51
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Triner D, Shah YM. Hypoxic Regulation of Neutrophils in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174189. [PMID: 31461847 PMCID: PMC6747474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have been well-characterized for their role in the host anti-microbial response. However, it is now appreciated that neutrophils have a critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in the majority of solid tumors. Recent studies have indicated a critical role for hypoxia in regulating neutrophil function in tumors. Furthermore, neutrophil-specific expression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors may represent a novel therapeutic target for human cancer. In this review, we highlight the function of neutrophils in cancer and the role of the neutrophil hypoxic response in regulating the neoplastic progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Triner
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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52
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Schwartz AJ, Converso-Baran K, Michele DE, Shah YM. A genetic mouse model of severe iron deficiency anemia reveals tissue-specific transcriptional stress responses and cardiac remodeling. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14991-15002. [PMID: 31416832 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is a micronutrient fundamental for life. Iron homeostasis in mammals requires sustained postnatal intestinal iron absorption that maintains intracellular iron concentrations for central and systemic metabolism as well as for erythropoiesis and oxygen transport. More than 1 billion people worldwide suffer from iron deficiency anemia (IDA), a state of systemic iron insufficiency that limits the production of red blood cells and leads to tissue hypoxia and intracellular iron stress. Despite this tremendous public health concern, very few genetic models of IDA are available to study its progression. Here we developed and characterized a novel genetic mouse model of IDA. We found that tamoxifen-inducible deletion of the mammalian iron exporter ferroportin exclusively in intestinal epithelial cells leads to loss of intestinal iron absorption. Ferroportin ablation yielded a robust phenotype of progressive IDA that develops in as little as 3 months following disruption of intestinal iron absorption. We noted that, at end-stage IDA, tissue-specific transcriptional stress responses occur in which the heart shows little to no hypoxic and iron stress compared with other peripheral organs. However, morphometric and echocardiographic analysis revealed massive cardiac hypertrophy and chamber dilation, albeit with increased cardiac output at very low basal heart rates. We propose that our intestine-specific ferroportin knockout mouse model of end-stage IDA could be used in future studies to investigate IDA progression and cell-specific responses to hypoxic and iron stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Schwartz
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Kimber Converso-Baran
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Daniel E Michele
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 .,Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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53
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Solanki S, Devenport SN, Ramakrishnan SK, Shah YM. Temporal induction of intestinal epithelial hypoxia-inducible factor-2α is sufficient to drive colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G98-G107. [PMID: 31241981 PMCID: PMC6734372 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00081.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a notable feature of inflammatory bowel disease and chronic induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α (endothelial PAS domain protein 1, EPAS1) play important, but opposing, roles in its pathogenesis. While activation of HIF-1α decreases intestinal inflammation and is beneficial in colitis, activation of HIF-2α exacerbates colitis and increases colon carcinogenesis in animal models, primarily due to the role of epithelial HIF-2α in mounting a potent inflammatory response. Previous work from our laboratory showed that mice overexpressing intestinal epithelial HIF-2α led to massive intestinal inflammation and decreased survival. As oxygen homeostasis and HIFs are critical in embryonic development, it is not clear whether the observed intestinal inflammatory response was secondary to developmental defects. To address this question, the present study used a mouse model to temporally modulate expression of intestinal epithelial HIF-2α to assess its role in mediating inflammatory response. Remarkably, activation of HIF-2α in intestinal epithelial cells in adult mice increased expression of proinflammatory mediators; however, no decrease in survival was observed. Furthermore, in an acute model of colitis, activation of HIF-2α was sufficient to exacerbate colitis. These data confirm our previous finding that epithelial HIF-2α mediates inflammatory response and demonstrates that activation of HIF-2α is sufficient to exacerbate colitis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the intestinal tract. Hypoxia and activation of its downstream transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α are notable features of IBD. HIF-1α has well-characterized protective roles in IBD; however, the role of HIF-2α has been less studied. Using novel HIF-2α mouse models, we show that activation of HIF-2α in intestinal epithelial cells is sufficient to exacerbate colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Solanki
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samantha N Devenport
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Strowitzki MJ, Ritter AS, Kimmer G, Schneider M. Hypoxia-adaptive pathways: A pharmacological target in fibrotic disease? Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104364. [PMID: 31376431 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing responses are physiological reactions to injuries and share common characteristics and phases independently of the injured organ or tissue. A major hallmark of wound healing responses is the formation of extra-cellular matrix (ECM), mainly consisting of collagen fibers, to restore the initial organ architecture and function. Overshooting wound healing responses result in unphysiological accumulation of ECM and collagen deposition, a process called fibrosis. Importantly, hypoxia (oxygen demand exceeds supply) plays a significant role during wound healing responses and fibrotic diseases. Under hypoxic conditions, cells activate a gene program, including the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which induces the expression of HIF target genes counteracting hypoxia. In contrast, in normoxia, so-called HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) oxygen-dependently hydroxylate HIF-α, which marks it for proteasomal degradation. Importantly, PHDs can be pharmacologically inhibited (PHI) by so-called PHD inhibitors. There is mounting evidence that the HIF-pathway is continuously up-regulated during the development of tissue fibrosis, and that pharmacological (HIFI) or genetic inhibition of HIF can prevent organ fibrosis. By contrast, initial (short-term) activation of the HIF pathway via PHI during wound healing seems to be beneficial in several models of inflammation or acute organ injury. Thus, timing and duration of PHI and HIFI treatment seem to be crucial. In this review, we will highlight the role of hypoxia-adaptive pathways during wound healing responses and development of fibrotic disease. Moreover, we will discuss whether PHI and HIFI might be a promising treatment option in fibrotic disease, and consider putative pitfalls that might result from this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz J Strowitzki
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alina S Ritter
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn Kimmer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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55
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Rohwer N, Jumpertz S, Erdem M, Egners A, Warzecha KT, Fragoulis A, Kühl AA, Kramann R, Neuss S, Rudolph I, Endermann T, Zasada C, Apostolova I, Gerling M, Kempa S, Hughes R, Lewis CE, Brenner W, Malinowski MB, Stockmann M, Schomburg L, Faller W, Sansom OJ, Tacke F, Morkel M, Cramer T. Non-canonical HIF-1 stabilization contributes to intestinal tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2019; 38:5670-5685. [PMID: 31043706 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1 is appreciated as a promising target for cancer therapy. However, conditional deletion of HIF-1 and HIF-1 target genes in cells of the tumor microenvironment can result in accelerated tumor growth, calling for a detailed characterization of the cellular context to fully comprehend HIF-1's role in tumorigenesis. We dissected cell type-specific functions of HIF-1 for intestinal tumorigenesis by lineage-restricted deletion of the Hif1a locus. Intestinal epithelial cell-specific Hif1a loss reduced activation of Wnt/β-catenin, tumor-specific metabolism and inflammation, significantly inhibiting tumor growth. Deletion of Hif1a in myeloid cells reduced the expression of fibroblast-activating factors in tumor-associated macrophages resulting in decreased abundance of tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAF) and robustly reduced tumor formation. Interestingly, hypoxia was detectable only sparsely and without spatial association with HIF-1α, arguing for an importance of hypoxia-independent, i.e., non-canonical, HIF-1 stabilization for intestinal tumorigenesis that has not been previously appreciated. This adds a further layer of complexity to the regulation of HIF-1 and suggests that hypoxia and HIF-1α stabilization can be uncoupled in cancer. Collectively, our data show that HIF-1 is a pivotal pro-tumorigenic factor for intestinal tumor formation, controlling key oncogenic programs in both the epithelial tumor compartment and the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Rohwer
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Jumpertz
- Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Merve Erdem
- Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Egners
- Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaudia T Warzecha
- Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Research Center Immunosciences, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Medicine II, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Pathology, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ines Rudolph
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Endermann
- Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Zasada
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivayla Apostolova
- Nuclear Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Gerling
- Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Russell Hughes
- Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Claire E Lewis
- Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Winfried Brenner
- Nuclear Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maciej B Malinowski
- Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department for General Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Stockmann
- Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - William Faller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Frank Tacke
- Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Institute for Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Cramer
- Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- ESCAM-European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Aachen, Germany.
- ESCAM-European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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56
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Liu Y, Zou X, Ou M, Ye X, Zhang B, Wu T, Dong S, Chen X, Liu H, Zheng Z, Zhao J, Wu J, Liu D, Wen Z, Wang Y, Zheng S, Zhu K, Huang X, Du X, Liang J, Luo X, Xie Y, Wu M, Lu C, Xie X, Liu K, Yuting Y, Qi G, Jing C, Yang G. Toxoplasma gondii Cathepsin C1 inhibits NF-κB signalling through the positive regulation of the HIF-1α/EPO axis. Acta Trop 2019; 195:35-43. [PMID: 31004564 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii has evolved many successful strategies for immune evasion. However, the parasite-derived effectors involved in modulating NF-κB signalling pathway are largely unknown. T. gondii Cathepsin C1 (CPC1) is widely conserved among T. gondii strains and is important for T. gondii intracellular growth and proliferation. Our study showed that CPC1 protein could abrogate NF-κB activation after screening dense granule proteins. CPC1 suppressed NF-κB activation at or downstream of p65 and decreased the production of IL-1, IL-8, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. Western blot analysis revealed that CPC1 inhibited phospho-p65 and CPC1 proteins primarily settled in cytoplasm. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that overexpression of CPC1 significantly upregulated erythropoietin (EPO), which can be induced by the hypoxia-inducible factor -1α (HIF-1α) during hypoxia. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that CPC1 upregulated HIF-1α. Finally, both the knockdown of EPO and restriction of HIF-1α partially eliminated the suppression impact of CPC1 on the NF-κB signalling pathway. Our study identified a previously unrecognized role of CPC1 in the negative regulation of NF-κB activation through positive regulation of the HIF-1α/EPO axis. For the first time, CPC1 was shown to play an important role in immune evasion during T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Ou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Ye
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohuan Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyuan Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shirui Dong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jierong Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoling Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kehui Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuben Du
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congying Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kailiang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yuting
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guolong Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of environmental exposure and health in Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health in Guangzhou, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of environmental exposure and health in Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health in Guangzhou, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The key laboratory for virology of Guangzhou, College of life science and technology, Jinan University, China.
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57
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Chen YL, Zheng YY, Dai YC, Zhang YL, Tang ZP. Systems pharmacology approach reveals protective mechanisms of Jian-Pi Qing-Chang decoction on ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2603-2622. [PMID: 31210713 PMCID: PMC6558442 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i21.2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the complex pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), the conventional therapeutic methods are not fully curative. As a sort of systematic complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides new options for the standard therapy. Nevertheless, there are still numerous problems with the promotion of TCM attributed to its complexity, and consequently, new research approaches are urgently needed. Thus, we explored the protective effects of Jian-Pi Qing-Chang (JPQC) decoction on UC based on systems pharmacology approach, which might fill the current innovation gap in drug discovery and clinical practice pertaining to TCM.
AIM To investigate the protective mechanisms of JPQC decoction on UC based on systems pharmacology approach.
METHODS We performed systems pharmacology to predict the active ingredients, the matched targets, and the potential pharmacological mechanism of JPQC on UC. In vivo, we explored the effects of JPQC in a colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium. In vitro, we adopted the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) as well as BMDMs co-cultured with Caco2 cells to verify the underlying mechanisms and effects of JPQC on UC under TNF-α stimulation.
RESULTS Systems pharmacology revealed 170 targets for the 107 active ingredients of JPQC and 112 candidate targets of UC. Protein-protein interaction networks were established to identify the underlying therapeutic targets of JPQC on UC. Based on enrichment analyses, we proposed our hypothesis that JPQC might have a protective effect on UC via the NF-κB/HIF-1α signalling pathway. Subsequent experimental validation revealed that treatment with TNFα activated the NF-κB/HIF-1α signalling pathway in BMDMs, thereby damaging the epithelial barrier permeability in co-cultured Caco2 cells, while JPQC rescued this situation. The findings were also confirmed in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model.
CONCLUSION JPQC could improve the mucosal inflammatory response and intestinal epithelial barrier function via the NF-κB/HIF-1α signalling pathway, which provides new perspectives on the pharmaceutical development and clinical practice of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lan Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Zheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Dai
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Tang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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58
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Buccioni M, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Martí Navia A, Ricciutelli M, Spinaci A, Volpini R, Marucci G. New sensible method to quantize the intestinal absorption of receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3328-3333. [PMID: 31230970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, special attention has been paid to the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) as a possible pharmacological target to treat intestinal inflammation. In this work, it was set up a novel method to quantify the concentration of a promising anti-inflammatory agent inside and outside of intestinal barrier using the everted gut sac technique. The compound chosen for the present study is one of the most potent and selective A3AR agonist reported so far, named AR 170 (N6-methyl-2-phenylethynyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine). In order to evaluate the intestinal absorption of AR 170 the radioligand binding assay in comparison with HPLC-DAD was used. Results showed that the compound is absorbed via passive diffusion by paracellular pathway. The concentrations determined in the serosal (inside the sac) fluid by radioligand binding assay are in good agreement with those obtained through the widely used HPLC/MS protocol, demonstrating the reliability of the method. It is worthwhile to note that the radioligand binding assay allows detecting very low concentrations of analyte, thus offering an excellent tool to measure the intestinal absorption of receptor ligands. Moreover, the AR 170 quantity outside the gut sac and the interaction with A3AR could presuppose good topical anti-inflammatory effects of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Buccioni
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Aleix Martí Navia
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Ricciutelli
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Notch and mTOR Signaling Pathways Promote Human Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation. Neoplasia 2019; 21:702-712. [PMID: 31129492 PMCID: PMC6536707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch pathway signaling is known to promote gastric stem cell proliferation, and constitutive pathway activation induces gastric tumors via mTORC1 activation in mouse genetic models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether human gastric adenocarcinomas are similarly dependent on Notch and mTORC1 signaling for growth. Gene expression profiling of 415 human gastric adenocarcinomas in The Cancer Genome Atlas, and a small set of locally obtained gastric cancers showed enhanced expression of Notch pathway components, including Notch ligands, receptors and downstream target genes. Human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and chemically induced mouse gastric tumors both exhibited heightened Notch and mTORC1 pathway signaling activity, as evidenced by increased expression of the NOTCH1 receptor signaling fragment NICD, the Notch target HES1, and the mTORC1 target phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein. Pharmacologic inhibition of either Notch or mTORC1 signaling reduced growth of human gastric cancer cell lines, with combined pathway inhibition causing a further reduction in growth, suggesting that both pathways are activated to promote gastric cancer cell proliferation. Further, mTORC1 signaling was reduced after Notch inhibition suggesting that mTOR is downstream of Notch in gastric cancer cells. Analysis of human gastric organoids derived from paired control and gastric cancer tissues also exhibited reduced growth in culture after Notch or mTOR inhibition. Thus, our studies demonstrate that Notch and mTOR signaling pathways are commonly activated in human gastric cancer to promote cellular proliferation. Targeting these pathways in combination might be an effective therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer treatment.
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60
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Dar WA, Sullivan E, Bynon JS, Eltzschig H, Ju C. Ischaemia reperfusion injury in liver transplantation: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Liver Int 2019; 39:788-801. [PMID: 30843314 PMCID: PMC6483869 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease causing end organ failure is a growing cause of mortality. In most cases, the only therapy is liver transplantation. However, liver transplantation is a complex undertaking and its success is dependent on a number of factors. In particular, liver transplantation is subject to the risks of ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Liver IRI has significant effects on the function of a liver after transplantation. The cellular and molecular mechanisms governing IRI in liver transplantation are numerous. They involve multiple cells types such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, neutrophils and platelets acting via an interconnected network of molecular pathways such as activation of toll-like receptor signalling, alterations in micro-RNA expression, production of ROS, regulation of autophagy and activation of hypoxia-inducible factors. Interestingly, the cellular and molecular events in liver IRI can be correlated with clinical risk factors for IRI in liver transplantation such as donor organ steatosis, ischaemic times, donor age, and donor and recipient coagulopathy. Thus, understanding the relationship of the clinical risk factors for liver IRI to the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern it is critical to higher levels of success after liver transplantation. This in turn will help in the discovery of therapeutics for IRI in liver transplantation - a process that will lead to improved outcomes for patients suffering from end-stage liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim A. Dar
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX
| | - Elise Sullivan
- Department of Anesthesia, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX
| | - John S. Bynon
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX
| | - Holger Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesia, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesia, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX
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61
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Wen B, Taibi A, Villa CR, Lee SH, Sagaidak S, Comelli EM. Effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum in Mice Infected with Citrobacter rodentium. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020051. [PMID: 30769786 PMCID: PMC6407003 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that selected Bifidobacterium bifidum strains sustain intestinal homeostasis. This study aimed to examine whether the administration of B. bifidum MIMBb75 (BB75) attenuates Citrobacter rodentium infection, a murine model for enteric infection and inflammatory bowel disease in humans. C57Bl6/J mice were randomized to receive BB75 daily starting before or after C. rodentium infection. BB75 load and infection kinetics were monitored. On day 10 post-infection (p.i.), histological parameters of the large intestine were assessed. Barrier integrity was evaluated by pathogen translocation to secondary organs and in vivo permeability test. Fecal C. rodentium load peaked at 1010 CFU/g at day 10 p.i., with clearance at day 24 p.i., regardless of probiotic treatment. BB75 administration resulted in 107 cells/g of feces with no effect of timing of administration. BB75 treatment did not attenuate C. rodentium-induced crypt hyperplasia nor inflammation. C. rodentium and BB75 can co-exist in the gut with no mutual displacement. However, BB75 cannot counteract C. rodentium pathology. Our findings provide insight for the understanding of probiotics behavior and their clinical relevance in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Wen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Amel Taibi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Christopher R Villa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Shin-Hann Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Sofia Sagaidak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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62
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Quirós M, Nusrat A. Contribution of Wound-Associated Cells and Mediators in Orchestrating Gastrointestinal Mucosal Wound Repair. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 81:189-209. [PMID: 30354933 PMCID: PMC7871200 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucosa, structurally formed by the epithelium and lamina propria, serves as a selective barrier that separates luminal contents from the underlying tissues. Gastrointestinal mucosal wound repair is orchestrated by a series of spatial and temporal events that involve the epithelium, recruited immune cells, resident stromal cells, and the microbiota present in the wound bed. Upon injury, repair of the gastrointestinal barrier is mediated by collective migration, proliferation, and subsequent differentiation of epithelial cells. Epithelial repair is intimately regulated by a number of wound-associated cells that include immune cells and stromal cells in addition to mediators released by luminal microbiota. The highly regulated interaction of these cell types is perturbed in chronic inflammatory diseases that are associated with impaired wound healing. An improved understanding of prorepair mechanisms in the gastrointestinal mucosa will aid in the development of novel therapeutics that promote mucosal healing and reestablish the critical epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quirós
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; ,
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; ,
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63
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Pan W, Liu C, Zhang J, Gao X, Yu S, Tan H, Yu J, Qian D, Li J, Bian S, Yang J, Zhang C, Huang L, Jin J. Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in PPARA and EPAS1 Genes and High-Altitude Appetite Loss in Chinese Young Men. Front Physiol 2019; 10:59. [PMID: 30778304 PMCID: PMC6369186 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Appetite loss is a common symptom that occurs in high altitude (HA) for lowlanders. Previous studies indicated that hypoxia is the initiating vital factor of HA appetite loss. PPARA, EPAS1, EGLN1, HIF1A, HIF1AN, and NFE2L2 play important roles in hypoxic responses. We aimed to explore the association of these hypoxia-related gene polymorphisms with HA appetite loss. In this study, we enrolled 416 young men who rapidly ascended to Lhasa (3700 m) from Chengdu (<500m) by plane. PPARA, EPAS1, EGLN1, HIF1A, HIF1AN, and NFE2L2 were genotyped by MassARRAY. Appetite scores were measured to identify HA appetite loss. Logistic regression and multiple genetic models were tested to evaluate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk of HA appetite loss in crude and adjusted (age and SaO2) analysis. Subsequently, Haploview software was used to analyze the linkage disequilibrium (LD), haplotype construction and the association of diverse haplotypes with the risk of HA appetite loss. Our results revealed that allele “A” in PPARA rs4253747 was significantly associated with the increased risk of HA appetite loss. Codominant, dominant, recessive, and log-additive models of PPARA rs4253747 showed the increased risk of HA appetite loss in the crude and adjusted analysis. However, only dominant, overdominant, and log-additive models of EPAS1 rs6756667 showed decreased risk of HA appetite loss in the crude and adjusted analysis. Moreover, the results from haplotype-based test showed that the rs7292407-rs6520015 haplotype “AC” was associated with HA appetite loss in the crude analysis rather than the adjusted analysis. In this study, we first established the association of SNPs in PPARA (rs4253747) and EPAS1 (rs6756667) genes with susceptibility to HA appetite loss in Han Chinese young men. These findings provide novel insights into understanding the mechanisms involved in HA appetite loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jihang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xubin Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hu Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dehui Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiabei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shizhu Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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64
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Intestinal organoids: A new paradigm for engineering intestinal epithelium in vitro. Biomaterials 2019; 194:195-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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65
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Ma X, Das NK, Castillo C, Gourani A, Perekatt AO, Verzi MP, Shah YM. SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) and SMAD4 repress HIF2α-dependent iron-regulatory genes. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3974-3986. [PMID: 30659096 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) directly regulates a battery of genes essential for intestinal iron absorption. Interestingly, iron deficiency and overload disorders do not result in increased intestinal expression of glycolytic or angiogenic HIF2α target genes. Similarly, inflammatory and tumor foci can induce a distinct subset of HIF2α target genes in vivo These observations indicate that different stimuli activate distinct subsets of HIF2α target genes via mechanisms that remain unclear. Here, we conducted a high-throughput siRNA-based screen to identify genes that regulate HIF2α's transcriptional activity on the promoter of the iron transporter gene divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1). SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) and SMAD4 were identified as potential transcriptional repressors. Further analysis revealed that SMAD4 signaling selectively represses iron-absorptive gene promoters but not the inflammatory or glycolytic HIF2α or HIF1α target genes. Moreover, the highly homologous SMAD2 did not alter HIF2α transcriptional activity. During iron deficiency, SMAD3 and SMAD4 expression was significantly decreased via proteasomal degradation, allowing for derepression of iron target genes. Several iron-regulatory genes contain a SMAD-binding element (SBE) in their proximal promoters; however, mutation of the putative SBE on the DMT1 promoter did not alter the repressive function of SMAD3 or SMAD4. Importantly, the transcription factor forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) was critical in SMAD4-induced DMT1 repression, and DNA binding of SMAD4 was essential for the repression of HIF2α activity, suggesting an indirect repressive mechanism through DNA binding. These results provide mechanistic clues to how HIF signaling can be regulated by different cellular cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ma
- From the Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Nupur K Das
- From the Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | | | - Ayla Gourani
- From the Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Ansu O Perekatt
- the Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute, and Rutgers Cancer Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Michael P Verzi
- the Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute, and Rutgers Cancer Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- From the Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and .,Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 and
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66
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Watts ER, Walmsley SR. Inflammation and Hypoxia: HIF and PHD Isoform Selectivity. Trends Mol Med 2018; 25:33-46. [PMID: 30442494 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to hypoxia through the activity of the transcription factor HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) and its regulatory hydroxylases, the prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs). Multiple isoforms of HIFs and PHDs exist, and isoform-selective roles have been identified in the context of the inflammatory environment, which is itself frequently hypoxic. Recent advances in the field have highlighted the complexity of this system, particularly with regards to the cell and context-specific activity of HIFs and PHDs. Because novel therapeutic agents which regulate this pathway are nearing the clinic, understanding the role of HIFs and PHDs in inflammation outcomes is an essential step in avoiding off-target effects and, crucially, in developing new anti-inflammatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Watts
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sarah R Walmsley
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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67
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Lin N, Shay JES, Xie H, Lee DSM, Skuli N, Tang Q, Zhou Z, Azzam A, Meng H, Wang H, FitzGerald GA, Simon MC. Myeloid Cell Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Promote Resolution of Inflammation in Experimental Colitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2565. [PMID: 30455703 PMCID: PMC6230677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic tissues in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients exhibit oxygen deprivation and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and 2α (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), which mediate cellular adaptation to hypoxic stress. Notably, macrophages and neutrophils accumulate preferentially in hypoxic regions of the inflamed colon, suggesting that myeloid cell functions in colitis are HIF-dependent. By depleting ARNT (the obligate heterodimeric binding partner for both HIFα subunits) in a murine model, we demonstrate here that myeloid HIF signaling promotes the resolution of acute colitis. Specifically, myeloid pan-HIF deficiency exacerbates infiltration of pro-inflammatory neutrophils and Ly6C+ monocytic cells into diseased tissue. Myeloid HIF ablation also hinders macrophage functional conversion to a protective, pro-resolving phenotype, and elevates gut serum amyloid A levels during the resolution phase of colitis. Therefore, myeloid cell HIF signaling is required for efficient resolution of inflammatory damage in colitis, implicating serum amyloid A in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica E S Shay
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Xie
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David S M Lee
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qiaosi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zilu Zhou
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Azzam
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hu Meng
- Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Haichao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, United States.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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68
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Zhou H, Zhang HJ, Guan L, Zhang YN, Li Y, Sun MJ. Mechanism and therapeutic effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on experimental colitis in mice. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5652-5662. [PMID: 30387820 PMCID: PMC6236308 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of chronic inflammatory disturbance that affects a number of individuals worldwide; the precise mechanism is unclear and treatment is frequently insufficient to maintain patients in remission. Saccharomyces boulardii is a thermophilic, non‑pathogenic yeast that may be administered for prophylaxis and treatment of a variety of diarrheal diseases. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that it may have a role in IBD; however, the mechanism of action is unclear. The hypoxia‑inducible factors (HIFs) are ubiquitously expressed regulators of cellular adaptation to hypoxia and are central to the adaptive and inflammatory responses of cells of the intestinal mucosa in patients with IBD. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of S. boulardii on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‑induced colitis in mice and the effects of S. boulardii on HIFs. Mice were divided into five groups (n=10 mice/group): i) Control; ii) DSS; iii) S. boulardii (Sb) + DSS; iv) normal saline (NS) + DSS; and v) Sb. For 14 consecutive days, mice from the Sb+DSS and Sb groups were given S. boulardii suspension in saline (150 mg/kg/day; final volume 0.2 ml) by oral gavage. The NS+DSS group received the same volume of NS by gavage. The Control mice received water only. From day 8 to day 14, 3.5% DSS was added to the drinking water of the DSS, Sb+DSS and NS+DSS groups to induce acute colitis. Body weight decreased and disease activity index and histological score increased in mice with DSS‑induced colitis. Oral administration of S. boulardii reduced DSS‑induced weight loss, ameliorated the histological damage and protected the colon barrier in mice with DSS‑induced colitis. The expression of HIF‑1α and HIF‑2α in colon tissues was measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The increase in HIFs in the colon induced by DSS was significantly inhibited by S. boulardii treatment. The expression levels of several epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that are regulated by HIFs were measured. S. boulardii reduced EMT and decreased expression of VEGF that was induced by DSS treatment. These results indicated that treatment with S. boulardii ameliorated DSS‑induced colitis, partly through downregulation of HIF‑1α and HIF‑2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
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69
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Myc-Associated Zinc Finger Protein Regulates the Proinflammatory Response in Colitis and Colon Cancer via STAT3 Signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00386-18. [PMID: 30181395 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00386-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc-associated zinc finger (MAZ) is a transcription factor highly upregulated in chronic inflammatory disease and several human cancers. In the present study, we found that MAZ protein is highly expressed in human ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. However, the precise role for MAZ in the progression of colitis and colon cancer is not well defined. To determine the function of MAZ, a novel mouse model of intestinal epithelial cell-specific MAZ overexpression was generated. Expression of MAZ in intestinal epithelial cells was sufficient to enhance inflammatory injury in two complementary models of colitis. Moreover, MAZ expression increased tumorigenesis in an in vivo model of inflammation-induced colon cancer and was important for growth of human colon cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo Mechanistically, MAZ is critical in the regulation of oncogenic STAT3 signaling. MAZ-expressing mice have enhanced STAT3 activation in the acute response to colitis. Moreover, MAZ was essential for cytokine- and bacterium-induced STAT3 signaling in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that STAT3 is essential for MAZ-induced colon tumorigenesis using a chemical inhibitor. These data indicate an important functional role for MAZ in the inflammatory progression of colon cancer through regulation of STAT3 signaling and suggest that MAZ is a potential therapeutic target to dampen STAT3 signaling in colon cancer.
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70
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Simmen S, Cosin-Roger J, Melhem H, Maliachovas N, Maane M, Baebler K, Weder B, Maeyashiki C, Spanaus K, Scharl M, de Vallière C, Zeitz J, Vavricka SR, Hausmann M, Rogler G, Ruiz PA. Iron Prevents Hypoxia-Associated Inflammation Through the Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB in the Intestinal Epithelium. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:339-355. [PMID: 30704983 PMCID: PMC6357696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hypoxia-associated pathways influence the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Adaptive responses to hypoxia are mediated through hypoxia-inducible factors, which are regulated by iron-dependent hydroxylases. Signals reflecting oxygen tension and iron levels in enterocytes regulate iron metabolism. Conversely, iron availability modulates responses to hypoxia. In the present study we sought to elucidate how iron influences the responses to hypoxia in the intestinal epithelium. METHODS Human subjects were exposed to hypoxia, and colonic biopsy specimens and serum samples were collected. HT-29, Caco-2, and T84 cells were subjected to normoxia or hypoxia in the presence of iron or the iron chelator deferoxamine. Changes in inflammatory gene expression and signaling were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed using antibodies against nuclear factor (NF)-κB and primers for the promoter of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)1β. RESULTS Human subjects presented reduced levels of ferritin in the intestinal epithelium after hypoxia. Hypoxia reduced iron deprivation-associated TNF and IL1β expression in HT-29 cells through the induction of autophagy. Contrarily, hypoxia triggered TNF and IL1β expression, and NF-κB activation in Caco-2 and T84 cells. Iron blocked autophagy in Caco-2 cells, while reducing hypoxia-associated TNF and IL1β expression through the inhibition of NF-κB binding to the promoter of TNF and IL1β. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia promotes iron mobilization from the intestinal epithelium. Hypoxia-associated autophagy reduces inflammatory processes in HT-29 cells. In Caco-2 cells, iron uptake is essential to counteract hypoxia-induced inflammation. Iron mobilization into enterocytes may be a vital protective mechanism in the hypoxic inflamed mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Simmen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Maliachovas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Maane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiaki Maeyashiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Spanaus
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Center of Gastroenterology, Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R. Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Pedro A. Ruiz-Castro, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Wehn PM, Rizzi JP, Dixon DD, Grina JA, Schlachter ST, Wang B, Xu R, Yang H, Du X, Han G, Wang K, Cao Z, Cheng T, Czerwinski RM, Goggin BS, Huang H, Halfmann MM, Maddie MA, Morton EL, Olive SR, Tan H, Xie S, Wong T, Josey JA, Wallace EM. Design and Activity of Specific Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α (HIF-2α) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Discovery of Clinical Candidate (S)-3-((2,2-Difluoro-1-hydroxy-7-(methylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy)-5-fluorobenzonitrile (PT2385). J Med Chem 2018; 61:9691-9721. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Wehn
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - James P. Rizzi
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Darryl D. Dixon
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Jonas A. Grina
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Stephen T. Schlachter
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Rui Xu
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Hanbiao Yang
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Xinlin Du
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Guangzhou Han
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Keshi Wang
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Zhaodan Cao
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Tzuling Cheng
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Robert M. Czerwinski
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Barry S. Goggin
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Heli Huang
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Megan M. Halfmann
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Melissa A. Maddie
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Emily L. Morton
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Sarah R. Olive
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Huiling Tan
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Shanhai Xie
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Tai Wong
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - John A. Josey
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Eli M. Wallace
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., 2330 Inwood Road, Suite 226, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
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72
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Huang S, Rehman MU, Qiu G, Luo H, Iqbal MK, Zhang H, Mehmood K, Li J. Tibial dyschondroplasia is closely related to suppression of expression of hypoxia-inducible factors 1α, 2α, and 3α in chickens. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:107-115. [PMID: 28693310 PMCID: PMC5799387 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.1.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) cases has not been reported in Tibetan chickens (TBCs), but it is commonly seen in commercial broilers characterized by lameness. The underlying mechanism remains unclear. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are important regulators of cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions. In this study, we investigated the role of HIF-1α, -2α, and -3α in hypoxia and thiram-induced TD and their effect on tibial growth plate development in Arbor Acres chickens (AACs) and TBCs. RNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α, -2α, and -3α were determined by using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses, respectively. Interestingly, the results showed that HIF-1α, -2α, and -3α expressions in the tibial growth plate of TBCs were upregulated by hypoxia and the change was more significant in TBCs than in AACs. However, these factors were downregulated in thiram-induced TD. To further clarify the effect of thiram on tibial growth plate in commercial broilers, AACs were observed to exhibit more pronounced changes in their growth plate that that in TBCs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HIF-1α, -2α, and -3α may be important in tibial growth plate development and in the prevention of TD. The present study contributes novel insights on a therapeutic target for poultry TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mujeeb U Rehman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Houqiang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Animal Science Department, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Muhammad K Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, Tibet, China
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73
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Xie Y, Yuan T, Qin Y, Weng Z, Fang J. Prolyl hydroxylase 2 is dispensable for homeostasis of intestinal epithelium in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:540-546. [PMID: 29688249 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1-3) hydroxylate hypoxia inducible factor α (HIFα), leading to HIFα ubiquitination and degradation. Recent studies indicated that administration of generic inhibitors of PHDs improved mice colitis, suggesting that suppression of PHD activity by these inhibitors may be a potential strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the exact role of each member of PHD family in homeostasis of intestinal epithelium remains elusive. The aim of this work is to study the possible role of PHD2 by using mice with genetic ablation of Phd2 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We found that deletion of PHD2 in IECs did not lead to spontaneous enteritis or colitis in mice. Deletion of PHD2 in IECs did not confer upon mice higher susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Furthermore, in a colitis-associated colon cancer model, the PHD2-conditional knockout mice had similar susceptibility to azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic tumorigenesis as control mice did. Our results suggest that PHD2 is dispensable for maintenance of intestinal epithelium homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Xie
- Laboratory for Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tanglong Yuan
- Laboratory for Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanqing Qin
- Laboratory for Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhonghui Weng
- Laboratory for Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Laboratory for Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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74
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Park MJ, Iyer S, Xue X, Cunha JB, Gu S, Moons D, Pipe SW, Williams JA, Simeone DM, Shah YM, Omary MB. HIF1-alpha Regulates Acinar Cell Function and Response to Injury in Mouse Pancreas. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1630-1634.e3. [PMID: 29409830 PMCID: PMC5927829 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether intrapancreatic coagulation, with deposition of the fibrinogen-γ dimer (Fib-γD) and hypoxia, affect the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) in mice. Pancreata of mice with AP induced by administration of cerulein or by L-arginine, or from patients with pancreatitis, had increased deposition of Fib-γD compared with control pancreata. Heparin administration protected mice from cerulein-induced AP and prevented Fib-γD formation. Cerulein administration resulted in activation and stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) in pancreata of oxygen-dependent degradation domain-luciferase HIF1α reporter mice. Cerulein also led to induction of genes regulated by HIF1α, including Vegfa and Ero1a, before evidence of Fib-γD deposition or histologic features of AP. Expression of tissue factor, which is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor, also increased following cerulein administration. Mice with acinar cell-specific disruption of Hif1a (Hif1aAc-/-) developed spontaneous endoplasmic reticulum stress and less severe AP, but did not accumulate Fib-γD following administration of cerulein. Feeding mice increased pancreatic expression of HIF1α, indicating a physiologic role in the exocrine pancreas. Therefore, HIF1α has bifunctional roles, in exocrine pancreas homeostasis and progression of AP that is promoted by intrapancreatic coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Sapna Iyer
- Research & Development, Protein and Cell Analysis, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bangalore, India
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan
| | | | - Shufang Gu
- Department of Pediatric and Communicable Disease, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan
| | - David Moons
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan
| | - Steven W. Pipe
- Department of Pediatric and Communicable Disease, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan
| | - John A. Williams
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan
| | - Diane M. Simeone
- Departments of General Surgery and Pathology, New York University
| | - Yatrik M. Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan,Address correspondence to: Min-Jung Park ()
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75
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Zhang SY, Dong YQ, Wang P, Zhang X, Yan Y, Sun L, Liu B, Zhang D, Zhang H, Liu H, Kong W, Hu G, Shah YM, Gonzalez FJ, Wang X, Jiang C. Adipocyte-derived Lysophosphatidylcholine Activates Adipocyte and Adipose Tissue Macrophage Nod-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasomes Mediating Homocysteine-Induced Insulin Resistance. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:202-216. [PMID: 29735414 PMCID: PMC6013933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome senses danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and initiates insulin resistance, but the mechanisms of adipose inflammasome activation remains elusive. In this study, Homocysteine (Hcy) is revealed to be a DAMP that activates adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasomes, participating in insulin resistance. Hcy-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes were observed in both adipocytes and adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and mediated insulin resistance. Lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) acted as a second signal activator, mediating Hcy-induced adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Hcy elevated adipocyte lyso-PC generation in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1)-phospholipase A2 group 16 (PLA2G16) axis-dependent manner. Lyso-PC derived from the Hcy-induced adipocyte also activated ATM NLRP3 inflammasomes in a paracrine manner. This study demonstrated that Hcy activates adipose NLRP3 inflammasomes in an adipocyte lyso-PC-dependent manner and highlights the importance of the adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasome in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiang Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
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76
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Li H, Liang Y, Lai X, Wang W, Zhang J, Chen S. Genetic Deletion of Fbw7 in the mouse intestinal epithelium aggravated dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by modulating the inflammatory response of NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:869-876. [PMID: 29550488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fbw7 is a type of E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets various proteins for degradation and has been found to have a high expression level in progenitor cells. Deletion of Fbw7 in the intestine results in the accumulation of progenitor cells. Moreover, Fbw7 loss increases the susceptibility of colorectal cancer. However, the involvement of Fbw7 in the progress and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still controversial. To identify the function of Fbw7 on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colonic inflammation, we generated Fbw7ΔG mice, lacking Fbw7 specifically in intestinal epithelium. Colitis was induced in male Fbw7 ΔG and wild-type (WT) mice (both age and body weight matched) by treating with 3% DSS in drinking water. We demonstrate that deletion of Fbw7 in the mouse intestinal epithelium aggravates DSS-induced colitis, showing inflammatory response and reduced survival rate. Furthermore, we found that Fbw7 loss caused activation of NF-κB signaling. Thus, FBW7 plays a protective role in acute intestinal inflammation by modulating the inflammatory response of NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ye Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Suning Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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77
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Bowser JL, Phan LH, Eltzschig HK. The Hypoxia-Adenosine Link during Intestinal Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:897-907. [PMID: 29358413 PMCID: PMC5784778 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a key element in inflammatory bowel disease and is related to a combination of factors, including genetics, mucosal barrier dysfunction, bacteria translocation, deleterious host-microbe interactions, and dysregulated immune responses. Over the past decade, it has been appreciated that these inflammatory lesions are associated with profound tissue hypoxia. Interestingly, an endogenous adaptive response under the control of hypoxia signaling is enhancement in adenosine signaling, which impacts these different endpoints, including promoting barrier function and encouraging anti-inflammatory activity. In this review, we discuss the hypoxia-adenosine link in inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, and colon cancer. In addition, we provide a summary of clinical implications of hypoxia and adenosine signaling in intestinal inflammation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bowser
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Luan H Phan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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78
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HIF1 α-Induced Glycolysis Metabolism Is Essential to the Activation of Inflammatory Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9029327. [PMID: 29386753 PMCID: PMC5745720 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9029327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α is a metabolic regulator that plays an important role in immunologic responses. Previous studies have demonstrated that HIF1α participates in the M1 polarization of macrophages. To clarify the mechanism of HIF1α-induced polarization of M1 macrophage, myeloid-specific HIF1α overexpression (Lysm HIF1α lsl) mice were employed and the bone marrow-derived and peritoneal macrophages were isolated. RT-PCR results revealed that HIF1α overexpression macrophage had a hyperinflammatory state characterized by the upregulation of M1 markers. Cellular bioenergetics analysis showed lower cellular oxygen consumption rates in the Lysm HIF1α lsl mice. Metabolomics studies showed that HIF1α overexpression led to increased glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway intermediates. Further results revealed that macrophage M1 polarization, induced by HIF1α overexpression, was via upregulating the mRNA expression of the genes related to the glycolysis metabolism. Our results indicate that HIF1α promoted macrophage glycolysis metabolism, which induced M1 polarization in mice.
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79
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Xue X, Jungles K, Onder G, Samhoun J, Győrffy B, Hardiman KM. HIF-3α1 promotes colorectal tumor cell growth by activation of JAK-STAT3 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11567-79. [PMID: 26871465 PMCID: PMC4905494 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic environment is critical in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Most studies have mainly focused on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α as the major hypoxic transcription factors in CRC development and progression. However, the role of HIF-3α in CRC is not clear. Here we found that HIF-3α protein was increased in colorectal tumors from both mouse models and human patients. Moreover, increased HIF-3α expression was correlated with decreased survival. Overexpression of a long isoform of HIF-3α, HIF-3α1, increased cell growth in two CRC cell lines. Surprisingly, overexpressed HIF-3α1 was localized to the cytosol and increased phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3). STAT3 inhibition effectively reduced p-STAT3 levels and cell growth induced by HIF-3α1. The activation of p-STAT3 was independent of the transcriptional activity of HIF-3α1. However, the inhibition of the upstream regulator Janus kinase (JAK) abolished HIF-3α1-induced p-STAT3 and cell growth. Together, these results demonstrated that HIF-3α1 promotes CRC cell growth by activation of the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway through non-canonical transcription-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xue
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kylie Jungles
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Gunseli Onder
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jalal Samhoun
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Karin M Hardiman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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80
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Brown E, Taylor CT. Hypoxia-sensitive pathways in intestinal inflammation. J Physiol 2017; 596:2985-2989. [PMID: 29114885 DOI: 10.1113/jp274350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common chronic intestinal disorder characterised by a loss of epithelial barrier function leading to the unregulated movement of luminal antigenic material into mucosal tissue with resultant inflammation. In IBD, multiple components of the inflammatory response lead to tissue hypoxia. Mucosal hypoxia leads to the inactivation of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing (PHD) enzymes, which in turn leads to the stabilisation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which induces the expression of barrier protective genes. Furthermore, pharmacological hydroxylase inhibition has been shown to be protective in colitis, at least in part through enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier function through HIF-1-dependent barrier-protective gene expression. Therefore, targeting hypoxia-sensitive pathways represents a new and promising therapeutic approach in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brown
- UCD Conway Institute & School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute & School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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81
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Xie C, Yagai T, Luo Y, Liang X, Chen T, Wang Q, Sun D, Zhao J, Ramakrishnan SK, Sun L, Jiang C, Xue X, Tian Y, Krausz KW, Patterson AD, Shah YM, Wu Y, Jiang C, Gonzalez FJ. Activation of intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor 2α during obesity contributes to hepatic steatosis. Nat Med 2017; 23:1298-1308. [PMID: 29035368 PMCID: PMC6410352 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is becoming the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries, and limited therapeutic options are available. Here we uncovered a role for intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in hepatic steatosis. Human-intestine biopsies from individuals with or without obesity revealed that intestinal HIF-2α signaling was positively correlated with body-mass index and hepatic toxicity. The causality of this correlation was verified in mice with an intestine-specific disruption of Hif2a, in which high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis and obesity were substantially lower as compared to control mice. PT2385, a HIF-2α-specific inhibitor, had preventive and therapeutic effects on metabolic disorders that were dependent on intestine HIF-2α. Intestine HIF-2α inhibition markedly reduced intestine and serum ceramide levels. Mechanistically, intestine HIF-2α regulates ceramide metabolism mainly from the salvage pathway, by positively regulating the expression of Neu3, the gene encoding neuraminidase 3. These results suggest that intestinal HIF-2α could be a viable target for hepatic steatosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Xie
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tomoki Yagai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xianyi Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dongxue Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jie Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- These authors jointly directed this work
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- These authors jointly directed this work
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82
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Quantitative proteomics identifies STEAP4 as a critical regulator of mitochondrial dysfunction linking inflammation and colon cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9608-E9617. [PMID: 29078383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712946114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder and is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Hypoxia is a feature of IBD and modulates cellular and mitochondrial metabolism. However, the role of hypoxic metabolism in IBD is unclear. Because mitochondrial dysfunction is an early hallmark of hypoxia and inflammation, an unbiased proteomics approach was used to assess the mitochondria in a mouse model of colitis. Through this analysis, we identified a ferrireductase: six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (STEAP4) was highly induced in mouse models of colitis and in IBD patients. STEAP4 was regulated in a hypoxia-dependent manner that led to a dysregulation in mitochondrial iron balance, enhanced reactive oxygen species production, and increased susceptibility to mouse models of colitis. Mitochondrial iron chelation therapy improved colitis and demonstrated an essential role of mitochondrial iron dysregulation in the pathogenesis of IBD. To address if mitochondrial iron dysregulation is a key mechanism by which inflammation impacts colon tumorigenesis, STEAP4 expression, function, and mitochondrial iron chelation were assessed in a colitis-associated colon cancer model (CAC). STEAP4 was increased in human CRC and predicted poor prognosis. STEAP4 and mitochondrial iron increased tumor number and burden in a CAC model. These studies demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial iron homeostasis in IBD and CRC.
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83
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Van Welden S, Selfridge AC, Hindryckx P. Intestinal hypoxia and hypoxia-induced signalling as therapeutic targets for IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 14:596-611. [PMID: 28853446 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia occurs when local oxygen demand exceeds oxygen supply. In chronic inflammatory conditions such as IBD, the increased oxygen demand by resident and gut-infiltrating immune cells coupled with vascular dysfunction brings about a marked reduction in mucosal oxygen concentrations. To counter the hypoxic challenge and ensure their survival, mucosal cells induce adaptive responses, including the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and modulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Both pathways are tightly regulated by oxygen-sensitive prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), which therefore represent promising therapeutic targets for IBD. In this Review, we discuss the involvement of mucosal hypoxia and hypoxia-induced signalling in the pathogenesis of IBD and elaborate in detail on the role of HIFs, NF-κB and PHDs in different cell types during intestinal inflammation. We also provide an update on the development of PHD inhibitors and discuss their therapeutic potential in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Van Welden
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 1K12-E, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew C Selfridge
- Robarts Clinical Trials West, 4350 Executive Drive 210, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Pieter Hindryckx
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 1K12-E, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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84
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Huo X, Agoston AT, Dunbar KB, Cipher DJ, Zhang X, Yu C, Cheng E, Zhang Q, Pham TH, Tambar UK, Bruick RK, Wang DH, Odze RD, Spechler SJ, Souza RF. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α plays a role in mediating oesophagitis in GORD. Gut 2017; 66:1542-1554. [PMID: 27694141 PMCID: PMC5464991 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In an earlier study wherein we induced acute reflux by interrupting proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in patients with reflux oesophagitis (RO) healed by PPIs, we refuted the traditional concept that RO develops as an acid burn. The present study explored our alternative hypothesis that RO results from reflux-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory molecules mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). DESIGN Using oesophageal biopsies taken from patients in our earlier study at baseline and at 1 and 2 weeks off PPIs, we immunostained for HIF-1α, HIF-2α and phospho-p65, and measured pro-inflammatory molecule mRNAs. We exposed human oesophageal squamous cell lines to acidic bile salts, and evaluated effects on HIF activation, p65 function, pro-inflammatory molecule production and immune cell migration. RESULTS In patient biopsies, increased immunostaining for HIF-2α and phospho-p65, and increased pro-inflammatory molecule mRNA levels were seen when RO redeveloped 1 or 2 weeks after stopping PPIs. In oesophageal cells, exposure to acidic bile salts increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, which decreased prolyl hydroxylase function and stabilised HIF-2α, causing a p65-dependent increase in pro-inflammatory molecules; conditioned media from these cells increased T cell migration rates. HIF-2α inhibition by small hairpin RNA or selective small molecule antagonist blocked the increases in pro-inflammatory molecule expression and T cell migration induced by acidic bile salts. CONCLUSIONS In patients developing RO, increases in oesophageal HIF-2α correlate with increased pro-inflammatory molecule expression. In oesophageal epithelial cells, acidic bile salts stabilise HIF-2α, which mediates expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. HIF-2α appears to have a role in RO pathogenesis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01733810; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Huo
- Esophageal Diseases Center, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Agoston T. Agoston
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kerry B. Dunbar
- Esophageal Diseases Center, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Daisha J. Cipher
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Xi Zhang
- Esophageal Diseases Center, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Chunhua Yu
- Esophageal Diseases Center, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Edaire Cheng
- Esophageal Diseases Center, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Esophageal Diseases Center, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Thai H. Pham
- Esophageal Diseases Center, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Surgery, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Uttam K. Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Richard K. Bruick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - David H. Wang
- Esophageal Diseases Center, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Robert D. Odze
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stuart J. Spechler
- Esophageal Diseases Center, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Correspondence to: Rhonda F. Souza, M.D., Department of Gastroenterology, MC# 111B1, Dallas VA Medical Center, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, Phone 214-857-0301, FAX 214-857-0328, ; Stuart J. Spechler, M.D., Department of Gastroenterology, MC# 111B1, Dallas VA Medical Center, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, Phone 214-857-0403, FAX 214-857-1571,
| | - Rhonda F. Souza
- Esophageal Diseases Center, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Correspondence to: Rhonda F. Souza, M.D., Department of Gastroenterology, MC# 111B1, Dallas VA Medical Center, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, Phone 214-857-0301, FAX 214-857-0328, ; Stuart J. Spechler, M.D., Department of Gastroenterology, MC# 111B1, Dallas VA Medical Center, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, Phone 214-857-0403, FAX 214-857-1571,
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85
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Ma X, Zhang H, Xue X, Shah YM. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) promotes colon cancer growth by potentiating Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) activity. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17046-17056. [PMID: 28848049 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States and other industrialized countries. A hypoxic microenvironment is a hallmark for solid tumors. The hypoxia-induced signal transduction is transcriptionally mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Three major HIF isoforms, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α, are present in the intestine. Our previous work demonstrates that HIF-2α is essential for CRC growth and progression. However, the mechanisms mediating cell proliferation after hypoxia or HIF-2α activation in CRC are unclear. Data mining of RNA-Seq experiments with mouse models of intestinal HIF-2α or Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) overexpression indicates a significant overlap of genes in these conditions. YAP1 is a transcriptional co-activator in the Hippo signaling pathway, and YAP1-induced transcriptional responses are essential in cancer cell proliferation. Here, we report that HIF-2α robustly increases YAP1 expression and activity in CRC-derived cell lines and in mouse models. The potentiation of YAP1 activity by HIF-2α was not via canonical signaling mechanisms such as Src (non-receptor tyrosine kinase), PI3K, ERK, or MAPK pathways. Moreover, we detected no direct interaction of HIF-2α with YAP1. Of note, YAP1 activation was critical for cancer cell growth under hypoxia. Our findings indicate that HIF-2α increases cancer cell growth by up-regulating YAP1 activity, suggesting that this pathway might be targeted in potential anti-cancer approaches for treating CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ma
- From the Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | - Huabing Zhang
- From the Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | - Xiang Xue
- From the Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- From the Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and .,Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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86
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Bowser JL, Lee JW, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK. The hypoxia-adenosine link during inflammation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1303-1320. [PMID: 28798196 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00101.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic tissue conditions occur during a number of inflammatory diseases and are associated with the breakdown of barriers and induction of proinflammatory responses. At the same time, hypoxia is also known to induce several adaptive and tissue-protective pathways that dampen inflammation and protect tissue integrity. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) that are stabilized during inflammatory or hypoxic conditions are at the center of mediating these responses. In the past decade, several genes regulating extracellular adenosine metabolism and signaling have been identified as being direct targets of HIFs. Here, we discuss the relationship between inflammation, hypoxia, and adenosine and that HIF-driven adenosine metabolism and signaling is essential in providing tissue protection during inflammatory conditions, including myocardial injury, inflammatory bowel disease, and acute lung injury. We also discuss how the hypoxia-adenosine link can be targeted therapeutically in patients as a future treatment approach for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bowser
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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87
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Múnera JO, Sundaram N, Rankin SA, Hill D, Watson C, Mahe M, Vallance JE, Shroyer NF, Sinagoga KL, Zarzoso-Lacoste A, Hudson JR, Howell JC, Chatuvedi P, Spence JR, Shannon JM, Zorn AM, Helmrath MA, Wells JM. Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Colonic Organoids via Transient Activation of BMP Signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:51-64.e6. [PMID: 28648364 PMCID: PMC5531599 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric and small intestinal organoids differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have revolutionized the study of gastrointestinal development and disease. Distal gut tissues such as cecum and colon, however, have proved considerably more challenging to derive in vitro. Here we report the differentiation of human colonic organoids (HCOs) from hPSCs. We found that BMP signaling is required to establish a posterior SATB2+ domain in developing and postnatal intestinal epithelium. Brief activation of BMP signaling is sufficient to activate a posterior HOX code and direct hPSC-derived gut tube cultures into HCOs. In vitro, HCOs express colonic markers and contained colon-specific cell populations. Following transplantation into mice, HCOs undergo morphogenesis and maturation to form tissue that exhibits molecular, cellular, and morphologic properties of human colon. Together these data show BMP-dependent patterning of human hindgut into HCOs, which will be valuable for studying diseases including colitis and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge O Múnera
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nambirajan Sundaram
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Scott A Rankin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - David Hill
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carey Watson
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Maxime Mahe
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jefferson E Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Katie L Sinagoga
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Adrian Zarzoso-Lacoste
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jonathan R Hudson
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jonathan C Howell
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Praneet Chatuvedi
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - John M Shannon
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael A Helmrath
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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88
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Souza RF. Reflux esophagitis and its role in the pathogenesis of Barrett's metaplasia. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:767-776. [PMID: 28451845 PMCID: PMC5488728 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reflux esophagitis damages the squamous epithelium that normally lines the esophagus, and promotes replacement of the damaged squamous lining by the intestinal metaplasia of Barrett's esophagus, the precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Therefore, to prevent the development of Barrett's metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma, the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis must be understood. We have reported that reflux esophagitis, both in a rat model and in humans, develops as a cytokine-mediated inflammatory injury (i.e., cytokine sizzle), not as a caustic chemical injury (i.e., acid burn), as traditionally has been assumed. Moreover, reflux induces activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2α, which enhances the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) causing increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and in migration of T lymphocytes, an underlying molecular mechanism for this cytokine-mediated injury. In some individuals, reflux esophagitis heals with Barrett's metaplasia. A number of possibilities exist for the origin of the progenitor cells that give rise to this intestinal metaplasia including those of the esophagus, the proximal stomach, or the bone marrow. However, intestinal cells are not normally found in the esophagus, the stomach, or the bone marrow. Thus, the development of Barrett's intestinal metaplasia must involve some molecular reprogramming of key developmental transcription factors within the progenitor cell, a process termed transcommitment, which may be initiated by the noxious components of the gastric refluxate. This review will highlight recent studies on the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis and on reflux-related molecular reprogramming of esophageal squamous epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of Barrett's metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda F. Souza
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
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89
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Ma X, Pham VT, Mori H, MacDougald OA, Shah YM, Bodary PF. Iron elevation and adipose tissue remodeling in the epididymal depot of a mouse model of polygenic obesity. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28651003 PMCID: PMC5484604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iron dysregulation is a potential contributor to the pathology of obesity-related metabolic complications. KK/HIJ (KK) mice, a polygenic obese mouse model, have elevated serum iron levels. A subset of KK male mice display a bronzing of epididymal adipose tissue (eAT) associated with >100-fold (p<0.001) higher iron concentration. Methods To further phenotype and characterize the adipose tissue iron overload, 27 male KK mice were evaluated. 14 had bronzing eAT and 13 had normal appearing eAT. Fasting serum and tissues were collected for iron content, qPCR, histology and western blot. Results High iron levels were confirmed in bronzing eAT (High Iron group, HI) versus normal iron level (NI) in normal appearing eAT. Surprisingly, iron levels in subcutaneous and brown adipose depots were not different between the groups (p>0.05). The eAT histology revealed iron retention, macrophage clustering, tissue fibrosis, cell death as well as accumulation of HIF-2α in the high iron eAT. qPCR showed significantly decreased Lep (leptin) and AdipoQ (adiponectin), whereas Tnfα (tumor necrosis factor α), and Slc40a1 (ferroportin) were up-regulated in HI (p<0.05). Elevated HIF-2α, oxidative stress and local insulin signaling loss was also observed. Significance Our data suggest that deposition of iron in adipose tissue is limited to the epididymal depot in male KK mice. A robust adipose tissue remodeling is concomitant with the high iron concentration, which causes local adipose tissue insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ma
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 1402 Washington Hts., Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Vinh T. Pham
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 1402 Washington Hts., Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Ormond A. MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI, United States of America
| | - Yatrik M. Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI, United States of America
| | - Peter F. Bodary
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 1402 Washington Hts., Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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90
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Karve SS, Pradhan S, Ward DV, Weiss AA. Intestinal organoids model human responses to infection by commensal and Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178966. [PMID: 28614372 PMCID: PMC5470682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 can cause the potentially fatal complication hemolytic uremic syndrome, and currently only supportive therapy is available. Lack of suitable animal models has hindered study of this disease. Induced human intestinal organoids (iHIOs), generated by in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, represent differentiated human intestinal tissue. We show that iHIOs with addition of human neutrophils can model E. coli intestinal infection and innate cellular responses. Commensal and O157:H7 introduced into the iHIO lumen replicated rapidly achieving high numbers. Commensal E. coli did not cause damage, and were completely contained within the lumen, suggesting defenses, such as mucus production, can constrain non-pathogenic strains. Some O157:H7 initially co-localized with cellular actin. Loss of actin and epithelial integrity was observed after 4 hours. O157:H7 grew as filaments, consistent with activation of the bacterial SOS stress response. SOS is induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and O157:H7 infection increased ROS production. Transcriptional profiling (RNAseq) demonstrated that both commensal and O157:H7 upregulated genes associated with gastrointestinal maturation, while infection with O157:H7 upregulated inflammatory responses, including interleukin 8 (IL-8). IL-8 is associated with neutrophil recruitment, and infection with O157:H7 resulted in recruitment of human neutrophils into the iHIO tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali S. Karve
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Suman Pradhan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Center for Microbiome Research and Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alison A. Weiss
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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91
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Hypoxia and inflammatory bowel disease. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:210-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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92
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Epithelial Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2α Facilitates the Progression of Colon Tumors through Recruiting Neutrophils. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00481-16. [PMID: 27956697 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00481-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a significant risk factor for colon cancer. Recent work has demonstrated essential roles for several infiltrating immune populations in the metaplastic progression following inflammation. Hypoxia and stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are hallmark features of inflammation and solid tumors. Previously, we demonstrated an important role for tumor epithelial HIF-2α in colon tumors; however, the function of epithelial HIF-2α as a critical link in the progression of inflammation to cancer has not been elucidated. In colitis-associated colon cancer models, epithelial HIF-2α was essential in tumor growth. Concurrently, epithelial disruption of HIF-2α significantly decreased neutrophils in the colon tumor microenvironment. Intestinal epithelial HIF-2α-overexpressing mice demonstrated that neutrophil recruitment was a direct response to increased epithelial HIF-2α signaling. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of HIF-2α-overexpressing mice in conjunction with data mining from the Cancer Genome Atlas showed that the neutrophil chemokine CXCL1 gene was highly upregulated in colon tumor epithelium in a HIF-2α-dependent manner. Using selective peptide inhibitors of the CXCL1-CXCR2 signaling axis identified HIF-2α-dependent neutrophil recruitment as an essential mechanism to increase colon carcinogenesis. These studies demonstrate that HIF-2α is a novel regulator of neutrophil recruitment to colon tumors and that it is essential in shaping the protumorigenic inflammatory microenvironment in colon cancer.
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93
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Taibi A, Singh N, Chen J, Arioli S, Guglielmetti S, Comelli EM. Time- and strain-specific downregulation of intestinal EPAS1
via miR-148a by Bifidobacterium bifidum. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Taibi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Toronto; ON Canada
| | - Natasha Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Toronto; ON Canada
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Toronto; ON Canada
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Toronto; ON Canada
- Department of Food; Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS); University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food; Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS); University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Elena M. Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Toronto; ON Canada
- Centre for Child Nutrition and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; ON Canada
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94
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Chen W, Lu X, Chen Y, Li M, Mo P, Tong Z, Wang W, Wan W, Su G, Xu J, Yu C. Steroid Receptor Coactivator 3 Contributes to Host Defense against Enteric Bacteria by Recruiting Neutrophils via Upregulation of CXCL2 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1606-1615. [PMID: 28053238 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3) is a transcriptional coactivator that interacts with nuclear receptors and some other transcription factors to enhance their effects on target gene transcription. We reported previously that SRC-3-deficient (SRC-3-/-) mice are extremely susceptible to Escherichia coli-induced septic peritonitis as a result of uncontrolled inflammation and a defect in bacterial clearance. In this study, we observed significant upregulation of SRC-3 in colonic epithelial cells in response to Citrobacter rodentium infection. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that SRC-3 is involved in host defense against attaching and effacing bacterial infection. We compared the responses of SRC-3-/- and wild-type mice to intestinal C. rodentium infection. We found that SRC-3-/- mice exhibited delayed clearance of C. rodentium and more severe tissue pathology after oral infection with C. rodentium compared with wild-type mice. SRC-3-/- mice expressed normal antimicrobial peptides in the colons but exhibited delayed recruitment of neutrophils into the colonic mucosa. Accordingly, SRC-3-/- mice showed a delayed induction of CXCL2 and CXCL5 in colonic epithelial cells, which are responsible for neutrophil recruitment. At the molecular level, we found that SRC-3 can activate the NF-κB signaling pathway to promote CXCL2 expression at the transcriptional level. Collectively, we show that SRC-3 contributes to host defense against enteric bacteria, at least in part via upregulating CXCL2 expression to recruit neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China; and
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Pingli Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhangwei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guoqiang Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China; and
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
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95
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Zhdanov AV, Okkelman IA, Golubeva AV, Doerr B, Hyland NP, Melgar S, Shanahan F, Cryan JF, Papkovsky DB. Quantitative analysis of mucosal oxygenation using ex vivo imaging of healthy and inflamed mammalian colon tissue. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:141-151. [PMID: 27510419 PMCID: PMC11107550 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colonic inflammation is associated with decreased tissue oxygenation, significantly affecting gut homeostasis. However, the crosstalk between O2 consumption and supply in the inflamed tissue are not fully understood. Using a murine model of colitis, we analysed O2 in freshly prepared samples of healthy and inflamed colon tissue. We developed protocols for efficient ex vivo staining of mouse distal colon mucosa with a cell-penetrating O2 sensitive probe Pt-Glc and high-resolution imaging of O2 concentration in live tissue by confocal phosphorescence lifetime-imaging microscopy (PLIM). Microscopy analysis revealed that Pt-Glc stained mostly the top 50-60 μm layer of the mucosa, with high phosphorescence intensity in epithelial cells. Measured O2 values in normal mouse tissue ranged between 5 and 35 μM (4-28 Torr), tending to decrease in the deeper tissue areas. Four-day treatment with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) triggered colon inflammation, as evidenced by an increase in local IL6 and mKC mRNA levels, but did not affect the gross architecture of colonic epithelium. We further observed an increase in oxygenation, partial activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1 signalling, and negative trends in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and O2 consumption rate in the colitis mucosa, suggesting a decrease in mitochondrial respiration, which is known to be regulated via HIF-1 signalling and pyruvate oxidation rate. These results along with efficient staining with Pt-Glc of rat and human colonic mucosa reveal high potential of PLIM platform as a powerful tool for the high-resolution analysis of the intestinal tissue oxygenation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and other pathologies, affecting tissue respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zhdanov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Irina A Okkelman
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Barbara Doerr
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland
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96
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Ji T, Takabayashi H, Mao M, Han X, Xue X, Brazil JC, Eaton KA, Shah YM, Todisco A. Regulation and function of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in colonic injury and inflammation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G24-G33. [PMID: 27856416 PMCID: PMC5283904 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00169.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate gastrointestinal homeostasis. We investigated the expression of BMP-4 and the localization and function of BMP signaling during colonic injury and inflammation. Mice expressing the β-galactosidase (β-gal) gene under the control of a BMP-responsive element (BRE), BMP-4-β-gal/ mice, and animals generated by crossing villin-Cre mice to mice with floxed alleles of BMP receptor 1A (villin-Cre;Bmpr1aflox/flox) were treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colonic injury and inflammation. Expression of BMP-4, β-gal, BMPR1A, IL-8, α-smooth muscle actin, and phosphorylated Smad1, -5, and -8 was assessed by X-Gal staining, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Morphology of the colonic mucosa was examined by staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The effect of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 on BMP-4 mRNA expression was investigated in human intestinal fibroblasts, whereas that of BMP-4 on IL-8 was assessed in human colonic organoids. BMP-4 was localized in α-smooth muscle actin-positive mesenchymal cells while the majority of BMP-generated signals targeted the epithelium. DSS caused injury and inflammation leading to reduced expression of BMP-4 and of BMPR1A mRNAs, and to decreased BMP signaling. Deletion of BMPR1A enhanced colonic inflammation and damage. Administration of anti-TNF-α antibodies to DSS-treated mice ameliorated colonic inflammation and increased the expression of BMP-4 and BMPR1A mRNAs. TNF-α and IL-1β inhibited both basal and IFN-γ-stimulated BMP-4 expression, whereas IL-6 had no effect. BMP-4 reduced TNF-α-stimulated IL-8 mRNA expressor IL-8 mRNA expression in the organoids. Inflammation and injury inhibit BMP-4 expression and signaling, leading to enhanced colonic damage and inflammation. These observations underscore the importance of BMP signaling in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and homeostasis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study we report a series of novel observations that underscore the importance of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the regulation of colonic homeostasis during the development of injury and inflammation. In particular, we present evidence that BMP signaling mitigates the response of the colonic epithelium to injury and inflammation and that cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, inhibit the expression of BMP-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Ji
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Hidehiko Takabayashi
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Maria Mao
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Xu Han
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Xiang Xue
- 4Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jennifer C. Brazil
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Kathryn A. Eaton
- 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Yatrik M. Shah
- 4Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrea Todisco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
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97
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Zou Y, Lin J, Li W, Wu Z, He Z, Huang G, Wang J, Ye C, Cheng X, Ding C, Zheng X, Chi H. Huangqin-tang ameliorates dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis by regulating intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis, inflammation and immune response. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39299. [PMID: 27982094 PMCID: PMC5159883 DOI: 10.1038/srep39299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Huangqin-tang (HQT) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula widely used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in China. However, the molecular mechanisms by which HQT protects the colon are unclear. We studied the protective effects of HQT and the underlying mechanisms in an experimental mouse model and in vitro. In vivo, dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced acute and chronic colitis were significantly ameliorated by HQT as gauged by phenotypic, histopathologic and inflammatory manifestations of the disease. Mechanistically, DSS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling was inhibited by HQT. Moreover, HQT-treated mice demonstrated significant changes in cell apoptosis, expression of apoptosis-associated genes such as caspase-3, bax, bcl-2, and intestinal permeability. HQT also increased occluding and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), inhibited cell proliferation (Ki67), and increased regulatory T cells numbers, protein expression of Foxp3 and IL-10 in the colonic tissue. In vitro, HQT down-regulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and supressed the NF-κB signalling pathway in lipopolysaccharides-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our study suggests that HQT plays a critical role in regulating intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis, inflammation and immune response in colitis and offers novel therapeutic options in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.,Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiantao Lin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhuguo Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Caiguo Ye
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Congcong Ding
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xuebao Zheng
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Honggang Chi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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98
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Tsai YH, Nattiv R, Dedhia PH, Nagy MS, Chin AM, Thomson M, Klein OD, Spence JR. In vitro patterning of pluripotent stem cell-derived intestine recapitulates in vivo human development. Development 2016; 144:1045-1055. [PMID: 27927684 PMCID: PMC5358103 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The intestine plays a central role in digestion, nutrient absorption and metabolism, with individual regions of the intestine having distinct functional roles. Many examples of region-specific gene expression in the adult intestine are known, but how intestinal regional identity is established during development is a largely unresolved issue. Here, we have identified several genes that are expressed in a region-specific manner in the developing human intestine. Using human embryonic stem cell-derived intestinal organoids, we demonstrate that the duration of exposure to active FGF and WNT signaling controls regional identity. Short-term exposure to FGF4 and CHIR99021 (a GSK3β inhibitor that stabilizes β-catenin) resulted in organoids with gene expression patterns similar to developing human duodenum, whereas longer exposure resulted in organoids similar to ileum. When region-specific organoids were transplanted into immunocompromised mice, duodenum-like organoids and ileum-like organoids retained their regional identity, demonstrating that regional identity of organoids is stable after initial patterning occurs. This work provides insights into the mechanisms that control regional specification of the developing human intestine and provides new tools for basic and translational research. Summary: Human embryonic stem cell-derived intestinal organoids can be patterned into duodenum-like or ileum-like tissue, recapitulating in vivo human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roy Nattiv
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Priya H Dedhia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melinda S Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alana M Chin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew Thomson
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA .,Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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99
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Halligan DN, Murphy SJE, Taylor CT. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) couples immunity with metabolism. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:469-477. [PMID: 27717536 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between metabolic and immune pathways has recently become appreciated to be key to the regulation of host defence. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor which was initially described as a ubiquitous master regulator of the transcriptional response to hypoxia. In this role, HIF regulates genes promoting adaptation to hypoxia including a number which influence the cellular metabolic strategy of a cell. It has more recently been appreciated that the regulation of HIF is not restricted to oxygen-dependent pathways, and is now known to be mediated by a number of additional metabolic and immune cues including metabolites and cytokines respectively. Furthermore, our understanding of the functional role of HIF has expanded to it now being appreciated as a major regulator of host immunity. This places HIF in an ideal position to act as a regulatory hub which links metabolic activity with immunity. In this review we synthesise recent data which identifies HIF as both a target and effector for metabolic and immune processes. Developing our understanding of the role of HIF in this context will uncover new therapeutic targets for inflammatory and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug N Halligan
- Conway Institute, Charles Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; Sigmoid Pharma, Invent Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stephen J E Murphy
- Conway Institute, Charles Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- Conway Institute, Charles Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; IRCAN, Centre A. Lacassagne, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 33 Avenue Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 8, Quai Antoine Premier, Monaco.
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100
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Modeling infectious diseases and host-microbe interactions in gastrointestinal organoids. Dev Biol 2016; 420:262-270. [PMID: 27640087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advances in stem cell research have allowed the development of 3-dimensional (3D) primary cell cultures termed organoid cultures, as they closely mimic the in vivo organization of different cell lineages. Bridging the gap between 2-dimensional (2D) monotypic cancer cell lines and whole organisms, organoids are now widely applied to model development and disease. Organoids hold immense promise for addressing novel questions in host-microbe interactions, infectious diseases and the resulting inflammatory conditions. Researchers have started to use organoids for modeling infection with pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori or Salmonella enteritica, gut-microbiota interactions and inflammatory bowel disease. Future studies will broaden the spectrum of microbes used and continue to establish organoids as a standard model for human host-microbial interactions. Moreover, they will increasingly exploit the unique advantages of organoids, for example to address patient-specific responses to microbes.
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