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Tadepalle N, Rugarli EI. Lipid Droplets in the Pathogenesis of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:673977. [PMID: 34041268 PMCID: PMC8141572 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.673977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetically heterogeneous conditions caused by the progressive dying back of the longest axons in the central nervous system, the corticospinal axons. A wealth of data in the last decade has unraveled disturbances of lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis, maturation, turnover and contact sites in cellular and animal models with perturbed expression and function of HSP proteins. As ubiquitous organelles that segregate neutral lipid into a phospholipid monolayer, LDs are at the cross-road of several processes including lipid metabolism and trafficking, energy homeostasis, and stress signaling cascades. However, their role in brain cells, especially in neurons remains enigmatic. Here, we review experimental findings linking LD abnormalities to defective function of proteins encoded by HSP genes, and discuss arising questions in the context of the pathogenesis of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimesha Tadepalle
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elena I Rugarli
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC),Cologne, Germany
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52
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Fernández-Irigoyen J, Cartas-Cejudo P, Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta M, Santamaría E. Alteration in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Lipidome in Parkinson's Disease: A Post-Mortem Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:491. [PMID: 33946950 PMCID: PMC8146703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is clearly associated to Parkinson's disease (PD). Although lipid homeostasis has been widely studied in multiple animal and cellular models, as well as in blood derived from PD individuals, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipidomic profile in PD remains largely unexplored. In this study, we characterized the post-mortem CSF lipidomic imbalance between neurologically intact controls (n = 10) and PD subjects (n = 20). The combination of dual extraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-qToF-MS/MS) allowed for the monitoring of 257 lipid species across all samples. Complementary multivariate and univariate data analysis identified that glycerolipids (mono-, di-, and triacylglycerides), saturated and mono/polyunsaturated fatty acids, primary fatty amides, glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines), sphingolipids (ceramides, sphingomyelins), N-acylethanolamines and sterol lipids (cholesteryl esters, steroids) were significantly increased in the CSF of PD compared to the control group. Interestingly, CSF lipid dyshomeostasis differed depending on neuropathological staging and disease duration. These results, despite the limitation of being obtained in a small population, suggest extensive CSF lipid remodeling in PD, shedding new light on the deployment of CSF lipidomics as a promising tool to identify potential lipid markers as well as discriminatory lipid species between PD and other atypical parkinsonisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (P.C.-C.)
| | - Paz Cartas-Cejudo
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (P.C.-C.)
| | | | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (P.C.-C.)
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53
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Bouza M, Li Y, Wang AC, Wang ZL, Fernández FM. Triboelectric Nanogenerator Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for In-Depth Lipid Annotation. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5468-5475. [PMID: 33720699 PMCID: PMC8292975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play a critical role in cell membrane integrity, signaling, and energy storage. However, in-depth structural characterization of lipids is still challenging and not routinely possible in lipidomics experiments. Techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), ion mobility (IM) spectrometry, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography are not yet capable of fully characterizing double-bond and sn-chain position of lipids in a high-throughput manner. Herein, we report on the ability to structurally characterize lipids using large-area triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) coupled with time-aligned parallel (TAP) fragmentation IM-MS analysis. Gas-phase lipid epoxidation during TENG ionization, coupled to mobility-resolved MS3 via TAP IM-MS, enabled the acquisition of detailed information on the presence and position of lipid C═C double bonds, the fatty acyl sn-chain position and composition, and the cis/trans geometrical C═C isomerism. The proposed methodology proved useful for the shotgun lipidomics analysis of lipid extracts from biological samples, enabling the detailed annotation of numerous lipid isobars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Bouza
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yafeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Aurelia C Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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54
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Gonçalves WA, Ferreira RCM, Rezende BM, Mahecha GAB, Gualdron M, de Macedo FHP, Duarte IDG, Perez AC, Machado FS, Cruz JS, Romero TRL. Endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems modulate the muscle pain: A pharmacological study into the peripheral site. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 901:174089. [PMID: 33826922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The participation of the peripheral opioid and cannabinoid endogenous systems in modulating muscle pain and inflammation has not been fully explored. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of these endogenous systems during muscular-tissue hyperalgesia induced by inflammation. Hyperalgesia was induced by carrageenan injection into the tibialis anterior muscles of male Wistar rats. We padronized an available Randal-Sellito test adaptation to evaluate nociceptive behavior elicited by mechanical insult in muscles. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression levels of opioid and cannabinoid receptors in the dorsal root ganglia. The non-selective opioid peptide receptor antagonist (naloxone) and the selective mu opioid receptor MOP (clocinnamox) and kappa opioid receptor KOP (nor-binaltorphimine) antagonists were able to intensify carrageenan-induced muscular hyperalgesia. On the other hand, the selective delta opioid receptor (DOP) antagonist (naltrindole) did not present any effect on nociceptive behavior. Moreover, the selective inhibitor of aminopeptidases (Bestatin) provoked considerable dose-dependent analgesia when intramuscularly injected into the hyperalgesic muscle. The CB1 receptor antagonist (AM251), but not the CB2 receptor antagonist (AM630), intensified muscle hyperalgesia. All irreversible inhibitors of anandamide hydrolase (MAFP), the inhibitor for monoacylglycerol lipase (JZL184) and the anandamide reuptake inhibitor (VDM11) decreased carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia in muscular tissue. Lastly, MOP, KOP and CB1 expression levels in DRG were baseline even after muscular injection with carrageenan. The endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems participate in peripheral muscle pain control through the activation of MOP, KOP and CB1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Gonçalves
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata C M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Barbara M Rezende
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - German A B Mahecha
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Melissa Gualdron
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio H P de Macedo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Igor D G Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiana S Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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55
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Liu Y, Song X, Liu X, Pu J, Gui S, Xu S, Tian L, Zhong X, Zhao L, Wang H, Liu L, Xu G, Xie P. Alteration of lipids and amino acids in plasma distinguish schizophrenia patients from controls: A targeted metabolomics study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 75:138-144. [PMID: 33421228 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a serious psychiatric disorder. Metabolite disturbance is an important pathogenic factor in schizophrenic patients. In this study, we aim to identify plasma lipid and amino acid biomarkers for SCZ using targeted metabolomics. METHODS Plasma from 76 SCZ patients and 50 matched controls were analyzed using the LC/MS-based multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) metabolomics approach. A total of 182 targeted metabolites, including 22 amino acids and 160 lipids or lipid-related metabolites were observed. We used binary logistic regression analysis to determine whether the lipid and amino acid biomarkers could discriminate SCZ patients from controls. The area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the biomarkers panel. RESULTS We identified 19 significantly differentially expressed metabolites between the SCZ patients and the controls (false discovery rate < 0.05), including one amino acid and 18 lipids or lipid-related metabolites. The binary logistic regression-selected panel showed good diagnostic performance in the drug-naïve group (AUC = 0.936) and all SCZ patients (AUC = 0.948), especially in the drug-treated group (AUC = 0.963). CONCLUSIONS Plasma lipids and amino acids showed significant dysregulation in SCZ, which could effectively discriminate SCZ patients from controls. The LC/MS/MS-based approach provides reliable data for the objective diagnosis of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemian Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siwen Gui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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56
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Nessel I, Michael-Titus AT. Lipid profiling of brain tissue and blood after traumatic brain injury. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 112:145-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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57
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García-Viñuales S, Sciacca MFM, Lanza V, Santoro AM, Grasso G, Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Coletta M, Grasso G, La Rosa C, Milardi D. The interplay between lipid and Aβ amyloid homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease: risk factors and therapeutic opportunities. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 236:105072. [PMID: 33675779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Diseases (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits of Aβ peptide in the brain. Besides genetic background, the presence of other diseases and an unhealthy lifestyle are known risk factors for AD development. Albeit accumulating clinical evidence suggests that an impaired lipid metabolism is related to Aβ deposition, mechanistic insights on the link between amyloid fibril formation/clearance and aberrant lipid interactions are still unavailable. Recently, many studies have described the key role played by membrane bound Aβ assemblies in neurotoxicity. Moreover, it has been suggested that a derangement of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and autophagy is significantly correlated with toxic Aβ aggregation and dysregulation of lipid levels. Thus, studies focusing on the role played by lipids in Aβ aggregation and proteostasis could represent a promising area of investigation for the design of valuable treatments. In this review we examine current knowledge concerning the effects of lipids in Aβ aggregation and degradation processes, focusing on the therapeutic opportunities that a comprehensive understanding of all biophysical, biochemical, and biological processes involved may disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele F M Sciacca
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Lanza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Santoro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Grasso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia, Catania, Italy.
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58
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Yamamoto Y, Owada Y. Possible involvement of fatty acid binding proteins in psychiatric disorders. Anat Sci Int 2021; 96:333-342. [PMID: 33604770 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for brain development and function. Increasing evidence has shown that an imbalance of PUFAs is associated with various human psychiatric disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of PUFAs on brain functions at cellular and molecular levels remain unclear. Since PUFAs are insoluble in water, specific transporters are required to deliver PUFAs to appropriate intracellular compartments. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), the cellular chaperones of PUFAs, are involved in PUFA intracellular trafficking, signal transduction, and gene transcription. Therefore, we focused on the relationship between FABP-regulated PUFA homeostasis in the brain and neuronal plasticity. The authors previously reported that FABP3, which preferentially binds to n-6 PUFAs, is strongly expressed in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) inhibitory interneurons of the adult mouse anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is a component of the limbic cortex and is important for the coordination of cognitive and emotional behaviors. Interestingly, Fabp3 KO mice show increased GABA synthesis and abnormal excitatory/inhibitory balance in the ACC. In addition, studies have indicated that FABP7, which preferentially binds to n-3 PUFAs, controls lipid raft function in astrocytes, and astrocytic Fabp7 deficiency results in an altered response of astrocytes to external stimuli. Furthermore, Fabp7 KO mice exhibit aberrant dendritic morphology, and decreased spine density and excitatory synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons. This review summarizes relationship between PUFAs or FABPs and human psychiatric disorders and discusses recent progress in elucidating the function of FABPs, especially FABP3 and 7, in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan. .,Department of Anatomy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Fukumuro Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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59
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Sagheddu C, Torres LH, Marcourakis T, Pistis M. Endocannabinoid-Like Lipid Neuromodulators in the Regulation of Dopamine Signaling: Relevance for Drug Addiction. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 12:588660. [PMID: 33424577 PMCID: PMC7786397 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.588660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of lipid neuromodulators has been rapidly growing, as the use of different -omics techniques led to the discovery of a large number of naturally occurring N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and N-acyl amino acids belonging to the complex lipid signaling system termed endocannabinoidome. These molecules exert a variety of biological activities in the central nervous system, as they modulate physiological processes in neurons and glial cells and are involved in the pathophysiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Their effects on dopamine cells have attracted attention, as dysfunctions of dopamine systems characterize a range of psychiatric disorders, i.e., schizophrenia and substance use disorders (SUD). While canonical endocannabinoids are known to regulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs impinging on dopamine cells and modulate several dopamine-mediated behaviors, such as reward and addiction, the effects of other lipid neuromodulators are far less clear. Here, we review the emerging role of endocannabinoid-like neuromodulators in dopamine signaling, with a focus on non-cannabinoid N-acylethanolamines and their receptors. Mounting evidence suggests that these neuromodulators contribute to modulate synaptic transmission in dopamine regions and might represent a target for novel medications in alcohol and nicotine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sagheddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Larissa Helena Torres
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Pistis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Section of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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60
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Milbeck SM, Bhattacharya SK. Alteration in Lysophospholipids and Converting Enzymes in Glaucomatous Optic Nerves. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:60. [PMID: 32602905 PMCID: PMC7415893 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether lysophospholipid (LPL) profiles and corresponding conversion enzymes in the LPL pathways are altered in the optic nerve (ON) between human control and glaucoma samples. Methods Lipids extracted from control (n = 11) and glaucomatous (n = 12) ON samples using the Bligh and Dyer method were subjected to high-resolution mass spectrometry on a Q-exactive mass spectrometer coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography (Accela 600) system. Analysis was performed for LPLs (lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylserines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylinositols, and lysosphingomyelines) using LipidSearch v.4.1, MZmine v.2.0, and MetaboAnalyst v.4.0. LPL synthesis and degradation pathway maps, utilizing UniProt and BRENDA database entries as needed, were created using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)-based tools. The mRNA expression level in normal and glaucomatous human ON were analyzed using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) entry GSE45570. Protein amounts were determined using PHAST gel and dot blot and were used for normalization of protein amounts across samples. Western blot, ELISA, and protein quantification were performed using established protocols. Results Principal component analysis of ON LPL profile placed control and glaucomatous ONs in two distinct separate groups. Mass spectrometric analysis of ON revealed decrease in lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and significant increase in diacylglycerol in glaucomatous ON. Statistical analysis of LPL conversion enzymes revealed significant overexpression of phosphatidate phosphatase LPIN2, phospholipid phosphatase 3, phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase, and calcium-dependent phospholipase 2, and significant downregulation of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4 at mRNA level in glaucomatous ON. Western blot and ELISA confirmed proteomic differences between normal and diseased ON. Conclusions Our analysis revealed alterations in specific LPL levels and corresponding select enzyme-level changes in glaucomatous ON.
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61
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Chaichi A, Hasan SMA, Mehta N, Donnarumma F, Ebenezer P, Murray KK, Francis J, Gartia MR. Label-free lipidome study of paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) of rat brain with post-traumatic stress injury by Raman imaging. Analyst 2021; 146:170-183. [PMID: 33135036 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01615b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a widespread psychiatric injury that develops serious life-threatening symptoms like substance abuse, severe depression, cognitive impairments, and persistent anxiety. However, the mechanisms of post-traumatic stress injury in brain are poorly understood due to the lack of practical methods to reveal biochemical alterations in various brain regions affected by this type of injury. Here, we introduce a novel method that provides quantitative results from Raman maps in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) region. By means of this approach, we have shown a lipidome comparison in PVT regions of control and PTSD rat brains. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry was also employed for validation of the Raman results. Lipid alterations can reveal invaluable information regarding the PTSD mechanisms in affected regions of brain. We have showed that the concentration of cholesterol, cholesteryl palmitate, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, ganglioside, glyceryl tripalmitate and sulfatide changes in the PVT region of PTSD compared to control rats. A higher concentration of cholesterol suggests a higher level of corticosterone in the brain. Moreover, concentration changes of phospholipids and sphingolipids suggest the alteration of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) which is associated with inflammatory processes in the brain. Our results have broadened the understanding of biomolecular mechanisms for PTSD in the PVT region of the brain. This is the first report regarding the application of Raman spectroscopy for PTSD studies. This method has a wide spectrum of applications and can be applied to various other brain related disorders or other regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Chaichi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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62
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Chakraborty A, Hegde S, Praharaj SK, Prabhu K, Patole C, Shetty AK, Mayya SS, Acharya RV, Hande HM, Prabhu MM, Upadhya D. Age Related Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in the Indian Population and Association of Serum Lipids With Cognitive Dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:798652. [PMID: 35035379 PMCID: PMC8758578 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.798652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is ever-increasing in India, and at present, ~77 million people live with diabetes. Studies have established that T2DM increases the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to determine the age-related prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in T2DM patients in the Indian population and to identify link between cognitive dysfunction in T2DM patients and serum lipid composition through untargeted and targeted lipidomic studies. Using a cross-sectional study, we evaluated 1278 T2DM patients with Montreal cognitive assessment test (MoCA) and digit symbol substitution test (DSST) for cognitive functions. As per MoCA, the prevalences of MCI in T2DM patients in age groups below 40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80 and 81-90 years were 13.7, 20.5, 33.5, 43.7, 57.1 and 75% with DSST scores of 45.8, 41.7, 34.4, 30.5, 24.2 and 18.8% respectively. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed serum HbA1c ≥ 7.51, duration of T2DM over 20 years, age above 41 years, and females were independent contributors for cognitive dysfunction in T2DM patients. Preliminary studies with untargeted lipidomics of the serum from 20 T2DM patients, including MCI and normal cognition (NC) group, identified a total of 646 lipids. Among the identified lipids, 33 lipids were significantly different between MCI and NC group, which comprised of triglycerides (TGs, 14), sphingolipids (SL, 11), and phosphatidylcholines (PC, 5). Importantly, 10 TGs and 3 PCs containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were lower, while 8 sphingolipids were increased in the MCI group. Since brain-derived sphingolipids are known to get enriched in the serum, we further quantified sphingolipids from the same 20 serum samples through targeted lipidomic analysis, which identified a total of 173 lipids. Quantitation revealed elevation of 3 species of ceramides, namely Cer (d18:1_24:1), Hex1Cer (d16:0_22:6), and Hex2Cer (d28:1) in the MCI group compared to the NC group of T2DM patients. Overall, this study demonstrated an age-related prevalence of MCI in T2DM patients and highlighted reduced levels of several species of PUFA containing TGs and PCs and increased levels of specific ceramides in T2DM patients exhibiting MCI. Large-scale lipidomic studies in future could help understand the cognitive dysfunction domain in T2DM patients, while studies with preclinical models are required to understand the functional significance of the identified lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chakraborty
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sumukha Hegde
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Samir K. Praharaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Krishnananda Prabhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Chhaya Patole
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Institute For Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms Campus, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical (A&M) Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical (A&M) Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Shreemathi S. Mayya
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raviraj V. Acharya
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - H. Manjunath Hande
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - M. Mukhyaprana Prabhu
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- *Correspondence: Dinesh Upadhya, ; M. Mukhyaprana Prabhu,
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- *Correspondence: Dinesh Upadhya, ; M. Mukhyaprana Prabhu,
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63
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Yi Y, Lin Y, Han J, Lee HJ, Park N, Nam G, Park YS, Lee YH, Lim MH. Impact of sphingosine and acetylsphingosines on the aggregation and toxicity of metal-free and metal-treated amyloid-β. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2456-2466. [PMID: 34164011 PMCID: PMC8179336 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04366d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological shifts in the cerebral levels of sphingolipids in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients suggest a link between sphingolipid metabolism and the disease pathology. Sphingosine (SP), a structural backbone of sphingolipids, is an amphiphilic molecule that is able to undergo aggregation into micelles and micellar aggregates. Considering its structural properties and cellular localization, we hypothesized that SP potentially interacts with amyloid-β (Aβ) and metal ions that are found as pathological components in AD-affected brains, with manifesting its reactivity towards metal-free Aβ and metal-bound Aβ (metal–Aβ). Herein, we report, for the first time, that SP is capable of interacting with both Aβ and metal ions and consequently affects the aggregation of metal-free Aβ and metal–Aβ. Moreover, incubation of SP with Aβ in the absence and presence of metal ions results in the aggravation of toxicity induced by metal-free Aβ and metal–Aβ in living cells. As the simplest acyl derivatives of SP, N-acetylsphingosine and 3-O-acetylsphingosine also influence metal-free Aβ and metal–Aβ aggregation to different degrees, compared to SP. Such slight structural modifications of SP neutralize its ability to exacerbate the cytotoxicity triggered by metal-free Aβ and metal–Aβ. Notably, the reactivity of SP and the acetylsphingosines towards metal-free Aβ and metal–Aβ is determined to be dependent on their formation of micelles and micellar aggregates. Our overall studies demonstrate that SP and its derivatives could directly interact with pathological factors in AD and modify their pathogenic properties at concentrations below and above critical aggregation concentrations. The reactivity of sphingosine and acetylsphingosines towards both metal-free and metal-treated amyloid-β is demonstrated showing a correlation of their micellization properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelim Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Ochang Chungbuk 28119 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Han
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University Gongju 32588 Republic of Korea
| | - Nahye Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Young S Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Ochang Chungbuk 28119 Republic of Korea .,Research Headquarters, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) Daegu 41068 Republic of Korea.,Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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64
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Jin X, Demere Z, Nair K, Ali A, Ferraro GB, Natoli T, Deik A, Petronio L, Tang AA, Zhu C, Wang L, Rosenberg D, Mangena V, Roth J, Chung K, Jain RK, Clish CB, Vander Heiden MG, Golub TR. A metastasis map of human cancer cell lines. Nature 2020; 588:331-336. [PMID: 33299191 PMCID: PMC8439149 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most deaths from cancer are explained by metastasis, and yet large-scale metastasis research has been impractical owing to the complexity of in vivo models. Here we introduce an in vivo barcoding strategy that is capable of determining the metastatic potential of human cancer cell lines in mouse xenografts at scale. We validated the robustness, scalability and reproducibility of the method and applied it to 500 cell lines1,2 spanning 21 types of solid tumour. We created a first-generation metastasis map (MetMap) that reveals organ-specific patterns of metastasis, enabling these patterns to be associated with clinical and genomic features. We demonstrate the utility of MetMap by investigating the molecular basis of breast cancers capable of metastasizing to the brain—a principal cause of death in patients with this type of cancer. Breast cancers capable of metastasizing to the brain showed evidence of altered lipid metabolism. Perturbation of lipid metabolism in these cells curbed brain metastasis development, suggesting a therapeutic strategy to combat the disease and demonstrating the utility of MetMap as a resource to support metastasis research. A method in which pooled barcoded human cancer cell lines are injected into a mouse xenograft model enables simultaneous mapping of the metastatic potential of multiple cell lines, and shows that breast cancer cells that metastasize to the brain have altered lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Karthik Nair
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gino B Ferraro
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ted Natoli
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lia Petronio
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Tang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cong Zhu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Vamsi Mangena
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Roth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kwanghun Chung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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65
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Staps P, Rizzo WB, Vaz FM, Bugiani M, Giera M, Heijs B, van Kampen AHC, Pras‐Raves ML, Breur M, Groen A, Ferdinandusse S, van der Graaf M, Van Goethem G, Lammens M, Wevers RA, Willemsen MAAP. Disturbed brain ether lipid metabolism and histology in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:1265-1278. [PMID: 32557630 PMCID: PMC7689726 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare neurometabolic syndrome caused by deficient fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Patients exhibit intellectual disability, spastic paraplegia, and ichthyosis. The accumulation of fatty alcohols and fatty aldehydes has been demonstrated in plasma and skin but never in brain. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy studies, however, have shown an abundant lipid peak in the white matter of patients with SLS, suggesting lipid accumulation in the brain as well. Using histopathology, mass spectrometry imaging, and lipidomics, we studied the morphology and the lipidome of a postmortem brain of a 65-year-old female patient with genetically confirmed SLS and compared the results with a matched control brain. Histopathological analyses revealed structural white matter abnormalities with the presence of small lipid droplets, deficient myelin, and astrogliosis. Biochemically, severely disturbed lipid profiles were found in both white and gray matter of the SLS brain, with accumulation of fatty alcohols and ether lipids. Particularly, long-chain unsaturated ether lipid species accumulated, most prominently in white matter. Also, there was a striking accumulation of odd-chain fatty alcohols and odd-chain ether(phospho)lipids. Our results suggest that the central nervous system involvement in SLS is caused by the accumulation of fatty alcohols leading to a disbalance between ether lipid and glycero(phospho)lipid metabolism resulting in a profoundly disrupted brain lipidome. Our data show that SLS is not a pure leukoencephalopathy, but also a gray matter disease. Additionally, the histopathological abnormalities suggest that astrocytes and microglia might play a pivotal role in the underlying disease mechanism, possibly contributing to the impairment of myelin maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pippa Staps
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud university medical center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenNetherlands
| | - William B. Rizzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research InstituteUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Frédéric M. Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics & MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Bram Heijs
- Center for Proteomics & MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Antoine H. C. van Kampen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamNetherlands
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Mia L. Pras‐Raves
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismAmsterdamNetherlands
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Annemieke Groen
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Marinette van der Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical CenterAmalia Children's HospitalNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Gert Van Goethem
- Het GielsBos, Gierle, Belgium and Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of Antwerp (UZA)AntwerpBelgium
- Department of Pathology Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, and Laboratory of Neuropathology, Born‐Bunge InstituteUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Martin Lammens
- Department of Pathology Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, and Laboratory of Neuropathology, Born‐Bunge InstituteUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic LaboratoryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Michèl A. A. P. Willemsen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud university medical center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenNetherlands
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66
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Blank M, Hopf C. Spatially resolved mass spectrometry analysis of amyloid plaque-associated lipids. J Neurochem 2020; 159:330-342. [PMID: 33048341 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, considerable technical advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based bioanalysis have enabled the investigation of lipid signatures in neuropathological structures. In Alzheimer´s Disease (AD) research, it is now well accepted that lipid dysregulation plays a key role in AD pathogenesis and progression. This review summarizes current MS-based strategies, notably MALDI and ToF-SIMS imaging as well as laser capture microdissection combined with LC-ESI-MS. It also presents recent advances to assess lipid alterations associated with Amyloid-β plaques, one of the hallmarks of AD. Collectively, these methodologies offer new opportunities for the study of lipids, thus pushing forward our understanding of their role in such a complex and still untreatable disease as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Blank
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Structural Molecular Biology (CEBIME/PROPESQ), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
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67
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Palese F, Pontis S, Realini N, Piomelli D. NAPE-specific phospholipase D regulates LRRK2 association with neuronal membranes. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 90:217-238. [PMID: 33706934 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are glycerophospholipid precursors for bioactive lipid amides and potential regulators of membrane function. They are hydrolyzed by NAPE-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) and have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Here, we used siRNA-mediated silencing of NAPE-PLD in human SH-SY5Y cells and NAPE-PLD-/- mice to determine whether NAPEs influence the membrane association of LRRK2, a multifunctional protein kinase that is frequently mutated in persons with sporadic Parkinson's disease. NAPE-PLD deletion caused a significant accumulation of non-metabolized NAPEs, which was accompanied by a shift of LRRK2 from membrane to cytosol and a reduction in total LRRK2 content. Conversely, exposure of intact SH-SY5Y cells to bacterial PLD lowered NAPE levels and enhanced LRRK2 association with membranes. The results suggest that NAPE-PLD activity may contribute to the control of LRRK2 localization by regulating membrane NAPE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palese
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy; Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Silvia Pontis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Natalia Realini
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
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68
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Ekstrand B, Scheers N, Rasmussen MK, Young JF, Ross AB, Landberg R. Brain foods - the role of diet in brain performance and health. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:693-708. [PMID: 32989449 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of the human brain is based on an interplay between the inherited genotype and external environmental factors, including diet. Food and nutrition, essential in maintenance of brain performance, also aid in prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Both the overall composition of the human diet and specific dietary components have been shown to have an impact on brain function in various experimental models and epidemiological studies. This narrative review provides an overview of the role of diet in 5 key areas of brain function related to mental health and performance, including: (1) brain development, (2) signaling networks and neurotransmitters in the brain, (3) cognition and memory, (4) the balance between protein formation and degradation, and (5) deteriorative effects due to chronic inflammatory processes. Finally, the role of diet in epigenetic regulation of brain physiology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ekstrand
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Scheers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,AgResearch, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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69
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Effect of Heavy Ion 12C 6+ Radiation on Lipid Constitution in the Rat Brain. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163762. [PMID: 32824857 PMCID: PMC7465761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy ions refer to charged particles with a mass greater than four (i.e., alpha particles). The heavy ion irradiation used in radiotherapy or that astronauts suffer in space flight missions induces toxicity in normal tissue and leads to short-term and long-term damage in both the structure and function of the brain. However, the underlying molecular alterations caused by heavy ion radiation have yet to be completely elucidated. Herein, untargeted and targeted lipidomic profiling of the whole brain tissue and blood plasma 7 days after the administration of the 15 Gy (260 MeV, low linear energy (LET) = 13.9 KeV/μm) plateau irradiation of disposable 12C6+ heavy ions on the whole heads of rats was explored to study the lipid damage induced by heavy ion radiation in the rat brain using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) technology. Combined with multivariate variables and univariate data analysis methods, our results indicated that an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS–DA) could clearly distinguish lipid metabolites between the irradiated and control groups. Through the combination of variable weight value (VIP), variation multiple (FC), and differential (p) analyses, the significant differential lipids diacylglycerols (DAGs) were screened out. Further quantitative targeted lipidomic analyses of these DAGs in the rat brain tissue and plasma supported the notion that DAG 47:1 could be used as a potential biomarker to study brain injury induced by heavy ion irradiation.
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70
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Piette C, Cui Y, Gervasi N, Venance L. Lights on Endocannabinoid-Mediated Synaptic Potentiation. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:132. [PMID: 32848597 PMCID: PMC7399367 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is a lipid-based neurotransmitter complex that plays crucial roles in the neural control of learning and memory. The current model of eCB-mediated retrograde signaling is that eCBs released from postsynaptic elements travel retrogradely to presynaptic axon terminals, where they activate cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1Rs) and ultimately decrease neurotransmitter release on a short- or long-term scale. An increasing body of evidence has enlarged this view and shows that eCBs, besides depressing synaptic transmission, are also able to increase neurotransmitter release at multiple synapses of the brain. This indicates that eCBs act as bidirectional regulators of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Recently, studies unveiled links between the expression of eCB-mediated long-term potentiation (eCB-LTP) and learning, and between its dysregulation and several pathologies. In this review article, we first distinguish the various forms of eCB-LTP based on their mechanisms, resulting from homosynaptically or heterosynaptically-mediated processes. Next, we consider the neuromodulation of eCB-LTP, its behavioral impact on learning and memory, and finally, eCB-LTP disruptions in various pathologies and its potential as a therapeutic target in disorders such as stress coping, addiction, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and pain. Cannabis is gaining popularity as a recreational substance as well as a medicine, and multiple eCB-based drugs are under development. In this context, it is critical to understand eCB-mediated signaling in its multi-faceted complexity. Indeed, the bidirectional nature of eCB-based neuromodulation may offer an important key to interpret the functions of the eCB system and how it is impacted by cannabis and other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Piette
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Yihui Cui
- Department of Neurobiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nicolas Gervasi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Venance
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
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71
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de Almeida V, Alexandrino GL, Aquino A, Gomes AF, Murgu M, Dobrowolny H, Guest PC, Steiner J, Martins-de-Souza D. Changes in the blood plasma lipidome associated with effective or poor response to atypical antipsychotic treatments in schizophrenia patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 101:109945. [PMID: 32304808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics are widely used to manage schizophrenia symptoms. However, these drugs can induce deleterious side effects, such as MetS, which are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk to patients. Lipids play a central role in this context, and changes in lipid metabolism have been implicated in schizophrenia's pathobiology. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that lipidome changes may be related to antipsychotic treatment response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipidome changes in blood plasma samples of schizophrenia patients before and after 6 weeks of treatment with either risperidone, olanzapine, or quetiapine. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed changes in the levels of ceramides (Cer), glycerophosphatidic acids (PA), glycerophosphocholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylinositols (PI), glycerophosphoglycerols (PG), and phosphatidylserines (PS) for all treatments. However, the treatment with risperidone also affected diacylglycerides (DG), ceramide 1-phosphates (CerP), triglycerides (TG), sphingomyelins (SM), and ceramide phosphoinositols (PI-Cer). Moreover, specific lipid profiles were observed that could be used to distinguish poor and good responders to the different antipsychotics. As such, further work in this area may lead to lipid-based biomarkers that could be used to improve the clinical management of schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Alexandrino
- Gas Chromatography Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas(UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Aquino
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Gomes
- Mass Spectrometry Applications & Development Laboratory, Waters Corporation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael Murgu
- Mass Spectrometry Applications & Development Laboratory, Waters Corporation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; The Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; The Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil.
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72
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Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are now recognized as omnipresent and dynamic subcellular organelles of amazing morphological and functional diversity. Beyond the obvious benefit of having molecules full of chemical energy stored in a dedicated structural entity, LDs may also be viewed as a safe harbor for potentially damaging metabolites. This protective function might in many cases even supersede the relevance of lipid storage for eventual energy gain and membrane biogenesis. Furthermore, the LD surface constitutes a unique membrane environment, creating a platform for hosting specific proteins and thus enabling their interactions. These metabolic hotspots would contribute decisively to compartmentalized metabolism in the cytosol. LDs are also communicating extensively with other subcellular organelles in directing and regulating lipid metabolism. Deciphering the relevance of LD storage and regulation at the organismic level will be essential for the understanding of widespread and serious metabolic complications in humans. Increasing attention is also devoted to pathogens appropriating LDs for their own benefit. LD biology is still considered an emerging research area in rapid and vibrant development, attracting scientists from all disciplines of the life sciences and beyond, which is mirrored by the accompanying review collection. Here, we present our personal views on areas we believe are especially exciting and hold great potential for future developments. Particularly, we address issues relating to LD biogenesis and heterogeneity, required technological advances, and the complexity of human physiology.
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73
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Wackerlig J, Köfeler HC, Korz V, Hussein AM, Feyissa DD, Höger H, Urban E, Langer T, Lubec G, Lubec J. Differences in Hypothalamic Lipid Profiles of Young and Aged Male Rats With Impaired and Unimpaired Spatial Cognitive Abilities and Memory. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:204. [PMID: 32719597 PMCID: PMC7349000 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play a major role for several brain functions, including cognition and memory. There is a series of work on individual lipids showing involvement in memory mechanisms, a concise lipidome was not reported so far. Moreover, there is no evidence for age-related memory decline and there is only work on brain of young vs. aging animals. Aging animals, however, are not a homogeneous group with respect to memory impairments, thus animals with impaired and unimpaired memory can be discriminated. Following recent studies of hippocampal lipid profiles and hypothalamus controlled hormone profiles, the aim of this study was to compare hypothalamic, lipidomic changes in male Sprague-Dawley rats between young (YM), old impaired (OMI) and old unimpaired (OMU) males. Grouping criterions for aged rats were evaluated by testing them in a spatial memory task, the hole-board. YMs were also tested. Subsequently brains were removed, dissected and hypothalami were kept at −80°C until sample preparation and analysis on liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Significant differences in the amounts of a series of lipids from several classes could be detected between young and aged and between OMI and OMU. A large number of lipids were increased in OMI and a smaller number in OMU as compared to young rats. Differences of lipid ratios (log2 of ratio) between OMI and OMU consisted of glycerophosphocholines (aPC 36:2 and 36:3; PC 34:0, 36:1, 36:3 and 40:2); Glycerophosphoethanolamines (aPE 34:2, 38:5 and 40:5; LPE 18:1, 20:1, 20:4, 22:4 and 22:6; PE36:1 and 38:4); glycerophosphoserines (PS 36:1, 40:4, and 40:6); triacylglycerol TG 52:4; ceramide Cer 17:2 and sphingomyelin SM 20:0. Thus, hypothalamic lipid profiles across different lipid classes discriminate aged male animals into OMU and OMI. The underlying mechanisms may be related to different functional networks of lipids in memory mechanisms and differences in metabolic processes. The study underlines the importance of lipidomics in the pathophysiology of age-related cognitive decline. The necessity of evaluating the cognitive status of aged subjects by behavioral tests results in more specific detection of critical lipids in memory decline, on which now can be focused in subsequent memory studies in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Wackerlig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald C Köfeler
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Volker Korz
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ahmed M Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel D Feyissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Höger
- Core Unit of Biomedical Research, Division of Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jana Lubec
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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74
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Steiner P. Brain Fuel Utilization in the Developing Brain. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2020; 75 Suppl 1:8-18. [PMID: 32564020 DOI: 10.1159/000508054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy and infancy, the human brain is growing extremely fast; the brain volume increases significantly, reaching 36, 72, and 83% of the volume of adults at 2-4 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years of age, respectively, which is essential to establish the neuronal networks and capacity for the development of cognitive, motor, social, and emotional skills that will be continually refined throughout childhood and adulthood. Such dramatic changes in brain structure and function are associated with very large energetic demands exceeding by far those of other organs of the body. It has been estimated that during childhood the brain may account for up to 60% of the body basal energetic requirements. While the main source of energy for the adult brain is glucose, it appears that it is not sufficient to sustain the dramatic metabolic demands of the brain during its development. Recently, it has been proposed that this energetic challenge is solved by the ability of the brain to use ketone bodies (KBs), produced from fatty acid oxidation, as a complement source of energy. Here, we first describe the main cellular and physiological processes that drive brain development along time and how different brain metabolic pathways are engaged to support them. It has been assumed that the majority of energetic substrates are used to support neuronal activity and signal transmission. We discuss how glucose and KBs are metabolized to provide the carbon backbones used to synthesize lipids, nucleic acid, and cholesterol, which are indispensable building blocks of neuronal cell proliferation and are also used to establish and refine brain connectivity through synapse formation/elimination and myelination. We conclude that glucose and KBs are not only important to support the energy needs of the brain under development, but they are also essential substrates for the biosynthesis of macromolecules underlying structural brain growth and reorganization. We emphasize that glucose and fatty acids supporting the production of KBs are provided in complex food matrices, such as breast milk, and understanding how their availability impacts the brain will be key to promote adequate nutrition to support brain metabolism and, therefore, optimal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Steiner
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Brain Health Department, Lausanne, Switzerland,
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75
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Chew H, Solomon VA, Fonteh AN. Involvement of Lipids in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology and Potential Therapies. Front Physiol 2020; 11:598. [PMID: 32581851 PMCID: PMC7296164 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids constitute the bulk of the dry mass of the brain and have been associated with healthy function as well as the most common pathological conditions of the brain. Demographic factors, genetics, and lifestyles are the major factors that influence lipid metabolism and are also the key components of lipid disruption in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, the most common genetic risk factor of AD, APOE ϵ4 genotype, is involved in lipid transport and metabolism. We propose that lipids are at the center of Alzheimer's disease pathology based on their involvement in the blood-brain barrier function, amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, myelination, membrane remodeling, receptor signaling, inflammation, oxidation, and energy balance. Under healthy conditions, lipid homeostasis bestows a balanced cellular environment that enables the proper functioning of brain cells. However, under pathological conditions, dyshomeostasis of brain lipid composition can result in disturbed BBB, abnormal processing of APP, dysfunction in endocytosis/exocytosis/autophagocytosis, altered myelination, disturbed signaling, unbalanced energy metabolism, and enhanced inflammation. These lipid disturbances may contribute to abnormalities in brain function that are the hallmark of AD. The wide variance of lipid disturbances associated with brain function suggest that AD pathology may present as a complex interaction between several metabolic pathways that are augmented by risk factors such as age, genetics, and lifestyles. Herewith, we examine factors that influence brain lipid composition, review the association of lipids with all known facets of AD pathology, and offer pointers for potential therapies that target lipid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Chew
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Alfred N. Fonteh
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
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76
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Bianchetti G, Di Giacinto F, De Spirito M, Maulucci G. Machine-learning assisted confocal imaging of intracellular sites of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters formation and storage. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1121:57-66. [PMID: 32493590 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
All living systems are maintained by a constant flux of metabolic energy and, among the different reactions, the process of lipids storage and lipolysis is of fundamental importance. Current research has focused on the investigation of lipid droplets (LD) as a powerful biomarker for the early detection of metabolic and neurological disorders. Efforts in this field aim at increasing selectivity for LD detection by exploiting existing or newly synthesized probes. However, LD constitute only the final product of a complex series of reactions during which fatty acids are transformed into triglycerides and cholesterol is transformed in cholesteryl esters. These final products can be accumulated in intracellular organelles or deposits other than LD. A complete spatial mapping of the intracellular sites of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters formation and storage is, therefore, crucial to highlight any potential metabolic imbalance, thus predicting and counteracting its progression. Here, we present a machine learning assisted, polarity-driven segmentation which enables to localize and quantify triglycerides and cholesteryl esters biosynthesis sites in all intracellular organelles, thus allowing to monitor in real-time the overall process of the turnover of these non-polar lipids in living cells. This technique is applied to normal and differentiated PC12 cells to test how the level of activation of biosynthetic pathways changes in response to the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bianchetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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77
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Di Miceli M, Bosch-Bouju C, Layé S. PUFA and their derivatives in neurotransmission and synapses: a new hallmark of synaptopathies. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-16. [PMID: 32299516 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PUFA of the n-3 and n-6 families are present in high concentration in the brain where they are major components of cell membranes. The main forms found in the brain are DHA (22 :6, n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6). In the past century, several studies pinpointed that modifications of n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels in the brain through dietary supply or genetic means are linked to the alterations of synaptic function. Yet, synaptopathies emerge as a common characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders, neuropsychiatric diseases and some neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of action underlying the activity of PUFA at the level of synapses is thus of high interest. In this frame, dietary supplementation in PUFA aiming at restoring or promoting the optimal function of synapses appears as a promising strategy to treat synaptopathies. This paper reviews the link between dietary PUFA, synapse formation and the role of PUFA and their metabolites in synaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Di Miceli
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clémentine Bosch-Bouju
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
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78
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Thesing CS, Lok A, Milaneschi Y, Assies J, Bockting CLH, Figueroa CA, Giltay EJ, Penninx BWJH, Ruhé HG, Schene AH, Bot M, Mocking RJT. Fatty acids and recurrence of major depressive disorder: combined analysis of two Dutch clinical cohorts. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 141:362-373. [PMID: 31785112 PMCID: PMC7216896 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) alterations in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been shown to persist after remission. Whether these alterations are risk factors for MDD recurrence remains unknown. Here, we examined whether fatty acids predict time until MDD recurrence in remitted MDD patients. METHODS Data were used from remitted MDD patients of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (n = 356) and the Depression Evaluation Longitudinal Therapy Assessment studies (n = 118). Associations of FAs with time until MDD recurrence up to 8-year follow-up were analyzed using Cox regression analyses. Study-specific estimates were pooled using mega- and meta-analysis techniques. RESULTS 27.5% (NESDA) and 56.8% (DELTA) participants had an MDD recurrence. Pooled results showed that no FA was significantly associated with time until MDD recurrence (n-3 PUFAs: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98-1.41, P = 0.082; n-6 PUFAs: HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.84-1.38, P = 0.55). CONCLUSION In remitted MDD patients, circulating PUFAs were not associated with prospective risk of MDD recurrence. Consequently, circulating PUFAs are unlikely to reflect a vulnerability marker for recurrence, so correcting n-3 PUFA 'deficits' through supplementation does not seem a promising option to prevent MDD recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Thesing
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - A. Lok
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAcademisch Medisch CentrumUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Y. Milaneschi
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. Assies
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAcademisch Medisch CentrumUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - C. L. H. Bockting
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAcademisch Medisch CentrumUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - C. A. Figueroa
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAcademisch Medisch CentrumUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - E. J. Giltay
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - B. W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - H. G. Ruhé
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAcademisch Medisch CentrumUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviorRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - A. H. Schene
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviorRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - M. Bot
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - R. J. T. Mocking
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAcademisch Medisch CentrumUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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79
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Mallick-Searle T, St Marie B. Cannabinoids in Pain Treatment: An Overview. Pain Manag Nurs 2020; 20:107-112. [PMID: 31036325 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The current landscape contains conflicting reports regarding the use of medical marijuana, creating fields of misinformation and lack of understanding by health care providers about cannabinoids. In this article we provide a dispassionate look at medical marijuana, while providing a clinical overview focusing on pain management. We examine the mechanisms of the endocannabinoid system, along with the pharmacology of cannabinoids. Current research on the use of marijuana for the treatment of pain is reviewed. Finally, recommendations for pain management nurses on integrating research, clinical practice, and U.S. drug policy are made.
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80
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this brief review is to gain an understanding on the multiple roles that lipids exert on the brain, and to highlight new ideas in the impact of lipid homeostasis in the regulation of synaptic transmission. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data underline the crucial function of lipid homeostasis in maintaining neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, new advances in analytical approaches to study lipid classes and species is opening a new door to understand and monitor how alterations in lipid pathways could shed new light into the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. SUMMARY Lipids are one of the most essential elements of the brain. However, our understanding of the role of lipids within the central nervous system is still largely unknown. Identifying the molecular mechanism (s) by which lipids can regulate neuronal transmission represents the next frontier in neuroscience, and a new challenge in our understanding of the brain and the mechanism(s) behind neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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81
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Huguenard CJC, Cseresznye A, Evans JE, Oberlin S, Langlois H, Ferguson S, Darcey T, Nkiliza A, Dretsch M, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Plasma Lipidomic Analyses in Cohorts With mTBI and/or PTSD Reveal Lipids Differentially Associated With Diagnosis and APOE ε4 Carrier Status. Front Physiol 2020; 11:12. [PMID: 32082186 PMCID: PMC7005602 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential diagnosis between mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) sequelae and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is challenging due to their symptomatic overlap and co-morbidity. As such, there is a need to develop biomarkers which can help with differential diagnosis of these two conditions. Studies from our group and others suggest that blood and brain lipids are chronically altered in both mTBI and PTSD. Therefore, examining blood lipids presents a minimally invasive and cost-effective approach to identify promising biomarkers of these conditions. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) we examined hundreds of lipid species in the blood of healthy active duty soldiers (n = 52) and soldiers with mTBI (n = 21), PTSD (n = 34) as well as co-morbid mTBI and PTSD (n = 13) to test whether lipid levels were differentially altered with each. We also examined if the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele can affect the association between diagnosis and peripheral lipid levels in this cohort. We show that several lipid classes are altered with diagnosis and that there is an interaction between diagnosis and the ε4 carrier status on these lipids. Indeed, total lipid levels as well as both the degree of unsaturation and chain lengths are differentially altered with diagnosis and ε4 status, specifically long chain unsaturated triglycerides (TG) and both saturated and mono-unsaturated diglycerides (DG). Additionally, an examination of lipid species reveals distinct profiles in each diagnostic group stratified by ε4 status, mainly in TG, saturated DG species and polyunsaturated phosphatidylserines. In summary, we show that peripheral lipids are promising biomarker candidates to assist with the differential diagnosis of mTBI and PTSD. Further, ε4 carrier status alone and in interaction with diagnosis has a strong influence on peripheral lipid levels. Therefore, examining ε4 status along with peripheral lipid levels could help with differential diagnosis of mTBI and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J C Huguenard
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - James E Evans
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sarah Oberlin
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Heather Langlois
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Scott Ferguson
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Teresa Darcey
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Aurore Nkiliza
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Michael Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma, WA, United States.,U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL, United States
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laila Abdullah
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
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82
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Edwards G, Arcuri J, Wang H, Ziebarth N, Zode G, Lee RK, Bhattacharya SK. Endogenous ocular lipids as potential modulators of intraocular pressure. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3856-3900. [PMID: 32090468 PMCID: PMC7171415 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a risk factor in glaucoma, a group of irreversible blinding diseases. Endogenous lipids may be involved in regulation of IOP homeostasis. We present comparative fold analysis of phospholipids and sphingolipids of aqueous humour and trabecular meshwork from human control vs primary open-angle glaucoma and mouse control (normotensive) vs ocular hypertensive state. The fold analysis in control vs disease state was based on ratiometric mass spectrometric data for above classes of lipids. We standardized in vitro assays for rapid characterization of lipids undergoing significant diminishment in disease state. Evaluation of lipids using in vitro assays helped select a finite number of lipids that may potentially expand cellular interstitial space embedded in an artificial matrix or increase fluid flow across a layer of cells. These assays reduced a number of lipids for initial evaluation using a mouse model, DBA/2J with spontaneous IOP elevation. These lipids were then used in other mouse models for confirmation of IOP lowering potential of a few lipids that were found promising in previous assessments. Our results provide selected lipid molecules that can be pursued for further evaluation and studies that may provide insight into their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genea Edwards
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Arcuri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Noel Ziebarth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gulab Zode
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Richard K Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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83
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Kao YC, Ho PC, Tu YK, Jou IM, Tsai KJ. Lipids and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041505. [PMID: 32098382 PMCID: PMC7073164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids, as the basic component of cell membranes, play an important role in human health as well as brain function. The brain is highly enriched in lipids, and disruption of lipid homeostasis is related to neurologic disorders as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aging is associated with changes in lipid composition. Alterations of fatty acids at the level of lipid rafts and cerebral lipid peroxidation were found in the early stage of AD. Genetic and environmental factors such as apolipoprotein and lipid transporter carrying status and dietary lipid content are associated with AD. Insight into the connection between lipids and AD is crucial to unraveling the metabolic aspects of this puzzling disease. Recent advances in lipid analytical methodology have led us to gain an in-depth understanding on lipids. As a result, lipidomics have becoming a hot topic of investigation in AD, in order to find biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis, and prevention, with the ultimate goal of discovering novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
| | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (Y.-K.T.); (I.-M.J.)
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (Y.-K.T.); (I.-M.J.)
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-235-3535-4254; Fax: +886-6-275-8781
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84
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Yu Q, He Z, Zubkov D, Huang S, Kurochkin I, Yang X, Halene T, Willmitzer L, Giavalisco P, Akbarian S, Khaitovich P. Lipidome alterations in human prefrontal cortex during development, aging, and cognitive disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2952-2969. [PMID: 30089790 PMCID: PMC7577858 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are essential to brain functions, yet they remain largely unexplored. Here we investigated the lipidome composition of prefrontal cortex gray matter in 396 cognitively healthy individuals with ages spanning 100 years, as well as 67 adult individuals diagnosed with autism (ASD), schizophrenia (SZ), and Down syndrome (DS). Of the 5024 detected lipids, 95% showed significant age-dependent concentration differences clustering into four temporal stages, and resulting in a gradual increase in membrane fluidity in individuals ranging from newborn to nonagenarian. Aging affects 14% of the brain lipidome with late-life changes starting predominantly at 50-55 years of age-a period of general metabolic transition. All three diseases alter the brain lipidome composition, leading-among other things-to a concentration decrease in glycerophospholipid metabolism and endocannabinoid signaling pathways. Lipid concentration decreases in SZ were further linked to genetic variants associated with disease, indicating the relevance of the lipidome changes to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Yu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China ,grid.419092.70000 0004 0467 2285CAS Key Laboratory of Compstudy has been deposited in the National Omics Datautational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Zhisong He
- grid.419092.70000 0004 0467 2285CAS Key Laboratory of Compstudy has been deposited in the National Omics Datautational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, 200031 China ,grid.454320.40000 0004 0555 3608Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028 Russia
| | - Dmitry Zubkov
- grid.454320.40000 0004 0555 3608Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028 Russia
| | - Shuyun Huang
- grid.419092.70000 0004 0467 2285CAS Key Laboratory of Compstudy has been deposited in the National Omics Datautational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, 200031 China ,grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- grid.454320.40000 0004 0555 3608Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028 Russia
| | - Xiaode Yang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China ,grid.419092.70000 0004 0467 2285CAS Key Laboratory of Compstudy has been deposited in the National Omics Datautational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Tobias Halene
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- grid.418390.70000 0004 0491 976XMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476 Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028, Russia. .,ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany. .,Comparative Biology Group, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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85
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Γ-Aminobutyric acid in adult brain: an update. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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86
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Pamplona R, Borras C, Jové M, Pradas I, Ferrer I, Viña J. Redox lipidomics to better understand brain aging and function. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:310-321. [PMID: 30898667 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a recently evolutionary emerged brain region involved in cognitive functions. Human cognitive abilities decline during aging. Yet the molecular mechanisms that sustain the preservation or deterioration of neurons and PFC functions are unknown. In this review, we focus on the role of lipids in human PFC aging. As the evolution of brain lipid concentrations is particularly accelerated in the human PFC, conferring a specific lipid profile, a brief approach to the lipidome of PFC was consider along with the relationship between lipids and lipoxidative damage, and the role of lipids in human PFC aging. In addition, the specific targets of lipoxidative damage in human PFC, the affected biological processes, and their potential role in the cognitive decline associated with aging are discussed. Finally, interventions designed to modify this process are considered. We propose that the dysfunction of key biological processes due to selective protein lipoxidation damage may have a role the cognitive decline of PFC during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Borras
- Freshage Research Group-Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Spain.
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Irene Pradas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Jose Viña
- Freshage Research Group-Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Spain
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87
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Svegliati-Baroni G, Pierantonelli I, Torquato P, Marinelli R, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C, Bartolini D, Galli F. Lipidomic biomarkers and mechanisms of lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:293-309. [PMID: 31152791 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common form of chronic liver disease worldwide (about 25% of the general population) and 3-5% of patients develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by hepatocytes damage, inflammation and fibrosis, which increase the risk of developing liver failure, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD, particularly the mechanisms whereby a minority of patients develop a more severe phenotype, is still incompletely understood. In this review we examine the available literature on initial mechanisms of hepatocellular damage and inflammation, deriving from toxic effects of excess lipids. Accumulating data indicate that the total amount of triglycerides stored in the liver cells is not the main determinant of lipotoxicity and that specific lipid classes act as damaging agents. These lipotoxic species affect the cell behavior via multiple mechanisms, including activation of death receptors, endoplasmic reticulum stress, modification of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. The gut microbiota, which provides signals through the intestine to the liver, is also reported to play a key role in lipotoxicity. Finally, we summarize the most recent lipidomic strategies utilized to explore the liver lipidome and its modifications in the course of NALFD. These include measures of lipid profiles in blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes that can surrogate to some extent lipid investigation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Obesity Center, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Irene Pierantonelli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Gastroenterology, Senigallia Hospital, Senigallia, Italy
| | | | - Rita Marinelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
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88
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A Perspective: Active Role of Lipids in Neurotransmitter Dynamics. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:910-925. [PMID: 31595461 PMCID: PMC7031182 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic neurotransmission is generally considered as a function of membrane-embedded receptors and ion channels in response to the neurotransmitter (NT) release and binding. This perspective aims to widen the protein-centric view by including another vital component—the synaptic membrane—in the discussion. A vast set of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and biophysical experiments indicate that NTs are divided into membrane-binding and membrane-nonbinding categories. The binary choice takes place at the water-membrane interface and follows closely the positioning of the receptors’ binding sites in relation to the membrane. Accordingly, when a lipophilic NT is on route to a membrane-buried binding site, it adheres on the membrane and, then, travels along its plane towards the receptor. In contrast, lipophobic NTs, which are destined to bind into receptors with extracellular binding sites, prefer the water phase. This membrane-based sorting splits the neurotransmission into membrane-independent and membrane-dependent mechanisms and should make the NT binding into the receptors more efficient than random diffusion would allow. The potential implications and notable exceptions to the mechanisms are discussed here. Importantly, maintaining specific membrane lipid compositions (MLCs) at the synapses, especially regarding anionic lipids, affect the level of NT-membrane association. These effects provide a plausible link between the MLC imbalances and neurological diseases such as depression or Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, the membrane plays a vital role in other phases of the NT life cycle, including storage and release from the synaptic vesicles, transport from the synaptic cleft, as well as their synthesis and degradation.
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89
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Parkinson's disease-associated iPLA2-VIA/PLA2G6 regulates neuronal functions and α-synuclein stability through membrane remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20689-20699. [PMID: 31548400 PMCID: PMC6789907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902958116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of α-synuclein aggregation and subsequent Lewy body formation are a key pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PARK14-linked PD, which is caused by mutations of the iPLA2-VIA/PLA2G6 gene, exhibits a marked Lewy body pathology. iPLA2-VIA, which belongs to the phospholipase A2 family, is another causative gene of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Here, we demonstrate that iPLA2-VIA loss results in acyl-chain shortening in phospholipids, which affects ER homeostasis and neurotransmission and promotes α-synuclein aggregation. The administration of linoleic acid or the overexpression of C19orf12, one of the NBIA-causative genes, also suppresses the acyl-chain shortening by iPLA2-VIA loss. The rescue of iPLA2-VIA phenotypes by C19orf12 provides significant molecular insight into the underlying common pathogenesis of PD and NBIA. Mutations in the iPLA2-VIA/PLA2G6 gene are responsible for PARK14-linked Parkinson’s disease (PD) with α-synucleinopathy. However, it is unclear how iPLA2-VIA mutations lead to α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation and dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration. Here, we report that iPLA2-VIA–deficient Drosophila exhibits defects in neurotransmission during early developmental stages and progressive cell loss throughout the brain, including degeneration of the DA neurons. Lipid analysis of brain tissues reveals that the acyl-chain length of phospholipids is shortened by iPLA2-VIA loss, which causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through membrane lipid disequilibrium. The introduction of wild-type human iPLA2-VIA or the mitochondria–ER contact site-resident protein C19orf12 in iPLA2-VIA–deficient flies rescues the phenotypes associated with altered lipid composition, ER stress, and DA neurodegeneration, whereas the introduction of a disease-associated missense mutant, iPLA2-VIA A80T, fails to suppress these phenotypes. The acceleration of α-Syn aggregation by iPLA2-VIA loss is suppressed by the administration of linoleic acid, correcting the brain lipid composition. Our findings suggest that membrane remodeling by iPLA2-VIA is required for the survival of DA neurons and α-Syn stability.
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90
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Wang J, Li W, Zhou F, Feng R, Wang F, Zhang S, Li J, Li Q, Wang Y, Xie J, Wen T. ATP11B deficiency leads to impairment of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:688-702. [PMID: 31152587 PMCID: PMC7261485 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is known to regulate and support signal transduction between neurons, while synaptic dysfunction contributes to multiple neurological and other brain disorders; however, the specific mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. In the present study, abnormal neural and dendritic morphology was observed in the hippocampus following knockout of Atp11b both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ATP11B modified synaptic ultrastructure and promoted spine remodeling via the asymmetrical distribution of phosphatidylserine and enhancement of glutamate release, glutamate receptor expression, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Furthermore, experimental results also indicate that ATP11B regulated synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons through the MAPK14 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our data shed light on the possible mechanisms underlying the regulation of synaptic plasticity and lay the foundation for the exploration of proteins involved in signal transduction during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruili Feng
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fushuai Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajiang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Xie
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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91
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Filo S, Shtangel O, Salamon N, Kol A, Weisinger B, Shifman S, Mezer AA. Disentangling molecular alterations from water-content changes in the aging human brain using quantitative MRI. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3403. [PMID: 31363094 PMCID: PMC6667463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is an open question whether aging-related changes throughout the brain are driven by a common factor or result from several distinct molecular mechanisms. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) provides biophysical parametric measurements allowing for non-invasive mapping of the aging human brain. However, qMRI measurements change in response to both molecular composition and water content. Here, we present a tissue relaxivity approach that disentangles these two tissue components and decodes molecular information from the MRI signal. Our approach enables us to reveal the molecular composition of lipid samples and predict lipidomics measurements of the brain. It produces unique molecular signatures across the brain, which are correlated with specific gene-expression profiles. We uncover region-specific molecular changes associated with brain aging. These changes are independent from other MRI aging markers. Our approach opens the door to a quantitative characterization of the biological sources for aging, that until now was possible only post-mortem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Filo
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Oshrat Shtangel
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Noga Salamon
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Adi Kol
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Batsheva Weisinger
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Sagiv Shifman
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Aviv A Mezer
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
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92
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Fabiani C, Antollini SS. Alzheimer's Disease as a Membrane Disorder: Spatial Cross-Talk Among Beta-Amyloid Peptides, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Lipid Rafts. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:309. [PMID: 31379503 PMCID: PMC6657435 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes show lateral and transverse asymmetric lipid distribution. Cholesterol (Chol) localizes in both hemilayers, but in the external one it is mostly condensed in lipid-ordered microdomains (raft domains), together with saturated phosphatidyl lipids and sphingolipids (including sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids). Membrane asymmetries induce special membrane biophysical properties and behave as signals for several physiological and/or pathological processes. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with a perturbation in different membrane properties. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein together with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are the most characteristic cellular changes observed in this disease. The extracellular presence of Aβ peptides forming senile plaques, together with soluble oligomeric species of Aβ, are considered the major cause of the synaptic dysfunction of AD. The association between Aβ peptide and membrane lipids has been extensively studied. It has been postulated that Chol content and Chol distribution condition Aβ production and posterior accumulation in membranes and, hence, cell dysfunction. Several lines of evidence suggest that Aβ partitions in the cell membrane accumulate mostly in raft domains, the site where the cleavage of the precursor AβPP by β- and γ- secretase is also thought to occur. The main consequence of the pathogenesis of AD is the disruption of the cholinergic pathways in the cerebral cortex and in the basal forebrain. In parallel, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been extensively linked to membrane properties. Since its transmembrane domain exhibits extensive contacts with the surrounding lipids, the acetylcholine receptor function is conditioned by its lipid microenvironment. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is present in high-density clusters in the cell membrane where it localizes mainly in lipid-ordered domains. Perturbations of sphingomyelin or cholesterol composition alter acetylcholine receptor location. Therefore, Aβ processing, Aβ partitioning, and acetylcholine receptor location and function can be manipulated by changes in membrane lipid biophysics. Understanding these mechanisms should provide insights into new therapeutic strategies for prevention and/or treatment of AD. Here, we discuss the implications of lipid-protein interactions at the cell membrane level in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fabiani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca CONICET-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Silvia S Antollini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca CONICET-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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93
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von Schwanenflug N, Müller DK, King JA, Ritschel F, Bernardoni F, Mohammadi S, Geisler D, Roessner V, Biemann R, Marxen M, Ehrlich S. Dynamic changes in white matter microstructure in anorexia nervosa: findings from a longitudinal study. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1555-1564. [PMID: 30149815 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171800212x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gray matter (GM) 'pseudoatrophy' is well-documented in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), but changes in white matter (WM) are less well understood. Here we investigated the dynamics of microstructural WM brain changes in AN patients during short-term weight restoration in a combined longitudinal and cross-sectional study design. METHODS Diffusion-weighted images were acquired in young AN patients before (acAN-Tp1, n = 56) and after (acAN-Tp2, n = 44) short-term weight restoration as well as in age-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 60). Images were processed using Tract-Based-Spatial-Statistics to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) across groups and timepoints. RESULTS In the cross-sectional comparison, FA was significantly reduced in the callosal body in acAN-Tp1 compared with HC, while no differences were found between acAN-Tp2 and HC. In the longitudinal arm, FA increased with weight gain in acAN-Tp2 relative to acAN-Tp1 in large parts of the callosal body and the fornix, while it decreased in the right corticospinal tract. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that dynamic, bidirectional changes in WM microstructure in young underweight patients with AN can be reversed with brief weight restoration therapy. These results parallel those previously observed in GM and suggest that alterations in WM in non-chronic AN are also state-dependent and rapidly reversible with successful intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina von Schwanenflug
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience,Faculty of Medicine,Technische Universität Dresden,Dresden,Germany
| | - Dirk K Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center,Technische Universität Dresden,Dresden,Germany
| | - Joseph A King
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience,Faculty of Medicine,Technische Universität Dresden,Dresden,Germany
| | - Franziska Ritschel
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience,Faculty of Medicine,Technische Universität Dresden,Dresden,Germany
| | - Fabio Bernardoni
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience,Faculty of Medicine,Technische Universität Dresden,Dresden,Germany
| | - Siawoosh Mohammadi
- Department of Systems Neuroscience,Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf,Hamburg,Germany
| | - Daniel Geisler
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience,Faculty of Medicine,Technische Universität Dresden,Dresden,Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine,Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Technische Universität Dresden,Dresden,Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University,Magdeburg,Germany
| | - Michael Marxen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center,Technische Universität Dresden,Dresden,Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience,Faculty of Medicine,Technische Universität Dresden,Dresden,Germany
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94
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Khrameeva E, Kurochkin I, Bozek K, Giavalisco P, Khaitovich P. Lipidome Evolution in Mammalian Tissues. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:1947-1957. [PMID: 29762743 PMCID: PMC6063302 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are essential structural and functional components of cells. Little is known, however, about the evolution of lipid composition in different tissues. Here, we report a large-scale analysis of the lipidome evolution in six tissues of 32 species representing primates, rodents, and bats. While changes in genes’ sequence and expression accumulate proportionally to the phylogenetic distances, <2% of the lipidome evolves this way. Yet, lipids constituting this 2% cluster in specific functions shared among all tissues. Among species, human show the largest amount of species-specific lipidome differences. Many of the uniquely human lipidome features localize in the brain cortex and cluster in specific pathways implicated in cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Khrameeva
- Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,A.A.Kharkevich, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Katarzyna Bozek
- Biological Physics Theory Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, Onna-Son, Kunigami-Gun, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany.,Current affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, China
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95
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Wang X, Cirit M, Wishnok JS, Griffith LG, Tannenbaum SR. Analysis of an Integrated Human Multiorgan Microphysiological System for Combined Tolcapone Metabolism and Brain Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8667-8675. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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96
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Neumann EK, Ellis JF, Triplett AE, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Lipid Analysis of 30 000 Individual Rodent Cerebellar Cells Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7871-7878. [PMID: 31122012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell measurements aid our understanding of chemically heterogeneous systems such as the brain. Lipids are one of the least studied chemical classes, and their cell-to-cell heterogeneity remains largely unexplored. We adapted microscopy-guided single-cell profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to profile the lipid composition of over 30 000 individual rat cerebellar cells. We detected 520 lipid features, many of which were found in subsets of cells; Louvain clustering identified 101 distinct groups that can be correlated to neuronal and astrocytic classifications and lipid classes. Overall, the two most common lipids found were [PC(32:0)+H]+ and [PC(34:1)+H]+, which were present within 98.9 and 89.5% of cells, respectively; lipid signals present in <1% of cells were also detected, including [PC(34:1)+K]+ and [PG(40:2(OH))+Na]+. These results illustrate the vast lipid heterogeneity found within rodent cerebellar cells and hint at the distinct functional consequences of this heterogeneity.
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97
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Sarrafpour S, Ormseth C, Chiang A, Arakaki X, Harrington M, Fonteh A. Lipid Metabolism in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Differs from Patients Presenting with Other Dementia Phenotypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111995. [PMID: 31195602 PMCID: PMC6603882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ42) and Tau and cognitive decline are typical characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since dysregulation in lipid metabolism accompanies abnormal amyloid formation, we quantified glycerophospholipids (GP) and sphingolipids (SP) in CSF fractions from participants with late-onset AD (LOAD, n = 29) or with Other Dementia (OD, n = 10) to determine if alterations in lipid metabolism account for pathological differences. Aβ42 and total Tau levels were determined using a sandwich ELISA. Liposomal-based fluorescent assays were used to measure phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and acid or neutral sphingomyelinase (aSMase, nSMase) activities. Supernatant fluid (SF) and nanoparticle (NP) lipids were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Although CSF Aβ42 and Tau levels are similar, phosphatidylserine (PS) in SF and ceramide (CM) levels in NP are significantly higher in OD compared with LOAD. The aSMase but not the nSMase activity is higher in OD. PLA2 activity in CSF from OD subjects positively correlates with several GP classes in SF and NP fractions but not in LOAD fractions. Our data indicate differences in CSF lipid metabolism between dementia variants. Higher levels of inflammatory and apoptotic lipids may induce faster neuronal death, resulting in the earlier cognitive decline in patients with OD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syena Sarrafpour
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Cora Ormseth
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Abby Chiang
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | | | | | - Alfred Fonteh
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
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98
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Differential lipid composition and regulation along the hippocampal longitudinal axis. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:144. [PMID: 31028243 PMCID: PMC6486574 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are major constituents of the brain largely implicated in physiological and pathological processes. The hippocampus is a complex brain structure involved in learning, memory and emotional responses, and its functioning is also affected in various disorders. Despite conserved intrinsic circuitry, behavioral and anatomical studies suggest the existence of a structural and functional gradient along the hippocampal longitudinal axis. Here, we used an unbiased mass spectrometry approach to characterize the lipid composition of distinct hippocampal subregions. In addition, we evaluated the susceptibility of each area to lipid modulation by corticosterone (CORT), an important mediator of the effects of stress. We confirmed a great similarity between hippocampal subregions relatively to other brain areas. Moreover, we observed a continuous molecular gradient along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus, with the dorsal and ventral extremities differing significantly from each other, particularly in the relative abundance of sphingolipids and phospholipids. Also, whereas chronic CORT exposure led to remodeling of triacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol species in both hippocampal poles, our study suggests that the ventral hippocampus is more sensitive to CORT-induced changes, with regional modulation of ceramide, dihydrosphingomyelin and phosphatidic acid. Thus, our results confirm a multipartite molecular view of dorsal-ventral hippocampal axis and emphasize lipid metabolites as candidate effectors of glucocorticoid signaling, mediating regional susceptibility to neurological disorders associated with stress.
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99
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Gangarossa G, Perez S, Dembitskaya Y, Prokin I, Berry H, Venance L. BDNF Controls Bidirectional Endocannabinoid Plasticity at Corticostriatal Synapses. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:197-214. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe dorsal striatum exhibits bidirectional corticostriatal synaptic plasticity, NMDAR and endocannabinoids (eCB) mediated, necessary for the encoding of procedural learning. Therefore, characterizing factors controlling corticostriatal plasticity is of crucial importance. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, the tropomyosine receptor kinase-B (TrkB), shape striatal functions, and their dysfunction deeply affects basal ganglia. BDNF/TrkB signaling controls NMDAR plasticity in various brain structures including the striatum. However, despite cross-talk between BDNF and eCBs, the role of BDNF in eCB plasticity remains unknown. Here, we show that BDNF/TrkB signaling promotes eCB-plasticity (LTD and LTP) induced by rate-based (low-frequency stimulation) or spike-timing–based (spike-timing–dependent plasticity, STDP) paradigm in striatum. We show that TrkB activation is required for the expression and the scaling of both eCB-LTD and eCB-LTP. Using 2-photon imaging of dendritic spines combined with patch-clamp recordings, we show that TrkB activation prolongs intracellular calcium transients, thus increasing eCB synthesis and release. We provide a mathematical model for the dynamics of the signaling pathways involved in corticostriatal plasticity. Finally, we show that TrkB activation enlarges the domain of expression of eCB-STDP. Our results reveal a novel role for BDNF/TrkB signaling in governing eCB-plasticity expression in striatum and thus the engram of procedural learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Perez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
| | - Yulia Dembitskaya
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ilya Prokin
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, LIRIS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hugues Berry
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, LIRIS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Venance
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
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100
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Cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, fatty acids, and their relation in recurrent depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 100:203-212. [PMID: 30388594 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis activity, fatty acid metabolism, and their relation have been associated with (recurrent) major depressive disorder (MDD), although conflicting findings exist. AIMS To determine whether alterations in HPA-axis activity and fatty acids in recurrent MDD remain during remission (i.e. reflect a potential trait factor). Furthermore, to test the association between HPA-axis activity and fatty acids in patients versus controls. METHODS We cross-sectionally compared 73 remitted unmedicated recurrent MDD patients with 46 matched never-depressed controls. Measurements included salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) (awakening, evening, and after sad mood induction) and erythrocyte fatty acid parameters: (I) three main fatty acids [omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid/omega-6 arachidonic acid (EPA/AA)-ratio], and (II) structural fatty acid indices [chain length, unsaturation and peroxidation]. RESULTS Patients showed higher cortisol awakening responses (p = 0.006) and lower evening cortisol/DHEAS ratios (p = 0.044) compared to matched controls. Fatty acids did not differ between patients and controls, but HPA-axis indicators were significantly associated with fatty acid parameters in both groups (0.001 ≤ p ≤ 0.043). Patients and controls significantly differed in the relations between awakening DHEAS or cortisol/DHEAS ratios and fatty acid parameters, including unsaturation and peroxidation indices (0.001≤ p ≤ 0.034). Significance remained after correction for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Our results further support alterations in HPA-axis activity, i.e. a lower baseline, but higher responsiveness of awakening cortisol, in remitted medication-free recurrent MDD patients. Furthermore, the relationship between HPA-axis and fatty acids showed significant differences in recurrent MDD patients versus controls. Prospective research is needed to determine the predictive value of this relationship for MDD recurrence.
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