51
|
Cornelissen LM, Henneman L, Drenth AP, Schut E, de Bruijn R, Klarenbeek S, Zwart W, Jonkers J. Exogenous ERα Expression in the Mammary Epithelium Decreases Over Time and Does Not Contribute to p53-Deficient Mammary Tumor Formation in Mice. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:305-321. [PMID: 31729597 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-019-09437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 75% of all breast cancers express the nuclear hormone receptor estrogen receptor α (ERα). However, the majority of mammary tumors from genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are ERα-negative. To model ERα-positive breast cancer in mice, we exogenously introduced expression of mouse and human ERα in an existing GEMM of p53-deficient breast cancer. After initial ERα expression during mammary gland development, expression was reduced or lost in adult glands and p53-deficient mammary tumors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing analysis of primary mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs) derived from these models, in which expression of the ERα constructs was induced in vitro, confirmed interaction of ERα with the DNA. In human breast and endometrial cancer, and also in healthy breast tissue, DNA binding of ERα is facilitated by the pioneer factor FOXA1. Surprisingly, the ERα binding sites identified in primary MMECs, but also in mouse mammary gland and uterus, showed an high enrichment of ERE motifs, but were devoid of Forkhead motifs. Furthermore, exogenous introduction of FOXA1 and GATA3 in ERα-expressing MMECs was not sufficient to promote ERα-responsiveness of these cells. Together, this suggests that species-specific differences in pioneer factor usage between mouse and human are dictated by the DNA sequence, resulting in ERα-dependencies in mice that are not FOXA1 driven. These species-specific differences in ERα-biology may limit the utility of mice for in vivo modeling of ERα-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisette M Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging - Transgenic facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Schut
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenisis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Swiatnicki MR, Andrechek ER. How to Choose a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer, a Genomic Perspective. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:231-243. [PMID: 31227983 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-019-09433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with numerous subtypes that have been defined through immunohistological, histological, and gene expression patterns. The diversity of breast cancer has made the study of its various underlying causes complex. To facilitate the examination of particular facets of breast cancer, mouse models have been generated, ranging from carcinogen induced models to genetically engineered mice. While mouse models have been generated to mimic the initiating event, including p53 loss, BRCA loss, or overexpression of HER2 / Neu / erbB2, other genomic events are often not well characterized. However, these secondary genetic events are often critical to the mouse tumor evolution, subtype, and outcome, just as they are in human breast cancer. As such, these other genomic events are a critical component of what models are chosen to study specific subtypes of human breast cancer. Here we review the genomic analyses that have been completed for various genetically engineered mouse models, how they compare to human breast cancer, and detail how this information can be used in choosing a mouse model for analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Swiatnicki
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2194 BPS Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Pénzváltó Z, Chen JQ, Tepper CG, Davis RR, Silvestrini MT, Umeh-Garcia M, Sweeney C, Borowsky AD. A Syngeneic ErbB2 Mammary Cancer Model for Preclinical Immunotherapy Trials. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:149-162. [PMID: 30810966 PMCID: PMC6612594 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-019-09425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to develop a practical model of breast cancer, with in vitro and syngeneic, immune-intact, in vivo growth capacity, we established a primary cell line derived from a mammary carcinoma in the transgenic FVB/N-Tg(MMTV-ErbB2*)NDL2-5Mul mouse, referred to as "NDLUCD". The cell line is adapted to standard cell culture and can be transplanted into syngeneic FVB/N mice. The line maintains a stable phenotype over multiple in vitro passages and rounds of in vivo transplantation. NDLUCD tumors in FVB/N mice exhibit high expression of ErbB2 and ErbB3 and signaling molecules downstream of ErbB2. The syngeneic transplant tumors elicit an immune reaction in the adjacent stroma, detected and characterized using histology, immunophenotyping, and gene expression. NDLUCD cells also express PD-L1 in vivo and in vitro, and in vivo transplants are reactive to anti-immune checkpoint therapy with responses conducive to immunotherapy studies. This new NDLUCD cell line model is a practical alternative to the more commonly used 4T1 cells, and our previously described FVB/N-Tg(MMTV-PyVT)634Mul derived Met-1fvb2 and FVB/NTg(MMTV-PyVTY315F/Y322F) derived DB-7fvb2 cell lines. The NDLUCD cells have, so far, remained genetically and phenotypically stable over many generations, with consistent and reproducible results in immune intact preclinical cohorts.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/immunology
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Feasibility Studies
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Pénzváltó
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jane Qian Chen
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Clifford G Tepper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ryan R Davis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Matthew T Silvestrini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maxine Umeh-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Colleen Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wei Y, Zhao Q, Gao Z, Lao XM, Lin WM, Chen DP, Mu M, Huang CX, Liu ZY, Li B, Zheng L, Kuang DM. The local immune landscape determines tumor PD-L1 heterogeneity and sensitivity to therapy. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3347-3360. [PMID: 31112529 DOI: 10.1172/jci127726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 is a promising therapeutic target in aggressive cancers. However, immune landscapes and cancer hallmarks of human PD-L1+ tumors, as well as their roles in determining therapeutic efficacies are unknown. Here we identified, in detailed studies of gene data regarding 9769 patients of 32 types of human cancers, that PD-L1 could not exclusively represent IFN-γ signature and potentially signified pro-inflammatory myeloid responses in a tumor. PD-L1 heterogeneity endowed by local immune landscapes controlled cancer hallmarks and clinical outcomes of patients. Mechanically, NF-κB signal elicited by macrophage inflammatory responses generated PD-L1+ cancer cells exhibiting capabilities to aggressively survive, support angiogenesis, and metastasize, whereas STAT1 signal triggered by activated T cells induced PD-L1+ cancer cells susceptive to apoptosis. Importantly, PD-L1+ cancer cells generated by macrophages established great resistance to conventional chemotherapy, cytotoxicity of tumor-specific effector T cells, and therapy of immune checkpoint blockade. Therapeutic strategy combining immune checkpoint blockade with macrophage depletion or NF-κB inhibition in vivo effectively and successfully elicited caner regression. Our results provide insight into the functional features of PD-L1+ tumors and suggest that strategies to influence functional activities of inflammatory cells may benefit immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Ming Lao
- Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ming Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Mu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Xiang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ming Kuang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Goodman ML, Trinca GM, Walter KR, Papachristou EK, D'Santos CS, Li T, Liu Q, Lai Z, Chalise P, Madan R, Fan F, Markiewicz MA, Jin VX, Carroll JS, Hagan CR. Progesterone Receptor Attenuates STAT1-Mediated IFN Signaling in Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:3076-3086. [PMID: 30936295 PMCID: PMC6504603 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Why some tumors remain indolent and others progress to clinical relevance remains a major unanswered question in cancer biology. IFN signaling in nascent tumors, mediated by STAT1, is a critical step through which the surveilling immune system can recognize and destroy developing tumors. In this study, we have identified an interaction between the progesterone receptor (PR) and STAT1 in breast cancer cells. This interaction inhibited efficient IFN-induced STAT1 phosphorylation, as we observed a decrease in phospho-STAT1 in response to IFN treatment in PR-positive breast cancer cell lines. This phenotype was further potentiated in the presence of PR ligand. In human breast cancer samples, PR-positive tumors exhibited lower levels of phospho-STAT1 as compared with their PR-negative counterparts, indicating that this phenotype translates to human tumors. Breast cancer cells lacking PR exhibited higher levels of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) RNA, the transcriptional end point of IFN activation, indicating that unliganded PR alone could decrease transcription of ISGs. Moreover, the absence of PR led to increased recruitment of STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 (key transcription factors necessary for ISG transcription) to ISG promoters. These data indicate that PR, both in the presence and absence of ligand, attenuates IFN-induced STAT1 signaling, culminating in significantly abrogated activation of genes transcribed in response to IFNs. PR-positive tumors may use downregulation of STAT1-mediated IFN signaling to escape immune surveillance, leading to the development of clinically relevant tumors. Selective immune evasion of PR-positive tumors may be one explanation as to why over 65% of breast cancers are PR positive at the time of diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merit L Goodman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Gloria M Trinca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Katherine R Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Evangelia K Papachristou
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Clive S D'Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Tianbao Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Zhao Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Prabhakar Chalise
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Rashna Madan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160; and
| | - Fang Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160; and
| | - Mary A Markiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Victor X Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Christy R Hagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160;
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Sharma J, Larkin J. Therapeutic Implication of SOCS1 Modulation in the Treatment of Autoimmunity and Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:324. [PMID: 31105556 PMCID: PMC6499178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of intracellular proteins has a vital role in the regulation of the immune system and resolution of inflammatory cascades. SOCS1, also called STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI) or JAK-binding protein (JAB), is a member of the SOCS family with actions ranging from immune modulation to cell cycle regulation. Knockout of SOCS1 leads to perinatal lethality in mice and increased vulnerability to cancer, while several SNPs associated with the SOCS1 gene have been implicated in human inflammation-mediated diseases. In this review, we describe the mechanism of action of SOCS1 and its potential therapeutic role in the prevention and treatment of autoimmunity and cancer. We also provide a brief outline of the other JAK inhibitors, both FDA-approved and under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joseph Larkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
STAT3 is activated in multicellular spheroids of colon carcinoma cells and mediates expression of IRF9 and interferon stimulated genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:536. [PMID: 30679726 PMCID: PMC6345781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell cultures, such as multicellular spheroids (MCS), reflect the in vivo architecture of solid tumours and multicellular drug resistance. We previously identified interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) to be responsible for the up-regulation of a subset of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) in MCS of colon carcinoma cells. This set of ISGs closely resembled a previously identified IFN-related DNA-damage resistance signature (IRDS) that was correlated to resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. In this study we found that transcription factor STAT3 is activated upstream of IRF9 and binds to the IRF9 promoter in MCS of HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells. Transferring conditioned media (CM) from high cell density conditions to non-confluent cells resulted in STAT3 activation and increased expression of IRF9 and a panel of IRDS genes, also observed in MCS, suggesting the involvement of a soluble factor. Furthermore, we identified gp130/JAK signalling to be responsible for STAT3 activation, IRF9, and IRDS gene expression in MCS and by CM. Our data suggests a novel mechanism where STAT3 is activated in high cell density conditions resulting in increased expression of IRF9 and, in turn, IRDS genes, underlining a mechanism by which drug resistance is regulated.
Collapse
|
58
|
Flood B, Manils J, Nulty C, Flis E, Kenealy S, Barber G, Fay J, Mills KHG, Kay EW, Creagh EM. Caspase-11 regulates the tumour suppressor function of STAT1 in a murine model of colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2018; 38:2658-2674. [PMID: 30538296 PMCID: PMC6484510 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Murine inflammatory caspase-11 has an important role in intestinal epithelial inflammation and barrier function. Activation of the non-canonical inflammasome, mediated by caspase-11, serves as a regulatory pathway for the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and has a key role in pyroptotic cell death. We have previously demonstrated a protective role for caspase-11 during dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, however the importance of caspase-11 during colorectal tumour development remains unclear. Here, we show that Casp11−/− mice are highly susceptible to the azoxymethane (AOM)-DSS model of colitis-associated cancer (CAC), compared to their wild type (WT) littermates. We show that deficient IL-18 production occurs at initial inflammation stages of disease, and that IL-1β production is more significantly impaired in Casp11−/− colons during established CAC. We identify defective STAT1 activation in Casp11−/− colons during disease progression, and show that IL-1β signalling induces caspase-11 expression and STAT1 activation in primary murine macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. These findings uncover an anti-tumour role for the caspase-11 and the non-canonical inflammasome during CAC, and suggest a critical role for caspase-11, linking IL-1β and STAT1 signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Flood
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joan Manils
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ciara Nulty
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ewelina Flis
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sinead Kenealy
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gillian Barber
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joanna Fay
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elaine W Kay
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Emma M Creagh
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Villanueva H, Grimm S, Dhamne S, Rajapakshe K, Visbal A, Davis CM, Ehli EA, Hartig SM, Coarfa C, Edwards DP. The Emerging Roles of Steroid Hormone Receptors in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) of the Breast. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2018; 23:237-248. [PMID: 30338425 PMCID: PMC6244884 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor to most types of invasive breast cancer (IBC). Although it is estimated only one third of untreated patients with DCIS will progress to IBC, standard of care for treatment is surgery and radiation. This therapeutic approach combined with a lack of reliable biomarker panels to predict DCIS progression is a major clinical problem. DCIS shares the same molecular subtypes as IBC including estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive luminal subtypes, which encompass the majority (60-70%) of DCIS. Compared to the established roles of ER and PR in luminal IBC, much less is known about the roles and mechanism of action of estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) and their cognate receptors in the development and progression of DCIS. This is an underexplored area of research due in part to a paucity of suitable experimental models of ER+/PR + DCIS. This review summarizes information from clinical and observational studies on steroid hormones as breast cancer risk factors and ER and PR as biomarkers in DCIS. Lastly, we discuss emerging experimental models of ER+/PR+ DCIS.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Estrogens/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Observational Studies as Topic
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Progesterone/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Risk Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Villanueva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sandra Grimm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sagar Dhamne
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Adriana Visbal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christel M Davis
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, 3720 W 69th St, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Erik A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, 3720 W 69th St, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Ma B, Chen K, Liu P, Li M, Liu J, Sideras K, Sprengers D, Biermann K, Wang W, IJzermans JNM, Cao W, Kwekkeboom J, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q. Dichotomal functions of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated STAT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 97:77-88. [PMID: 30456450 PMCID: PMC6326978 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Interferons (IFNs) with antiviral and immune-stimulatory functions have been widely used in prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a key element of the IFN signaling, and the function of STAT1 is critically determined by its phosphorylation state. This study aims to understand the functions of phosphorylated (p-) and unphosphorylated (u-) STAT1 in HCC. We found that u-STAT1 is significantly elevated in patient HCC tumor tissues and predominantly expressed in cytoplasm; while p-STAT1 is absent. Loss of u-STAT1 potently arrested cell cycle and inhibited cell growth in HCC cells. Induction of p-STAT1 by IFN-α treatment effectively triggers the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), but has moderate effect on HCC cell growth. Interestingly, both u-STAT1 and p-STAT1 are induced by IFN-α, through with distinct time-dependent process. Furthermore, the ISG induction patterns mediated by p-STAT1 and u-STAT1 are also distinct. Importantly, artificial blocking of the induction of u-STAT1, but not p-STAT1, sensitizes HCC cells to treatment of IFNs. Therefore, p-STAT1 and u-STAT1 exert dichotomal functions and coordinately regulate the responsiveness to IFN treatment in HCC. Key Messages STAT1 is upregulated and predominantly presented as u-STAT1 in HCC, while p-STAT1 is absent. U-STAT1 sustains but p-STAT1 inhibits HCC growth. The dynamic change of phosphorylation state of STAT1 control the responsiveness to IFN treatment.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-018-1717-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Room Na-617, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Room Na-617, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Room Na-617, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Room Na-617, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiaye Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Room Na-617, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kostandinos Sideras
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Room Na-617, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Room Na-617, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Biermann
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015CE, The Netherlands
| | - Wenshi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Room Na-617, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, 3015CE, The Netherlands
| | - Wanlu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Room Na-617, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Room Na-617, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Room Na-617, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Room Na-617, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is vital for intracellular quality control and homeostasis. Therefore, careful regulation of autophagy is very important. In the past 10 years, a number of studies have reported that estrogenic effectors affect autophagy. However, some results, especially those regarding the modulatory effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on autophagy seem inconsistent. Moreover, several clinical trials are already in place combining both autophagy inducers and autophagy inhibitors with endocrine therapies for breast cancer. Not all patients experience benefit, which further confuses and complicates our understanding of the main effects of autophagy in estrogen-related cancer. In view of the importance of the crosstalk between estrogen signaling and autophagy, this review summarizes the estrogenic effectors reported to affect autophagy, subcellular distribution and translocation of estrogen receptors, autophagy-targeted transcription factors (TFs), miRNAs, and histone modifications regulated by E2. Upon stimulation with estrogen, there will always be opposing functional actions, which might occur between different receptors, receptors on TFs, TFs on autophagy genes, or even histone modifications on transcription. The huge signaling network downstream of estrogen can promote autophagy and reduce overstimulated autophagy at the same time, which allows autophagy to be regulated by estrogen in a restricted range. To help understand how the estrogenic regulation of autophagy affects cell fate, a hypothetical model is presented here. Finally, we discuss some exciting new directions in the field. We hope this might help to better understand the multiple associations between estrogen and autophagy, the pathogenic mechanisms of many estrogen-related diseases, and to design novel and efficacious therapeutics. Abbreviations: AP-1, activator protein-1; HATs, histone acetyltransferases; HDAC, histone deacetylases; HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiang
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Jing Ren
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Kun Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Hong-Lu Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Yu-Yang Miao
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Qi
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Jeong G, Bae H, Jeong D, Ham J, Park S, Kim HW, Kang HS, Kim SJ. A Kelch domain-containing KLHDC7B and a long non-coding RNA ST8SIA6-AS1 act oppositely on breast cancer cell proliferation via the interferon signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12922. [PMID: 30150751 PMCID: PMC6110865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, the Kelch domain-containing 7B (KLHDC7B) was revealed to be hypermethylated at the promoter but upregulated in breast cancer. In this study, we identified a long non-coding RNA, ST8SIA6-AS1 (STAR1), whose expression was significantly associated with KLHDC7B in breast cancer (R2 = 0.3466, P < 0.01). Involvement of the two genes in tumorigenesis was examined via monitoring their effect on cellular as well as molecular events after each gene dysregulation in cultured mammary cell lines. Apoptosis of MCF-7 decreased by 49.5% and increased by 33.1%, while proliferation noted increase and decrease by up- and downregulation of KLHDC7B, respectively, suggesting its oncogenic property. STAR1, however, suppressed cell migration and increased apoptosis. Network analysis identified many target genes that appeared to have similar regulation, especially in relation to the interferon signaling pathway. Concordantly, expression of genes such as IFITs, STATs, and IL-29 in that pathway was affected by KLHDC7B and STAR1. Taken together, KLHDC7B and STAR1 are both overexpressed in breast cancer and significantly associated with gene modulation activity in the interferon signaling pathway during breast tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gookjoo Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- PanGen Biotech Inc, Suwon, 16675, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Bae
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Ham
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbin Park
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kang
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Lamb CA, Fabris VT, Jacobsen B, Molinolo AA, Lanari C. Biological and clinical impact of imbalanced progesterone receptor isoform ratios in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:ERC-18-0179. [PMID: 29991638 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a consensus that progestins and thus their cognate receptor molecules, the progesterone receptors (PR), are essential in the development of the adult mammary gland and regulators of proliferation and lactation. However, a role for natural progestins in breast carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. A hint to that possible role came from studies in which the synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate was associated with an increased breast cancer risk in women under hormone replacement therapy. However, progestins have been also used for breast cancer treatment and to inhibit the growth of several experimental breast cancer models. More recently, PR have been shown to be regulators of estrogen receptor signaling. With all this information, the question is how can we target PR, and if so, which patients may benefit from such an approach? PR are not single unique molecules. Two main PR isoforms have been characterized, PRA and PRB, that exert different functions and the relative abundance of one isoform respect to the other determines the response of PR agonists and antagonists. Immunohistochemistry with standard antibodies against PR do not discriminate between isoforms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the expression of both PR isoforms in mammary glands, in experimental models of breast cancer and in breast cancer patients, to better understand how the PRA/PRB ratio can be exploited therapeutically to design personalized therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lamb
- C Lamb, Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria T Fabris
- V Fabris, Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Britta Jacobsen
- B Jacobsen, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado at Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- A Molinolo, Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resource, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, United States
| | - Claudia Lanari
- C Lanari, Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Hughes K, Watson CJ. The Multifaceted Role of STAT3 in Mammary Gland Involution and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061695. [PMID: 29875329 PMCID: PMC6032292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since seminal descriptions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as a signal transducer and transcriptional regulator, which is most usually activated by phosphorylation of a specific tyrosine residue, a staggering wealth of research has delineated the key role of this transcription factor as a mediator of mammary gland postlactational regression (involution), and paradoxically, a pro-survival factor in breast cancer and some breast cancer cell lines. STAT3 is a critical regulator of lysosomal-mediated programmed cell death (LM-PCD) during mammary gland involution, where uptake of milk fat globules, and consequent high levels of free fatty acids, cause permeabilisation of lysosomal vesicle membranes, in turn leading to cathepsin protease leakage and cell death. A recent proteomic screen of STAT3-induced changes in lysosomal membrane protein components has highlighted wide-ranging effects of STAT3, which may coordinate LM-PCD via the stimulation of endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and lysosome biogenesis. In parallel, STAT3 regulates the acute phase response during the first phase of involution, and it contributes to shaping the pro-tumourigenic 'wound healing' signature of the gland during the second phase of this process. STAT3 activation during involution is important across species, although some differences exist in the progression of involution in dairy cows. In breast cancer, a number of upstream regulators can lead to STAT3 activation and the effects of phosphorylation of STAT3 are equally wide-ranging. Recent studies have implicated microRNAs in some regulatory pathways. In this review, we will examine the multifaceted role of STAT3 in mammary gland involution and tumourigenesis, incorporating a review of these fundamental processes in tandem with a discussion of recent developments in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Christine J Watson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Yang Z, Meng Q, Zhao Y, Han R, Huang S, Li M, Wu X, Cai W, Wang H. Resveratrol Promoted Interferon-α-Induced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis of SMMC7721 Cells by Activating the SIRT/STAT1. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:261-271. [PMID: 29762078 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-α (IFN-α) resistance is a major hurdle in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) play a key role in exerting the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of IFN-α on tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether resveratrol can promote IFN-α-induced growth inhibition and the apoptosis on HCC cells through the SIRT/STAT1 pathway. We found that IFN-α induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of SMMC7721 cells, and the effects could be significantly enhanced and blocked by resveratrol and EX527, respectively. Resveratrol not only activated SIRT1 but also induced phosphorylation of STAT1. Further study revealed that ablation of STAT1 reduced the combined antitumor effects of IFN-α and resveratrol, lowered the rate of apoptosis, and improved the viability of SMMC7721 cells. Whereas STAT1 overexpression strengthened the combined antitumor effects of resveratrol and IFN-α. Our findings suggest a novel strategy of using resveratrol to enhance the response of HCC to IFN-α treatment through the SIRT/STAT1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchun Yang
- 1 Department of Orthopedic of Fifth Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Daqing, China
| | - Qingyu Meng
- 2 Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University , Daqing, China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- 2 Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University , Daqing, China
| | - Rui Han
- 2 Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University , Daqing, China
| | - Shishun Huang
- 2 Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University , Daqing, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- 2 Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University , Daqing, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- 2 Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University , Daqing, China
| | - Wenna Cai
- 2 Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University , Daqing, China
| | - Haihe Wang
- 2 Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University , Daqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Castro F, Cardoso AP, Gonçalves RM, Serre K, Oliveira MJ. Interferon-Gamma at the Crossroads of Tumor Immune Surveillance or Evasion. Front Immunol 2018; 9:847. [PMID: 29780381 PMCID: PMC5945880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic molecule with associated antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and antitumor mechanisms. This effector cytokine, often considered as a major effector of immunity, has been used in the treatment of several diseases, despite its adverse effects. Although broad evidence implicating IFN-γ in tumor immune surveillance, IFN-γ-based therapies undergoing clinical trials have been of limited success. In fact, recent reports suggested that it may also play a protumorigenic role, namely, through IFN-γ signaling insensitivity, downregulation of major histocompatibility complexes, and upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and of checkpoint inhibitors, as programmed cell-death ligand 1. However, the IFN-γ-mediated responses are still positively associated with patient's survival in several cancers. Consequently, major research efforts are required to understand the immune contexture in which IFN-γ induces its intricate and highly regulated effects in the tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the current knowledge on the pro- and antitumorigenic effects of IFN-γ as part of the complex immune response to cancer, highlighting the relevance to identify IFN-γ responsive patients for the improvement of therapies that exploit associated signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Castro
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Cardoso
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Madeira Gonçalves
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Karine Serre
- IMM – Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Özdemir BC, Sflomos G, Brisken C. The challenges of modeling hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in mice. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R319-R330. [PMID: 29563191 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors account for 70-80% of all breast cancer (BC) cases and are characterized by estrogen dependency for their growth. Endocrine therapies using estrogen receptor antagonists or aromatase inhibitors represent a key component of the standard of care for these tumors. The occurrence of de novo or acquired resistance to estrogen withdrawal represents an important clinical problem, impacting on patient survival. In addition, despite an initially favorable outcome, a part of ER+ BC patients present with disease recurrence locally or at distant sites years or even decades after apparent remission. In vivo models that closely mimic human disease are urgently needed to study the biology of these tumors, investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying endocrine resistance and identify patients at risk of recurrence. Despite the similarities in the overall hormonal regulation of mammary gland development between mice and humans, the majority of the mammary carcinomas occurring in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are ER negative and most xenograft models are based on few ER+ cancer cell lines. We recently showed that the microenvironment is critical for ER+ cancer cells and discuss in this review the potential of intraductal xenograft model for basic and preclinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berna C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George Sflomos
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Gattelli A, García Solá ME, Roloff TC, Cardiff RD, Kordon EC, Chodosh LA, Hynes NE. Chronic expression of wild-type Ret receptor in the mammary gland induces luminal tumors that are sensitive to Ret inhibition. Oncogene 2018; 37:4046-4054. [PMID: 29695833 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase Ret, a key gain-of-function mutated oncoprotein in thyroid carcinomas, has recently been implicated in other cancer types. While Ret copy number gains and mutations have been reported at low frequencies in breast tumors, we and others have reported that Ret is overexpressed in about 40% of human tumors and this correlates with poor patient prognosis. Ret activation regulates numerous intracellular pathways related to proliferation and inflammation, but it is not known whether abnormal Ret expression is sufficient to induce mammary carcinomas. Using a novel doxycycline-inducible transgenic mouse model with the MMTV promoter controlling Ret expression, we show that overexpression of wild-type Ret in the mammary epithelium produces mammary tumors, displaying a morphology that recapitulates characteristics of human luminal breast tumors. Ret-evoked tumors are estrogen receptor positive and negative for progesterone receptor. Moreover, tumors rapidly regress after doxycycline withdrawal, indicating that Ret is the driving oncoprotein. Using next-generation sequencing, we examined the levels of transcripts in these tumors, confirming a luminal signature. Ret-evoked tumors have been passaged in mice and used to test novel therapeutic approaches. Importantly, we have determined that tumors are resistant to endocrine therapy, but respond successfully to treatment with a Ret kinase inhibitor. Our data provide the first compelling evidence for an oncogenic role of non-mutated Ret in the mammary gland and are an incentive for clinical development of Ret as a cancer biomarker and therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albana Gattelli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), 1428 CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Martín E García Solá
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), 1428 CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tim C Roloff
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Genomic Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (UCD), County Rd. 98 & Hutchison Dr, Davis, USA
| | - Edith C Kordon
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), 1428 CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (Upenn), 614 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Mori H, Cardiff RD, Borowsky AD. Aging Mouse Models Reveal Complex Tumor-Microenvironment Interactions in Cancer Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:35. [PMID: 29651417 PMCID: PMC5884881 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) are essential experimental tools for the understanding molecular mechanisms within complex biological systems. GEMM are especially useful for inferencing phenocopy information to genetic human diseases such as breast cancer. Human breast cancer modeling in mice most commonly employs mammary epithelial-specific promoters to investigate gene function(s) and, in particular, putative oncogenes. Models are specifically useful in the mammary epithelial cell in the context of the complete mammary gland environment. Gene targeted knockout mice including conditional targeting to specific mammary cells can reveal developmental defects in mammary organogenesis and demonstrate the importance of putative tumor suppressor genes. Some of these models demonstrate a non-traditional type of tumor suppression which involves interplay between the tumor susceptible cell and its host/environment. These GEMM help to reveal the processes of cancer progression beyond those intrinsic to cancer cells. Furthermore, the, analysis of mouse models requires appropriate consideration of mouse strain, background, and environmental factors. In this review, we compare aging-related factors in mouse models for breast cancer. We introduce databases of GEMM attributes and colony functional variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Mori
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Novel ERα positive breast cancer model with estrogen independent growth in the bone microenvironment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49751-49764. [PMID: 27391074 PMCID: PMC5226545 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite successful therapeutic options for estrogen receptor-α (ERα)+ breast cancer, resistance to endocrine therapy frequently occurs leading to tumor recurrence. In addition to intrinsic changes in the cancer cells, herein we demonstrate that tumor cell-microenvironment interactions can drive recurrence at specific sites. By using two ERα+ cell lines derived from spontaneous mammary carcinomas in STAT1−/− mice (SSM2, SSM3), we establish that the bone microenvironment offers growth advantage over primary site or lung in the absence of ovarian hormones. While SSM3 did not engraft at primary and skeletal locations in the absence of estrogen, SSM2 selectively grew in bone of ovariectomized mice and following administration of aromatase inhibitors. However, SSM2 growth remained hormone-dependent at extraskeletal sites. Unexpectedly, bone-residing SSM2 cells retained ERα expression and JAK2/STAT3 activation regardless of the hormonal status. These data position the bone microenvironment as a unique site for acquisition of tumor/estrogen independency and identify the first ERα+ hormone-independent tumor model in immunocompetent mice.
Collapse
|
71
|
Gujam FJA, McMillan DC, Edwards J. The relationship between total and phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT3 tumour cell expression, components of tumour microenvironment and survival in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77607-77621. [PMID: 27769057 PMCID: PMC5363608 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between tumour cell expression of total and phosphorylated STAT1 (ph-STAT1) and STAT3 (ph-STAT-3), components of tumour microenvironment and survival in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of total and ph-STAT1, and STAT3 were performed on tissue microarray of 384 breast cancer specimens. Tumour cell expression of STAT1 and STAT3 at both cytoplasmic and nuclear locations were combined and identified as STAT1/STAT3 tumour cell expression. These results were related to cancer specific survival (CSS) and phenotypic features of the tumour and the host. High ph-STAT1 and ph-STAT3 tumour cell expression were associated with increased ER (both P≤0.001) and PR (both P <0.05), reduced tumour grade (P=0.015 and P<0.001 respectively) and necrosis (both P=0.001). Ph-STAT1 was associated with increased general inflammatory infiltrate (P=0.007) and ph-STAT3 was associated with lower CD4+ infiltration (P=0.024). In multivariate survival analysis, only high ph-STAT3 tumour cell expression was a predictor of improved CSS (P=0.010) independent of other tumour and host-based factors. STAT1 and STAT3 tumour cell expression appeared to be an important determinant of favourable outcome in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. The present results suggest that STAT1 and STAT3 may affect disease outcome through direct impact on tumour cells, counteracting aggressive tumour features, as well as interaction with the surrounding microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadia J A Gujam
- Academic Unit of Surgery, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences-University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland.,Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences-University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Donald C McMillan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences-University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences-University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Glasgow, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Crnčec I, Modak M, Gordziel C, Svinka J, Scharf I, Moritsch S, Pathria P, Schlederer M, Kenner L, Timelthaler G, Müller M, Strobl B, Casanova E, Bayer E, Mohr T, Stöckl J, Friedrich K, Eferl R. STAT1 is a sex-specific tumor suppressor in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:514-528. [PMID: 29419930 PMCID: PMC5891040 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon‐inducible transcription factor STAT1 is a tumor suppressor in various malignancies. We investigated sex‐specific STAT1 functions in colitis and colitis‐associated colorectal cancer (CRC) using mice with specific STAT1 deletion in intestinal epithelial cells (STAT1∆IEC). Male but not female STAT1∆IEC mice were more resistant to DSS‐induced colitis than sex‐matched STAT1flox/flox controls and displayed reduced intraepithelial infiltration of CD8+ TCRαβ+ granzyme B+ T cells. Moreover, DSS treatment failed to induce expression of T‐cell‐attracting chemokines in intestinal epithelial cells of male but not of female STAT1∆IEC mice. Application of the AOM‐DSS protocol for induction of colitis‐associated CRC resulted in increased intestinal tumor load in male but not in female STAT1∆IEC mice. A sex‐specific stratification of human CRC patients corroborated the data obtained in mice and revealed that reduced tumor cell‐intrinsic nuclear STAT1 protein expression is a poor prognostic factor in men but not in women. These data demonstrate that epithelial STAT1 is a male‐specific tumor suppressor in CRC of mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilija Crnčec
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhura Modak
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Gordziel
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Scharf
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Moritsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulina Pathria
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Editha Bayer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Leehy KA, Truong TH, Mauro LJ, Lange CA. Progesterone receptors (PR) mediate STAT actions: PR and prolactin receptor signaling crosstalk in breast cancer models. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 176:88-93. [PMID: 28442393 PMCID: PMC5653461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is the major mitogenic stimulus of mammary gland development during puberty wherein ER signaling acts to induce abundant PR expression. PR signaling, in contrast, is the primary driver of mammary epithelial cell proliferation in adulthood. The high circulating levels of progesterone during pregnancy signal through PR, inducing expression of the prolactin receptor (PRLR). Cooperation between PR and prolactin (PRL) signaling, via regulation of downstream components in the PRL signaling pathway including JAKs and STATs, facilitates the alveolar morphogenesis observed during pregnancy. Indeed, these pathways are fully integrated via activation of shared signaling pathways (i.e. JAKs, MAPKs) as well as by the convergence of PRs and STATs at target genes relevant to both mammary gland biology and breast cancer progression (i.e. proliferation, stem cell outgrowth, tissue cell type heterogeneity). Thus, rather than a single mediator such as ER, transcription factor cascades (ER>PR>STATs) are responsible for rapid proliferative and developmental programming in the normal mammary gland. It is not surprising that these same mediators typify uncontrolled proliferation in a majority of breast cancers, where ER and PR are most often co-expressed and may cooperate to drive malignant tumor progression. This review will primarily focus on the integration of PR and PRL signaling in breast cancer models and the importance of this cross-talk in cancer progression in the context of mammographic density. Components of these PR/PRL signaling pathways could offer alternative drug targets and logical complements to anti-ER or anti-estrogen-based endocrine therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Leehy
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Thu H Truong
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Laura J Mauro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Carol A Lange
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Lo PK, Yao Y, Lee JS, Zhang Y, Huang W, Kane MA, Zhou Q. LIPG signaling promotes tumor initiation and metastasis of human basal-like triple-negative breast cancer. eLife 2018; 7:31334. [PMID: 29350614 PMCID: PMC5809145 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of aggressive human basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains incomplete. In this study, we show endothelial lipase (LIPG) is aberrantly overexpressed in basal-like TNBCs. We demonstrate that LIPG is required for in vivo tumorigenicity and metastasis of TNBC cells. LIPG possesses a lipase-dependent function that supports cancer cell proliferation and a lipase-independent function that promotes invasiveness, stemness and basal/epithelial-mesenchymal transition features of TNBC. Mechanistically, LIPG executes its oncogenic function through its involvement in interferon-related DTX3L-ISG15 signaling, which regulates protein function and stability by ISGylation. We show that DTX3L, an E3-ubiquitin ligase, is required for maintaining LIPG protein levels in TNBC cells by inhibiting proteasome-mediated LIPG degradation. Inactivation of LIPG impairs DTX3L-ISG15 signaling, indicating the existence of DTX3L-LIPG-ISG15 signaling. We further reveal LIPG-ISG15 signaling is lipase-independent. We demonstrate that DTX3L-LIPG-ISG15 signaling is essential for malignancies of TNBC cells. Targeting this pathway provides a novel strategy for basal-like TNBC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Kuo Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yongshu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, United States
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, United States
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Bajikar SS, Wang CC, Borten MA, Pereira EJ, Atkins KA, Janes KA. Tumor-Suppressor Inactivation of GDF11 Occurs by Precursor Sequestration in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Dev Cell 2017; 43:418-435.e13. [PMID: 29161592 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and heterogeneous carcinoma in which various tumor-suppressor genes are lost by mutation, deletion, or silencing. Here we report a tumor-suppressive mode of action for growth-differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and an unusual mechanism of its inactivation in TNBC. GDF11 promotes an epithelial, anti-invasive phenotype in 3D triple-negative cultures and intraductal xenografts by sustaining expression of E-cadherin and inhibitor of differentiation 2 (ID2). Surprisingly, clinical TNBCs retain the GDF11 locus and expression of the protein itself. GDF11 bioactivity is instead lost because of deficiencies in its convertase, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), causing inactive GDF11 precursor to accumulate intracellularly. PCSK5 reconstitution mobilizes the latent TNBC reservoir of GDF11 in vitro and suppresses triple-negative mammary cancer metastasis to the lung of syngeneic hosts. Intracellular GDF11 retention adds to the concept of tumor-suppressor inactivation and reveals a cell-biological vulnerability for TNBCs lacking therapeutically actionable mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer S Bajikar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chun-Chao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine & Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Michael A Borten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kristen A Atkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Chen P, Song W, Liu L. Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis of Estrogen Receptor-Positive and Human Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancers by Ribonucleic Acid Sequencing. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2017; 83:338-348. [PMID: 29241203 DOI: 10.1159/000484244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim is to identify complex pathogenesis of breast cancer subtypes and disclose the whole landscape of altered transcriptional activities in these cancers. METHODS We downloaded raw expression data from public database, and performed transcriptome analysis of 8 estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer tissue samples, 8 human epithelial growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer tissue samples, and 3 normal breast tissues by identification, functional annotation, and prediction of upstream regulators and cell-surface biomarkers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS We identified over 5,000 DEGs in each of ER+ and HER2+ breast cancers compared to normal tissues. Functional enrichment analysis of shared DEGs indicated significant changes in the regulation of immune -systems in the 2 subtypes. We further identified 1,871 DEGs between the 2 subtypes and disclosed great tumor heterogeneity. We identified 533 shared upregulated genes and predicted 17 upstream transcription factors, as well as identified differentially expressed cell-surface biomarkers for distinguishing our ER+ and HER2+ breast cancers. Further analysis also highlighted the limitation of the usage of HER2 alone in breast cancer classification. CONCLUSION Our findings in ER+ and HER2+ breast cancers provided novel insights into heterogeneous transcriptional activities underlying complex mechanisms of oncogenesis in breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Chen
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhoukou Central Hospital of Henan Province, Zhoukou, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangli Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhoukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan Province, Zhoukou, China
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Chan SR, Salem K, Jeffery J, Powers GL, Yan Y, Shoghi KI, Mahajan AM, Fowler AM. Sex as a Biologic Variable in Preclinical Imaging Research: Initial Observations with 18F-FLT. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:833-838. [PMID: 29217733 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to investigate whether sex influences 3'-deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) uptake and tissue distribution in mouse models of cancer. Methods:18F-FLT biodistribution was measured in 3 strains of male and female mice (129S6/SvEv, athymic nude, and BALB/c). 18F-FDG biodistribution was measured for comparison. 18F-FLT uptake was also measured in female 129S6/SvEv mice bearing estrogen-dependent SSM3 mouse mammary tumors, male athymic nude mice bearing androgen-dependent CWR22 prostate cancer xenografts, and male and female athymic nude mice bearing estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenografts. Ki-67 expression was assayed by immunohistochemistry. PET/CT imaging was performed to visualize 18F-FLT biodistribution and to determine pharmacokinetics. Results: Greater 18F-FLT activity was observed in blood, liver, muscle, heart, kidney, and bone in female than male mice. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated higher early renal 18F-FLT activity and greater accumulation of 18F-FLT in the urinary bladder in male than female mice. The differential pattern of 18F-FLT biodistribution between the sexes seen with 18F-FLT was not observed with 18F-FDG. Increased tumoral 18F-FLT uptake compared with muscle was observed in both the SSM3 mammary tumors (2.4 ± 0.17 vs. 1.6 ± 0.14 percentage injected dose [%ID]/g at 2 h after injection, P = 0.006) and the CWR22 prostate cancer xenografts (0.34 ± 0.08 vs. 0.098 ± 0.033 %ID/g at 2 h after injection, P = 0.03). However, because of higher nonspecific muscle uptake in female mice, tumor-to-muscle uptake ratios were greater for CWR22 tumors than for SSM3 tumors (4.2 ± 0.78 vs. 1.5 ± 0.049 at 2 h after injection, P = 0.008). Sex-dependent differences in 18F-FLT uptake were also observed for MDA-MB-231 xenografts (tumor-to-muscle ratio, 7.2 ± 0.9 for female vs. 16.9 ± 8.6 for male, P = 0.039). Conversely, greater tumoral Ki-67 staining was observed in female mice (71% ± 3% for female vs. 54% ± 2% for male, P = 0.009), and this finding more closely matched the relative differences in absolute 18F-FLT tumor uptake values (4.5 ± 0.99 %ID/g for female vs. 1.9 ± 0.30 %ID/g for male, P = 0.03). Conclusion: Depending on whether female or male mice are used, differences in biodistribution and nonspecific tissue uptake can adversely affect quantitative measures of 18F-FLT uptake. Thus, sex is a potential variable to consider in defining quantitative imaging metrics using 18F-FLT to assess tumor proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szeman Ruby Chan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kelley Salem
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Justin Jeffery
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ginny L Powers
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yongjun Yan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Aparna M Mahajan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amy M Fowler
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin .,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Qadir AS, Ceppi P, Brockway S, Law C, Mu L, Khodarev NN, Kim J, Zhao JC, Putzbach W, Murmann AE, Chen Z, Chen W, Liu X, Salomon AR, Liu H, Weichselbaum RR, Yu J, Peter ME. CD95/Fas Increases Stemness in Cancer Cells by Inducing a STAT1-Dependent Type I Interferon Response. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2373-2386. [PMID: 28273453 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of CD95/Fas drives and maintains cancer stem cells (CSCs). We now report that this involves activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and induction of STAT1-regulated genes and that this process is inhibited by active caspases. STAT1 is enriched in CSCs in cancer cell lines, patient-derived human breast cancer, and CD95high-expressing glioblastoma neurospheres. CD95 stimulation of cancer cells induced secretion of type I interferons (IFNs) that bind to type I IFN receptors, resulting in activation of Janus-activated kinases, activation of STAT1, and induction of a number of STAT1-regulated genes that are part of a gene signature recently linked to therapy resistance in five primary human cancers. Consequently, we identified type I IFNs as drivers of cancer stemness. Knockdown or knockout of STAT1 resulted in a strongly reduced ability of CD95L or type I IFN to increase cancer stemness. This identifies STAT1 as a key regulator of the CSC-inducing activity of CD95.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul S Qadir
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paolo Ceppi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sonia Brockway
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Calvin Law
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Liang Mu
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nikolai N Khodarev
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jung Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jonathan C Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William Putzbach
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrea E Murmann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Center for Cancer Research and Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Arthur R Salomon
- Center for Cancer Research and Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jindan Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
The SOX11 transcription factor is a critical regulator of basal-like breast cancer growth, invasion, and basal-like gene expression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13106-21. [PMID: 26894864 PMCID: PMC4914345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) are aggressive breast cancers associated with poor survival. Defining the key drivers of BLBC growth will allow identification of molecules for targeted therapy. In this study, we performed a primary screen integrating multiple assays that compare transcription factor expression and activity in BLBC and non-BLBC at the RNA, DNA, and protein levels. This integrated screen identified 33 transcription factors that were elevated in BLBC in multiple assays comparing mRNA expression, DNA cis-element sequences, or protein DNA-binding activity. In a secondary screen to identify transcription factors critical for BLBC cell growth, 8 of the 33 candidate transcription factors (TFs) were found to be necessary for growth in at least two of three BLBC cell lines. Of these 8 transcription factors, SOX11 was the only transcription factor required for BLBC growth, but not for growth of non-BLBC cells. Our studies demonstrate that SOX11 is a critical regulator of multiple BLBC phenotypes, including growth, migration, invasion, and expression of signature BLBC genes. High SOX11 expression was also found to be an independent prognostic indicator of poor survival in women with breast cancer. These results identify SOX11 as a potential target for the treatment of BLBC, the most aggressive form of breast cancer.
Collapse
|
80
|
Velloso FJ, Bianco AFR, Farias JO, Torres NEC, Ferruzo PYM, Anschau V, Jesus-Ferreira HC, Chang THT, Sogayar MC, Zerbini LF, Correa RG. The crossroads of breast cancer progression: insights into the modulation of major signaling pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5491-5524. [PMID: 29200866 PMCID: PMC5701508 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s142154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the disease with highest public health impact in developed countries. Particularly, breast cancer has the highest incidence in women worldwide and the fifth highest mortality in the globe, imposing a significant social and economic burden to society. The disease has a complex heterogeneous etiology, being associated with several risk factors that range from lifestyle to age and family history. Breast cancer is usually classified according to the site of tumor occurrence and gene expression profiling. Although mutations in a few key genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, are associated with high breast cancer risk, the large majority of breast cancer cases are related to mutated genes of low penetrance, which are frequently altered in the whole population. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of breast cancer, including the several deregulated genes and related pathways linked to this pathology, is essential to ensure advances in early tumor detection and prevention. In this review, we outline key cellular pathways whose deregulation has been associated with breast cancer, leading to alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the delicate hormonal balance of breast tissue cells. Therefore, here we describe some potential breast cancer-related nodes and signaling concepts linked to the disease, which can be positively translated into novel therapeutic approaches and predictive biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Valesca Anschau
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ted Hung-Tse Chang
- Cancer Genomics Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Luiz F Zerbini
- Cancer Genomics Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ricardo G Correa
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Griffith OL, Chan SR, Griffith M, Krysiak K, Skidmore ZL, Hundal J, Allen JA, Arthur CD, Runci D, Bugatti M, Miceli AP, Schmidt H, Trani L, Kanchi KL, Miller CA, Larson DE, Fulton RS, Vermi W, Wilson RK, Schreiber RD, Mardis ER. Truncating Prolactin Receptor Mutations Promote Tumor Growth in Murine Estrogen Receptor-Alpha Mammary Carcinomas. Cell Rep 2017; 17:249-260. [PMID: 27681435 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha-positive (ERα+) luminal tumors are the most frequent subtype of breast cancer. Stat1(-/-) mice develop mammary tumors that closely recapitulate the biological characteristics of this cancer subtype. To identify transforming events that contribute to tumorigenesis, we performed whole genome sequencing of Stat1(-/-) primary mammary tumors and matched normal tissues. This investigation identified somatic truncating mutations affecting the prolactin receptor (PRLR) in all tumor and no normal samples. Targeted sequencing confirmed the presence of these mutations in precancerous lesions, indicating that this is an early event in tumorigenesis. Functional evaluation of these heterozygous mutations in Stat1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts showed that co-expression of truncated and wild-type PRLR led to aberrant STAT3 and STAT5 activation downstream of the receptor, cellular transformation in vitro, and tumor formation in vivo. In conclusion, truncating mutations of PRLR promote tumor growth in a model of human ERα+ breast cancer and warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obi L Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4921 Parkview Pl., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Szeman Ruby Chan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Malachi Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4921 Parkview Pl., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kilannin Krysiak
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zachary L Skidmore
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jasreet Hundal
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Julie A Allen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cora D Arthur
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniele Runci
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Section of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato, 15, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alexander P Miceli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Heather Schmidt
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Lee Trani
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Krishna-Latha Kanchi
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Christopher A Miller
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David E Larson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert S Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Section of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato, 15, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Richard K Wilson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4921 Parkview Pl., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert D Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4921 Parkview Pl., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Affiliation(s)
- Thaiz Rivera Vargas
- Centre de Recherche; INSERM U1231; Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie; Dijon France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Bourgogne Franche comté; Dijon France
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- Centre de Recherche; INSERM U1231; Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie; Dijon France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Bourgogne Franche comté; Dijon France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc; Dijon France
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Zhang Y, Chen Y, Yun H, Liu Z, Su M, Lai R. STAT1β enhances STAT1 function by protecting STAT1α from degradation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3077. [PMID: 28981100 PMCID: PMC5682650 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
STAT1, which carries tumor suppressor functions in several models, consists of two isoforms, namely STAT1α and STAT1β. The biological function and significance of STAT1β has never been examined in human cancer. We examined STAT1β function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by transfecting a STAT1β gene into various ESCC cell lines. The interaction between STAT1α and STAT1β was examined by using co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. The prognostic significance of STAT1β expression, detectable by immunohistochemistry and western blot, was evaluated in a large cohort of ESCC patients. Enforced expression of STAT1β induced and prolonged the expression and phosphorylation of STAT1α in ESCC cells, and these effects were amplified by gamma-interferon (IFN-γ). We also found that STAT1β interacts with STAT1α and decreases STAT1α degradation by the proteasome. Moreover, STAT1β substantially increased the DNA binding and transcription activity of STAT1. STAT1β also sensitized ESCC cells to chemotherapeutic agents, including cisplatin and 5-flurouracil. Using western blot and immunohistochemistry, we found that STAT1β was frequently decreased in esophageal cancer, as compared to their adjacent benign esophageal epithelial tissue. Loss of STAT1β significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, invasion and shorter overall survival in ESCC patients. Therefore, STAT1β plays a key role in enhancing the tumor suppressor function of STAT1α, in ESCC, in a manner that can be amplified by IFN-γ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China. Tel: 0086 89920746; Fax: +86 754 88 900 429; E-mail:
| | - Yelong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Hailong Yun
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaoyong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Min Su
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Mori H, Chen JQ, Cardiff RD, Pénzváltó Z, Hubbard NE, Schuetter L, Hovey RC, Trott JF, Borowsky AD. Pathobiology of the 129:Stat1 -/- mouse model of human age-related ER-positive breast cancer with an immune infiltrate-excluded phenotype. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:102. [PMID: 28865492 PMCID: PMC5581425 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stat1 gene-targeted knockout mice (129S6/SvEvTac-Stat1tm1Rds) develop estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), luminal-type mammary carcinomas at an advanced age. There is evidence for both host environment as well as tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms to initiate tumorigenesis in this model. In this report, we summarize details of the systemic and mammary pathology at preneoplastic and tumor-bearing time points. In addition, we investigate tumor progression in the 129:Stat1−/− host compared with wild-type 129/SvEv, and we describe the immune cell reaction to the tumors. Methods Mice housed and treated according to National Institutes of Health guidelines and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved methods were evaluated by histopathology, and their tissues were subjected to immunohistochemistry with computer-assisted quantitative image analysis. Tumor cell culture and conditioned media from cell culture were used to perform macrophage (RAW264.7) cell migration assays, including the 129:Stat1−/−-derived SSM2 cells as well as control Met1 and NDL tumor cells and EpH4 normal cells. Results Tumorigenesis in 129:Stat1−/− originates from a population of FoxA1+ large oval pale cells that initially appear and accumulate along the mammary ducts in segments or regions of the gland prior to giving rise to mammary intraepithelial neoplasias. Progression to invasive carcinoma is accompanied by a marked local stromal and immune cell response composed predominantly of T cells and macrophages. In conditioned media experiments, cells derived from 129:Stat1−/− tumors secrete both chemoattractant and chemoinhibitory factors, with greater attraction in the extracellular vesicular fraction and inhibition in the soluble fraction. The result appears to be recruitment of the immune reaction to the periphery of the tumor, with exclusion of immune cell infiltration into the tumor. Conclusions 129:Stat1−/− is a unique model for studying the critical origins and risk reduction strategies in age-related ER+ breast cancer. In addition, it can be used in preclinical trials of hormonal and targeted therapies as well as immunotherapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0892-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Mori
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jane Q Chen
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zsófia Pénzváltó
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Neil E Hubbard
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Louis Schuetter
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Russell C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Josephine F Trott
- Department of Animal Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Varikuti S, Oghumu S, Elbaz M, Volpedo G, Ahirwar DK, Alarcon PC, Sperling RH, Moretti E, Pioso MS, Kimble J, Nasser MW, Ganju RK, Terrazas C, Satoskar AR. STAT1 gene deficient mice develop accelerated breast cancer growth and metastasis which is reduced by IL-17 blockade. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1361088. [PMID: 29147627 PMCID: PMC5674966 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1361088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) mediates interferon gamma signaling which activates the expression of various genes related to apoptosis, inflammation, cell cycle and angiogenesis. Several experimental and clinical studies have investigated the role of STAT1 in primary tumor growth in breast cancer; however, its role in tumor metastasis remains to be determined. To determine the role of STAT1 in breast cancer metastasis, we analyzed growth and metastasis in WT or STAT1−/− mice orthotopically implanted with metastatic 4T1.2 cells. Primary tumor development was faster in STAT1−/− mice and these mice developed significantly bigger primary tumors and displayed more lung metastasis compared with WT counterparts. STAT1−/− mice showed elevated Ly6G+CD11b+ granulocytic MDSC infiltration in their primary tumors and spleens with concomitant upregulation of Mmp9 and Cxcl1 expression in tumors compared with WT counterparts. Blockade of IL-17A in primary tumor-bearing STAT1−/− mice suppressed accumulation of Ly6G+CD11b+ cells and markedly reduced lung metastasis. These data show that STAT1 is an important suppressor of primary breast tumor growth and metastasis. Importantly, we found anti-IL-17 treatment can rescue STAT1 deficient animals from developing exacerbated metastasis to the lungs which could be important for immunotherapies for immunocompromised breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohamad Elbaz
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan Cairo, Egypt
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dinesh K Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pablo C Alarcon
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel H Sperling
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ellen Moretti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marissa S Pioso
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer Kimble
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cesar Terrazas
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Wang H, Zhang Y, Yun H, Chen S, Chen Y, Liu Z. ERK expression and its correlation with STAT1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:45249-45258. [PMID: 28431406 PMCID: PMC5542183 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is one of leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Chaoshan region a high-risk region for esophageal cancer. Extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) usually play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. However, accumulating evidence has shown that the ERK was aberrantly expressed in cancers and correlated with STAT1 depression. RESULTS The activated ERK downregulates STAT1 expression in ESCC cell lines and U0126 increases expression of STAT1. Our immunohistochemistry result also confirms that the expression of ERK inversely correlated with that of STAT1 in ESCC tumors. In addition, a significantly higher expression of ERK/p-ERK was found in ESCC tissues in comparison with case-matched normal esophageal tissues (p < 0.05). Moreover, the immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that ERK expression was paralleled with the differentiation and clinical stage. In 74 patients with follow-up data, those with ERKlow tumors survived significantly longer than those with ERKhigh tumors (p = 0.04); patients with ERKlow/STAT1high tumors had the longest survival (p = 0.001). MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate whether ERK can mediated STAT1 expression in ESCC, we used the MEK plasmid and U0126, a MEK inhibitor, to treat the cell. To further confirm our in-vitro study, we detected the ERK, p-ERK and STAT1 expression in 131 ESCC cases and 22 case-matched normal esophageal tissues adjacent to the tumors specimens. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide pathological evidence that ERK/p-ERK is negatively correlated with STAT1 in ESCC. Our data suggests that inhibition of ERK and/or restoration of STAT1 expression maybe useful therapeutic strategies for ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hailong Yun
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shubiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yelong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoyong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Walter KR, Goodman ML, Singhal H, Hall JA, Li T, Holloran SM, Trinca GM, Gibson KA, Jin VX, Greene GL, Hagan CR. Interferon-Stimulated Genes Are Transcriptionally Repressed by PR in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1331-1340. [PMID: 28684637 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PR) regulates transcriptional programs that drive proliferation, survival, and stem cell phenotypes. Although the role of native progesterone in the development of breast cancer remains controversial, PR clearly alters the transcriptome in breast tumors. This study identifies a class of genes, Interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs), potently downregulated by ligand-activated PR which have not been previously shown to be regulated by PR. Progestin-dependent transcriptional repression of ISGs was observed in breast cancer cell line models and human breast tumors. Ligand-independent regulation of ISGs was also observed, as basal transcript levels were markedly higher in cells with PR knockdown. PR repressed ISG transcription in response to IFN treatment, the canonical mechanism through which these genes are activated. Liganded PR is robustly recruited to enhancer regions of ISGs, and ISG transcriptional repression is dependent upon PR's ability to bind DNA. In response to PR activation, key regulatory transcription factors that are required for IFN-activated ISG transcription, STAT2 and IRF9, exhibit impaired recruitment to ISG promoter regions, correlating with PR/ligand-dependent ISG transcriptional repression. IFN activation is a critical early step in nascent tumor recognition and destruction through immunosurveillance. As the large majority of breast tumors are PR positive at the time of diagnosis, PR-dependent downregulation of IFN signaling may be a mechanism through which early PR-positive breast tumors evade the immune system and develop into clinically relevant tumors.Implications: This study highlights a novel transcriptional mechanism through which PR drives breast cancer development and potentially evades the immune system. Mol Cancer Res; 15(10); 1331-40. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Merit L Goodman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Hari Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jade A Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Tianbao Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio (UTHSA), San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sean M Holloran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Gloria M Trinca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Katelin A Gibson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Victor X Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio (UTHSA), San Antonio, Texas
| | - Geoffrey L Greene
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christy R Hagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas. .,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Wu HT, Liu J, Li GW, Shen JX, Huang YT. The transcriptional STAT3 is a potential target, whereas transcriptional STAT5A/5B/6 are new biomarkers for prognosis in human breast carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:36279-36288. [PMID: 28422733 PMCID: PMC5482654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activators of Transcription (STAT) is a set of transcription factors, involved in diverse cellular functions. Evidences from cell lines, mouse models and human tissues implicate these transcription factors in the oncogenesis of breast cancer. However, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of 7 STATs remain to be elucidated. In the current study, we mined the transcriptional and survival data of STATs in patients with breast carcinoma (BC) through ONCOMINE, bc-GenExMiner, Kaplan-Meier Plotter and cBioPortal. It was found that STAT1/2 were up-regulated, whereas STAT3/4/5A/5B were down-regulated in BC patients compared with the normal tissues. The expressions of STAT5A/5B/6 were correlated with decreased levels of histological differentiation. In survival analyses through the Kaplan-Meier plotter database, high transcription levels of STAT2/4/5A/5B/6 were associated with better relapse-free survival (RFS) in all BC patients. Conversely, high STAT3 predicted shorter RFS in BC patients, suggesting that STAT3 is potential targets for precision therapy to BC patients. These data also provided STAT5A/5B/6 as new biomarker for BC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
- Chang Jiang Scholar's Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Guan-Wu Li
- Open Laboratory for Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Yi-Teng Huang
- Health Care Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Cell and Tissue Biology Paves a Path to Breast Cancer Prevention. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:313-315. [PMID: 28718407 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that breast cancer susceptibility stems from interactions between difficult-to-modify cultural and dietary habits and aging processes that are modifiable. We propose a pathway to prevention that uses human organotypic systems that recapitulate hallmarks of aging in order to better understand and to modulate the biological consequences of aging in breast.
Collapse
|
90
|
The Shc1 adaptor simultaneously balances Stat1 and Stat3 activity to promote breast cancer immune suppression. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14638. [PMID: 28276425 PMCID: PMC5347092 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase signalling within cancer cells is central to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors act, in part, to augment adaptive immunity, the increased heterogeneity and functional redundancy of the tyrosine kinome is a hurdle to achieving durable responses to immunotherapies. We previously identified the Shc1 (ShcA) scaffold, a central regulator of tyrosine kinase signalling, as essential for promoting breast cancer immune suppression. Herein we show that the ShcA pathway simultaneously activates STAT3 immunosuppressive signals and impairs STAT1-driven immune surveillance in breast cancer cells. Impaired Y239/Y240-ShcA phosphorylation selectively reduces STAT3 activation in breast tumours, profoundly sensitizing them to immune checkpoint inhibitors and tumour vaccines. Finally, the ability of diminished tyrosine kinase signalling to initiate STAT1-driven immune surveillance can be overcome by compensatory STAT3 hyperactivation in breast tumours. Our data indicate that inhibition of pY239/240-ShcA-dependent STAT3 signalling may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to sensitize breast tumours to multiple immunotherapies. Tyrosine kinase signalling in cancer cells promotes immune evasion. Here, the authors show that tyrosine kinases engage scaffold protein Shc1 to promote immunosuppression in breast cancer by simultaneously activating STAT3 immunosuppressive signals and impairing STAT1-driven anti-tumour immune responses.
Collapse
|
91
|
Gross ETE, Han S, Vemu P, Peinado CD, Marsala M, Ellies LG, Bui JD. Immunosurveillance and immunoediting in MMTV-PyMT-induced mammary oncogenesis. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1268310. [PMID: 28344881 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1268310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting processes has been primarily demonstrated in mouse models of chemically induced oncogenesis. Although these models are very tractable, they are characterized by high mutational loads that represent a minority of human cancers. In this study, we sought to determine whether cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting could be demonstrated in a more clinically relevant oncogene-induced model of carcinogenesis, the MMTV-PyMT (PyMT) mammary carcinoma model. This model system in the FVB/NJ strain background was previously used to demonstrate that adaptive immunity had no role in limiting primary cancer formation and in fact promoted metastasis, thus calling into question whether cancer immunosurveillance operated in preventing the development of breast cancer. Our current study in the C57BL/6 strain backgrounds provides a different conclusion, as we report here the existence of an adaptive immunosurveillance of PyMT mammary carcinomas using two independent models of immune deficiency. PyMT mice bred onto a Rag1-/- background or immune suppressed by chronic tacrolimus therapy both demonstrated accelerated development of mammary carcinomas. By generating a bank of cell lines from these animals, we further show that a subset of PyMT cell lines had delayed growth after transplantation into wild-type (WT) syngeneic, but not immune-deficient hosts. This reduced growth rate in immunocompetent animals was characterized by an increase in immune cell infiltration and tissue differentiation. Furthermore, loss of the immune cell infiltration that characterized immunoediting of slow growing cell lines, changed them into fast growing variants capable of progressing in the immunocompetent model. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that immunosurveillance and immunoediting of PyMT-derived cell lines modulate tumor progression in this oncogene-induced model of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie T E Gross
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Semi Han
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Prasantha Vemu
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carlos D Peinado
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martin Marsala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lesley G Ellies
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego , San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Abstract
Immunogenicity depends on two key factors: antigenicity and adjuvanticity. The presence of exogenous or mutated antigens explains why infected cells and malignant cells can initiate an adaptive immune response provided that the cells also emit adjuvant signals as a consequence of cellular stress and death. Several infectious pathogens have devised strategies to control cell death and limit the emission of danger signals from dying cells, thereby avoiding immune recognition. Similarly, cancer cells often escape immunosurveillance owing to defects in the molecular machinery that underlies the release of endogenous adjuvants. Here, we review current knowledge on the mechanisms that underlie the activation of immune responses against dying cells and their pathophysiological relevance.
Collapse
|
93
|
Haricharan S, Lei J, Ellis M. Mammary Ductal Environment Is Necessary for Faithful Maintenance of Estrogen Signaling in ER⁺ Breast Cancer. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:249-250. [PMID: 26977876 PMCID: PMC5047062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sflomos et al. (2016) describe a robust preclinical animal model of ER⁺ breast cancer. The authors identify the critical role of the breast microenvironment in determining hormone response of ER⁺ breast cancer cells and in driving the luminal phenotype of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svasti Haricharan
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Lei
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Ellis
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Sflomos G, Dormoy V, Metsalu T, Jeitziner R, Battista L, Scabia V, Raffoul W, Delaloye JF, Treboux A, Fiche M, Vilo J, Ayyanan A, Brisken C. A Preclinical Model for ERα-Positive Breast Cancer Points to the Epithelial Microenvironment as Determinant of Luminal Phenotype and Hormone Response. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:407-422. [PMID: 26947176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-five percent of breast cancers are estrogen receptor α positive (ER⁺). Research on these tumors is hampered by lack of adequate in vivo models; cell line xenografts require non-physiological hormone supplements, and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are hard to establish. We show that the traditional grafting of ER⁺ tumor cells into mammary fat pads induces TGFβ/SLUG signaling and basal differentiation when they require low SLUG levels to grow in vivo. Grafting into the milk ducts suppresses SLUG; ER⁺ tumor cells develop, like their clinical counterparts, in the presence of physiological hormone levels. Intraductal ER⁺ PDXs are retransplantable, predictive, and appear genomically stable. The model provides opportunities for translational research and the study of physiologically relevant hormone action in breast carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Sflomos
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valerian Dormoy
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tauno Metsalu
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Rachel Jeitziner
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Battista
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Scabia
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Assya Treboux
- Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maryse Fiche
- Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaak Vilo
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Ayyakkannu Ayyanan
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Meissl K, Macho-Maschler S, Müller M, Strobl B. The good and the bad faces of STAT1 in solid tumours. Cytokine 2015; 89:12-20. [PMID: 26631912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 is part of the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT signalling cascade and is best known for its essential role in mediating responses to all types of interferons (IFN). STAT1 regulates a variety of cellular processes, such as antimicrobial activities, cell proliferation and cell death. It exerts important immune modulatory activities both in the innate and the adaptive arm of the immune system. Based on studies in mice and data from human patients, STAT1 is generally considered a tumour suppressor but there is growing evidence that it can also act as a tumour promoter. This review aims at contrasting the two faces of STAT1 in tumourigenesis and providing an overview on the current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms or pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Meissl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Macho-Maschler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Chen J, Wang H, Wang J, Huang S, Zhang W. STAT1 inhibits human hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth through induction of p53 and Fbxw7. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:111. [PMID: 26617467 PMCID: PMC4661940 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Aberrant STAT1 signaling is observed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has been associated with the modulation of cell proliferation and survival. However, the role of STAT1 signaling in HCC and its underlying mechanism remain elusive. Methods We transiently transfected pcDNA3.1-STAT1 and STAT1 siRNA into SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells. Western blot and qRT-PCR examined the expression of protein and RNA of target genes. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay, and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results We found that STAT1 overexpression increased protein expression of p53 and Fbxw7, and downregulated the expression of cyclin A, cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, Hes-1 and NF-κB p65. These changes led to growth inhibition and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells. Conversely, ablation of STAT1 had the opposite effect on p53, Fbxw7, Hes-1, NF-κB p65, cyclin A, cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK2, and improved the viability of SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells. Conclusions Our data indicate that STAT1 exerts tumor-suppressive effects in hepatocarcinogenesis through induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and may provide a basis for the design of new therapies for the intervention of HCC in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000 Zhejiang China
| | - Haihe Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology of Fifth Hospital of Daqing, Daqing, 163714 China
| | - Shishun Huang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Yuasa K, Hijikata T. Distal regulatory element of the STAT1 gene potentially mediates positive feedback control of STAT1 expression. Genes Cells 2015; 21:25-40. [PMID: 26592235 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a distal regulatory element located approximately 5.5-kb upstream of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gene, thereafter designating it as 5.5-kb upstream regulatory region (5.5URR). In this study, we investigated the functional roles of 5.5URR in the transcriptional regulation of STAT1 gene. A chromosome conformation capture assay indicated physical interaction of 5.5URR with the STAT1 core promoter. In luciferase reporter assays, 5.5URR-combined STAT1 core promoter exhibited significant increase in reporter activity enhanced by forced STAT1 expression or interferon (IFN) treatment, but STAT1 core promoter alone did not. The 5.5URR contained IFN-stimulated response element and GAS sites, which bound STAT1 complexes in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Consistently, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays of HEK293 cells with Halo-tagged STAT1 expression indicated the association of Halo-tagged STAT1 with 5.5URR. ChIP assays with IFN treatment demonstrated that IFNs promoted the recruitment of Halo-tagged STAT1 to 5.5URR. Forced STAT1 expression or IFN treatment increased the expression of endogenous STAT1 and other IFN signaling pathway components, such as STAT2, IRF9 and IRF1, besides IFN-responsive genes. Collectively, the results suggest that 5.5URR may provide a regulatory platform for positive feedback control of STAT1 expression possibly to amplify or sustain the intracellular IFN signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Yuasa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Takao Hijikata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Hatziieremia S, Mohammed Z, McCall P, Willder JM, Roseweir AK, Underwood MA, Edwards J. Loss of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 is associated with prostate cancer recurrence. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1667-1677. [PMID: 26495772 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
STAT1 loss has previously been implicated in cell line studies to modify prostate cancer cell growth and survival, however the clinical significance of this has not previously been established. This study investigated if STAT1 loss was associated with patient outcome measures and the phenotypic consequence of STAT1 silencing. STAT1 expression was assessed in two patient cohorts with localised (n = 78) and advanced prostate cancer at initial diagnosis (n = 39) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Impact of STAT1 silencing on prostate cancer cells lines was assessed using Cell Death detection ELISA, TLDA gene signature apoptosis arrays, WST-1 assay, xCELLigence system, clonogenic assay, and wound healing assay. In the localised patient cohort, low expression of STAT1 was associated with shorter time to disease recurrence (3.8 vs 7.3 years, P = 0.02) and disease specific survival (6.6 vs 9.3 years, P = 0.05). In the advanced patient cohort, low expression was associated with shorter time to disease recurrence (2.0 vs 3.9 years, P = 0.001). When STAT1 was silenced in PC3 cells (AR negative) and LNCaP cells (AR positive) silencing did not influence levels of apoptosis in either cell line and had little effect on cell viability in the LNCaP cells. In contrast, STAT1 silencing in the PC3 cells resulted in a pronounced increase in cell viability (WST-1 assay: mock silenced vs STAT1 silenced, P < 0.001), clonagenicity (clonogenic assay: mock silenced vs STAT1 silenced, P < 0.001), and migration (wound healing: mock silenced vs STAT1 silenced, P < 0.001). In conclusion, loss of STAT1 may promote prostate cancer recurrence in AR negative patients via increasing cell viability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hatziieremia
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Mohammed
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela McCall
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Willder
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia K Roseweir
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Urology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Greenow KR, Smalley MJ. Overview of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Breast Cancer Used in Translational Biology and Drug Development. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 70:14.36.1-14.36.14. [PMID: 26331886 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph1436s70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous condition with no single standard of treatment and no definitive method for determining whether a tumor will respond to therapy. The development of murine models that faithfully mimic specific human breast cancer subtypes is critical for the development of patient-specific treatments. While the artificial nature of traditional in vivo xenograft models used to characterize novel anticancer treatments has limited clinical predictive value, the development of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) makes it possible to study the therapeutic responses in an intact microenvironment. GEMMs have proven to be an experimentally tractable platform for evaluating the efficacy of novel therapeutic combinations and for defining the mechanisms of acquired resistance. Described in this overview are several of the more popular breast cancer GEMMs, including details on their value in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty R Greenow
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Current Address: Propath UK Ltd., Hereford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Corresponding Author:
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Liu Y, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Zhang Y, Wang X, Pan YX, Xuan J, Fleck SC, Doerge DR, Helferich WG. Isoflavones in soy flour diet have different effects on whole-genome expression patterns than purified isoflavone mix in human MCF-7 breast tumors in ovariectomized athymic nude mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1419-30. [PMID: 25820259 PMCID: PMC5763549 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Soy flour diet (MS) prevented isoflavones from stimulating MCF-7 tumor growth in athymic nude mice, indicating that other bioactive compounds in soy can negate the estrogenic properties of isoflavones. The underlying signal transduction pathways to explain the protective effects of soy flour consumption were studied here. METHODS AND RESULTS Ovariectomized athymic nude mice inoculated with MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were fed either Soy flour diet (MS) or purified isoflavone mix diet (MI), both with equivalent amounts of genistein. Positive controls received estradiol pellets and negative controls received sham pellets. GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array platform was used to evaluate gene expressions, and results were analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. Tumors in MS-fed mice exhibited higher expression of tumor growth suppressing genes ATP2A3 and BLNK and lower expression of oncogene MYC. Tumors in MI-fed mice expressed a higher level of oncogene MYB and a lower level of MHC-I and MHC-II, allowing tumor cells to escape immunosurveillance. MS-induced gene expression alterations were predictive of prolonged survival among estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer patients, whilst MI-induced gene changes were predictive of shortened survival. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that dietary soy flour affects gene expression differently than purified isoflavones, which may explain why soy foods prevent isoflavones-induced stimulation of MCF-7 tumor growth in athymic nude mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxian Liu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Leena Hilakivi-Clarke
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Yuan-xiang Pan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jianhua Xuan
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Stefanie C. Fleck
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Daniel R. Doerge
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - William G. Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|