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Barranco I, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Parra A, Martínez-Díaz P, Lucas X, Roca J. Immunophenotype profile by flow cytometry reveals different subtypes of extracellular vesicles in porcine seminal plasma. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:63. [PMID: 38263049 PMCID: PMC10807091 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine seminal plasma (SP) is endowed with a heterogeneous population of extracellular vesicles (sEVs). This study evaluated the immunophenotypic profile by high-sensitivity flow cytometry of eight sEV subpopulations isolated according to their size (small [S-sEVs] and large [L-sEVs]) from four different SP sources, namely three ejaculate fractions (the first 10 mL of the sperm rich fraction [SRF-P1], the remaining SRF [SRF-P2], and the post-SRF [PSRF]) and entire ejaculate (EE). METHODS Seminal EVs were isolated using a size exclusion chromatography-based protocol from six SP pools (five ejaculates/pool) of each SP source and characterized using complementary approaches including total protein (BCA™assay), particle size distribution (dynamic light scattering), morphology (transmission electron microscopy), and purity (albumin by Western blot). Expression of CD9, CD63, CD81, CD44 and HSP90β was analyzed in all sEV subpopulations by high-sensitivity flow cytometry according to MIFlowCyt-EV guidelines, including an accurate calibration, controls, and discrimination by CFSE-labelling. RESULTS Each sEV subpopulation exhibited a specific immunophenotypic profile. The percentage of sEVs positive for CD9, CD63, CD81 and HSP90β differed between S- and L-sEVs (P < 0.0001). Specifically, the percentage of sEVs positive for CD9 and CD63 was higher and that for CD81 was lower in S- than L-sEVs in the four SP sources. However, the percentage of HSP90β-positive sEVs was lower in S-sEVs than L-sEVs in the SRF-P1 and EE samples. The percentage of sEVs positive for CD9, CD63, and CD44 also differed among the four SP sources (P < 0.0001), being highest in PSRF samples. Notably, virtually all sEV subpopulations expressed CD44 (range: 88.04-98.50%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the utility of high-sensitivity flow cytometry for sEV immunophenotyping, allowing the identification of distinct sEV subpopulations that may have different cellular origin, cargo, functions, and target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barranco
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Ana Parra
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Xiomara Lucas
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Jiao Y, Gao L, Zhang T, He Z, Zheng SY, Liu W. Profiling DNA Cargos in Single Extracellular Vesicles via Hydrogel-Based Droplet Digital Multiple Displacement Amplification. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1293-1300. [PMID: 38189229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Due to the substantial heterogeneity among extracellular vesicle (EV) subpopulations, single-EV analysis has the potential to elucidate the mechanisms behind EV biogenesis and shed light on the myriad functions, leading to the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics. While many studies have been devoted to reveal between-EV variations in surface proteins and RNAs, DNA cargos (EV-DNA) have received little attention. Here, we report a hydrogel-based droplet digital multiple displacement amplification approach for the comprehensive analysis of EV-DNA at the single-EV level. Single EVs are dispersed in thousands of hydrogel droplets and lysed for DNA amplification and identification. The droplet microfluidics strategy empowers the assay with single-molecule sensitivity and capability for absolute quantification of DNA-containing EVs. In particular, our findings indicate that 5-40% EVs are associated with DNA, depending on the cell of origin. Large EVs exhibit a higher proportion of DNA-containing EVs and a more substantial presence of intraluminal DNA, compared to small EVs. These DNA-containing EVs carry multiple DNA fragments on average. Furthermore, both double-stranded DNA and single-stranded DNA were able to be detected at the single-EV level. Utilizing this method, the abundance, distribution, and biophysical properties of EV-DNA in various EV populations are evaluated. The DNA level within EVs provides insight into the status of the originating cells and offers valuable information on the outcomes of anticancer treatments. The utilization of single-EV analysis for EV-DNA holds significant promise for early cancer detection and treatment response monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Liyang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyi He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | | | - Wu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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Vassileff N, Spiers JG, Lee JD, Woodruff TM, Ebrahimie E, Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh M, Hill AF, Cheng L. A Panel of miRNA Biomarkers Common to Serum and Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Identified in Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-023-03857-z. [PMID: 38252383 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron disease characterised by the deposition of aggregated proteins including TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in vulnerable motor neurons and the brain. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate the spread of neurodegenerative diseases and can be easily accessed in the bloodstream. This study aimed to identify a panel of EV miRNAs that can capture the pathology occurring in the brain and peripheral circulation. EVs were isolated from the cortex (BDEVs) and serum (serum EVs) of 3 month-old and 6-month-old TDP-43*Q331K and TDP-43*WT mice. Following characterisation and miRNA isolation, the EVs underwent next-generation sequencing where 24 differentially packaged miRNAs were identified in the TDP-43*Q331K BDEVs and 7 in the TDP-43*Q331K serum EVs. Several miRNAs, including miR-183-5p, were linked to ALS. Additionally, miR-122-5p and miR-486b-5p were identified in both panels, demonstrating the ability of the serum EVs to capture the dysregulation occurring in the brain. This is the first study to identify miRNAs common to both the serum EVs and BDEVs in a mouse model of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Vassileff
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jereme G Spiers
- Clear Vision Research, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Genomics Research Platform, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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Song W, Liu H, Su Y, Zhao Q, Wang X, Cheng P, Wang H. Current developments and opportunities of pluripotent stem cells-based therapies for salivary gland hypofunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1346996. [PMID: 38313227 PMCID: PMC10834761 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1346996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) caused by systemic disease, drugs, aging, and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer can cause dry mouth, which increases the risk of disorders such as periodontitis, taste disorders, pain and burning sensations in the mouth, dental caries, and dramatically reduces the quality of life of patients. To date, the treatment of SGH is still aimed at relieving patients' clinical symptoms and improving their quality of life, and is not able to repair and regenerate the damaged salivary glands. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs), are an emerging source of cellular therapies that are capable of unlimited proliferation and differentiation into cells of all three germ layers. In recent years, the immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative effects of PSCs, their derived cells, and paracrine products of these cells have received increasing attention and have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in some preclinical studies targeting SGH. This review outlined the etiologies and available treatments for SGH. The existing efficacy and potential role of PSCs, their derived cells and paracrine products of these cells for SGH are summarized, with a focus on PSC-derived salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (SGS/PCs) and PSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this Review, we provide a conceptual outline of our current understanding of PSCs-based therapy and its importance in SGH treatment, which may inform and serve the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Research and Development Department, Allife Medicine Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Di Santo R, Niccolini B, Romanò S, Vaccaro M, Di Giacinto F, De Spirito M, Ciasca G. Advancements in Mid-Infrared spectroscopy of extracellular vesicles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123346. [PMID: 37774583 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid vesicles secreted by all cells into the extracellular space and act as nanosized biological messengers among cells. They carry a specific molecular cargo, composed of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, which reflects the state of their parent cells. Due to their remarkable structural and compositional heterogeneity, characterizing EVs, particularly from a biochemical perspective, presents complex challenges. In this context, mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy is emerging as a valuable tool, providing researchers with a comprehensive and label-free spectral fingerprint of EVs in terms of their specific molecular content. This review aims to provide an up-to-date critical overview of the major advancements in mid-IR spectroscopy of extracellular vesicles, encompassing both fundamental and applied research achievements. We also systematically emphasize the new possibilities offered by the integration of emerging cutting-edge IR technologies, such as tip-enhanced and surface-enhanced spectroscopy approaches, along with the growing use of machine learning for data analysis and spectral interpretation. Additionally, to assist researchers in navigating this intricate subject, our manuscript includes a wide and detailed collection of the spectral peaks that have been assigned to EV molecular constituents up to now in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Niccolini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vaccaro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Bhattacharya B, Nag S, Mukherjee S, Kulkarni M, Chandane P, Mandal D, Mukerjee N, Mirgh D, Anand K, Adhikari MD, Gorai S, Thorat N. Role of Exosomes in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:44-58. [PMID: 38108852 PMCID: PMC10792609 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process driving cancer metastasis, transforming non-motile cells into a motile population that migrates to distant organs and forms secondary tumors. In recent years, cancer research has revealed a strong connection between exosomes and the EMT. Exosomes, a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles, facilitate cellular communication and dynamically regulate various aspects of cancer metastasis, including immune cell suppression, extracellular matrix remodeling, metastasis initiation, EMT initiation, and organ-specific metastasis. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) and their molecular cargo, comprising proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, are essential components that promote EMT in cancer. TEXs miRNAs play a crucial role in reprogramming the tumor microenvironment, while TEX surface integrins contribute to organ-specific metastasis. Exosome-based cancer metastasis research offers a deeper understanding about cancer and an effective theranostic platform development. Additionally, various therapeutic sources of exosomes are paving the way for innovative cancer treatment development. In this Review, we spotlight the role of exosomes in EMT and their theranostic impact, aiming to inspire cancer researchers worldwide to explore this fascinating field in more innovative ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikramjit Bhattacharya
- Department
of Applied Microbiology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department
of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tiruvalam Road, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Amrita
School of NanoSciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Mrunal Kulkarni
- Department
of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Priti Chandane
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Debashmita Mandal
- Department
of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
University of Technology (MAKAUT), Haringhata, Nadia, West Bengal 741249, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Center
for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
- Department
of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community
and Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales 2770, Australia
| | - Divya Mirgh
- Vaccine
and Immunotherapy Canter, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department
of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Manab Deb Adhikari
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal
Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013, India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Rush University Medical
Center, 1620 W. Harrison St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Nanasaheb Thorat
- Limerick
Digital Cancer Research Centre and Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
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Rahimian S, Najafi H, Afzali B, Doroudian M. Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Novel Insights and Perspectives on Lung Cancer from Early Detection to Targeted Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:123. [PMID: 38255228 PMCID: PMC10813125 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer demands innovative approaches for early detection and targeted treatment. In addressing this urgent need, exosomes play a pivotal role in revolutionizing both the early detection and targeted treatment of lung cancer. Their remarkable capacity to encapsulate a diverse range of biomolecules, traverse biological barriers, and be engineered with specific targeting molecules makes them highly promising for both diagnostic markers and precise drug delivery to cancer cells. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of exosomal content and biogenesis offers crucial insights into the molecular profile of lung tumors. This knowledge holds significant potential for the development of targeted therapies and innovative diagnostic strategies for cancer. Despite notable progress in this field, challenges in standardization and cargo loading persist. Collaborative research efforts are imperative to maximize the potential of exosomes and advance the field of precision medicine for the benefit of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran; (S.R.); (H.N.); (B.A.)
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Ahmadi M, Abbasi R, Rezaie J. Tumor immune escape: extracellular vesicles roles and therapeutics application. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:9. [PMID: 38167133 PMCID: PMC10763406 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune escape, a process by which tumor cells evade immune surveillance, remains a challenge for cancer therapy. Tumor cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that participate in immune escape by transferring bioactive molecules between cells. EVs refer to heterogeneous vesicles that participate in intercellular communication. EVs from tumor cells usually carry tumor antigens and have been considered a source of tumor antigens to induce anti-tumor immunity. However, evidence also suggests that these EVs can accelerate immune escape by carrying heat shock proteins (HSPs), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), etc. to immune cells, suppressing function and exhausting the immune cells pool. EVs are progressively being evaluated for therapeutic implementation in cancer therapies. EVs-based immunotherapies involve inhibiting EVs generation, using natural EVs, and harnessing engineering EVs. All approaches are associated with advantages and disadvantages. The EVs heterogeneity and diverse physicochemical properties are the main challenges to their clinical applications. SHORT CONCLUSION Although EVs are criminal; they can be useful for overcoming immune escape. This review discusses the latest knowledge on EVs population and sheds light on the function of tumor-derived EVs in immune escape. It also describes EVs-based immunotherapies with a focus on engineered EVs, followed by challenges that hinder the clinical translation of EVs that are essential to be addressed in future investigations. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Abbasi
- Department of Biology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Sheykhhasan M, Heidari F, Farsani ME, Azimzadeh M, Kalhor N, Ababzadeh S, Seyedebrahimi R. Dual Role of Exosome in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review Study. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:852-864. [PMID: 37496136 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230726161035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the crucial means of intercellular communication, which takes many different forms. They are heterogeneous, secreted by a range of cell types, and can be generally classified into microvesicles and exosomes depending on their location and function. Exosomes are small EVs with diameters of about 30-150 nm and diverse cell sources. METHODS The MEDLINE/PubMed database was reviewed for papers written in English and publication dates of recent years, using the search string "Exosome" and "Neurodegenerative diseases." RESULTS The exosomes have attracted interest as a significant biomarker for a better understanding of disease development, gene silencing delivery, and alternatives to stem cell-based therapy because of their low-invasive therapeutic approach, repeatable distribution in the central nervous system (CNS), and high efficiency. Also, they are nanovesicles that carry various substances, which can have an impact on neural plasticity and cognitive functioning in both healthy and pathological circumstances. Therefore, exosomes are conceived as nanovesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. However, their composition varies considerably depending on the cells from which they are produced. CONCLUSION In the present review, we discuss several techniques for the isolation of exosomes from different cell sources. Furthermore, reviewing research on exosomes' possible functions as carriers of bioactive substances implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative illnesses, we further examine them. We also analyze the preclinical and clinical research that shows exosomes to have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Eslami Farsani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimzadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom, Iran
| | - Shima Ababzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Seyedebrahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Peng Q, Meng B, Wang J, Sun H, Chen L, Dai R, Zhang L. Regulating pyroptosis by mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles: A promising strategy to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116001. [PMID: 38128182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a main cause of low back pain (LBP), which can lead to disability and thus generate a heavy burden on society. IVDD is characterized by a decrease in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), degradation of the extracellular matrix, macrophage infiltration, and blood vessel and nerve ingrowth. To date, the therapeutic approaches regarding IVDD mainly include conservative treatment and surgical intervention. However, both can only relieve symptoms rather than stop or revert the progression of IVDD, since the pathogenesis of IVDD is not yet clear. Pyroptosis, which is characterized by Caspase family dependence and conducted by the Gasdermin family, is a newly discovered mode of programmed cell death. Pyroptosis has been observed in NPCs, annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs), chondrocytes, MSCs, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and neurons and may contribute to IVDD. MSCs are a kind of pluripotent stem cell that can be found in almost all tissues. MSCs have a strong ability to secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. EVs derived from MSCs play an important role in pyroptosis regulation and could be beneficial for alleviating IVDD. This review focuses on clarifying the regulation of pyroptosis to improve IVDD by MSCs and EVs derived from MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an 82 Hospital, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Liuyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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Pitzer CR, Paez HG, Ferrandi PJ, Mohamed J, Alway SE. Extracellular vesicles from obese and diabetic mouse plasma alter C2C12 myotube glucose uptake and gene expression. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15898. [PMID: 38169108 PMCID: PMC10761623 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated a role for circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. However, most in vitro studies have used variable and arbitrary doses of EVs rather than interpreting EVs as an existing component of standard skeletal muscle cell culture media. The current study provides an initial investigation into the effects of circulating EVs on the metabolic phenotype of C2C12 myotubes by replacing EVs from fetal bovine serum with circulating EVs from control mice or mice with obesity and type 2 diabetes (OT2D). We report that EVs associated with OT2D decrease 2-NBDG uptake (a proxy measure of glucose uptake) in the insulin-stimulated state compared to controls. OT2D associated EV treatment also significantly decreased myosin heavy chain type 1 (MHCI) mRNA abundance in myotubes but had no effect on mRNA expression of any other myosin heavy chain isoforms. OT2D-associated circulating EVs also significantly increased lipid accumulation within myotubes without altering the expression of a selection of genes important for lipid entry, synthesis, or catabolism. The data indicate that, in a severely diabetic state, circulating EVs may contribute to insulin resistance and alter gene expression in myotubes in a manner consistent with the skeletal muscle phenotype observed in OT2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Pitzer
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health ProfessionsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health SciencesThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health ProfessionsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Hector G. Paez
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health ProfessionsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health SciencesThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health ProfessionsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Peter J. Ferrandi
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health ProfessionsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health SciencesThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Laboratory of Muscle and Nerve, Department of Diagnostic and Health Sciences, College of Health ProfessionsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Junaith S. Mohamed
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health ProfessionsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Laboratory of Muscle and Nerve, Department of Diagnostic and Health Sciences, College of Health ProfessionsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Tennessee Institute of Regenerative MedicineThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health ProfessionsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health ProfessionsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Tennessee Institute of Regenerative MedicineThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
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Farzaneh M, Khoshnam SE. Functional Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes in Ischemic Stroke Treatment. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:2-14. [PMID: 36567297 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666221222123818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a life-threatening disease and one of the leading causes of death and physical disability worldwide. Currently, no drugs on the market promote neural recovery after stroke insult, and spontaneous remodeling processes are limited to induce recovery in the ischemic regions. Therefore, promoting a cell-based therapy has been needed to elevate the endogenous recovery process. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been regarded as candidate cell sources for therapeutic purposes of ischemic stroke, and their therapeutic effects are mediated by exosomes. The microRNA cargo in these extracellular vesicles is mostly responsible for the positive effects. When it comes to the therapeutic viewpoint, MSCsderived exosomes could be a promising therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke. The aim of this review is to discuss the current knowledge around the potential of MSCs-derived exosomes in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Park S, Lim J, Kim S, Jeon M, Baek H, Park W, Park J, Kim SN, Kang NG, Park CG, Kim JW. Anti-Inflammatory Artificial Extracellular Vesicles with Notable Inhibition of Particulate Matter-Induced Skin Inflammation and Barrier Function Impairment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59199-59208. [PMID: 37983083 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure disrupts the skin barrier, causing cutaneous inflammation that may eventually contribute to the development of various skin diseases. Herein, we introduce anti-inflammatory artificial extracellular vesicles (AEVs) fabricated through cell extrusion using the biosurfactant PEGylated mannosylerythritol lipid (P-MEL), hereafter named AEVP-MEL. The P-MEL has anti-inflammatory abilities with demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Mechanistically, AEVP-MEL enhanced anti-inflammatory response by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and decreasing the release of inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human keratinocytes. Moreover, AEVP-MEL promoted increased expression levels of skin barrier proteins (e.g., involucrin, IVL) and water-proteins (e.g., aquaporin 3, AQP3). In vivo studies revealed that repeated PM exposure to intact skin resulted in cutaneous inflammatory responses, including increased skin thickness (hyperkeratosis) and mast cell infiltration. Importantly, our data showed that the AEVP-MEL treatment significantly restored immune homeostasis in the skin affected by PM-induced inflammation and enhanced the intrinsic skin barrier function. This study highlights the potential of the AEVP-MEL in promoting skin health against PM exposure and its promising implications for the prevention and treatment of PM-related skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minha Jeon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwira Baek
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwon Park
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu 96813, United States
| | - Se Na Kim
- Research and Development Center, MediArk Inc.,Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Industrial Cosmetic Science, College of Bio-Health University System, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae-Gyu Kang
- R&D Campus, LG Household & Health Care, Seoul 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Xie G, Wu T, Ji G, Wu H, Lai Y, Wei B, Huang W. Circular RNA and intervertebral disc degeneration: unravelling mechanisms and implications. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1302017. [PMID: 38192334 PMCID: PMC10773835 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1302017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a major public health problem worldwide and a significant health and economic burden. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the reason for LBP. However, we have not identified effective therapeutic strategies to address this challenge. With accumulating knowledge on the role of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of IDD, we realised that circular RNAs (circRNAs) may have tremendous therapeutic potential and clinical application prospects in this field. This review presents an overview of the current understanding of characteristics, classification, biogenesis, and function of circRNAs and summarises the protective and detrimental circRNAs involved in the intervertebral disc that have been studied thus far. This review is aimed to help researchers better understand the regulatory role of circRNAs in the progression of IDD, reveal their clinical therapeutic potential, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and targeted treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Xie
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tingrui Wu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guangju Ji
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Lai
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Cocozza F, Martin‐Jaular L, Lippens L, Di Cicco A, Arribas YA, Ansart N, Dingli F, Richard M, Merle L, Jouve San Roman M, Poullet P, Loew D, Lévy D, Hendrix A, Kassiotis G, Joliot A, Tkach M, Théry C. Extracellular vesicles and co-isolated endogenous retroviruses from murine cancer cells differentially affect dendritic cells. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113590. [PMID: 38073509 PMCID: PMC10711651 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-vesicular extracellular (nano)particles (NVEPs or ENPs) that may play a role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived EVs have been proposed to induce immune priming of antigen presenting cells or to be immuno-suppressive agents. We suspect that such disparate functions are due to variable compositions in EV subtypes and ENPs. We aimed to characterize the array of secreted EVs and ENPs of murine tumor cell lines. Unexpectedly, we identified virus-like particles (VLPs) from endogenous murine leukemia virus in preparations of EVs produced by many tumor cells. We established a protocol to separate small EVs from VLPs and ENPs. We compared their protein composition and analyzed their functional interaction with target dendritic cells. ENPs were poorly captured and did not affect dendritic cells. Small EVs specifically induced dendritic cell death. A mixed large/dense EV/VLP preparation was most efficient to induce dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation. Our results call for systematic re-evaluation of the respective proportions and functions of non-viral EVs and VLPs produced by murine tumors and their contribution to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cocozza
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Lorena Martin‐Jaular
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- Institut Curie Centre de RechercheCurieCoreTech Extracellular VesiclesParisFrance
| | - Lien Lippens
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent University, and Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Aurelie Di Cicco
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico‐chimie CurieParisFrance
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT‐IBiSA)ParisFrance
| | - Yago A Arribas
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Ansart
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse ProtéomiqueParisFrance
| | - Michael Richard
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse ProtéomiqueParisFrance
| | - Louise Merle
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | | | - Patrick Poullet
- Institut Curie, Bioinformatics core facility (CUBIC), INSERM U900, PSL Research University, Mines Paris TechParisFrance
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse ProtéomiqueParisFrance
| | - Daniel Lévy
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico‐chimie CurieParisFrance
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT‐IBiSA)ParisFrance
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent University, and Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute and Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Alain Joliot
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Mercedes Tkach
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Clotilde Théry
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- Institut Curie Centre de RechercheCurieCoreTech Extracellular VesiclesParisFrance
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Flora K, Ishihara M, Zhang Z, Bowen ES, Wu A, Ayoub T, Huang J, Cano-Ruiz C, Jackson M, Reghu K, Ayoub Y, Zhu Y, Tseng HR, Zhou ZH, Hu J, Wu L. Exosomes from Von Hippel-Lindau-Null Cancer Cells Promote Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17307. [PMID: 38139136 PMCID: PMC10743428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that modulate essential physiological and pathological signals. Communication between cancer cells that express the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene and those that do not is instrumental to distant metastasis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In a novel metastasis model, VHL(-) cancer cells are the metastatic driver, while VHL(+) cells receive metastatic signals from VHL(-) cells and undergo aggressive transformation. This study investigates whether exosomes could be mediating metastatic crosstalk. Exosomes isolated from paired VHL(+) and VHL(-) cancer cell lines were assessed for physical, biochemical, and biological characteristics. Compared to the VHL(+) cells, VHL(-) cells produce significantly more exosomes that augment epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of VHL(+) cells. Using a Cre-loxP exosome reporter system, the fluorescent color conversion and migration were correlated with dose-dependent delivery of VHL(-) exosomes. VHL(-) exosomes even induced a complete cascade of distant metastasis when added to VHL(+) tumor xenografts in a duck chorioallantoic membrane (dCAM) model, while VHL(+) exosomes did not. Therefore, this study supports that exosomes from VHL(-) cells could mediate critical cell-to-cell crosstalk to promote metastasis in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailey Flora
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Moe Ishihara
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.I.); (Z.Z.); (C.C.-R.)
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.I.); (Z.Z.); (C.C.-R.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Bowen
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Aimee Wu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.W.); (J.H.); (M.J.); (K.R.)
| | - Tala Ayoub
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Julian Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.W.); (J.H.); (M.J.); (K.R.)
| | - Celine Cano-Ruiz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.I.); (Z.Z.); (C.C.-R.)
| | - Maia Jackson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.W.); (J.H.); (M.J.); (K.R.)
| | - Kaveeya Reghu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.W.); (J.H.); (M.J.); (K.R.)
| | - Yasmeen Ayoub
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.Z.); (H.-R.T.); (Z.H.Z.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.Z.); (H.-R.T.); (Z.H.Z.)
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Z. Hong Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.Z.); (H.-R.T.); (Z.H.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Junhui Hu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.I.); (Z.Z.); (C.C.-R.)
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.I.); (Z.Z.); (C.C.-R.)
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Burballa C, Duran M, Martínez C, Ariceta G, Cantero-Recasens G, Meseguer A. Isolation and characterization of exosome-enriched urinary extracellular vesicles from Dent's disease type 1 Spanish patients. Nefrologia 2023; 43 Suppl 2:77-84. [PMID: 38286722 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dent's disease type 1 (DD1) is a rare X-linked hereditary pathology caused by CLCN5 mutations that is characterized mainly by proximal tubule dysfunction, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis, progressive chronic kidney disease, and low-weight proteinuria, the molecular hallmark of the disease. Currently, there is no specific curative treatment, only symptomatic and does not prevent the progression of the disease. In this study we have isolated and characterized urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) enriched in exosomes that will allow us to identify biomarkers associated with DD1 progression and a better understanding of the pathophysiological bases of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through a national call from the Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN) and the Spanish Society of Pediatric Nephrology (AENP), urine samples were obtained from patients and controls from different Spanish hospitals, which were processed to obtain the uEVS. The data of these patients were provided by the respective nephrologists and/or extracted from the RENALTUBE registry. The uEVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation, morphologically characterized and their protein and microRNA content extracted. RESULTS 25 patients and 10 controls were recruited, from which the urine was processed to isolate the uEVs. Our results showed that the relative concentration of uEVs/mL is lower in patients compared to controls (0.26 × 106 uEVs/mL vs 1.19 × 106 uEVs/mL, p < 0.01). In addition, the uEVs of the patients were found to be significantly larger than those of the control subjects (mean diameter: 187.8 nm vs 143.6 nm, p < 0.01). Finally, our data demonstrated that RNA had been correctly extracted from both patient and control exosomes. CONCLUSIONS In this work we describe the isolation and characterization of uEVs from patients with Dent 1 disease and healthy controls, that shall be useful for the subsequent study of differentially expressed cargo molecules in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Burballa
- Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Duran
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Renal, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Renal, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Investigación Traslacional Vascular y Renal, IRB-Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gema Ariceta
- Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Meseguer
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Renal, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
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68
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Barreca V, Boussadia Z, Polignano D, Galli L, Tirelli V, Sanchez M, Falchi M, Bertuccini L, Iosi F, Tatti M, Sargiacomo M, Fiani ML. Metabolic labelling of a subpopulation of small extracellular vesicles using a fluorescent palmitic acid analogue. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12392. [PMID: 38072803 PMCID: PMC10710952 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are among the most puzzling vehicles of intercellular communication, but several crucial aspects of their biogenesis remain elusive, primarily due to the difficulty in purifying vesicles with similar sizes and densities. Here we report an effective methodology for labelling small extracellular vesicles (sEV) using Bodipy FL C16, a fluorescent palmitic acid analogue. In this study, we present compelling evidence that the fluorescent sEV population derived from Bodipy C16-labelled cells represents a discrete subpopulation of small exosomes following an intracellular pathway. Rapid cellular uptake and metabolism of Bodipy C16 resulted in the incorporation of fluorescent phospholipids into intracellular organelles specifically excluding the plasma membrane and ultimately becoming part of the exosomal membrane. Importantly, our fluorescence labelling method facilitated accurate quantification and characterization of exosomes, overcoming the limitations of nonspecific dye incorporation into heterogeneous vesicle populations. The characterization of Bodipy-labelled exosomes reveals their enrichment in tetraspanin markers, particularly CD63 and CD81, and in minor proportion CD9. Moreover, we employed nanoFACS sorting and electron microscopy to confirm the exosomal nature of Bodipy-labelled vesicles. This innovative metabolic labelling approach, based on the fate of a fatty acid, offers new avenues for investigating exosome biogenesis and functional properties in various physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barreca
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | - Deborah Polignano
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | - Lorenzo Galli
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS CenterIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Massimo Tatti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | - Maria Luisa Fiani
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
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Wang Z, Qin Z, Wang J, Xu X, Zhang M, Liang Y, Huang Y, Yu Z, Gong Y, Zhou L, Qiu Y, Ma M, Li D, Li B. Engineering extracellular vesicles with macrophage membrane fusion for ameliorating imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin inflammation. J DERMATOL TREAT 2023; 34:2220445. [PMID: 38073229 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2220445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Herein, we developed an engineered extracellular vehicle (EV)-based method for ameliorating inflammatory responses in psoriasis. METHODS EVs, derived from annexin A1 (ANXA1) overexpressing T cells, were co-extruded with M2 macrophage membrane to obtain engineered EVs. In vitro, the effect of engineered EVs on macrophage polarization was evaluated by real-time PCR. In imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model, the efficacy of engineered EVs in ameliorating psoriatic inflammation was evaluated by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score and immunohistochemistry staining after subcutaneous injection of EVs. RESULTS The engineered EVs not only preserved the high stability of M2 macrophage membrane but also retained the macrophage reprogramming potential of ANXA1 overexpressed in T cells. In the psoriasis-like mouse model, subcutaneous injection of engineered EVs successfully reduced the PASI score and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Along with high biosafety, the administration of EVs also rescued the histomorphological changes of spleen, liver, and kidney. CONCLUSIONS The engineered EVs exhibited the potential to alleviate inflammation of psoriasis, providing new insights and potential strategies for the immunotherapies of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhen Qin
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiadie Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinqi Xu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxin Zhang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyue Liang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengyang Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luxian Zhou
- Research Centre, Shanghai Archgene Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Qiu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglu Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Ferreira GA, Thomé CH, Izumi C, Grassi ML, Lanfredi GP, Smolka M, Faça VM, Candido Dos Reis FJ. Proteomic analysis of exosomes secreted during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and potential biomarkers of mesenchymal high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:232. [PMID: 38031074 PMCID: PMC10685605 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes cell signaling and morphology alterations, contributing to cancer progression. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles containing proteins involved in cell-cell communication, have emerged as a potential source of biomarkers for several diseases. METHODS Our aim was to assess the proteome content of exosomes secreted after EMT-induction to identify potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer classification. EMT was induced in the ovarian cancer cell line CAOV3 by treating it with EGF (10 ng/mL) for 96 h following 24 h of serum deprivation. Subsequently, exosomes were isolated from the supernatant using selective centrifugation after decellularization, and their characteristics were determined. The proteins present in the exosomes were extracted, identified, and quantified using Label-Free-Quantification (LFQ) via Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To identify potential biomarkers, the obtained proteomic data was integrated with the TGGA database for mRNA expression using principal component analysis and a conditional inference tree. RESULTS The exosomes derived from CAOV3 cells exhibited similar diameter and morphology, measuring approximately 150 nm, regardless of whether they were subjected to EMT stimulation or not. The proteomic analysis of proteins from CAOV3-derived exosomes revealed significant differential regulation of 157 proteins, with 100 showing upregulation and 57 downregulation upon EMT induction. Further comparison of the upregulated proteins with the TCGA transcriptomic data identified PLAU, LAMB1, COL6A1, and TGFB1 as potential biomarkers of the mesenchymal HGSOC subtype. CONCLUSIONS The induction of EMT, the isolation of exosomes, and the subsequent proteomic analysis highlight potential biomarkers for an aggressive ovarian cancer subtype. Further investigation into the role of these proteins is warranted to enhance our understanding of ovarian cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Aguiar Ferreira
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Hassibe Thomé
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Clarice Izumi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lopes Grassi
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pauperio Lanfredi
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcus Smolka
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Vitor Marcel Faça
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Lee JY, Lee S, Lee H, Tran TTP, Kim BC, Rhee WJ. In Situ Simultaneous Detection of Surface Protein and microRNA in Clustered Extracellular Vesicles from Cancer Cell Lines Using Flow Cytometry. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6369-6378. [PMID: 37905510 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly important in liquid biopsy for cancer because they contain multiple biomarkers, including proteins and RNAs, and circulate throughout the body. Cancer cell-derived EVs are highly heterogeneous, and multiplexed biomarker detection techniques are required to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. In addition, in situ EV biomarker detection increases the efficiency of the detection process because EVs are difficult to handle. In this study, in situ simultaneous detection of EV surface proteins, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and internal miRNA-21 (miR-21) analyzed by conventional flow cytometry was developed for a breast cancer liquid biopsy. However, the majority of EVs were not recognized by flow cytometry for biomarker detection because the size of EVs was below the detectable size range of the flow cytometer. To solve this problem, the formation of EV clusters was induced by 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE)-polyethylene glycol-DSPE during biomarker detection. Consequently, both PD-L1 and miR-21 detection signals from cancer cell-derived EVs were drastically increased, making them distinguishable from normal cell-derived EVs. The in situ simultaneous cancer biomarker detection from EV clusters analyzed by flow cytometry contributes to an increase in the sensitivity and accuracy of the EV-based liquid biopsy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Soye Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneul Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Tham Truong Phuong Tran
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Choul Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Rhee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Bio Materials & Process Development, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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He Z, Greven J, Shi Y, Qin K, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Buhl EM, Eschweiler J, Hildebrand F, Balmayor ER. Extracellular vesicles derived from endothelial cells modulate macrophage phenotype in vitro. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:506. [PMID: 37946271 PMCID: PMC10634087 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-to-cell communication by horizontally transferring biological materials from host cells to target cells. During exposure to pathogens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (e.g., lipopolysaccharide, LPS) get in contact with endothelial cells and stimulate the secretion of endothelial cell-derived EVs (E-EVs). The triggered EVs secretion is known to have a modulating influence on the EVs-receiving cells. Macrophages, a major component of innate immunity, are polarized upon receiving external inflammatory stimuli, in which toll-like receptor4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway plays a key role. However, the functions of LPS-induced E-EVs (ELPS-EVs) in modulating macrophage phenotype and activation remain elusive. We collected the EVs from quiescent endothelial cells (ENor-EVs) and ELPS-EVs to detect their stimulatory role on NR8383 macrophages. Isolated EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot assay, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). NR8383 macrophages were stimulated with ELPS-EVs, ENor-EVs, or PBS for 24 h. Hereafter, the uptake of EVs by the macrophages was investigated. Upon EVs stimulation, cellular viability was determined by MTT assay, while macrophage phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. Furthermore, a western blot assay was conducted to evaluate the potentially involved TLR4-NFκB pathway. Interestingly, upon exposure to LPS, endothelial cells secreted significantly higher amounts of EVs (i.e., ELPS-EVs) when compared to quiescent cells or cells in PBS. The ELPS-EVs were also better internalized by NR8383 macrophages than ENor-EVs. The cellular viability of ELPS-EVs-treated macrophages was 1.2 times higher than those in the ENor-EVs and PBS groups. In addition, ELPS-EVs modulated NR8383 macrophages towards a proinflammatory macrophage M1-like phenotype. This was indicated by the significantly upregulated expressions of proinflammatory macrophage biomarkers CD86 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) observed in ELPS-EVs-treated macrophages. The TLR4-NFκB signaling pathway was substantially activated in ELPS-EVs-treated macrophages, indicated by the elevated expressions of makers TLR4 and phosphorylated form of nuclear factor kappa B p65 subunit (p-NFκBp65). Overall, our results indicate that E-EVs play a crucial role in macrophage phenotype modulation under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen He
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Greven
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yulong Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Kang Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute for Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Rosado Balmayor
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Khalyfa A, Marin JM, Sanz-Rubio D, Lyu Z, Joshi T, Gozal D. Multi-Omics Analysis of Circulating Exosomes in Adherent Long-Term Treated OSA Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16074. [PMID: 38003263 PMCID: PMC10671639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent chronic disease affecting nearly a billion people globally and increasing the risk of multi-organ morbidity and overall mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying such adverse outcomes remain incompletely delineated. Extracellular vesicles (exosomes) are secreted by most cells, are involved in both proximal and long-distance intercellular communication, and contribute toward homeostasis under physiological conditions. A multi-omics integrative assessment of plasma-derived exosomes from adult OSA patients prior to and after 1-year adherent CPAP treatment is lacking. We conducted multi-omic integrative assessments of plasma-derived exosomes from adult OSA patients prior to and following 1-year adherent CPAP treatment to identify potential specific disease candidates. Fasting morning plasma exosomes isolated from 12 adult patients with polysomnographically-diagnosed OSA were analyzed before and after 12 months of adherent CPAP therapy (mean ≥ 6 h/night) (OSAT). Exosomes were characterized by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Endothelial cell barrier integrity, wound healing, and tube formation were also performed. Multi-omics analysis for exosome cargos was integrated. Exosomes derived from OSAT improved endothelial permeability and dysfunction as well as significant improvement in tube formation compared with OSA. Multi-omic approaches for OSA circulating exosomes included lipidomic, proteomic, and small RNA (miRNAs) assessments. We found 30 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), 72 lipids (DELs), and 13 miRNAs (DEMs). We found that the cholesterol metabolism (has04979) pathway is associated with lipid classes in OSA patients. Among the 12 subjects of OSA and OSAT, seven subjects had complete comprehensive exosome cargo information including lipids, proteins, and miRNAs. Multi-omic approaches identify potential signature biomarkers in plasma exosomes that are responsive to adherent OSA treatment. These differentially expressed molecules may also play a mechanistic role in OSA-induced morbidities and their reversibility. Our data suggest that a multi-omic integrative approach might be useful in understanding how exosomes function, their origin, and their potential clinical relevance, all of which merit future exploration in the context of relevant phenotypic variance. Developing an integrated molecular classification should lead to improved diagnostic classification, risk stratification, and patient management of OSA by assigning molecular disease-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Department of Child Health, Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Jose M. Marin
- Translational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet & IISAragon, CIBERES, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David Sanz-Rubio
- Translational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet & IISAragon, CIBERES, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Zhen Lyu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (Z.L.); (T.J.)
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (Z.L.); (T.J.)
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics and Christopher S Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
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Yoo S, Choi S, Kim I, Kim IS. Hypoxic regulation of extracellular vesicles: Implications for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2023; 363:201-220. [PMID: 37739015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in intercellular communication and have been implicated in cancer progression. Hypoxia, a pervasive hallmark of cancer, is known to regulate EV biogenesis and function. Hypoxic EVs contain a specific set of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, capable of reprogramming the biology and fate of recipient cells. Enhancing the intrinsic therapeutic efficacy of EVs can be achieved by strategically modifying their structure and contents. Moreover, the use of EVs as drug delivery vehicles holds great promise for cancer treatment. However, various hurdles must be overcome to enable their clinical application as cancer therapeutics. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge on the hypoxic regulation of EVs. Additionally, we will describe the underlying mechanisms by which EVs contribute to cancer progression in hypoxia and outline the progress and limitations of hypoxia-related EV therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkyeong Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Sanga Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Iljin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
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de Oliveira GP, Welsh JA, Pinckney B, Palu CC, Lu S, Zimmerman A, Barbosa RH, Sahu P, Noshin M, Gummuluru S, Tigges J, Jones JC, Ivanov AR, Ghiran IC. Human red blood cells release microvesicles with distinct sizes and protein composition that alter neutrophil phagocytosis. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e107. [PMID: 37942280 PMCID: PMC10629908 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound structures released by cells and tissues into biofluids, involved in cell-cell communication. In humans, circulating red blood cells (RBCs), represent the most common cell-type in the body, generating daily large numbers of microvesicles. In vitro, RBC vesiculation can be mimicked by stimulating RBCs with calcium ionophores, such as ionomycin and A23187. The fate of microvesicles released during in vivo aging of RBCs and their interactions with circulating cells is hitherto unknown. Using SEC plus DEG isolation methods, we have found that human RBCs generate microvesicles with two distinct sizes, densities, and protein composition, identified by flow cytometry, and MRPS, and further validated by immune TEM. Furthermore, proteomic analysis revealed that RBC-derived microvesicles (RBC-MVs) are enriched in proteins with important functions in ion channel regulation, calcium homeostasis, and vesicular transport, such as of sorcin, stomatin, annexin A7, and RAB proteins. Cryo-electron microscopy identified two separate pathways of RBC-MV-neutrophil interaction, direct fusion with the plasma membrane and internalization, respectively. Functionally, RBC-MVs decrease neutrophil ability to phagocytose E. coli but do not affect their survival at 24 hrs. This work brings new insights regarding the complexity of the RBC-MVs biogenesis, as well as their possible role in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getulio Pereira de Oliveira
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyBarnett Institute of Chemical & Biological AnalysisNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joshua A. Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Brandy Pinckney
- Nano Flow Core FacilityBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Shulin Lu
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alan Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyBarnett Institute of Chemical & Biological AnalysisNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Raquel Hora Barbosa
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Parul Sahu
- Department of AnesthesiaBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Maeesha Noshin
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of MicrobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - John Tigges
- Nano Flow Core FacilityBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jennifer Clare Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyBarnett Institute of Chemical & Biological AnalysisNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ionita C. Ghiran
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of AnesthesiaBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Habib A, Liang Y, Zhu N. Exosomes multifunctional roles in HIV-1: insight into the immune regulation, vaccine development and current progress in delivery system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249133. [PMID: 37965312 PMCID: PMC10642161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) is known to establish a persistent latent infection. The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can effectively reduce the viral load, but the treatment can be costly and may lead to the development of drug resistance and life-shortening side effects. It is important to develop an ideal and safer in vivo target therapy that will effectively block viral replication and expression in the body. Exosomes have recently emerged as a promising drug delivery vehicle due to their low immunogenicity, nanoscale size (30-150nm), high biocompatibility, and stability in the targeted area. Exosomes, which are genetically produced by different types of cells such as dendritic cells, neurons, T and B cells, epithelial cells, tumor cells, and mast cells, are designed for efficient delivery to targeted cells. In this article, we review and highlight recent developments in the strategy and application of exosome-based HIV-1 vaccines. We also discuss the use of exosome-based antigen delivery systems in vaccine development. HIV-1 antigen can be loaded into exosomes, and this modified cargo can be delivered to target cells or tissues through different loading approaches. This review also discusses the immunological prospects of exosomes and their role as biomarkers in disease progression. However, there are significant administrative and technological obstacles that need to be overcome to fully harness the potential of exosome drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Habib
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulai Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naishuo Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Van Gool SW, Van de Vliet P, Kampers LFC, Kosmal J, Sprenger T, Reich E, Schirrmacher V, Stuecker W. Methods behind oncolytic virus-based DC vaccines in cancer: Toward a multiphase combined treatment strategy for Glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 183:51-113. [PMID: 38548421 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an orphan cancer disease with poor outcome. Novel treatment strategies are needed. Immunotherapy has several modes of action. The addition of active specific immunotherapy with dendritic cell vaccines resulted in improved overall survival of patients. Integration of DC vaccination within the first-line combined treatment became a challenge, and immunogenic cell death immunotherapy during chemotherapy was introduced. We used a retrospective analysis using real world data to evaluate the complex combined treatment, which included individualized multimodal immunotherapy during and after standard of care, and which required adaptations during treatment, and found a further improvement of overall survival. We also discuss the use of real world data as evidence. Novel strategies to move the field of individualized multimodal immunotherapy forward for GBM patients are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ella Reich
- Immun-onkologisches Zentrum Köln, Cologne, Germany
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Xavier J, Jerome W, Zaslav K, Grande D. Exosome-Laden Scaffolds for Treatment of Post-Traumatic Cartilage Injury and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15178. [PMID: 37894859 PMCID: PMC10607649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based exosomes have garnered attention as a viable therapeutic for post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis of the knee; however, efforts for application have been limited due to issues with variable dosing and rapid clearance in vivo. Scaffolds laden with MSC-based exosomes have recently been investigated as a solution to these issues. Here, we review in vivo studies and highlight key strengths and potential clinical uses of exosome-scaffold therapeutics for treatment of post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis. In vivo animal studies were gathered using keywords related to the topic, revealing 466 studies after removal of duplicate papers. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for abstract screening and full-text review. Thirteen relevant studies were identified for analysis and extraction. Three predominant scaffold subtypes were identified: hydrogels, acellular extracellular matrices, and hyaluronic acid. Each scaffold-exosome design showcased unique properties with relation to gross findings, tissue histology, biomechanics, and gene expression. All designs demonstrated a reduction in inflammation and induction of tissue regeneration. The results of our review show that current exosome-scaffold therapeutics demonstrate the capability to halt and even reverse the course of post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis. While this treatment modality shows incredible promise, future research should aim to characterize long-term biocompatibility and optimize scaffold designs for human treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorden Xavier
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (J.X.); (W.J.)
| | - William Jerome
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (J.X.); (W.J.)
| | - Kenneth Zaslav
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, NY 11030, USA;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10075, USA
| | - Daniel Grande
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, NY 11030, USA;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New York, NY 11040, USA
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79
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Papadakos SP, Arvanitakis K, Stergiou IE, Vallilas C, Sougioultzis S, Germanidis G, Theocharis S. Interplay of Extracellular Vesicles and TLR4 Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathophysiology and Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2460. [PMID: 37896221 PMCID: PMC10610499 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a significant contributor to global cancer-related mortality. Chronic inflammation, often arising from diverse sources such as viral hepatitis, alcohol misuse, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), profoundly influences HCC development. Within this context, the interplay of extracellular vesicles (EVs) gains prominence. EVs, encompassing exosomes and microvesicles, mediate cell-to-cell communication and cargo transfer, impacting various biological processes, including inflammation and cancer progression. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a key sentinel of the innate immune system, recognizes both pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thereby triggering diverse signaling cascades and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The intricate involvement of the TLR4 signaling pathway in chronic liver disease and HCC pathogenesis is discussed in this study. Moreover, we delve into the therapeutic potential of modulating the TLR4 pathway using EVs as novel therapeutic agents for HCC. This review underscores the multifaceted role of EVs in the context of HCC and proposes innovative avenues for targeted interventions against this formidable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Christos Vallilas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavros Sougioultzis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
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80
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Lei Y, Fei X, Ding Y, Zhang J, Zhang G, Dong L, Song J, Zhuo Y, Xue W, Zhang P, Yang C. Simultaneous subset tracing and miRNA profiling of tumor-derived exosomes via dual-surface-protein orthogonal barcoding. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1556. [PMID: 37792944 PMCID: PMC10550235 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical potential of miRNA-based liquid biopsy has been largely limited by the heterogeneous sources in plasma and tedious assay processes. Here, we develop a precise and robust one-pot assay called dual-surface-protein-guided orthogonal recognition of tumor-derived exosomes and in situ profiling of microRNAs (SORTER) to detect tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs and enhance the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer (PCa). The SORTER uses two allosteric aptamers against exosomal marker CD63 and tumor marker EpCAM to create an orthogonal labeling barcode and achieve selective sorting of tumor-specific exosome subtypes. Furthermore, the labeled barcode on tumor-derived exosomes initiated targeted membrane fusion with liposome probes to import miRNA detection reagents, enabling in situ sensitive profiling of tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs. With a signature of six miRNAs, SORTER differentiated PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia with an accuracy of 100%. Notably, the diagnostic accuracy reached 90.6% in the classification of metastatic and nonmetastatic PCa. We envision that the SORTER will promote the clinical adaptability of miRNA-based liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Lei
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaochen Fei
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jia Song
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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81
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Guda PR, Sharma A, Anthony AJ, ElMasry MS, Couse AD, Ghatak PD, Das A, Timsina L, Trinidad JC, Roy S, Clemmer DE, Sen CK, Ghatak S. Nanoscopic and Functional Characterization of Keratinocyte-Originating Exosomes in the Wound Fluid of Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Chronic Wound Patients. NANO TODAY 2023; 52:101954. [PMID: 38282661 PMCID: PMC10810552 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2023.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, a class of extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, play a critical role in paracrine signaling for successful cell-cell crosstalk in vivo. However, limitations in our current understanding of these circulating nanoparticles hinder efficient isolation, characterization, and downstream functional analysis of cell-specific exosomes. In this work, we sought to develop a method to isolate and characterize keratinocyte-originated exosomes (hExo κ ) from human chronic wound fluid. Furthermore, we studied the significance of hExo κ in diabetic wounds. LC-MS-MS detection of KRT14 in hExo κ and subsequent validation by Vesiclepedia and Exocarta databases identified surface KRT14 as a reliable marker of hExo κ . dSTORM nanoimaging identified KRT14+ extracellular vesicles (EV κ ) in human chronic wound fluid, 23% of which were of exosomal origin. An immunomagnetic two-step separation method using KRT14 and tetraspanin antibodies successfully isolated hExo κ from the heterogeneous pool of EV in chronic wound fluid of 15 non-diabetic and 22 diabetic patients. Isolated hExo κ (Ø75-150nm) were characterized per EV-track guidelines. dSTORM images, analyzed using online CODI followed by independent validation using Nanometrix, revealed hExo κ Ø as 80-145nm. The abundance of hExo κ was low in diabetic wound fluids and negatively correlated with patient HbA1c levels. The hExo κ isolated from diabetic wound fluid showed a low abundance of small bp RNA (<200 bp). Raman spectroscopy underscored differences in surface lipids between non-diabetic and diabetic hExo κ Uptake of hExo κ by monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) was low for diabetics versus non-diabetics. Unlike hExo κ from non-diabetics, the addition of diabetic hExo κ to MDM polarized with LPS and INFγ resulted in sustained expression of iNOS and pro-inflammatory chemokines known to recruit macrophage (mϕ) This work provides maiden insight into the structure, composition, and function of hExo κ from chronic wound fluid thus providing a foundation for the study of exosomal malfunction under conditions of diabetic complications such as wound chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornachander R. Guda
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anu Sharma
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Adam J Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Mohamed S ElMasry
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Andrew D Couse
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Piya Das Ghatak
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Amitava Das
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lava Timsina
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Sashwati Roy
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - David E. Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Subhadip Ghatak
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine & Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Fayyazpour P, Fayyazpour A, Abbasi K, Vaez-Gharamaleki Y, Zangbar MSS, Raeisi M, Mehdizadeh A. The role of exosomes in cancer biology by shedding light on their lipid contents. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154813. [PMID: 37769395 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular bilayer membrane nanovesicles released by cells after the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane. One of the interesting features of exosomes is their ability to carry and transfer various molecules, including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and therapeutic cargoes among cells. As intercellular signaling organelles, exosomes participate in various signaling processes such as tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell physiology such as cell-to-cell communication. Moreover, these particles are considered good vehicles to shuttle vaccines and drugs for therapeutic applications regarding cancers and tumor cells. These bioactive vesicles are also rich in various lipid molecules such as cholesterol, sphingomyelin (SM), glycosphingolipids, and phosphatidylserine (PS). These lipids play an important role in the formation, release, and function of the exosomes and interestingly, some lipids are used as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. This review aimed to focus on exosomes lipid content and their role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Fayyazpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Fayyazpour
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yosra Vaez-Gharamaleki
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mortaza Raeisi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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83
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Kalia V, Baccarelli AA, Happel C, Hollander JA, Jukic AM, McAllister KA, Menon R, Merrick BA, Milosavljevic A, Ravichandran LV, Roth ME, Subramanian A, Tyson FL, Worth L, Shaughnessy DT. Seminar: Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Environmental Stress in Human Disease. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:104201. [PMID: 37861803 PMCID: PMC10588739 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound particles containing a variety of RNA types, DNA, proteins, and other macromolecules, are now appreciated as an important means of communication between cells and tissues, both in normal cellular physiology and as a potential indicator of cellular stress, environmental exposures, and early disease pathogenesis. Extracellular signaling through EVs is a growing field of research for understanding fundamental mechanisms of health and disease and for the potential for biomarker discovery and therapy development. EVs are also known to play important roles in mediating the effects of exposure to environmental stress. OBJECTIVES This seminar addresses the application of new tools and approaches for EV research, developed in part through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Extracellular RNA Communication Program, and reflects presentations and discussions from a workshop held 27-28 September 2021 by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) on "Extracellular Vesicles, Exosomes, and Cell-Cell Signaling in Response to Environmental Stress." The panel of experts discussed current research on EVs and environmental exposures, highlighted recent advances in EV isolation and characterization, and considered research gaps and opportunities toward identifying and characterizing the roles for EVs in environmentally related diseases, as well as the current challenges and opportunities in this field. DISCUSSION The authors discuss the application of new experimental models, particularly organ-on-chip (OOC) systems and in vitro approaches and how these have the potential to extend findings in population-based studies of EVs in exposure-related diseases. Given the complex challenges of identifying cell-specific EVs related to environmental exposures, as well as the general heterogeneity and variability in EVs in blood and other accessible biological samples, there is a critical need for rigorous reporting of experimental methods and validation studies. The authors note that these efforts, combined with cross-disciplinary approaches, would ensure that future research efforts in environmental health studies on EV biomarkers are rigorous and reproducible. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12980.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Kalia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christine Happel
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Hollander
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne Marie Jukic
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kimberly A. McAllister
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Bruce A. Merrick
- Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Lingamanaidu V. Ravichandran
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew E. Roth
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anita Subramanian
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Frederick L. Tyson
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leroy Worth
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel T. Shaughnessy
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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84
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Rydland A, Heinicke F, Flåm ST, Mjaavatten MD, Lie BA. Small extracellular vesicles have distinct CD81 and CD9 tetraspanin expression profiles in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2867-2875. [PMID: 36826611 PMCID: PMC10543154 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but little is known about the composition of specific small EV (sEV) subpopulations. This study aimed to characterize the CD63, CD81 and CD9 tetraspanin profile in the membrane of single EVs in plasma from treatment naïve RA patients and assess potential discrepancies between methotrexate (MTX) responder groups. EVs isolated from plasma were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, and detection of surface markers (CD63, CD81 and CD9) on single EVs was performed on the ExoView platform. All RA patients (N = 8) were newly diagnosed, treatment naïve, females, ACPA positive and former smokers. The controls (N = 5) were matched for age and gender. After three months of MTX treatment, responders (N = 4) were defined as those with ΔDAS28 > 1.2 and DAS28 ≤ 3.2 post-treatment. The isolated EVs were 50-200 nm in size. The RA patients had a higher proportion of both CD9 and CD81 single positive sEVs compared to healthy controls, while there was a decrease in CD81/CD9 double positive sEVs in patients. Stratification of RA patients into MTX responders and non-responders revealed a distinctly higher proportion of CD81 single positive sEVs in the responder group. The proportion of CD81/CD9 double positive sEVs (anti-CD9 captured) was lower in the non-responders, but increased upon 3 months of MTX treatment. Our exploratory study revealed distinct tetraspanin profiles in RA patients suggesting their implication in RA pathophysiology and MTX treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rydland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Fatima Heinicke
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri T Flåm
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria D Mjaavatten
- Division of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte A Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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85
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Zhu J, Wu F, Li C, Mao J, Wang Y, Zhou X, Xie H, Wen C. Application of Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis Techniques. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5365-5376. [PMID: 37750091 PMCID: PMC10518151 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s421342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid containers that are actively released by cells and contain complex molecular cargoes. These cargoes include abundant material such as genomes and proteins from cells of origin. They are involved in intercellular communication and various pathological processes, showing excellent potential for diagnosing and treating diseases. Given the significant heterogeneity of EVs in complex physiopathological processes, unveiling their composition is essential to understanding their function. Bulk detection methods have been previously used to analyze EVs, but they often mask their heterogeneity, leading to the loss of valuable information. To overcome this limitation, single extracellular vesicle (SEV) analysis techniques have been developed and advanced. These techniques allow for analyzing EVs' physical information and biometric molecules at the SEV level. This paper reviews recent advances in SEV detection methods and summarizes some clinical applications for SEV detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junquan Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feifeng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuifang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jueyi Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haotian Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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86
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Mavroudis I, Balmus IM, Ciobica A, Nicoara MN, Luca AC, Palade DO. The Role of Microglial Exosomes and miR-124-3p in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Repair after Traumatic Brain Injury. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1924. [PMID: 37763327 PMCID: PMC10532687 DOI: 10.3390/life13091924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-124-3p microglial exosomes, as they were previously reported to modulate neuroinflammation and promote neuronal repair following traumatic brain injury (TBI). (2) Methods: Studies investigating the impact of microglial exosomal miRNAs, specifically miR-124-3p, on injured neurons and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) in the context of TBI were reviewed. (3) Results: Animal models of TBI, in vitro cell culture experiments, RNA sequencing analysis, and functional assays were employed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-124-3p-loaded exosomes on neuroinflammation and neuronal repair. Anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of microglia, mTOR signaling suppression, and BMVECs-mediated autophagy were reported as the main processes contributing to neuroprotection, reduced blood-brain barrier leakage, and improved neurologic outcomes in animal models of TBI. (4) Conclusions: Microglial exosomes, particularly those carrying miR-124-3p, have emerged as promising candidates for therapeutic interventions in TBI. These exosomes exhibit neuroprotective effects, attenuate neuroinflammation, and promote neuronal repair and plasticity. However, further research is required to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize their delivery strategies for effective treatment in human TBI cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mavroudis
- Department of Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine, Leeds University, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Str. Alexandru Lapusneanu, no. 26, 700057 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I no. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Bd. Carol I, no. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Str. Splaiul Independentei no. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Preclinical Department, Apollonia University, Păcurari Street 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mircea Nicusor Nicoara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I no. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I no. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Costina Luca
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Universitatii no. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Octavian Palade
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Universitatii no. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Li M, Zhang L, Chen CW. Diverse Roles of Protein Palmitoylation in Cancer Progression, Immunity, Stemness, and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:2209. [PMID: 37759431 PMCID: PMC10526800 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein S-palmitoylation, a type of post-translational modification, refers to the reversible process of attachment of a fatty acyl chain-a 16-carbon palmitate acid-to the specific cysteine residues on target proteins. By adding the lipid chain to proteins, it increases the hydrophobicity of proteins and modulates protein stability, interaction with effector proteins, subcellular localization, and membrane trafficking. Palmitoylation is catalyzed by a group of zinc finger DHHC-containing proteins (ZDHHCs), whereas depalmitoylation is catalyzed by a family of acyl-protein thioesterases. Increasing numbers of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors have been identified to be palmitoylated, and palmitoylation is essential for their functions. Understanding how palmitoylation influences the function of individual proteins, the physiological roles of palmitoylation, and how dysregulated palmitoylation leads to pathological consequences are important drivers of current research in this research field. Further, due to the critical roles in modifying functions of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors, targeting palmitoylation has been used as a candidate therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Here, based on recent literatures, we discuss the progress of investigating roles of palmitoylation in regulating cancer progression, immune responses against cancer, and cancer stem cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Leisi Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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88
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Mu N, Li J, Zeng L, You J, Li R, Qin A, Liu X, Yan F, Zhou Z. Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles: Current Progress and Prospects. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4987-5009. [PMID: 37693885 PMCID: PMC10492547 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s420748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles, ranging in size from 30-150nm, which can be derived from various types of cells. In recent years, mammalian-derived exosomes have been extensively studied and found to play a crucial role in regulating intercellular communication, thereby influencing the development and progression of numerous diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has employed plant-based remedies for thousands of years, and an increasing body of evidence suggests that plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PELNs) share similarities with mammalian-derived exosomes in terms of their structure and function. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the study of PELNs and their potential implications for human health. Specifically, we summarize the roles of PELNs in respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and other diseases. Furthermore, we have extensively investigated the potential shortcomings and challenges in current research regarding the mechanism of action, safety, administration routes, isolation and extraction methods, characterization and identification techniques, as well as drug-loading capabilities. Based on these considerations, we propose recommendations for future research directions. Overall, our review highlights the potential of PELNs as a promising area of research, with broad implications for the treatment of human diseases. We anticipate continued interest in this area and hope that our summary of recent findings will stimulate further exploration into the implications of PELNs for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai Mu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan You
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anquan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Yan
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Fracchia A, Khare D, Da’na S, Or R, Buxboim A, Nachmias B, Barkatz C, Golan-Gerstl R, Tiwari S, Stepensky P, Nevo Y, Benyamini H, Elgavish S, Almogi-Hazan O, Avni B. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Apoptosis, TNF Alpha and Interferon Gamma Response Gene mRNA Expression in T Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13689. [PMID: 37761990 PMCID: PMC10530670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of small extracellular bodies derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-sEVs) for various diseases, notably through their ability to alter T-cell differentiation and function. The current study aimed to explore immunomodulatory pathway alterations within T cells through mRNA sequencing of activated T cells cocultured with bone marrow-derived MSC-sEVs. mRNA profiling of activated human T cells cocultured with MSC-sEVs or vehicle control was performed using the QIAGEN Illumina sequencing platform. Pathway networks and biological functions of the differentially expressed genes were analyzed using Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA)® software, KEGG pathway, GSEA and STRING database. A total of 364 differentially expressed genes were identified in sEV-treated T cells. Canonical pathway analysis highlighted the RhoA signaling pathway. Cellular development, movement, growth and proliferation, cell-to-cell interaction and inflammatory response-related gene expression were altered. KEGG enrichment pathway analysis underscored the apoptosis pathway. GSEA identified enrichment in downregulated genes associated with TNF alpha and interferon gamma response, and upregulated genes related to apoptosis and migration of lymphocytes and T-cell differentiation gene sets. Our findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which MSC-sEVs implement immunomodulatory effects on activated T cells. These findings may contribute to the development of MSC-sEV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fracchia
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Drirh Khare
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Samar Da’na
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
| | - Reuven Or
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Amnon Buxboim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Boaz Nachmias
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Claudine Barkatz
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
| | - Regina Golan-Gerstl
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India;
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (Y.N.); (H.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (Y.N.); (H.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (Y.N.); (H.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Osnat Almogi-Hazan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
| | - Batia Avni
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
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90
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Nielsen MH, Bæk R, Jorgensen MM, Mellergaard M, Handberg A. Increased extracellular vesicles (EVs) related to T cell-mediated inflammation and vascular function in familial hypercholesterolemia. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2023; 53:16-25. [PMID: 37637934 PMCID: PMC10457578 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims OxLDL modulates innate and adaptive immunity, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from both non-immune and immune cells are proposed key players in atherosclerosis development. In the present study, we aimed to investigate EVs expressing markers related to adaptive immunity-driven inflammation and endothelial activation/dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic patients. Methods EVs were phenotyped in thirty patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and twenty-three healthy controls using the Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Array with antibodies targeting proteins expressed on B and T cells, and endothelial cells. Results FH patients had a higher atherosclerotic burden, as determined by the mean carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (0.64 ± 0.12 mm vs. 0.58 ± 0.07 mm; p = 0.033), higher oxLDL levels (p < 0.0001), and showed increased levels of EV-specific markers: CD9 (p = 0.017), CD63 (p = 0.045), CD81 (p = 0.003), Annexin V (p = 0.018), and EV markers related to adaptive/lymphocyte immunity: CD28 (p = 0.034), CD4 (p = 0.049), CD152 (p = 0.029), LFA-1 (p = 0.024), and endothelial function: CD62E (p = 0.032), CD144 (p = 0.018), tPA (p = 0.017), CD31 (p = 0.024). Linear regression revealed a positive relationship between carotid IMT and several of the increased markers observed within the FH group, including CD9 (β = 0.33; p = 0.022), CD63 (β = 0.35; p 225 = 0.026), CD28 (β = 0.37; p = 0.026), CD4 (β = 0.40; p = 0.025), CD152 (β = 0.41; p = 0.017), LFA-1 (β = 0.42; p = 0.014) and CD62E (β = 0.38; p = 0.024). Conclusion EVs associated with adaptive immunity and endothelial dysfunction are elevated in FH patients, and several markers related to a higher atherosclerotic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Malene Moller Jorgensen
- Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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91
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Mullen S, Movia D. The role of extracellular vesicles in non-small-cell lung cancer, the unknowns, and how new approach methodologies can support new knowledge generation in the field. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106516. [PMID: 37406971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles released from most human cell types that contain a variety of cargos responsible for mediating cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ communications. Current knowledge demonstrates that EVs also play critical roles in many aspects of the progression of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Their roles range from increasing proliferative signalling to inhibiting apoptosis, promoting cancer metastasis, and modulating the tumour microenvironment to support cancer development. However, due to the limited availability of patient samples, intrinsic inter-species differences between human and animal EV biology, and the complex nature of EV interactions in vivo, where multiple cell types are present and several events occur simultaneously, the use of conventional preclinical and clinical models has significantly hindered reaching conclusive results. This review discusses the biological roles that EVs are currently known to play in NSCLC and identifies specific challenges in advancing today's knowledge. It also describes the NSCLC models that have been used to define currently-known EV functions, the limitations associated with their use in this field, and how New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), such as microfluidic platforms, organoids, and spheroids, can be used to overcome these limitations, effectively supporting future exciting discoveries in the NSCLC field and the potential clinical exploitation of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sive Mullen
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dania Movia
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland.
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92
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Mukherjee S, Dhar R, Jonnalagadda S, Gorai S, Nag S, Kar R, Mukerjee N, Mukherjee D, Vatsa R, Arikketh D, Krishnan A, Gundamaraju R, Jha SK, Alexiou A, Papadakis M. Exosomal miRNAs and breast cancer: a complex theranostics interlink with clinical significance. Biomarkers 2023; 28:502-518. [PMID: 37352015 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2023.2229537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the most challenging global health crisis of the current decade, impacting a large population of females annually. In the field of cancer research, the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes (a subpopulation of EVs), has marked a significant milestone. In general, exosomes are released from all active cells but tumour cell-derived exosomes (TDXs) have a great impact (TDXs miRNAs, proteins, lipid molecules) on cancer development and progression. TDXs regulate multiple events in breast cancer such as tumour microenvironment remodelling, immune cell suppression, angiogenesis, metastasis (EMT-epithelial mesenchymal transition, organ-specific metastasis), and therapeutic resistance. In BC, early detection is the most challenging event, exosome-based BC screening solved the problem. Exosome-based BC treatment is a sign of the transforming era of liquid biopsy, it is also a promising therapeutic tool for breast cancer. Exosome research goes to closer precision oncology via a single exosome profiling approach. Our hope is that this review will serve as motivation for researchers to explore the field of exosomes and develop an efficient, and affordable theranostics approach for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | | | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Rishav Kar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Belur Math,India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | | | - Rishabh Vatsa
- Department of Microbiology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, India
| | - Devi Arikketh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
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van de Wakker SI, Meijers FM, Sluijter JPG, Vader P. Extracellular Vesicle Heterogeneity and Its Impact for Regenerative Medicine Applications. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1043-1061. [PMID: 37280097 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-enclosed particles that are involved in physiologic and pathologic processes. EVs are increasingly being studied for therapeutic applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Therapeutic application of stem cell-derived EVs has shown great potential to stimulate tissue repair. However, the exact mechanisms through which they induce this effect have not been fully clarified. This may to a large extent be attributed to a lack of knowledge on EV heterogeneity. Recent studies suggest that EVs represent a heterogeneous population of vesicles with distinct functions. The heterogeneity of EVs can be attributed to differences in their biogenesis, and as such, they can be classified into distinct populations that can then be further subcategorized into various subpopulations. A better understanding of EV heterogeneity is crucial for elucidating their mechanisms of action in tissue regeneration. This review provides an overview of the latest insights on EV heterogeneity related to tissue repair, including the different characteristics that contribute to such heterogeneity and the functional differences among EV subtypes. It also sheds light on the challenges that hinder clinical translation of EVs. Additionally, innovative EV isolation techniques for studying EV heterogeneity are discussed. Improved knowledge of active EV subtypes would promote the development of tailored EV therapies and aid researchers in the translation of EV-based therapeutics to the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Within this review we discuss the differences in regenerative properties of extracellular vesicle (EV) subpopulations and implications of EV heterogeneity for development of EV-based therapeutics. We aim to provide new insights into which aspects are leading to heterogeneity in EV preparations and stress the importance of EV heterogeneity studies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonides Immanuel van de Wakker
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Fleur Michelle Meijers
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Joost Petrus Gerardus Sluijter
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
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Luo X, Jean-Toussaint R, Tian Y, Balashov SV, Sacan A, Ajit SK. Small Extracellular Vesicles From Spared Nerve Injury Model and Sham Control Mice Differentially Regulate Gene Expression in Primary Microglia. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1570-1581. [PMID: 37044293 PMCID: PMC10524046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Nerve injury outcomes might be predicted by examining small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in circulation, as their biomolecular cargo facilitates cellular communication and can alter transcriptional state and behavior of recipient cells. We found that sEVs from the serum of spared nerve injury (SNI) model male mice had 7 differentially expressed miRNAs compared to sEVs from sham-operated control mice 4 weeks postsurgery. We investigated how these sEVs alter transcription in primary cortical microglia, a crucial mediator of neuropathic pain, using RNA sequencing. While the uptake of sEVs from both SNI model and sham groups changed gene expression in microglia compared to PBS treatment, sEVs from the sham group induced a more drastic change, particularly in genes involved in immune response. This was recapitulated by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in microglia incubated with sEVs from sham control compared to sEVs from SNI model, naïve mice, or PBS. However, treating microglia with sEVs from female mice showed that serum sEVs derived from female SNI mice but not from female sham mice induced a more pronounced microglial secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Our data demonstrate that the molecular changes induced by sham surgery injuring skin and muscles are reflected in circulating sEVs in male mice 4 weeks later. Thus, when using sEVs from sham mice as control in comparative mechanistic studies after nerve injury, sex of mice should be taken into consideration. PERSPECTIVE: Microglial uptake of sEVs from male sham control mice induces higher pro-inflammatory responses compared to SNI sEVs but the reverse was observed upon treatment with sEVs from female mice. Wound healing may have a long-term impact on sEVs in male mice and should be considered for comparative studies using sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Luo
- Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Renée Jean-Toussaint
- Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuzhen Tian
- Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergey V Balashov
- Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ahmet Sacan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Seena K Ajit
- Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Peng XY(L, Su P, Guo Y, Zhang J, Peng L, Zhang R. A Microfluidic Experimental Method for Studying Cell-to-Cell Exosome Delivery-Taking Stem Cell-Tumor Cell Interaction as a Case. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13419. [PMID: 37686225 PMCID: PMC10488205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication must occur through molecular transport in the intercellular fluid space. Nanoparticles, such as exosomes, diffuse or move more slowly in fluids than small molecules. To find a microfluidic technology for real-time exosome experiments on intercellular communication between living cells, we use the microfluidic culture dish's quaternary ultra-slow microcirculation flow field to accumulate nanoparticles in a specific area. Taking stem cell-tumor cell interaction as an example, the ultra-slow microcirculatory flow field controls stem cell exosomes to interfere with tumor cells remotely. Under static coculture conditions (without microfluidics), the tumor cells near stem cells (<200 µm) show quick breaking through from its Matrigel drop to meet stem cells, but this 'breaking through' quickly disappears with increasing distance. In programmed ultra-slow microcirculation, stem cells induce tumor cells 5000 μm far at the site of exosome deposition (according to nanoparticle simulations). After 14 days of programmed coculture, the glomeration and migration of tumor cells were observed in the exosome deposition area. This example shows that the ultra-slow microcirculation of the microfluidic culture dish has good prospects in quantitative experiments to study exosome communication between living cells and drug development of cancer metastasis.
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Battista M, Hoffmann B, Bachelot Y, Zimmermann L, Teuber L, Jost A, Linde S, Westermann M, Müller MM, Slevogt H, Hammerschmidt S, Figge MT, Vilhena C, Zipfel PF. The role of pneumococcal extracellular vesicles on the pathophysiology of the kidney disease hemolytic uremic syndrome. mSphere 2023; 8:e0014223. [PMID: 37358300 PMCID: PMC10449520 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00142-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome (Sp-HUS) is a kidney disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. This disease is frequently underdiagnosed and its pathophysiology is poorly understood. In this work, we compared clinical strains, isolated from infant Sp-HUS patients, with a reference pathogenic strain D39, for host cytotoxicity and further explored the role of Sp-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathogenesis of an HUS infection. In comparison with the wild-type strain, pneumococcal HUS strains caused significant lysis of human erythrocytes and increased the release of hydrogen peroxide. Isolated Sp-HUS EVs were characterized by performing dynamic light-scattering microscopy and proteomic analysis. Sp-HUS strain released EVs at a constant concentration during growth, yet the size of the EVs varied and several subpopulations emerged at later time points. The cargo of the Sp-HUS EVs included several virulence factors at high abundance, i.e., the ribosomal subunit assembly factor BipA, the pneumococcal surface protein A, the lytic enzyme LytC, several sugar utilization, and fatty acid synthesis proteins. Sp-HUS EVs strongly downregulated the expression of the endothelial surface marker platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and were internalized by human endothelial cells. Sp-HUS EVs elicited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CXCL1) by human monocytes. These findings shed new light on the overall function of Sp-EVs, in the scope of infection-mediated HUS, and suggest new avenues of research for exploring the usefulness of Sp-EVs as therapeutic and diagnostic targets. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (Sp-HUS) is a serious and underdiagnosed deadly complication of invasive pneumococcal disease. Despite the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine, cases of Sp-HUS continue to emerge, especially in children under the age of 2. While a lot has been studied regarding pneumococcal proteins and their role on Sp-HUS pathophysiology, little is known about the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In our work, we isolate and initially characterize EVs from a reference pathogenic strain (D39) and a strain isolated from a 2-year-old patient suffering from Sp-HUS. We demonstrate that despite lacking cytotoxicity toward human cells, Sp-HUS EVs are highly internalized by endothelial cells and can trigger cytokine and chemokine production in monocytes. In addition, this work specifically highlights the distinct morphological characteristics of Sp-HUS EVs and their unique cargo. Overall, this work sheds new light into potentially relevant players contained in EVs that might elucidate about pneumococcal EVs biogenesis or pose as interesting candidates for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Battista
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianca Hoffmann
- Applied Systems Biology, HKI-Center for Systems Biology of Infection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yann Bachelot
- Applied Systems Biology, HKI-Center for Systems Biology of Infection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Lioba Zimmermann
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Laura Teuber
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Aurélie Jost
- Microverse Imaging Center, Cluster of Excellence “Balance of the Microverse,” Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Linde
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Westermann
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mario M. Müller
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Applied Systems Biology, HKI-Center for Systems Biology of Infection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Cláudia Vilhena
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter F. Zipfel
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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97
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Liang W, Sagar S, Ravindran R, Najor RH, Quiles JM, Chi L, Diao RY, Woodall BP, Leon LJ, Zumaya E, Duran J, Cauvi DM, De Maio A, Adler ED, Gustafsson ÅB. Mitochondria are secreted in extracellular vesicles when lysosomal function is impaired. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5031. [PMID: 37596294 PMCID: PMC10439183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control is critical for cardiac homeostasis as these organelles are responsible for generating most of the energy needed to sustain contraction. Dysfunctional mitochondria are normally degraded via intracellular degradation pathways that converge on the lysosome. Here, we identified an alternative mechanism to eliminate mitochondria when lysosomal function is compromised. We show that lysosomal inhibition leads to increased secretion of mitochondria in large extracellular vesicles (EVs). The EVs are produced in multivesicular bodies, and their release is independent of autophagy. Deletion of the small GTPase Rab7 in cells or adult mouse heart leads to increased secretion of EVs containing ubiquitinated cargos, including intact mitochondria. The secreted EVs are captured by macrophages without activating inflammation. Hearts from aged mice or Danon disease patients have increased levels of secreted EVs containing mitochondria indicating activation of vesicular release during cardiac pathophysiology. Overall, these findings establish that mitochondria are eliminated in large EVs through the endosomal pathway when lysosomal degradation is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shakti Sagar
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rishith Ravindran
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rita H Najor
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justin M Quiles
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Liguo Chi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Y Diao
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin P Woodall
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leonardo J Leon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erika Zumaya
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason Duran
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David M Cauvi
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Antonio De Maio
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric D Adler
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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98
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Lin AA, Shen H, Spychalski G, Carpenter EL, Issadore D. Modeling and optimization of parallelized immunomagnetic nanopore sorting for surface marker specific isolation of extracellular vesicles from complex media. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13292. [PMID: 37587235 PMCID: PMC10432479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of specific subpopulations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) based on their expression of surface markers poses a significant challenge due to their nanoscale size (< 800 nm), their heterogeneous surface marker expression, and the vast number of background EVs present in clinical specimens (1010-1012 EVs/mL in blood). Highly parallelized nanomagnetic sorting using track etched magnetic nanopore (TENPO) chips has achieved precise immunospecific sorting with high throughput and resilience to clogging. However, there has not yet been a systematic study of the design parameters that control the trade-offs in throughput, target EV recovery, and ability to discard background EVs in this approach. We combine finite-element simulation and experimental characterization of TENPO chips to elucidate design rules to isolate EV subpopulations from blood. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by reducing device background > 10× relative to prior published designs without sacrificing recovery of the target EVs by selecting pore diameter, number of membranes placed in series, and flow rate. We compare TENPO-isolated EVs to those of gold-standard methods of EV isolation and demonstrate its utility for wide application and modularity by targeting subpopulations of EVs from multiple models of disease including lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hanfei Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Griffin Spychalski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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99
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Couto-Rodriguez A, Villaseñor A, Pablo-Torres C, Obeso D, Rey-Stolle MF, Peinado H, Bueno JL, Reaño-Martos M, Iglesias Cadarso A, Gomez-Casado C, Barbas C, Barber D, Escribese MM, Izquierdo E. Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Lipid Carriers in Severe Allergic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12714. [PMID: 37628895 PMCID: PMC10454366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is a complex process that is critical for removing inflammatory cells and restoring tissue function. The dysregulation of these mechanisms leads to chronic inflammatory disorders. Platelets, essential cells for preserving homeostasis, are thought to play a role in inflammation as they are a source of immunomodulatory factors. Our aim was to identify key metabolites carried by platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PL-EVs) in a model of allergic inflammation. PL-EVs were isolated by serial ultracentrifugation using platelet-rich plasma samples obtained from platelet apheresis from severely (n = 6) and mildly (n = 6) allergic patients and non-allergic individuals used as controls (n = 8). PL-EVs were analysed by a multiplatform approach using liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS and GC-MS, respectively). PL-EVs obtained from severely and mildly allergic patients and control individuals presented comparable particle concentrations and sizes with similar protein concentrations. Strikingly, PL-EVs differed in their lipid and metabolic content according to the severity of inflammation. L-carnitine, ceramide (Cer (d18:0/24:0)), and several triglycerides, all of which seem to be involved in apoptosis and regulatory T functions, were higher in PL-EVs from patients with mild allergic inflammation than in those with severe inflammation. In contrast, PL-EVs obtained from patients with severe allergic inflammation showed an alteration in the arachidonic acid pathway. This study demonstrates that PL-EVs carry specific lipids and metabolites according to the degree of inflammation in allergic patients and propose novel perspectives for characterising the progression of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Couto-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-R.)
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-R.)
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Carmela Pablo-Torres
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-R.)
| | - David Obeso
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-R.)
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - María Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Molecular Oncology Programme, Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Bueno
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Reaño-Martos
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Iglesias Cadarso
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gomez-Casado
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-R.)
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Domingo Barber
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-R.)
| | - María M. Escribese
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-R.)
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.-R.)
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100
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Zheng W, Rädler J, Sork H, Niu Z, Roudi S, Bost JP, Görgens A, Zhao Y, Mamand DR, Liang X, Wiklander OPB, Lehto T, Gupta D, Nordin JZ, El Andaloussi S. Identification of scaffold proteins for improved endogenous engineering of extracellular vesicles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4734. [PMID: 37550290 PMCID: PMC10406850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining ground as next-generation drug delivery modalities. Genetic fusion of the protein of interest to a scaffold protein with high EV-sorting ability represents a robust cargo loading strategy. To address the paucity of such scaffold proteins, we leverage a simple and reliable assay that can distinguish intravesicular cargo proteins from surface- as well as non-vesicular proteins and compare the EV-sorting potential of 244 candidate proteins. We identify 24 proteins with conserved EV-sorting abilities across five types of producer cells. TSPAN2 and TSPAN3 emerge as lead candidates and outperform the well-studied CD63 scaffold. Importantly, these engineered EVs show promise as delivery vehicles in cell cultures and mice as demonstrated by efficient transfer of luminal cargo proteins as well as surface display of different functional entities. The discovery of these scaffolds provides a platform for EV-based engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zheng
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Julia Rädler
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helena Sork
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zheyu Niu
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Samantha Roudi
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jeremy P Bost
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ying Zhao
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Doste R Mamand
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Oscar P B Wiklander
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taavi Lehto
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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