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Spore Powder of Paecilomyces hepiali Shapes Gut Microbiota to Relieve Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142973. [PMID: 35889929 PMCID: PMC9323605 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Paecilomyces hepiali, a fungal strain isolated from natural Ophiocordyceps sinensis, contains similar pharmacologically active components, has been used widely as a substitute of O. sinensis in functional food and medicine. However, the components and anti-fatigue effects of P.hepiali spores and their mechanisms of action are largely unknown. Here, we compared the chemical composition in P.hepiali spore (HPS) and mycelium (HPM) by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. We found 85 metabolites with significant differences, and HPS contains more L-Malic acid, Oxalacetic acid, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, and L-Arginine than HPM. Then we evaluated their anti-fatigue effects and regulatory effects on the gut microbiota in mice. The forced swimming time (SW) was only significantly increased in HPS groups: the high and low dose of the HPS group was 101% and 72% longer than the control group, respectively. Both HPS and HPM treatment decreased lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatine kinase while increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the blood. Moreover, mice treated with HPS and HPM showed less skeletal muscle fiber spacing and breakage. The relative abundance of Alistips, Eubacterium, Bacterium, Parasutterella, and Olsenella in the gut microbiota of the HPS group was higher than that in the HPM group through 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. These changes may be related to the regulation of nucleotide, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Correlation analysis between the gut microbiota and fatigue-related indicators suggested that Alistips, Clostridium, Akkermansia, Olsenella, and Lactobacillus were positively correlated with the SW and LDH content. Our findings demonstrated that HPS has beneficial anti-fatigue effects by regulating gut microbiota.
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The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Skeletal Muscle Development and Fat Deposition in Pigs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060793. [PMID: 35740199 PMCID: PMC9220283 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pork quality is a factor increasingly considered in consumer preferences for pork. The formation mechanisms determining meat quality are complicated, including endogenous and exogenous factors. Despite a lot of research on meat quality, unexpected variation in meat quality is still a major problem in the meat industry. Currently, gut microbiota and their metabolites have attracted increased attention in the animal breeding industry, and recent research demonstrated their significance in muscle fiber development and fat deposition. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research on the effects of gut microbiota on pig muscle and fat deposition. The factors affecting gut microbiota composition will also be discussed, including host genetics, dietary composition, antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics. We provide an overall understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and meat quality in pigs, and how manipulation of gut microbiota may contribute to increasing pork quality for human consumption.
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Giron M, Thomas M, Dardevet D, Chassard C, Savary-Auzeloux I. Gut microbes and muscle function: can probiotics make our muscles stronger? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1460-1476. [PMID: 35278043 PMCID: PMC9178375 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that gut microbiota composition and diversity can be a determinant of skeletal muscle metabolism and functionality. This is true in catabolic (sarcopenia and cachexia) or anabolic (exercise or in athletes) situations. As gut microbiota is known to be causal in the development and worsening of metabolic dysregulation phenotypes such as obesity or insulin resistance, it can regulate, at least partially, skeletal muscle mass and function. Skeletal muscles are physiologically far from the gut. Signals generated by the gut due to its interaction with the gut microbiome (microbial metabolites, gut peptides, lipopolysaccharides, and interleukins) constitute links between gut microbiota activity and skeletal muscle and regulate muscle functionality via modulation of systemic/tissue inflammation as well as insulin sensitivity. The probiotics able to limit sarcopenia and cachexia or promote health performances in rodents are mainly lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. In humans, the same bacteria have been tested, but the scarcity of the studies, the variability of the populations, and the difficulty to measure accurately and with high reproducibility muscle mass and function have not allowed to highlight specific strains able to optimize muscle mass and function. Further studies are required on more defined population, in order to design personalized nutrition. For elderly, testing the efficiency of probiotics according to the degree of frailty, nutritional state, or degree of sarcopenia before supplementation is essential. For exercise, selection of probiotics capable to be efficient in recreational and/or elite athletes, resistance, and/or endurance exercise would also require further attention. Ultimately, a combination of strategies capable to optimize muscle functionality, including bacteria (new microbes, bacterial ecosystems, or mix, more prone to colonize a specific gut ecosystem) associated with prebiotics and other 'traditional' supplements known to stimulate muscle anabolism (e.g. proteins), could be the best way to preserve muscle functionality in healthy individuals at all ages or patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Giron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRAE UMR0545, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Fromage, Aurillac, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Xu T, Yang D, Liu K, Gao Q, Liu Z, Li G. Miya Improves Osteoarthritis Characteristics via the Gut-Muscle-Joint Axis According to Multi-Omics Analyses. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816891. [PMID: 35668932 PMCID: PMC9163738 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gut microbiota is associated with osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Miya (MY) is a product made from Clostridium butyricum, a member of gut microbiota. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of MY on OA and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: An OA rat model was established, and MY was used to treat the rats for 4 weeks. Knee joint samples from the rats were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and fecal samples from the OA and OA+MY groups were subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis. The contents of succinate dehydrogenase and muscle glycogen in the tibia muscle were determined, and related genes and proteins were detected using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results: Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that treatment with MY alleviated the symptoms of OA. According to the sequencing results, MY significantly increased the Chao1, Shannon, and Pielou evenness values compared to those in the untreated group. At the genus level, the abundances of Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Desulfovibrio, Shigella, Helicobacter, and Streptococcus were higher in the OA group, whereas Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, Clostridium, and Coprococcus were enriched after MY treatment. Metabolomic analysis revealed 395 differentially expressed metabolites. Additionally, MY treatment significantly increased the succinate dehydrogenase and muscle glycogen contents in the muscle caused by OA (p > 0.05). Finally, AMPK, Tfam, Myod, Ldh, Chrna1, Chrnd, Rapsyn, and Agrin were significantly downregulated in the muscles of OA mice, whereas Lcad, Mcad, and IL-1β were upregulated; MY significantly reversed these trends induced by OA. Conclusions: MY may promote the repair of joint damage and protect against OA via the gut-muscle-joint axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuming Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongchen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongchen Liu, ; Guodong Li,
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongchen Liu, ; Guodong Li,
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55
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Li G, Jin B, Fan Z. Mechanisms Involved in Gut Microbiota Regulation of Skeletal Muscle. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2151191. [PMID: 35633886 PMCID: PMC9132697 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2151191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the body and is essential for maintaining quality of life. Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function can lead to a range of adverse consequences. The gut microbiota can interact with skeletal muscle by regulating a variety of processes that affect host physiology, including inflammatory immunity, protein anabolism, energy, lipids, neuromuscular connectivity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and endocrine and insulin resistance. It is proposed that the gut microbiota plays a role in the direction of skeletal muscle mass and work. Even though the notion of the gut microbiota-muscle axis (gut-muscle axis) has been postulated, its causal link is still unknown. The impact of the gut microbiota on skeletal muscle function and quality is described in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Binghui Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhe Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Yeh WL, Hsu YJ, Ho CS, Ho HH, Kuo YW, Tsai SY, Huang CC, Lee MC. Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 Supplementation Combined With Resistance Training Improved Muscle Mass, Force, and Exercise Performance in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:896503. [PMID: 35571912 PMCID: PMC9094439 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.896503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of researchers are investigating the benefits of probiotics in enhancing exercise performance and verifying the role of the gut–muscle axis. In our previous study, Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 improved exercise performance and muscle mass. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether supplementation with PL-02 combined with resistance training has a synergistic effect on exercise performance and muscle mass. All the animals were assigned into four groups (n = 8/group): a sedentary control with normal distilled water group (vehicle, n = 8); PL-02 supplementation group (PL-02, 2.05 × 109 CFU, n = 8); resistance training group (RT, n = 8); PL-02 supplementation combined with resistance training group (PL-02 + RT, 2.05 × 109 CFU, n = 8). Supplementation with PL-02 for four consecutive weeks combined with resistance exercise training significantly improved the grip strength and the maximum number of crawls; increased the time of exhaustive exercise; significantly reduced the time required for a single climb; and reduced the lactate, blood ammonia, creatine kinase, and blood urea nitrogen produced after exercise (p < 0.05). In addition, it produced substantial benefits for increasing muscle mass without causing any physical damage. In summary, our findings confirmed that PL-02 or RT supplementation alone is effective in improving muscle mass and exercise performance and in reducing exercise fatigue, but the combination of the two can achieve increased benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Yeh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Luodong, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shen Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Department of Research and Design, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Department of Research and Design, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yu Tsai
- Department of Research and Design, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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57
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Zheng Y, Chen J, Wang X, Han L, Yang Y, Wang Q, Yu Q. Metagenomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Differences and Associations Between the Gut Microbiome and Muscular Genes in Angus and Chinese Simmental Cattle. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:815915. [PMID: 35495650 PMCID: PMC9048903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.815915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome and heredity are two important factors affecting the intramuscular fat (IMF) of cattle, excluding age, sex, and nutrition. This study aimed at deciphering these two differences by analyzing the gut microbiome and intramuscular differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Angus and Chinese Simmental cattle. Feces and longissimus dorsi were collected from the two groups of animals (n = 20/group) for multiomics analysis. Angus holds a significantly higher diversity than Chinese Simmental, and the relative abundance of Roseburia, Prevotella, Coprococcus, etc., was obviously higher in Angus. Chinese Simmental had higher levels of isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate, although similar levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate were observed for the two groups. The DEGs upregulated in Chinese Simmental were mainly involved in immune and inflammatory responses, while those in Angus were associated with the regulation of muscle system and myofibril. We finally identified 17 species, including Eubacterium rectale, etc., which were positively correlated to muscle and fat metabolism genes (MSTN, MYLPF, TNNT3, and FABP3/4) and illustrate the associations between them. Our study unveils the gut microbial differences and significant DEGs as well as their associations between the two breeds, providing valuable guidance for future mechanism research and development of intervention strategies to improve meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Gansu YaSheng Hiosbon Food Group Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yayuan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Moore JH, Smith KS, Chen D, Lamb DA, Smith MA, Osburn SC, Ruple BA, Morrow CD, Huggins KW, McDonald JR, Brown MD, Young KC, Roberts MD, Frugé AD. Exploring the Effects of Six Weeks of Resistance Training on the Fecal Microbiome of Older Adult Males: Secondary Analysis of a Peanut Protein Supplemented Randomized Controlled Trial. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10050065. [PMID: 35622473 PMCID: PMC9145250 DOI: 10.3390/sports10050065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract contribute to numerous host functions and can be altered by lifestyle factors. We aimed to determine whether a 6-week training intervention altered fecal microbiome diversity and/or function in older males. Fecal samples were collected prior to and following a 6-week twice-weekly supervised resistance training intervention in 14 older Caucasian males (65 ± 10 years, 28.5 ± 3.2 kg/m2) with minimal prior training experience. Participants were randomized to receive a daily defatted peanut powder supplement providing 30 g protein (n = 8) or no supplement (n = 6) during the intervention. Bacterial DNA was isolated from pre-and post-training fecal samples, and taxa were identified using sequencing to amplify the variable region 4 (V4) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Training significantly increased whole-body and lower-body lean mass (determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) as well as leg extensor strength (p < 0.05) with no differences between intervention groups. Overall composition of the microbiome and a priori selected taxa were not significantly altered with training. However, MetaCYC pathway analysis indicated that metabolic capacity of the microbiome to produce mucin increased (p = 0.047); the tight junction protein, zonulin, was measured in serum and non-significantly decreased after training (p = 0.062). Our data suggest that resistance training may improve intestinal barrier integrity in older Caucasian males; further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon H. Moore
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (J.H.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (B.A.R.); (J.R.M.); (M.D.B.); (K.C.Y.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Kristen S. Smith
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.S.); (D.A.L.); (K.W.H.)
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.C.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Donald A. Lamb
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.S.); (D.A.L.); (K.W.H.)
| | - Morgan A. Smith
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (J.H.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (B.A.R.); (J.R.M.); (M.D.B.); (K.C.Y.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Shelby C. Osburn
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (J.H.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (B.A.R.); (J.R.M.); (M.D.B.); (K.C.Y.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Bradley A. Ruple
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (J.H.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (B.A.R.); (J.R.M.); (M.D.B.); (K.C.Y.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.C.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Kevin W. Huggins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.S.); (D.A.L.); (K.W.H.)
| | - James R. McDonald
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (J.H.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (B.A.R.); (J.R.M.); (M.D.B.); (K.C.Y.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Michael D. Brown
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (J.H.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (B.A.R.); (J.R.M.); (M.D.B.); (K.C.Y.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Kaelin C. Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (J.H.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (B.A.R.); (J.R.M.); (M.D.B.); (K.C.Y.); (M.D.R.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Michael D. Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (J.H.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (B.A.R.); (J.R.M.); (M.D.B.); (K.C.Y.); (M.D.R.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Andrew D. Frugé
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.S.); (D.A.L.); (K.W.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Burtscher J, Ticinesi A, Millet GP, Burtscher M, Strasser B. Exercise-microbiota interactions in aging-related sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:775-780. [PMID: 35142446 PMCID: PMC8978000 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Ticinesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub (MRH), University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Parma University-Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Gregoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Strasser
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria.,JPI-HDHL Knowledge Platform on Food, Diet, Intestinal Microbiomics and Human Health, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Martin D, Nay K, Robin F, Rebillard A, Orfila L, Martin B, Leroyer P, Guggenbuhl P, Dufresne S, Noirez P, Ropert M, Loréal O, Derbré F. Oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles deploy protective mechanisms to avoid atrophy under pathophysiological iron overload. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1250-1261. [PMID: 35118832 PMCID: PMC8978014 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron excess has been proposed as an essential factor in skeletal muscle wasting. Studies have reported correlations between muscle iron accumulation and atrophy, either through ageing or by using experimental models of secondary iron overload. However, iron treatments performed in most of these studies induced an extra-pathophysiological iron overload, more representative of intoxication or poisoning. The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of iron excess closer to pathophysiological conditions on structural and metabolic adaptations (i) in differentiated myotubes and (ii) in skeletal muscle exhibiting oxidative (i.e. the soleus) or glycolytic (i.e. the gastrocnemius) metabolic phenotypes. METHODS The impact of iron excess was assessed in both in vitro and in vivo models. Murine differentiated myotubes were exposed to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) (i.e. 10 and 50 μM) for the in vitro component. The in vivo model was achieved by a single iron dextran subcutaneous injection (1 g/kg) in mice. Four months after the injection, soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were harvested for analysis. RESULTS In vitro, iron exposure caused dose-dependent increases of iron storage protein ferritin (P < 0.01) and dose-dependent decreases of mRNA TfR1 levels (P < 0.001), which support cellular adaptations to iron excess. Extra-physiological iron treatment (50 μM FAC) promoted myotube atrophy (P = 0.018), whereas myotube size remained unchanged under pathophysiological treatment (10 μM FAC). FAC treatments, whatever the doses tested, did not affect the expression of proteolytic markers (i.e. NF-κB, MurF1, and ubiquitinated proteins). In vivo, basal iron content and mRNA TfR1 levels were significantly higher in the soleus compared with the gastrocnemius (+130% and +127%; P < 0.001, respectively), supporting higher iron needs in oxidative skeletal muscle. Iron supplementation induced muscle iron accumulation in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles (+79%, P < 0.001 and +34%, P = 0.002, respectively), but ferritin protein expression only increased in the gastrocnemius (+36%, P = 0.06). Despite iron accumulation, muscle weight, fibre diameter, and myosin heavy chain distribution remained unchanged in either skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data support that under pathophysiological conditions, skeletal muscle can protect itself from the related deleterious effects of excess iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martin
- Laboratory 'Movement, Sport and Health Sciences'-EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Kévin Nay
- Laboratory 'Movement, Sport and Health Sciences'-EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France.,Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - François Robin
- INSERM, INRAe, University of Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute (NuMeCan), Platform AEM2, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Amélie Rebillard
- Laboratory 'Movement, Sport and Health Sciences'-EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Luz Orfila
- Laboratory 'Movement, Sport and Health Sciences'-EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Brice Martin
- Laboratory 'Movement, Sport and Health Sciences'-EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Patricia Leroyer
- INSERM, INRAe, University of Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute (NuMeCan), Platform AEM2, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Guggenbuhl
- INSERM, INRAe, University of Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute (NuMeCan), Platform AEM2, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Suzanne Dufresne
- Laboratory 'Movement, Sport and Health Sciences'-EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Philippe Noirez
- IRMES-Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, INSEP, Paris, France.,INSERM S1124, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,EA7507, Performance Health Metrology Society, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, INRAe, University of Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute (NuMeCan), Platform AEM2, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- Laboratory 'Movement, Sport and Health Sciences'-EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
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Oral antibiotics reduce voluntary exercise behavior in athletic mice. Behav Processes 2022; 199:104650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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A new paradigm in sarcopenia: Cognitive impairment caused by imbalanced myokine secretion and vascular dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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The Nutrition-Microbiota-Physical Activity Triad: An Inspiring New Concept for Health and Sports Performance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050924. [PMID: 35267899 PMCID: PMC8912693 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is currently the focus of converging interest in many diseases and sports performance. This review presents gut microbiota as a real “orchestra conductor” in the host’s physio(patho)logy due to its implications in many aspects of health and disease. Reciprocally, gut microbiota composition and activity are influenced by many different factors, such as diet and physical activity. Literature data have shown that macro- and micro-nutrients influence gut microbiota composition. Cumulative data indicate that gut bacteria are sensitive to modulation by physical activity, as shown by studies using training and hypoactivity models. Sports performance studies have also presented interesting and promising results. Therefore, gut microbiota could be considered a “pivotal” organ for health and sports performance, leading to a new concept: the nutrition-microbiota-physical activity triad. The next challenge for the scientific and medical communities is to test this concept in clinical studies. The long-term aim is to find the best combination of the three elements of this triad to optimize treatments, delay disease onset, or enhance sports performance. The many possibilities offered by biotic supplementation and training modalities open different avenues for future research.
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Huang L, Li T, Zhou M, Deng M, Zhang L, Yi L, Zhu J, Zhu X, Mi M. Hypoxia Improves Endurance Performance by Enhancing Short Chain Fatty Acids Production via Gut Microbiota Remodeling. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:820691. [PMID: 35197946 PMCID: PMC8859164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.820691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia environment has been widely used to promote exercise capacity. However, the underlying mechanisms still need to be further elucidated. In this study, mice were exposed to the normoxia environment (21% O2) or hypoxia environment (16.4% O2) for 4 weeks. Hypoxia-induced gut microbiota remodeling characterized by the increased abundance of Akkermansia and Bacteroidetes genera, and their related short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. It was observed that hypoxia markedly improved endurance by significantly prolonging the exhaustive running time, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, and ameliorating exercise fatigue biochemical parameters, including urea nitrogen, creatine kinase, and lactic acid, which were correlated with the concentrations of SCFAs. Additionally, the antibiotics experiment partially inhibited hypoxia-induced mitochondrial synthesis. The microbiota transplantation experiment demonstrated that the enhancement of endurance capacity induced by hypoxia was transferable, indicating that the beneficial effects of hypoxia on exercise performance were partly dependent on the gut microbiota. We further identified that acetate and butyrate, but not propionate, stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and promoted endurance performance. Our results suggested that hypoxia exposure promoted endurance capacity partially by the increased production of SCFAs derived from gut microbiota remodeling.
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Cortiula F, Hendriks LEL, van de Worp WRPH, Schols AMWJ, Vaes RDW, Langen RCJ, De Ruysscher D. Physical exercise at the crossroad between muscle wasting and the immune system: implications for lung cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:55-67. [PMID: 35014216 PMCID: PMC8818640 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a syndrome characterized by involuntary weight loss and wasting of skeletal muscle mass. It is associated with worse overall survival and quality of life. The cancer-induced systemic inflammation and the consequent host derived catabolic stimuli, trigger cachexia by inhibiting muscle protein synthesis and enhancing muscle catabolism. The muscle itself may further promote chronic inflammation, introducing a vicious catabolic circle. Nutritional support alone plays a limited role in the treatment of cancer cachexia and should be combined with other interventions. Physical exercise lowers systemic inflammation and promotes muscle anabolism. It also attenuates the age-related physical decline in elderly and it might counteract the muscle wasting induced by the cancer cachexia syndrome. This review describes how cancer-induced systemic inflammation promotes muscle wasting and whether physical exercise may represent a suitable treatment for cancer-induced cachexia, particularly in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. We summarized pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating whether physical exercise would improve muscle performance and whether this improvement would translate in a clinically meaningful benefit for patients with cancer, in terms of survival and quality of life. Moreover, this review describes the results of studies investigating the interplay between physical exercise and the immune system, including the role of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cortiula
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Lizza E L Hendriks
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter R P H van de Worp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne D W Vaes
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon C J Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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66
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Daily JW, Park S. Sarcopenia Is a Cause and Consequence of Metabolic Dysregulation in Aging Humans: Effects of Gut Dysbiosis, Glucose Dysregulation, Diet and Lifestyle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030338. [PMID: 35159148 PMCID: PMC8834403 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass plays a critical role in a healthy lifespan by helping to regulate glucose homeostasis. As seen in sarcopenia, decreased skeletal muscle mass impairs glucose homeostasis, but it may also be caused by glucose dysregulation. Gut microbiota modulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and various metabolites that affect the host metabolism, including skeletal muscle tissues, and may have a role in the sarcopenia etiology. Here, we aimed to review the relationship between skeletal muscle mass, glucose homeostasis, and gut microbiota, and the effect of consuming probiotics and prebiotics on the development and pathological consequences of sarcopenia in the aging human population. This review includes discussions about the effects of glucose metabolism and gut microbiota on skeletal muscle mass and sarcopenia and the interaction of dietary intake, physical activity, and gut microbiome to influence sarcopenia through modulating the gut–muscle axis. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbiome can regulate both skeletal muscle mass and function, in part through modulating the metabolisms of short-chain fatty acids and branch-chain amino acids that might act directly on muscle in humans or indirectly through the brain and liver. Dietary factors such as fats, proteins, and indigestible carbohydrates and lifestyle interventions such as exercise, smoking, and alcohol intake can both help and hinder the putative gut–muscle axis. The evidence presented in this review suggests that loss of muscle mass and function are not an inevitable consequence of the aging process, and that dietary and lifestyle interventions may prevent or delay sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Daily
- Department of R & D, Daily Manufacturing Inc., Rockwell, 28138 NC, USA;
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5345; Fax: +82-41-548-0670
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67
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Ileal FXR-FGF15/19 signaling activation improves skeletal muscle loss in aged mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 202:111630. [PMID: 35026209 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass, and current therapies for this disease are ineffective. We previously showed that ileal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19) signaling acts as a regulator of gut microbiota to mediate host skeletal muscle. However, the therapeutic potential of this pathway for sarcopenia is unknown. This study showed that ileal FXR-FGF15/19 signaling was downregulated in older men and aged male mice due to changes in the gut microbiota and microbial bile acid metabolism during aging. In addition, the intestine-specific FXR agonist fexaramine increased skeletal muscle mass and improve muscle performance in aged mice. Ileal FXR activation increased skeletal muscle protein synthesis in a FGF15/19-dependent way, indicating that ileal FXR-FGF15/19 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for sarcopenia.
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68
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Bilski J, Pierzchalski P, Szczepanik M, Bonior J, Zoladz JA. Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010160. [PMID: 35011721 PMCID: PMC8750433 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity, quality, and decreased functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity and has a substantial influence on the older adults’ health. Because of the complicated pathophysiology, there are disagreements and challenges in identifying and diagnosing SO. Recently, it has become clear that dysbiosis may play a role in the onset and progression of sarcopenia and SO. Skeletal muscle secretes myokines during contraction, which play an important role in controlling muscle growth, function, and metabolic balance. Myokine dysfunction can cause and aggravate obesity, sarcopenia, and SO. The only ways to prevent and slow the progression of sarcopenia, particularly sarcopenic obesity, are physical activity and correct nutritional support. While exercise cannot completely prevent sarcopenia and age-related loss in muscular function, it can certainly delay development and slow down the rate of sarcopenia. The purpose of this review was to discuss potential pathways to muscle deterioration in obese individuals. We also want to present the current understanding of the role of various factors, including microbiota and myokines, in the process of sarcopenia and SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-421-93-51
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Biology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Jerzy A. Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
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69
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Mankowski RT, Laitano O, Darden D, Kelly L, Munley J, Loftus TJ, Mohr AM, Efron PA, Thomas RM. Sepsis-Induced Myopathy and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis: Mechanistic Links and Therapeutic Targets. Shock 2022; 57:15-23. [PMID: 34726875 PMCID: PMC9373856 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is currently defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The skeletal muscle system is among the host organ systems compromised by sepsis. The resulting neuromuscular dysfunction and impaired regenerative capacity defines sepsis-induced myopathy and manifests as atrophy, loss of strength, and hindered regeneration after injury. These outcomes delay recovery from critical illness and confer increased vulnerability to morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced myopathy, including the potential contribution of peripheral organs, remain largely unexplored. The gut microbiome is an immunological and homeostatic entity that interacts with and controls end-organ function, including the skeletal muscle system. Sepsis induces alterations in the gut microbiota composition, which is globally termed a state of "dysbiosis" for the host compared to baseline microbiota composition. In this review, we critically evaluate existing evidence and potential mechanisms linking sepsis-induced myopathy with gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Orlando Laitano
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Dijoia Darden
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lauren Kelly
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jennifer Munley
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Tyler J. Loftus
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alicia M. Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Philip A. Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ryan M. Thomas
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; University of Florida College of Medicine; Gainesville, FL
- Section of General Surgery, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System; Gainesville, FL
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70
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Endurance Training in Humans Modulates the Bacterial DNA Signature of Skeletal Muscle. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010064. [PMID: 35052744 PMCID: PMC8773292 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the existence of a tissue microbiota, which may regulate the physiological function of tissues in normal and pathological states. To gain insight into the regulation of tissue-borne bacteria in physiological conditions, we quantified and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene in aseptically collected skeletal muscle and blood samples from eight healthy male individuals subjected to six weeks of endurance training. Potential contamination bias was evaluated and the taxa profiles of each tissue were established. We detected bacterial DNA in skeletal muscle and blood, with background noise levels of detected bacterial DNA considerably lower in control versus tissue samples. In both muscle and blood, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most prominent phyla. Endurance training changed the content of resident bacterial DNA in skeletal muscle but not in blood, with Pseudomonas being less abundant, and both Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter being more abundant in muscle after exercise. Our results provide evidence that endurance training specifically remodels the bacterial DNA profile of skeletal muscle in healthy young men. Future investigations may shed light on the physiological impact, if any, of training-induced changes in bacterial DNA in skeletal muscle.
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71
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Chen F, Li Q, Chen Y, Wei Y, Liang J, Song Y, Shi L, Wang J, Mao L, Zhang B, Zhang Z. Association of the gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids with skeletal muscle mass and strength in children. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22109. [PMID: 34941012 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002697rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether the gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are associated with skeletal muscle mass and strength in healthy Chinese children aged 6-9 years. In this study, 412 children were enrolled. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the gut microbiota compositions. Fecal SCFAs were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the total body lean soft tissue mass (TSM), total body fat mass (TBF), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and appendicular fat mass (AFM). TSM/height2 (TSMI), ASM/height2 (ASMI), TSM/weight (TSMR), ASM/weight (ASMR), and the ratio of TSM/TBF and ASM/AFM were calculated. Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured using the Jamar® Plus+ Hand Dynamometer. A multiple regression analysis after adjustment for covariates and multiple test correction showed some operational taxonomic units in partial least squares models identified by Multivariate methods with Unbiased Variable selection analysis such as genera of Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 were positively correlated with at least one measure of TSM, TSMI, ASM, ASMI, and ASMI Z-score (β: 0.103-0.143, pFDR : .008-.032) but negatively correlated with at least one measure of TSMR, TSM/TBF, ASMR, ASM/AFM, and ASMR Z-score (β: -0.185 to 0.124, pFDR = .008-.045). Children with higher fecal butyric acid, acetic acid, and total SCFA levels exhibited higher TSM, ASM, TSMI, ASMI, and ASMI Z-score and lower TSM/TBF, ASM/AFM, TSMR, ASMR, and ASMR Z-score. However, after additional adjustment for TBF or body mass index, only the associations for Faecalitalea and Pyramidobacter still existed. Mediation analysis suggested that total body fat significantly mediated 66.3%-95.3% of the estimated association of microbiota and SCFAs with TSM, ASM, and ASMI Z-score. Our results suggest that the associations of gut microbiota and SCFAs with skeletal muscle quality in children may largely depend upon on total body fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Dietetics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhuan Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linna Shi
- Department of Dietetics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheqing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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72
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Donati Zeppa S, Amatori S, Sisti D, Gervasi M, Agostini D, Piccoli G, Pazienza V, Gobbi P, Rocchi MBL, Sestili P, Stocchi V. Nine weeks of high-intensity indoor cycling training induced changes in the microbiota composition in non-athlete healthy male college students. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:74. [PMID: 34922581 PMCID: PMC8684107 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota constitutes a dynamic microbial system constantly challenged by environmental conditions, including physical exercise. Limited human studies suggest that exercise could play a beneficial role for gut health, increasing microbial diversity, even if the effects of exercise on gut microbial microorganisms depends on its intensity and duration. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nine weeks of high-intensity interval exercise on gut microbiota composition in healthy young adults. Methods The gut microbiota composition of seventeen healthy male college students was analysed before and after nine weeks of high-intensity interval cycling training by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. PERMANOVA for repeated measures was used to test pre-post differences in the relative abundance of all taxonomic levels, and correlations between variations in microbial composition and physical and dietary features were also assessed. Results Physical exercise induced changes in microbiota composition, at all taxonomic levels analysed (phyla: F [1, 32]=3.97, p=0.029; classes: F [1, 32]=3.39, p=0.033, orders: F [1, 32]=3.17, p=0.044, families: F [1, 32]=1.54, p=0.037, genera: F [1, 32]=1.46, p=0.015, species: F [1, 32]=1.38, p=0.007). Conversely, no differences were found between pre and post-training conditions for microbial community richness (Chao1: V=105, p=0.06) or diversity (Shannon index: V=62, p=0.52; Simpson index: V=59, p=0.43). Changes in the relative abundance of eighteen genera were correlated to changes of twenty environmental factors grouped in physical features, sport-related features, and dietary features. Conclusions Nine weeks of high-intensity exercise induced modifications in gut microbiota composition in healthy male college students, shifting the gut microbial population towards a healthier microbiome with benefit to human health in general. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12970-021-00471-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Stefano Amatori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Pietro Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco B L Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
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Nutrition and Physical Activity-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota: Possible Implications for Human Health and Athletic Performance. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123075. [PMID: 34945630 PMCID: PMC8700881 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex heterogeneous microbial community modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Among the external causes, nutrition as well as physical activity appear to be potential drivers of microbial diversity, both at the taxonomic and functional level, likely also influencing endocrine system, and acting as endocrine organ itself. To date, clear-cut data regarding which microbial populations are modified, and by which mechanisms are lacking. Moreover, the relationship between the microbial shifts and the metabolic practical potential of the gut microbiota is still unclear. Further research by longitudinal and well-designed studies is needed to investigate whether microbiome manipulation may be an effective tool for improving human health and, also, performance in athletes, and whether these effects may be then extended to the overall health promotion of general populations. In this review, we evaluate and summarize the current knowledge regarding the interaction and cross-talks among hormonal modifications, physical performance, and microbiota content and function.
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74
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Houttu V, Boulund U, Nicolaou M, Holleboom AG, Grefhorst A, Galenkamp H, van den Born BJ, Zwinderman K, Nieuwdorp M. Physical Activity and Dietary Composition Relate to Differences in Gut Microbial Patterns in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort-The HELIUS Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120858. [PMID: 34940616 PMCID: PMC8707449 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) at recommended levels contributes to the prevention of non-communicable diseases, such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (asCVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since the composition of the gut microbiota is strongly intertwined with dietary intake, the specific effect of exercise on the gut microbiota is not known. Moreover, multiple other factors, such as ethnicity, influence the composition of the gut microbiota, and this may be derived by distinct diet as well as PA patterns. Here we aim to untangle the associations between PA and the gut microbiota in a sample (n = 1334) from the Healthy Life In an Urban Setting (HELIUS) multi-ethnic cohort. The associations of different food groups and gut microbiota were also analyzed. PA was monitored using subjective (n = 1309) and objective (n = 162) methods, and dietary intake was assessed with ethnic-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and the functional composition was generated with the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2). Associations were assessed using multivariable and machine learning models. In this cohort, a distinct gut microbiota composition was associated with meeting the Dutch PA norm as well as with dietary intake, e.g., grains. PA related parameters such as muscle strength and calf circumference correlated with gut microbiota diversity. Furthermore, gut microbial functionality differed between active and sedentary groups. Differential representation of ethnicities in active and sedentary groups in both monitor methods hampered the detection of ethnic-specific effects. In conclusion, both PA and dietary intake were associated with gut microbiota composition in our multi-ethnic cohort. Future studies should further elucidate the role of ethnicity and diet in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Houttu
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.H.); (U.B.); (A.G.H.); (A.G.); (B.-J.v.d.B.)
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrika Boulund
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.H.); (U.B.); (A.G.H.); (A.G.); (B.-J.v.d.B.)
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (H.G.)
| | - Adriaan Georgius Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.H.); (U.B.); (A.G.H.); (A.G.); (B.-J.v.d.B.)
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.H.); (U.B.); (A.G.H.); (A.G.); (B.-J.v.d.B.)
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (H.G.)
| | - Bert-Jan van den Born
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.H.); (U.B.); (A.G.H.); (A.G.); (B.-J.v.d.B.)
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (H.G.)
| | - Koos Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.H.); (U.B.); (A.G.H.); (A.G.); (B.-J.v.d.B.)
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)20-5665-737
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Lv WQ, Lin X, Shen H, Liu HM, Qiu X, Li BY, Shen WD, Ge CL, Lv FY, Shen J, Xiao HM, Deng HW. Human gut microbiome impacts skeletal muscle mass via gut microbial synthesis of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate among healthy menopausal women. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1860-1870. [PMID: 34472211 PMCID: PMC8718076 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that human gut microbiome plays an important role in variation of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). However, specific causal mechanistic relationship of human gut microbiome with SMM remains largely unresolved. Understanding the causal mechanistic relationship may provide a basis for novel interventions for loss of SMM. This study investigated whether human gut microbiome has a causal effect on SMM among Chinese community-dwelling healthy menopausal women. METHODS Estimated SMM was derived from whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We performed integrated analyses on whole-genome sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as well as available host SMM measurements among community-dwelling healthy menopausal women (N = 482). We combined the results with summary statistics from genome-wide association analyses for human gut microbiome (N = 952) and SMM traits (N = 28 330). As a prerequisite for causality, we used a computational protocol that was proposed to measure correlations among gut metagenome, metabolome, and the host trait to investigate the relationship between human gut microbiome and SMM. Causal inference methods were applied to assess the potential causal effects of gut microbial features on SMM, through one-sample and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, respectively. RESULTS In metagenomic association analyses, the increased capacity for gut microbial synthesis of the SCFA butyrate was significantly associated with serum butyrate levels [Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC) = 0.13, P = 0.02] and skeletal muscle index (SCC = 0.084, P = 0.002). Of interest was the finding that two main butyrate-producing bacterial species were both positively associated with the increased capacity for gut microbial synthesis of butyrate [Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (SCC = 0.25, P = 6.6 × 10-7 ) and Butyricimonas virosa (SCC = 0.15, P = 0.001)] and for skeletal muscle index [F. prausnitzii (SCC = 0.16, P = 6.2 × 10-4 ) and B. virosa (SCC = 0.17, P = 2.4 × 10-4 )]. One-sample MR results showed a causal effect between gut microbial synthesis of the SCFA butyrate and appendicular lean mass (β = 0.04, 95% confidence interval 0.029 to 0.051, P = 0.003). Two-sample MR results further confirmed the causal effect between gut microbial synthesis of the SCFA butyrate and appendicular lean mass (β = 0.06, 95% confidence interval 0 to 0.13, P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Our results may help the future development of novel intervention approaches for preventing or alleviating loss of SMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qiang Lv
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Qiu
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo-Yang Li
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Di Shen
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang-Li Ge
- LC-Bio Technologies Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Ye Lv
- LC-Bio Technologies Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Liu C, Cheung W, Li J, Chow SK, Yu J, Wong SH, Ip M, Sung JJY, Wong RMY. Understanding the gut microbiota and sarcopenia: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1393-1407. [PMID: 34523250 PMCID: PMC8718038 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota dysbiosis and sarcopenia commonly occur in the elderly. Although the concept of the gut-muscle axis has been raised, the casual relationship is still unclear. This systematic review analyses the current evidence of gut microbiota effects on muscle/sarcopenia. METHODS A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases using the keywords (microbiota* OR microbiome*) AND (sarcopen* OR muscle). Studies reporting the alterations of gut microbiota and muscle/physical performance were analysed. RESULTS A total of 26 pre-clinical and 10 clinical studies were included. For animal studies, three revealed age-related changes and relationships between gut microbiota and muscle. Three studies focused on muscle characteristics of germ-free mice. Seventy-five per cent of eight faecal microbiota transplantation studies showed that the recipient mice successfully replicated the muscle phenotype of donors. There were positive effects on muscle from seven probiotics, two prebiotics, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Ten studies investigated on other dietary supplements, antibiotics, exercise, and food withdrawal that affected both muscle and gut microbiota. Twelve studies explored the potential mechanisms of the gut-muscle axis. For clinical studies, 6 studies recruited 676 elderly people (72.8 ± 5.6 years, 57.8% female), while 4 studies focused on 244 young adults (29.7 ± 7.8 years, 55.4% female). The associations of gut microbiota and muscle had been shown in four observational studies. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fermented milk, caloric restriction, and exercise in six studies displayed inconsistent effects on muscle mass, function, and gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Altering the gut microbiota through bacteria depletion, faecal transplantation, and various supplements was shown to directly affect muscle phenotypes. Probiotics, prebiotics, SCFAs, and bacterial products are potential novel therapies to enhance muscle mass and physical performance. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains restored age-related muscle loss. Potential mechanisms of microbiome modulating muscle mainly include protein, energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism, inflammation level, neuromuscular junction, and mitochondrial function. The role of the gut microbiota in the development of muscle loss during aging is a crucial area that requires further studies for translation to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Wing‐Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Simon Kwoon‐Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of MicrobiologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Joseph Jao Yiu Sung
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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Qiu Y, Yu J, Li Y, Yang F, Yu H, Xue M, Zhang F, Jiang X, Ji X, Bao Z. Depletion of gut microbiota induces skeletal muscle atrophy by FXR-FGF15/19 signalling. Ann Med 2021; 53:508-522. [PMID: 33783283 PMCID: PMC8018554 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1900593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent evidence indicates that host-gut microbiota crosstalk has nonnegligible effects on host skeletal muscle, yet gut microbiota-regulating mechanisms remain obscure.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were treated with a cocktail of antibiotics (Abx) to depress gut microbiota for 4 weeks. The profiles of gut microbiota and microbial bile acids were measured by 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), respectively. We performed qPCR, western blot and ELISA assays in different tissue samples to evaluate FXR-FGF15/19 signaling.Results: Abx treatment induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. These effects were associated with microbial dysbiosis and aberrant bile acid (BA) metabolism in intestine. Ileal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) signaling was inhibited in response to microbial BA disturbance. Mechanistically, circulating FGF15 was decreased, which downregulated skeletal muscle protein synthesis through the extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. Treating Abx mice with FGF19 (human FGF15 ortholog) partly reversed skeletal muscle loss.Conclusions: These findings indicate that the BA-FXR-FGF15/19 axis acts as a regulator of gut microbiota to mediate host skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Qiu
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaming Yu
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyuan Yu
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjuan Xue
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Ji
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hughes RL, Holscher HD. Fueling Gut Microbes: A Review of the Interaction between Diet, Exercise, and the Gut Microbiota in Athletes. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2190-2215. [PMID: 34229348 PMCID: PMC8634498 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The athlete's goal is to optimize their performance. Towards this end, nutrition has been used to improve the health of athletes' brains, bones, muscles, and cardiovascular system. However, recent research suggests that the gut and its resident microbiota may also play a role in athlete health and performance. Therefore, athletes should consider dietary strategies in the context of their potential effects on the gut microbiota, including the impact of sports-centric dietary strategies (e.g., protein supplements, carbohydrate loading) on the gut microbiota as well as the effects of gut-centric dietary strategies (e.g., probiotics, prebiotics) on performance. This review provides an overview of the interaction between diet, exercise, and the gut microbiota, focusing on dietary strategies that may impact both the gut microbiota and athletic performance. Current evidence suggests that the gut microbiota could, in theory, contribute to the effects of dietary intake on athletic performance by influencing microbial metabolite production, gastrointestinal physiology, and immune modulation. Common dietary strategies such as high protein and simple carbohydrate intake, low fiber intake, and food avoidance may adversely impact the gut microbiota and, in turn, performance. Conversely, intake of adequate dietary fiber, a variety of protein sources, and emphasis on unsaturated fats, especially omega-3 (ɷ-3) fatty acids, in addition to consumption of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics, have shown promising results in optimizing athlete health and performance. Ultimately, while this is an emerging and promising area of research, more studies are needed that incorporate, control, and manipulate all 3 of these elements (i.e., diet, exercise, and gut microbiome) to provide recommendations for athletes on how to "fuel their microbes."
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley L Hughes
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Pasiakos SM, Karl JP, Margolis LM. Challenging traditional carbohydrate intake recommendations for optimizing performance at high altitude. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2021; 24:483-489. [PMID: 34284412 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight emerging evidence challenging traditional recommendations to increase carbohydrate intake to optimize performance at high altitude. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies have now clearly demonstrated that, compared with sea level, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during aerobic exercise is blunted in lowlanders during initial exposure to high altitude. There is also no apparent ergogenic effect of ingesting carbohydrate during aerobic exercise on subsequent performance at high altitude, either initially after arriving or even after up to 22 days of acclimatization. The inability to oxidize and functionally benefit from exogenous carbohydrate intake during exercise after arriving at high altitude coincides with hyperinsulinemia, accelerated glycogenolysis, and reduced peripheral glucose uptake. Collectively, these responses are consistent with a hypoxia-mediated metabolic dysregulation reflective of insulin resistance. Parallel lines of evidence have also recently demonstrated roles for the gut microbiome in host metabolism, bioenergetics, and physiologic responses to high altitude, implicating the gut microbiome as one potential mediator of hypoxia-mediated metabolic dysregulation. SUMMARY Identification of novel and well tolerated nutrition and/or pharmacological approaches for alleviating hypoxia-mediated metabolic dysregulation and enhancing exogenous carbohydrate oxidation may be more effective for optimizing performance of lowlanders newly arrived at high altitude than traditional carbohydrate recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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Does Physical Inactivity Induce Significant Changes in Human Gut Microbiota? New Answers Using the Dry Immersion Hypoactivity Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113865. [PMID: 34836120 PMCID: PMC8620432 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, a major contributor to human health, is influenced by physical activity and diet, and displays a functional cross-talk with skeletal muscle. Conversely, few data are available on the impact of hypoactivity, although sedentary lifestyles are widespread and associated with negative health and socio-economic impacts. The study aim was to determine the effect of Dry Immersion (DI), a severe hypoactivity model, on the human gut microbiota composition. Stool samples were collected from 14 healthy men before and after 5 days of DI to determine the gut microbiota taxonomic profiles by 16S metagenomic sequencing in strictly controlled dietary conditions. The α and β diversities indices were unchanged. However, the operational taxonomic units associated with the Clostridiales order and the Lachnospiraceae family, belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, were significantly increased after DI. Propionate, a short-chain fatty acid metabolized by skeletal muscle, was significantly reduced in post-DI stool samples. The finding that intestine bacteria are sensitive to hypoactivity raises questions about their impact and role in chronic sedentary lifestyles.
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Prokopidis K, Chambers E, Ni Lochlainn M, Witard OC. Mechanisms Linking the Gut-Muscle Axis With Muscle Protein Metabolism and Anabolic Resistance: Implications for Older Adults at Risk of Sarcopenia. Front Physiol 2021; 12:770455. [PMID: 34764887 PMCID: PMC8576575 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.770455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function-termed sarcopenia-as mediated, in part, by muscle anabolic resistance. This metabolic phenomenon describes the impaired response of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) to the provision of dietary amino acids and practice of resistance-based exercise. Recent observations highlight the gut-muscle axis as a physiological target for combatting anabolic resistance and reducing risk of sarcopenia. Experimental studies, primarily conducted in animal models of aging, suggest a mechanistic link between the gut microbiota and muscle atrophy, mediated via the modulation of systemic amino acid availability and low-grade inflammation that are both physiological factors known to underpin anabolic resistance. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate the action of specific gut bacteria (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) to increase systemic amino acid availability and elicit an anti-inflammatory response in the intestinal lumen. Prospective lifestyle approaches that target the gut-muscle axis have recently been examined in the context of mitigating sarcopenia risk. These approaches include increasing dietary fiber intake that promotes the growth and development of gut bacteria, thus enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) (acetate, propionate, and butyrate). Prebiotic/probiotic/symbiotic supplementation also generates SCFA and may mitigate low-grade inflammation in older adults via modulation of the gut microbiota. Preliminary evidence also highlights the role of exercise in increasing the production of SCFA. Accordingly, lifestyle approaches that combine diets rich in fiber and probiotic supplementation with exercise training may serve to produce SCFA and increase microbial diversity, and thus may target the gut-muscle axis in mitigating anabolic resistance in older adults. Future mechanistic studies are warranted to establish the direct physiological action of distinct gut microbiota phenotypes on amino acid utilization and the postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Chambers
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Ni Lochlainn
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver C. Witard
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Shao T, Verma HK, Pande B, Costanzo V, Ye W, Cai Y, Bhaskar LVKS. Physical Activity and Nutritional Influence on Immune Function: An Important Strategy to Improve Immunity and Health Status. Front Physiol 2021; 12:751374. [PMID: 34690818 PMCID: PMC8531728 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.751374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and nutrition are the essential components of a healthy lifestyle, as they can influence energy balance, promote functional ability of various systems and improve immunity. Infections and their associated symptoms are the common and frequent challenges to human health that are causing severe economic and social consequences around the world. During aging, human immune system undergoes dramatic aging-related changes/dysfunctions known as immunosenescence. Clinically, immunosenescence refers to the gradual deterioration of immune system that increases exposure to infections, and reduces vaccine efficacy. Such phenomenon is linked to impaired immune responses that lead to dysfunction of multiple organs, while lack of physical activity, progressive loss of muscle mass, and concomitant decline in muscle strength facilitate immunosenescence and inflammation. In the present review, we have discussed the role of nutrition and PA, which can boost the immune system alone and synergistically. Evidence suggests that long-term PA is beneficial in improving immune system and preventing various infections. We have further discussed several nutritional strategies for improving the immune system. Unfortunately, the available evidence shows conflicting results. In terms of interaction with food intake, PA does not tend to increase energy intake during a short time course. However, overcoming nutritional deficiencies appears to be the most practical recommendation. Through the balanced nutritious diet intake one can fulfill the bodily requirement of optimal nutrition that significantly impacts the immune system. Supplementation of a single nutrient as food is generally not advisable. Rather incorporating various fruits and vegetables, whole grains, proteins and probiotics may ensure adequate nutrient intake. Therefore, multi-nutrient supplements may benefit people having deficiency in spite of sufficient diet. Along with PA, supplementation of probiotics, bovine colostrum, plant-derived products and functional foods may provide additional benefits in improving the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Shao
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of lungs Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Babita Pande
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, India
| | - Vincenzo Costanzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Weibing Ye
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuyan Cai
- Department of Physical Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - L V K S Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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Osada Y, Nakagawa S, Ishibe K, Takao S, Shimazaki A, Itohara K, Imai S, Yonezawa A, Nakagawa T, Matsubara K. Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion alters renal glucose metabolism and exacerbates renal injury after ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F455-F465. [PMID: 34423680 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00111.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the impact of antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion (AIMD) on host glucose homeostasis. The kidney has a critical role in systemic glucose homeostasis; however, information regarding the association between AIMD and renal glucose metabolism remains limited. Hence, we aimed to determine the effects of AIMD on renal glucose metabolism by inducing gut microbiome depletion using an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) composed of ampicillin, vancomycin, and levofloxacin in mice. The results showed that bacterial 16s rRNA expression, luminal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, and plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in ABX-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. In addition, ABX treatment significantly reduced renal glucose and pyruvate levels. mRNA expression levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the renal cortex were significantly higher in ABX-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. We further examined the impact of AIMD on the altered metabolic status in mice after ischemia-induced kidney injury. After exposure to ischemia for 60 min, renal pyruvate concentrations were significantly lower in ABX-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. ABX treatment caused a more severe tubular injury after ischemia-reperfusion. Our findings confirm that AIMD is associated with decreased pyruvate levels in the kidney, which may have been caused by the activation of renal gluconeogenesis. Thus, we hypothesized that AIMD would increase the vulnerability of the kidney to ischemia-reperfusion injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study aimed to determine the impact of antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion (AIMD) on renal glucose metabolism in mice. This is the first report confirming that AIMD is associated with decreased levels of pyruvate, a key intermediate in glucose metabolism, which may have been caused by activation of renal gluconeogenesis. We hypothesized that AIMD can increase the susceptibility of the kidney to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Osada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishibe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shota Takao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aimi Shimazaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Itohara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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84
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Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Ho HH, Kuo YW, Lin WY, Tsai SY, Chen WL, Lin CL, Huang CC. Effectiveness of human-origin Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 in improving muscle mass, exercise performance and anti-fatigue. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19469. [PMID: 34593921 PMCID: PMC8484333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is very important for energy metabolism and regulation, which in turn affect the health and physiological functions of the host, and provide energy required for exercise. Supplementation with probiotics may be one of the ways to change the gut microbiota. In recent years, many studies have shown that probiotic supplementation can effectively improve sports performance. In this study, we screened Lactobacillus plantarum (PL-02), a probiotic of human-origin, from the intestines of 2008 Olympic women's 48 kg weightlifting gold medalist and explored the role of PL-02 in improved exercise endurance performance, reduced fatigue biochemical parameters, and changes in body composition. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were assigned to 0, 2.05 × 109, 4.10 × 109 and 1.03 × 1010 CFU/kg/day groups and were fed by oral gavage once daily for 4 weeks. The results showed that 4 weeks of PL-02 supplementation could significantly increase muscle mass, muscle strength and endurance performance, and hepatic and muscular glycogen storage. Furthermore, PL-02 could significantly decrease lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, and creatine kinase (CK) levels after exercise (p < 0.05). We believe that PL-02 can be used as a supplement to improve exercise performance and for its anti-fatigue effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, 333325, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, 333325, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co, Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co, Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yang Lin
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co, Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yu Tsai
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co, Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ling Chen
- Department of Sports Training Science-Athletics, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, 333325, Taiwan
| | - Che-Li Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, 333325, Taiwan.
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85
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Valentino TR, Vechetti IJ, Mobley CB, Dungan CM, Golden L, Goh J, McCarthy JJ. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome impairs mouse skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. J Physiol 2021; 599:4845-4863. [PMID: 34569067 DOI: 10.1113/jp281788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence of a gut microbiome-skeletal muscle axis. The purpose of this study was to determine if an intact gut microbiome was necessary for skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. Forty-two 4-month-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to untreated (U) or antibiotic-treated (T) non-running controls (CU or CT, respectively) or progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR, P) untreated (PU) or antibiotic-treated (PT) groups. Antibiotic treatment resulted in disruption of the gut microbiome as indicated by a significant depletion of gut microbiome bacterial species in both CT and PT groups. The training stimulus was the same between PU and PT groups as assessed by weekly (12.35 ± 2.06 vs. 11.09 ± 1.76 km/week, respectively) and total (778.9 ± 130.5 vs. 703.8 ± 112.9 km, respectively) running activity. In response to PoWeR, PT showed less hypertrophy of soleus type 1 and 2a fibres and plantaris type 2b/x fibres compared to PU. The higher satellite cell and myonuclei abundance of PU plantaris muscle after PoWeR was not observed in PT. The fibre-type shift of PU plantaris muscle to a more oxidative type 2a fibre composition following PoWeR was blunted in PT. There was no difference in serum cytokine levels among all groups suggesting disruption of the gut microbiome did not induce systemic inflammation. The results of this study provide the first evidence that an intact gut microbiome is necessary for skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. KEY POINTS: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome caused by continuous antibiotic treatment did not affect running activity. Continuous treatment with antibiotics did not result in systemic inflammation as indicated by serum cytokine levels. Gut microbiome dysbiosis was associated with blunted fibre type-specific hypertrophy in the soleus and plantaris muscles in response to progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR). Gut microbiome dysbiosis was associated with impaired PoWeR-induced fibre-type shift in the plantaris muscle. Gut microbiome dysbiosis was associated with a loss of PoWeR-induced myonuclei accretion in the plantaris muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Valentino
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Muscle Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ivan J Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Cory M Dungan
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lesley Golden
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jensen Goh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Muscle Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Muscle Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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86
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Arslanova A, Tarasova A, Alexandrova A, Novoselova V, Shaidullov I, Khusnutdinova D, Grigoryeva T, Yarullina D, Yakovleva O, Sitdikova G. Protective Effects of Probiotics on Cognitive and Motor Functions, Anxiety Level, Visceral Sensitivity, Oxidative Stress and Microbiota in Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:764. [PMID: 34440509 PMCID: PMC8398215 DOI: 10.3390/life11080764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating clinical and preclinical data indicate a prominent role of gut microbiota in regulation of physiological functions. The gut-brain axis imbalance due to gut dysbiosis is associated with a range of neurodegenerative diseases. Probiotics were suggested not only to restore intestinal dysbiosis but also modulate stress response and improve mood and anxiety symptoms. In this study, we assessed the effects of probiotic lactobacilli on behavioral reactions, the level of oxidative stress and microbiota content in mice administered to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Our study demonstrates that antibiotic treatment of adolescent mice for two weeks resulted in higher mortality and lower weight gain and induced significant changes in behavior including lower locomotor and exploratory activity, reduced muscle strength, visceral hypersensitivity, higher level of anxiety and impaired cognitive functions compared to the control group. These changes were accompanied by decreased diversity and total amount of bacteria, abundance of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia phyla, and reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio in the gut microbiota. Moreover, a higher level of oxidative stress was found in brain and skeletal muscle tissues of mice treated with antibiotics. Oral administration of two Lactobacillus strains prevented the observed changes and improved not only microbiota content but also the behavioral alterations, suggesting a neuroprotective and antioxidant role of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Arslanova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (A.T.); (I.S.); (O.Y.)
| | - Aksiniya Tarasova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (A.T.); (I.S.); (O.Y.)
| | - Anastasia Alexandrova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (V.N.); (D.Y.)
| | - Vera Novoselova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (V.N.); (D.Y.)
| | - Ilnar Shaidullov
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (A.T.); (I.S.); (O.Y.)
| | - Dilyara Khusnutdinova
- “Omics Technologies” Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (D.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Tatiana Grigoryeva
- “Omics Technologies” Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (D.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Dina Yarullina
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (V.N.); (D.Y.)
| | - Olga Yakovleva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (A.T.); (I.S.); (O.Y.)
| | - Guzel Sitdikova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (A.T.); (I.S.); (O.Y.)
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87
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de Marco Castro E, Murphy CH, Roche HM. Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Improve Dietary Protein Efficacy to Mitigate Sarcopenia. Front Nutr 2021; 8:656730. [PMID: 34235167 PMCID: PMC8256992 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.656730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterised by the presence of diminished skeletal muscle mass and strength. It is relatively common in older adults as ageing is associated with anabolic resistance (a blunted muscle protein synthesis response to dietary protein consumption and resistance exercise). Therefore, interventions to counteract anabolic resistance may benefit sarcopenia prevention and are of utmost importance in the present ageing population. There is growing speculation that the gut microbiota may contribute to sarcopenia, as ageing is also associated with [1) dysbiosis, whereby the gut microbiota becomes less diverse, lacking in healthy butyrate-producing microorganisms and higher in pathogenic bacteria, and [2) loss of epithelial tight junction integrity in the lining of the gut, leading to increased gut permeability and higher metabolic endotoxemia. Animal data suggest that both elements may impact muscle physiology, but human data corroborating the causality of the association between gut microbiota and muscle mass and strength are lacking. Mechanisms wherein the gut microbiota may alter anabolic resistance include an attenuation of gut-derived low-grade inflammation and/or the increased digestibility of protein-containing foods and consequent higher aminoacidemia, both in favour of muscle protein synthesis. This review focuses on the putative links between the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle in the context of sarcopenia. We also address the issue of plant protein digestibility because plant proteins are increasingly important from an environmental sustainability perspective, yet they are less efficient at stimulating muscle protein synthesis than animal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena de Marco Castro
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caoileann H Murphy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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88
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Tang S, Zhong R, Yin C, Su D, Xie J, Chen L, Liu L, Zhang H. Exposure to High Aerial Ammonia Causes Hindgut Dysbiotic Microbiota and Alterations of Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Growing Pigs. Front Nutr 2021; 8:689818. [PMID: 34179063 PMCID: PMC8231926 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia, an atmospheric pollutant in the air, jeopardizes immune function, and perturbs metabolism, especially lipid metabolism, in human and animals. The roles of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in maintaining or regulating immune function and metabolism are irreplaceable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how aerial ammonia exposure influences hindgut microbiota and its metabolites in a pig model. Twelve growing pigs were treated with or without aerial ammonia (35 mg/m3) for 25 days, and then microbial diversity and microbiota-derived metabolites were measured. The results demonstrated a decreasing trend in leptin (p = 0.0898) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, p = 0.0006) in serum after ammonia exposure. Besides, an upward trend in hyocholic acid (HCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) (p < 0.1); a downward trend in tauro-deoxycholic acid (TDCA, p < 0.1); and a reduced tauro-HDCA (THDCA, p < 0.05) level were found in the serum bile acid (BA) profiles after ammonia exposure. Ammonia exposure notably raised microbial alpha-diversity with higher Sobs, Shannon, or ACE index in the cecum or colon and the Chao index in the cecum (p < 0.05) and clearly exhibited a distinct microbial cluster in hindgut indicated by principal coordinate analysis (p < 0.01), indicating that ammonia exposure induced alterations of microbial community structure and composition in the hindgut. Further analysis displayed that ammonia exposure increased the number of potentially harmful bacteria, such as Negativibacillus, Alloprevotella, or Lachnospira, and decreased the number of beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia or Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, in the hindgut (FDR < 0.05). Analysis of microbiota-derived metabolites in the hindgut showed that ammonia exposure increased acetate and decreased isobutyrate or isovalerate in the cecum or colon, respectively (p < 0.05). Unlike the alteration of serum BA profiles, cecal BA data showed that high ammonia exposure had a downward trend in cholic acid (CA), HCA, and LCA (p < 0.1); a downward trend in deoxycholic acid (DCA) and HDCA (p < 0.05); and an upward trend in glycol-chenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA, p < 0.05). Mantel test and correlation analysis revealed associations between microbiota-derived metabolites and ammonia exposure-responsive cecal bacteria. Collectively, the findings illustrated that high ammonia exposure induced the dysbiotic microbiota in the hindgut, thereby affecting the production of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and BAs, which play a pivotal role in the modulation of host systematic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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89
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Clauss M, Gérard P, Mosca A, Leclerc M. Interplay Between Exercise and Gut Microbiome in the Context of Human Health and Performance. Front Nutr 2021; 8:637010. [PMID: 34179053 PMCID: PMC8222532 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.637010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and exercise have recently been shown to be interconnected. Both moderate and intense exercise are typically part of the training regimen of endurance athletes, but they exert different effects on health. Moderate exercise has positive effects on the health of average athletes, such as a reduction in inflammation and intestinal permeability and an improvement in body composition. It also induces positive changes in the gut microbiota composition and in the microbial metabolites produced in the gastrointestinal tract. Conversely, intense exercise can increase gastrointestinal epithelial wall permeability and diminish gut mucus thickness, potentially enabling pathogens to enter the bloodstream. This, in turn, may contribute to the increase in inflammation levels. However, elite athletes seem to have a higher gut microbial diversity, shifted toward bacterial species involved in amino acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate/fiber metabolism, consequently producing key metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. Moreover, rodent studies have highlighted a bidirectional relationship, with exercise impacting the gut microbiota composition while the microbiota may influence performance. The present review focuses on gut microbiota and endurance sports and how this interconnection depends upon exercise intensity and training. After pointing out the limits of the studies so far available, we suggest that taking into account the microbiota composition and its metabolic contribution to human host health could help in monitoring and modulating athletes' health and performance. Such an integrated approach should help in the design of microbiome-based solutions for health or performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Clauss
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, MICALIS Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, MICALIS Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alexis Mosca
- Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale et Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, United Medical Resources 1149 Labex Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leclerc
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, MICALIS Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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90
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The human gut harbors a complex community of microbes that influence many processes regulating musculoskeletal development and homeostasis. This review gives an update on the current knowledge surrounding the impact of the gut microbiota on musculoskeletal health, with an emphasis on research conducted over the last three years. RECENT FINDINGS The gut microbiota and their metabolites are associated with sarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The field is moving fast from describing simple correlations to pursue establishing causation through clinical trials. The gut microbiota and their microbial-synthesized metabolites hold promise for offering new potential alternatives for the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal diseases given its malleability and response to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C G Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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91
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Ponziani FR, Picca A, Marzetti E, Calvani R, Conta G, Del Chierico F, Capuani G, Faccia M, Fianchi F, Funaro B, Josè Coelho-Junior H, Petito V, Rinninella E, Paroni Sterbini F, Reddel S, Vernocchi P, Cristina Mele M, Miccheli A, Putignani L, Sanguinetti M, Pompili M, Gasbarrini A. Characterization of the gut-liver-muscle axis in cirrhotic patients with sarcopenia. Liver Int 2021; 41:1320-1334. [PMID: 33713524 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Sarcopenia is frequent in cirrhosis and is associated with unfavourable outcomes. The role of the gut-liver-muscle axis in this setting has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to identify gut microbiota, metabolic and inflammatory signatures associated with sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients. METHODS Fifty cirrhotic patients assessed for the presence of sarcopenia by the quantification of muscle mass and strength were compared with age- and sex-matched controls. A multiomic analysis, including gut microbiota composition and metabolomics, serum myokines and systemic and intestinal inflammatory mediators, was performed. RESULTS The gut microbiota of sarcopenic cirrhotic patients was poor in bacteria associated with physical function (Methanobrevibacter, Prevotella and Akkermansia), and was enriched in Eggerthella, a gut microbial marker of frailty. The abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Klebsiella, was also increased, to the detriment of autochthonous ones. Sarcopenia was associated with elevated serum levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in cirrhotic patients. Gut microbiota metabolic pathways involved in amino acid, protein and branched-chain amino acid metabolism were up-regulated, in addition to ethanol, trimethylamine and dimethylamine production. Correlation networks and clusters of variables associated with sarcopenia were identified, including one centred on Klebsiella/ethanol/FGF21/Eggerthella/Prevotella. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the gut-liver-muscle axis are associated with sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. Detrimental but also compensatory functions are involved in this complex network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Liver Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giorgia Conta
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Area of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Capuani
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Area of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,NMR-based Metabolomics Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariella Faccia
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Liver Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fianchi
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Liver Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Funaro
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Liver Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Helio Josè Coelho-Junior
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Petito
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Liver Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- Clinical Nutrition, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sofia Reddel
- Area of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Vernocchi
- Area of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Advanced Nutrition in Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Miccheli
- NMR-based Metabolomics Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Clinical Nutrition, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Advanced Nutrition in Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Parasitology and Area of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Liver Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Liver Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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92
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Qi R, Sun J, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang Q, Huang J, Ge L, Liu Z. The intestinal microbiota contributes to the growth and physiological state of muscle tissue in piglets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11237. [PMID: 34045661 PMCID: PMC8160342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of the intestinal microbiota in host growth and health is well known, the relationship between microbiota colonization and muscle development is unclear. In this study, the direct causal effects of the colonization of gut microorganisms on the muscle tissue of piglets were investigated. The body weight and lean mass of germ-free (GF) piglets were approximately 40% lower than those of normal piglets. The deletion of the intestinal microbiota led to weakened muscle function and a reduction in myogenic regulatory proteins, such as MyoG and MyoD, in GF piglets. In addition, the blinded IGF1/AKT/mTOR pathway in GF piglets caused muscle atrophy and autophagy, which were characterized by the high expression of Murf-1 and KLF15. Gut microbiota introduced to GF piglets via fecal microbiota transplantation not only colonized the gut but also partially restored muscle growth and development. Furthermore, the proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers was lower in the muscle of GF piglets, which was caused by the reduced short-chain fatty acid content in the circulation and impaired mitochondrial function in muscle. Collectively, these findings suggest that the growth, development and function of skeletal muscle in animals are mediated by the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renli Qi
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Jinxiu Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China.
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93
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Pancreatic cancer cachexia: three dimensions of a complex syndrome. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1623-1636. [PMID: 33742145 PMCID: PMC8110983 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that is characterised by a loss of skeletal muscle mass, is commonly associated with adipose tissue wasting and malaise, and responds poorly to therapeutic interventions. Although cachexia can affect patients who are severely ill with various malignant or non-malignant conditions, it is particularly common among patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer often leads to the development of cachexia through a combination of distinct factors, which, together, explain its high prevalence and clinical importance in this disease: systemic factors, including metabolic changes and pathogenic signals related to the tumour biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma; factors resulting from the disruption of the digestive and endocrine functions of the pancreas; and factors related to the close anatomical and functional connection of the pancreas with the gut. In this review, we conceptualise the various insights into the mechanisms underlying pancreatic cancer cachexia according to these three dimensions to expose its particular complexity and the challenges that face clinicians in trying to devise therapeutic interventions.
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94
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Jackson KM, Cole CL, Dunne RF. From bench to bedside: updates in basic science, translational and clinical research on muscle fatigue in cancer cachexia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2021; 24:216-222. [PMID: 33560743 PMCID: PMC8018541 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cancer cachexia is a syndrome of loss of weight and muscle mass that leads to reduced strength, poor physical performance and functional impairment. Muscular fatigue is a distressing syndrome that patients with cachexia suffer from and can impair quality of life. Here, we review recent updates in muscular fatigue in cancer cachexia research with a focus on mechanisms, biomarkers and potential therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Both in mice and humans, research has shown that muscle fatigue can be independent of muscular atrophy and can happen early in cancer development or in precachexia. Inflammatory pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction and gut microbiota have recently been studied to play an important role in muscle fatigue in preclinical models. Exercise can target these pathways and has been studied as a therapeutic intervention to improve muscle fatigue. SUMMARY Heightened inflammation within muscle, altered muscle function and muscle fatigue can begin prior to clinical evidence of cachexia, making early recognition and intervention challenging. The emergence of cachexia mouse models and translational and clinical research studying muscle fatigue will hopefully lead to new therapies targeting the underlying mechanisms of cancer cachexia. Exercise will need to be tested in larger randomized studies before entering into daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Calvin L. Cole
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Richard F. Dunne
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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95
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Ziemons J, Smidt ML, Damink SO, Rensen SS. Gut microbiota and metabolic aspects of cancer cachexia. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101508. [PMID: 33648847 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome characterized by unintended weight loss and muscle wasting. It has a strong negative impact on survival. Its underlying mechanisms involve systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, which are known to be influenced by the gut microbiota. Preclinical studies support a role for the gut microbiota in cancer cachexia by demonstrating that cachectic mice display: 1) various gut microbiota composition changes; 2) increased gut permeability and translocation of pro-inflammatory microbial compounds; 3) muscle atrophy-related processes linked to gut microbiota properties; 4) positive effects of microbiota-modulating interventions. Data on the relationships between gut microbiota, insulin resistance, and hepatic/adipose tissue metabolism in cachexia models are lacking. Nevertheless, the available data and existing evidence for the impact of gut microbiota on metabolic aberrations in human obesity urge for exploration of its role in human cancer cachexia. We provide practical recommendations and discuss the challenges for such future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Ziemons
- GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein L Smidt
- GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Steven Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, Uniklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sander S Rensen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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96
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Park S, Yuan H, Zhang T, Wu X, Huang SK, Cho SM. Long-term silk peptide intake promotes skeletal muscle mass, reduces inflammation, and modulates gut microbiota in middle-aged female rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111415. [PMID: 33761619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging alters body composition to induce sarcopenia, particularly in women, but the mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that silk peptide(SP) intake could prevent an age-related decrease in muscle mass and strength in middle-aged female rats and explored the action mechanism. After the acute intake of SP and defatted soybean peptides, serum concentrations of amino acids were measured in ten middle-aged rats in each group. Forty 12-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks including 0.5 g casein/kg body weight(BW)/day(Aged), 0.15 g SP plus 0.35 g casein/kg BW/day(Low-SP), 0.5 g SP/kg BW/day(High-SP), or 40 mg metformin plus 0.5 g casein/kg BW/day(Metformin). Ten rats aged 7-week old(Young) had the same treatment as the Aged-group. The body composition, grip strength, glucose metabolism, intestinal tissue morphology, and gut microbiota were also determined. After an acute consumption, total amino acids were more quickly absorbed and maintained at higher levels in SP than soybean peptides. Lean body mass(LBM) and grip strength were lower in the Aged-group than the Young and Low-SP groups, and the High-SP regimen increased these parameters as much as the Young-group. Serum concentrations and mRNA expression of TNF-α in the gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles were higher in the Aged-group than the Young-group, whereas SP intake reduced their serum levels and skeletal muscles. Glucose and insulin tolerance indicated that insulin resistance was elevated in the Aged-group compared to the Young-group, while Low-SP and High-SP alleviated them as much as the Young-group. High-SP increased serum propionate and butyrate concentrations compared to the Aged-group. SP intake increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Prevotella and decreased Blautia and Clostridium in the feces. In conclusion, SP intake protects against a decrease in lean body mass and grip strength in middle-aged female rats. The protection was partly related to maintaining higher serum concentrations of total amino acids after SP consumption and decreasing inflammation and insulin resistance through gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heng Yuan
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Shao Kai Huang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Mee Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
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97
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Papageorgiou M, Biver E. Interactions of the microbiome with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for the management of ageing-related musculoskeletal diseases. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2021; 13:1759720X211009018. [PMID: 34104230 PMCID: PMC8172340 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x211009018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology and therapeutic options for common ageing-related musculoskeletal conditions (i.e. osteoporosis and associated fractures, sarcopenia and osteoarthritis), there is still a considerable proportion of patients who respond sub optimally to available treatments or experience adverse effects. Emerging microbiome research suggests that perturbations in microbial composition, functional and metabolic capacity (i.e. dysbiosis) are associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders including musculoskeletal diseases. Besides its contributions to disease pathogenesis, the role of the microbiome is further extended to shaping individuals' responses to disease therapeutics (i.e. pharmacomicrobiomics). In this review, we focus on the reciprocal interactions between the microbiome and therapeutics for osteoporosis, sarcopenia and osteoarthritis. Specifically, we identify the effects of therapeutics on microbiome's configurations, functions and metabolic output, intestinal integrity and immune function, but also the effects of the microbiome on the metabolism of these therapeutics, which in turn, may influence their bioavailability, efficacy and side-effect profile contributing to variable treatment responses in clinical practice. We further discuss emerging strategies for microbiota manipulation as preventive or therapeutic (alone or complementary to available treatments) approaches for improving outcomes of musculoskeletal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papageorgiou
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil 4, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
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98
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Brain Function and Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084052. [PMID: 33919972 PMCID: PMC8070923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy has increased, particularly in developed countries, due to medical advances and increased prosperity, age-related neurological diseases and mental health disorders have become more prevalent health issues, reducing the well-being and quality of life of sufferers and their families. In recent decades, due to reduced work-related levels of physical activity, and key research insights, prescribing adequate exercise has become an innovative strategy to prevent or delay the onset of these pathologies and has been demonstrated to have therapeutic benefits when used as a sole or combination treatment. Recent evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are related to several underlying mechanisms related to muscle–brain, liver–brain and gut–brain crosstalk. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the most relevant current knowledge of the impact of exercise on mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, and to highlight the established and potential underlying mechanisms involved in exercise–brain communication and their benefits for physiology and brain function.
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99
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Zhao J, Huang Y, Yu X. A Narrative Review of Gut-Muscle Axis and Sarcopenia: The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1263-1273. [PMID: 33880058 PMCID: PMC8053521 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s301141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a multifactorial disease related to aging, chronic inflammation, insufficient nutrition, and physical inactivity. Previous studies have suggested that there is a relationship between sarcopenia and gut microbiota,namely, the gut-muscle axis. The present review highlights that the gut microbiota can affect muscle mass and muscle function from inflammation and immunity,substance and energy metabolism, endocrine and insulin sensitivity, etc., directly or indirectly establishing a connection with sarcopenia, thereby realizing the “gut-muscle axis”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Zhao
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Huang
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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100
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Mach N, Moroldo M, Rau A, Lecardonnel J, Le Moyec L, Robert C, Barrey E. Understanding the Holobiont: Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiota and Mitochondria During Long Exercise in Horse. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:656204. [PMID: 33898524 PMCID: PMC8063112 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.656204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise has a dramatic impact on the functionality of mitochondria and on the composition of the intestinal microbiome, but the mechanisms regulating the crosstalk between these two components are still largely unknown. Here, we sampled 20 elite horses before and after an endurance race and used blood transcriptome, blood metabolome and fecal microbiome to describe the gut-mitochondria crosstalk. A subset of mitochondria-related differentially expressed genes involved in pathways such as energy metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation was discovered and then shown to be associated with butyrate-producing bacteria of the Lachnospiraceae family, especially Eubacterium. The mechanisms involved were not fully understood, but through the action of their metabolites likely acted on PPARγ, the FRX-CREB axis and their downstream targets to delay the onset of hypoglycemia, inflammation and extend running time. Our results also suggested that circulating free fatty acids may act not merely as fuel but drive mitochondrial inflammatory responses triggered by the translocation of gut bacterial polysaccharides following endurance. Targeting the gut-mitochondria axis therefore appears to be a potential strategy to enhance athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marco Moroldo
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Andrea Rau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,BioEcoAgro Joint Research Unit, INRAE, Université de Liège, Université de Lille, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Estrées-Mons, France
| | - Jérôme Lecardonnel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurence Le Moyec
- Université d'Évry Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France ABI UMR 1313, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,MCAM UMR7245, CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Céline Robert
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eric Barrey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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