence in recent years, emphasizing the importance of regular long-term data collection as a basis for sustainable and target group-specific action planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ernst Dorner
- Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, 1080, Vienna, Austria
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, Gesundheitsplatz 1, 3454, Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Bernecker
- Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, 1080, Vienna, Austria.
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, Gesundheitsplatz 1, 3454, Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria.
| | - Sandra Haider
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Viktoria Stein
- Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, 1080, Vienna, Austria
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, Gesundheitsplatz 1, 3454, Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria
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de Ceglia M, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Romano A, Friuli M, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Gavito AL, Botticelli L, Gaetani S, de Fonseca FR, Cifani C. Anxiety associated with palatable food withdrawal is reversed by the selective FAAH inhibitor PF-3845: A regional analysis of the contribution of endocannabinoid signaling machinery. Int J Eat Disord 2023. [PMID: 36840536 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consumption of energy-dense palatable "comfort" food can alleviate stress and negative emotions, while abrupt withdrawal from a palatable diet can worsen these symptoms, causing difficulties with adherence to weight-loss diets. Currently, no pharmacological treatment is effective for obesity-related anxiety, so we investigated the endocannabinoid system (ECS), and specifically the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), as an interesting emerging target in this context because of its key role in the regulation of both energy homeostasis and emotional behavior. METHODS Rats were subjected to exposure and subsequent abstinence from a palatable cafeteria diet. During abstinence period, rats were treated with the selective FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 (10 mg/kg; intraperitoneal administration every other day). RESULTS Abstinent rats displayed an anxiogenic-like behavior and changes in the proteins of ECS signaling machinery in brain areas involved both in anxiety and food intake regulation. In particular, withdrawal caused a reduction of the expression of cannabinoid receptors in the nucleus accumbens and of enzymes diacylglycerol lipase alpha and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in the amygdala. Pharmacological inhibition of FAAH exerted an anxiolytic-like effect in abstinent animals and increased both MAGL expression in amygdala and CB2 expression in prefrontal cortex. DISCUSSION Overall, our results suggest that emotional disturbances associated with dieting are coupled with region-specific alterations in the cerebral expression of the ECS and that the enhancement of the endocannabinoid signaling by FAAH inhibition might represent a novel pharmacological strategy for the treatment of anxiety related to abstinence from palatable food. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The present study focused on evaluating the role of the endocannabinoid system in modulating withdrawal from naturally rewarding activities that have an impact on mood, such as feeding. The variations observed in the emotional behavior of abstinent rats was linked to neuroadaptations of the ECS in specific brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa de Ceglia
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Friuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ana L Gavito
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Frankowska K, Zarobkiewicz M, Sławiński MA, Wawryk-Gawda E, Abramiuk M, Jodłowska-Jędrych B. Changes in the Histological Structure of Adrenal Glands and Corticosterone Level after Whey Protein or Bee Pollen Supplementation in Running and Non-Running Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4105. [PMID: 36901116 PMCID: PMC10002451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the many health-promoting properties of bee pollen and whey protein, both products are widely used as dietary supplements. According to these reports on their health-promoting properties, the aim of our study is to assess whether these products can influence the structure and function of the adrenal glands in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups. Among them, there were three groups which included non-running rats and three groups which included running rats. Both of these running (n = 3) and non-running (n = 3) groups included non-supplemented (control groups), bee-pollen-supplemented groups, and whey-protein-supplemented groups. After 8 weeks, the rats were decapitated, their adrenal glands were collected, and paraffin slides were prepared. Then, staining according to the standard H&E and Masson's trichrome protocols was performed. Fecal and urine samples were collected prior to the end of the study to measure corticosterone levels. In the group of non-running rats, the consumption of bee pollen was noted to be significantly higher when compared to the group of running rats (p < 0.05). The thickness of the particular adrenal cortex layers was similar among all of the groups (p > 0.05). The statistically significant changes in the microscopic structure of the adrenal glands, especially regarding cell nuclei diameter and structure, as well as the architecture of sinusoids, were observed between the groups. Moreover, urine corticosterone concentrations were found to vary between all of the analyzed groups (p < 0.05). These results indicate that both bee pollen and whey protein have limited stress-reducing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Frankowska
- Chair and Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Student Scientific Association, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
- First Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Student Scientific Association, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Zarobkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław A. Sławiński
- Chair and Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Abramiuk
- First Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Chair and Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
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Reported Mental Health, Diet, and Physical Activity in Young Adult Cancer Survivors. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041005. [PMID: 36839363 PMCID: PMC9961696 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Young adult (YA) cancer survivors are at increased risk for chronic diseases and face age-dependent stressors that may hinder their ability to maintain healthy lifestyle behaviors. This study examined associations between reported mental health, eating beliefs, and health behaviors in YA cancer survivors. YA cancer survivors aged 18-39 years (n = 225) completed a self-administered REDCap® survey, including the Perceived Stress Scale 10, PROMIS® Anxiety and Depression, Eating Beliefs Questionnaire, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Dietary Screener Questionnaire, Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, and demographic and diagnosis-related questions. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multiple linear regression were performed. Participants were mean 31.3 years old and 3.7 years post-treatment; 77.3% were women. Most participants reported White (78%) or Black or African American (11.2%) race and non-Hispanic ethnicity (84%). Adjusting for covariates, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression were associated with increased added sugar intake (p < 0.001) and eating beliefs (p < 0.001). Perceived stress and depression were associated with reduced vegetable intake (p < 0.05). There were no associations with fruit intake or physical activity in the adjusted models. Health behavior interventions for this population may address psychosocial needs by including a stress management or mind-body component. Further research including direct measures of health behaviors is warranted.
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86
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Driver N, Tebbe M, Burke M, Amin NS. Factors associated with food insecurity among Latinx/Hispanics in the U.S.: evidence from the Fragile Families & Childhood Wellbeing Study. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36967135 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2023.2176828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE U.S. Latinx/Hispanic families experience higher food insecurity rates than the general population. Few studies have examined factors that contribute to food insecurity among the Latinx/Hispanic population, and none have done so using a national dataset. Drawing from the ecological theory of human development framework, this study explores the following research questions: What micro-, meso-, and exo/macro-system factors are related to adult and child food insecurity? How do these factors compare for Latinx/Hispanic, Black, and White mothers? DESIGN This study uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), a national survey that follows a birth cohort of mostly unwed parents and their children over a 15-year period. The sample was limited to Hispanic (both foreign-born and native-born), non-Hispanic Black mothers, and non-Hispanic White mothers. This yielded a final sample size of 2,636 for all mothers and 665 for Latinx/Hispanic mothers. RESULTS While micro-level factors were influential for food insecurity, they alone could not explain the variation. Social support, a meso-level factor, remained a consistently significant predictor for both adult and child food insecurity, regardless of race/ethnicity. There were also several key differences in predictors across racial/ethnic groups. Being Spanish speaking and mother's health status were only significant for Latinx/Hispanic mothers, and neighborhood support was not significant for Latinx/Hispanic mothers. CONCLUSIONS Drawing from ecological theory, our study explores the micro-, meso-, and exo-/macro-level variables that influence food insecurity. Findings suggest that access to social support is crucial for disadvantaged families avoiding food insecurity, despite race/ethnicity. Still, factors predicting food insecurity may be racialized and should be recognized as such.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola Driver
- Clinton School of Public Service, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Megan Tebbe
- Clinton School of Public Service, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Madeline Burke
- Clinton School of Public Service, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Neveen Shafeek Amin
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, USA
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87
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Buro AW, Crowder SL, Rozen E, Stern M, Carson TL. Lifestyle Interventions with Mind-Body or Stress-Management Practices for Cancer Survivors: A Rapid Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3355. [PMID: 36834048 PMCID: PMC9964062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This rapid review examined current evidence on lifestyle interventions with stress-management or mind-body practices that assessed dietary and/or physical activity outcomes among cancer survivors. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO based on Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group rapid review recommendations using the keywords "diet," "physical activity," "mind-body," "stress," and "intervention." Of the 3624 articles identified from the initial search, 100 full-text articles were screened, and 33 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused on post-treatment cancer survivors and were conducted in-person. Theoretical frameworks were reported for five studies. Only one study was tailored for adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors, and none included pediatric survivors. Nine studies reported race and/or ethnicity; six reported that ≥90% participants were White. Many reported significant findings for diet and/or physical activity-related outcomes, but few used complete, validated dietary intake methods (e.g., 24-h recall; n = 5) or direct measures of physical activity (e.g., accelerometry; n = 4). This review indicated recent progress on evaluating lifestyle interventions with stress-management or mind-body practices for cancer survivors. Larger controlled trials investigating innovative, theory-based, personalized interventions that address stress and health behaviors in cancer survivors-particularly racial/ethnic minority and pediatric and AYA populations-are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acadia W. Buro
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sylvia L. Crowder
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Emily Rozen
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Marilyn Stern
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Child and Family Studies, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Tiffany L. Carson
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Liste G, Estevez I. Phenotype alteration causes long-term changes to the social strategies of victimised birds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2421. [PMID: 36765194 PMCID: PMC9918478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotype alterations can occur naturally during the life span of the domestic fowl. These alterations increase the risk to become a target of aggression and may cause a severe impact on the welfare of affected birds. We analysed the behavioural consequences of sequential phenotype alterations and their long-term effects within stable social groups of adult birds differing in group size. Phenotypically homogeneous groups, with 100% or 0% marked individuals, and heterogeneous groups, with 70%, 50% or 30% marked birds, were housed at constant density in groups of 10, 20 or 40. We applied sequential phenotype alterations to homogeneous groups (by marking or unmarking birds) and compared their behavioural response to heterogeneous groups considered controls. Results show that aggression was greatly affected by phenotype alteration but, unexpectedly, group size did not play any relevant role modulating social responses. Aggression was directed towards the first altered birds and was significantly higher than in control groups. Long term effects were detected, as victimized individuals failed to engage in aggression at any time and adapted their behaviour to minimize aggressive encounters (e.g. high perch use). Therefore, we provide evidence of long-lasting submissive strategies in stable groups of adult domestic fowl, highlighting the relevance of phenotype alteration on the social dynamics of affected birds. Phenotype alterations could help explain much of the targeted aggression observed in producing flocks which severely affects animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiomar Liste
- Neiker, Animal Production Department, P.O. Box 46, 01080, Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Inma Estevez
- Neiker, Animal Production Department, P.O. Box 46, 01080, Vitoria, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5 Plaza Bizkaia, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
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89
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Schubert E, Bode S. Positive emotions and their upregulation increase willingness to consume healthy foods. Appetite 2023; 181:106420. [PMID: 36513297 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While highly relevant for everyday life, it is unclear whether experiencing incidental positive or negative emotional states, and active emotion regulation, influence the weighting of perceived taste and health in food choices. In Experiment 1, we examined two emotion regulation strategies, reappraisal and distraction, used to decrease negative emotions. Participants were cued to experience or decrease their emotional response for either neutral or negative incidental emotion-inducing images. They subsequently rated their willingness to consume foods, which varied in their taste and health attributes. Mixed-effects model analysis showed that compared to neutral, negative emotions decreased willingness to consume, regardless of perceived taste and health, but neither emotion regulation strategy had a significant effect. Experiment 2 used images inducing incidental positive emotions in combination with three emotion regulation strategies: reappraisal, distraction, and increasing positive emotions. Experiencing positive emotions generally increased willingness to consume, with stronger effects for tasty and healthy foods. Decreasing positive emotions via reappraisal decreased willingness to consume, particularly for healthy foods. Increasing positive emotion intensity further increased willingness to consume, with stronger effects for healthy foods. The results suggest that experiencing positive emotions increases desire particularly strongly for healthy foods, which can additionally be modulated via emotion regulation. This has important implications for designing health-related interventions targeting mood improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elektra Schubert
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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90
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Tuluhong M, Han P. Chronic stress is associated with reward and emotion-related eating behaviors in college students. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1025953. [PMID: 36712544 PMCID: PMC9879612 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1025953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stress is related to altered olfactory perception and eating behaviors. The current study investigated the association between chronic stress, food reward and perception of food and non-food odors among college students. Methods Sixty-one participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Brief Daily Stressors Screening Tool (BDSST). The detective threshold and suprathreshold perception (pleasantness, intensity, and familiarity) of two food (chocolate, strawberry) odors and a non-food (rose) odor were measured. Food reward and macronutrient preference were measured using the computerized Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire and the Macronutrient and Taste Preference Ranking task, respectively. Reward-related eating, emotional eating and eating-related inhibitory control were measured by the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and the Reward-Based Eating Drive Scale (RED) scales. Results Neither the perceived stress or the severity of daily life stressor exposure was related to odor sensitivity, however, the PSS score was significantly correlated with pleasantness for strawberry odor (r = 0.329, p = 0.013). Chronic stress (PSS and BDSST scores) was significantly correlated with the DEBQ emotional eating and reward-related eating measured by RED (all ps < 0.01). Moreover, the BDSST score was negatively correlated with subjective liking for low-calorie sweet foods (r = -0.46, p < 0.001). Discussion Together, our preliminary results suggest disassociated effect of chronic stress on odor perception and eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pengfei Han
- Faulty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Pengfei Han,
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91
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Burnatowska E, Wikarek A, Oboza P, Ogarek N, Glinianowicz M, Kocelak P, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M. Emotional Eating and Binge Eating Disorders and Night Eating Syndrome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-A Vicious Circle of Disease: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020295. [PMID: 36678165 PMCID: PMC9865055 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), especially phenotype A. PCOS is an important cause of fertility disorders in a large group of women of reproductive age. For many years, effective methods of treating hormonal disorders associated with PCOS have been sought in order to restore ovulation with regular menstrual cycles. Numerous studies support obesity treatment as an effective therapeutic method for many women. A seemingly simple method of treatment may prove to be particularly difficult in this group of women. The reason for this may be the lack of recognition the primary cause of obesity development or the occurrence of a vicious circle of disease. Primary causes of developing obesity may be emotional eating (EE) and eating disorders (EDs), such as binge eating disorder (BED) and its extreme form, addictive eating, as well as night eating syndrome (NES). All of these are caused by impaired function of the reward system. Consequently, these disorders can develop or be exacerbated in women with obesity and PCOS as a result of depression and anxiety related to hirsutism and fertility disturbances. Therefore, for the effective treatment of obesity, it is very important to recognize and treat EE, BED, and NES, including the appropriate selection of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Therefore, the aim of our manuscript is to analyze the available data on the relationships between EE, BED, NES, obesity, and PCOS and their impact on the treatment of obesity in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Burnatowska
- Students’ Scientific Society at the Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wikarek
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paulina Oboza
- Students’ Scientific Society at the Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Ogarek
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Glinianowicz
- Department of Psychology, Social Sciences, and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, the Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Kocelak
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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92
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Kelmanson IA. [Sleep quality, emotional and behavioral disturbances, and eating behavior in adolescents with obesity: a network analysis-based model]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:95-104. [PMID: 37276005 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312305295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To attempt to identify persistent associations between sleep quality, symptoms of emotional and behavioral disturbances, and characteristics of eating behavior in obese adolescents based on a network analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 194 adolescents, aged 12-17 years (76 girls, 118 boys), with a confirmed diagnosis of obesity due to excess calories (ICD-10 code E66.0). Sleep quality was studied on the basis of the Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale (ASWS), emotional and behavioral disturbances were assessed with the Achenbach Youth Self-Report for Ages 11-18 (YSR), eating behavior - with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Network analysis was used to identify the most significant and stable associations between the studied indicators. RESULTS The association of poor sleep quality with manifestations of disinhibited behavior in the form of violations of the rules of behavior, aggressiveness, and impaired attention was revealed. Positive correlations between the manifestations of disinhibited behavior (primarily, rule-breaking behavior) and emotional eating behavior, which, in turn, had a positive relationship with external and a negative relationship with restrictive eating behavior, were noted. The disinhibited adolescent behavior is linked with uncontrolled food intake, which can contribute to the development of obesity. CONCLUSION Impaired sleep quality, symptoms of emotional and behavioral disorders, and eating disorders in obese adolescents present a stable and specific clinical pattern that should be taken into account when justifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Kelmanson
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State Institute for Psychology and Social Work, St. Petersburg, Russia
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93
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Real-World Intake of Dietary Sugars Is Associated with Reduced Cortisol Reactivity Following an Acute Physiological Stressor. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010209. [PMID: 36615866 PMCID: PMC9823716 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing academic and clinical interest in understanding the nature of the relation between diet and response to stress exposure as a risk factor for mental illness. Cross-species evidence shows that conditions of chronic and acute stress increase the intake of, and preference for, caloric-dense palatable foods, a phenomenon thought to be explained by the mitigating effects of comfort foods on the activity of the stress-response network. It is largely unknown whether and how real-world dietary intake of saturated fat and sugars impacts stress responsivity in humans. Therefore, here we examined whether real-world dietary intake of saturated fat and sugars predicted salivary cortisol reactivity following an acute physiological stressor. Multilevel modelling of four salivary cortisol measures collected up to 65 min after the stressor on 54 participants (18-49 years old) were analyzed using a quadratic growth curve model. Sugar intake significantly predicted a weaker cortisol response following the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) controlling for BMI and gender, revealing an inhibitory effect of caloric-dense diets on cortisol reactivity to stress. As the consumption of sugar rose individuals had lower post-stressor cortisol levels, a smaller rate of increase in cortisol 20 and 35 min after the CPT, a lower cortisol peak, and an overall weaker quadratic effect. These observations add to a growing body of evidence reporting suppressive effects of high-energy foods on stress-associated glucocorticoids reactivity and are consistent with the comfort food hypothesis, where people are seen as motivated to eat palatable foods to alleviate the detrimental repercussions of stressor exposure.
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94
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Mindful eating for weight loss in women with obesity: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36529854 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mindful eating (ME) has been linked to improvement in binge eating disorder, but this approach in obesity management has shown conflicting results. Our aim was to assess the effect of ME associated with moderate energy restriction (MER) on weight loss in women with obesity. Metabolic parameters, dietary assessment, eating behaviour, depression, anxiety and stress were also evaluated. A total of 138 women with obesity were randomly assigned to three intervention groups: ME associated with MER (ME + MER), MER and ME, and they were followed up monthly for 6 months. ME + MER joined seven monthly mindfulness-based intervention group sessions each lasting 90 min and received an individualised food plan with MER (deficit of 2092 kJ/d - 500 kcal/d). MER received an individualised food plan with MER (deficit of 2092 kJ/d - 500 kcal/d), and ME joined seven monthly mindfulness-based intervention group sessions each lasting 90 min. Seventy patients completed the intervention. Weight loss was significant, but no statistically significant difference was found between the groups. There was a greater reduction in uncontrolled eating in the ME group than in the MER group and a greater reduction in emotional eating in the ME group than in both the MER and the ME + MER groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the other variables evaluated between groups. The association between ME with energy restriction did not promote greater weight loss than ME or MER.
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95
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Zhang K, Guhn M, Conklin AI. Association between social jetlag and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in adolescents in Western Canada. Eur J Public Health 2022; 33:287-292. [PMID: 36478224 PMCID: PMC10066488 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sleep debt is linked to poor health behaviours, and adolescents may be especially vulnerable to deficit from the mismatch of their late chronotype with socially determined sleep timing. We aimed to investigate the potential association between social jetlag and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption among adolescents.
Methods
Cross-sectional data from 1031 adolescents (13–18 years) who participated in the population-based British Columbia Adolescent Substance Use Survey in 2012. Regression analysis using interaction terms estimated the associations between social jetlag (using self-reported weekday/weekends sleep times) and odds of SSB intake in girls and boys.
Results
On average, adolescents reported 1.59 (SD 0.73) hours of social jetlag, but girls had significantly more social jetlag (1.64) than boys (1.52). Most adolescents (84%) reported consuming SSBs, and significantly more boys (87%) than girls (81%); median SSB intake in boys was 1–2 times per week and in girls less than once per week. Significant differences in girls consuming any SSB were seen across levels of social jetlag. The odds of any SSB intake were significantly higher in adolescents with social jetlag between 1 and 2 h [odds ratio (OR): 1.6 (1.14–2.38)] and over 2 h [OR 1.87 (1.11–3.14)], compared with 1 h or less; associations were stronger and only significant in girls.
Conclusions
This study is the first to show social jetlag is a common sleep deficit that is associated with SSB intake in adolescents, particularly among teen girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Guhn
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annalijn I Conklin
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Research Institute , Vancouver, BC, Canada
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96
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Sarsangi P, Sasanfar B, Dehghani F, Nadjarzadeh A, Esmaillzadeh A, Salehi-Abargouei A, Mirzaei M. Substituting whole grains for refined grains and risk of developing psychological disorders in Iranian adults: YaHS and TAMYZ studies. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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97
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Christensen SM, Varney C, Gupta V, Wenz L, Bays HE. Stress, psychiatric disease, and obesity: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 4:100041. [PMID: 37990662 PMCID: PMC10662113 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statements (CPS) included topics such as behavior modification, motivational interviewing, and eating disorders, as well as the effect of concomitant medications on weight gain/reduction (i.e., including psychiatric medications). This OMA CPS provides clinicians a more focused overview of stress and psychiatric disease as they relate to obesity. Methods The scientific support for this CPS is based upon published citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results Topics in this CPS include the relationship between psychological stress and obesity, including both acute and chronic stress. Additionally, this CPS describes the neurobiological pathways regarding stress and addiction-like eating behavior and explores the relationship between psychiatric disease and obesity, with an overview of psychiatric medications and their potential effects on weight gain and weight reduction. Conclusions This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on stress and psychiatric disease is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of obesity. Knowledge of stress, addiction-like eating behavior, psychiatric disease, and effects of psychiatric medications on body weight may improve the care obesity medicine clinicians provide to their patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Christensen
- Integrative Medical Weight Management, 2611 NE 125th St., Suite 100B, Seattle, WA, 98125, USA
| | - Catherine Varney
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia Bariatric Surgery, PO BOX 800729, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- 510 N Prospect Suite 301, Redondo Beach, California, 90277, USA
| | - Lori Wenz
- St. Mary's Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Clinic, 2440 N 11th St, Grand Junction, CO, 81501, USA
- Comprehensive Weight Management, Cayucos, CA, USA
| | - Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
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Vaghef-Mehrabani E, Wang Y, Zinman J, Beharaj G, van de Wouw M, Lebel C, Tomfohr-Madsen L, Giesbrecht GF. Dietary changes among pregnant individuals compared to pre-pandemic: A cross-sectional analysis of the Pregnancy during the COVID-19 Pandemic (PdP) study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:997236. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.997236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDietary changes are common in pregnancy and may affect pregnancy outcomes, yet these changes and the associated contributory factors during the COVID-19 pandemic have been understudied. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary change and socioeconomic variables, pre-pregnancy BMI, and mental health symptoms; the change in intake of seven food categories and their reasons; and the association between intake of these food categories and mental health symptoms.Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional analysis, we used data from the Pregnancy during the COVID-19 Pandemic (PdP) cohort study that collected data from pregnant Canadian individuals (n = 9,870, gestational age ≤ 35 weeks) on socioeconomic factors, pandemic-related hardships, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), dietary changes compared to pre-pandemic and the reasons for these changes. We assessed depressive and anxiety symptoms using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Anxiety, respectively.Results54.3% of the participants reported a change in their diet. Non-white ethnicity (OR = 1.33), job loss (OR = 1.29), clinically elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.26 and 1.14, respectively), self-isolation (OR = 1.20), pre-pregnancy BMI (OR = 1.19), fear of COVID-19 (OR = 1.15), and pandemic phase at enrolment (OR = 0.90) significantly predicted dietary change. Most participants ate about the same amounts of dairy, meats and canned foods/dried goods as pre-pandemic (61.5, 61.7, and 60.2%, respectively), increased their intake of fresh vegetables/fruits and sweets/snacks (43.2 and 54.5%, respectively), and decreased fast-food and take-out/home delivery (53.2 and 43.1%, respectively). Changes in consumption of the food categories had a curvilinear association with mental health symptoms (except resilience) indicating greater symptoms with either decreased or increased intakes. Changes in craving, having more time for cooking/preparing foods, and being unable to go grocery shopping frequently (but not reduced affordability) were the main reasons driving these dietary changes.ConclusionSome factors increase the odds of dietary change among pregnant individuals during the pandemic, with some changes toward a healthy and others toward an unhealthy diet. Given the importance of a healthy diet during gestation, identifying the risk and protective factors might be the first essential step in reducing the detrimental effects of unfavorable dietary changes during the pandemic on this vulnerable population.
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Chiu DT, Hamlat EJ, Leung CW, Epel ES, Laraia BA. Childhood stress and midlife depression in women: the influence of diet quality. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 25:2668-2679. [PMID: 34844523 PMCID: PMC9149146 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2005994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE How does diet quality (DQ) moderate associations between serious childhood stress exposures and adult depression? METHODS We analyzed a cohort of Californian women at midlife (N=382; age 36-42). Serious childhood stress was defined as high perceived stress during childhood or adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and/or household substance abuse. Women were dichotomized by current depression risk (high/low). The Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010 measured current DQ from 3-day food records. Interactions between childhood stress exposures and DQ indices were tested one-by-one in multivariable Poisson regression models. RESULTS Depression risks associated with endorsing all 3 ACEs differed by HEI and AHEI scores, as did risks associated with endorsing high perceived stress, physical abuse, and sexual abuse by AHEI. Where DQ moderated stress-depression associations, predicted prevalences of high depression risk did not vary with DQ among women endorsing the particular childhood stressors. However, among non-endorsing women, predicted high depression risk prevalences were significantly lower with higher DQ compared to in their stress-exposed counterparts - e.g. at the 90th AHEI percentile, depression prevalences were ∼20% among 'non-childhood-stressed' women versus 48.8% (high perceived stress, sexual abuse), 52.0% (physical abuse), and 73.0% (3 ACEs) in 'childhood-stressed' women. CONCLUSIONS Higher current DQ, particularly as aligned with chronic disease prevention guidelines, predicts lower depression risk in women with low childhood adversity. DQ did not buffer depression risk in women with high childhood stress. Further research is warranted to examine persistent pathways of depression risk and diet's role within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy T Chiu
- Community Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elissa J Hamlat
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cindy W Leung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A Laraia
- Community Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Gouvêa VN, Cooke RF, Marques RS. Impacts of stress-induced inflammation on feed intake of beef cattle. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.962748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock animals are often exposed to unavoidable stressful situations during their productive life that triggers stress-induced inflammatory responses, which are known to influence their nutrient requirements and feed intake. Decreased growth performance and immunocompetence of stressed livestock are often the main consequence of reduced feed intake. Because feed intake is usually reduced in animals experiencing stress conditions, concentrations of certain nutrients in the diets typically need to be increased to meet the requirements of the animals. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that control feed intake in animals experiencing stress-induced inflammation is essential for increasing intake, milk or meat production, feed efficiency, and animal health. This review highlights the hormones regulating feed intake in ruminants and how stress-induced inflammation affect these hormones at local and systemic levels. The mechanism of feed intake regulation in ruminants is extremely complex and involves multiple controls. The liver is an important sensor of energy status in animals under homeostatic conditions, which transmits signals to brain feeding centers that modulate appetite. However, the physiologic consequences associated with different stressors will rearrange the hierarchy of mechanisms controlling feed intake compared to animals under homeostatic conditions, and other tissues (e.g., intestines), systems (e.g., endocrine and lymphatic) hormones (e.g., leptin and ghrelin) will directly affect intake regulation during stress and inflammatory conditions. It is suggested that the immune system can interact with the central nervous system to modulate feed intake. As example, stress events elicit numerous stressors that increase circulating proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8, and acute-phase proteins (APP), and the magnitude of these responses are negatively correlated with feed intake. A direct effect of these cytokines on rumen microbial fermentation and intestinal barrier function was also reported and might indirectly affect intake regulation in ruminants. This review describes the main hormones and proinflammatory cytokines involved in stress-induced inflammation and how they can directly or indirectly affect intake regulation in ruminants. Understanding the mechanisms controlling feed intake in ruminants will help producers to implement management and feed strategies to optimize productivity and profitability in stressed livestock species.
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