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Ketema EB, Lopaschuk GD. Post-translational Acetylation Control of Cardiac Energy Metabolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:723996. [PMID: 34409084 PMCID: PMC8365027 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.723996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in myocardial energy substrate metabolism are key contributors to the pathogenesis of heart diseases. However, the underlying causes of these metabolic alterations remain poorly understood. Recently, post-translational acetylation-mediated modification of metabolic enzymes has emerged as one of the important regulatory mechanisms for these metabolic changes. Nevertheless, despite the growing reports of a large number of acetylated cardiac mitochondrial proteins involved in energy metabolism, the functional consequences of these acetylation changes and how they correlate to metabolic alterations and myocardial dysfunction are not clearly defined. This review summarizes the evidence for a role of cardiac mitochondrial protein acetylation in altering the function of major metabolic enzymes and myocardial energy metabolism in various cardiovascular disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra B Ketema
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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52
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Liao B, Zhao Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Hao X, Hu M. Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomized, double-blind study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:54. [PMID: 34238308 PMCID: PMC8265078 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies in rodents indicate that a combination of exercise training and supplementation with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursors has synergistic effects. However, there are currently no human clinical trials analyzing this. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of a combination of exercise training and supplementation with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the immediate precursor of NAD+, on cardiovascular fitness in healthy amateur runners. METHODS A six-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-arm clinical trial including 48 young and middle-aged recreationally trained runners of the Guangzhou Pearl River running team was conducted. The participants were randomized into four groups: the low dosage group (300 mg/day NMN), the medium dosage group (600 mg/day NMN), the high dosage group (1200 mg/day NMN), and the control group (placebo). Each group consisted of ten male participants and two female participants. Each training session was 40-60 min, and the runners trained 5-6 times each week. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed at baseline and after the intervention, at 6 weeks, to assess the aerobic capacity of the runners. RESULTS Analysis of covariance of the change from baseline over the 6 week treatment showed that the oxygen uptake (VO2), percentages of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), power at first ventilatory threshold, and power at second ventilatory threshold increased to a higher degree in the medium and high dosage groups compared with the control group. However, there was no difference in VO2max, O2-pulse, VO2 related to work rate, and peak power after the 6 week treatment from baseline in any of these groups. CONCLUSION NMN increases the aerobic capacity of humans during exercise training, and the improvement is likely the result of enhanced O2 utilization of the skeletal muscle. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2000035138 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagen Liao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Guangdong Physical Fitness and Health Management Association, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Guangdong Physical Fitness and Health Management Association, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Sports Science, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Xuanming Hao
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
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53
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Pîrvu AS, Andrei AM, Stănciulescu EC, Baniță IM, Pisoschi CG, Jurja S, Ciuluvica R. NAD + metabolism and retinal degeneration (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:670. [PMID: 33986835 PMCID: PMC8111861 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent years has revealed an intense interest in the study of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), particularly in regards to its intermediates, such as nicotinamide and nicotinic acid known as niacin, and also nicotinamide riboside. Besides its participation as a coenzyme in the redox transformations of nutrients during catabolism, NAD+ is also involved in DNA repair and epigenetic modification of gene expression and also plays an essential role in calcium homeostasis. Clinical and experimental data emphasize the age-dependent decline in NAD+ levels and its relation with the onset and progression of various age-related diseases. Maintaining optimal levels of NAD+ has aroused a therapeutic interest in such pathological conditions; NAD+ being currently regarded as an important target to extend health and lifespan. Based on a systematic exploration of the experimental data and literature surrounding the topic, this paper reviews some of the recent research studies related to the roles of the pyridine nucleotide family focusing on biosynthesis, NAD+ deficiency-associated diseases, pathobiochemistry related to retinal degeneration and potential therapeutic effects on human vision as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Silvia Pîrvu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ana Marina Andrei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Elena Camelia Stănciulescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ileana Monica Baniță
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cătălina Gabriela Pisoschi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Sanda Jurja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Radu Ciuluvica
- Faculty of Dentistry, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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54
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Tong D, Schiattarella GG, Jiang N, Altamirano F, Szweda PA, Elnwasany A, Lee DI, Yoo H, Kass DA, Szweda LI, Lavandero S, Verdin E, Gillette TG, Hill JA. NAD + Repletion Reverses Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ Res 2021; 128:1629-1641. [PMID: 33882692 PMCID: PMC8159891 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tong
- Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-8573
| | - Gabriele G. Schiattarella
- Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-8573
| | - Nan Jiang
- Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-8573
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-8573
| | - Pamela A. Szweda
- Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-8573
| | - Abdallah Elnwasany
- Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-8573
| | - Dong Ik Lee
- Medicine (Cardiology), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Heesoo Yoo
- Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-8573
| | - David A. Kass
- Medicine (Cardiology), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luke I. Szweda
- Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-8573
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-8573
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Corporacion Estudios Cientificos de las Enfermedades Cronicas (CECEC), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Eric Verdin
- Bulk Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA, 94945
| | - Thomas G. Gillette
- Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-8573
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-8573
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75390-8573
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55
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Abstract
Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism contribute to the severity of heart failure. However, the energy metabolic changes that occur in heart failure are complex and are dependent not only on the severity and type of heart failure present but also on the co-existence of common comorbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The failing heart faces an energy deficit, primarily because of a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. This is partly compensated for by an increase in ATP production from glycolysis. The relative contribution of the different fuels for mitochondrial ATP production also changes, including a decrease in glucose and amino acid oxidation, and an increase in ketone oxidation. The oxidation of fatty acids by the heart increases or decreases, depending on the type of heart failure. For instance, in heart failure associated with diabetes and obesity, myocardial fatty acid oxidation increases, while in heart failure associated with hypertension or ischemia, myocardial fatty acid oxidation decreases. Combined, these energy metabolic changes result in the failing heart becoming less efficient (ie, a decrease in cardiac work/O2 consumed). The alterations in both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the failing heart are due to both transcriptional changes in key enzymes involved in these metabolic pathways, as well as alterations in NAD redox state (NAD+ and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels) and metabolite signaling that contribute to posttranslational epigenetic changes in the control of expression of genes encoding energy metabolic enzymes. Alterations in the fate of glucose, beyond flux through glycolysis or glucose oxidation, also contribute to the pathology of heart failure. Of importance, pharmacological targeting of the energy metabolic pathways has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to improving cardiac efficiency, decreasing the energy deficit and improving cardiac function in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (G.D.L., Q.G.K.)
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (G.D.L., Q.G.K.)
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle (R.T.)
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.)
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (E.D.A.).,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (E.D.A.)
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56
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Mukherjee S, Mo J, Paolella LM, Perry CE, Toth J, Hugo MM, Chu Q, Tong Q, Chellappa K, Baur JA. SIRT3 is required for liver regeneration but not for the beneficial effect of nicotinamide riboside. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147193. [PMID: 33690226 PMCID: PMC8119200 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is critical to survival after traumatic injuries, exposure to hepatotoxins, or surgical interventions, yet the underlying signaling and metabolic pathways remain unclear. In this study, we show that hepatocyte-specific loss of the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 drastically impairs regeneration and worsens mitochondrial function after partial hepatectomy. Sirtuins, including SIRT3, require NAD as a cosubstrate. We previously showed that the NAD precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) promotes liver regeneration, but whether this involves sirtuins has not been tested. Here, we show that despite their NAD dependence and critical roles in regeneration, neither SIRT3 nor its nuclear counterpart SIRT1 is required for NR to enhance liver regeneration. NR improves mitochondrial respiration in regenerating WT or mutant livers and rapidly increases oxygen consumption and glucose output in cultured hepatocytes. Our data support a direct enhancement of mitochondrial redox metabolism as the mechanism mediating improved liver regeneration after NAD supplementation and exclude signaling via SIRT1 and SIRT3. Therefore, we provide the first evidence to our knowledge for an essential role for a mitochondrial sirtuin during liver regeneration and insight into the beneficial effects of NR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Mo
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren M. Paolella
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caroline E. Perry
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jade Toth
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mindy M. Hugo
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qingwei Chu
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qiang Tong
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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57
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Tannous C, Booz GW, Altara R, Muhieddine DH, Mericskay M, Refaat MM, Zouein FA. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: Biosynthesis, consumption and therapeutic role in cardiac diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13551. [PMID: 32853469 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an abundant cofactor that plays crucial roles in several cellular processes. NAD can be synthesized de novo starting with tryptophan, or from salvage pathways starting with NAD precursors like nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide (NAM) or nicotinamide riboside (NR), referred to as niacin/B3 vitamins, arising from dietary supply or from cellular NAD catabolism. Given the interconversion between its oxidized (NAD+ ) and reduced form (NADH), NAD participates in a wide range of reactions: regulation of cellular redox status, energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Plus, NAD acts as a signalling molecule, being a cosubstrate for several enzymes such as sirtuins, poly-ADP-ribose-polymerases (PARPs) and some ectoenzymes like CD38, regulating critical biological processes like gene expression, DNA repair, calcium signalling and circadian rhythms. Given the large number of mitochondria present in cardiac tissue, the heart has the highest NAD levels and is one of the most metabolically demanding organs. In several models of heart failure, myocardial NAD levels are depressed and this depression is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic remodelling and inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that regulating NAD homeostasis by NAD precursor supplementation has therapeutic efficiency in improving myocardial bioenergetics and function. This review provides an overview of the latest understanding of the different NAD biosynthesis pathways, as well as its role as a signalling molecule particularly in cardiac tissue. We highlight the significance of preserving NAD equilibrium in various models of heart diseases and shed light on the potential pharmacological interventions aiming to use NAD boosters as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Tannous
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
| | - George W. Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS USA
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS USA
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Dina H. Muhieddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- INSERM Department of Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology UMR‐S 1180 Université Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Marwan M. Refaat
- Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
| | - Fouad A. Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
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58
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Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. NAD + metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 22:119-141. [PMID: 33353981 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme for redox reactions, making it central to energy metabolism. NAD+ is also an essential cofactor for non-redox NAD+-dependent enzymes, including sirtuins, CD38 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. NAD+ can directly and indirectly influence many key cellular functions, including metabolic pathways, DNA repair, chromatin remodelling, cellular senescence and immune cell function. These cellular processes and functions are critical for maintaining tissue and metabolic homeostasis and for healthy ageing. Remarkably, ageing is accompanied by a gradual decline in tissue and cellular NAD+ levels in multiple model organisms, including rodents and humans. This decline in NAD+ levels is linked causally to numerous ageing-associated diseases, including cognitive decline, cancer, metabolic disease, sarcopenia and frailty. Many of these ageing-associated diseases can be slowed down and even reversed by restoring NAD+ levels. Therefore, targeting NAD+ metabolism has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate ageing-related disease, and extend the human healthspan and lifespan. However, much remains to be learnt about how NAD+ influences human health and ageing biology. This includes a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate NAD+ levels, how to effectively restore NAD+ levels during ageing, whether doing so is safe and whether NAD+ repletion will have beneficial effects in ageing humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Covarrubias
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,UCSF Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA. .,UCSF Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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59
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Sedley L. Advances in Nutritional Epigenetics-A Fresh Perspective for an Old Idea. Lessons Learned, Limitations, and Future Directions. Epigenet Insights 2020; 13:2516865720981924. [PMID: 33415317 PMCID: PMC7750768 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720981924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional epigenetics is a rapidly expanding field of research, and the natural modulation of the genome is a non-invasive, sustainable, and personalized alternative to gene-editing for chronic disease management. Genetic differences and epigenetic inflexibility resulting in abnormal gene expression, differential or aberrant methylation patterns account for the vast majority of diseases. The expanding understanding of biological evolution and the environmental influence on epigenetics and natural selection requires relearning of once thought to be well-understood concepts. This research explores the potential for natural modulation by the less understood epigenetic modifications such as ubiquitination, nitrosylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and serotonylation concluding that the under-appreciated acetylation and mitochondrial dependant downstream epigenetic post-translational modifications may be the pinnacle of the epigenomic hierarchy, essential for optimal health, including sustainable cellular energy production. With an emphasis on lessons learned, this conceptional exploration provides a fresh perspective on methylation, demonstrating how increases in environmental methane drive an evolutionary down regulation of endogenous methyl groups synthesis and demonstrates how epigenetic mechanisms are cell-specific, making supplementation with methyl cofactors throughout differentiation unpredictable. Interference with the epigenomic hierarchy may result in epigenetic inflexibility, symptom relief and disease concomitantly and may be responsible for the increased incidence of neurological disease such as autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Sedley
- Bachelor of Health Science (Nutritional Medicine),
GC Biomedical Science (Genomics), The Research and Educational Institute of
Environmental and Nutritional Epigenetics, Queensland, Australia
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60
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Sciarretta S, Forte M, Castoldi F, Frati G, Versaci F, Sadoshima J, Kroemer G, Maiuri MC. Caloric restriction mimetics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:1434-1449. [PMID: 33098415 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) are emerging as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. CRMs include natural and synthetic compounds able to inhibit protein acetyltransferases, to interfere with acetyl coenzyme A biosynthesis, or to activate (de)acetyltransferase proteins. These modifications mimic the effects of caloric restriction, which is associated with the activation of autophagy. Previous evidence demonstrated the ability of CRMs to ameliorate cardiac function and reduce cardiac hypertrophy and maladaptive remodelling in animal models of ageing, mechanical overload, chronic myocardial ischaemia, and in genetic and metabolic cardiomyopathies. In addition, CRMs were found to reduce acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury. In many cases, these beneficial effects of CRMs appeared to be mediated by autophagy activation. In the present review, we discuss the relevant literature about the role of different CRMs in animal models of cardiac diseases, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these compounds and their potential future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Maurizio Forte
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Francesco Versaci
- Division of Cardiology, S. Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, G-609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Jiangsu 215163, China.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
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61
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Davidson MT, Grimsrud PA, Lai L, Draper JA, Fisher-Wellman KH, Narowski TM, Abraham DM, Koves TR, Kelly DP, Muoio DM. Extreme Acetylation of the Cardiac Mitochondrial Proteome Does Not Promote Heart Failure. Circ Res 2020; 127:1094-1108. [PMID: 32660330 PMCID: PMC9161399 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Circumstantial evidence links the development of heart failure to posttranslational modifications of mitochondrial proteins, including lysine acetylation (Kac). Nonetheless, direct evidence that Kac compromises mitochondrial performance remains sparse. OBJECTIVE This study sought to explore the premise that mitochondrial Kac contributes to heart failure by disrupting oxidative metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS A DKO (dual knockout) mouse line with deficiencies in CrAT (carnitine acetyltransferase) and Sirt3 (sirtuin 3)-enzymes that oppose Kac by buffering the acetyl group pool and catalyzing lysine deacetylation, respectively-was developed to model extreme mitochondrial Kac in cardiac muscle, as confirmed by quantitative acetyl-proteomics. The resulting impact on mitochondrial bioenergetics was evaluated using a respiratory diagnostics platform that permits comprehensive assessment of mitochondrial function and energy transduction. Susceptibility of DKO mice to heart failure was investigated using transaortic constriction as a model of cardiac pressure overload. The mitochondrial acetyl-lysine landscape of DKO hearts was elevated well beyond that observed in response to pressure overload or Sirt3 deficiency alone. Relative changes in the abundance of specific acetylated lysine peptides measured in DKO versus Sirt3 KO hearts were strongly correlated. A proteomics comparison across multiple settings of hyperacetylation revealed ≈86% overlap between the populations of Kac peptides affected by the DKO manipulation as compared with experimental heart failure. Despite the severity of cardiac Kac in DKO mice relative to other conditions, deep phenotyping of mitochondrial function revealed a surprisingly normal bioenergetics profile. Thus, of the >120 mitochondrial energy fluxes evaluated, including substrate-specific dehydrogenase activities, respiratory responses, redox charge, mitochondrial membrane potential, and electron leak, we found minimal evidence of oxidative insufficiencies. Similarly, DKO hearts were not more vulnerable to dysfunction caused by transaortic constriction-induced pressure overload. CONCLUSIONS The findings challenge the premise that hyperacetylation per se threatens metabolic resilience in the myocardium by causing broad-ranging disruption to mitochondrial oxidative machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Davidson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology
| | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Ling Lai
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James A. Draper
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Tara M. Narowski
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Dennis M. Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Duke Cardiovascular Physiology Core
| | - Timothy R. Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Daniel P. Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deborah M. Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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62
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Xu W, Li L, Zhang L. NAD + Metabolism as an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular Diseases Associated With Sudden Cardiac Death. Front Physiol 2020; 11:901. [PMID: 32903597 PMCID: PMC7438569 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its central role in mediating oxidation reduction in fuel metabolism and bioenergetics, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has emerged as a vital co-substrate for a number of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes, including sirtuins, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases and cyclic ADP-ribose synthetases. The connection with aging and age-associated diseases has led to a new wave of research in the cardiovascular field. Here, we review the basics of NAD+ homeostasis, the molecular physiology and new advances in ischemic-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and arrhythmias, all of which are associated with increased risks for sudden cardiac death. Finally, we summarize the progress of NAD+-boosting therapy in human cardiovascular diseases and the challenges for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Le Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lilei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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63
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Liberale L, Kraler S, Camici GG, Lüscher TF. Ageing and longevity genes in cardiovascular diseases. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:120-131. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology University of Zürich Schlieren Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine First Clinic of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - Simon Kraler
- Center for Molecular Cardiology University of Zürich Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Giovanni G. Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology University of Zürich Schlieren Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology University Heart Center University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas F. Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology University of Zürich Schlieren Switzerland
- Heart Division Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London UK
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64
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Hong W, Mo F, Zhang Z, Huang M, Wei X. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: A Promising Molecule for Therapy of Diverse Diseases by Targeting NAD+ Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:246. [PMID: 32411700 PMCID: PMC7198709 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+, a co-enzyme involved in a great deal of biochemical reactions, has been found to be a network node of diverse biological processes. In mammalian cells, NAD+ is synthetized, predominantly through NMN, to replenish the consumption by NADase participating in physiologic processes including DNA repair, metabolism, and cell death. Correspondingly, aberrant NAD+ metabolism is observed in many diseases. In this review, we discuss how the homeostasis of NAD+ is maintained in healthy condition and provide several age-related pathological examples related with NAD+ unbalance. The sirtuins family, whose functions are NAD-dependent, is also reviewed. Administration of NMN surprisingly demonstrated amelioration of the pathological conditions in some age-related disease mouse models. Further clinical trials have been launched to investigate the safety and benefits of NMN. The NAD+ production and consumption pathways including NMN are essential for more precise understanding and therapy of age-related pathological processes such as diabetes, ischemia–reperfusion injury, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Mo
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Department of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Department of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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65
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Zhou J, Ng B, Ko NSJ, Fiedler LR, Khin E, Lim A, Sahib NE, Wu Y, Chothani SP, Schafer S, Bay BH, Sinha RA, Cook SA, Yen PM. Titin truncations lead to impaired cardiomyocyte autophagy and mitochondrial function in vivo. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:1971-1981. [PMID: 30715350 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Titin-truncating variants (TTNtv) are the most common genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. TTNtv occur in ~1% of the general population and causes subclinical cardiac remodeling in asymptomatic carriers. In rat models with either proximal or distal TTNtv, we previously showed altered cardiac metabolism at baseline and impaired cardiac function in response to stress. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying these effects remains unknown. In the current study, we used rat models of TTNtv to investigate the effect of TTNtv on autophagy and mitochondrial function, which are essential for maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis and cardiac function. In both the proximal and distal TTNtv rat models, we found increased levels of LC3B-II and p62 proteins, indicative of diminished autophagic degradation. The accumulation of autophagosomes and p62 protein in cardiomyocytes was also demonstrated by electron microscopy and immunochemistry, respectively. Impaired autophagy in the TTNtv heart was associated with increased phosphorylation of mTOR and decreased protein levels of the lysosomal protease, cathepsin B. In addition, TTNtv hearts showed mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased oxygen consumption rate in cardiomyocytes, increased levels of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial protein ubiquitination. We also observed increased acetylation of mitochondrial proteins associated with decreased NAD+/NADH ratio in the TTNtv hearts. mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, was able to rescue the impaired autophagy in TTNtv hearts. In summary, TTNtv leads to impaired autophagy and mitochondrial function in the heart. These changes not only provide molecular mechanisms that underlie TTNtv-associated ventricular remodeling but also offer potential targets for its intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Ng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole S J Ko
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorna R Fiedler
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ester Khin
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norliza E Sahib
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia P Chothani
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul M Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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66
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Braidy N, Liu Y. NAD+ therapy in age-related degenerative disorders: A benefit/risk analysis. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110831. [PMID: 31917996 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that is present in all living cells. NAD+ acts as an important cofactor and substrate for a multitude of biological processes including energy production, DNA repair, gene expression, calcium-dependent secondary messenger signalling and immunoregulatory roles. The de novo synthesis of NAD+ is primarily dependent on the kynurenine pathway (KP), although NAD+ can also be recycled from nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinamide riboside (NR). NAD+ levels have been reported to decline during ageing and age-related diseases. Recent studies have shown that raising intracellular NAD+ levels represents a promising therapeutic strategy for age-associated degenerative diseases in general and to extend lifespan in small animal models. A systematic review of the literature available on Medline, Embase and Pubmed was undertaken to evaluate the potential health and/or longevity benefits due to increasing NAD+ levels. A total of 1545 articles were identified and 147 articles (113 preclinical and 34 clinical) met criteria for inclusion. Most studies indicated that the NAD+ precursors NAM, NR, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and to a lesser extent NAD+ and NADH had a favourable outcome on several age-related disorders associated with the accumulation of chronic oxidative stress, inflammation and impaired mitochondrial function. While these compounds presented with a limited acute toxicity profile, evidence is still quite limited and long-term human clinical trials are still nascent in the current literature. Potential risks in raising NAD+ levels in various clinical disorders using NAD+ precursors include the accumulation of putative toxic metabolites, tumorigenesis and promotion of cellular senescence. Therefore, NAD+ metabolism represents a promising target and further studies are needed to recapitulate the preclinical benefits in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Yue Liu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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67
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Disruption of Acetyl-Lysine Turnover in Muscle Mitochondria Promotes Insulin Resistance and Redox Stress without Overt Respiratory Dysfunction. Cell Metab 2020; 31:131-147.e11. [PMID: 31813822 PMCID: PMC6952241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to examine the functional significance of mitochondrial protein acetylation using a double knockout (DKO) mouse model harboring muscle-specific deficits in acetyl-CoA buffering and lysine deacetylation, due to genetic ablation of carnitine acetyltransferase and Sirtuin 3, respectively. DKO mice are highly susceptible to extreme hyperacetylation of the mitochondrial proteome and develop a more severe form of diet-induced insulin resistance than either single KO mouse line. However, the functional phenotype of hyperacetylated DKO mitochondria is largely normal. Of the >120 measures of respiratory function assayed, the most consistently observed traits of a markedly heightened acetyl-lysine landscape are enhanced oxygen flux in the context of fatty acid fuel and elevated rates of electron leak. In sum, the findings challenge the notion that lysine acetylation causes broad-ranging damage to mitochondrial quality and performance and raise the possibility that acetyl-lysine turnover, rather than acetyl-lysine stoichiometry, modulates redox balance and carbon flux.
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68
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Assiri MA, Ali HR, Marentette JO, Yun Y, Liu J, Hirschey MD, Saba LM, Harris PS, Fritz KS. Investigating RNA expression profiles altered by nicotinamide mononucleotide therapy in a chronic model of alcoholic liver disease. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:65. [PMID: 31823815 PMCID: PMC6902345 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption is a significant cause of liver disease worldwide. Several biochemical mechanisms have been linked to the initiation and progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, including the disruption of NAD+/NADH. Indeed, an ethanol-mediated reduction in hepatic NAD+ levels is thought to be one factor underlying ethanol-induced steatosis, oxidative stress, steatohepatitis, insulin resistance, and inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Therefore, we applied a NAD+ boosting supplement to investigate alterations in the pathogenesis of early-stage ALD. METHODS To examine the impact of NAD+ therapy on the early stages of ALD, we utilized nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) at 500 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection every other day, for the duration of a Lieber-DeCarli 6-week chronic ethanol model in mice. Numerous strategies were employed to characterize the effect of NMN therapy, including the integration of RNA-seq, immunoblotting, and metabolomics analysis. RESULTS Our findings reveal that NMN therapy increased hepatic NAD+ levels, prevented an ethanol-induced increase in plasma ALT and AST, and changed the expression of 25% of the genes that were modulated by ethanol metabolism. These genes were associated with a number of pathways including the MAPK pathway. Interestingly, our analysis revealed that NMN treatment normalized Erk1/2 signaling and prevented an induction of Atf3 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal previously unreported mechanisms by which NMN supplementation alters hepatic gene expression and protein pathways to impact ethanol hepatotoxicity in an early-stage murine model of ALD. Overall, our data suggest further research is needed to fully characterize treatment paradigms and biochemical implications of NAD+-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi R Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - John O Marentette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Youngho Yun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Laura M Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Peter S Harris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristofer S Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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69
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Yamamura S, Izumiya Y, Araki S, Nakamura T, Kimura Y, Hanatani S, Yamada T, Ishida T, Yamamoto M, Onoue Y, Arima Y, Yamamoto E, Sunagawa Y, Yoshizawa T, Nakagata N, Bober E, Braun T, Sakamoto K, Kaikita K, Morimoto T, Yamagata K, Tsujita K. Cardiomyocyte Sirt (Sirtuin) 7 Ameliorates Stress-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy by Interacting With and Deacetylating GATA4. Hypertension 2019; 75:98-108. [PMID: 31735083 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sirt (Sirtuin) 7, the most recently identified mammalian sirtuin, has been shown to contribute to appropriate wound healing processes after acute cardiovascular insult. However, its role in the development of cardiac remodeling after pressure overload is unclear. Cardiomyocyte-specific Sirt7-knockout and control mice were subjected to pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction. Cardiac hypertrophy and functions were then examined in these mice. Sirt7 protein expression was increased in myocardial tissue after pressure overload. Transverse aortic constriction-induced increases in heart weight/tibial length were significantly augmented in cardiomyocyte-specific Sirt7-knockout mice compared with those of control mice. Histological analysis showed that the cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and fibrosis area were significantly larger in cardiomyocyte-specific Sirt7-deficient mice. Cardiac contractile functions were markedly decreased in cardiomyocyte-specific Sirt7-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we found that Sirt7 interacted directly with GATA4 and that the exacerbation of phenylephrine-induced cardiac hypertrophy by Sirt7 knockdown was decreased by GATA4 knockdown. Sirt7 deacetylated GATA4 in cardiomyocytes and regulated its transcriptional activity. Interestingly, we demonstrated that treatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide, a known key NAD+ intermediate, ameliorated agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophies in a Sirt7-dependent manner in vitro. Sirt7 deficiency in cardiomyocytes promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in response to pressure overload. Sirt7 exerts its antihypertrophic effect by interacting with and promoting deacetylation of GATA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yamamura
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Izumiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (Y.I.)
| | - Satoshi Araki
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
- Medical Biochemistry (S.A., T. Yoshizawa, K.Y.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Taishi Nakamura
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kimura
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hanatani
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamada
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ishida
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Onoue
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan (Y.S., T.M.)
| | - Tatsuya Yoshizawa
- Medical Biochemistry (S.A., T. Yoshizawa, K.Y.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (N.N.), Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Eva Bober
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.B., T.B.)
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (E.B., T.B.)
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Koichi Kaikita
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan (Y.S., T.M.)
| | - Kazuya Yamagata
- Medical Biochemistry (S.A., T. Yoshizawa, K.Y.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences (K.Y., K.T.), Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.Y., S.A., T.N., Y.K., S.H., T. Yamada, T.I., M.Y., Y.O., Y.A., E.Y., K.S., K.K., K.T.), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences (K.Y., K.T.), Kumamoto University, Japan
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70
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Bonora M, Wieckowski MR, Sinclair DA, Kroemer G, Pinton P, Galluzzi L. Targeting mitochondria for cardiovascular disorders: therapeutic potential and obstacles. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 16:33-55. [PMID: 30177752 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction has a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular disorders. Over the past 2 decades, extraordinary efforts have been focused on the development of agents that specifically target mitochondria for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Despite such an intensive wave of investigation, no drugs specifically conceived to modulate mitochondrial functions are currently available for the clinical management of cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondria in patients with cardiovascular disease, examine the obstacles that have restrained the development of mitochondria-targeting agents thus far, and identify strategies that might empower the full clinical potential of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine Research, Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. .,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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71
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Tian R, Colucci WS, Arany Z, Bachschmid MM, Ballinger SW, Boudina S, Bruce JE, Busija DW, Dikalov S, Dorn GW, Galis ZS, Gottlieb RA, Kelly DP, Kitsis RN, Kohr MJ, Levy D, Lewandowski ED, McClung JM, Mochly-Rosen D, O’Brien KD, O’Rourke B, Park JY, Ping P, Sack MN, Sheu SS, Shi Y, Shiva S, Wallace DC, Weiss RG, Vernon HJ, Wong R, Longacre LS. Unlocking the Secrets of Mitochondria in the Cardiovascular System: Path to a Cure in Heart Failure—A Report from the 2018 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop. Circulation 2019; 140:1205-1216. [PMID: 31769940 PMCID: PMC6880654 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as a central factor in the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure, and other cardiovascular diseases, as well, but no therapies are available to treat mitochondrial dysfunction. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a group of leading experts in heart failure, cardiovascular diseases, and mitochondria research in August 2018. These experts reviewed the current state of science and identified key gaps and opportunities in basic, translational, and clinical research focusing on the potential of mitochondria-based therapeutic strategies in heart failure. The workshop provided short- and long-term recommendations for moving the field toward clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of heart failure and cardiovascular diseases by using mitochondria-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine,, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Zoltan Arany
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Scott W. Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - James E. Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David W. Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sergey Dikalov
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Gerald W. Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Zorina S. Galis
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Daniel P. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard N. Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Mark J. Kohr
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel Levy
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Brian O’Rourke
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joon-Young Park
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peipei Ping
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael N. Sack
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Yang Shi
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert G. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hilary J. Vernon
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Renee Wong
- National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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Abstract
The sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacylases (SIRT1-7) are thought to be responsible, in large part, for the cardiometabolic benefits of lean diets and exercise and when upregulated can delay key aspects of aging. SIRT1, for example, protects against a decline in vascular endothelial function, metabolic syndrome, ischemia-reperfusion injury, obesity, and cardiomyopathy, and SIRT3 is protective against dyslipidemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury. With increasing age, however, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and sirtuin activity steadily decrease, and the decline is further exacerbated by obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Activation of sirtuins or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide repletion induces angiogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and other health benefits in a wide range of age-related cardiovascular and metabolic disease models. Human clinical trials testing agents that activate SIRT1 or boost nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels are in progress and show promise in their ability to improve the health of cardiovascular and metabolic disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.E.K., D.A.S.)
| | - David A Sinclair
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.E.K., D.A.S.).,Department of Pharmacology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (D.A.S.)
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73
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Allosteric, transcriptional and post-translational control of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Biochem J 2019; 476:1695-1712. [PMID: 31217327 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the organ with highest energy turnover rate (per unit weight) in our body. The heart relies on its flexible and powerful catabolic capacity to continuously generate large amounts of ATP utilizing many energy substrates including fatty acids, carbohydrates (glucose and lactate), ketones and amino acids. The normal health mainly utilizes fatty acids (40-60%) and glucose (20-40%) for ATP production while ketones and amino acids have a minor contribution (10-15% and 1-2%, respectively). Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is the major contributor to cardiac energy production (95%) while cytosolic glycolysis has a marginal contribution (5%). The heart can dramatically and swiftly switch between energy-producing pathways and/or alter the share from each of the energy substrates based on cardiac workload, availability of each energy substrate and neuronal and hormonal activity. The heart is equipped with a highly sophisticated and powerful mitochondrial machinery which synchronizes cardiac energy production from different substrates and orchestrates the rate of ATP production to accommodate its contractility demands. This review discusses mitochondrial cardiac energy metabolism and how it is regulated. This includes a discussion on the allosteric control of cardiac energy metabolism by short-chain coenzyme A esters, including malonyl CoA and its effect on cardiac metabolic preference. We also discuss the transcriptional level of energy regulation and its role in the maturation of cardiac metabolism after birth and cardiac adaptability for different metabolic conditions and energy demands. The role post-translational modifications, namely phosphorylation, acetylation, malonylation, succinylation and glutarylation, play in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism is also discussed.
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74
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Koentges C, Cimolai MC, Pfeil K, Wolf D, Marchini T, Tarkhnishvili A, Hoffmann MM, Odening KE, Diehl P, von Zur Mühlen C, Alvarez S, Bode C, Zirlik A, Bugger H. Impaired SIRT3 activity mediates cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemia by calpain-dependent disruption of ATP synthesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:138-147. [PMID: 31201798 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy contributes to the high mortality of septic shock in critically ill patients. Since the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, we hypothesized that sepsis-induced impairment of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) activity contributes to the development of septic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 6 h resulted in myocardial NAD+ depletion and increased mitochondrial protein acetylation, indicating impaired myocardial SIRT3 activity due to NAD+ depletion. LPS treatment also resulted in impaired cardiac output in isolated working hearts, indicating endotoxemia-induced cardiomyopathy. Maintaining normal myocardial NAD+ levels in LPS-treated mice by Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP1) deletion prevented cardiac dysfunction, whereas additional SIRT3 deficiency blunted this beneficial effect, indicating that impaired SIRT3 activity contributes to cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemia. Measurements of mitochondrial ATP synthesis suggest that LPS-induced contractile dysfunction may result from cardiac energy depletion due to impaired SIRT3 activity. Pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial calpains using MDL28170 normalized LPS-induced cleavage of the ATP5A1 subunit of ATP synthase and normalized contractile dysfunction, suggesting that cardiac energy depletion may result from calpain-mediated cleavage of ATP5A1. These beneficial effects were completely blunted by SIRT3 deficiency. Finally, a gene set enrichment analysis of hearts of patients with septic, ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy revealed a sepsis-specific suppression of SIRT3 deacetylation targets, including ATP5A1, indicating a functional relevance of SIRT3-dependent pathways in human sepsis. CONCLUSIONS Impaired SIRT3 activity may mediate cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemia by facilitating calpain-mediated disruption of ATP synthesis, suggesting SIRT3 activation as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Koentges
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - María C Cimolai
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Freiburg, Germany; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, CONICET, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Katharina Pfeil
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Michael M Hoffmann
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja E Odening
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Diehl
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constantin von Zur Mühlen
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christoph Bode
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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75
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Belbellaa B, Reutenauer L, Monassier L, Puccio H. Correction of half the cardiomyocytes fully rescue Friedreich ataxia mitochondrial cardiomyopathy through cell-autonomous mechanisms. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1274-1285. [PMID: 30544254 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FA) is currently an incurable inherited mitochondrial neurodegenerative disease caused by reduced levels of frataxin. Cardiac failure constitutes the main cause of premature death in FA. While adeno-associated virus-mediated cardiac gene therapy was shown to fully reverse the cardiac and mitochondrial phenotype in mouse models, this was achieved at high dose of vector resulting in the transduction of almost all cardiomyocytes, a dose and biodistribution that is unlikely to be replicated in clinic. The purpose of this study was to define the minimum vector biodistribution corresponding to the therapeutic threshold, at different stages of the disease progression. Correlative analysis of vector cardiac biodistribution, survival, cardiac function and biochemical hallmarks of the disease revealed that full rescue of the cardiac function was achieved when only half of the cardiomyocytes were transduced. In addition, meaningful therapeutic effect was achieved with as little as 30% transduction coverage. This therapeutic effect was mediated through cell-autonomous mechanisms for mitochondria homeostasis, although a significant increase in survival of uncorrected neighboring cells was observed. Overall, this study identifies the biodistribution thresholds and the underlying mechanisms conditioning the success of cardiac gene therapy in Friedreich ataxia and provides guidelines for the development of the clinical administration paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Belbellaa
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Laurence Reutenauer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Monassier
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Puccio
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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76
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Fisher-Wellman KH, Draper JA, Davidson MT, Williams AS, Narowski TM, Slentz DH, Ilkayeva OR, Stevens RD, Wagner GR, Najjar R, Hirschey MD, Thompson JW, Olson DP, Kelly DP, Koves TR, Grimsrud PA, Muoio DM. Respiratory Phenomics across Multiple Models of Protein Hyperacylation in Cardiac Mitochondria Reveals a Marginal Impact on Bioenergetics. Cell Rep 2019; 26:1557-1572.e8. [PMID: 30726738 PMCID: PMC6478502 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl CoA metabolites derived from the catabolism of carbon fuels can react with lysine residues of mitochondrial proteins, giving rise to a large family of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Mass spectrometry-based detection of thousands of acyl-PTMs scattered throughout the proteome has established a strong link between mitochondrial hyperacylation and cardiometabolic diseases; however, the functional consequences of these modifications remain uncertain. Here, we use a comprehensive respiratory diagnostics platform to evaluate three disparate models of mitochondrial hyperacylation in the mouse heart caused by genetic deletion of malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD), SIRT5 demalonylase and desuccinylase, or SIRT3 deacetylase. In each case, elevated acylation is accompanied by marginal respiratory phenotypes. Of the >60 mitochondrial energy fluxes evaluated, the only outcome consistently observed across models is a ∼15% decrease in ATP synthase activity. In sum, the findings suggest that the vast majority of mitochondrial acyl PTMs occur as stochastic events that minimally affect mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - James A Draper
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Michael T Davidson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Ashley S Williams
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Tara M Narowski
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Dorothy H Slentz
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Robert D Stevens
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Gregory R Wagner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Rami Najjar
- Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA 01923, USA
| | - Mathew D Hirschey
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - J Will Thompson
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David P Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Paul A Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Exploration of Diverse Therapeutic Applications of a Potential Molecule. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9010034. [PMID: 30669679 PMCID: PMC6359187 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a nucleotide that is most recognized for its role as an intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. Although the biosynthetic pathway of NMN varies between eukaryote and prokaryote, two pathways are mainly followed in case of eukaryotic human-one is through the salvage pathway using nicotinamide while the other follows phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside. Due to the unavailability of a suitable transporter, NMN enters inside the mammalian cell in the form of nicotinamide riboside followed by its subsequent conversion to NMN and NAD+. This particular molecule has demonstrated several beneficial pharmacological activities in preclinical studies, which suggest its potential therapeutic use. Mostly mediated by its involvement in NAD+ biosynthesis, the pharmacological activities of NMN include its role in cellular biochemical functions, cardioprotection, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and complications associated with obesity. The recent groundbreaking discovery of anti-ageing activities of this chemical moiety has added a valuable essence in the research involving this molecule. This review focuses on the biosynthesis of NMN in mammalian and prokaryotic cells and mechanism of absorption along with the reported pharmacological activities in murine model.
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78
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Multi-targeted Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Brain Bioenergetic Metabolism. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2280-2287. [PMID: 30661231 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctions in NAD+ metabolism are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, acute brain injury, diabetes, and aging. Loss of NAD+ levels results in impairment of mitochondria function, which leads to failure of essential metabolic processes. Strategies to replenish depleted NAD+ pools can offer significant improvements of pathologic states. NAD+ levels are maintained by two opposing enzymatic reactions, one is the consumption of NAD+ while the other is the re-synthesis of NAD+. Inhibition of NAD+ degrading enzymes, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) and ectoenzyme CD38, following brain ischemic insult can provide neuroprotection. Preservation of NAD+ pools by administration of NAD+ precursors, such as nicotinamide (Nam) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), also offers neuroprotection. However, NMN treatment demonstrates to be a promising candidate as a therapeutic approach due to its multi-targeted effect acting as PARP1 and CD38 inhibitor, sirtuins activator, mitochondrial fission inhibitor, and NAD+ supplement. Many neurodegenerative diseases or acute brain injury activate several cellular death pathways requiring a treatment strategy that will target these mechanisms. Since NMN demonstrated the ability to exert its effect on several cellular metabolic pathways involved in brain pathophysiology it seems to be one of the most promising candidates to be used for successful neuroprotection.
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79
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Mongelli A, Gaetano C. Controversial Impact of Sirtuins in Chronic Non-Transmissible Diseases and Rehabilitation Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103080. [PMID: 30304806 PMCID: PMC6213918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence reports about the positive effects of physical activity in pathophysiological conditions associated with aging. Physical exercise, alone or in combination with other medical therapies, unquestionably causes reduction of symptoms in chronic non-transmissible diseases often leading to significant amelioration or complete healing. The molecular basis of this exciting outcome—however, remain largely obscure. Epigenetics, exploring at the interface between environmental signals and the remodeling of chromatin structure, promises to shed light on this intriguing matter possibly contributing to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we shall focalize on the role of sirtuins (Sirts) a class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), which function has been frequently associated, often with a controversial role, to the pathogenesis of aging-associated pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular, muscular, neurodegenerative, bones and respiratory diseases. Numerous studies, in fact, demonstrate that Sirt-dependent pathways are activated upon physical and cognitive exercises linking mitochondrial function, DNA structure remodeling and gene expression regulation to designed medical therapies leading to tangible beneficial outcomes. However, in similar conditions, other studies assign to sirtuins a negative pathophysiological role. In spite of this controversial effect, it is doubtless that studying sirtuins in chronic diseases might lead to an unprecedented improvement of life quality in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- ICS Maugeri S.p.A., SB, via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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80
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Fakouri NB, Hou Y, Demarest TG, Christiansen LS, Okur MN, Mohanty JG, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Toward understanding genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction and aging. FEBS J 2018; 286:1058-1073. [PMID: 30238623 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The biology of aging is an area of intense research, and many questions remain about how and why cell and organismal functions decline over time. In mammalian cells, genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be among the primary drivers of cellular aging. This review focuses on the interrelationship between genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction in mammalian cells and its relevance to age-related functional decline at the molecular and cellular level. The importance of oxidative stress and key DNA damage response pathways in cellular aging is discussed, with a special focus on poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, whose persistent activation depletes cellular energy reserves, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of energy homeostasis, and altered cellular metabolism. Elucidation of the relationship between genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the signaling pathways that connect these pathways/processes are keys to the future of research on human aging. An important component of mitochondrial health preservation is mitophagy, and this and other areas that are particularly ripe for future investigation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima B Fakouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yujun Hou
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tyler G Demarest
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Louise S Christiansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mustafa N Okur
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joy G Mohanty
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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81
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Schaefer PM, Kalinina S, Rueck A, von Arnim CAF, von Einem B. NADH Autofluorescence-A Marker on its Way to Boost Bioenergetic Research. Cytometry A 2018; 95:34-46. [PMID: 30211978 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
More than 60 years ago, the idea was introduced that NADH autofluorescence could be used as a marker of cellular redox state and indirectly also of cellular energy metabolism. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of NADH autofluorescence offers a marker-free readout of the mitochondrial function of cells in their natural microenvironment and allows different pools of NADH to be distinguished within a cell. Despite its many advantages in terms of spatial resolution and in vivo applicability, this technique still requires improvement in order to be fully useful in bioenergetics research. In the present review, we give a summary of technical and biological challenges that have so far limited the spread of this powerful technology. To help overcome these challenges, we provide a comprehensible overview of biological applications of NADH imaging, along with a detailed summary of valid imaging approaches that may be used to tackle many biological questions. This review is meant to provide all scientists interested in bioenergetics with support on how to embed successfully NADH imaging in their research. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sviatlana Kalinina
- Core Facility Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Angelika Rueck
- Core Facility Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine A F von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Clinic for Neurogeriatrics and Neurological Rehabilitation, University- and Rehabilitation Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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82
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the development of heart failure. Oxidative metabolism in mitochondria is the main energy source of the heart, and the inability to generate and transfer energy has long been considered the primary mechanism linking mitochondrial dysfunction and contractile failure. However, the role of mitochondria in heart failure is now increasingly recognized to be beyond that of a failed power plant. In this Review, we summarize recent evidence demonstrating vicious cycles of pathophysiological mechanisms during the pathological remodeling of the heart that drive mitochondrial contributions from being compensatory to being a suicide mission. These mechanisms include bottlenecks of metabolic flux, redox imbalance, protein modification, ROS-induced ROS generation, impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, and inflammation. The interpretation of these findings will lead us to novel avenues for disease mechanisms and therapy.
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83
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Walker
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
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84
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Hershberger KA, Abraham DM, Liu J, Locasale JW, Grimsrud PA, Hirschey MD. Ablation of Sirtuin5 in the postnatal mouse heart results in protein succinylation and normal survival in response to chronic pressure overload. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10630-10645. [PMID: 29769314 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is an NAD+-dependent demalonylase, desuccinylase, and deglutarylase that controls several metabolic pathways. A number of recent studies point to SIRT5 desuccinylase activity being important in maintaining cardiac function and metabolism under stress. Previously, we described a phenotype of increased mortality in whole-body SIRT5KO mice exposed to chronic pressure overload compared with their littermate WT controls. To determine whether the survival phenotype we reported was due to a cardiac-intrinsic or cardiac-extrinsic effect of SIRT5, we developed a tamoxifen-inducible, heart-specific SIRT5 knockout (SIRT5KO) mouse model. Using our new animal model, we discovered that postnatal cardiac ablation of Sirt5 resulted in persistent accumulation of protein succinylation up to 30 weeks after SIRT5 depletion. Succinyl proteomics revealed that succinylation increased on proteins of oxidative metabolism between 15 and 31 weeks after ablation. Heart-specific SIRT5KO mice were exposed to chronic pressure overload to induce cardiac hypertrophy. We found that, in contrast to whole-body SIRT5KO mice, there was no difference in survival between heart-specific SIRT5KO mice and their littermate controls. Overall, the data presented here suggest that survival of SIRT5KO mice may be dictated by a multitissue or prenatal effect of SIRT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Hershberger
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701 and.,the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology
| | - Dennis M Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Duke Cardiovascular Physiology Core, and
| | - Juan Liu
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701 and.,the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology
| | - Jason W Locasale
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701 and.,the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology
| | - Paul A Grimsrud
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701 and
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701 and .,the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Walker MA, Tian R. NAD(H) in mitochondrial energy transduction: implications for health and disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 3:101-109. [PMID: 32258851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that oxidize nutrients, make ATP, and fuel eukaryotic life. Their energy providing function is directly dependent on enzymes and coenzymes contained within the organelle. Perhaps, the most important coenzymes for energy yielding reactions are the pyridine nucleotides NAD(H) and NADP(H). Both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism rely on the electron carrying properties of pyridine nucleotides to regulate energy production. The intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio controls the rate of ATP synthesis by regulating flux through NAD(H)-linked dehydrogenases and by activating NAD+ dependent enzymes that post-translationally modify proteins. Thus, mitochondrial energy transduction pathways can be substantially mediated by NAD+; as an electron carrier exerting control over dehydrogenase enzymes or by activating enzymes that affect protein modification. The importance of this is highlighted in the explosion of recent studies linking impaired NAD+ metabolism to human health and disease. Most notably, studies linking changes in NAD+ availability or altered NAD+/NADH ratio to derangements in metabolic and cellular energy transduction processes. In this review, we focus on the most recent investigative efforts to identify the role NAD+ plays in modulating mitochondrial function and also summarize the current knowledge describing the therapeutic application of elevating NAD+ levels via pharmacologic and genetic approaches to treat human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Walker
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), the cell's hydrogen carrier for redox enzymes, is well known for its role in redox reactions. More recently, it has emerged as a signaling molecule. By modulating NAD+-sensing enzymes, NAD+ controls hundreds of key processes from energy metabolism to cell survival, rising and falling depending on food intake, exercise, and the time of day. NAD+ levels steadily decline with age, resulting in altered metabolism and increased disease susceptibility. Restoration of NAD+ levels in old or diseased animals can promote health and extend lifespan, prompting a search for safe and efficacious NAD-boosting molecules that hold the promise of increasing the body's resilience, not just to one disease, but to many, thereby extending healthy human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rajman
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karolina Chwalek
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory for Ageing Research, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Yoshino J, Baur JA, Imai SI. NAD + Intermediates: The Biology and Therapeutic Potential of NMN and NR. Cell Metab 2018; 27:513-528. [PMID: 29249689 PMCID: PMC5842119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research on the biology of NAD+ has been gaining momentum, providing many critical insights into the pathogenesis of age-associated functional decline and diseases. In particular, two key NAD+ intermediates, nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), have been extensively studied over the past several years. Supplementing these NAD+ intermediates has shown preventive and therapeutic effects, ameliorating age-associated pathophysiologies and disease conditions. Although the pharmacokinetics and metabolic fates of NMN and NR are still under intensive investigation, these NAD+ intermediates can exhibit distinct behavior, and their fates appear to depend on the tissue distribution and expression levels of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes, nucleotidases, and presumptive transporters for each. A comprehensive concept that connects NAD+ metabolism to the control of aging and longevity in mammals has been proposed, and the stage is now set to test whether these exciting preclinical results can be translated to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8103, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-114 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Building 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5160, USA.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine (Joint), Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8103, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Project for Elucidating and Controlling Mechanisms of Aging and Longevity, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ianni A, Yuan X, Bober E, Braun T. Sirtuins in the Cardiovascular System: Potential Targets in Pediatric Cardiology. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:983-992. [PMID: 29497772 PMCID: PMC5958173 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a major cause of death and morbidity. Cardiac and vascular pathologies develop predominantly in the aged population in part due to lifelong exposure to numerous risk factors but are also found in children and during adolescence. In comparison to adults, much has to be learned about the molecular pathways driving cardiovascular diseases in the pediatric population. Sirtuins are highly conserved enzymes that play pivotal roles in ensuring cardiac homeostasis under physiological and stress conditions. In this review, we discuss novel findings about the biological functions of these molecules in the cardiovascular system and their possible involvement in pediatric cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ianni
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwig Strasse 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Xuejun Yuan
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwig Strasse 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Eva Bober
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwig Strasse 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwig Strasse 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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Matasic DS, Brenner C, London B. Emerging potential benefits of modulating NAD + metabolism in cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H839-H852. [PMID: 29351465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00409.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and related metabolites are central mediators of fuel oxidation and bioenergetics within cardiomyocytes. Additionally, NAD+ is required for the activity of multifunctional enzymes, including sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases that regulate posttranslational modifications, DNA damage responses, and Ca2+ signaling. Recent research has indicated that NAD+ participates in a multitude of processes dysregulated in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, supplementation of NAD+ precursors, including nicotinamide riboside that boosts or repletes the NAD+ metabolome, may be cardioprotective. This review examines the molecular physiology and preclinical data with respect to NAD+ precursors in heart failure-related cardiac remodeling, ischemic-reperfusion injury, and arrhythmias. In addition, alternative NAD+-boosting strategies and potential systemic effects of NAD+ supplementation with implications on cardiovascular health and disease are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Matasic
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Charles Brenner
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Barry London
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
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Hershberger KA, Abraham DM, Martin AS, Mao L, Liu J, Gu H, Locasale JW, Hirschey MD. Sirtuin 5 is required for mouse survival in response to cardiac pressure overload. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19767-19781. [PMID: 28972174 PMCID: PMC5712617 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In mitochondria, the sirtuin SIRT5 is an NAD+-dependent protein deacylase that controls several metabolic pathways. Although a wide range of SIRT5 targets have been identified, the overall function of SIRT5 in organismal metabolic homeostasis remains unclear. Given that SIRT5 expression is highest in the heart and that sirtuins are commonly stress-response proteins, we used an established model of pressure overload-induced heart muscle hypertrophy caused by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to determine SIRT5's role in cardiac stress responses. Remarkably, SIRT5KO mice had reduced survival upon TAC compared with wild-type mice but exhibited no mortality when undergoing a sham control operation. The increased mortality with TAC was associated with increased pathological hypertrophy and with key abnormalities in both cardiac performance and ventricular compliance. By combining high-resolution MS-based metabolomic and proteomic analyses of cardiac tissues from wild-type and SIRT5KO mice, we found several biochemical abnormalities exacerbated in the SIRT5KO mice, including apparent decreases in fatty acid oxidation and glucose oxidation as well as an overall decrease in mitochondrial NAD+/NADH. Together, these abnormalities suggest that SIRT5 deacylates protein substrates involved in cellular oxidative metabolism to maintain mitochondrial energy production. Overall, the functional and metabolic results presented here suggest an accelerated development of cardiac dysfunction in SIRT5KO mice in response to TAC, explaining increased mortality upon cardiac stress. Our findings reveal a key role for SIRT5 in maintaining cardiac oxidative metabolism under pressure overload to ensure survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Hershberger
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701
- the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Dennis M Abraham
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Duke Cardiovascular Physiology Core, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Angelical S Martin
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701
- the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Lan Mao
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Duke Cardiovascular Physiology Core, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Juan Liu
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701
- the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Hongbo Gu
- Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts 01923, and
| | - Jason W Locasale
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701
- the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- From the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701,
- the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
- the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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