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Effects of Bamboo Stem Extracts on Adipogenic Differentiation and Lipid Metabolism Regulating Genes. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chen J, Wang C, Kuang S. Transdifferentiation of Muscle Satellite Cells to Adipose Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeting of MyoD. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1889:25-41. [PMID: 30367407 PMCID: PMC7092730 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8897-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes dissipate energy through non-shivering thermogenesis mediated by UCP1 protein, hence representing a powerful target to overcome obesity due to energy surplus. However, brown adipocytes are scarce in adult humans, especially in obese subjects, urging the development of novel strategies to boost the number of these thermogenic adipocytes from a therapeutical perspective. In this regard, transdifferentiation of myoblasts into brown adipocytes represents a promising approach. Here, we describe a method that we have recently developed to transdifferentiate myoblasts into brown adipocytes through CRISPR/Cas9-medidated targeting of MyoD, the master myogenic regulatory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Chen
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Chlorogenic Acid Functions as a Novel Agonist of PPAR γ2 during the Differentiation of Mouse 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8594767. [PMID: 30627576 PMCID: PMC6304673 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8594767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone (RG) is a well-known activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and used to treat hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes; however, its clinical application has been confounded by adverse side effects. Here, we assessed the roles of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a phenolic secondary metabolite found in many fruits and vegetables, on the differentiation and lipolysis of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The results showed that CGA promoted differentiation in vitro according to oil red O staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. As a potential molecular mechanism, CGA downregulated mRNA levels of the adipocyte differentiation-inhibitor gene Pref1 and upregulated those of major adipogenic transcriptional factors (Cebpb and Srebp1). Additionally, CGA upregulated the expression of the differentiation-related transcriptional factor PPARγ2 at both the mRNA and protein levels. However, following CGA intervention, the accumulation of intracellular triacylglycerides following preadipocyte differentiation was significantly lower than that in the RG group. Consistent with this, our data indicated that CGA treatment significantly upregulated the expression of lipogenic pathway-related genes Plin and Srebp1 during the differentiation stage, although the influence of CGA was weaker than that of RG. Notably, CGA upregulated the expression of the lipolysis-related gene Hsl, whereas it did not increase the expression of the lipid synthesis-related gene Dgat1. These results demonstrated that CGA might function as a potential PPARγ agonist similar to RG; however, the impact of CGA on lipolysis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differed from that of RG.
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The Inhibitory Effects of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum) and Its Bioactive Compounds on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071780. [PMID: 30029534 PMCID: PMC6102591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide new insights into the role of the ethanolic extracts of Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum, EECF) and its bioactive compounds in preventing adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results demonstrated EECF significantly inhibited oil red O-stained material (OROSM), triglyceride levels and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The expression of the critical molecules involved in lipid synthesis such as PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP-1c was attenuated in EECF-treated cells. According to HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS/MS analysis, rutin, kaempferol, betanin and another nine compounds were present in EECF. The suppression of lipid accumulation by rutin, kaempferol and betanin occurred by decreasing the gene expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP-1c. Taken together, these findings suggest the presence of bioactive compounds in EECF may partly account for the anti-adipogenesis of EECF and EECF is therefore a potentially lipid lowering functional food.
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Stem Cell and Obesity: Current State and Future Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1089:1-22. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Why is Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Impaired after Myonecrosis Induced by Viperid Snake Venoms? Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10050182. [PMID: 29723952 PMCID: PMC5983238 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration after myonecrosis involves the activation, proliferation and fusion of myogenic cells, and a coordinated inflammatory response encompassing phagocytosis of necrotic cell debris, and the concerted synthesis of cytokines and growth factors. Myonecrosis often occurs in snakebite envenomings. In the case of venoms that cause myotoxicity without affecting the vasculature, such as those of many elapid snakes, regeneration proceeds successfully. In contrast, in envenomings by most viperid snakes, which affect the vasculature and extracellular matrix in addition to muscle fibers, regeneration is largely impaired and, therefore, the muscle mass is reduced and replaced by fibro-adipose tissue. This review discusses possible causes for such poor regenerative outcome including: (a) damage to muscle microvasculature, which causes tissue hypoxia and affects the inflammatory response and the timely removal of necrotic tissue; (b) damage to intramuscular nerves, which results in atrophy of regenerating fibers; (c) degradation of muscle cell basement membrane, compromising the spatial niche for proliferating myoblasts; (d) widespread degradation of the extracellular matrix; and (e) persistence of venom components in the damaged tissue, which may affect myogenic cells at critical points in the regenerative process. Understanding the causes of poor muscle regeneration may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic interventions aimed at fostering the regenerative process in envenomed patients.
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Biology and Potential Use of Chicken Bone Marrow-derived Cells. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2018.33.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Liu H, Liu J, Zhou T, Wang G, Lu K, Zhang T, Li L, Wang J. The contributions of hepatic de novo lipogenesis to the difference in body fat mass of genetically lean and fat duck breeds. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1411264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junying Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guosong Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Lu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Klomps LV, Zomorodi N, Kim HM. Role of transplanted bone marrow cells in development of rotator cuff muscle fatty degeneration in mice. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017; 26:2177-2186. [PMID: 28869071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotator cuff muscle fatty degeneration after a chronic tendon tear is an irreversible pathologic change associated with poor clinical outcomes of tendon repair, and its exact pathogenesis remains unknown. We sought to investigate the role of transplanted bone marrow cells in the development of fatty degeneration, specifically in adipocyte accumulation, using a mouse model. METHODS Fourteen mice were divided into 2 bone marrow chimeric animal groups: bone marrow transplantation (BMT) group and reverse BMT group. For the BMT group, C57BL/6J wild-type mice underwent whole body irradiation followed by BMT into the retro-orbital sinus from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic donor mice. For the reverse BMT group, GFP-transgenic mice received BMT from C57BL/6J wild-type donor mice after irradiation. The supraspinatus tendon, infraspinatus tendon, and suprascapular nerve were surgically transected 3 weeks after transplantation. The rotator cuff muscles were harvested 13 weeks after transplantation for histologic analysis and GFP immunohistochemistry. RESULTS On histologic examination, both groups showed substantial fatty degeneration, fibrosis, and atrophy of the cuff muscles. The BMT group showed no noticeable GFP immunostaining, whereas the reverse BMT group showed significantly stronger GFP staining in most adipocytes (P < .001). However, both groups also showed that a small number of adipocytes originated from transplanted bone marrow cells. A small number of myocytes showed a large cytoplasmic lipid vacuole resembling adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study's findings suggest that most adipocytes in fatty degeneration of the rotator cuff muscles originate from sources other than bone marrow-derived stem cells, and there may be more than 1 source for the adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence V Klomps
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Naseem Zomorodi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - H Mike Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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The high-production volume fungicide pyraclostrobin induces triglyceride accumulation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, and promotes adipocyte differentiation independent of PPARγ activation, in 3T3-L1 cells. Toxicology 2017; 393:150-159. [PMID: 29127035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyraclostrobin is one of the most heavily used fungicides, and has been detected on a variety of produce, suggesting human exposure occurs regularly. Recently, pyraclostrobin exposure has been linked to a variety of toxic effects, including neurodegeneration and triglyceride (TG) accumulation. As pyraclostrobin inhibits electron transport chain complex III, and as mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with metabolic syndrome (cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, obesity), we designed experiments to test the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies its adipogenic activity. 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated according to standard protocols in the presence of pyraclostrobin, resulting in TG accumulation. However, TG accumulation occurred without activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated nuclear receptor gamma (PPARγ), the canonical pathway mediating adipogenesis. Furthermore, cells failed to express many markers of adipogenesis (PPARγ, lpl, CEBPα), while co-exposure to pyraclostrobin and two different PPARγ antagonists (GW9662, T0070907) failed to mitigate TG accumulation, suggesting TG accumulation occurred through a PPARγ-independent mechanism. Instead, pyraclostrobin reduced steady-state ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, basal mitochondrial respiration, ATP-linked respiration, and spare respiratory capacity, demonstrating mitochondrial dysfunction, while reduced expression of genes involved in glucose transport (Glut-4), glycolysis (Pkm, Pfkl, Pfkm), fatty acid oxidation (Cpt-1b), and lipogenesis (Fasn, Acacα, Acacβ) further suggested a disruption of metabolism. Finally, inhibition of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB), a PPARγ coactivator, partially mitigated pyraclostrobin-induced TG accumulation, suggesting TG accumulation is occurring through a CREB-driven mechanism. In contrast, rosiglitazone, a known PPARγ agonist, induced TG accumulation in a PPARγ-dependent manner and enhanced mitochondrial function. Collectively, these results suggest pyraclostrobin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction inhibits lipid homeostasis, resulting in TG accumulation. Exposures that disrupt mitochondrial function may have the potential to contribute to the rising incidence of metabolic syndrome, and thus more research is needed to understand the human health impact of pyraclostrobin exposure.
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Kim E, Lim SM, Kim MS, Yoo SH, Kim Y. Phyllodulcin, a Natural Sweetener, Regulates Obesity-Related Metabolic Changes and Fat Browning-Related Genes of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101049. [PMID: 28934139 PMCID: PMC5691666 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllodulcin is a natural sweetener found in Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii. This study investigated whether phyllodulcin could improve metabolic abnormalities in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Animals were fed a 60% HFD for 6 weeks to induce obesity, followed by 7 weeks of supplementation with phyllodulcin (20 or 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day). Stevioside (40 mg/kg b.w./day) was used as a positive control. Phyllodulcin supplementation reduced subcutaneous fat mass, levels of plasma lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and improved the levels of leptin, adiponectin, and fasting blood glucose. In subcutaneous fat tissues, supplementation with stevioside or phyllodulcin significantly decreased mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related genes, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1C (SREBP-1c) compared to the high-fat group. Phyllodulcin supplementation significantly increased the expression of fat browning-related genes, including PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), compared to the high-fat group. Hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (BDNF-TrkB) signaling was upregulated by phyllodulcin supplementation. In conclusion, phyllodulcin is a potential sweetener that could be used to combat obesity by regulating levels of leptin, fat browning-related genes, and hypothalamic BDNF-TrkB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Soo-Min Lim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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Clark DL, Strasburg GM, Reed KM, Velleman SG. Influence of temperature and growth selection on turkey pectoralis major muscle satellite cell adipogenic gene expression and lipid accumulation. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1015-1027. [PMID: 28339556 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
p. major Immature poults have an inefficient thermoregulatory system, and therefore extreme ambient temperatures can impact their internal body temperature. Satellite cells, the only posthatch myonuclei source, are multipotential stem cells and sensitive to temperature. Selection for faster-growing, high-yielding birds has altered satellite-cell properties. The objective of the current study was to determine how temperature affects adipogenic properties of satellite cells isolated from the pectoralis major ( ) muscle of Randombred Control line ( ) and F line turkeys selected only for increased 16-wk body weight from the RBC2 line. Satellite cells were cultured at 2°C incremental temperatures between 33 and 43°C and compared to cells cultured at the control temperature of 38°C to ascertain temperature effects on lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic genes: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β ( ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ( ), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase ( ). During proliferation, the amount of quantifiable lipid in both F and RBC2 satellite cells increased at temperatures above 38°C ( P < 0.01) and decreased at temperatures below 38°C ( P < 0.01). Above 38°C, RBC2 satellite cells had more lipid ( P = 0.02) compared to the F line, whereas there were few differences between lines below 38°C. At 72 h of proliferation, expression of C/EBPβ , PPARγ , and SCD decreased ( P ≤ 0.02) as temperatures increased from 33 to 43°C in both cell lines. During differentiation expression of C/EBPβ increased ( P < 0.01) as temperatures increased from 33 to 43°C in both cell lines. In F line satellite cells, PPARγ expression decreased ( P < 0.01) with increasing temperatures during differentiation, whereas there was no linear trend in RBC2 cells. During differentiation expression of SCD increased as temperatures increased ( P < 0.01) in RBC2 cells, and there was no linear trend within the F line. Results from the current study suggest that environmental temperature can affect p. major satellite cellular fate; however, selection for increased body weight had little impact on these cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Clark
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster OH; 44691
| | - G M Strasburg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - K M Reed
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - S G Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster OH; 44691
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Lopes G, Castro LFC, Valente LMP. Total substitution of dietary fish oil by vegetable oils stimulates muscle hypertrophic growth in Senegalese sole and the upregulation of fgf6. Food Funct 2017; 8:1869-1879. [PMID: 28426081 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00340d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The long term effects of fish oil (FO) substitution by increasing the levels of vegetable oils (VO), 0% (CTR), 50% (VO50) and 100% (VO100), in diets for Senegalese sole were evaluated in terms of skeletal muscle cellularity and expression of related genes. After 140 days of feeding, all fish had similar body weight and length. The inclusion of 50% VO did not result in differences in muscle cellularity, but dorsal muscle cross-sectional area and fast-twitch fibre diameter increased in fish fed total FO substitution, whilst fibre density was reduced (P < 0.05) in relation to CTR. The total number of fibres was similar in all treatments. FO substitution did not affect the transcript levels of myogenic genes (myf5, mrf4, myog, myod1, myod2), but resulted in a two-fold increase of fgf6 transcript levels compared to CTR (P < 0.05). The relative expression of igf-I was higher in VO100 than in VO50, but was similar to CTR. FO substitution resulted in cellularity changes related to the stimulation of muscle hypertrophic growth, but not hyperplastic growth, and associated with a nutritional modulation of fgf6 by dietary VO. This study indicates that 50% VO does not affect the muscle phenotype, but total FO substitution stimulates muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciliana Lopes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Magnusson L, Hansen N, Saba KH, Nilsson J, Fioretos T, Rissler P, Nord KH. Loss of the tumour suppressor gene AIP mediates the browning of human brown fat tumours. J Pathol 2017; 243:160-164. [PMID: 28722204 DOI: 10.1002/path.4945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human brown fat tumours (hibernomas) show concomitant loss of the tumour suppressor genes MEN1 and AIP. We hypothesized that the brown fat phenotype is attributable to these mutations. Accordingly, in this study, we demonstrate that silencing of AIP in human brown preadipocytic and white fat cell lines results in the induction of the brown fat marker UCP1. In human adipocytic tumours, loss of MEN1 was found both in white (one of 51 lipomas) and in brown fat tumours. In contrast, concurrent loss of AIP was always accompanied by a brown fat morphology. We conclude that this white-to-brown phenotype switch in brown fat tumours is mediated by the loss of AIP. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Magnusson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Hansen
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karim H Saba
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thoas Fioretos
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pehr Rissler
- Department of Pathology, Skåne University and Regional Laboratories, Sweden
| | - Karolin H Nord
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Almasud AA, Giles KH, Miklavcic JJ, Martins KJB, Baracos VE, Putman CT, Guan LL, Mazurak VC. Fish oil mitigates myosteatosis and improves chemotherapy efficacy in a preclinical model of colon cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183576. [PMID: 28832677 PMCID: PMC5568380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess whether feeding a diet containing fish oil was efficacious in reducing tumor- and subsequent chemotherapy-associated myosteatosis, and improving tumor response to treatment. Methods Female Fischer 344 rats were fed either a control diet for the entire study (control), or switched to a diet containing fish oil (2.0 g /100 g of diet) one week prior to tumor implantation (long term fish oil) or at the start of chemotherapy (adjuvant fish oil). Chemotherapy (irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil) was initiated 2 weeks after tumor implantation (cycle-1) and 1 week thereafter (cycle-2). Reference animals received no tumor or treatment and only consumed the control diet. All skeletal muscle measures were conducted in the gastrocnemius. To assess myosteatosis, lipids were assessed histologically by Oil Red O staining and total triglyceride content was quantified by gas chromatography. Expression of adipogenic transcription factors were assessed at the mRNA level by real-time RT-PCR. Results Feeding a diet containing fish oil significantly reduced tumor- and subsequent chemotherapy-associated increases in skeletal muscle neutral lipid (p<0.001) and total triglyceride content (p<0.03), and expression of adipogenic transcription factors (p<0.01) compared with control diet fed animals. The adjuvant fish oil diet was as effective as the long term fish oil diet in mitigating chemotherapy-associated skeletal muscle fat content, and in reducing tumor volume during chemotherapy compared with control fed animals (p<0.01). Conclusion Long term and adjuvant fish oil diets are equally efficacious in reducing chemotherapy-associated myosteatosis that may be occurring by reducing expression of transcription factors involved in adipogenesis/lipogenesis, and improving tumor-response to chemotherapy in a neoplastic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A. Almasud
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kaitlin H. Giles
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John J. Miklavcic
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen J. B. Martins
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vickie E. Baracos
- Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Charles T. Putman
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Leluo L. Guan
- Functional Genomics and Microbiology, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vera C. Mazurak
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Sakurai M, Miki Y, Takagi K, Suzuki T, Ishida T, Ohuchi N, Sasano H. Interaction with adipocyte stromal cells induces breast cancer malignancy via S100A7 upregulation in breast cancer microenvironment. Breast Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28629450 PMCID: PMC5477117 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast adipocytes play important roles in both the development and function of mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, carcinoma-adipose stromal cell (ASC) interactions have been considered pivotal in supporting tumor growth in breast cancer. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the biological features of cancer-associated adipocytes differ from those of normal ASCs. Therefore, we investigated an interaction between ASCs and carcinoma cell lines to identify genes associated with ASC invasion of carcinoma cells. METHODS 3T3-L1 ASC-derived conditioned medium (CM) was treated to measure the proliferation rate of breast cancer cells. To further examine the effect of ASCs, breast cancer cells were cocultivated with either primary human or 3T3-L1 ASCs for migration assays, DNA microarrays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, and Western blotting experiments. Furthermore, immunoreactivity of S100A7, the most upregulated gene in MCF7, after coculture with ASCs was evaluated for 150 breast cancer tissues to statistically analyze its association with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS We first confirmed that ASC-derived CM treatment enhanced the cell proliferation rate of MCF7, T47D, SK-BR-3, and ZR-75-1 cell lines, whereas the migration rate of breast cancer cells was promoted by coculture with ASCs. We identified that a small calcium-binding protein, S100A7, was markedly upregulated (by 5.8-fold) in MCF7 cells after coculture with primary human ASCs. Knockdown of S100A7 significantly suppressed ASC-stimulated cell proliferation and migration rate, indicating a possible involvement of S100A7 in the carcinoma-ASC interaction in breast tumors. Furthermore, strong S100A7 immunoreactivity was detected at the invasive front of adipose stromal tissues compared with that at the intratumoral area. The status of S100A7 was also significantly correlated with adverse pathological parameters, and multivariate analysis revealed that S100A7 could be an independent prognostic marker for a poor relapse-free survival rate. Moreover, induction of oncostatin M was detected in cancer-stimulated ASCs, whereas the downstream S100A7 binding proteins/receptor for advanced glycation endproducts were significantly upregulated in correspondence with S100A7 expression in breast cancer cells after coculture with ASCs. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that paracrine production of cytokines from ASCs stimulates breast carcinoma cell growth via upregulation of S100A7 expression in breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Sakurai
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Disaster Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ohuchi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
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Vicente-García C, Villarejo-Balcells B, Irastorza-Azcárate I, Naranjo S, Acemel RD, Tena JJ, Rigby PWJ, Devos DP, Gómez-Skarmeta JL, Carvajal JJ. Regulatory landscape fusion in rhabdomyosarcoma through interactions between the PAX3 promoter and FOXO1 regulatory elements. Genome Biol 2017; 18:106. [PMID: 28615069 PMCID: PMC5470208 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The organisation of vertebrate genomes into topologically associating domains (TADs) is believed to facilitate the regulation of the genes located within them. A remaining question is whether TAD organisation is achieved through the interactions of the regulatory elements within them or if these interactions are favoured by the pre-existence of TADs. If the latter is true, the fusion of two independent TADs should result in the rewiring of the transcriptional landscape and the generation of ectopic contacts. Results We show that interactions within the PAX3 and FOXO1 domains are restricted to their respective TADs in normal conditions, while in a patient-derived alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, harbouring the diagnostic t(2;13)(q35;q14) translocation that brings together the PAX3 and FOXO1 genes, the PAX3 promoter interacts ectopically with FOXO1 sequences. Using a combination of 4C-seq datasets, we have modelled the three-dimensional organisation of the fused landscape in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Conclusions The chromosomal translocation that leads to alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma development generates a novel TAD that is likely to favour ectopic PAX3:FOXO1 oncogene activation in non-PAX3 territories. Rhabdomyosarcomas may therefore arise from cells which do not normally express PAX3. The borders of this novel TAD correspond to the original 5'- and 3'- borders of the PAX3 and FOXO1 TADs, respectively, suggesting that TAD organisation precedes the formation of regulatory long-range interactions. Our results demonstrate that, upon translocation, novel regulatory landscapes are formed allowing new intra-TAD interactions between the original loci involved. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1225-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vicente-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Barbara Villarejo-Balcells
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ibai Irastorza-Azcárate
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Silvia Naranjo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael D Acemel
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan J Tena
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Peter W J Rigby
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Damien P Devos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose L Gómez-Skarmeta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Jaime J Carvajal
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
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Gene expression profiling of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Osteogenesis Imperfecta patients during osteoblast differentiation. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:326-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Liu HX, Wang YM, Hu JP, Huang LY, Fang NY. Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by mitochondrial trifunctional protein α-subunit via sirtuin 1. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:271-281. [PMID: 28552586 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein α-subunit (MTPα) is involved in the fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) pathway. Two MTPα activities, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain hydratase, have been linked with the occurrence and development of obesity and obesity-related disorders. These activities catalyze two steps in the FAO pathway (the second and third reactions). However, the role of MTPα in the pathogenesis of obesity has not been evaluated, and the functional role of MTPα in adipocyte differentiation has not been determined. Here, we analyzed the functional role of MTPα using in vitro and in vivo models of adipogenesis. MTPα expression was upregulated during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells into adipocytes. MTPα gene silencing stimulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha(C/EBPα) expression, which promoted adipocyte differentiation. By contrast, MTPα overexpression blocked adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Further analysis showed that MTPα positively regulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Injection of preadipocytes overexpressing MTPα into athymic mice significantly impaired de novo fat pad formation compared with that of the control, and furthermore MTPα knockdown enhances fat pad formation at a time point earlier than 5-week, such as week-2 and week-3, when the control fat pad is not fully developed. In summary, our data indicate that MTPα is a novel factor that negatively regulates adipocyte differentiation. We propose a pathway in which MTPα inhibits adipogenesis by promoting SIRT1 expression, which represses PPARγ and attenuates adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jian-Ping Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li-Ying Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Kuenzler MB, Nuss K, Karol A, Schär MO, Hottiger M, Raniga S, Kenkel D, von Rechenberg B, Zumstein MA. Neer Award 2016: reduced muscle degeneration and decreased fatty infiltration after rotator cuff tear in a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) knock-out mouse model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017; 26:733-744. [PMID: 28131694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed muscular architecture, atrophy, and fatty infiltration remain irreversible in chronic rotator cuff tears even after repair. Poly (adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a key regulator of inflammation, apoptosis, muscle atrophy, muscle regeneration, and adipocyte development. We hypothesized that the absence of PARP-1 would lead to a reduction in damage to the muscle subsequent to combined tenotomy and neurectomy in a PARP-1 knockout (KO) mouse model. METHODS PARP-1 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 (WT group) mice were analyzed at 1, 6, and 12 weeks (total n = 84). In all mice, the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles of the left shoulder were detached and denervated. Macroscopic analysis, magnetic resonance imaging, gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry, and histology were used to assess the differences in PARP-1 KO and WT mice. RESULTS The muscles in the PARP-1 KO group had significantly less retraction, atrophy, and fatty infiltration after 12 weeks than in the WT group. Gene expression of inflammatory, apoptotic, adipogenic, and muscular atrophy genes was significantly decreased in PARP-1 KO mice in the first 6 weeks. DISCUSSION Absence of PARP-1 leads to a reduction in muscular architectural damage, early inflammation, apoptosis, atrophy, and fatty infiltration after combined tenotomy and neurectomy of the rotator cuff muscle. Although the macroscopic reaction to injury is similar in the first 6 weeks, the ability of the muscles to regenerate was much greater in the PARP-1 KO group, leading to a near-normalization of the muscle after 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Kuenzler
- Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Nuss
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Karol
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Schär
- Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hottiger
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sumit Raniga
- Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Kenkel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias A Zumstein
- Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Shoulder & Elbow Unit, SportsClinic #1 AG, Bern, Switzerland.
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Smith ZK, Chung KY, Parr SL, Johnson BJ. Anabolic payout of terminal implant alters adipogenic gene expression of the longissimus muscle in beef steers. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1197-1204. [PMID: 28380538 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the dose and payout pattern of trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol-17β (E) on LM mRNA expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-ɑ (-ɑ), β, G protein-coupled receptor 41(), G protein-coupled receptor 43 (), γ, and stearoyl CoA desaturase () in finishing feedlot steers as indicators of adipogenesis and marbling development. British × Continental steers (n = 168; 14 pens/treatment; initial BW = 362 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design. Treatments included: no implant (NI), Revalor-S (REV-S; 120 mg TBA + 24 mg E), or Revalor-XS (REV-X; delayed release implant: 80 mg TBA + 16 mg E [uncoated], 120 mg TBA + 24 mg E [coated], 200 mg TBA + 40 mg E [total]). Steers were fed 1 time daily for an average of 164 d. The LM biopsies were collected (1 steer/pen) on d -1, 27, 55, and 111 relative to timing of implant. Total RNA was isolated from each sample and real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure quantity of -ɑ, β, , ,it, γ, and mRNA. No implant × day interactions were detected ( ≥ 0.19) in this experiment. Day impacted the mRNA expression of all adipogenic genes ( ≤ 0.02). The main effect of implant tended ( = 0.09) to influence expression of -ɑ, REV-X had an 8.8% increase over NI and an 18.7% increase over REV-S. Implant influenced ( = 0.03) mRNA expression of , expression of for the REV-X treatment was not different ( > 0.10) from NI, and both were greater ( ≤ 0.05) than REV-S (1.13, 1.00, and 0.67 ± 0.224 arbitrary units) for REV-X, NI, and REV-S, respectively. Implant also influenced ( = 0.02) expression of , expression of for REV-X was not different ( > 0.10) from NI, and both were greater ( ≤ 0.05) than REV-S (1.27, 1.07, and 0.72 ± 0.234 arbitrary units) for REV-X, NI, and REV-S, respectively. Implant influenced ( = 0.02) mRNA expression of γ in LM tissue, expression of γ for REV-X was not different ( > 0.10) from NI, and both were greater ( ≤ 0.05) than REV-S (1.09, 1.02, and 0.69 ± 0.195 arbitrary units) for REV-X, NI, and REV-S, respectively. The REV-X steers received the greatest anabolic dose of TBA + E without detriment to marbling scores. The increased mRNA expression of adipogenic genes for REV-X steers suggest that the delayed and gradual release of anabolic stimulants associated with REV-X might have mitigated decreases in marbling generally attributed to multiple combined TBA + E implants.
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Choi J, Kim KJ, Koh EJ, Lee BY. Gelidium elegans Regulates the AMPK-PRDM16-UCP-1 Pathway and Has a Synergistic Effect with Orlistat on Obesity-Associated Features in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2017; 9:E342. [PMID: 28358328 PMCID: PMC5409681 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity is rising at an alarming rate throughout the world and is becoming a major public health concern with incalculable social and economic costs. Gelidium elegans (GENS), also previously known as Gelidium amansii, has been shown to exhibit anti-obesity effects. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which GENS is able to do this remains unclear. In the present study, our results showed that GENS prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain through modulation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-PR domain-containing16 (PRDM16)-uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) pathway in a mice model. We also found that GENS decreased hyperglycemia in mice that had been fed a HFD compared to corresponding controls. We also assessed the beneficial effect of the combined treatment with GENS and orlistat (a Food and Drug Administration-approved obesity drug) on obesity characteristics in HFD-fed mice. We found that in HFD-fed mice, the combination of GENS and orlistat is associated with more significant weight loss than orlistat treatment alone. Moreover, our results demonstrated a positive synergistic effect of GENS and orlistat on hyperglycemia and plasma triglyceride level in these animals. Thus, we suggest that a combination therapy of GENS and orlistat may positively influence obesity-related health outcomes in a diet-induced obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 463-400, Korea.
| | - Kui-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 463-400, Korea.
| | - Eun-Jeong Koh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 463-400, Korea.
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 463-400, Korea.
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Sieber MH, Spradling AC. The role of metabolic states in development and disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 45:58-68. [PMID: 28347941 PMCID: PMC6894399 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During development, cells adopt distinct metabolic strategies to support growth, produce energy, and meet the demands of a mature tissue. Some of these metabolic states maintain a constrained program of nutrient utilization, while others providing metabolic flexibility as a means to couple developmental progression with nutrient availability. Here we discuss our understanding of metabolic programs, and how they support specific aspects of animal development. During phases of rapid proliferation a subset of metabolic programs provide the building blocks to support growth. During differentiation, metabolic programs shift to support the unique demands of each tissue. Finally, we discuss how a model system, such as Drosophila egg development, can provide a versatile platform to discover novel mechanisms controlling programmed shift in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Sieber
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Labs, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Allan C Spradling
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Labs, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
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Mota de Sá P, Richard AJ, Hang H, Stephens JM. Transcriptional Regulation of Adipogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:635-674. [PMID: 28333384 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes are the defining cell type of adipose tissue. Once considered a passive participant in energy storage, adipose tissue is now recognized as a dynamic organ that contributes to several important physiological processes, such as lipid metabolism, systemic energy homeostasis, and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in its development and function is of great importance. Adipocyte differentiation is a highly orchestrated process which can vary between different fat depots as well as between the sexes. While hormones, miRNAs, cytoskeletal proteins, and many other effectors can modulate adipocyte development, the best understood regulators of adipogenesis are the transcription factors that inhibit or promote this process. Ectopic expression and knockdown approaches in cultured cells have been widely used to understand the contribution of transcription factors to adipocyte development, providing a basis for more sophisticated in vivo strategies to examine adipogenesis. To date, over two dozen transcription factors have been shown to play important roles in adipocyte development. These transcription factors belong to several families with many different DNA-binding domains. While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is undoubtedly the most important transcriptional modulator of adipocyte development in all types of adipose tissue, members of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, Krüppel-like transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription, GATA, early B cell factor, and interferon-regulatory factor families also regulate adipogenesis. The importance of PPARγ activity is underscored by several covalent modifications that modulate its activity and its ability to modulate adipocyte development. This review will primarily focus on the transcriptional control of adipogenesis in white fat cells and on the mechanisms involved in this fine-tuned developmental process. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:635-674, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mota de Sá
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hardy Hang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Synergetic effect of topological cue and periodic mechanical tension-stress on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 154:1-9. [PMID: 28268191 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to self-renew and differentiate into tissues of mesenchymal origin, making them to be significant for cell-based therapies, such as metabolic bone diseases and bone repair. Regulating the differentiation of MSCs is significant for bone regeneration. Electrospun fibers mimicking natural extracellular matrix (ECM), is an effective artificial ECM to regulate the behaviors and fates of MSCs. The aligned electrospun fibers can modulate polar cell pattern of bone mesenchymal stem cells, which leads to more obvious osteogenic differentiation. Apart from the topographic effect of electrospun fibers, mechanical cues can also intervene the cell behaviors. In this study, the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated, which were cultured on aligned/random electrospun fiber mats materials under mechanical tension intervention. Scanning electron microscope and immune-fluorescent staining were used to directly observe the polarity changing of cellular morphology and cytoskeleton. The results proved that aligned electrospun fibers could be more conducive to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells and this promotion of osteogenic differentiation was enhanced by tension intervention. These results were correlated to the quantitative real-time PCR assay. In general, culturing rat bone mesenchymal stem cells on electrospun fibers under the intervention of mechanical tension is an effective way to mimic a more real cellular microenvironment.
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Yang X, Sui W, Zhang M, Dong M, Lim S, Seki T, Guo Z, Fischer C, Lu H, Zhang C, Yang J, Zhang M, Wang Y, Cao C, Gao Y, Zhao X, Sun M, Sun Y, Zhuang R, Samani NJ, Zhang Y, Cao Y. Switching harmful visceral fat to beneficial energy combustion improves metabolic dysfunctions. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89044. [PMID: 28239649 PMCID: PMC5313060 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral fat is considered the genuine and harmful white adipose tissue (WAT) that is associated to development of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Here, we present a new concept to turn the harmful visceral fat into a beneficial energy consumption depot, which is beneficial for improvement of metabolic dysfunctions in obese mice. We show that low temperature-dependent browning of visceral fat caused decreased adipose weight, total body weight, and body mass index, despite increased food intake. In high-fat diet-fed mice, low temperature exposure improved browning of visceral fat, global metabolism via nonshivering thermogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic steatosis. Genome-wide expression profiling showed upregulation of WAT browning-related genes including Cidea and Dio2. Conversely, Prdm16 was unchanged in healthy mice or was downregulated in obese mice. Surgical removal of visceral fat and genetic knockdown of UCP1 in epididymal fat largely ablated low temperature-increased global thermogenesis and resulted in the death of most mice. Thus, browning of visceral fat may be a compensatory heating mechanism that could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treating visceral fat-associated obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhai Sui
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharon Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ziheng Guo
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Carina Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huixia Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caixia Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingguo Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meili Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rujie Zhuang
- The TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihai Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Wuertz BR, Darrah L, Wudel J, Ondrey FG. Thiazolidinediones abrogate cervical cancer growth. Exp Cell Res 2017; 353:63-71. [PMID: 28219679 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) is activated by thiazolidinedione drugs (TZDs) and can promote anti-cancer properties. We used three TZDs (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and ciglitazone) to target cervical cancer cell lines and a nude mouse animal model. Each agent increased activation of PPAR γ, as judged by a luciferase reporter gene assay in three HPV-associated cell lines (CaSki, SiHa, and HeLa cells) while decreasing cellular proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. They also promoted Oil Red O accumulation in treated cell lines and upregulated the lipid differentiation marker adipsin. Interestingly, xenograft HeLa tumors in nude mice treated with 100mg/kg/day pioglitazone exhibited decreased growth compared to control mice or mice treated with standard cervical chemotherapy. In conclusion, TZDs slow tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo with decreases in cell proliferation and increases in PPAR γ and adipsin. These agents may be interesting treatments or treatment adjuncts for HPV-associated cancers or perhaps even precancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly R Wuertz
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Lindsay Darrah
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Justin Wudel
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Frank G Ondrey
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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79
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El Agha E, Moiseenko A, Kheirollahi V, De Langhe S, Crnkovic S, Kwapiszewska G, Szibor M, Kosanovic D, Schwind F, Schermuly RT, Henneke I, MacKenzie B, Quantius J, Herold S, Ntokou A, Ahlbrecht K, Braun T, Morty RE, Günther A, Seeger W, Bellusci S. Two-Way Conversion between Lipogenic and Myogenic Fibroblastic Phenotypes Marks the Progression and Resolution of Lung Fibrosis. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:261-273.e3. [PMID: 27867035 PMCID: PMC5291816 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a form of progressive interstitial lung disease with unknown etiology. Due to a lack of effective treatment, IPF is associated with a high mortality rate. The hallmark feature of this disease is the accumulation of activated myofibroblasts that excessively deposit extracellular matrix proteins, thus compromising lung architecture and function and hindering gas exchange. Here we investigated the origin of activated myofibroblasts and the molecular mechanisms governing fibrosis formation and resolution. Genetic engineering in mice enables the time-controlled labeling and monitoring of lipogenic or myogenic populations of lung fibroblasts during fibrosis formation and resolution. Our data demonstrate a lipogenic-to-myogenic switch in fibroblastic phenotype during fibrosis formation. Conversely, we observed a myogenic-to-lipogenic switch during fibrosis resolution. Analysis of human lung tissues and primary human lung fibroblasts indicates that this fate switching is involved in IPF pathogenesis, opening potential therapeutic avenues to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alena Moiseenko
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Vahid Kheirollahi
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stijn De Langhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Slaven Crnkovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Center for Medical Research, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Center for Medical Research, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marten Szibor
- Institute of Biotechnology, FinMIT Cluster of Excellence, Viikinkaari 5, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix Schwind
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Henneke
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - BreAnne MacKenzie
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Quantius
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Aglaia Ntokou
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, W.G. Kerckhoff Institute, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, W.G. Kerckhoff Institute, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, W.G. Kerckhoff Institute, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, W.G. Kerckhoff Institute, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, W.G. Kerckhoff Institute, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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80
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Al-Kurdi B. Hierarchical transcriptional profile of urothelial cells development and differentiation. Differentiation 2017; 95:10-20. [PMID: 28135607 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The urothelial lining of the lower urinary tract is the most efficient permeability barrier in animals, exhibiting a highly differentiated phenotype and a remarkable regenerative capacity upon wounding. During development and possibly during repair, cells undergo a sequence of hierarchical transcriptional events that mark the transition of these cells from the least differentiated urothelial phenotype characteristic of the basal cell layer, to the most differentiated cellular phenotype characteristic of the superficial cell layer. Unraveling normal urothelial differentiation program is essential to uncover the underlying causes of many congenital abnormalities and for the development of an appropriate differentiation niche for stem cells, for future use in urinary tract tissue engineering and organ reconstruction. Kruppel like factor-5 appears to be at the top of the hierarchy activating several downstream transcription factors, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ. Eventually those lead to the activation of transcription factors that directly regulate the expression of uroplakin proteins along with other proteins that mediate the permeability function of the urothelium. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings in the area of urothelial cellular differentiation and transcriptional regulation, aiming for a comprehensive overview that aids in a refined understanding of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Al-Kurdi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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81
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Pyrintegrin Induces Soft Tissue Formation by Transplanted or Endogenous Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:36402. [PMID: 28128224 PMCID: PMC5269584 DOI: 10.1038/srep36402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adipose deficiency, such as lipoatrophy, lumpectomy or facial trauma, is a formidable challenge in reconstructive medicine, and yet scarcely investigated in experimental studies. Here, we report that Pyrintegrin (Ptn), a 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine known to promote embryonic stem cells survival, is robustly adipogenic and induces postnatal adipose tissue formation in vivo of transplanted adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) and recruited endogenous cells. In vitro, Ptn stimulated human adipose tissue derived ASCs to differentiate into lipid-laden adipocytes by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), with differentiated cells increasingly secreting adiponectin, leptin, glycerol and total triglycerides. Ptn-primed human ASCs seeded in 3D-bioprinted biomaterial scaffolds yielded newly formed adipose tissue that expressed human PPARγ, when transplanted into the dorsum of athymic mice. Remarkably, Ptn-adsorbed 3D scaffolds implanted in the inguinal fat pad had enhanced adipose tissue formation, suggesting Ptn’s ability to induce in situ adipogenesis of endogenous cells. Ptn promoted adipogenesis by upregulating PPARγ and C/EBPα not only in adipogenesis induction medium, but also in chemically defined medium specifically for osteogenesis, and concurrently attenuated Runx2 and Osx via BMP-mediated SMAD1/5 phosphorylation. These findings suggest Ptn’s novel role as an adipogenesis inducer with a therapeutic potential in soft tissue reconstruction and augmentation.
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82
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Icariin influences adipogenic differentiation of stem cells affected by osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture and clinical research adipogenic. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:436-442. [PMID: 28122309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To build mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 and mouse osteoclast RAW264.7 co-culture system and to study the effect of icariin on the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the co-culture system. METHODS In vitro acquisition and cultivation of mouse osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 and mouse RAW264.7 cells were conducted. Osteoblast and osteoclast activities of cells were detected by CCK-8 staining experiment, alizarin red staining and tartaric-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. We used different concentrations of icariin to interfere in osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture system. The effects of icariin on various genes were detected by PCR and Western blot methods The correction between the expression of PPARγ and BMD was analyzed in patients with osteoporosis. RESULTS Mouse osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture system was built, and the osteogenic differentiation effect was enhanced. Icariin can improve the MC3T3-E1 osteogenic differentiation activity, enhance the expression of OPG and RANKL gene protein, reduce the NF-κb gene and protein expression, increase of ALP, TGF-b1 and RANKL gene expression level and reduce RANK gene expression. Icariin can act on MC3T3-E1 cells-RAW264.7 cells co-culture system, and promote the osteogenic activity of MC3T3-E1 cells, inhibit the osteoclast activity of RAW264.7 cells and reduce the level of BMSCs adipogenic differentiation. The expression level of PPAR-γ gene was negatively correlated with the level of BMD. CONCLUSIONS Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells and mouse RAW264.7 cells could be co-cultured in vitro, and icariin could improve the osteogenic activity of MC3T3 cells-RAW264.7 cells and decrease the osteoclast activity. Icariin could inhibit adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs in the osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture, promoting osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation.
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83
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C-terminus of HSC70-Interacting Protein (CHIP) Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation via Ubiquitin- and Proteasome-Mediated Degradation of PPARγ. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40023. [PMID: 28059128 PMCID: PMC5216347 DOI: 10.1038/srep40023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARγ (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) is a nuclear receptor involved in lipid homeostasis and related metabolic diseases. Acting as a transcription factor, PPARγ is a master regulator for adipocyte differentiation. Here, we reveal that CHIP (C-terminus of HSC70-interacting protein) suppresses adipocyte differentiation by functioning as an E3 ligase of PPARγ. CHIP directly binds to and induces ubiquitylation of the PPARγ protein, leading to proteasome-dependent degradation. Stable overexpression or knockdown of CHIP inhibited or promoted adipogenesis, respectively, in 3T3-L1 cells. On the other hand, a CHIP mutant defective in E3 ligase could neither regulate PPARγ protein levels nor suppress adipogenesis, indicating the importance of CHIP-mediated ubiquitylation of PPARγ in adipocyte differentiation. Lastly, a CHIP null embryo fibroblast exhibited augmented adipocyte differentiation with increases in PPARγ and its target protein levels. In conclusion, CHIP acts as an E3 ligase of PPARγ, suppressing PPARγ-mediated adipogenesis.
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84
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Wafer R, Tandon P, Minchin JEN. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma ( PPARG) in Adipogenesis: Applying Knowledge from the Fish Aquaculture Industry to Biomedical Research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:102. [PMID: 28588550 PMCID: PMC5438977 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical freshwater zebrafish has recently emerged as a valuable model organism for the study of adipose tissue biology and obesity-related disease. The strengths of the zebrafish model system are its wealth of genetic mutants, transgenic tools, and amenability to high-resolution imaging of cell dynamics within live animals. However, zebrafish adipose research is at a nascent stage and many gaps exist in our understanding of zebrafish adipose physiology and metabolism. By contrast, adipose research within other, closely related, teleost species has a rich and extensive history, owing to the economic importance of these fish as a food source. Here, we compare and contrast knowledge on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)-mediated adipogenesis derived from both biomedical and aquaculture literatures. We first concentrate on the biomedical literature to (i) briefly review PPARG-mediated adipogenesis in mammals, before (ii) reviewing Pparg-mediated adipogenesis in zebrafish. Finally, we (iii) mine the aquaculture literature to compare and contrast Pparg-mediated adipogenesis in aquaculturally relevant teleosts. Our goal is to highlight evolutionary similarities and differences in adipose biology that will inform our understanding of the role of adipose tissue in obesity and related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wafer
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Panna Tandon
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James E. N. Minchin
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- *Correspondence: James E. N. Minchin,
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Powell DJ, Velleman SG, Cowieson AJ, Muir WI. Methionine concentration in the pre-starter diet: its effect on broiler breast muscle development. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of feeding diets of variable methionine concentration on breast muscle development was assessed in Ross 308 broiler chicks. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic starter diets were formulated to contain 7.8, 5.9, 4.6, and 3.4 g methionine/kg diet, and were provided for the first 7 days post-hatch. At 7 days of age all birds were placed on an industry standard starter diet with 5.9 g methionine/kg diet until 14 days, and then provided standard broiler grower (until 28 days) and finisher (until 42 days) diets. Birds were weighed periodically throughout the study and feed intake and feed conversion ratio were determined. Ten birds per treatment were sacrificed and weighed on 0, 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. The pectoralis major (breast muscle) was then removed from the carcass and weighed. Samples of breast muscle were collected for genetic and histological analysis. Expression of the myogenic marker genes, myogenic differentiation factor 1 and myogenin, which regulate satellite cell activity, and the adipogenic marker gene, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), was measured. Histological assessment of breast muscle morphology and fat deposition morphology was also performed. No effect of dietary treatment was observed on body or breast muscle weight, feed intake or feed conversion ratio. Marker gene expression was also similar in all treatment groups, except for PPARγ. Significantly higher expression of PPARγ was observed at 0 days in the 5.9 g methionine/kg diet treatment, before dietary treatments were provided. Expression of PPARγ did not differ among treatment groups on any subsequent day. Methionine dietary treatment had no effect on the morphological structure of the breast muscle, or intramuscular fat deposition. These results suggest that under the conditions of this study, satellite cell activity in the early post-hatch chick, and subsequent muscle development, were not responsive to the variable methionine manipulations tested in the pre-starter period.
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86
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Siebert A, Goren I, Pfeilschifter J, Frank S. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rosiglitazone in Obesity-Impaired Wound Healing Depend on Adipocyte Differentiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168562. [PMID: 27992530 PMCID: PMC5167406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined diabetes-obesity syndromes severely impair regeneration of acute skin wounds in mouse models. This study assessed the contribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue to exacerbated wound inflammatory conditions. Genetically obese (ob/ob) mice showed an increased expression of positive transcriptional effectors of adipocyte differentiation such as Krüppel-like factor (KLF)-5 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and an associated expression of leptin and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP)-4, but also CXCL2 in isolated subcutaneous fat. This observation in obese mice is in keeping with differentially elevated levels of KLF-5, PPAR-γ, leptin, FABP-4 and CXCL2 in in vitro-differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Notably, CXCL2 expression restrictively appeared upon cytokine (IL-1β/TNF-α) stimulation only in mature, but not immature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Of importance, the critical regulator of adipocyte maturation, PPAR-γ, was merely expressed in the final phase of in-vitro induced adipocyte differentiation from 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Consistently, the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone suppressed cytokine-induced CXCL2 release from mature adipocytes, but not from early 3T3-L1 adipocyte stages. The inhibitory effect of PPAR-γ activation on CXCL2 release appeared to be a general anti-inflammatory effect in mature adipocytes, as cytokine-induced cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 was simultaneously repressed by rosiglitazone. In accordance with these findings, oral administration of rosiglitazone to wounded obese mice significantly changed subcutaneous adipocyte morphology, reduced wound CXCL2 and Cox-2 expression and improved tissue regeneration. Thus, our data suggest that PPAR-γ might provide a target to suppress inflammatory signals from mature adipocytes, which add to the prolonged wound inflammation observed in diabetes-obesity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siebert
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Itamar Goren
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Frank
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Chatterjee S, Sanyal D, Das Choudhury S, Bandyopadhyay M, Chakraborty S, Mukherjee A. Effect of pioglitazone on nerve conduction velocity of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel in type 2 diabetes patients. World J Diabetes 2016; 7:547-553. [PMID: 27895823 PMCID: PMC5107714 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i19.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of pioglitazone pharmacotherapy in median nerve electrophysiology in the carpal tunnel among type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS The study was executed in patients with type 2 diabetes, treated with oral drugs, categorized under pioglitazone or non-pioglitazone group (14 in each group), and who received electrophysiological evaluation by nerve conduction velocity at baseline and 3 mo. RESULTS At 3 mo, pioglitazone-category had inferior amplitude in sensory median nerve [8.5 interquartile range (IQR) = 6.5 to 11.5) vs non-pioglitazone 14.5 (IQR 10.5 to 18.75)] (P = 0.002). Non-pioglitazone category displayed amelioration in amplitude in the sensory median nerve [baseline 13 (IQR = 9 to 16.25) vs 3 mo 8.5 (IQR = 6.5 to 11.5)] (P = 0.01) and amplitude in motor median nerve [baseline 9 (IQR = 4.75 to 11) vs 3 mo 6.75 (IQR = 4.75 to 10.25)] (P = 0.049); and deterioration of terminal latency of in motor ulnar nerve [baseline 2.07 (IQR = 1.92 to 2.25) vs 3 mo 2.16 (IQR = 1.97 to 2.325)] (P = 0.043). There was amelioration of terminal latency in sensory ulnar nerve [baseline 2.45 (IQR = 2.315 to 2.88) vs 3 mo 2.37 (IQR = 2.275 to 2.445) for pioglitazone group (P = 0.038). CONCLUSION Treatment with pioglitazone accentuates probability of compressive neuropathy. In spite of comparable glycemic control over 3 mo, patients treated with pioglitazone showed superior electrophysiological parameters for the ulnar nerve. Pioglitazone has favourable outcome in nerve electrophysiology which was repealed when the nerve was subjected to compressive neuropathy.
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88
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Shipp SL, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Recent advances in the understanding of how neuropeptide Y and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone function in adipose physiology. Adipocyte 2016; 5:333-350. [PMID: 27994947 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2016.1208867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between the brain and the adipose tissue has been the focus of many studies in recent years, with the "brain-fat axis" identified as a system that orchestrates the assimilation and usage of energy to maintain body mass and adequate fat stores. It is now well-known that appetite-regulating peptides that were studied as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system can act both on the hypothalamus to regulate feeding behavior and also on the adipose tissue to modulate the storage of energy. Energy balance is thus partly controlled by factors that can alter both energy intake and storage/expenditure. Two such factors involved in these processes are neuropeptide Y (NPY) and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). NPY, an orexigenic factor, is associated with promoting adipogenesis in both mammals and chickens, while α-MSH, an anorexigenic factor, stimulates lipolysis in rodents. There is also evidence of interaction between the 2 peptides. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the study of NPY and α-MSH regarding their role in adipose tissue physiology, with an emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms. A greater understanding of the brain-fat axis and regulation of adiposity by bioactive peptides may provide insights on strategies to prevent or treat obesity and also enhance nutrient utilization efficiency in agriculturally-important species.
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89
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Becker SF, Jarriault S. Natural and induced direct reprogramming: mechanisms, concepts and general principles-from the worm to vertebrates. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 40:154-163. [PMID: 27690213 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms underlying cell fate determination, cell identity maintenance and cell reprogramming in vivo is one of the main challenges in today's science. Such knowledge of fundamental importance will further provide new leads for early diagnostics and targeted therapy approaches both in regenerative medicine and cancer research. This review focuses on recent mechanistic findings and factors that influence the differentiated state of cells in direct reprogramming events, aka transdifferentiation. In particular, we will look at the mechanistic and conceptual advances brought by the use of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and highlight common themes across phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Becker
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cu Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Jarriault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cu Strasbourg, France.
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90
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Potential of Natural Products in the Inhibition of Adipogenesis through Regulation of PPARγ Expression and/or Its Transcriptional Activity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101278. [PMID: 27669202 PMCID: PMC6274451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem characterized as an increase in the mass of adipose tissue. Adipogenesis is one of the key pathways that increases the mass of adipose tissue, by which preadipocytes mature into adipocytes through cell differentiation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), the chief regulator of adipogenesis, has been acutely investigated as a molecular target for natural products in the development of anti-obesity treatments. In this review, the regulation of PPARγ expression by natural products through inhibition of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), increased expression of GATA-2 and GATA-3 and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were analyzed. Furthermore, the regulation of PPARγ transcriptional activity associated with natural products through the antagonism of PPARγ and activation of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were discussed. Lastly, regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by natural products, which might regulate both PPARγ expression and PPARγ transcriptional activity, was summarized. Understanding the role natural products play, as well as the mechanisms behind their regulation of PPARγ activity is critical for future research into their therapeutic potential for fighting obesity.
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91
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Lesion Prevents Fatty Infiltration and Fibrosis of the Multifidus Muscle, but not Cytokine and Muscle Fiber Changes. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41:1208-1217. [PMID: 27135642 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal case-control animal model. OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment on multifidus muscle remodeling after intervertebral disc (IVD) lesion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Lesion and degeneration of IVDs cause structural remodeling of the multifidus muscle. Proinflammatory cytokines are thought to contribute. MSC treatment restores IVD health after lesion but its effects on surrounding tissues remains unknown. Using an animal model of IVD degeneration, we assessed the effects of MSC treatment of IVDs on the structural remodeling and cytokine expression within the multifidus muscle. METHODS An anterolateral lesion was performed on the L1-2, L3-4, and L5-6 IVDs in sheep. At either 4 (early treatment) or 12 (late treatment) weeks after IVD lesion, MSCs were injected into the lesioned IVD. Multifidus muscle was harvested from L2 (gene expression analysis) and L4 (histological analysis) at 3 or 6 months after IVD lesion and naïve controls for histological analysis of muscle, adipose, and connective tissue cross-sectional areas, and immunohistochemistry to study muscle fiber types. Real-time polymerase chain reactions quantified expression of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1β, and transforming growth factor-β1. RESULTS MSC treatment of IVD lesion prevented the increased adipose and connective tissue cross-sectional area expected after IVD lesion. MSC treatment did not prevent slow-to-fast muscle fiber type transformation. Gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines within the muscle was altered by the MSC treatment of IVD. Increased interleukin-1β expression was prevented in the early treatment group and tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor-β1 expression was upregulated at 6 months. CONCLUSION Results show that although MSC treatment prevents fatty infiltration and fibrosis of the multifidus muscle after IVD lesion, it cannot prevent a muscle inflammatory response and muscle fiber transformation. These findings highlight the potential role of MSC therapy after IVD injury, but reveals that other interventions may also be necessary to optimize recovery of muscle. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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92
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C/EBPα represses slow myosin heavy chain 2 gene expression in developing avian myotubes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2355-2362. [PMID: 27424922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBP) comprise a family of transcription factors that regulate many cellular processes. Little is known of their function during embryonic and fetal myogenesis. Slow myosin heavy chain 2 (MyHC2) is a marker of the slow avian skeletal muscle fiber type, and slow MyHC2 gene regulation involves molecular pathways that lead to muscle fiber type diversification. METHODS The biological effects of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ expression were analyzed by use of a general C/EBP activity reporter and by slow MyHC2 promoter-reporter constructs transfected into specific myogenic cell lineages. The effects of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ expression were also analyzed by immunocytochemical detection of slow MyHC2. C/EBPα interaction with the slow MyHC2 promoter was assessed by electromobility shift assays. RESULTS C/EBPα and C/EBPβ are present in embryonic fast and fast/slow avian myogenic lineages. Overexpression of C/EBPα cDNA repressed slow MyHC2 promoter activity in embryonic myotubes and in both electrically stimulated fetal myotubes. Deletion analysis of the slow MyHC2 promoter-luciferase reporter demonstrated that the transcriptional repression mediated by C/EBPα occurs within the first 222bp upstream from exon 1 of the slow MyHC2 gene. Electromobility shift assays determined that C/EBPα can bind to a non-canonical C/EBP site within the slow MyHC2 gene, and mutation of this site reduced transcriptional repression of the slow MyHC2 gene. CONCLUSION C/EBPα, but not C/EBPβ, represses slow MyHC2 promoter activity via a non-canonical C/EBP binding element. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Members of the C/EBP family of transcription factors differentially regulate genes indicative of distinct muscle fiber types.
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93
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Wu W, Sun Y, Zhao C, Zhao C, Chen X, Wang G, Pang W, Yang G. Lipogenesis in myoblasts and its regulation of CTRP6 by AdipoR1/Erk/PPARγ signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:509-19. [PMID: 27125977 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The induced lipogenesis and its regulation in C2C12 myoblasts remain largely unclear. Here, we found that the cocktail method could significantly induce lipogenesis through regulating lipid metabolic genes and Erk1/2 phosphorylation in myoblasts. Meanwhile, the expression and secretion of CTRP6 were increased during ectopic lipogenesis. Moreover, CTRP6 knockdown down-regulated the levels of lipogenic genes and phosphorylated Erk1/2 (p-Erk1/2) in the early lipogenic stage, whereas up-regulated p-Erk1/2 in the terminal differentiation. Interestingly, the effect of CTRP6 siRNA was attenuated by U0126 (a special p-Erk1/2 inhibitor) in myoblasts. Furthermore, AdipoR1, not AdipoR2, was first identified as a receptor of CTRP6 during the process of mitotic clonal expansion. Collectively, we suggest that CTRP6 mediates the ectopic lipogenesis through AdipoR1/Erk/PPARγ signaling pathway in myoblasts. Our findings will shed light on the novel biological function of CTRP6 during myoblast lipogenesis and provide a hopeful direction of improving meat quality of domestic animal by lipogenic regulation in skeletal muscle myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yunmei Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Cunzhen Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaochang Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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94
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Jan AT, Lee EJ, Ahmad S, Choi I. Meeting the meat: delineating the molecular machinery of muscle development. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 58:18. [PMID: 27168943 PMCID: PMC4862161 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle, studied mostly with respect to meat production, represents one of the largest protein reservoirs of the body. As gene expression profiling holds credibility to deal with the increasing demand of food from animal sources, excessive loss due to myopathies and other muscular dystrophies was found detrimental as it aggravates diseases that result in increased morbidity and mortality. Holding key point towards improving the developmental program of muscle in meat producing animals, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the associated pathways in livestock animals is believed to open up new avenues towards enhancing the lean tissue deposition. To this end, identification of vital candidate genes having no known function in myogenesis, is believed to increase the current understanding of the physiological processes going on in the skeletal muscle tissue. Taking consequences of gene expression changes into account, knowledge of the pathways associated with their activation and as such up-regulation seems critical for the overall muscle homeostasis. Having important implications on livestock production, a thorough understanding of postnatal muscle development seems a timely step to fulfil the growing need of ever increasing populations of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Sarafraz Ahmad
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
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95
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Lucattelli M, Fineschi S, Selvi E, Garcia Gonzalez E, Bartalesi B, De Cunto G, Lorenzini S, Galeazzi M, Lungarella G. Ajulemic acid exerts potent anti-fibrotic effect during the fibrogenic phase of bleomycin lung. Respir Res 2016; 17:49. [PMID: 27153807 PMCID: PMC4859981 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ajulemic acid (AjA) is a synthetic analogue of tetrahydrocannabinol that can prevent and limit progression of skin fibrosis in experimental systemic sclerosis. In this study we investigated whether AjA also prevents and modulates lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM) when administered in mice during the inflammatory or the fibrogenic phase of the model. Methods The anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic efficacy of AjA was evaluated in DBA/2 mice treated orally once a day starting either at day 0 (preventive treatment) or at day 8 (therapeutic treatment) after a single intratracheal instillation of BLM. AjA was given at a dose of 1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg. Mice were sacrificed at day 8, 14 and 21 after BLM and lungs were processed for histology and morphometry, and examined for HO-proline content and for the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSMAD2/3), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). Results In the 1st week after BLM challenge, an acute inflammation characterized by neutrophil and macrophage accumulation was the main change present in lung parenchyma. The “switch” between inflammation and fibrosis occurs between day 8 and 14 after BLM instillation and involves the bronchi and vasculature. In the subsequent week (at day 21 after BLM instillation) bronchiolocentric fibrosis with significant increase of tissue collagen develops. The fibrotic response evaluated by morphometry and quantified as HO-proline in lung tissue at day 21 after BLM treatment was significantly reduced in mice receiving either AjA in the inflammatory or in early fibrogenic phase. AjA induces marked change in the expression pattern of products implicated in fibrogenesis, such as TGF-β1, pSMAD2/3, CTGF and α-SMA. In addition, AjA increases significantly the number of PPAR-γ positive cells and its nuclear localization. Conclusions AjA treatment, starting either at day 0 or at day 8 after BLM challenge, counteracts the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. The anti-fibrotic effectiveness of AjA is irrespective of timing of compound administration. Further clinical studies are necessary to establish whether AjA may represent a new therapeutic option for treating fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lucattelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Fineschi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Selvi
- and Rheumatology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Bartalesi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Cunto
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Galeazzi
- and Rheumatology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lungarella
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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96
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Luo H, Zhou Y, Hu X, Peng X, Wei H, Peng J, Jiang S. Activation of PPARγ2 by PPARγ1 through a functional PPRE in transdifferentiation of myoblasts to adipocytes induced by EPA. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1830-41. [PMID: 25892270 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1033594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARγ and Wnt signaling are central positive and negative regulators of adipogenesis, respectively. Here we identified that, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) could effectively induce the transdifferentiation of myoblasts into adipocytes through modulation of both PPARγ expression and Wnt signaling. During the early stage of transdifferentiation, EPA activates PPARδ and PPARγ1, which in turn targets β-catenin to degradation and down-regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, such that the myogenic fate of myoblasts could be switched to adipogenesis. In addition, EPA up-regulates the expression of PPARγ1 by activating RXRα, then PPARγ1 binds to the functional peroxisome proliferator responsive element (PPRE) in the promoter of adipocyte-specific PPARγ2 to continuously activate the expression of PPARγ2 throughout the transdifferentiation process. Our data indicated that EPA acts as a dual-function stimulator of adipogenesis that both inhibits Wnt signaling and induces PPARγ2 expression to facilitate the transdifferentiation program, and the transcriptional activation of PPARγ2 by PPARγ1 is not only the key factor for the transdifferentiation of myoblasts to adipocytes, but also the crucial evidence for successful transdifferentiation. The present findings provided insight for the first time as to how EPA induces the transdifferentiation of myoblasts to adipocytes, but also provide new clues for strategies to prevent and treat some metabolic diseases.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein
- DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid
- IMF, intramuscular fat
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PPARγ1
- PPARγ2
- PPARδ
- PPRE, peroxisome proliferator responsive element
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- RXR, retinoid X receptor.
- Wnt/β-catenin signaling
- eicosapentaenoic acid
- transdifferentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefeng Luo
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; College of Animal Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University ; Wuhan , China
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97
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Chang YJ, Chen YJ, Huang CW, Fan SC, Huang BM, Chang WT, Tsai YS, Su FC, Wu CC. Cyclic Stretch Facilitates Myogenesis in C2C12 Myoblasts and Rescues Thiazolidinedione-Inhibited Myotube Formation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:27. [PMID: 27047938 PMCID: PMC4800178 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinedione (TZD), a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, was developed to control blood glucose in diabetes patients. However, several side effects were reported that increased the risk of heart failure. We used C2C12 myoblasts to investigate the role of PPARs and their transcriptional activity during myotube formation. The role of mechanical stretch during myogenesis was also explored by applying cyclic stretch to the differentiating C2C12 myoblasts with 10% strain deformation at 1 Hz. The myogenesis medium (MM), composed of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with 2% horse serum, facilitated myotube formation with increased myosin heavy chain and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression. The PPARγ protein and PPAR response element (PPRE) promoter activity decreased during MM induction. Cyclic stretch further facilitated the myogenesis in MM with increased α-SMA and decreased PPARγ protein expression and inhibited PPRE promoter activity. Adding a PPARγ agonist (TZD) to the MM stopped the myogenesis and restored the PPRE promoter activity, whereas a PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) significantly increased the myotube number and length. During the myogenesis induction, application of cyclic stretch rescued the inhibitory effects of TZD. These results provide novel perspectives for mechanical stretch to interplay and rescue the dysfunction of myogenesis with the involvement of PPARγ and its target drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ju Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chen Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Fong-Chin Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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98
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Powell DJ, Velleman SG, Cowieson AJ, Singh M, Muir WI. Influence of hatch time and access to feed on intramuscular adipose tissue deposition in broilers. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1449-56. [PMID: 26976909 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of hatch time and subsequent access to feed on intramuscular adipose tissue deposition was studied in the pectoralis major muscle of male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Based on their hatch time chicks were classified as early (EH), midterm (MH), or late (LH) hatchers, with an average incubation duration of 497.7 h for EH, 508.8 h for MH, and 514.5 h for LH birds. Chicks were provided access to feed either immediately at hatch, or 24 h after the conclusion of the hatch window. Expression of the adipogenic regulatory genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), were measured at the time of hatch, and zero, one, 4, 7, 28, and 40 d. Intramuscular adipocyte cell width and visualization of adipose tissue deposition was observed at 28 and 40 d. Expression of PPARγ was increased in the pectoralis major of LH birds at the time of hatch, zero, and one d. The expression of PPARγ at one and 7 d, and SCD at 7 d were increased in all birds that received delayed access to feed. At 28 d, adipocyte cell width was increased in LH birds with delayed access to feed, compared to EH and MH birds with delayed access to feed and LH birds with immediate access to feed. At 40 d, adipocyte cell width was increased in all birds that received delayed access to feed. Also at 40 d, there was a trend (P = 0.078) for more extensive intramuscular adipose tissue deposition in LH than EH birds, and in birds with delayed access to feed (P = 0.075). These data indicate delayed access to feed increases intramuscular adipose tissue deposition in the pectoralis major muscle, and suggest that hatch time influences this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Powell
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2750, Australia Poultry CRC, PO Box U242, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - S G Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691
| | - A J Cowieson
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - M Singh
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - W I Muir
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2750, Australia
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Lee ES, Kim SHL, Lee H, Hwang NS. Non-viral approaches for direct conversion into mesenchymal cell types: Potential application in tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 104:686-97. [PMID: 26729213 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acquiring adequate number of cells is one of the crucial factors to apply tissue engineering strategies in order to recover critical-sized defects. While the reprogramming technology used for inducing pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) opened up a direct path for generating pluripotent stem cells, a direct conversion strategy may provide another possibility to obtain desired cells for tissue engineering. In order to convert a somatic cell into any other cell type, diverse approaches have been investigated. Conspicuously, in contrast to traditional viral transduction method, non-viral delivery of conversion factors has the merit of lowering immune responses and provides safer genetic manipulation, thus revolutionizing the generation of directly converted cells and its application in therapeutics. In addition, applying various microenvironmental modulations have potential to ameliorate the conversion of somatic cells into different lineages. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in direct conversion technologies, specifically focusing on generating mesenchymal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun L Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwajin Lee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Frias FDT, de Mendonça M, Martins AR, Gindro AF, Cogliati B, Curi R, Rodrigues AC. MyomiRs as Markers of Insulin Resistance and Decreased Myogenesis in Skeletal Muscle of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:76. [PMID: 27445979 PMCID: PMC4921801 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) feeding causes insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle of mice, which affects skeletal muscle metabolism and function. The involvement of muscle-specific microRNAs in the evolution of skeletal muscle IR during 4, 8, and 12 weeks in HFD-induced obese mice was investigated. After 4 weeks in HFD, mice were obese, hyperglycemic, and hyperinsulinemic; however, their muscles were responsive to insulin stimuli. Expressions of MyomiRs (miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-206) measured in soleus muscles were not different from those found in control mice. After 8 weeks of HFD feeding, glucose uptake was lower in skeletal muscle from obese mice compared to control mice, and we observed a significant decrease in miR-1a in soleus muscle when compared to HFD for 4 weeks. miR-1a expression continued to decay within time. After 12 weeks of HFD, miR-133a expression was upregulated when compared to the control group. Expression of miR-1a was negatively correlated with glycemia and positively correlated with the constant rate of plasma glucose disappearance. Pioglitazone treatment could not reverse decreases of miR-1a levels induced by HFD. Targets of myomiRs involved in insulin-growth factor (IGF)-1 pathway, such as Igf-1, Irs-1, Rheb, and follistatin, were reduced after 12 weeks in HFD and Mtor increased, when compared to the control or HFD for 4 or 8 weeks. These findings suggest for the first time that miR-1 may be a marker of the development of IR in skeletal muscle. Evidence was also presented that impairment in myomiRs expression contributes to decreased myogenesis and skeletal muscle growth reported in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia de Toledo Frias
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Mendonça
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Roque Martins
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Gindro
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Cristina Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alice Cristina Rodrigues,
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