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Masi LN, Martins AR, Crisma AR, do Amaral CL, Davanso MR, Serdan TDA, da Cunha de Sá RDC, Cruz MM, Alonso-Vale MIC, Torres RP, Mancini-Filho J, Pereira JNB, da Silva Righetti MM, Liberti EA, Hirabara SM, Curi R. Combination of a high-fat diet with sweetened condensed milk exacerbates inflammation and insulin resistance induced by each separately in mice. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638152 PMCID: PMC5479812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic diets increase body weight and cause insulin resistance (IR), however, the association of these changes with the main macronutrient in the diet remains to be elucidated. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with: control (CD), CD and sweetened condensed milk (HS), high-fat (HF), and HF and condensed milk (HSHF). After 2 months, increased body weight, glucose intolerance, adipocyte size and cholesterol levels were observed. As compared with CD, HS ingested the same amount of calories whereas HF and HSHF ingested less. HS had increased plasma AST activity and liver type I collagen. HF caused mild liver steatosis and hepatocellular damage. HF and HSHF increased LDL-cholesterol, hepatocyte and adipocyte hypertrophy, TNF-α by macrophages and decreased lipogenesis and adiponectin in adipose tissue (AT). HSHF exacerbated these effects, increasing IR, lipolysis, mRNA expression of F4/80 and leptin in AT, Tlr-4 in soleus muscle and IL-6, IL-1β, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 protein in AT. The three obesogenic diets induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction. HS was more proinflammatory than the HF and induced hepatic fibrosis. The HF was more detrimental in terms of insulin sensitivity, and it caused liver steatosis. The combination HSHF exacerbated the effects of each separately on insulin resistance and AT inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureane Nunes Masi
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro of Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Roque Martins
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rabello Crisma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cátia Lira do Amaral
- Campus of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Goias, Anapolis, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Davanso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maysa Mariana Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rosângela Pavan Torres
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mancini-Filho
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Aparecido Liberti
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro of Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro of Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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52
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Xiang L, Li J, Wang Q, Tang R, Qi J. Leptin Gene Transfer Improves Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetic Mice by Regulating Leptin Signaling Pathway and Insulin Resistance of Peripheral Tissues. Hum Gene Ther 2017. [PMID: 28622065 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The leptin gene was transferred into the liver of streptozocin- and high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice by hydrodynamic-based gene delivery. The food intake, water consumption, glucose concentration, and triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of T2D mice were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, plasma leptin was remarkably increased after gene transfer for 2, 3, 5, and 7 days, while plasma adiponectin was also significantly increased at day 2. To understand the mechanism of action of leptin on T2D mice, gene expressions related to glycometabolism and energy metabolism in the liver, epididymal adipose tissue, hypothalamus, and muscle were measured. The mRNA expression levels of adiponectin receptor 1 (ADR1), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), glucose-6-phosphase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in the liver, leptin, adiponectin, and hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue, leptin, leptin-receptor, ADR1 in the hypothalamus, and ADR1, GLUT4, and insulin 1 in the gastrocnemius significantly increased. Moreover, the hepatic glycogen of the leptin-gene-treated group was significantly increased in comparison to the control group. Meanwhile, the significant decrease of forkhead box O1, adiponectin receptor 2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in the liver, and agouti-related protein and proopiomelanocortin genes in the hypothalamus were also observed. In fat tissue and hypothalamus, leptin and adiponectin protein levels were also significantly increased, whereas the neuropeptide Y protein level was significantly decreased. These results indicated that the leptin gene transfer could improve the symptoms of T2D mice by regulating the leptin-hypothalamus signaling pathway and improving the insulin resistance of the peripheral tissues of T2D mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
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N-acyl Taurines and Acylcarnitines Cause an Imbalance in Insulin Synthesis and Secretion Provoking β Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1334-1347.e4. [PMID: 28591636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The processes contributing to β cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are uncertain, largely because it is difficult to access β cells in their intact immediate environment. We examined the pathophysiology of β cells under T2D progression directly in pancreatic tissues. We used MALDI imaging of Langerhans islets (LHIs) within mouse tissues or from human tissues to generate in situ-omics data, which we supported with in vitro experiments. Molecular interaction networks provided information on functional pathways and molecules. We found that stearoylcarnitine accumulated in β cells, leading to arrest of insulin synthesis and energy deficiency via excessive β-oxidation and depletion of TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolites. Acetylcarnitine and an accumulation of N-acyl taurines, a group not previously detected in β cells, provoked insulin secretion. Thus, β cell dysfunction results from enhanced insulin secretion combined with an arrest of insulin synthesis.
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54
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Tian X, Yan C, Liu M, Zhang Q, Liu D, Liu Y, Li S, Han Y. CREG1 heterozygous mice are susceptible to high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176873. [PMID: 28459882 PMCID: PMC5411056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) is a small glycoprotein whose physiological function is unknown. In cell culture studies, CREG1 promotes cellular differentiation and maturation. To elucidate its physiological functions, we deleted the Creg1 gene in mice and found that loss of CREG1 leads to early embryonic death, suggesting that it is essential for early development. In the analysis of Creg1 heterozygous mice, we unexpectedly observed that they developed obesity as they get older. In this study, we further studied this phenotype by feeding wild type (WT) and Creg1 heterozygote (Creg1+/-) mice a high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Our data showed that Creg1+/- mice exhibited a more prominent obesity phenotype with no change in food intake compared with WT controls when challenged with HFD. Creg1 haploinsufficiency also exacerbated HFD-induced liver steatosis, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In addition, HFD markedly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and epididymal adipose tissue in Creg1+/- mice as compared with WT controls. The activation level of NF-κB, a major regulator of inflammatory response, in epididymal adipose tissue was also elevated in parallel with the cytokines in Creg1+/- mice. These pro-inflammatory responses elicited by CREG1 reduction were confirmed in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes with CREG1 depletion by siRNA transfection. Given that adipose tissue inflammation has been shown to play a key role in obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, our results suggest that Creg1 haploinsufficiency confers increased susceptibility of adipose tissue to inflammation, leading to aggravated obesity and insulin resistance when challenged with HFD. This study uncovered a novel function of CREG1 in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Meili Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Quanyu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Yaling Han
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
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Arya M, Srinivasan M, Rajasekharan R. Human alpha beta hydrolase domain containing protein 11 and its yeast homolog are lipid hydrolases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:875-880. [PMID: 28465236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian alpha/beta hydrolase domain (ABHD) family of proteins have emerged as key regulators of lipid metabolism and are found to be associated with human diseases. Human α/β-hydrolase domain containing protein 11 (ABHD11) has recently been predicted as a potential biomarker for human lung adenocarcinoma. In silico analyses of the ABHD11 protein sequence revealed the presence of a conserved lipase motif GXSXG. However, the role of ABHD11 in lipid metabolism is not known. To understand the biological function of ABHD11, we heterologously expressed the human ABHD11 in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vivo [14C]acetate labeling of cellular lipids in yeast cells overexpressing ABHD11 showed a decrease in triacylglycerol content. Overexpression of ABHD11 also alters the molecular species of triacylglycerol in yeast. Similar activity was observed in its yeast homolog, Ygr031w. The role of the conserved lipase motif in the hydrolase activity was proven by the mutation of all conserved amino acid residues of GXSXG motif. Collectively, our results demonstrate that human ABHD11 and its yeast homolog YGR031W have a pivotal role in the lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Arya
- Lipidomic Centre, Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Lipidomic Centre, Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Ram Rajasekharan
- Lipidomic Centre, Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India.
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56
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Szabo DT, Pathmasiri W, Sumner S, Birnbaum LS. Serum Metabolomic Profiles in Neonatal Mice following Oral Brominated Flame Retardant Exposures to Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) Alpha, Gamma, and Commercial Mixture. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:651-659. [PMID: 27814246 PMCID: PMC5381977 DOI: 10.1289/ehp242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a high production volume brominated flame retardant added to building insulation foams, electronics, and textiles. HBCD is a commercial mixture (CM-HBCD) composed of three main stereoisomers: α-HBCD (10%), β-HBCD (10%), and γ-HBCD (80%). A shift from the dominant stereoisomer γ-HBCD to α-HBCD is detected in humans and wildlife. OBJECTIVES Considering CM-HBCD has been implicated in neurodevelopment and endocrine disruption, with expected metabolism perturbations, we performed metabolomics on mice serum obtained during a window-of-developmental neurotoxicity to draw correlations between early-life exposures and developmental outcomes and to predict health risks. METHODS Six female C57BL/6 mice at postnatal day (PND) 10 were administered a single gavage dose of α-, γ-, or CM-HBCD at 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg. Nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics was used to analyze 60 μL serum aliquots of blood collected 4 days post-oral exposure. RESULTS Infantile mice exposed to α-, γ-, or CM-HBCD demonstrated differences in endogenous metabolites by treatment and dose groups, including metabolites involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, citric acid cycle, and neurodevelopment. Ketone bodies, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate, were nonstatistically elevated, when compared with mean control levels, in all treatment and dose groups, while glucose, pyruvate, and alanine varied. Acetoacetate was significantly increased in the 10 mg/kg α-HBCD and was nonsignificantly decreased with CM-HBCD. A third ketone body, acetone, was significantly lower in the 30 mg/kg α-HBCD group with significant increases in pyruvate at the same treatment and dose group. Metabolites significant in differentiating treatment and dose groups were also identified, including decreases in amino acids glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter in learning and memory) and phenylalanine (neurotransmitter precursor) after α-HBCD and γ-HBCD exposure, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that 4 days following a single neonatal oral exposure to α-, γ-, and CM-HBCD resulted in different serum metabolomic profiles, indicating stereoisomer- and mixture-specific effects and possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Szabo
- National Human Environmental Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to D.T. Szabo, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Human Environmental Exposure Research Laboratory; and University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Curriculum in Toxicology, 130 Finsbury Street, Durham, NC 27703 USA. Telephone: (352) 615-2415. E-mail:
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Sumner
- Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and
- National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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57
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Ouyang Z, Li W, Meng Q, Zhang Q, Wang X, Elgehama A, Wu X, Shen Y, Sun Y, Wu X, Xu Q. A natural compound jaceosidin ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance via upregulation of SERCA2b. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1286-1296. [PMID: 28320096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as a vital contributor to dysregulated glucose homeostasis, and impaired function of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2b (SERCA2b) is one of the central mechanisms underlying ER stress. In this study, we reported that SERCA2b upregulation contributed to the amelioration of ER stress and insulin resistance by a small natural compound jaceosidin. In a model of differentiated C2C12 myotubes, jaceosidin-triggered SERCA2b upregulation enhanced insulin sensitivity and decreased ER stress. Moreover, the activity of Ca2+-ATPase in thapsigargin-treated myotubes was also augmented by jaceosidin. Furthermore, jaceosidin significantly suppressed blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance and lowered body weight, but did not alter food intake in insulin-resistant obese mice. In addition, this compound markedly reduced lipid accumulation, suppressed the expression of lipogenic genes in liver and ameliorated liver injury. The ameliorative effects of jaceosidin were due to its ability to reduce ER stress via increasing the expression of SERCA2b in the muscles of obese mice. Taken together, jaceosidin could improve ER stress and attenuate insulin resistance via SERCA2b upregulation in mice skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanshuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahmed Elgehama
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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58
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Mohammadi SF, Afarideh M, Mehrjardi HZ, Mirhadi S. Obesity and Density of the Crystalline Lens: Revisiting a Growing Dilemma. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:1-8. [PMID: 31988899 PMCID: PMC6945933 DOI: 10.1159/000454979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Obesity is believed to accelerate age-related cataractogenesis through various biomechanisms. On the contrary, there are also studies advocating the protective role of obesity against the cataract formation process. We investigate the correlation of body mass index (BMI) as a measure for obesity with crystalline optical lens density and opacity in a healthy adult population. Methods In a cross-sectional setting, 93 consecutive disease-free adult individuals who were working staff of a university-based hospital were assessed for the association between crystalline lens density and opalescence [measured by the objective Pentacam HR lens densitometry and subjective Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III), respectively] with the degree of obesity as defined by BMI. Results LOCS III and crystalline lens density readings were positively correlated [Spearman rho CC (p value) = 0.224 (0.034)]. However, we found neither LOCS III nor crystalline lens density to be correlated with BMI [Spearman rho CC = -0.008 (p = 0.943) and -0.062 (p = 0.560), respectively]. Conclusions Results from the present study indicate a lack of association between obesity and densitometry of the crystalline in the adult population group. Further studies are required to confirm the order of causality and pathogenesis of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Farzad Mohammadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Z Mehrjardi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Mirhadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kumar V, Chang H, Reiter DA, Bradley DP, Belury M, McCormack SE, Raman SV. Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28190054 DOI: 10.3791/54977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, which is critically important in health and disease, can be measured in vivo and noninvasively in humans via phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31PMRS). However, the approach has not been widely adopted in translational and clinical research, with variations in methodology and limited guidance from the literature. Increased optimization, standardization, and dissemination of methods for in vivo 31PMRS would facilitate the development of targeted therapies to improve OXPHOS capacity and could ultimately favorably impact cardiovascular health. 31PMRS produces a noninvasive, in vivo measure of OXPHOS capacity in human skeletal muscle, as opposed to alternative measures obtained from explanted and potentially altered mitochondria via muscle biopsy. It relies upon only modest additional instrumentation beyond what is already in place on magnetic resonance scanners available for clinical and translational research at most institutions. In this work, we outline a method to measure in vivo skeletal muscle OXPHOS. The technique is demonstrated using a 1.5 Tesla whole-body MR scanner equipped with the suitable hardware and software for 31PMRS, and we explain a simple and robust protocol for in-magnet resistive exercise to rapidly fatigue the quadriceps muscle. Reproducibility and feasibility are demonstrated in volunteers as well as subjects over a wide range of functional capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Kumar
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University
| | - Henry Chang
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University
| | - David A Reiter
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging
| | - David P Bradley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University
| | - Martha Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University
| | - Shana E McCormack
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Subha V Raman
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University;
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Jung HW, Kang AN, Kang SY, Park YK, Song MY. The Root Extract of Pueraria lobata and Its Main Compound, Puerarin, Prevent Obesity by Increasing the Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010033. [PMID: 28054981 PMCID: PMC5295077 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Pueraria lobata (RP) has been reported to prevent obesity and improve glucose metabolism; however, the mechanism responsible for these effects has not been elucidated. The mechanism underlying anti-obesity effect of RP was investigated in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice and skeletal muscle cells (C2C12). Five-week-old C5BL/6 mice were fed a HFD containing or not containing RP (100 or 300 mg/kg) or metformin (250 mg/kg) for 16 weeks. RP reduced body weight gain, lipid accumulation in liver, and adipocyte and blood lipid levels. In addition, RP dose-dependently improved hyperglycemia, insulinemia, and glucose tolerance, and prevented the skeletal muscle atrophy induced by HFD. Furthermore, RP increased the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) expression and phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle tissues. RP and its main component, puerarin, increased mitochondrial biogenesis and myotube hypertrophy in C2C12 cells. The present study demonstrates that RP can prevent diet-induced obesity, glucose tolerance, and skeletal muscle atrophy in mouse models of obesity. The mechanism responsible for the effect of RP appears to be related to the upregulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle, which at the molecular level may be associated with PGC-1α and AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Jung
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdaero 123, Gyeongju-si 38066, Korea.
- Korean Medicine R&D Center, College of Korean medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdaero 123, Gyeongju-si 38066, Korea.
| | - An Na Kang
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdaero 123, Gyeongju-si 38066, Korea.
- Korean Medicine R&D Center, College of Korean medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdaero 123, Gyeongju-si 38066, Korea.
| | - Seok Yong Kang
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdaero 123, Gyeongju-si 38066, Korea.
- Korean Medicine R&D Center, College of Korean medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdaero 123, Gyeongju-si 38066, Korea.
| | - Yong-Ki Park
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdaero 123, Gyeongju-si 38066, Korea.
- Korean Medicine R&D Center, College of Korean medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdaero 123, Gyeongju-si 38066, Korea.
| | - Mi Young Song
- Korean Medicine R&D Center, College of Korean medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdaero 123, Gyeongju-si 38066, Korea.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdaero 123, Gyeongju-si 38066, Korea.
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Nimri L, Saadi J, Peri I, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Schwartz B. Mechanisms linking obesity to altered metabolism in mice colon carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38195-209. [PMID: 26472027 PMCID: PMC4741993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are an increasing number of reports on obesity being a key risk factor for the development of colon cancer. Our goal in this study was to explore the metabolic networks and molecular signaling pathways linking obesity, adipose tissue and colon cancer. Using in-vivo experiments, we found that mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and injected with MC38 colon cancer cells develop significantly larger tumors than their counterparts fed a control diet. In ex-vivo experiments, MC38 and CT26 colon cancer cells exposed to conditioned media (CM) from the adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice demonstrated significantly lower oxygen consumption rate as well as lower maximal oxygen consumption rate after carbonyl cyanide-4-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone treatment. In addition, in-vitro assays showed downregulated expression of mitochondrial genes in colon cancer cells exposed to CM prepared from the visceral fat of HFD-fed mice or to leptin. Interestingly, leptin levels detected in the media of adipose tissue explants co-cultured with MC38 cancer cells were higher than in adipose tissue explants cultures, indicating cross talk between the adipose tissue and the cancer cells. Salient findings of the present study demonstrate that this crosstalk is mediated at least partially by the JNK/STAT3-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Nimri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Janan Saadi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Irena Peri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Yehuda-Shnaidman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Zhuang H, Wang X, Zha D, Gan Z, Cai F, Du P, Yang Y, Yang B, Zhang X, Yao C, Zhou Y, Jiang C, Guan S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Jiang W, Hu Q, Hua ZC. FADD is a key regulator of lipid metabolism. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:895-918. [PMID: 27357657 PMCID: PMC4967943 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
FADD, a classical apoptotic signaling adaptor, was recently reported to have non‐apoptotic functions. Here, we report the discovery that FADD regulates lipid metabolism. PPAR‐α is a dietary lipid sensor, whose activation results in hypolipidemic effects. We show that FADD interacts with RIP140, which is a corepressor for PPAR‐α, and FADD phosphorylation‐mimic mutation (FADD‐D) or FADD deficiency abolishes RIP140‐mediated transcriptional repression, leading to the activation of PPAR‐α. FADD‐D‐mutant mice exhibit significantly decreased adipose tissue mass and triglyceride accumulation. Also, they exhibit increased energy expenditure with enhanced fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes due to the activation of PPAR‐α. Similar metabolic phenotypes, such as reduced fat formation, insulin resistance, and resistance to HFD‐induced obesity, are shown in adipose‐specific FADD knockout mice. Additionally, FADD‐D mutation can reverse the severe genetic obesity phenotype of ob/ob mice, with elevated fatty acid oxidation and oxygen consumption in adipose tissue, improved insulin resistance, and decreased triglyceride storage. We conclude that FADD is a master regulator of glucose and fat metabolism with potential applications for treatment of insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueshi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daolong Zha
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Gan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunwen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingya Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chizhou Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengwen Guan
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China
| | - Xuerui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China
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63
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Roles of the interorgan neuronal network in the development of metabolic syndrome. Diabetol Int 2016; 7:205-211. [PMID: 30603265 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-016-0277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic processes in different tissues and remote organs are under coordinated systemic regulation, allowing adaptation to a variety of external circumstances. Neuronal signals as well as humoral factors, such as nutrients, growth factors, and hormones, have attracted increasing attention for their roles in this interorgan metabolic network, responsible for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis at the whole-body level. These interorgan communications within an organism are considered to be diverse and, in fact, we identified previously unknown neuronal relay systems originating in the liver which modulate energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, when nutrient overload is prolonged, these neuronal mechanisms, which function as an endogenous defense system against obesity development, contribute to the pathophysiological states of metabolic syndrome characterized by obesity-associated features. Therefore, these interorgan neuronal systems are considered to be possible molecular targets for treating metabolic syndrome. We herein review the precise mechanisms underlying the functions of the mammalian interorgan neuronal network, especially the pathways from the liver to several other organs, focusing on their significance and roles in the development of metabolic syndrome.
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64
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Gnoni A, Giudetti AM. Dietary long-chain unsaturated fatty acids acutely and differently reduce the activities of lipogenic enzymes and of citrate carrier in rat liver. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:485-94. [PMID: 27312217 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The activities of lipogenic enzymes appear to fluctuate with changes in the level and type of dietary fats. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to induce on hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) the highest inhibitory effect, which occurs through a long-term adaptation. Data on the acute effects of dietary fatty acids on DNL are lacking. In this study with rats, the acute 1-day effect of high-fat (15 % w/w) diets (HFDs) enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), i.e., monounsaturated (MUFA) and PUFA, of the ω-6 and ω-3 series on DNL and plasma lipid level was investigated; a comparison with a longer time feeding (21 days) was routinely carried out. After 1-day HFD administration UFA, when compared to SFA, reduced plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) level and the activities of the lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), a decreased activity of the citrate carrier (CIC), a mitochondrial protein linked to lipogenesis, was also detected. In this respect, ω-3 PUFA was the most effective. On the other hand, PUFA maintained the effects at longer times, and the acute inhibition induced by MUFA feeding on DNL enzyme and CIC activities was almost nullified at 21 days. Mitochondrial fatty acid composition was slightly but significantly changed both at short- and long-term treatment, whereas the early changes in mitochondrial phospholipid composition vanished in long-term experiments. Our results suggest that in the early phase of administration, UFA coordinately reduced both the activities of de novo lipogenic enzymes and of CIC. ω-3 PUFA showed the greatest effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gnoni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna M Giudetti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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65
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Kusminski CM, Chen S, Ye R, Sun K, Wang QA, Spurgin SB, Sanders PE, Brozinick JT, Geldenhuys WJ, Li WH, Unger RH, Scherer PE. MitoNEET-Parkin Effects in Pancreatic α- and β-Cells, Cellular Survival, and Intrainsular Cross Talk. Diabetes 2016; 65:1534-55. [PMID: 26895793 PMCID: PMC5310214 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism plays an integral role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in β-cells. In addition, the diabetogenic role of glucagon released from α-cells plays a major role in the etiology of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes because unopposed hyperglucagonemia is a pertinent contributor to diabetic hyperglycemia. Titrating expression levels of the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET is a powerful approach to fine-tune mitochondrial capacity of cells. Mechanistically, β-cell-specific mitoNEET induction causes hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to activation of a Parkin-dependent mitophagic pathway, leading to the formation of vacuoles and uniquely structured mitophagosomes. Induction of mitoNEET in α-cells leads to fasting-induced hypoglycemia and hypersecretion of insulin during GSIS. MitoNEET-challenged α-cells exert potent antiapoptotic effects on β-cells and prevent cellular dysfunction associated with mitoNEET overexpression in β-cells. These observations identify that reduced mitochondrial function in α-cells exerts potently protective effects on β-cells, preserving β-cell viability and mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Risheng Ye
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kai Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Stephen B Spurgin
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Phillip E Sanders
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Wen-Hong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Roger H Unger
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Guo J, Tao H, Cao Y, Ho CT, Jin S, Huang Q. Prevention of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes with Aged Citrus Peel (Chenpi) Extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2053-61. [PMID: 26912037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chenpi is the dry peel of the plant Citrus reticulata Blanco after an aging processing. It has been used as an antidigestive and anti-inflammatory traditional medicine, as well as culinary seasoning and dietary supplement, in China. However, its efficacy and underlying scientific mechanism have not been sufficiently investigated. Chenpi is uniquely enriched with a high content of 5-demethylated polymethoxyflavones (5-OH PMFs). The effect of chenpi extract on improving metabolic features was examined using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity/diabetes mouse model. Oral administration of 0.25 and 0.5% chenpi extract in food over 15 weeks markedly prevented HFD-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and diabetic symptoms. The beneficial effect is associated with 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in adipose tissue. Our results indicate that 5-OH PMFs-enriched chenpi extract is effective in preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes, and its effect might be related to improvement in lipid metabolism associated with activation of the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Guo
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Hanlin Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yong Cao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Shengkang Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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Wang SP, Gao YL, Liu G, Deng D, Chen RJ, Zhang YZ, Li LL, Wen QQ, Hou YQ, Feng ZM, Guo ZH. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of the energy homeostasis-associated gene in piglet. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 16:524-32. [PMID: 26055914 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The energy homeostasis-associated (Enho) gene encodes a secreted protein, adropin, which regulates the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes and adipose tissue peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, a major regulator of lipogenesis. In the present study, the porcine (Sus scrofa) homologue of the Enho gene, which was named pEnho, was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using oligonucleotide primers derived from in silico sequences. The gene sequence was submitted into the GenBank of NCBI, and the access number is GQ414763. The pEnho encodes a protein of 76 amino acids which shows 75% similarity to Homo sapiens adropin. The expression profile of pEnho in tissues (liver, muscle, anterior jejunum, posterior jejunum, and ileum) was determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. pEnho was localized on porcine chromosome 10 and no introns were found. In conclusion, pEnho was cloned and analysed with the aim of increasing knowledge about glucose and lipid metabolism in piglets and helping to promote the health and growth of piglets through adropin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-ping Wang
- Research Center of Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Hunan Engineering & Research Center of Animal & Poultry Science, Key Lab Agro-ecology Processing Subtropical Region, Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China; Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; Fujian Aonong Biotechnology Corporation, Xiamen 361007, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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68
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Lack of phosphatidylethanolamine N -methyltransferase in mice does not promote fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:119-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Catabolism of Branched Chain Amino Acids Contributes Significantly to Synthesis of Odd-Chain and Even-Chain Fatty Acids in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145850. [PMID: 26710334 PMCID: PMC4692509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The branched chain amino acids (BCAA) valine, leucine and isoleucine have been implicated in a number of diseases including obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, although the mechanisms are still poorly understood. Adipose tissue plays an important role in BCAA homeostasis by actively metabolizing circulating BCAA. In this work, we have investigated the link between BCAA catabolism and fatty acid synthesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using parallel 13C-labeling experiments, mass spectrometry and model-based isotopomer data analysis. Specifically, we performed parallel labeling experiments with four fully 13C-labeled tracers, [U-13C]valine, [U-13C]leucine, [U-13C]isoleucine and [U-13C]glutamine. We measured mass isotopomer distributions of fatty acids and intracellular metabolites by GC-MS and analyzed the data using the isotopomer spectral analysis (ISA) framework. We demonstrate that 3T3-L1 adipocytes accumulate significant amounts of even chain length (C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0) and odd chain length (C15:0 and C17:0) fatty acids under standard cell culture conditions. Using a novel GC-MS method, we demonstrate that propionyl-CoA acts as the primer on fatty acid synthase for the production of odd chain fatty acids. BCAA contributed significantly to the production of all fatty acids. Leucine and isoleucine contributed at least 25% to lipogenic acetyl-CoA pool, and valine and isoleucine contributed 100% to lipogenic propionyl-CoA pool. Our results further suggest that low activity of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and mass action kinetics of propionyl-CoA on fatty acid synthase result in high rates of odd chain fatty acid synthesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Overall, this work provides important new insights into the connection between BCAA catabolism and fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes and underscores the high capacity of adipocytes for metabolizing BCAA.
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70
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Ashmore T, Roberts LD, Morash AJ, Kotwica AO, Finnerty J, West JA, Murfitt SA, Fernandez BO, Branco C, Cowburn AS, Clarke K, Johnson RS, Feelisch M, Griffin JL, Murray AJ. Nitrate enhances skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation via a nitric oxide-cGMP-PPAR-mediated mechanism. BMC Biol 2015; 13:110. [PMID: 26694920 PMCID: PMC4688964 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle is associated with metabolic flexibility, including a high capacity to increase fatty acid (FA) oxidation in response to increased lipid supply. Lipid overload, however, can result in incomplete FA oxidation and accumulation of potentially harmful intermediates where mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle capacity cannot keep pace with rates of β-oxidation. Enhancement of muscle FA oxidation in combination with mitochondrial biogenesis is therefore emerging as a strategy to treat metabolic disease. Dietary inorganic nitrate was recently shown to reverse aspects of the metabolic syndrome in rodents by as yet incompletely defined mechanisms. RESULTS Herein, we report that nitrate enhances skeletal muscle FA oxidation in rodents in a dose-dependent manner. We show that nitrate induces FA oxidation through a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cGMP-mediated PPARβ/δ- and PPARα-dependent mechanism. Enhanced PPARβ/δ and PPARα expression and DNA binding induces expression of FA oxidation enzymes, increasing muscle carnitine and lowering tissue malonyl-CoA concentrations, thereby supporting intra-mitochondrial pathways of FA oxidation and enhancing mitochondrial respiration. At higher doses, nitrate induces mitochondrial biogenesis, further increasing FA oxidation and lowering long-chain FA concentrations. Meanwhile, nitrate did not affect mitochondrial FA oxidation in PPARα(-/-) mice. In C2C12 myotubes, nitrate increased expression of the PPARα targets Cpt1b, Acadl, Hadh and Ucp3, and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation rates with palmitoyl-carnitine; however, these changes in gene expression and respiration were prevented by inhibition of either sGC or protein kinase G. Elevation of cGMP, via the inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 by sildenafil, also increased expression of Cpt1b, Acadl and Ucp3, as well as CPT1B protein levels, and further enhanced the effect of nitrate supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Nitrate may therefore be effective in the treatment of metabolic disease by inducing FA oxidation in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Ashmore
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lee D Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC-Human Nutrition Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea J Morash
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Aleksandra O Kotwica
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - John Finnerty
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - James A West
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven A Murfitt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cristina Branco
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Andrew S Cowburn
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Randall S Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC-Human Nutrition Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
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Kim YI, Mohri S, Hirai S, Lin S, Goto T, Ohyane C, Sakamoto T, Takahashi H, Shibata D, Takahashi N, Kawada T. Tomato extract suppresses the production of proinflammatory mediators induced by interaction between adipocytes and macrophages. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:82-7. [PMID: 25603813 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.962472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Obese adipose tissue is characterized by enhanced macrophage infiltration. A loop involving monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) between adipocytes and macrophages establishes a vicious cycle that augments inflammatory changes and insulin resistance in obese adipose tissue. Tomatoes, one of the most popular crops worldwide, contain many beneficial phytochemicals that improve obesity-related diseases such as diabetes. Some of them have also been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we focused on the potential protective effects of phytochemicals in tomatoes on inflammation. We screened fractions of tomato extract using nitric oxide (NO) assay in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264 macrophages. One fraction, RF52, significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264 macrophages. Furthermore, RF52 significantly decreased MCP-1 and TNFα productions. The coculture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264 macrophages markedly enhanced MCP-1, TNFα, and NO productions compared with the control cultures; however, the treatment with RF52 inhibited the production of these proinflammatory mediators. These results suggest that RF52 from tomatoes may have the potential to suppress inflammation by inhibiting the production of NO or proinflammatory cytokines during the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-il Kim
- a Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto , Japan
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Xiang L, Mittwede PN, Clemmer JS. Glucose Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Alterations in Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1815-39. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nishio N, Isobe KI. GADD34-deficient mice develop obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic carcinoma and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13519. [PMID: 26316333 PMCID: PMC4551985 DOI: 10.1038/srep13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in parallel with the prevalence of obesity. DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34/Ppp1r15a), originally isolated from UV-inducible transcripts in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, dephosphorylates several kinases that function in important signaling cascades, including dephosphorylation of eIF2α. We examined the effects of GADD34 on natural life span by using GADD34-deficient mice. Here we observed for the first time that with age GADD34-deficient mice become obese, developing fatty liver followed by liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and insulin resistance. We found that myofibroblasts and immune cells infiltrated the portal veins of aged GADD34-deficient mouse livers. A high-fat diet (HFD) induced a higher level of steatosis in young GADD34-deficient mice compared with WT mice. Differentiation into fat is dependent on insulin signaling. Insulin signaling in young GADD34-deficient mice was higher than that in WT mice, which explained the higher fat differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) observed in GADD34-deficient mice. Through aging or a HFD, insulin signaling in GADD34-deficient liver converted to be down regulated compared with WT mice. We found that a HFD or palmitate treatment converted insulin signaling by up-regulating TNF-α and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Nishio
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550
| | - Ken-ichi Isobe
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya woman's university, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-0003 Japan
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74
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Jheng HF, Huang SH, Kuo HM, Hughes MW, Tsai YS. Molecular insight and pharmacological approaches targeting mitochondrial dynamics in skeletal muscle during obesity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1350:82-94. [PMID: 26301786 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-associated insulin resistance is the major characteristic of the early stage of metabolic syndrome. A decline in mitochondrial function plays a role in the development of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Accumulating data reveal that mitochondrial dynamics, the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, are an important factor in the maintenance of mitochondrial function. Thus, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in obesity deserve further investigation. This review describes an overview of mitochondrial fusion and fission machineries, and discusses the mechanistic and functional aspects of mitochondrial dynamics, with a focus on skeletal muscle in obesity. Finally, we discuss current pharmacological approaches of targeting mitochondrial dynamics. Elucidating the role of mitochondrial dynamics in skeletal muscle afflicted by obesity may provide not only important clues in understanding muscle insulin resistance, but also new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael W Hughes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine.,International Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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75
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Quines CB, Rosa SG, Chagas PM, da Rocha JT, Dobrachinski F, Carvalho NR, Soares FA, da Luz SCA, Nogueira CW. Homeostatic effect of p-chloro-diphenyl diselenide on glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function alterations induced by monosodium glutamate administration to rats. Amino Acids 2015; 48:137-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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76
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Uno K, Yamada T, Ishigaki Y, Imai J, Hasegawa Y, Sawada S, Kaneko K, Ono H, Asano T, Oka Y, Katagiri H. A hepatic amino acid/mTOR/S6K-dependent signalling pathway modulates systemic lipid metabolism via neuronal signals. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7940. [PMID: 26268630 PMCID: PMC4557134 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is coordinated among tissues and organs via neuronal signals. Levels of circulating amino acids (AAs), which are elevated in obesity, activate the intracellular target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1)/S6kinase (S6K) pathway in the liver. Here we demonstrate that hepatic AA/mTORC1/S6K signalling modulates systemic lipid metabolism via a mechanism involving neuronal inter-tissue communication. Hepatic expression of an AA transporter, SNAT2, activates the mTORC1/S6K pathway, and markedly elevates serum triglycerides (TGs), while downregulating adipose lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Hepatic Rheb or active-S6K expression have similar metabolic effects, whereas hepatic expression of dominant-negative-S6K inhibits TG elevation in SNAT2 mice. Denervation, pharmacological deafferentation and β-blocker administration suppress obesity-related hypertriglyceridemia with adipose LPL upregulation, suggesting that signals are transduced between liver and adipose tissue via a neuronal pathway consisting of afferent vagal and efferent sympathetic nerves. Thus, the neuronal mechanism uncovered here serves to coordinate amino acid and lipid levels and contributes to the development of obesity-related hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Uno
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Junta Imai
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hasegawa
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keizo Kaneko
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiraku Ono
- The Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Oka
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Katagiri
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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77
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Wicks SE, Nguyen TT, Breaux C, Kruger C, Stadler K. Diet-induced obesity and kidney disease - In search of a susceptible mouse model. Biochimie 2015; 124:65-73. [PMID: 26248309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are independent risk factors for chronic kidney disease, even without diabetes or hyperglycemia. Here, we compare two mouse models that are susceptible to diet-induced obesity: the relatively renal injury resistant C57BL/6J strain and the DBA2/J strain which is more sensitive to renal injury. Our studies focused on characterizing the effects of high fat diet feeding on renal oxidative stress, albuminuria, fibrosis and podocyte loss/insulin resistance. While the C57BL/6J strain does not develop significant pathological changes in the kidney, at least on lard based diets within the time frame investigated, it does show increased renal iNOS and nitrotyrosine levels and elevated mitochondrial respiration which may be indicative of mitochondrial lipid overfueling. Restricting the high fat diet to decrease adiposity decreased the levels of cellular oxidative stress markers, indicating that adiposity-related proinflammatory changes such as increased iNOS levels may trigger similar responses in the kidney. Mitochondrial respiration remained higher, suggesting that eating excess lipids, despite normal adiposity may still lead to renal mitochondrial overfueling. In comparison, DBA/2J mice developed albuminuria on similar diets, signs of fibrosis, oxidative stress, early signs of podocyte loss (evaluated by the markers podocin and WT-1) and podocyte insulin resistance (unable to phosphorylate their glomerular Akt when insulin was given). To summarize, while the C57BL/6J strain is not particularly susceptible to renal disease, changes in its mitochondrial lipid handling combined with the easy availability of transgenic technology may be an advantage to design new knockout models related to mitochondrial lipid metabolism. The DBA/2J model could serve as a basis for studying podocyte insulin resistance and identifying early renal markers in obesity before more severe kidney disease develops. Based on our observations, we encourage further critical evaluation of mouse models for obesity related chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna E Wicks
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Trang-Tiffany Nguyen
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Chelsea Breaux
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Claudia Kruger
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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78
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Kien CL, Bunn JY, Fukagawa NK, Anathy V, Matthews DE, Crain KI, Ebenstein DB, Tarleton EK, Pratley RE, Poynter ME. Lipidomic evidence that lowering the typical dietary palmitate to oleate ratio in humans decreases the leukocyte production of proinflammatory cytokines and muscle expression of redox-sensitive genes. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1599-606. [PMID: 26324406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that lowering the high, habitual palmitic acid (PA) intake in ovulating women improved insulin sensitivity and both inflammatory and oxidative stress. In vitro studies indicate that PA can activate both cell membrane toll-like receptor-4 and the intracellular nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein (NLRP3). To gain further insight into the relevance to human metabolic disease of dietary PA, we studied healthy, lean and obese adults enrolled in a randomized, crossover trial comparing 3-week, high-PA (HPA) and low-PA/high-oleic-acid (HOA) diets. After each diet, both hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivities were measured, and we assessed cytokine concentrations in plasma and in supernatants derived from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as proinflammatory gene expression in skeletal muscle. Insulin sensitivity was unaffected by diet. Plasma concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α was higher during the HPA diet. Lowering the habitually high PA intake by feeding the HOA diet resulted in lower secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α by PBMCs, as well as lower relative mRNA expression of cJun and NLRP3 in muscle. Principal components analysis of 156 total variables coupled to analysis of covariance indicated that the mechanistic pathway for the differential dietary effects on PBMCs involved changes in the PA/OA ratio of tissue lipids. Our results indicate that lowering the dietary and tissue lipid PA/OA ratio resulted in lower leukocyte production of proinflammatory cytokines and muscle expression of redox-sensitive genes, but the relevance to diabetes risk is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lawrence Kien
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
| | - Janice Y Bunn
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Dwight E Matthews
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Karen I Crain
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | - Emily K Tarleton
- College of Medicine Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Richard E Pratley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL
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79
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An W, Zhang Z, Zeng L, Yang Y, Zhu X, Wu J. Cyclin Y Is Involved in the Regulation of Adipogenesis and Lipid Production. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132721. [PMID: 26161966 PMCID: PMC4498623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A new member of the cyclin family cyclin Y (CCNY) is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes. In this study, the role of CCNY in energy metabolism was characterized. We found that compared with wild-type (WT) mice, Ccny knockout (KO) mice had both lower body weight and lower fat content. The Ccny KO mice also had a higher metabolic rate, resisted the stress of a high-fat diet, and were sensitive to calorie restriction. The expression levels of UCP1 and PGC1α were significantly higher in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of the Ccny KO mice than that of the WT littermate controls, whereas there was no significant difference in BAT weight between the WT and the Ccny KO mice. In addition, the down-regulation of Ccny resulted in suppression of white adipocyte differentiation both in vivo and in vitro, while the expression of Ccny was up-regulated by C/EBPα. Furthermore, both hepatocytes and HepG2 cells that were depleted of Ccny were insensitive to insulin stimulation, consistent with the significant inhibition of insulin sensitivity in the liver of the Ccny KO mice, but no significant changes in WAT and muscle, indicating that CCNY is involved in regulating the hepatic insulin signaling pathway. The hepatic insulin resistance generated by Ccny depletion resulted in down-regulation of the sterol-regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). Together, these results provide a new link between CCNY and lipid metabolism in mice, and suggest that inhibition of CCNY may offer a therapeutic approach to obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei An
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liyong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- * E-mail:
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80
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Kien CL, Matthews DE, Poynter ME, Bunn JY, Fukagawa NK, Crain KI, Ebenstein DB, Tarleton EK, Stevens RD, Koves TR, Muoio DM. Increased palmitate intake: higher acylcarnitine concentrations without impaired progression of β-oxidation. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1795-807. [PMID: 26156077 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m060137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is associated with higher blood concentrations of medium-chain acylcarnitines (MCACs), and we hypothesized that PA may inhibit progression of FA β-oxidation. Using a cross-over design, 17 adults were fed high PA (HPA) and low PA/high oleic acid (HOA) diets, each for 3 weeks. The [1-(13)C]PA and [13-(13)C]PA tracers were administered with food in random order with each diet, and we assessed PA oxidation (PA OX) and serum AC concentration to determine whether a higher PA intake promoted incomplete PA OX. Dietary PA was completely oxidized during the HOA diet, but only about 40% was oxidized during the HPA diet. The [13-(13)C]PA/[1-(13)C]PA ratio of PA OX had an approximate value of 1.0 for either diet, but the ratio of the serum concentrations of MCACs to long-chain ACs (LCACs) was significantly higher during the HPA diet. Thus, direct measurement of PA OX did not confirm that the HPA diet caused incomplete PA OX, despite the modest, but statistically significant, increase in the ratio of MCACs to LCACs in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lawrence Kien
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Dwight E Matthews
- Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | - Janice Y Bunn
- Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | | | | | - Emily K Tarleton
- College of Medicine Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Robert D Stevens
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
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81
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Propst M, Colvin C, Griffin RL, Sunil B, Harmon CM, Yannam G, Johnson JE, Smith CB, Lucas AP, Diaz BT, Ashraf AP. DIABETES AND PREDIABETES ARE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN MORBIDLY OBESE CHILDREN COMPARED WITH OBESE CHILDREN. Endocr Pract 2015; 21:1046-53. [PMID: 26121438 DOI: 10.4158/ep14414.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of comorbidities in obese and morbidly obese children with a comparison between the 2 sets of children. METHODS This was a retrospective electronic chart review of obese and morbidly obese children and adolescents as defined by body mass index. We evaluated medical history of comorbid conditions, medication use, and cardiovascular risk markers, including blood pressure, lipid profile, and glycosylated hemoglobin. RESULTS There were 1,111 subjects (African American = 635; non-Hispanic white = 364; Hispanic = 36; others = 86), of which 274 were obese and 837 were morbidly obese children with a mean age of 12.7 ± 3.37 years. Morbidly obese children had a higher prevalence of prediabetes (19.5% of obese versus 27.3% of morbidly obese; P<.0001) and type 2 diabetes (39.8% of obese versus 52.4% of morbidly obese; P<.0001). Use of medications for treatment of asthma was significantly higher in the morbidly obese group compared with the obese group (21% versus 14%; P = .01). CONCLUSION Morbidly obese children have a higher prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, and use of asthma medications compared with obese children.
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82
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Constitutive activities of estrogen-related receptors: Transcriptional regulation of metabolism by the ERR pathways in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1912-27. [PMID: 26115970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) comprise a small group of orphan nuclear receptor transcription factors. The ERRα and ERRγ isoforms play a central role in the regulation of metabolic genes and cellular energy metabolism. Although less is known about ERRβ, recent studies have revealed the importance of this isoform in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Thus, ERRs are essential to many biological processes. The development of several ERR knockout and overexpression models and the application of advanced functional genomics have allowed rapid advancement of our understanding of the physiology regulated by ERR pathways. Moreover, it has enabled us to begin to delineate the distinct programs regulated by ERRα and ERRγ that have overlapping effects on metabolism and growth. The current review primarily focuses on the physiologic roles of ERR isoforms related to their metabolic regulation; therefore, the ERRα and ERRγ are discussed in the greatest detail. We emphasize findings from gain- and loss-of-function models developed to characterize ERR control of skeletal muscle, heart and musculoskeletal physiology. These models have revealed that coordinating metabolic capacity with energy demand is essential for seemingly disparate processes such as muscle differentiation and hypertrophy, innate immune function, thermogenesis, and bone remodeling. Furthermore, the models have revealed that ERRα- and ERRγ-deficiency in mice accelerates progression of pathologic processes and implicates ERRs as etiologic factors in disease. We highlight the human diseases in which ERRs and their downstream metabolic pathways are perturbed, including heart failure and diabetes. While no natural ligand has been identified for any of the ERR isoforms, the potential for using synthetic small molecules to modulate their activity has been demonstrated. Based on our current understanding of their transcriptional mechanisms and physiologic relevance, the ERRs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for treatment of osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, insulin resistance and heart failure in humans.
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83
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Shikonin protects against obesity through the modulation of adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and β-oxidation in vivo. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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84
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Brestoff JR, Artis D. Immune regulation of metabolic homeostasis in health and disease. Cell 2015; 161:146-160. [PMID: 25815992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasingly prevalent disease worldwide. While genetic and environmental factors are known to regulate the development of obesity and associated metabolic diseases, emerging studies indicate that innate and adaptive immune cell responses in adipose tissue have critical roles in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. In the lean state, type 2 cytokine-associated immune cell responses predominate in white adipose tissue and protect against weight gain and insulin resistance through direct effects on adipocytes and elicitation of beige adipose. In obesity, these metabolically beneficial immune pathways become dysregulated, and adipocytes and other factors initiate metabolically deleterious type 1 inflammation that impairs glucose metabolism. This review discusses our current understanding of the functions of different types of adipose tissue and how immune cells regulate adipocyte function and metabolic homeostasis in the context of health and disease and highlights. We also highlight the potential of targeting immuno-metabolic pathways as a therapeutic strategy to treat obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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85
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Li Z, Wang Y, Sun KK, Wang K, Sun ZS, Zhao M, Wang J. Sex-related difference in food-anticipatory activity of mice. Horm Behav 2015; 70:38-46. [PMID: 25736535 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The expression of food-anticipatory activity (FAA) is induced by restricted feeding (RF), and its entrainment requires food-entrainable oscillators, the neuroanatomical basis of which is currently unclear. Although RF impacts various hormones, sex-related differences in FAA are unclear. 'Here, we report significantly more food-anticipatory wheel-running activity in male than in female mice during RF. In parallel with the sex-related difference in FAA, male and female mice display different food intake and body weight in response to RF. Since gonadal hormones could be involved in the sex-specific difference in FAA, we compared sham and gonadectomized male and female wild-type mice. In gonadectomized mice, the sex difference in FAA was abolished, indicating a role for gonadal hormones in FAA. Further, plasma concentrations of the hormone ghrelin were higher in female than in male mice during ad libitum (AL) feeding, and RF induced a temporal advance in its peak in both sexes. RF also shifted the expression peak of the circadian gene mPer1 in the hippocampus and liver, although no sex difference was found in either the level or the cyclic phase of its expression. Per1(Brdm1) mutant mice were still sexually dimorphic for FAA, but diminished FAA was noted in both male and female Per2(Brdm1) mutant mice. In summary, our results imply that gonadal hormones contribute to the sex difference in FAA, possibly through modulating ghrelin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Kangli Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhong Sheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Mei Zhao
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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86
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Kurek K, Mikłosz A, Łukaszuk B, Chabowski A, Górski J, Żendzian-Piotrowska M. Inhibition of Ceramide De Novo Synthesis Ameliorates Diet Induced Skeletal Muscles Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:154762. [PMID: 26380311 PMCID: PMC4562089 DOI: 10.1155/2015/154762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays wrong nutritional habits and lack of physical activity give a rich soil for the development of insulin resistance and obesity. Many researches indicate lipids, especially the one from the sphingolipids class, as the group of molecules heavily implicated in the progress of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Recently, scientists have focused their scrutiny on myriocin, a potent chemical compound that inhibits ceramide (i.e., central hub of sphingolipids signaling pathway) de novo synthesis. In the present research we evaluated the effects of myriocin application on type 2 diabetes mellitus in three different types of skeletal muscles: (1) slow-oxidative (red gastrocnemius), (2) oxidative-glycolytic (soleus), and (3) glycolytic (white gastrocnemius). For these reasons the animals were randomly divided into four groups: "control" (C), "myriocin" (M), "high fat diet" (HFD), "high fat diet" (HFD), and "high fat diet + myriocin" (HFD + M). Our in vivo study demonstrated that ceramide synthesis inhibition reduces intramuscular ceramide, its precursor sphinganine, and its derivatives sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate concentrations. Moreover, FFA and TG contents were also decreased after myriocin treatment. Thus, myriocin presents potential therapeutic perspectives with respect to the treatment of insulin resistance and its serious consequences in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kurek
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Mickiewicza Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
- *Krzysztof Kurek:
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Mickiewicza Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Mickiewicza Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Mickiewicza Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Jan Górski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Mickiewicza Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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87
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Gogna N, Krishna M, Oommen AM, Dorai K. Investigating correlations in the altered metabolic profiles of obese and diabetic subjects in a South Indian Asian population using an NMR-based metabolomic approach. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 11:595-606. [PMID: 25464928 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that obesity/high body mass index (BMI) plays a key role in the evolution of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the exact mechanism underlying its contribution is still not fully understood. This work focuses on an NMR-based metabolomic investigation of the serum profiles of diabetic, obese South Indian Asian subjects. (1)H 1D and 2D NMR experiments were performed to profile the altered metabolic patterns of obese diabetic subjects and multivariate statistical methods were used to identify metabolites that contributed significantly to the differences in the samples of four different subject groups: diabetic and non-diabetic with low and high BMIs. Our analysis revealed that the T2DM-high BMI group has higher concentrations of saturated fatty acids, certain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, lysine, proline, threonine, valine, glutamine, phenylalanine, histidine), lactic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, choline, 3,7-dimethyluric acid, pantothenic acid, myoinositol, sorbitol, glycerol, and glucose, as compared to the non-diabetic-low BMI (control) group. Of these 19 identified significant metabolites, the levels of saturated fatty acids, lactate, valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine are also higher in obese non-diabetic subjects as compared to control subjects, implying that this set of metabolites could be identified as potential biomarkers for the onset of diabetes in subjects with a high BMI. Our work validates the utility of NMR-based metabolomics in conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis to provide insights into the underlying metabolic pathways that are perturbed in diabetic subjects with a high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Gogna
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City Sector 81, Mohali PO Manauli, 140306 Punjab, India.
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88
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Tao H, Zhang Y, Zeng X, Shulman GI, Jin S. Niclosamide ethanolamine-induced mild mitochondrial uncoupling improves diabetic symptoms in mice. Nat Med 2014; 20:1263-9. [PMID: 25282357 PMCID: PMC4299950 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached an epidemic level globally. Most current treatments ameliorate the hyperglycemic symptom of the disease but are not effective in correcting its underlying cause. One important causal factor of T2D is ectopic accumulation of lipids in metabolically sensitive organs such as liver and muscle. Mitochondrial uncoupling, which reduces cellular energy efficiency and increases lipid oxidation, is an appealing therapeutic strategy. The challenge, however, is to discover safe mitochondrial uncouplers for practical use. Niclosamide is an anthelmintic drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration that uncouples the mitochondria of parasitic worms. Here we show that niclosamide ethanolamine salt (NEN) uncouples mammalian mitochondria at upper nanomolar concentrations. Oral NEN increases energy expenditure and lipid metabolism in mice. It is also efficacious in preventing and treating hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet. Moreover, it improves glycemic control and delays disease progression in db/db mice. Given the well-documented safety profile of NEN, our study provides a potentially new and practical pharmacological approach for treating T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xiangang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Research Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shengkan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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89
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Park J, Yoon YS, Han HS, Kim YH, Ogawa Y, Park KG, Lee CH, Kim ST, Koo SH. SIK2 is critical in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and adipogenesis in vivo. Diabetes 2014; 63:3659-73. [PMID: 24898145 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP promotes chronic expression of target genes mainly by protein kinase A-dependent activation of CREB transcription factor machineries in the metabolic tissues. Here, we wanted to elaborate whether CREB-regulated transcription factor (CRTC)2 and its negative regulator salt-inducible kinase (SIK)2 are involved in the transcriptional control of the metabolic pathway in adipocytes. SIK2 knockout (SIK2 KO) mice exhibited higher blood glucose levels that were associated with impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Hypertriglyceridemia was apparent in SIK2 KO mice, mainly due to the increased lipolysis from white adipocytes and the decreased fatty acid uptake in the peripheral tissues. Investigation of white adipocytes revealed the increases in fat cell size and macrophage infiltration, which could be linked to the metabolic anomaly that is associated in these mice. Interestingly, SIK2 KO promoted the enhancement in the CRTC2-CREB transcriptional pathway in white adipocytes. SIK2 KO mice displayed increased expression of activating transcription factor (ATF)3 and subsequent downregulation of GLUT4 expression and reduction in high-molecular weight adiponectin levels in the plasma, leading to the reduced glucose uptake in the muscle and white adipocytes. The effect of SIK2-dependent regulation of adipocyte metabolism was further confirmed by in vitro cell cultures of 3T3 L1 adipocytes and the differentiated preadipocytes from the SIK2 or CRTC2 KO mice. Collectively, these data suggest that SIK2 is critical in regulating whole-body glucose metabolism primarily by controlling the CRTC2-CREB function of the white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Young-Sil Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Sook Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong-Tae Kim
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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90
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Feuer SK, Donjacour A, Simbulan RK, Lin W, Liu X, Maltepe E, Rinaudo PF. Sexually dimorphic effect of in vitro fertilization (IVF) on adult mouse fat and liver metabolomes. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4554-67. [PMID: 25211591 PMCID: PMC4197990 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The preimplantation embryo is particularly vulnerable to environmental perturbation, such that nutritional and in vitro stresses restricted exclusively to this stage may alter growth and affect long-term metabolic health. This is particularly relevant to the over 5 million children conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF). We previously reported that even optimized IVF conditions reprogram mouse postnatal growth, fat deposition, and glucose homeostasis in a sexually dimorphic fashion. To more clearly interrogate the metabolic changes associated with IVF in adulthood, we used nontargeted mass spectrometry to globally profile adult IVF- and in vivo-conceived liver and gonadal adipose tissues. There was a sex- and tissue-specific effect of IVF on adult metabolite signatures indicative of metabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress and reflective of the observed phenotypes. Additionally, we observed a striking effect of IVF on adult sexual dimorphism. Male-female differences in metabolite concentration were exaggerated in hepatic IVF tissue and significantly reduced in IVF adipose tissue, with the majority of changes affecting amino acid and lipid metabolites. We also observed female-specific changes in markers of oxidative stress and adipogenesis, including reduced glutathione, cysteine glutathione disulfide, ophthalmate, urate, and corticosterone. In summary, embryo manipulation and early developmental experiences can affect adult patterns of sexual dimorphism and metabolic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sky K Feuer
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (S.K.F., A.D., R.K.S., W.L., X.L., P.F.R.) and Pediatrics (E.M.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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91
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Feng B, Jiao P, Helou Y, Li Y, He Q, Walters MS, Salomon A, Xu H. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP-3)-deficient mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity. Diabetes 2014; 63:2924-34. [PMID: 24722245 PMCID: PMC4141371 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP-3) is a negative regulator of extracellular signal-related kinase signaling. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that MKP-3 plays an important role in obesity-related hyperglycemia by promoting hepatic glucose output. This study shows that MKP-3 deficiency attenuates body weight gain induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and protects mice from developing obesity-related hepatosteatosis. Triglyceride (TG) contents are dramatically decreased in the liver of MKP-3(-/-) mice fed an HFD compared with wild-type (WT) controls. The absence of MKP-3 also reduces adiposity, possibly by repressing adipocyte differentiation. In addition, MKP-3(-/-) mice display increased energy expenditure, enhanced peripheral glucose disposal, and improved systemic insulin sensitivity. We performed global phosphoproteomic studies to search for downstream mediators of MKP-3 action in liver lipid metabolism. Our results revealed that MKP-3 deficiency increases the phosphorylation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 on serine 393 by 3.3-fold and HDAC2 on serine 394 by 2.33-fold. Activities of HDAC1 and 2 are increased in the livers of MKP-3(-/-) mice fed an HFD. Reduction of HDAC1/2 activities is sufficient to restore TG content of MKP-3(-/-) primary hepatocytes to a level similar to that in WT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Ping Jiao
- Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ynes Helou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Yujie Li
- Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Qin He
- Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Matthew S Walters
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Arthur Salomon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI Pathobiology Program, Brown University, Providence, RI
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92
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Yan J, Zhang H, Yin Y, Li J, Tang Y, Purkayastha S, Li L, Cai D. Obesity- and aging-induced excess of central transforming growth factor-β potentiates diabetic development via an RNA stress response. Nat Med 2014; 20:1001-8. [PMID: 25086906 PMCID: PMC4167789 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain, in particular the hypothalamus, plays a role in regulating glucose homeostasis; however, it remains unclear whether this organ is causally and etiologically involved in the development of diabetes. Here, we found that hypothalamic transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production is excessive under conditions of not only obesity but also aging, which are two general etiological factors of type 2 diabetes. Pharmacological and genetic approaches revealed that central TGF-β excess caused hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance independent of a change in body weight. Further, using cell-specific genetic analyses in vivo, we found that astrocytes and proopiomelanocortin neurons are responsible for the production and prodiabetic effect of central TGF-β, respectively. Mechanistically, TGF-β excess induced a hypothalamic RNA stress response, resulting in accelerated mRNA decay of IκBα, an inhibitor of proinflammatory nuclear factor-κB. These results reveal an atypical, mRNA metabolism-driven hypothalamic nuclear factor-κB activation, a mechanism that links obesity as well as aging to hypothalamic inflammation and ultimately to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Yan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Ye Yin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Juxue Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Yizhe Tang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Sudarshana Purkayastha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Lianxi Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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93
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Lee JH, Lee GY, Jang H, Choe SS, Koo SH, Kim JB. Ring finger protein20 regulates hepatic lipid metabolism through protein kinase A-dependent sterol regulatory element binding protein1c degradation. Hepatology 2014; 60:844-57. [PMID: 24425205 PMCID: PMC4258077 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sterol regulatory element binding protein1c (SREBP1c) is a key transcription factor for de novo lipogenesis during the postprandial state. During nutritional deprivation, hepatic SREBP1c is rapidly suppressed by fasting signals to prevent lipogenic pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms that control SREBP1c turnover in response to fasting status are not thoroughly understood. To elucidate which factors are involved in the inactivation of SREBP1c, we attempted to identify SREBP1c-interacting proteins by mass spectrometry analysis. Since we observed that ring finger protein20 (RNF20) ubiquitin ligase was identified as one of SREBP1c-interacting proteins, we hypothesized that fasting signaling would promote SREBP1c degradation in an RNF20-dependent manner. In this work, we demonstrate that RNF20 physically interacts with SREBP1c, leading to degradation of SREBP1c via ubiquitination. In accordance with these findings, RNF20 represses the transcriptional activity of SREBP1c and turns off the expression of lipogenic genes that are targets of SREBP1c. In contrast, knockdown of RNF20 stimulates the expression of SREBP1c and lipogenic genes and induces lipogenic activity in primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, activation of protein kinase A (PKA) with glucagon or forskolin enhances the expression of RNF20 and potentiates the ubiquitination of SREBP1c via RNF20. In wild-type and db/db mice, adenoviral overexpression of RNF20 markedly suppresses FASN promoter activity and reduces the level of hepatic triglycerides, accompanied by a decrease in the hepatic lipogenic program. Here, we reveal that RNF20-induced SREBP1c ubiquitination down-regulates hepatic lipogenic activity upon PKA activation. CONCLUSION RNF20 acts as a negative regulator of hepatic fatty acid metabolism through degradation of SREBP1c upon PKA activation. Knowledge regarding this process enhances our understanding of how SREBP1c is able to turn off hepatic lipid metabolism during nutritional deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Gha Young Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Hagoon Jang
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
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94
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Sohal RS, Forster MJ. Caloric restriction and the aging process: a critique. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:366-82. [PMID: 24941891 PMCID: PMC4111977 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this review is to provide an appraisal of the current status of the relationship between energy intake and the life span of animals. The concept that a reduction in food intake, or caloric restriction (CR), retards the aging process, delays the age-associated decline in physiological fitness, and extends the life span of organisms of diverse phylogenetic groups is one of the leading paradigms in gerontology. However, emerging evidence disputes some of the primary tenets of this conception. One disparity is that the CR-related increase in longevity is not universal and may not even be shared among different strains of the same species. A further misgiving is that the control animals, fed ad libitum (AL), become overweight and prone to early onset of diseases and death, and thus may not be the ideal control animals for studies concerned with comparisons of longevity. Reexamination of body weight and longevity data from a study involving over 60,000 mice and rats, conducted by a National Institute on Aging-sponsored project, suggests that CR-related increase in life span of specific genotypes is directly related to the gain in body weight under the AL feeding regimen. Additionally, CR in mammals and "dietary restriction" in organisms such as Drosophila are dissimilar phenomena, albeit they are often presented to be the very same. The latter involves a reduction in yeast rather than caloric intake, which is inconsistent with the notion of a common, conserved mechanism of CR action in different species. Although specific mechanisms by which CR affects longevity are not well understood, existing evidence supports the view that CR increases the life span of those particular genotypes that develop energy imbalance owing to AL feeding. In such groups, CR lowers body temperature, rate of metabolism, and oxidant production and retards the age-related pro-oxidizing shift in the redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajindar S Sohal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Michael J Forster
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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95
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Park S, Hwang IW, Makishima Y, Perales-Clemente E, Kato T, Niederländer NJ, Park EY, Terzic A. Spot14/Mig12 heterocomplex sequesters polymerization and restrains catalytic function of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2. J Mol Recognit 2014; 26:679-88. [PMID: 24277613 PMCID: PMC4283044 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) is an isoform of ACC functioning as a negative regulator of fatty acid β-oxidation. Spot14, a thyroid hormone responsive protein, and Mig12, a Spot14 paralog, have recently been identified as regulators of fatty acid synthesis targeting ACC1, a distinctive subtype of ACC. Here, we examined whether Spot14/Mig12 modulates ACC2. Nanoscale protein topography mapped putative protein-protein interactions between purified human Spot14/Mig12 and ACC2, validated by functional assays. Human ACC2 displayed consistent enzymatic activity, and homogeneous particle distribution was probed by atomic force microscopy. Citrate-induced polymerization and enzymatic activity of ACC2 were restrained by the addition of the recombinant Spot14/Mig12 heterocomplex but only partially by the oligo-heterocomplex, demonstrating that the heterocomplex is a designated metabolic inhibitor of human ACC2. Moreover, Spot14/Mig12 demonstrated a sequestering role preventing an initial ACC2 nucleation step during filamentous polymer formation. Thus, the Spot14/Mig12 heterocomplex controls human ACC2 polymerization and catalytic function, emerging as a previously unrecognized molecular regulator in catalytic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjo Park
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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96
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Park SW, Herrema H, Salazar M, Cakir I, Cabi S, Basibuyuk Sahin F, Chiu YH, Cantley LC, Ozcan U. BRD7 regulates XBP1s' activity and glucose homeostasis through its interaction with the regulatory subunits of PI3K. Cell Metab 2014; 20:73-84. [PMID: 24836559 PMCID: PMC4079724 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) is a member of the bromodomain-containing protein family that is known to play a role as tumor suppressors. Here, we show that BRD7 is a component of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling through its ability to regulate X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) nuclear translocation. BRD7 interacts with the regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and increases the nuclear translocation of both p85α and p85β and the spliced form of XBP1 (XBP1s). Deficiency of BRD7 blocks the nuclear translocation of XBP1s. Furthermore, our in vivo studies have shown that BRD7 protein levels are reduced in the liver of obese mice, and reinstating BRD7 levels in the liver restores XBP1s nuclear translocation, improves glucose homeostasis, and ultimately reduces the blood glucose levels in the obese and diabetic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Park
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mario Salazar
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isin Cakir
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Serkan Cabi
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fatma Basibuyuk Sahin
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Hsin Chiu
- Department of System Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Department of System Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Umut Ozcan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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97
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García-Arevalo M, Alonso-Magdalena P, Rebelo Dos Santos J, Quesada I, Carneiro EM, Nadal A. Exposure to bisphenol-A during pregnancy partially mimics the effects of a high-fat diet altering glucose homeostasis and gene expression in adult male mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100214. [PMID: 24959901 PMCID: PMC4069068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the most widespread EDCs used as a base compound in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics. The aim of our research has been to study how the exposure to BPA during pregnancy affects weight, glucose homeostasis, pancreatic β-cell function and gene expression in the major peripheral organs that control energy flux: white adipose tissue (WAT), the liver and skeletal muscle, in male offspring 17 and 28 weeks old. Pregnant mice were treated with a subcutaneous injection of 10 µg/kg/day of BPA or a vehicle from day 9 to 16 of pregnancy. One month old offspring were divided into four different groups: vehicle treated mice that ate a normal chow diet (Control group); BPA treated mice that also ate a normal chow diet (BPA); vehicle treated animals that had a high fat diet (HFD) and BPA treated animals that were fed HFD (HFD-BPA). The BPA group started to gain weight at 18 weeks old and caught up to the HFD group before week 28. The BPA group as well as the HFD and HFD-BPA ones presented fasting hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and high levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in plasma compared with the Control one. Glucose stimulated insulin release was disrupted, particularly in the HFD-BPA group. In WAT, the mRNA expression of the genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, Srebpc1, Pparα and Cpt1β was decreased by BPA to the same extent as with the HFD treatment. BPA treatment upregulated Pparγ and Prkaa1 genes in the liver; yet it diminished the expression of Cd36. Hepatic triglyceride levels were increased in all groups compared to control. In conclusion, male offspring from BPA-treated mothers presented symptoms of diabesity. This term refers to a form of diabetes which typically develops in later life and is associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García-Arevalo
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Junia Rebelo Dos Santos
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
- Departamento de Biologia Estructural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Everardo M. Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Estructural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the longitudinal association of overweight/obesity with age-related cataract. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed and Embase from their inception until June 2013 for prospective data on body mass index categories identical or similar to the World Health Organization-recommended classifications of body weight and age-related cataract including nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models with results reported as adjusted relative risks (RRs). RESULTS A total of 163,013 subjects aged 40 to 84 years from six prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Obesity was associated with an increasing risk of nuclear cataract (pooled RR, 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.25), cortical cataract (pooled RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.66), and PSC cataract (pooled RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.77). Overweight was only associated with an increasing risk of PSC cataract (pooled RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.40). CONCLUSIONS The longitudinal associations of obesity with incident age-related cataract are confirmed by the findings in this six-study meta-analysis. The association of obesity with PSC cataract is stronger than that with nuclear or cortical cataract. Randomized control trials are warranted to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of weight reduction in obese populations to decrease the risk of age-related cataract.
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99
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Su Q, Baker C, Christian P, Naples M, Tong X, Zhang K, Santha M, Adeli K. Hepatic mitochondrial and ER stress induced by defective PPARα signaling in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1264-73. [PMID: 24735884 PMCID: PMC4280162 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00438.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates a close interplay between disturbances in mitochondrial function and ER homeostasis in the development of the metabolic syndrome. The present investigation sought to advance our understanding of the communication between mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in the onset of hepatic steatosis in male rodents with defective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) signaling. Genetic depletion of PPARα or perturbation of PPARα signaling by high-fructose diet compromised the functional activity of metabolic enzymes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and induced hepatic mitochondrial stress in rats and mice. Inhibition of PPARα activity further enhanced the expression of apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA and protein, which was associated with reduced mRNA expression of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), the induction of hepatic ER stress, and hepatic steatosis. Restoration of PPARα activity recovered the metabolic function of the mitochondria and ER, alleviated systemic hypertriglyceridemia, and improved hepatic steatosis. These findings unveil novel roles for PPARα in mediating stress signals between hepatic subcellular stress-responding machinery and in the onset of hepatic steatosis under conditions of metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhu Su
- Program of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Chris Baker
- Program of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Christian
- Program of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Naples
- Program of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuedong Tong
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | | | - Miklos Santha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Program of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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100
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Feuer SK, Liu X, Donjacour A, Lin W, Simbulan RK, Giritharan G, Piane LD, Kolahi K, Ameri K, Maltepe E, Rinaudo PF. Use of a mouse in vitro fertilization model to understand the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1956-69. [PMID: 24684304 PMCID: PMC3990843 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis holds that alterations to homeostasis during critical periods of development can predispose individuals to adult-onset chronic diseases such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It remains controversial whether preimplantation embryo manipulation, clinically used to treat patients with infertility, disturbs homeostasis and affects long-term growth and metabolism. To address this controversy, we have assessed the effects of in vitro fertilization (IVF) on postnatal physiology in mice. We demonstrate that IVF and embryo culture, even under conditions considered optimal for mouse embryo culture, alter postnatal growth trajectory, fat accumulation, and glucose metabolism in adult mice. Unbiased metabolic profiling in serum and microarray analysis of pancreatic islets and insulin sensitive tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue) revealed broad changes in metabolic homeostasis, characterized by systemic oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Adopting a candidate approach, we identify thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a key molecule involved in integrating cellular nutritional and oxidative states with metabolic response, as a marker for preimplantation stress and demonstrate tissue-specific epigenetic and transcriptional TXNIP misregulation in selected adult tissues. Importantly, dysregulation of TXNIP expression is associated with enrichment for H4 acetylation at the Txnip promoter that persists from the blastocyst stage through adulthood in adipose tissue. Our data support the vulnerability of preimplantation embryos to environmental disturbance and demonstrate that conception by IVF can reprogram metabolic homeostasis through metabolic, transcriptional, and epigenetic mechanisms with lasting effects for adult growth and fitness. This study has wide clinical relevance and underscores the importance of continued follow-up of IVF-conceived offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sky K Feuer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (S.K.F., X.L., A.D., W.L., R.K.S., G.G., L.D.P., K.K., P.F.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (K.A., E.M.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; Nevada Center for Reproductive Medicine (G.G.), Reno, Nevada 89511; Obstetric and Gynecology Department (L.D.P.), University of Turin, Turin, Italy; and Oregon Health & Science University (K.K.), Portland, Oregon 97239
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