51
|
Melatonin-Induced Water Stress Tolerance in Plants: Recent Advances. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090809. [PMID: 32882822 PMCID: PMC7554692 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Water stress (drought and waterlogging) is severe abiotic stress to plant growth and development. Melatonin, a bioactive plant hormone, has been widely tested in drought situations in diverse plant species, while few studies on the role of melatonin in waterlogging stress conditions have been published. In the current review, we analyze the biostimulatory functions of melatonin on plants under both drought and waterlogging stresses. Melatonin controls the levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and positively changes the molecular defense to improve plant tolerance against water stress. Moreover, the crosstalk of melatonin and other phytohormones is a key element of plant survival under drought stress, while this relationship needs further investigation under waterlogging stress. In this review, we draw the complete story of water stress on both sides-drought and waterlogging-through discussing the previous critical studies under both conditions. Moreover, we suggest several research directions, especially for waterlogging, which remains a big and vague piece of the melatonin and water stress puzzle.
Collapse
|
52
|
Moustafa-Farag M, Mahmoud A, Arnao MB, Sheteiwy MS, Dafea M, Soltan M, Elkelish A, Hasanuzzaman M, Ai S. Melatonin-Induced Water Stress Tolerance in Plants: Recent Advances. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 32882822 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202008.0359.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Water stress (drought and waterlogging) is severe abiotic stress to plant growth and development. Melatonin, a bioactive plant hormone, has been widely tested in drought situations in diverse plant species, while few studies on the role of melatonin in waterlogging stress conditions have been published. In the current review, we analyze the biostimulatory functions of melatonin on plants under both drought and waterlogging stresses. Melatonin controls the levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and positively changes the molecular defense to improve plant tolerance against water stress. Moreover, the crosstalk of melatonin and other phytohormones is a key element of plant survival under drought stress, while this relationship needs further investigation under waterlogging stress. In this review, we draw the complete story of water stress on both sides-drought and waterlogging-through discussing the previous critical studies under both conditions. Moreover, we suggest several research directions, especially for waterlogging, which remains a big and vague piece of the melatonin and water stress puzzle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Moustafa-Farag
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 9 Gmaa St, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud
- Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 9 Gmaa St, Giza 12619, Egypt
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mohamed S Sheteiwy
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Dafea
- Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 9 Gmaa St, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Soltan
- Horticulture and Crop Science Department, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Columbus, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Vegetable Production under Modified Environment Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shaoying Ai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Hartman S, van Dongen N, Renneberg DM, Welschen-Evertman RA, Kociemba J, Sasidharan R, Voesenek LA. Ethylene Differentially Modulates Hypoxia Responses and Tolerance across Solanum Species. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9081022. [PMID: 32823611 PMCID: PMC7465973 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of floods hinders agricultural crop production and threatens global food security. The majority of vegetable crops are highly sensitive to flooding and it is unclear how these plants use flooding signals to acclimate to impending oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). Previous research has shown that the early flooding signal ethylene augments hypoxia responses and improves survival in Arabidopsis. To unravel how cultivated and wild Solanum species integrate ethylene signaling to control subsequent hypoxia acclimation, we studied the transcript levels of a selection of marker genes, whose upregulation is indicative of ethylene-mediated hypoxia acclimation in Arabidopsis. Our results suggest that ethylene-mediated hypoxia acclimation is conserved in both shoots and roots of the wild Solanum species bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara) and a waterlogging-tolerant potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar. However, ethylene did not enhance the transcriptional hypoxia response in roots of a waterlogging-sensitive potato cultivar, suggesting that waterlogging tolerance in potato could depend on ethylene-controlled hypoxia responses in the roots. Finally, we show that ethylene rarely enhances hypoxia-adaptive genes and does not improve hypoxia survival in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We conclude that analyzing genes indicative of ethylene-mediated hypoxia acclimation is a promising approach to identifying key signaling cascades that confer flooding tolerance in crops.
Collapse
|
54
|
Iturralde Elortegui MDRM, Berone GD, Striker GG, Martinefsky MJ, Monterubbianesi MG, Assuero SG. Anatomical, morphological and growth responses of Thinopyrum ponticum plants subjected to partial and complete submergence during early stages of development. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:757-768. [PMID: 32464086 DOI: 10.1071/fp19170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seedling recruitment and growth of forage grasses in flood-prone grasslands is often impaired by submergence. We evaluate the responses of Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. & Dewey to partial and complete submergence at two early stages of development. Two greenhouse experiments were carried out with plants at three expanded leaves (Experiment 1) or five expanded leaves stage (Experiment 2). In each case, three treatments were applied for 14 days: control (C), partial submergence (PS; water level to half plant height), and complete submergence (CS; water level to 1.5 times plant height). Submergence was followed by a recovery period of 14 days at well drained conditions. Assessments included plant survival, height, leaf blade and pseudostem length, soluble carbohydrates in pseudostem, and shoot and root dry mass accumulation at the beginning and end of the submergence, and at the end of the recovery period. Root aerenchyma formation was determined on day 14 in both experiments. Under PS all plants survived, and the impact of the stress was related to the plants' developmental stage. However, plants with five expanded leaves increased total plant biomass with respect to control by 48%, plants with three expanded leaves reduced it by the same percentage. This response could be related to a higher ability to form root aerenchyma (17 vs 10%), and an enhanced leaf de-submergence capacity due to promoted leaf blade and pseudostem lengthening. Complete submergence treatment compromised the survival of 70% of the individuals with three expanded leaves but did not affect the survival at the five expanded leaves stage. In any developmental stage (three or five expanded leaves) plants fail to promote enough elongation of leaf blades or pseudostems to emerge from the water, so that always remained below the water surface. Root aerenchyma was not increased by CS at either of these two plant developmental stages. The high amount and concentration of pseudostem total soluble carbohydrates of the larger (five expanded leaves) plants facilitated their recovery growth after submergence. Our results predict the successful introduction of this species in areas where water excesses can cause soil waterlogging or shallow-partial plant submergence, but suggest avoidance of areas prone to suffer high-intensity flooding that lead to full plant submergence as this would highly constrain plant recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Germán D Berone
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Balcarce, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Av. San Martín 4453, CPA 1417, DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina; and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - María J Martinefsky
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), AER Olavarría, Alsina 2642, B7400COJ Olavarría, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Monterubbianesi
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia G Assuero
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Di Bella CE, Kotula L, Striker GG, Colmer TD. Submergence tolerance and recovery in Lotus: Variation among fifteen accessions in response to partial and complete submergence. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 249:153180. [PMID: 32422486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several Lotus species are perennial forage legumes which tolerate waterlogging, but knowledge of responses to partial or complete shoot submergence is scant. We evaluated the responses of 15 Lotus accessions to partial and complete shoot submergence and variations in traits associated with tolerance and recovery after de-submergence. Accessions of Lotus tenuis, L. corniculatus, L. pedunculatus and L. japonicus were raised for 43 d and then subjected to aerated root zone (control), deoxygenated stagnant root zone with shoots in air (stagnant), stagnant root zone with partial (75 %) and complete submergence of shoots, for 7 d. The recovery ability from complete submergence was also assessed. We found inter- and intra-specific variations in the stem extension responses (i.e. promoted or restricted compared to controls) depending on water depth. Eight of 15 accessions promoted the stem extension when in partial submergence, while three of those eight (all L. tenuis accessions) had a restricted stem extension when under complete submergence. Two accessions (belonging to L. corniculatus and L. penduculatus species) also promoted the stem extension under complete submergence. The accessions that attained better recovery in terms of leaves produced after de-submergence, were those that had high leaf and root sugar concentration at de-submergence, and high thickness and persistence of gas films on leaves during submergence (all L. tenuis accessions). We conclude that all Lotus accessions were able to tolerate 7 d of partial and complete shoot submergence, despite adopting different stem extension responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla E Di Bella
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lukasz Kotula
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub on Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub on Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Bejarano MD, Sordo-Ward Á, Alonso C, Jansson R, Nilsson C. Hydropeaking affects germination and establishment of riverbank vegetation. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02076. [PMID: 31971649 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydropeaking, defined as frequent and rapid variation in flow in regulated rivers with hydropower plants over a short period of time, usually sub-daily to weekly, alters hydraulic parameters such as water levels or flow velocity and exerts strong impacts on fluvial ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of hydropeaking on riverbank vegetation, specifically assessing the germination and establishment of seedlings and cuttings of plant species representing a variation in traits. We used seeds and seedlings and cuttings varying in size as phytometers, and transplanted them to riverbanks both above and below dams used for hydropower production in northern Sweden, selected to represent a gradient in hydropeaking intensity, and along a free-flowing reach. We also analyzed sub-daily water-level variables modified by hydropeaking to identify variables key in explaining the observed vegetation patterns. We found that plant responses to hydropeaking varied with species, with flood-intolerant species being the most strongly affected, as early as the germination stage. In contrast, seeds of flood-tolerant species managed to germinate and survive the early establishment phase, although strong erosive processes triggered by hydropeaking eventually caused most of them to fail. The fate of flood-intolerant species identifies germination as the most critical life-history stage. The depth and frequency of the inundation were the leading variables explaining plant responses, while the duration of shallow inundation explained little of the variation. The rise and fall rates of water levels were key in explaining variation in germination success. Based on the results, we propose restoration measures to enhance establishment of riparian plant communities while minimizing the impact on hydropower electricity production. Given the strong decrease in the germination of species intolerant to prolonged flooding with hydropeaking, planting of seedlings, preferably of large sizes, together with restrictions in the operation of the power plant during the establishment phase to enhance survival would be the best restoration option. Given the high probability of plant uprooting with hydropeaking, bank protection measures have the potential to increase riparian plant survival of all species, including flooding-tolerant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María D Bejarano
- Department of Natural Systems and Resources, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Álvaro Sordo-Ward
- Department of Civil Engineering: Hydraulic, Energy and Environment, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso
- Department of Natural Systems and Resources, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Roland Jansson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Christer Nilsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Nguyen HM, Kim M, Ralph PJ, Marín-Guirao L, Pernice M, Procaccini G. Stress Memory in Seagrasses: First Insight Into the Effects of Thermal Priming and the Role of Epigenetic Modifications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:494. [PMID: 32411166 PMCID: PMC7199800 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
While thermal priming and the relative role of epigenetic modifications have been widely studied in terrestrial plants, their roles remain unexplored in seagrasses so far. Here, we experimentally compared the ability of two different functional types of seagrass species, dominant in the Southern hemisphere, climax species Posidonia australis and pioneer species Zostera muelleri, to acquire thermal-stress memory to better survive successive stressful thermal events. To this end, a two-heatwave experimental design was conducted in a mesocosm setup. Findings across levels of biological organization including the molecular (gene expression), physiological (photosynthetic performances and pigments content) and organismal (growth) levels provided the first evidence of thermal priming in seagrasses. Non-preheated plants suffered a significant reduction in photosynthetic capacity, leaf growth and chlorophyll a content, while preheated plants were able to cope better with the recurrent stressful event. Gene expression results demonstrated significant regulation of methylation-related genes in response to thermal stress, suggesting that epigenetic modifications could play a central role in seagrass thermal stress memory. In addition, we revealed some interspecific differences in thermal responses between the two different functional types of seagrass species. These results provide the first insights into thermal priming and relative epigenetic modifications in seagrasses paving the way for more comprehensive forecasting and management of thermal stress in these marine foundation species in an era of rapid environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Kim
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Murcia, Spain
| | - Peter J. Ralph
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lázaro Marín-Guirao
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Murcia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Karunarathne P, Feduzka C, Diego H. Ecological setup, ploidy diversity, and reproductive biology of Paspalum modestum, a promising wetland forage grass from South America. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190101. [PMID: 32110794 PMCID: PMC7198000 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
With ever-rising demand for food, forage breeding for intensification of cattle
production is also taking a leap. In South America, cattle production systems
are displaced to marginal areas poorly exploited with cultivated pastures yet
with high potential for growing stocking rates. This places the need for using
native genetic resources to breed locally adapted plant genotypes that benefits
from better forage quality, yield, and lesser threat to the local biodiversity.
Paspalum modestum Mez is a grass species that produces
quality forage and grows in marginal areas like estuaries and floodplains,
suitable for introduction in breeding programs. In this study we characterize
the species' reproductive biology and ecological preferences needed beforehand
any improvement. P. modestum plants found in nature are
commonly diploids, rarely triploids, and tetraploids. Chromosome associations
during meiosis in polyploids indicate they are autopolyploids. While diploids
are sexual self-sterile, analyses of embryology, gamete fertility and
experimental crossings show tetraploids are self-compatible facultative
apomicts, highly fertile and have a high proportion of sexuality compared to
other apomictic species. Ecological niche analysis and species distribution
modelling show mean annual temperature and precipitation as main ecological
drivers and a wide geographical area of climatic suitability where P.
modestum can grow and be exploited as a forage grass. Our study
points to P. modestum as a native plant resource appropriate
for breeding waterlogging tolerant ecotypes and genotypes of high biomass
production adapted to low flow areas in the Subtropics of Brazil, Paraguay,
Uruguay and Argentina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyal Karunarathne
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), Goettingen, Germany.,University of Goettingen, Georg-August University School of Science, Germany
| | - Cristian Feduzka
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FCA-UNNE), Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Hojsgaard Diego
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Yemelyanov VV, Lastochkin VV, Chirkova TV, Lindberg SM, Shishova MF. Indoleacetic Acid Levels in Wheat and Rice Seedlings under Oxygen Deficiency and Subsequent Reoxygenation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E276. [PMID: 32054127 PMCID: PMC7072260 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of oxygen and post-anoxic reactions cause significant alterations of plant growth and metabolism. Plant hormones are active participants in these alterations. This study focuses on auxin-a phytohormone with a wide spectrum of effects on plant growth and stress tolerance. The indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in plants was measured by ELISA. The obtained data revealed anoxia-induced accumulation of IAA in wheat and rice seedlings related to their tolerance of oxygen deprivation. The highest IAA accumulation was detected in rice roots. Subsequent reoxygenation was accompanied with a fast auxin reduction to the control level. A major difference was reported for shoots: wheat seedlings contained less than one-third of normoxic level of auxin during post-anoxia, while IAA level in rice seedlings rapidly recovered to normoxic level. It is likely that the mechanisms of auxin dynamics resulted from oxygen-induced shift in auxin degradation and transport. Exogenous IAA treatment enhanced plant survival under anoxia by decreased electrolyte leakage, production of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation. The positive effect of external IAA application coincided with improvement of tolerance to oxygen deprivation in the 35S:iaaM × 35S:iaaH lines of transgene tobacco due to its IAA overproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav V. Yemelyanov
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em., 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em., 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor V. Lastochkin
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em., 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tamara V. Chirkova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em., 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sylvia M. Lindberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria F. Shishova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em., 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Rauf M, Awais M, Ud-Din A, Ali K, Gul H, Rahman MM, Hamayun M, Arif M. Molecular Mechanisms of the 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid (ACC) Deaminase Producing Trichoderma asperellum MAP1 in Enhancing Wheat Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:614971. [PMID: 33537050 PMCID: PMC7847992 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.614971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging stress (WS) induces ethylene (ET) and polyamine (spermine, putrescine, and spermidine) production in plants, but their reprogramming is a decisive element for determining the fate of the plant upon waterlogging-induced stress. WS can be challenged by exploring symbiotic microbes that improve the plant's ability to grow better and resist WS. The present study deals with identification and application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing fungal endophyte Trichoderma asperellum (strain MAP1), isolated from the roots of Canna indica L., on wheat growth under WS. MAP1 positively affected wheat growth by secreting phytohormones/secondary metabolites, strengthening the plant's antioxidant system and influencing the physiology through polyamine production and modulating gene expression. MAP1 inoculation promoted yield in comparison to non-endophyte inoculated waterlogged seedlings. Exogenously applied ethephon (ET synthesis inducer) and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC; ET precursor) showed a reduction in growth, compared to MAP1-inoculated waterlogged seedlings, while amino-oxyacetic acid (AOA; ET inhibitor) application reversed the negative effect imposed by ET and ACC, upon waterlogging treatment. A significant reduction in plant growth rate, chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance was noticed, while H2O2, MDA production, and electrolyte leakage were increased in non-inoculated waterlogged seedlings. Moreover, in comparison to non-inoculated waterlogged wheat seedlings, MAP1-inoculated waterlogged wheat exhibited antioxidant-enzyme activities. In agreement with the physiological results, genes associated with the free polyamine (PA) biosynthesis were highly induced and PA content was abundant in MAP1-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, ET biosynthesis/signaling gene expression was reduced upon MAP1 inoculation under WS. Briefly, MAP1 mitigated the adverse effect of WS in wheat, by reprogramming the PAs and ET biosynthesis, which leads to optimal stomatal conductance, increased photosynthesis, and membrane stability as well as reduced ET-induced leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Rauf
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Aziz Ud-Din
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Kazim Ali
- National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Gul
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Arif,
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wang J, Sun H, Sheng J, Jin S, Zhou F, Hu Z, Diao Y. Transcriptome, physiological and biochemical analysis of Triarrhena sacchariflora in response to flooding stress. BMC Genet 2019; 20:88. [PMID: 31783726 PMCID: PMC6884903 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent decades, the frequency of flooding is increasing with the change of global climate. Flooding has become one of the major abiotic stresses that seriously affect growth and development of plants. Triarrhena sacchariflora Nakai has been considered a promising energy crop for utilization in ethanol production. Flooding stress is among the most severe abiotic stressors in the production of Nakai. However, the physiological and molecular biological mechanisms of Nakai response to flooding is still unclear. In the present study, in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of Nakai in response to flooding stress, the transcriptome, physiological and biochemical were investigated. Results The results demonstrated that significant physiological changes were observed in photosynthetic system, antioxidative enzyme activity, chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, lipid peroxidation and soluble sugar content under normal and flooding treatments. Such as, the chlorophyll, carotenoid contents and photosynthetic system were significantly decreased. Whereas, the antioxidative enzyme activity, proline, lipid peroxidation and soluble sugar has increased first and then decreased under treatments compared with the normal plants. Additionally, a total of 8832, 6608 and 3649 unigenes were validated to be differentially expressed under different treatments, respectively. Besides, gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of the different expression levels of genes also presented processes, which involved in photosynthesis, sucrose catabolism, glycolysis, stress response and defense, phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction. Conclusions The results provide a comprehensive view of the complex molecular events involved in the response to flooding stress of Nakai leaves, which also will promote the research in the development of flood-resistant crops and provide new tools for Nakai breeders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Lotus Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Lotus Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Lotus Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Surong Jin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fasong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Lotus Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Lotus Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Diao
- College of Forestry and Life Sciences, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Hartman K, Tringe SG. Interactions between plants and soil shaping the root microbiome under abiotic stress. Biochem J 2019; 476:2705-2724. [PMID: 31654057 PMCID: PMC6792034 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants growing in soil develop close associations with soil microorganisms, which inhabit the areas around, on, and inside their roots. These microbial communities and their associated genes - collectively termed the root microbiome - are diverse and have been shown to play an important role in conferring abiotic stress tolerance to their plant hosts. In light of growing concerns over the threat of water and nutrient stress facing terrestrial ecosystems, especially those used for agricultural production, increased emphasis has been placed on understanding how abiotic stress conditions influence the composition and functioning of the root microbiome and the ultimate consequences for plant health. However, the composition of the root microbiome under abiotic stress conditions will not only reflect shifts in the greater bulk soil microbial community from which plants recruit their root microbiome but also plant responses to abiotic stress, which include changes in root exudate profiles and morphology. Exploring the relative contributions of these direct and plant-mediated effects on the root microbiome has been the focus of many studies in recent years. Here, we review the impacts of abiotic stress affecting terrestrial ecosystems, specifically flooding, drought, and changes in nitrogen and phosphorus availability, on bulk soil microbial communities and plants that interact to ultimately shape the root microbiome. We conclude with a perspective outlining possible directions for future research needed to advance our understanding of the complex molecular and biochemical interactions between soil, plants, and microbes that ultimately determine the composition of the root microbiome under abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Hartman
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, U.S.A
| | - Susannah G. Tringe
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, U.S.A
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Ethylene-mediated nitric oxide depletion pre-adapts plants to hypoxia stress. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4020. [PMID: 31488841 PMCID: PMC6728379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Timely perception of adverse environmental changes is critical for survival. Dynamic changes in gases are important cues for plants to sense environmental perturbations, such as submergence. In Arabidopsis thaliana, changes in oxygen and nitric oxide (NO) control the stability of ERFVII transcription factors. ERFVII proteolysis is regulated by the N-degron pathway and mediates adaptation to flooding-induced hypoxia. However, how plants detect and transduce early submergence signals remains elusive. Here we show that plants can rapidly detect submergence through passive ethylene entrapment and use this signal to pre-adapt to impending hypoxia. Ethylene can enhance ERFVII stability prior to hypoxia by increasing the NO-scavenger PHYTOGLOBIN1. This ethylene-mediated NO depletion and consequent ERFVII accumulation pre-adapts plants to survive subsequent hypoxia. Our results reveal the biological link between three gaseous signals for the regulation of flooding survival and identifies key regulatory targets for early stress perception that could be pivotal for developing flood-tolerant crops.
Collapse
|
64
|
Armstrong W, Beckett PM, Colmer TD, Setter TL, Greenway H. Tolerance of roots to low oxygen: 'Anoxic' cores, the phytoglobin-nitric oxide cycle, and energy or oxygen sensing. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 239:92-108. [PMID: 31255944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation by plants to hypoxia and anoxia is of importance in various ecological systems, and especially for roots in waterlogged soil. We present evidence for acclimation by roots via 'anoxic' cores rather than being triggered by O2 sensors. The evidence for 'anoxic' cores comes from radial O2 profiles across maize roots and associated metabolic changes such as increases in the 'anaerobic enzymes' ADH and PDC in the 'anoxic' core, and inhibition of Cl- transport to the xylem. These cores are predicted to develop within 15-20 min after sudden transfer of a root to hypoxia, so that the cores are 'anoxically-shocked'. We suggest that 'anoxic' cores could emanate a signal(s), such as ACC the precursor of ethylene and/or propagation of a 'Ca2+ wave', to other tissue zones. There, the signalling would result in acclimation of the tissues to energy crisis metabolism. An O2 diffusion model for tissues with an 'anoxic' core, indicates that the phytoglobin-nitric oxide (Pgb-NO) cycle would only be engaged in a thin 'shell' (annulus) of tissue surrounding the 'anoxic' core, and so would only contribute small amounts of ATP on a whole organ basis (e.g. whole roots). A key feature within this annulus of tissue, where O2 is likely to be limiting, is that the ratio (ATP formed) / (O2 consumed) is 5-6, both when the NAD(P)H of glycolysis is converted to NAD(P)+ by the Pgb-NO cycle or by the TCA cycle linked to the electron transport chain. The main function of the Pgb-NO cycle may be the modulating of NO levels and O2 scavenging, thus preventing oxidative damage. We speculate that an 'anoxic' core in hypoxic plant organs may have a particularly high tolerance to anoxia because cells might receive a prolonged supply of carbohydrates and/or ATP from the regions still receiving sufficient O2 for oxidative phosphorylation. Severely hypoxic or 'anoxic' cores are well documented, but much research on responses of roots to hypoxia is still based on bulk tissue analyses. More research is needed on the interaction between 'anoxic' cores and tissues still receiving sufficient O2 for oxidative phosphorylation, both during a hypoxic exposure and during subsequent anoxia of the tissue/organ as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Armstrong
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Timothy D Colmer
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Timothy L Setter
- Agricultural and Environmental Consultant, P.O. Box 305, Bull Creek, 6149, WA, Australia
| | - Hank Greenway
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Paul K, Pauk J, Kondic-Spika A, Grausgruber H, Allahverdiyev T, Sass L, Vass I. Co-occurrence of Mild Salinity and Drought Synergistically Enhances Biomass and Grain Retardation in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:501. [PMID: 31114595 PMCID: PMC6503295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we analyzed the responses of wheat to mild salinity and drought with special emphasis on the so far unclarified interaction of these important stress factors by using high-throughput phenotyping approaches. Measurements were performed on 14 genotypes of different geographic origin (Austria, Azerbaijan, and Serbia). The data obtained by non-invasive digital RGB imaging of leaf/shoot area reflect well the differences in total biomass measured at the end of the cultivation period demonstrating that leaf/shoot imaging can be reliably used to predict biomass differences among different cultivars and stress conditions. On the other hand, the leaf/shoot area has only a limited potential to predict grain yield. Comparison of gas exchange parameters with biomass accumulation showed that suppression of CO2 fixation due to stomatal closure is the principal cause behind decreased biomass accumulation under drought, salt and drought plus salt stresses. Correlation between grain yield and dry biomass is tighter when salt- and drought stress occur simultaneously than in the well-watered control, or in the presence of only salinity or drought, showing that natural variation of biomass partitioning to grains is suppressed by severe stress conditions. Comparison of yield data show that higher biomass and grain yield can be expected under salt (and salt plus drought) stress from those cultivars which have high yield parameters when exposed to drought stress alone. However, relative yield tolerance under drought stress is not a good indicator of yield tolerance under salt (and salt plus drought) drought stress. Harvest index of the studied cultivars ranged between 0.38 and 0.57 under well watered conditions and decreased only to a small extent (0.37-0.55) even when total biomass was decreased by 90% under the combined salt plus drought stress. It is concluded that the co-occurrence of mild salinity and drought can induce large biomass and grain yield losses in wheat due to synergistic interaction of these important stress factors. We could also identify wheat cultivars, which show high yield parameters under the combined effects of salinity and drought demonstrating the potential of complex plant phenotyping in breeding for drought and salinity stress tolerance in crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Paul
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Pauk
- Department of Biotechnology, Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Heinrich Grausgruber
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tofig Allahverdiyev
- Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - László Sass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Pavlović I, Mlinarić S, Tarkowská D, Oklestkova J, Novák O, Lepeduš H, Bok VV, Brkanac SR, Strnad M, Salopek-Sondi B. Early Brassica Crops Responses to Salinity Stress: A Comparative Analysis Between Chinese Cabbage, White Cabbage, and Kale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:450. [PMID: 31031786 PMCID: PMC6470637 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is severely affecting crop productivity in many countries, particularly in the Mediterranean area. To evaluate early plant responses to increased salinity and characterize tolerance markers, three important Brassica crops - Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis), white cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata) and kale (B. oleracea var. acephala) were subjected to short-term (24 h) salt stress by exposing them to NaCl at concentrations of 50, 100, or 200 mM. Physiological (root growth, photosynthetic performance parameters, and Na+/K+ ratio) and biochemical parameters (proline content and lipid peroxidation as indicated by malondialdehyde, MDA, levels) in the plants' roots and leaves were then measured. Photosynthetic parameters such as the total performance index PItotal (describing the overall efficiency of PSI, PSII and the intersystem electron transport chain) appeared to be the most salinity-sensitive parameter and informative stress marker. This parameter was decreased more strongly in Chinese cabbage than in white cabbage and kale. It indicated that salinity reduced the capacity of the photosynthetic system for efficient energy conversion, particularly in Chinese cabbage. In parallel with the photosynthetic impairments, the Na+/K+ ratio was highest in Chinese cabbage leaves and lowest in kale leaves while kale root is able to keep high Na+/K+ ratio without a significant increase in MDA. Thus Na+/K+ ratio, high in root and low in leaves accompanying with low MDA level is an informative marker of salinity tolerance. The crops' tolerance was positively correlated with levels of the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and negatively correlated with levels of jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile). Furthermore, salinity induced contrasting changes in levels of the growth-promoting hormones brassinosteroids (BRs). The crop's tolerance was positively correlated with levels of BR precursor typhasterol while negatively with the active BR brassinolide. Principal Component Analysis revealed correlations in observed changes in phytohormones, biochemical, and physiological parameters. Overall, the results show that kale is the most tolerant of the three species and Chinese cabbage the most sensitive to salt stress, and provide holistic indications of the spectrum of tolerance mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Pavlović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Selma Mlinarić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Hrvoje Lepeduš
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Valerija Vujčić Bok
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Radić Brkanac
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Tan X, Zwiazek JJ. Stable expression of aquaporins and hypoxia-responsive genes in adventitious roots are linked to maintaining hydraulic conductance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) exposed to root hypoxia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212059. [PMID: 30730995 PMCID: PMC6366753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of adventitious roots in plants is a common response to hypoxia caused by flooding. In tobacco, after one week of root hypoxia treatment, plants produced twice as many adventitious roots as the aerated plants, but their maximum length was reduced. Hypoxia severely reduced net photosynthesis, transpiration rates, and photosynthetic light responses. Relative transcript abundance of the examined aquaporins in lateral roots was reduced by hypoxia, but in adventitious roots it remained unchanged. This apparent lack of an effect of root hypoxia on the aquaporin expression likely contributed to maintenance of high hydraulic conductance in adventitious roots. Lateral roots had lower porosity compared with adventitious roots and the expression of the ACS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) gene was induced in hypoxic lateral roots, but not in adventitious roots, providing additional evidence that lateral roots were more affected by hypoxia compared with adventitious roots. ATP concentrations were markedly lower in both hypoxic lateral and adventitious roots compared with aerated roots, while the expression of fermentation-related genes, ADH1 (alcohol dehydrogenase 1) and PDC1 (pyruvate decarboxylase 1), was higher in lateral roots compared with adventitious roots. Since root porosity was greater in adventitious compared with lateral roots, the results suggest that the improved O2 delivery and stable root aquaporin expression in adventitious roots were likely the key factors helping flooded tobacco plants maintain high rates of root hydraulic conductance and, consequently, shoot gas exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Tan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janusz J. Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Gill MB, Zeng F, Shabala L, Zhang G, Yu M, Demidchik V, Shabala S, Zhou M. Identification of QTL Related to ROS Formation under Hypoxia and Their Association with Waterlogging and Salt Tolerance in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E699. [PMID: 30736310 PMCID: PMC6387252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterlogging is a serious environmental problem that limits agricultural production in low-lying rainfed areas around the world. The major constraint that plants face in a waterlogging situation is the reduced oxygen availability. Accordingly, all previous efforts of plant breeders focused on traits providing adequate supply of oxygen to roots under waterlogging conditions, such as enhanced aerenchyma formation or reduced radial oxygen loss. However, reduced oxygen concentration in waterlogged soils also leads to oxygen deficiency in plant tissues, resulting in an excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. To the best of our knowledge, this trait has never been targeted in breeding programs and thus represents an untapped resource for improving plant performance in waterlogged soils. To identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ROS tolerance in barley, 187 double haploid (DH) lines from a cross between TX9425 and Naso Nijo were screened for superoxide anion (O₂•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-two major ROS species accumulated under hypoxia stress. We show that quantifying ROS content after 48 h hypoxia could be a fast and reliable approach for the selection of waterlogging tolerant barley genotypes. The same QTL on chromosome 2H was identified for both O₂•- (QSO.TxNn.2H) and H₂O₂ (QHP.TxNn.2H) contents. This QTL was located at the same position as the QTL for the overall waterlogging and salt tolerance reported in previous studies, explaining 23% and 24% of the phenotypic variation for O₂•- and H₂O2 contents, respectively. The analysis showed a causal association between ROS production and both waterlogging and salt stress tolerance. Waterlogging and salinity are two major abiotic factors affecting crop production around the globe and frequently occur together. The markers associated with this QTL could potentially be used in future breeding programs to improve waterlogging and salinity tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Gill
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7005, Australia.
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7005, Australia.
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Min Yu
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Vadim Demidchik
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
- Department of Plant Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, 222030 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7005, Australia.
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7005, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Analysis of the distribution of assimilation products and the characteristics of transcriptomes in rice by submergence during the ripening stage. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:18. [PMID: 30621581 PMCID: PMC6323827 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on the submergence stress of rice has concentrated on the quiescence strategy to survive in long-term flooding conditions based on Submergence-1A (SUB1A). In the case of the ripening period, it is important that submergence stress can affect the quality as well as the survival of rice. Therefore, it is essential to understand the changes in the distribution of assimilation products in grain and ripening characteristics in submergence stress conditions. However, such studies have been insufficient at the physiological and molecular biological levels. Results We confirmed that the distribution rate of assimilation products in grain was decreased by submergence treatment. These results were caused by an increase in the distribution rate of assimilation products to the stem according to escape strategy. To understand this phenomenon at the molecular level, we analyzed the relative expression levels of genes related to sucrose metabolism, and found that the sucrose phosphate synthase gene (OsSPS), which induces the accumulation of sucrose in tissues, was decreased in the seeds and leaves, but not in the stems. Furthermore, the sucrose transporter gene (OsSUT) related to sucrose transport decreased in the seeds and leaves, but increased in stems. We also analyzed the biological metabolic processes related to starch and sucrose synthesis, carbon fixation, and glycolysis using the KEGG mapper with selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in seeds, stems, and leaves caused by submergence treatment. We found that the expression of genes for each step related to starch and D-glucose synthesis was down-regulated in the seeds and leaves but up-regulated in the stem. Conclusion The results of this study provide basic data for the development of varieties and corresponding technologies adapted to submergence conditions, through understanding the action network of the elements that change in the submergence condition, as well as information regarding useful DEGs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5320-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
70
|
Striker GG, Kotula L, Colmer TD. Tolerance to partial and complete submergence in the forage legume Melilotus siculus: an evaluation of 15 accessions for petiole hyponastic response and gas-filled spaces, leaf hydrophobicity and gas films, and root phellem. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:169-180. [PMID: 30124766 PMCID: PMC6344098 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Submergence is a severe stress for most plants. Melilotus siculus is a waterlogging- (i.e. root zone hypoxia) tolerant annual forage legume, but data were lacking for the effects of partial and full submergence of the shoots. The aim was to compare the tolerance to partial and full submergence of 15 M. siculus accessions and to assess variation in traits possibly contributing to tolerance. Recovery ability post-submergence was also evaluated. Methods A factorial experiment imposed treatments of water level [aerated root zone with shoots in air as controls, stagnant root zone with shoots in air, stagnant root zone with partial (75 %) or full shoot submergence] on 15 accessions, for 7 d on 4-week-old plants in a 20/15 °C day/night phytotron. Measurements included: shoot and root growth, hyponastic petiole responses, petiole gas-filled spaces, leaflet sugars, leaflet surface hydrophobicity, leaflet gas film thickness and phellem area near the base of the main root. Recovery following full submergence was also assessed. Key Results Accessions differed in shoot and root growth during partial and full shoot submergence. Traits differing among accessions and associated with tolerance were leaflet gas film thickness upon submergence, gas-filled spaces in petioles and phellem tissue area near the base of the main root. All accessions were able to re-orientate petioles towards the vertical under both partial and full submergence. Petiole extension rates were maintained during partial submergence, but decreased during full submergence. Leaflet sugars accumulated during partial submergence, but were depleted during full submergence. Growth resumption after full submergence differed among accessions and was positively correlated with the number of green leaves retained at desubmergence. Conclusions Melilotus siculus is able to tolerate partial and full submergence of at least 7 d. Leaflet surface hydrophobicity and associated gas film retention, petiole gas-filled porosity and root phellem abundance are important traits contributing to tolerance. Post-submergence recovery growth differs among accessions. The ability to retain green leaves is essential to succeed during recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kotula
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub on Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub on Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Eysholdt‐Derzsó E, Sauter M. Hypoxia and the group VII ethylene response transcription factor HRE2 promote adventitious root elongation in Arabidopsis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21 Suppl 1:103-108. [PMID: 29996004 PMCID: PMC6585952 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil water-logging and flooding are common environmental stress conditions that can impair plant fitness. Roots are the first organs to be confronted with reduced oxygen tension as a result of flooding. While anatomical and morphological adaptations of roots are extensively studied, the root system architecture is only now becoming a focus of flooding research. Adventitious root (AR) formation shifts the root system higher up the plant, thereby facilitating supply with oxygen, and thus improving root and plant survival. We used Arabidopsis knockout mutants and overexpressors of ERFVII transcription factors to study their role in AR formation under hypoxic conditions and in response to ethylene. Results show that ethylene inhibits AR formation. Hypoxia mainly promotes AR elongation rather than formation mediated by ERFVII transcription factors, as indicated by reduced AR elongation in erfVII seedlings. Overexpression of HRE2 induces AR elongation to the same degree as hypoxia, while ethylene overrides HRE2-induced AR elongation. The ERFVII transcription factors promote establishment of an AR system that is under negative control by ethylene. Inhibition of growth of the main root system and promotion of AR elongation under hypoxia strengthens the root system in upper soil layers where oxygen shortage may last for shorter time periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Eysholdt‐Derzsó
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant PhysiologyUniversity of KielKielGermany
| | - M. Sauter
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant PhysiologyUniversity of KielKielGermany
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Rubio-Cabetas MJ, Pons C, Bielsa B, Amador ML, Marti C, Granell A. Preformed and induced mechanisms underlies the differential responses of Prunus rootstock to hypoxia. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:134-149. [PMID: 29913428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the transcriptomic changes produced in response to hypoxia in root tissues from two rootstock Prunus genotypes differing in their sensitivity to waterlogging: resistant Myrobalan 'P.2175' (P. cerasifera Erhr.), and sensitive 'Felinem' hybrid [P. amygdalus Batsch × P. persica (L.) Batsch] revealed alterations in both metabolism and regulatory processes. Early hypoxia response in both genotypes is characterized by a molecular program aimed to adapt the cell metabolism to the new conditions. Upon hypoxia conditions, tolerant Myrobalan represses first secondary metabolism gene expression as a strategy to prevent the waste of resources/energy, and by the up-regulation of protein degradation genes probably leading to structural adaptations to long-term response to hypoxia. In response to the same conditions, sensitive 'Felinem' up-regulates a core of signal transduction and transcription factor genes. A combination of PLS-DA and qRT-PCR approaches revealed a set of transcription factors and signalling molecules as differentially regulated in the sensitive and tolerant genotypes including the peach orthologs for oxygen sensors. Apart from providing insights into the molecular processes underlying the differential response to waterlogging of two Prunus rootstocks, our approach reveals a set of candidate genes to be used expression biomarkers for biotech or breeding approaches to waterlogging tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María J Rubio-Cabetas
- Hortofruticulture Department, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Av. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Clara Pons
- Department of Fruit Quality and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bielsa
- Hortofruticulture Department, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Av. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María L Amador
- Hortofruticulture Department, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Av. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Marti
- Department of Fruit Quality and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Department of Fruit Quality and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Sundgren TK, Uhlen AK, Lillemo M, Briese C, Wojciechowski T. Rapid seedling establishment and a narrow root stele promotes waterlogging tolerance in spring wheat. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 227:45-55. [PMID: 29735176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Improving the waterlogging tolerance of wheat varieties could alleviate yield constraints caused by excessive rain and poor soil drainage. In this study, we investigated root and shoot growth as well as anatomical traits of six spring wheat genotypes with contrasting waterlogging tolerance properties. Our aim was to identify root traits that differentiate tolerant from sensitive genotypes. Two experiments were conducted using rhizoboxes and photography for data acquisition. In experiment one, root growth of the genotypes was studied during seedling establishment and a subsequent waterlogging treatment, starting at the 3-leaf stage and maintained for seven days. In the second experiment, root and shoot growth of previously waterlogged plants was compared between the genotypes during seven days of recovery. At harvest of experiment two, root segments were sampled to investigate genotype differences of root cross sectional area, root cortex area, stele area and percentage of aerenchyma. The results show that tolerant, in contrast to sensitive genotypes, developed seminal roots faster in the seedling establishment phase and more nodal roots during the waterlogging treatment. NK93602 and Bjarne were the best performing genotypes. Bjarne in particular had a narrower relative stele size of nodal (13.4%) and seminal roots (11.7%) compared to other genotypes (e.g. 16.3% in nodal roots and 13.9% in seminal roots of sensitive Quarna). The results from this study suggests that early vigor is an important trait for waterlogging tolerance in the field. Anatomical root traits, such as a narrow stele and aerenchyma may contribute to improving waterlogging tolerance furthermore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tove Kristina Sundgren
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Anne Kjersti Uhlen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Lillemo
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christoph Briese
- IBG-2 (Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Wojciechowski
- IBG-2 (Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Ali S, Kim WC. Plant Growth Promotion Under Water: Decrease of Waterlogging-Induced ACC and Ethylene Levels by ACC Deaminase-Producing Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1096. [PMID: 29887854 PMCID: PMC5981179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some plant growth-promoting bacteria encode for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which facilitates plant growth and development by lowering the level of stress ethylene under waterlogged conditions. The substrate ACC is the immediate precursor for ethylene synthesis in plants; while bacterial ACC deaminase hydrolyzes this compound into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia to mitigate the adverse effects of the stress caused by ethylene exposure. Here, the structure and function of ACC deaminase, ethylene biosynthesis and waterlogging response, waterlogging and its consequences, role of bacterial ACC deaminase under waterlogged conditions, and effect of this enzyme on terrestrial and riparian plants are discussed.
Collapse
|
75
|
Yan K, Zhao S, Cui M, Han G, Wen P. Vulnerability of photosynthesis and photosystem I in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) exposed to waterlogging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 125:239-246. [PMID: 29477087 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is an important energy crop for utilizing coastal marginal land. This study was to investigate waterlogging tolerance of Jerusalem artichoke through photosynthetic diagnose with emphasis on photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) performance. Potted plants were subjected to severe (liquid level 5 cm above vermiculite surface) and moderate (liquid level 5 cm below vermiculite surface) waterlogging for 9 days. Large decreased photosynthetic rate suggested photosynthesis vulnerability upon waterlogging. After 7 days of severe waterlogging, PSII and PSI photoinhibition arose, indicated by significant decrease in the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (△MR/MR0), and PSI seemed more vulnerable because of greater decrease in △MR/MR0 than Fv/Fm. In line with decreased △MR/MR0 and unchanged Fv/Fm after 9 days of moderate waterlogging, the amount of PSI reaction center protein rather than PSII reaction center protein was lowered, confirming greater PSI vulnerability. According to positive correlation between △MR/MR0 and efficiency that an electron moves beyond primary quinone and negative correlation between △MR/MR0 and PSII excitation pressure, PSI inactivation elevated PSII excitation pressure by depressing electron transport at PSII acceptor side. Thus, PSI vulnerability induced PSII photoinhibition and endangered the stability of whole photosynthetic apparatus under waterlogging. In agreement with photosystems photoinhibition, elevated H2O2 concentration and lipid peroxidation in the leaves corroborated waterlogging-induced oxidative stress. In conclusion, Jerusalem artichoke is a waterlogging sensitive species in terms of photosynthesis and PSI vulnerability. Consistently, tuber yield was tremendously reduced by waterlogging, confirming waterlogging sensitivity of Jerusalem artichoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
| | - Shijie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Mingxing Cui
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guangxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
| | - Pei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Konnerup D, Toro G, Pedersen O, Colmer TD. Waterlogging tolerance, tissue nitrogen and oxygen transport in the forage legume Melilotus siculus: a comparison of nodulated and nitrate-fed plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:699-709. [PMID: 29351575 PMCID: PMC5853006 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Soil waterlogging adversely impacts most plants. Melilotus siculus is a waterlogging-tolerant annual forage legume, but data were lacking for the effects of root-zone hypoxia on nodulated plants reliant on N2 fixation. The aim was to compare the waterlogging tolerance and physiology of M. siculus reliant on N2 fixation or with access to NO3-. Methods A factorial experiment imposed treatments of water level (drained or waterlogged), rhizobia (nil or inoculated) and mineral N supply (nil or 11 mm NO3-) for 21 d on plants in pots of vermiculite in a glasshouse. Nodulation, shoot and root growth and tissue N were determined. Porosity (gas volume per unit tissue volume) and respiration rates of root tissues and nodules, and O2 microelectrode profiling across nodules, were measured in a second experiment. Key Results Plants inoculated with the appropriate rhizobia, Ensifer (syn. Sinorhizobium) medicae, formed nodules. Nodulated plants grew as well as plants fed NO3-, both in drained and waterlogged conditions. The growth and total N content of nodulated plants (without any NO3- supplied) indicated N2 fixation. Respiration rates (mass basis) were highest in nodules and root tips and lowest in basal root tissues. Secondary aerenchyma (phellem) formed along basal root parts and a thin layer of this porous tissue also covered nodules, which together enhanced gas-phase diffusion of O2 to the nodules; O2 was below detection within the infected zone of the nodule interior. Conclusions Melilotus siculus reliant on N2 fixation grew well both in drained and waterlogged conditions, and had similar tissue N concentrations. In waterlogged conditions the relatively high respiration rates of nodules must rely on O2 movement via the aerenchymatous phellem in hypocotyl, roots and the outer tissue layers of nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Konnerup
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Guillermo Toro
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo, Chile
| | - Ole Pedersen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy David Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Wang F, Chen ZH, Shabala S. Hypoxia Sensing in Plants: On a Quest for Ion Channels as Putative Oxygen Sensors. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1126-1142. [PMID: 28838128 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Over 17 million km2 of land is affected by soil flooding every year, resulting in substantial yield losses and jeopardizing food security across the globe. A key step in resolving this problem and creating stress-tolerant cultivars is an understanding of the mechanisms by which plants sense low-oxygen stress. In this work, we review the current knowledge about the oxygen-sensing and signaling pathway in mammalian and plant systems and postulate the potential role of ion channels as putative oxygen sensors in plant roots. We first discuss the definition and requirements for the oxygen sensor and the difference between sensing and signaling. We then summarize the literature and identify several known candidates for oxygen sensing in the mammalian literature. This includes transient receptor potential (TRP) channels; K+-permeable channels (Kv, BK and TASK); Ca2+ channels (RyR and TPC); and various chemo- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent oxygen sensors. Identified key oxygen-sensing domains (PAS, GCS, GAF and PHD) in mammalian systems are used to predict the potential plant counterparts in Arabidopsis. Finally, the sequences of known mammalian ion channels with reported roles in oxygen sensing were employed to BLAST the Arabidopsis genome for the candidate genes. Several plasma membrane and tonoplast ion channels (such as TPC, AKT and KCO) and oxygen domain-containing proteins with predicted oxygen-sensing ability were identified and discussed. We propose a testable model for potential roles of ion channels in plant hypoxia sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Sasidharan R, Bailey-Serres J, Ashikari M, Atwell BJ, Colmer TD, Fagerstedt K, Fukao T, Geigenberger P, Hebelstrup KH, Hill RD, Holdsworth MJ, Ismail AM, Licausi F, Mustroph A, Nakazono M, Pedersen O, Perata P, Sauter M, Shih MC, Sorrell BK, Striker GG, van Dongen JT, Whelan J, Xiao S, Visser EJW, Voesenek LACJ. Community recommendations on terminology and procedures used in flooding and low oxygen stress research. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1403-1407. [PMID: 28277605 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sasidharan
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, the Netherlands
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521-0124, USA
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Brian J Atwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kurt Fagerstedt
- Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Center, Helsinki University, PO Box 65, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Takeshi Fukao
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Translational Plant Science Program, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Department of Biol 1, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Grosshaderner Str 2-4, Martinsried, Planegg, Munich, D-82152, Germany
| | - Kim H Hebelstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Robert D Hill
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Michael J Holdsworth
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Abdelbagi M Ismail
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banõs, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Francesco Licausi
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Mariscoglio 34, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via Mariscoglio 34, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Margret Sauter
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Ming-Che Shih
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 115, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brian K Sorrell
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. San Martin 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Center of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laurentius A C J Voesenek
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Zheng X, Zhou J, Tan DX, Wang N, Wang L, Shan D, Kong J. Melatonin Improves Waterlogging Tolerance of Malus baccata (Linn.) Borkh. Seedlings by Maintaining Aerobic Respiration, Photosynthesis and ROS Migration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:483. [PMID: 28424730 PMCID: PMC5380759 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging, one of the notorious abiotic stressors, retards the growth of apple plants and reduces their production. Thus, it is an urgent agenda for scientists to identify the suitable remedies for this problem. In the current study, we found that melatonin significantly improved the tolerance of apple seedlings against waterlogging stress. This was indicated by the reduced chlorosis and wilting of the seedlings after melatonin applications either by leaf spray or root irrigation. The mechanisms involve in that melatonin functions to maintain aerobic respiration, preserves photosynthesis and reduces oxidative damage of the plants which are under waterlogging stress. Melatonin application also enhances the gene expression of its synthetic enzymes (MbT5H1, MbAANAT3, MbASMT9) and increases melatonin production. This is the first report of a positive feedback that exogenous melatonin application promotes the melatonin synthesis in plants. A post-transcriptional regulation apparently participated in this regulation. When exogenous melatonin meets the requirement of the plants it is found that the protein synthesis of MbASMT9 was suppressed. Taken together, the results showed that melatonin was an effective molecule to protect plant, particularly apple plant, against waterlogging stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jingzhe Zhou
- Beijing Soil and Fertilizer Work StationBeijing, China
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San AntonioTX, USA
| | - Na Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Striker GG, Colmer TD. Flooding tolerance of forage legumes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1851-1872. [PMID: 27325893 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We review waterlogging and submergence tolerances of forage (pasture) legumes. Growth reductions from waterlogging in perennial species ranged from >50% for Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense to <25% for Lotus corniculatus, L. tenuis, and T. fragiferum. For annual species, waterlogging reduced Medicago truncatula by ~50%, whereas Melilotus siculus and T. michelianum were not reduced. Tolerant species have higher root porosity (gas-filled volume in tissues) owing to aerenchyma formation. Plant dry mass (waterlogged relative to control) had a positive (hyperbolic) relationship to root porosity across eight species. Metabolism in hypoxic roots was influenced by internal aeration. Sugars accumulate in M. sativa due to growth inhibition from limited respiration and low energy in roots of low porosity (i.e. 4.5%). In contrast, L. corniculatus, with higher root porosity (i.e. 17.2%) and O2 supply allowing respiration, maintained growth better and sugars did not accumulate. Tolerant legumes form nodules, and internal O2 diffusion along roots can sustain metabolism, including N2 fixation, in submerged nodules. Shoot physiology depends on species tolerance. In M. sativa, photosynthesis soon declines and in the longer term (>10 d) leaves suffer chlorophyll degradation, damage, and N, P, and K deficiencies. In tolerant L. corniculatus and L. tenuis, photosynthesis is maintained longer, shoot N is less affected, and shoot P can even increase during waterlogging. Species also differ in tolerance of partial and complete shoot submergence. Gaps in knowledge include anoxia tolerance of roots, N2 fixation during field waterlogging, and identification of traits conferring the ability to recover after water subsides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Avenida San Martín 4453, CPA 1417, DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Candidate genes for adaptation to an aquatic habitat recovered from Ranunculus bungei and Ranunculus sceleratus. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
82
|
Narsai R, Secco D, Schultz MD, Ecker JR, Lister R, Whelan J. Dynamic and rapid changes in the transcriptome and epigenome during germination and in developing rice (Oryza sativa) coleoptiles under anoxia and re-oxygenation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:805-824. [PMID: 27859855 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Detailed molecular profiling of Oryza sativa (rice) was carried out to uncover the features that are essential for germination and early seedling growth under anoxic conditions. Temporal analysis of the transcriptome and methylome from germination to young seedlings under aerobic and anaerobic conditions revealed 82% similarity in the transcriptome and no differences in the epigenome up to 24 h. Following germination, significant changes in the transcriptome and DNA methylation were observed between 4-day aerobically and anaerobically grown coleoptiles. A link between the epigenomic state and cell division versus cell elongation is suggested, as no differences in DNA methylation were observed between 24-h aerobically and anaerobically germinating embryos, when there is little cell division. After that, epigenetic changes appear to correlate with differences between cell elongation (anaerobic conditions) versus cell division (aerobic conditions) in the coleoptiles. Re-oxygenation of 3-day anaerobically grown seedlings resulted in rapid transcriptomic changes in DNA methylation in these coleoptiles. Unlike the transcriptome, changes in DNA methylation upon re-oxygenation did not reflect those seen in aerobic coleoptiles, but instead, reverted to a pattern similar to dry seeds. Reversion to the 'dry seed' state of DNA methylation upon re-oxygenation may act to 'reset the clock' for the rapid molecular changes and cell division that result upon re-oxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Narsai
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, 3086, Australia
| | - David Secco
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Matthew D Schultz
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ryan Lister
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Calvi GP, Aud FF, Ferraz IDK, Pritchard HW, Kranner I. Analyses of several seed viability markers in individual recalcitrant seeds of Eugenia stipitata McVaugh with totipotent germination. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2017; 19:6-13. [PMID: 27094237 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of biochemical seed viability markers is often compromised by the unknown partitioning of analytes in bulk seed lots consisting of inseparable populations of viable and nonviable seeds. We took advantage of an unusual morphological syndrome found in the recalcitrant, undifferentiated seeds of Eugenia stipitata: one seed can be cut into several parts, each of which can germinate and develop into seedlings. We used four seed parts from one individual seed to analyse seed moisture content (MC), seed viability and the antioxidant glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine; GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG) and intermediates of glutathione synthesis and breakdown. Seeds were exposed to different environmental MC to induce various levels of desiccation stress. Upon storage at high seed MC, seed viability was maintained, while GSH concentration increased and the glutathione half-cell reduction potential (EGSSG/2GSH ) was less negative than -215 mV, indicating GSH production and highly reducing conditions. Storage at low seed MC led to loss of GSH, resulting in a shift in EGSSG/2GSH , and seed death. In contrast, the cyst(e)ine half-cell reduction potential (ECySS/2CYS ) could not distinguish between the viability categories. Previous studies on seed populations revealed that the probability for a seed being alive is 50% at EGSSG/2GSH values between -180 and -160 mV. The single seed approach revealed that the window in which seed viability was lost could be slightly shifted towards more negative values. We discuss the contribution of cellular pH to EGSSG/2GSH and recommend E. stipitata as a recalcitrant seed model to study stress response on a single seed basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G P Calvi
- National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - F F Aud
- National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - I D K Ferraz
- National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - H W Pritchard
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Ardingly, UK
| | - I Kranner
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Ardingly, UK
- Institute of Botany and Centre of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Chen L, Liao B, Qi H, Xie LJ, Huang L, Tan WJ, Zhai N, Yuan LB, Zhou Y, Yu LJ, Chen QF, Shu W, Xiao S. Autophagy contributes to regulation of the hypoxia response during submergence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Autophagy 2016; 11:2233-46. [PMID: 26566261 PMCID: PMC4835207 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy involves massive degradation of intracellular components and functions as a conserved system that helps cells to adapt to adverse conditions. In mammals, hypoxia rapidly stimulates autophagy as a cell survival response. Here, we examine the function of autophagy in the regulation of the plant response to submergence, an abiotic stress that leads to hypoxia and anaerobic respiration in plant cells. In Arabidopsis thaliana, submergence induces the transcription of autophagy-related (ATG) genes and the formation of autophagosomes. Consistent with this, the autophagy-defective (atg) mutants are hypersensitive to submergence stress and treatment with ethanol, the end product of anaerobic respiration. Upon submergence, the atg mutants have increased levels of transcripts of anaerobic respiration genes (alcohol dehydrogenase 1, ADH1 and pyruvate decarboxylase 1, PDC1), but reduced levels of transcripts of other hypoxia- and ethylene-responsive genes. Both submergence and ethanol treatments induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rosettes of atg mutants more than in the wild type. Moreover, the production of ROS by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases is necessary for plant tolerance to submergence and ethanol, submergence-induced expression of ADH1 and PDC1, and activation of autophagy. The submergence- and ethanol-sensitive phenotypes in the atg mutants depend on a complete salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. Together, our findings demonstrate that submergence-induced autophagy functions in the hypoxia response in Arabidopsis by modulating SA-mediated cellular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Bin Liao
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Hua Qi
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Li-Juan Xie
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Li Huang
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei-Juan Tan
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Ning Zhai
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Li-Bing Yuan
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Ying Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Lu-Jun Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Qin-Fang Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Wensheng Shu
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| | - Shi Xiao
- a State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Loreti E, van Veen H, Perata P. Plant responses to flooding stress. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 33:64-71. [PMID: 27322538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Most plant species cannot survive prolonged submergence or soil waterlogging. Crops are particularly intolerant to the lack of oxygen arising from submergence. Rice can instead germinate and grow even if submerged. The molecular basis for rice tolerance was recently unveiled and will contribute to the development of better rice varieties, well adapted to flooding. The oxygen sensing mechanism was also recently discovered. This system likely operates in all plant species and relies on the oxygen-dependent destabilization of the group VII ethylene response factors (ERFVIIs), a cluster of ethylene responsive transcription factors. An homeostatic mechanism that controls gene expression in plants subjected to hypoxia prevents excessive activation of the anaerobic metabolism that could be detrimental to surviving the stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Loreti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hans van Veen
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Venkatachalam S, Ranjan K, Prasanna R, Ramakrishnan B, Thapa S, Kanchan A. Diversity and functional traits of culturable microbiome members, including cyanobacteria in the rice phyllosphere. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:627-37. [PMID: 26849835 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The diversity and abundance of culturable microbiome members of the rice phyllosphere was investigated using cv. Pusa Punjab Basmati 1509. Both diversity and species richness of bacteria were significantly higher in plants in pots in a semi-controlled environment than those in fields. Application of fertilisers reduced both diversity and species richness in field-grown plants under a conventional flooded system of rice intensification (SRI) and in dry-seeded rice (DSR) modes. Sequence analyses of 16S rDNA of culturable bacteria, those selected after amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), showed the dominance of α-proteobacteria (35%) and actinobacteria (38%); Pantoea, Exiguobacterium and Bacillus were common among the culturable phyllospheric bacteria. About 34% of 83 culturable bacterial isolates had higher potential (>2 μg·ml(-1) ) for indole acetic acid production in the absence of tryptophan. Interestingly, the phyllosphere bacterial isolates from the pot experiment had significantly higher potential for nitrogen fixation than isolates from the field experiment. Enrichment for cyanobacteria showed both unicellular forms and non-heterocystous filaments under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions. PCR-DGGE analysis of these showed that aerobic and anaerobic conditions as well as the three modes of cultivation of rice in the field strongly influenced the number and abundance of phylotypes. The adaptability and functional traits of these culturable microbiome members suggest enormous diversity in the phyllosphere, including potential for plant growth promotion, which was also significantly influenced by the different methods of growing rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Venkatachalam
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - K Ranjan
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - R Prasanna
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - B Ramakrishnan
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - S Thapa
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - A Kanchan
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Kamal AHM, Komatsu S. Jasmonic acid induced protein response to biophoton emissions and flooding stress in soybean. J Proteomics 2016; 133:33-47. [PMID: 26655678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biophoton emissions were elevated by the exogenous plant hormone application such as jasmonic (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). To reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying flooding stress responses in soybean treated with JA and SA, biophoton emissions from plants were quantified in combination with proteomic analyses. Furthermore, treatment with exogenous JA inhibited lateral root growth and markedly reduced root weight. Out of 649 proteins identified in the JA- and JA/SA-treated plants, 44 were unique to JA-treated plants, 403 were unique to JA/SA-treated plants, and 202 were shared between the groups. These proteins were involved in stress, signaling, degradation, glycolysis, fermentation, and hormone metabolism. The abundances of glutathione-S-transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and malate dehydrogenase were decreased; however, the activities of these enzymes were increased. In contrast, the abundance and activity of monodehydroascorbate reductase increased in the roots of plants treated with JA and SA under flooding stress. This suggests that the quantity of lateral roots, total root mass, and free radicals generated during oxidation and reduction reactions and reactive oxygen species scavenging largely contribute to biophoton emission. Furthermore, monodehydroascorbate reductase, which is involved in detoxification and controlling hydrogen peroxide levels, may protect plant cells against oxidative damage during flooding. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE To understand the source of biophoton emission and molecular mechanism by the application of jasmonic and salicylic acid under flooding conditions in soybean plants, the label-free quantitative techniques were performed in roots. Root lengths and weights were significantly reduced by the effect of jasmonic and salicylic acid while it inhibited growth of the lateral roots in normal conditions using the jasmonic acid. Finally, identified proteins were functionally annotated by MAPMAN software application; that were assigned to different functional categories, such as stress, signaling, protein, glycolysis, metabolism, cell wall, and cell organization. Consequently, this study offers to learn the photon emission in plants and to know the molecular mechanism under flooding stress in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Shabala S, Bose J, Fuglsang AT, Pottosin I. On a quest for stress tolerance genes: membrane transporters in sensing and adapting to hostile soils. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1015-31. [PMID: 26507891 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, and flooding severely limit food and fibre production and result in penalties of in excess of US$100 billion per annum to the agricultural sector. Improved abiotic stress tolerance to these environmental constraints via traditional or molecular breeding practices requires a good understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind roots sensing of hostile soils, as well as downstream signalling cascades to effectors mediating plant adaptive responses to the environment. In this review, we discuss some common mechanisms conferring plant tolerance to these three major abiotic stresses. Central to our discussion are: (i) the essentiality of membrane potential maintenance and ATP production/availability and its use for metabolic versus adaptive responses; (ii) reactive oxygen species and Ca(2+) 'signatures' mediating stress signalling; and (iii) cytosolic K(+) as the common denominator of plant adaptive responses. We discuss in detail how key plasma membrane and tonoplast transporters are regulated by various signalling molecules and processes observed in plants under stress conditions (e.g. changes in membrane potential; cytosolic pH and Ca(2+); reactive oxygen species; polyamines; abscisic acid) and how these stress-induced changes are related to expression and activity of specific ion transporters. The reported results are then discussed in the context of strategies for breeding crops with improved abiotic stress tolerance. We also discuss a classical trade-off between tolerance and yield, and possible avenues for resolving this dilemma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Anja Thoe Fuglsang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Igor Pottosin
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045 Colima, México
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Voesenek LACJ, Sasidharan R, Visser EJW, Bailey-Serres J. Flooding stress signaling through perturbations in oxygen, ethylene, nitric oxide and light. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:39-43. [PMID: 26625347 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurentius A C J Voesenek
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Gao L, Geng Y, Yang H, Hu Y, Yang J. Gene Expression Reaction Norms Unravel the Molecular and Cellular Processes Underpinning the Plastic Phenotypes of Alternanthera Philoxeroides in Contrasting Hydrological Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:991. [PMID: 26617628 PMCID: PMC4641913 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Alternanthera philoxeroides is an amphibious invasive weed that can colonize both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Individuals growing in different habitats exhibit extensive phenotypic variation but little genetic differentiation. Little is known about the molecular basis underlying environment-induced phenotypic changes. Variation in transcript abundance in A. philoxeroides was characterized throughout the time-courses of pond and upland treatments using RNA-Sequencing. Seven thousand eight hundred and five genes demonstrated variable expression in response to different treatments, forming 11 transcriptionally coordinated gene groups. Functional enrichment analysis of plastically expressed genes revealed pathway changes in hormone-mediated signaling, osmotic adjustment, cell wall remodeling, and programmed cell death, providing a mechanistic understanding of the biological processes underlying the phenotypic changes in A. philoxeroides. Both transcriptional modulation of environmentally sensitive loci and environmentally dependent control of regulatory loci influenced the plastic responses to the environment. Phenotypic responses and gene expression patterns to contrasting hydrological conditions were compared between A. philoxeroides and its alien congener Alternanthera pungens. The terricolous A. pungens displayed limited phenotypic plasticity to different treatments. It was postulated based on gene expression comparison that the interspecific variation in plasticity between A. philoxeroides and A. pungens was not due to environmentally-mediated changes in hormone levels but to variations in the type and relative abundance of different signal transducers and receptors expressed in the target tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexuan Gao
- Center for Evolutionary Biology and Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai, China
| | - Yupeng Geng
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan UniversityKunming, China
| | - Hongxing Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai, China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Center for Evolutionary Biology and Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Phukan UJ, Mishra S, Shukla RK. Waterlogging and submergence stress: affects and acclimation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:956-66. [PMID: 26177332 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1064856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Submergence, whether partial or complete, imparts some serious consequences on plants grown in flood prone ecosystems. Some plants can endure these conditions by embracing various survival strategies, including morphological adaptations and physiological adjustments. This review summarizes recent progress made in understanding of the stress and the acclimation responses of plants under waterlogged or submerged conditions. Waterlogging and submergence are often associated with hypoxia development, which may trigger various morphological traits and cellular acclimation responses. Ethylene, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid and other hormones play a crucial role in the survival process which is controlled genetically. Effects at the cellular level, including ATP management, starch metabolism, elemental toxicity, role of transporters and redox status have been explained. Transcriptional and hormonal interplay during this stress may provide some key aspects in understanding waterlogging and submergence tolerance. The level and degree of tolerance may vary depending on species or climatic variations which need to be studied for a proper understanding of waterlogging stress at the global level. The exploration of regulatory pathways and interplay in model organisms such as Arabidopsis and rice would provide valuable resources for improvement of economically and agriculturally important plants in waterlogging affected areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal J Phukan
- a Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP) , Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Sonal Mishra
- a Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP) , Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- a Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP) , Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Voesenek LACJ, Bailey-Serres J. Flood adaptive traits and processes: an overview. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:57-73. [PMID: 25580769 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Unanticipated flooding challenges plant growth and fitness in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Here we describe mechanisms of developmental plasticity and metabolic modulation that underpin adaptive traits and acclimation responses to waterlogging of root systems and submergence of aerial tissues. This includes insights into processes that enhance ventilation of submerged organs. At the intersection between metabolism and growth, submergence survival strategies have evolved involving an ethylene-driven and gibberellin-enhanced module that regulates growth of submerged organs. Opposing regulation of this pathway is facilitated by a subgroup of ethylene-response transcription factors (ERFs), which include members that require low O₂ or low nitric oxide (NO) conditions for their stabilization. These transcription factors control genes encoding enzymes required for anaerobic metabolism as well as proteins that fine-tune their function in transcription and turnover. Other mechanisms that control metabolism and growth at seed, seedling and mature stages under flooding conditions are reviewed, as well as findings demonstrating that true endurance of submergence includes an ability to restore growth following the deluge. Finally, we highlight molecular insights obtained from natural variation of domesticated and wild species that occupy different hydrological niches, emphasizing the value of understanding natural flooding survival strategies in efforts to stabilize crop yields in flood-prone environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurentius A C J Voesenek
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Golicz AA, Schliep M, Lee HT, Larkum AWD, Dolferus R, Batley J, Chan CKK, Sablok G, Ralph PJ, Edwards D. Genome-wide survey of the seagrass Zostera muelleri suggests modification of the ethylene signalling network. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1489-98. [PMID: 25563969 PMCID: PMC4339605 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses are flowering plants which grow fully submerged in the marine environment. They have evolved a range of adaptations to environmental challenges including light attenuation through water, the physical stress of wave action and tidal currents, high concentrations of salt, oxygen deficiency in marine sediment, and water-borne pollination. Although, seagrasses are a key stone species of the costal ecosystems, many questions regarding seagrass biology and evolution remain unanswered. Genome sequence data for the widespread Australian seagrass species Zostera muelleri were generated and the unassembled data were compared with the annotated genes of five sequenced plant species (Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Phoenix dactylifera, Musa acuminata, and Spirodela polyrhiza). Genes which are conserved between Z. muelleri and the five plant species were identified, together with genes that have been lost in Z. muelleri. The effect of gene loss on biological processes was assessed on the gene ontology classification level. Gene loss in Z. muelleri appears to influence some core biological processes such as ethylene biosynthesis. This study provides a foundation for further studies of seagrass evolution as well as the hormonal regulation of plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Golicz
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Martin Schliep
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huey Tyng Lee
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Anthony W D Larkum
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rudy Dolferus
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Chon-Kit Kenneth Chan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Gaurav Sablok
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Xie LJ, Chen QF, Chen MX, Yu LJ, Huang L, Chen L, Wang FZ, Xia FN, Zhu TR, Wu JX, Yin J, Liao B, Shi J, Zhang JH, Aharoni A, Yao N, Shu W, Xiao S. Unsaturation of very-long-chain ceramides protects plant from hypoxia-induced damages by modulating ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005143. [PMID: 25822663 PMCID: PMC4379176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid remodeling is crucial for hypoxic tolerance in animals, whilst little is known about the hypoxia-induced lipid dynamics in plants. Here we performed a mass spectrometry-based analysis to survey the lipid profiles of Arabidopsis rosettes under various hypoxic conditions. We observed that hypoxia caused a significant increase in total amounts of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid and oxidized lipids, but a decrease in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Particularly, significant gains in the polyunsaturated species of PC, PE and phosphatidylinositol, and losses in their saturated and mono-unsaturated species were evident during hypoxia. Moreover, hypoxia led to a remarkable elevation of ceramides and hydroxyceramides. Disruption of ceramide synthases LOH1, LOH2 and LOH3 enhanced plant sensitivity to dark submergence, but displayed more resistance to submergence under light than wild type. Consistently, levels of unsaturated very-long-chain (VLC) ceramide species (22:1, 24:1 and 26:1) predominantly declined in the loh1, loh2 and loh3 mutants under dark submergence. In contrast, significant reduction of VLC ceramides in the loh1-1 loh3-1 knockdown double mutant and lacking of VLC unsaturated ceramides in the ads2 mutants impaired plant tolerance to both dark and light submergences. Evidence that C24:1-ceramide interacted with recombinant CTR1 protein and inhibited its kinase activity in vitro, enhanced ER-to-nucleus translocation of EIN2-GFP and stabilization of EIN3-GFP in vivo, suggests a role of ceramides in modulating CTR1-mediated ethylene signaling. The dark submergence-sensitive phenotypes of loh mutants were rescued by a ctr1-1 mutation. Thus, our findings demonstrate that unsaturation of VLC ceramides is a protective strategy for hypoxic tolerance in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lu-Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan-Nv Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Ren Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Huang X, Shabala S, Shabala L, Rengel Z, Wu X, Zhang G, Zhou M. Linking waterlogging tolerance with Mn²⁺ toxicity: a case study for barley. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:26-33. [PMID: 24985051 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Vast agricultural areas are affected by flooding, causing up to 80% yield reduction and resulting in multibillion dollar losses. Up to now, the focus of plant breeders was predominantly on detrimental effects of anoxia, while other (potentially equally important) traits were essentially neglected; one of these is soil elemental toxicity. Excess water triggers a progressive decrease in soil redox potential, thus increasing the concentration of Mn(2+) that can be toxic to plants if above a specific threshold. This work aimed to quantify the relative contribution of Mn(2+) toxicity to waterlogging stress tolerance, using barley as a case study. Twenty barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes contrasting in waterlogging stress tolerance were studied for their ability to cope with toxic (1 mm) amounts of Mn(2+) in the root rhizosphere. Under Mn(2+) toxicity, chlorophyll content of most waterlogging-tolerant genotypes (TX9425, Yerong, CPI-71284-48 and CM72) remained above 60% of the control value, whereas sensitive genotypes (Franklin and Naso Nijo) had 35% less chlorophyll than 35% of controls. Manganese concentration in leaves was not related to visual Mn(2+) toxicity symptoms, suggesting that various Mn(2+) tolerance mechanisms might operate in different tolerant genotypes, i.e. avoidance versus tissue tolerance. The overall significant (r = 0.60) correlation between tolerance to Mn(2+) toxicity and waterlogging in barley suggests that plant breeding for tolerance to waterlogging traits may be advanced by targeting mechanisms conferring tolerance to Mn(2+) toxicity, at least in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Kings Meadows, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Tsai KJ, Chou SJ, Shih MC. Ethylene plays an essential role in the recovery of Arabidopsis during post-anaerobiosis reoxygenation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2391-405. [PMID: 24506560 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is known to play an essential role in mediating hypoxic responses in plants. Here, we show that in addition to regulating hypoxic responses, ethylene also regulates cellular responses in the reoxygenation stage after anoxic treatment in Arabidopsis. We found that expression of several ethylene biosynthetic genes and ethylene-responsive factors, including ERF1 and ERF2, was induced during reoxygenation. Compared with the wild type, two ethylene-insensitive mutants (ein2-5 and ein3eil1) were more sensitive to reoxygenation and displayed damaged phenotypes during reoxygenation. To characterize the role of ethylene, we applied microarray analysis to Col-0, ein2-5 and ein3eil1 under reoxygenation conditions. Our results showed that gene transcripts involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, dehydration response and metabolic processes were regulated during reoxygenation. Moreover, ethylene signalling may participate in regulating these responses and maintaining the homeostasis of different phytohormones. Our work presents evidence that ethylene has distinct functions in recovery after anoxia and provides insight into the reoxygenation signalling network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Jin Tsai
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Shabala S, Shabala L, Barcelo J, Poschenrieder C. Membrane transporters mediating root signalling and adaptive responses to oxygen deprivation and soil flooding. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2216-33. [PMID: 24689809 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive assessment of a previously unexplored topic: elucidating the role that plasma- and organelle-based membrane transporters play in plant-adaptive responses to flooding. We show that energy availability and metabolic shifts under hypoxia and anoxia are critical in regulating membrane-transport activity. We illustrate the high tissue and time dependence of this regulation, reveal the molecular identity of transporters involved and discuss the modes of their regulation. We show that both reduced oxygen availability and accumulation of transition metals in flooded roots result in a reduction in the cytosolic K(+) pool, ultimately determining the cell's fate and transition to programmed cell death (PCD). This process can be strongly affected by hypoxia-induced changes in the amino acid pool profile and, specifically, ϒ-amino butyric acid (GABA) accumulation. It is suggested that GABA plays an important regulatory role, allowing plants to proceed with H2 O2 signalling to activate a cascade of genes that mediate plant adaptation to flooding while at the same time, preventing the cell from entering a 'suicide program'. We conclude that progress in crop breeding for flooding tolerance can only be achieved by pyramiding the numerous physiological traits that confer efficient energy maintenance, cytosolic ion homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) control and detoxification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Shingaki-Wells R, Millar AH, Whelan J, Narsai R. What happens to plant mitochondria under low oxygen? An omics review of the responses to low oxygen and reoxygenation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2260-77. [PMID: 24575773 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Floods can rapidly submerge plants, limiting oxygen to the extent that oxidative phosphorylation no longer generates adequate ATP supplies. Low-oxygen tolerant plants, such as rice, are able to adequately respond to low oxygen by successfully remodelling primary and mitochondrial metabolism to partially counteract the energy crisis that ensues. In this review, we discuss how plants respond to low-oxygen stress at the transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and enzyme activity levels, particularly focusing on mitochondria and interacting pathways. The role of reactive oxygen species and nitrite as an alternative electron acceptor as well as their links to respiratory chain components is discussed. By making intra-kingdom as well as cross-kingdom comparisons, conserved mechanisms of anoxia tolerance are highlighted as well as tolerance mechanisms that are specific to anoxia-tolerant rice during germination and in coleoptiles. We discuss reoxygenation as an often overlooked, yet essential stage of this environmental stress and consider the possibility that changes occurring during low oxygen may also provide benefits upon re-aeration. Finally, we consider what it takes to be low-oxygen tolerant and argue that alternative mechanisms of ATP production, glucose signalling, starch/sucrose signalling as well as reverse metabolism of fermentation end products promote the survival of rice after this debilitating stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shingaki-Wells
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Bayliss Building University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Nanjo Y, Jang HY, Kim HS, Hiraga S, Woo SH, Komatsu S. Analyses of flooding tolerance of soybean varieties at emergence and varietal differences in their proteomes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 106:25-36. [PMID: 25053003 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Flooding of fields due to heavy and/or continuous rainfall influences soybean production. To identify soybean varieties with flooding tolerance at the seedling emergence stage, 128 soybean varieties were evaluated using a flooding tolerance index, which is based on plant survival rates, the lack of apparent damage and lateral root development, and post-flooding radicle elongation rate. The soybean varieties were ranked according to their flooding tolerance index, and it was found that the tolerance levels of soybean varieties exhibit a continuum of differences between varieties. Subsequently, tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive varieties were selected and subjected to comparative proteomic analysis to clarify the tolerance mechanism. Proteomic analysis of the radicles, combined with correlation analysis, showed that the ratios of RNA binding/processing related proteins and flooding stress indicator proteins were significantly correlated with flooding tolerance index. The RNA binding/processing related proteins were positively correlated in untreated soybeans, whereas flooding stress indicator proteins were negatively correlated in flooded soybeans. These results suggest that flooding tolerance is regulated by mechanisms through multiple factors and is associated with abundance levels of the identified proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nanjo
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
| | - Hee-Young Jang
- Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Sig Kim
- Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Susumu Hiraga
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Sun-Hee Woo
- Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Shiono K, Yamauchi T, Yamazaki S, Mohanty B, Malik AI, Nagamura Y, Nishizawa NK, Tsutsumi N, Colmer TD, Nakazono M. Microarray analysis of laser-microdissected tissues indicates the biosynthesis of suberin in the outer part of roots during formation of a barrier to radial oxygen loss in rice (Oryza sativa). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4795-806. [PMID: 24913626 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Internal aeration is crucial for root growth in waterlogged soil. A barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL) can enhance long-distance oxygen transport via the aerenchyma to the root tip; a higher oxygen concentration at the apex enables root growth into anoxic soil. The ROL barrier is formed within the outer part of roots (OPR). Suberin and/or lignin deposited in cell walls are thought to contribute to the barrier, but it is unclear which compound is the main constituent. This study describes gene expression profiles during ROL barrier formation in rice roots to determine the relative responses of suberin and/or lignin biosyntheses for the barrier. OPR tissues were isolated by laser microdissection and their transcripts were analysed by microarray. A total of 128 genes were significantly up- or downregulated in the OPR during the barrier formation. Genes associated with suberin biosynthesis were strongly upregulated, whereas genes associated with lignin biosynthesis were not. By an ab initio analysis of the promoters of the upregulated genes, the putative cis-elements that could be associated with transcription factors, WRKY, AP2/ERF, NAC, bZIP, MYB, CBT/DREB, and MADS, were elucidated. They were particularly associated with the expression of transcription factor genes containing WRKY, AP2, and MYB domains. A semiquantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis of genes associated with suberin biosynthesis (WRKY, CYP, and GPAT) confirmed that they were highly expressed during ROL barrier formation. Overall, these results suggest that suberin is a major constituent of the ROL barrier in roots of rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Shiono
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjyojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.
| | - Takaki Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - So Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Bijayalaxmi Mohanty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Al Imran Malik
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yoshiaki Nagamura
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Nonoichimachi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|