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Odeh‐Couvertier VY, Dwarshuis NJ, Colonna MB, Levine BL, Edison AS, Kotanchek T, Roy K, Torres‐Garcia W. Predicting T‐cell quality during manufacturing through an artificial intelligence‐based integrative multiomics analytical platform. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10282. [PMID: 35600660 PMCID: PMC9115702 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Large‐scale, reproducible manufacturing of therapeutic cells with consistently high quality is vital for translation to clinically effective and widely accessible cell therapies. However, the biological and logistical complexity of manufacturing a living product, including challenges associated with their inherent variability and uncertainties of process parameters, currently make it difficult to achieve predictable cell‐product quality. Using a degradable microscaffold‐based T‐cell process, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven experimental‐computational platform to identify a set of critical process parameters and critical quality attributes from heterogeneous, high‐dimensional, time‐dependent multiomics data, measurable during early stages of manufacturing and predictive of end‐of‐manufacturing product quality. Sequential, design‐of‐experiment‐based studies, coupled with an agnostic machine‐learning framework, were used to extract feature combinations from early in‐culture media assessment that were highly predictive of the end‐product CD4/CD8 ratio and total live CD4+ and CD8+ naïve and central memory T cells (CD63L+CCR7+). Our results demonstrate a broadly applicable platform tool to predict end‐product quality and composition from early time point in‐process measurements during therapeutic cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan J. Dwarshuis
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Maxwell B. Colonna
- Departments of Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Bruce L. Levine
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Arthur S. Edison
- Departments of Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | | | - Krishnendu Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Wandaliz Torres‐Garcia
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Mayagüez Puerto Rico USA
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102
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Abstract
Vaccination affords protection from disease by activating pathogen-specific immune cells and facilitating the development of persistent immunologic memory toward the vaccine-specific pathogen. Current vaccine regimens are often based on the efficiency of the acute immune response, and not necessarily on the generation of memory cells, in part because the mechanisms underlying the development of efficient immune memory remain incompletely understood. This Review describes recent advances in defining memory T cell metabolism and how metabolism of these cells might be altered in patients affected by mitochondrial diseases or metabolic syndrome, who show higher susceptibility to recurrent infections and higher rates of vaccine failure. It discusses how this new understanding could add to the way we think about immunologic memory, vaccine development, and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Corrado
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Oncology, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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103
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Huang MY, Liu XY, Shao Q, Zhang X, Miao L, Wu XY, Xu YX, Wang F, Wang HY, Zeng L, Deng L. Phosphoserine phosphatase as a prognostic biomarker in patients with gastric cancer and its potential association with immune cells. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:1. [PMID: 34979926 PMCID: PMC8722028 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because of dismal prognosis in gastric cancer, identifying relevant prognostic factors is necessary. Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH) exhibits different expression patterns in many cancers and has been reported to affect the prognosis of patients with cancer. In this study, we examined the prognostic role of metabolic gene PSPH in gastric cancer based on the TCGA dataset and our hospital–based cohort cases. Methods We collected and analysed RNA-seq data of Pan-cancer and gastric cancer in the TCGA dataset and PSPH expression data obtained from immunohistochemical analysis of 243 patients with gastric cancer from Sun Yat-sen University cancer center. Further, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox analysis were used to assess the effect of PSPH on prognosis. The ESTIMATE and Cibersort algorithms were used to elucidate the relationship between PSPH and the abundance of immune cells using the TCGA dataset. Results We observed that PSPH expression displayed considerably high in gastric cancer and it was significantly associated with inferior prognosis (P = 0.043). Surprisingly, there was a significant relationship between lower immune scores and high expression of PSPH (P < 0.05). Furthermore, patients with a low amount of immune cells exhibited poor prognosis (P = 0.046). The expression of PSPH significantly increased in activated memory CD4 T cells, resting NK cells and M0 macrophages (P = 0.037, < 0.001, and 0.005, respectively). Conclusions This study highlighted that PSPH influences the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer, and this is associated with the infiltration of tumour immune cells, indicating that PSPH may be a new immune-related target for treating gastric cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-02073-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma-Yan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Liu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Dongfeng East Road 651, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Shao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Dongfeng East Road 651, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Dongfeng East Road 651, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Dongfeng East Road 651, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xia Xu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Dongfeng East Road 651, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Dongfeng East Road 651, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Deng
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Dongfeng East Road 651, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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104
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Fu L, Zhao J, Huang J, Li N, Dong X, He Y, Wang W, Wang Y, Qiu J, Guo X. A mitochondrial STAT3-methionine metabolism axis promotes ILC2-driven allergic lung inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:2091-2104. [PMID: 34974065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), the innate counterpart of T helper 2 cells (Th2), play a critical role in type 2 immune responses. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of ILC2s are still unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the importance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to ILC2 function in allergic lung inflammation. METHODS Acute and chronic asthma models were established by intranasal administration of the protease allergen papain in VavicreStat3fl/fl, Il5tdtomato-creStat3fl/fl, and RorccreStat3fl/fl mice to verify the necessity of functional STAT3 for ILC2 allergic response. The intrinsic role of STAT3 in regulating ILC2 function was examined by generation of bone marrow chimera mice. The underlying mechanism was studied through confocal imaging, metabolomics analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR. RESULTS STAT3 is essential for ILC2 effector function and promotes ILC2-driven allergic inflammation in the lung. Mechanistically, the alarmin cytokine interleukin (IL)-33 induces a non-canonical STAT3 phosphorylation at serine 727 in ILC2s, leading to translocation of STAT3 into the mitochondria. Mitochondrial STAT3 further facilitates adenosine triphosphate synthesis to fuel the methionine cycle and generation of S-adenosylmethionine, which supports the epigenetic reprogramming of type 2 cytokines in ILC2s. STAT3 deficiency, inhibition of STAT3 mitochondrial translocation, or blockade of methionine metabolism markedly dampened the ILC2 allergic response and ameliorated allergic lung inflammation. CONCLUSION The mitochondrial STAT3-methionine metabolism pathway is a key regulator that shapes ILC2 effector function through epigenetic regulation, and the related proteins or metabolites represent potential therapeutic targets for allergic lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhui Fu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Jiaoyan Huang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Na Li
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Xin Dong
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Yao He
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Ju Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing.
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105
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Zhang M, Jin X, Sun R, Xiong X, Wang J, Xie D, Zhao M. Optimization of metabolism to improve efficacy during CAR-T cell manufacturing. J Transl Med 2021; 19:499. [PMID: 34876185 PMCID: PMC8650271 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy is a relatively new, effective, and rapidly evolving therapeutic for adoptive immunotherapies. Although it has achieved remarkable effect in hematological malignancies, there are some problems that remain to be resolved. For example, there are high recurrence rates and poor efficacy in solid tumors. In this review, we first briefly describe the metabolic re-editing of T cells and the changes in metabolism during the preparation of CAR-T cells. Furthermore, we summarize the latest developments and newest strategies to improve the metabolic adaptability and antitumor activity of CAR-T cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- First Center Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- First Center Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- First Center Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Danni Xie
- First Center Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - MingFeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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106
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Wilfahrt D, Philips RL, Lama J, Kizerwetter M, Shapiro MJ, McCue SA, Kennedy MM, Rajcula MJ, Zeng H, Shapiro VS. Histone deacetylase 3 represses cholesterol efflux during CD4 + T-cell activation. eLife 2021; 10:e70978. [PMID: 34854376 PMCID: PMC8639145 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After antigenic activation, quiescent naive CD4+ T cells alter their metabolism to proliferate. This metabolic shift increases production of nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids, and sterols. Here, we show that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is critical for activation of murine peripheral CD4+ T cells. HDAC3-deficient CD4+ T cells failed to proliferate and blast after in vitro TCR/CD28 stimulation. Upon T-cell activation, genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis are upregulated while genes that promote cholesterol efflux are repressed. HDAC3-deficient CD4+ T cells had reduced levels of cellular cholesterol both before and after activation. HDAC3-deficient cells upregulate cholesterol synthesis appropriately after activation, but fail to repress cholesterol efflux; notably, they overexpress cholesterol efflux transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Repression of these genes is the primary function for HDAC3 in peripheral CD4+ T cells, as addition of exogenous cholesterol restored proliferative capacity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate HDAC3 is essential during CD4+ T-cell activation to repress cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Wilfahrt
- Department of Immunology, Mayo ClinicRochesterUnited States
| | | | - Jyoti Lama
- Department of Immunology, Mayo ClinicRochesterUnited States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hu Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Mayo ClinicRochesterUnited States
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterUnited States
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107
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Siska PJ, Decking SM, Babl N, Matos C, Bruss C, Singer K, Klitzke J, Schön M, Simeth J, Köstler J, Siegmund H, Ugele I, Paulus M, Dietl A, Kolodova K, Steines L, Freitag K, Peuker A, Schönhammer G, Raithel J, Graf B, Geismann F, Lubnow M, Mack M, Hau P, Bohr C, Burkhardt R, Gessner A, Salzberger B, Wagner R, Hanses F, Hitzenbichler F, Heudobler D, Lüke F, Pukrop T, Herr W, Wolff D, Spang R, Poeck H, Hoffmann P, Jantsch J, Brochhausen C, Lunz D, Rehli M, Kreutz M, Renner K. Metabolic imbalance of T cells in COVID-19 is hallmarked by basigin and mitigated by dexamethasone. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:148225. [PMID: 34779418 DOI: 10.1172/jci148225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways regulate immune responses and disrupted metabolism leads to immune dysfunction and disease. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is driven by imbalanced immune responses, yet the role of immunometabolism in COVID-19 pathogenesis remains unclear. By investigating 87 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6 critically ill non-COVID-19 patients, and 47 uninfected controls, we found an immunometabolic dysregulation in patients with progressed COVID-19. Specifically, T cells, monocytes, and granulocytes exhibited increased mitochondrial mass, yet only T cells accumulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), were metabolically quiescent, and showed a disrupted mitochondrial architecture. During recovery, T cell ROS decreased to match the uninfected controls. Transcriptionally, T cells from severe/critical COVID-19 patients showed an induction of ROS-responsive genes as well as genes related to mitochondrial function and the basigin network. Basigin (CD147) ligands cyclophilin A and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein triggered ROS production in T cells in vitro. In line with this, only PCR-positive patients showed increased ROS levels. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in a downregulation of ROS in vitro and T cells from dexamethasone-treated patients exhibited low ROS and basigin levels. This was reflected by changes in the transcriptional landscape. Our findings provide evidence of an immunometabolic dysregulation in COVID-19 that can be mitigated by dexamethasone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Siska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sonja-Maria Decking
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Babl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carina Matos
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Bruss
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Jana Klitzke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marian Schön
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Simeth
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Josef Köstler
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Siegmund
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Central Biobank Regensburg, University Hospital and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ines Ugele
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg
| | | | | | - Kristina Kolodova
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Freitag
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alice Peuker
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schönhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Raithel
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Hau
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology
| | - Christopher Bohr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg
| | | | - Andre Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Hanses
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, and.,Emergency Department, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Heudobler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lüke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spang
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Central Biobank Regensburg, University Hospital and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Rehli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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108
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Han C, Ge M, Ho PC, Zhang L. Fueling T-cell Antitumor Immunity: Amino Acid Metabolism Revisited. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1373-1382. [PMID: 34716193 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
T cells are the key players in eliminating malignant tumors. Adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-specific T cells and immune checkpoint blockade has yielded durable antitumor responses in the clinic, but not all patients respond initially and some that do respond eventually have tumor progression. Thus, new approaches to enhance the utility of immunotherapy are needed. T-cell activation and differentiation status are tightly controlled at the transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic levels. Amino acids are involved in multiple steps of T-cell antitumor immunity, including T-cell activation, proliferation, effector function, memory formation as well as functional exhaustion. In this review, we briefly discuss how amino acid metabolism is linked to T-cell fate decisions and summarize how amino acid deprivation or accumulation of certain amino acid metabolites within the tumor microenvironment diminishes T-cell functionality. Furthermore, we discuss potential strategies for immunotherapy via modulating amino acid metabolism either in T cells intrinsically or extrinsically to achieve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfeng Han
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Minmin Ge
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
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109
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Tatekawa S, Ofusa K, Chijimatsu R, Vecchione A, Tamari K, Ogawa K, Ishii H. Methylosystem for Cancer Sieging Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5088. [PMID: 34680237 PMCID: PMC8534198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As cancer is a genetic disease, methylation defines a biologically malignant phenotype of cancer in the association of one-carbon metabolism-dependent S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor in each cell. Methylated substances are involved in intracellular metabolism, but via intercellular communication, some of these can also be secreted to affect other substances. Although metabolic analysis at the single-cell level remains challenging, studying the "methylosystem" (i.e., the intercellular and intracellular communications of upstream regulatory factors and/or downstream effectors that affect the epigenetic mechanism involving the transfer of a methyl group from SAM onto the specific positions of nucleotides or other metabolites in the tumor microenvironment) and tracking these metabolic products are important research tasks for understanding spatial heterogeneity. Here, we discuss and highlight the involvement of RNA and nicotinamide, recently emerged targets, in SAM-producing one-carbon metabolism in cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells. Their significance and implications will contribute to the discovery of efficient methods for the diagnosis of and therapeutic approaches to human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Tatekawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Ken Ofusa
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.O.); (R.C.)
- Food and Life-Science Laboratory, Prophoenix Division, Idea Consultants, Inc., Osaka 559-8519, Japan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.O.); (R.C.)
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Santo Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Keisuke Tamari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.O.); (R.C.)
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Loucif H, Dagenais-Lussier X, Avizonis D, Choinière L, Beji C, Cassin L, Routy JP, Fritz JH, Olagnier D, van Grevenynghe J. Autophagy-dependent glutaminolysis drives superior IL21 production in HIV-1-specific CD4 T cells. Autophagy 2021; 18:1256-1273. [PMID: 34612140 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1972403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a strong IL21 production in memory CD4 T cells, especially in HIV-1-specific cells, represents a major correlate of natural immune protection against the virus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying IL21 production during HIV-1 infection, which is only elevated among the naturally protected elite controllers (EC), are still unknown. We recently found out that lipophagy is a critical immune mediator that control an antiviral metabolic state following CD8A T cell receptor engagement, playing an important role in the natural control of HIV-1 infection. This led us to investigate whether the beneficial role of a strong macroautophagy/autophagy, could also be used to ensure effective IL21 production as well. Herein, we confirm that after both polyclonal and HIV-1-specific activation, memory CD4 T cells (Mem) from EC display enhanced activity of the autophagy-mediated proteolysis compared to ART. Our results indicate that the enhanced autophagy activity in EC was controlled by the energy-sensing PRKAA1 (protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1). We further confirmed the critical role of the autophagy-mediated proteolysis in the strong IL21 production in EC by using BECN1 gene silencing as well as protease, PRKAA1, and lysosomal inhibitors. Finally, we established that high autophagy-mediated proteolysis in EC fuels their cellular rates of mitochondrial respiration due to glutaminolysis. Our data confirm the critical role of autophagy in dictating the metabolic input, which is required not only to ensure protective cytotoxic CD8A T cell responses, but also to provide strong IL21 production among antiviral CD4 T cells.Abbreviations: AKG: alpha-ketoglutarate; ART: patients under antiretroviral therapy; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BaF: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; Chloro.: chloroquine; EC: elite controllers; EIF4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; FOXO3: forkhead box O3; GLS: glutaminase; GLUD1: glutamate dehydrogenase 1; HIVneg: HIV-1-uninfected control donors; IFNG/IFN-γ: interferon gamma; IL21: interleukin 21; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PRKAA1: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TCA: tricarboxylic acid cycle; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Loucif
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daina Avizonis
- Metabolomics Innovation Resource, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Choinière
- Metabolomics Innovation Resource, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cherifa Beji
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Léna Cassin
- Department of Biomedicine, Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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111
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Voss K, Hong HS, Bader JE, Sugiura A, Lyssiotis CA, Rathmell JC. A guide to interrogating immunometabolism. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:637-652. [PMID: 33859379 PMCID: PMC8478710 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic charts memorized in early biochemistry courses, and then later forgotten, have come back to haunt many immunologists with new recognition of the importance of these pathways. Metabolites and the activity of metabolic pathways drive energy production, macromolecule synthesis, intracellular signalling, post-translational modifications and cell survival. Immunologists who identify a metabolic phenotype in their system are often left wondering where to begin and what does it mean? Here, we provide a framework for navigating and selecting the appropriate biochemical techniques to explore immunometabolism. We offer recommendations for initial approaches to develop and test metabolic hypotheses and how to avoid common mistakes. We then discuss how to take things to the next level with metabolomic approaches, such as isotope tracing and genetic approaches. By proposing strategies and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of different methodologies, we aim to provide insight, note important considerations and discuss ways to avoid common misconceptions. Furthermore, we highlight recent studies demonstrating the power of these metabolic approaches to uncover the role of metabolism in immunology. By following the framework in this Review, neophytes and seasoned investigators alike can venture into the emerging realm of cellular metabolism and immunity with confidence and rigour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Voss
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jackie E Bader
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ayaka Sugiura
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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112
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Holthaus L, Sharma V, Brandt D, Ziegler AG, Jastroch M, Bonifacio E. Functional and metabolic fitness of human CD4 + T lymphocytes during metabolic stress. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/12/e202101013. [PMID: 34580176 PMCID: PMC8500231 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell activation, expansion, and effector function is grossly impaired in conditions that combine glucose deprivation and mild mitochondrial stress. Human CD4+ T cells are essential mediators of immune responses. By altering the mitochondrial and metabolic states, we defined metabolic requirements of human CD4+ T cells for in vitro activation, expansion, and effector function. T-cell activation and proliferation were reduced by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation, whereas early cytokine production was maintained by either OXPHOS or glycolytic activity. Glucose deprivation in the presence of mild mitochondrial stress markedly reduced all three T-cell functions, contrasting the exposure to resveratrol, an antioxidant and sirtuin-1 activator, which specifically inhibited cytokine production and T-cell proliferation, but not T-cell activation. Conditions that inhibited T-cell activation were associated with the down-regulation of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase genes via interferon response pathways. Our findings indicate that T-cell function is grossly impaired by stressors combined with nutrient deprivation, suggesting that correcting nutrient availability, metabolic stress, and/or the function of T cells in these conditions will improve the efficacy of T-cell–based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Holthaus
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Virag Sharma
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandt
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anette-Gabriele Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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113
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Harnessing Metabolic Reprogramming to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910268. [PMID: 34638609 PMCID: PMC8508898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune escape is one of the hallmarks of cancer. While metabolic reprogramming provides survival advantage to tumor cancer cells, accumulating data also suggest such metabolic rewiring directly affects the activation, differentiation and function of immune cells, particularly in the tumor microenvironment. Understanding how metabolic reprogramming affects both tumor and immune cells, as well as their interplay, is therefore critical to better modulate tumor immune microenvironment in the era of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss alterations in several essential metabolic pathways in both tumor and key immune cells, provide evidence on their dynamic interaction, and propose innovative strategies to improve cancer immunotherapy via the modulation of metabolic pathways.
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114
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Dong L, Cao Y, Hou Y, Liu G. N 6 -methyladenosine RNA methylation: A novel regulator of the development and function of immune cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:329-345. [PMID: 34515345 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) RNA methylation is a reversible posttranscriptional modification in eukaryotes involving three types of functional proteins: "writers", "erasers", and "readers". m6 A regulates the metabolism of messenger RNAs and noncoding RNAs through RNA structure, splicing, stability, export, and translation, thereby participating in various physiological and pathological processes. Here, we summarize the current state of m6 A methylation researches, focusing on how these modifications modulate the fate decisions of innate and adaptive immune cells and regulate immune responses in immune-associated diseases, including viral infections and cancer. These studies showed that m6 A modifications and m6 A modifying proteins play a critical role in pathogen recognition, immune cell activation, immune cell fate decisions, and immune reactions. m6 A is a novel regulator of immune system homeostasis and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yejin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueru Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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115
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Cervantes‐Silva MP, Cox SL, Curtis AM. Alterations in mitochondrial morphology as a key driver of immunity and host defence. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53086. [PMID: 34337844 PMCID: PMC8447557 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles whose architecture changes depending on the cell's energy requirements and other signalling events. These structural changes are collectively known as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics are crucial for cellular functions such as differentiation, energy production and cell death. Importantly, it has become clear in recent years that mitochondrial dynamics are a critical control point for immune cell function. Mitochondrial remodelling allows quiescent immune cells to rapidly change their metabolism and become activated, producing mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines and even metabolites to execute an effective immune response. The importance of mitochondrial dynamics in immunity is evident, as numerous pathogens have evolved mechanisms to manipulate host cell mitochondrial remodelling in order to promote their own survival. In this review, we comprehensively address the roles of mitochondrial dynamics in immune cell function, along with modulation of host cell mitochondrial morphology during viral and bacterial infections to facilitate either pathogen survival or host immunity. We also speculate on what the future may hold in terms of therapies targeting mitochondrial morphology for bacterial and viral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Cervantes‐Silva
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research GroupRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Shannon L Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research GroupRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Annie M Curtis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research GroupRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
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116
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Jurgens AP, Popović B, Wolkers MC. T cells at work: How post-transcriptional mechanisms control T cell homeostasis and activation. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2178-2187. [PMID: 34180545 PMCID: PMC8457102 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T cells are central players of the adaptive immune system by protecting us from recurring infections and by killing malignant cells. Protective T cell responses rely on the concerted production of effector molecules such as cytolytic mediators, granzymes, and perforins, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Once activated, T cells drastically change their gene expression and rapidly respond to insults by producing ample amounts of effector molecules. In the absence of antigen, T cells remain in a quiescent state and survey our body for possible pathogenic insults. Resting T cells are, however, not inert, but continuously regulate their protein production to survive and to be prepared for possible re-infections. Here, we review our current knowledge on the regulation of gene expression in activated and quiescent T cells. We specifically focus on post-transcriptional mechanisms that define the protein output and that allow dormant cells to undergo active signaling and selective translation, keeping them poised for activation. Finally, we discuss which signals drive T cell survival and their preparedness to respond to insults and which mechanisms are involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk P. Jurgens
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchLandsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamOncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Branka Popović
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchLandsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamOncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Monika C. Wolkers
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchLandsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamOncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
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117
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Johnson CH, Golla JP, Dioletis E, Singh S, Ishii M, Charkoftaki G, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol-Induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4404. [PMID: 34503214 PMCID: PMC8431530 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) is complex. Approximately, 10% of individuals with CRC have predisposing germline mutations that lead to familial cancer syndromes, whereas most CRC patients have sporadic cancer resulting from a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. It has become increasingly clear that chronic alcohol consumption is associated with the development of sporadic CRC; however, the exact mechanisms by which alcohol contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis are largely unknown. Several proposed mechanisms from studies in CRC models suggest that alcohol metabolites and/or enzymes associated with alcohol metabolism alter cellular redox balance, cause DNA damage, and epigenetic dysregulation. In addition, alcohol metabolites can cause a dysbiotic colorectal microbiome and intestinal permeability, resulting in bacterial translocation, inflammation, and immunosuppression. All of these effects can increase the risk of developing CRC. This review aims to outline some of the most significant and recent findings on the mechanisms of alcohol in colorectal carcinogenesis. We examine the effect of alcohol on the generation of reactive oxygen species, the development of genotoxic stress, modulation of one-carbon metabolism, disruption of the microbiome, and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H. Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Evangelos Dioletis
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Momoko Ishii
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
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118
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Maresca A, Del Dotto V, Capristo M, Scimonelli E, Tagliavini F, Morandi L, Tropeano CV, Caporali L, Mohamed S, Roberti M, Scandiffio L, Zaffagnini M, Rossi J, Cappelletti M, Musiani F, Contin M, Riva R, Liguori R, Pizza F, La Morgia C, Antelmi E, Loguercio Polosa P, Mignot E, Zanna C, Plazzi G, Carelli V. DNMT1 mutations leading to neurodegeneration paradoxically reflect on mitochondrial metabolism. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1864-1881. [PMID: 31984424 PMCID: PMC7372549 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ADCA-DN and HSN-IE are rare neurodegenerative syndromes caused by dominant mutations in the replication foci targeting sequence (RFTS) of the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) gene. Both phenotypes resemble mitochondrial disorders, and mitochondrial dysfunction was first observed in ADCA-DN. To explore mitochondrial involvement, we studied the effects of DNMT1 mutations in fibroblasts from four ADCA-DN and two HSN-IE patients. We documented impaired activity of purified DNMT1 mutant proteins, which in fibroblasts results in increased DNMT1 amount. We demonstrated that DNMT1 is not localized within mitochondria, but it is associated with the mitochondrial outer membrane. Concordantly, mitochondrial DNA failed to show meaningful CpG methylation. Strikingly, we found activated mitobiogenesis and OXPHOS with significant increase of H2O2, sharply contrasting with a reduced ATP content. Metabolomics profiling of mutant cells highlighted purine, arginine/urea cycle and glutamate metabolisms as the most consistently altered pathways, similar to primary mitochondrial diseases. The most severe mutations showed activation of energy shortage AMPK-dependent sensing, leading to mTORC1 inhibition. We propose that DNMT1 RFTS mutations deregulate metabolism lowering ATP levels, as a result of increased purine catabolism and urea cycle pathways. This is associated with a paradoxical mitochondrial hyper-function and increased oxidative stress, possibly resulting in neurodegeneration in non-dividing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Maresca
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Valentina Del Dotto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Capristo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scimonelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Francesca Tagliavini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Caporali
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Susan Mohamed
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Marina Roberti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Letizia Scandiffio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Jacopo Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Manuela Contin
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna 40139, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Roberto Riva
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna 40139, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Rocco Liguori
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna 40139, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Fabio Pizza
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna 40139, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna 40139, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Elena Antelmi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Paola Loguercio Polosa
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Claudia Zanna
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna 40139, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna 40139, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
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119
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Targeting serine hydroxymethyltransferases 1 and 2 for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy. Leukemia 2021; 36:348-360. [PMID: 34341479 PMCID: PMC8807390 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), T-cell ALL (T-ALL) has limited treatment options, particularly in the setting of relapsed/refractory disease. Using an unbiased genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen we sought to identify pathway dependencies for T-ALL which could be harnessed for therapy development. Disruption of the one-carbon folate, purine and pyrimidine pathways scored as the top metabolic pathways required for T-ALL proliferation. We used a recently developed inhibitor of SHMT1 and SHMT2, RZ-2994, to characterize the effect of inhibiting these enzymes of the one-carbon folate pathway in T-ALL and found that T-ALL cell lines were differentially sensitive to RZ-2994, with the drug inducing a S/G2 cell cycle arrest. The effects of SHMT1/2 inhibition were rescued by formate supplementation. Loss of both SHMT1 and SHMT2 was necessary for impaired growth and cell cycle arrest, with suppression of both SHMT1 and SHMT2 inhibiting leukemia progression in vivo. RZ-2994 also decreased leukemia burden in vivo and remained effective in the setting of methotrexate resistance in vitro. This study highlights the significance of the one-carbon folate pathway in T-ALL and supports further development of SHMT inhibitors for treatment of T-ALL and other cancers.
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Huang LJ, Mao XT, Li YY, Liu DD, Fan KQ, Liu RB, Wu TT, Wang HL, Zhang Y, Yang B, Ye CQ, Zhong JY, Chai RJ, Cao Q, Jin J. Multiomics analyses reveal a critical role of selenium in controlling T cell differentiation in Crohn's disease. Immunity 2021; 54:1728-1744.e7. [PMID: 34343498 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mainly includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Immune disorders play an essential role in the pathogenesis of these two IBDs, but the differences in the immune microenvironment of the colon and their underlying mechanisms remain poorly investigated. Here we examined the immunological features and metabolic microenvironment of untreated individuals with IBD by multiomics analyses. Modulation of CD-specific metabolites, particularly reduced selenium, can obviously shape type 1 T helper (Th1) cell differentiation, which is specifically enriched in CD. Selenium supplementation suppressed the symptoms and onset of CD and Th1 cell differentiation via selenoprotein W (SELW)-mediated cellular reactive oxygen species scavenging. SELW promoted purine salvage pathways and inhibited one-carbon metabolism by recruiting an E3 ubiquitin ligase, tripartite motif-containing protein 21, which controlled the stability of serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2. Our work highlights selenium as an essential regulator of T cell responses and potential therapeutic targets in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xin-Tao Mao
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ke-Qi Fan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rong-Bei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Hao-Li Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Bing Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cun-Qi Ye
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiang-Yan Zhong
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ren-Jie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Rodriguez-Coira J, Villaseñor A, Izquierdo E, Huang M, Barker-Tejeda TC, Radzikowska U, Sokolowska M, Barber D. The Importance of Metabolism for Immune Homeostasis in Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692004. [PMID: 34394086 PMCID: PMC8355700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the metabolic status of T cells and macrophages is associated with severe phenotypes of chronic inflammation, including allergic inflammation. Metabolic changes in immune cells have a crucial role in their inflammatory or regulatory responses. This notion is reinforced by metabolic diseases influencing global energy metabolism, such as diabetes or obesity, which are known risk factors of severity in inflammatory conditions, due to the metabolic-associated inflammation present in these patients. Since several metabolic pathways are closely tied to T cell and macrophage differentiation, a better understanding of metabolic alterations in immune disorders could help to restore and modulate immune cell functions. This link between energy metabolism and inflammation can be studied employing animal, human or cellular models. Analytical approaches rank from classic immunological studies to integrated analysis of metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. This review summarizes the main metabolic pathways of the cells involved in the allergic reaction with a focus on T cells and macrophages and describes different models and platforms of analysis used to study the immune system and its relationship with metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodriguez-Coira
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mengting Huang
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Tomás Clive Barker-Tejeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Domingo Barber
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla Del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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Mayer KA, Smole U, Zhu C, Derdak S, Minervina AA, Salnikova M, Witzeneder N, Christamentl A, Boucheron N, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Trauner M, Hoermann G, Schmetterer KG, Mamedov IZ, Bilban M, Ellmeier W, Pickl WF, Gualdoni GA, Zlabinger GJ. The energy sensor AMPK orchestrates metabolic and translational adaptation in expanding T helper cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21217. [PMID: 33715236 PMCID: PMC8252394 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001763rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of cellular metabolic adaptation in inducing robust T cell responses is well established. However, the mechanism by which T cells link information regarding nutrient supply to clonal expansion and effector function is still enigmatic. Herein, we report that the metabolic sensor adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical link between cellular energy demand and translational activity and, thus, orchestrates optimal expansion of T cells in vivo. AMPK deficiency did not affect T cell fate decision, activation, or T effector cell generation; however, the magnitude of T cell responses in murine in vivo models of T cell activation was markedly reduced. This impairment was global, as all T helper cell subsets were similarly sensitive to loss of AMPK which resulted in reduced T cell accumulation in peripheral organs and reduced disease severity in pathophysiologically as diverse models as T cell transfer colitis and allergic airway inflammation. T cell receptor repertoire analysis confirmed similar clonotype frequencies in different lymphoid organs, thereby supporting the concept of a quantitative impairment in clonal expansion rather than a skewed qualitative immune response. In line with these findings, in-depth metabolic analysis revealed a decrease in T cell oxidative metabolism, and gene set enrichment analysis indicated a major reduction in ribosomal biogenesis and mRNA translation in AMPK-deficient T cells. We, thus, provide evidence that through its interference with these delicate processes, AMPK orchestrates the quantitative, but not the qualitative, manifestation of primary T cell responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A Mayer
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Smole
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ci Zhu
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Derdak
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasia A Minervina
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Salnikova
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadine Witzeneder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Christamentl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Boucheron
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Waidhofer-Söllner
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus G Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilgar Z Mamedov
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bilban
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido A Gualdoni
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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123
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Nelson MAM, Fisher-Wellman KH. Mitochondrial Diagnostics: A Discovery-Based Biochemical Platform for Phenotyping Human Peripheral Blood Cell Mitochondria. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2277:371-389. [PMID: 34080163 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1270-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro experiments using permeabilized cells and/or isolated mitochondria represent a powerful biochemical tool for elucidating the role of the mitochondrion in driving disease. Such analyses have routinely been utilized across multiple scientific fields to shed valuable insight on mitochondrial-linked pathologies. The present chapter is intended to serve as a methodological blueprint for comprehensively phenotyping peripheral blood cell mitochondria. While primarily adapted for peripheral blood cells, the protocols outlined herein could easily be made amenable to most all cell types with minimal modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A M Nelson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. .,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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124
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Jin P, Li J, Meng Y, Wu L, Bai M, Yu J, Meng X. PET/CT metabolic patterns in systemic immune activation: A new perspective on the assessment of immunotherapy response and efficacy. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:91-99. [PMID: 34237407 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in immunotherapy, extensive challenges remain in its clinical application. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is widely used in the diagnosis and follow-up of malignant tumors and in the prediction of treatment outcomes. Successful cancer immunotherapy requires systemic immune activation. In addition to local immune responses, a systemic antitumor response involving primary and secondary lymphoid organs is required for tumor eradication. Immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) are considered to be a manifestation of excessive immune activation. PET/CT can monitor the metabolic changes in peripheral lymphoid organs and related organs. Thus, it can identify patients with effective immune activation and predict the efficacy and outcomes of immunotherapy. This review aimed to investigate the theoretical basis and feasibility of applying PET/CT for monitoring the immune activation status of peripheral lymphoid organs after immunotherapy and predict its effectiveness. Towards this goal, we reviewed the cellular components and structural composition of peripheral lymphoid organs, as well as their functions in the systemic immune response. We analyzed the theoretical basis and feasibility of applying PET/CT to monitor the immune activation status of peripheral lymphoid organs after immunotherapy to predict the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingtao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leilei Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Menglin Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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125
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Braun MY. The Natural History of T Cell Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136779. [PMID: 34202553 PMCID: PMC8269353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cells of the immune system, particularly the T lymphocytes, have two main features that distinguish them from the cells of other tissues. They proliferate after activation and have the ability to move in tissues and organs. These characteristics compel them to develop metabolic plasticity in order to fulfil their immune function. This review focuses on the different known mechanisms that allow T cells to adapt their metabolism to the real-life circumstances they operate in, whether it is to exit quiescence, to differentiate into effector cells, or to participate in immune memory formation. Some of the metabolic adaptations to environmental variations that T cells are likely to undergo in their immune monitoring function are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Y Braun
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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126
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O'Sullivan D, Stanczak MA, Villa M, Uhl FM, Corrado M, Klein Geltink RI, Sanin DE, Apostolova P, Rana N, Edwards-Hicks J, Grzes KM, Kabat AM, Kyle RL, Fabri M, Curtis JD, Buck MD, Patterson AE, Regina A, Field CS, Baixauli F, Puleston DJ, Pearce EJ, Zeiser R, Pearce EL. Fever supports CD8 + effector T cell responses by promoting mitochondrial translation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023752118. [PMID: 34161266 PMCID: PMC8237659 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023752118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fever can provide a survival advantage during infection. Metabolic processes are sensitive to environmental conditions, but the effect of fever on T cell metabolism is not well characterized. We show that in activated CD8+ T cells, exposure to febrile temperature (39 °C) augmented metabolic activity and T cell effector functions, despite having a limited effect on proliferation or activation marker expression. Transcriptional profiling revealed an up-regulation of mitochondrial pathways, which was consistent with increased mass and metabolism observed in T cells exposed to 39 °C. Through in vitro and in vivo models, we determined that mitochondrial translation is integral to the enhanced metabolic activity and function of CD8+ T cells exposed to febrile temperature. Transiently exposing donor lymphocytes to 39 °C prior to infusion in a myeloid leukemia mouse model conferred enhanced therapeutic efficacy, raising the possibility that exposure of T cells to febrile temperatures could have clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O'Sullivan
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Michal A Stanczak
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Matteo Villa
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Franziska M Uhl
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ramon I Klein Geltink
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - David E Sanin
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Petya Apostolova
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Nisha Rana
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grzes
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Agnieszka M Kabat
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ryan L Kyle
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mario Fabri
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Michael D Buck
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Annette E Patterson
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Annamaria Regina
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cameron S Field
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel J Puleston
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany;
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127
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Critical role of the CD44 lowCD62L low CD8 + T cell subset in restoring antitumor immunity in aged mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103730118. [PMID: 34088845 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103730118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a central role in antitumor immune responses that kill cancer cells directly. In aged individuals, CD8+ T cell immunity is strongly suppressed, which is associated with cancer and other age-related diseases. The mechanism underlying this age-related decrease in immune function remains largely unknown. This study investigated the role of T cell function in age-related unresponsiveness to PD-1 blockade cancer therapy. We found inefficient generation of CD44lowCD62Llow CD8+ T cell subset (P4) in draining lymph nodes of tumor-bearing aged mice. In vitro stimulation of naive CD8+ T cells first generated P4 cells, followed by effector/memory T cells. The P4 cells contained a unique set of genes related to enzymes involved in one-carbon (1C) metabolism, which is critical to antigen-specific T cell activation and mitochondrial function. Consistent with this finding, 1C-metabolism-related gene expression and mitochondrial respiration were down-regulated in aged CD8+ T cells compared with young CD8+ T cells. In aged OVA-specific T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice, ZAP-70 was not activated, even after inoculation with OVA-expressing tumor cells. The attenuation of TCR signaling appeared to be due to elevated expression of CD45RB phosphatase in aged CD8+ T cells. Surprisingly, strong stimulation by nonself cell injection into aged PD-1-deficient mice restored normal levels of CD45RB and ameliorated the emergence of P4 cells and 1C metabolic enzyme expression in CD8+ T cells, and antitumor activity. These findings indicate that impaired induction of the P4 subset may be responsible for the age-related resistance to PD-1 blockade, which can be rescued by strong TCR stimulation.
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128
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Chen J, Na R, Xiao C, Wang X, Wang Y, Yan D, Song G, Liu X, Chen J, Lu H, Chen C, Tang H, Zhuang G, Fan G, Peng Z. The loss of SHMT2 mediates 5-fluorouracil chemoresistance in colorectal cancer by upregulating autophagy. Oncogene 2021; 40:3974-3988. [PMID: 33990700 PMCID: PMC8195740 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) but is hampered by chemoresistance. Despite its impact on patient survival, the mechanism underlying chemoresistance against 5-FU remains poorly understood. Here, we identified serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) as a critical regulator of 5-FU chemoresistance in CRC. SHMT2 inhibits autophagy by binding cytosolic p53 instead of metabolism. SHMT2 prevents cytosolic p53 degradation by inhibiting the binding of p53 and HDM2. Under 5-FU treatment, SHMT2 depletion promotes autophagy and inhibits apoptosis. Autophagy inhibitors decrease low SHMT2-induced 5-FU resistance in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the lethality of 5-FU treatment to CRC cells was enhanced by treatment with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in patient-derived and CRC cell xenograft models. Taken together, our findings indicate that autophagy induced by low SHMT2 levels mediates 5-FU resistance in CRC. These results reveal the SHMT2-p53 interaction as a novel therapeutic target and provide a potential opportunity to reduce chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Risi Na
- Department of General Surgery, Xiang An Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Hua Shan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhong Shan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongwang Yan
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohe Song
- Department of General Surgery, Zhong Shan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueni Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiang An Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Guohong Zhuang
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Guangjian Fan
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiang An Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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129
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Raynor JL, Chapman NM, Chi H. Metabolic Control of Memory T-Cell Generation and Stemness. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a037770. [PMID: 33820774 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The formation of long-lived memory T cells is a critical feature of the adaptive immune response. T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to establish a functional memory population. While initial studies characterized key metabolic pathways necessary for memory T-cell development, recent findings highlight that metabolic regulation of memory T-cell subsets is diverse. Here we describe the different requirements for metabolic programs and metabolism-related signaling pathways in memory T-cell development. We further discuss the contribution of cellular metabolism to memory T-cell functional reprogramming and stemness within acute and chronic inflammatory environments. Last, we highlight knowledge gaps and propose approaches to determine the roles of metabolites and metabolic enzymes in memory T-cell fate. Understanding how cellular metabolism regulates a functionally diverse memory population will undoubtedly provide new therapeutic insights to modulate protective T-cell immunity in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Raynor
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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130
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Combinatory strategy using nanoscale proteomics and machine learning for T cell subtyping in peripheral blood of single multiple myeloma patients. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1173:338672. [PMID: 34172147 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
T cells play crucial roles in our immunity against hematological tumors by inducing sustained immune responses. Flow cytometry-based detection of a limited number of specific protein markers has been routinely applied for basic research and clinical investigation in this area. In this study, we combined flow cytometry with the simple integrated spintip-based proteomics technology (SISPROT) to characterize the proteome of primary T cell subtypes in the peripheral blood (PB) from single multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Taking advantage of the integrated high pH reversed-phase fractionation in the SISPROT device, the global proteomes of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were firstly profiled with a depth of >7 000 protein groups for each cell type. The sensitivity of single-shot proteomic analysis was dramatically improved by optimizing the SISPROT and data-dependent acquisition parameters for nanogram-level samples. Eight subtypes of T cells were sorted from about 4 mL PB of single MM patients, and the individual subtype-specific proteomes with coverage among 1 702 and 3 699 protein groups were obtained from as low as 70 ng and up to 500 ng of cell lysates. In addition, we developed a two-step machine learning-based subtyping strategy for proof-of-concept classifying eight T cell subtypes, independent of their cell numbers and individual differences. Our strategy demonstrates an easy-to-use proteomic analysis on immune cells with the potential to discover novel subtype-specific protein biomarkers from limited clinical samples in future large scale clinical studies.
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131
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Kurita K, Ohta H, Shirakawa I, Tanaka M, Kitaura Y, Iwasaki Y, Matsuzaka T, Shimano H, Aoe S, Arima H, Ogawa Y, Ito A, Suganami T. Macrophages rely on extracellular serine to suppress aberrant cytokine production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11137. [PMID: 34045514 PMCID: PMC8160356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90086-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that cellular metabolism is involved in immune cell functions, including cytokine production. Serine is a nutritionally non-essential amino acid that can be generated by de novo synthesis and conversion from glycine. Serine contributes to various cellular responses, but the role in inflammatory responses remains poorly understood. Here, we show that macrophages rely on extracellular serine to suppress aberrant cytokine production. Depleting serine from the culture media reduced the cellular serine content in macrophages markedly, suggesting that macrophages depend largely on extracellular serine rather than cellular synthesis. Under serine deprivation, macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide showed aberrant cytokine expression patterns, including a marked reduction of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 expression and sustained expression of interleukine-6. Transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses revealed that serine deprivation causes mitochondrial dysfunction: reduction in the pyruvate content, the NADH/NAD+ ratio, the oxygen consumption rate, and the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also found the role of mitochondrial ROS in appropriate cytokine production. Thus, our results indicate that cytokine production in macrophages is tightly regulated by the nutritional microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Kurita
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroya Ohta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ibuki Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miyako Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kitaura
- Laboratory Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yorihiro Iwasaki
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- Department of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. .,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. .,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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132
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Almeida L, Dhillon-LaBrooy A, Carriche G, Berod L, Sparwasser T. CD4 + T-cell differentiation and function: Unifying glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, polyamines NAD mitochondria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:16-32. [PMID: 33966898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The progression through different steps of T-cell development, activation, and effector function is tightly bound to specific cellular metabolic processes. Previous studies established that T-effector cells have a metabolic bias toward aerobic glycolysis, whereas naive and regulatory T cells mainly rely on oxidative phosphorylation. More recently, the field of immunometabolism has drifted away from the notion that mitochondrial metabolism holds little importance in T-cell activation and function. Of note, T cells possess metabolic promiscuity, which allows them to adapt their nutritional requirements according to the tissue environment. Altogether, the integration of these metabolic pathways culminates in the generation of not only energy but also intermediates, which can regulate epigenetic programs, leading to changes in T-cell fate. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on how glycolysis, amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid oxidation work together with the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the mitochondrion. We also emphasize the importance of the electron transport chain for T-cell immunity. We also discuss novel findings highlighting the role of key enzymes, accessory pathways, and posttranslational protein modifications that distinctively regulate T-cell function and might represent prominent candidates for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Almeida
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ayesha Dhillon-LaBrooy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany
| | - Guilhermina Carriche
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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133
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Shen L, Hu P, Zhang Y, Ji Z, Shan X, Ni L, Ning N, Wang J, Tian H, Shui G, Yuan Y, Li G, Zheng H, Yang XP, Huang D, Feng X, Li MJ, Liu Z, Wang T, Yu Q. Serine metabolism antagonizes antiviral innate immunity by preventing ATP6V0d2-mediated YAP lysosomal degradation. Cell Metab 2021; 33:971-987.e6. [PMID: 33798471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Serine metabolism promotes tumor oncogenesis and regulates immune cell functions, but whether it also contributes to antiviral innate immunity is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that virus-infected macrophages display decreased expression of serine synthesis pathway (SSP) enzymes. Suppressing the SSP key enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) by genetic approaches or by treatment with the pharmaceutical inhibitor CBR-5884 and by exogenous serine restriction enhanced IFN-β-mediated antiviral innate immunity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic experiments showed that virus infection or serine metabolism deficiency increased the expression of the V-ATPase subunit ATP6V0d2 by inhibiting S-adenosyl methionine-dependent H3K27me3 occupancy at the promoter. ATP6V0d2 promoted YAP lysosomal degradation to relieve YAP-mediated blockade of the TBK1-IRF3 axis and, thus, enhance IFN-β production. These findings implicate critical functions of PHGDH and the key immunometabolite serine in blunting antiviral innate immunity and also suggest manipulation of serine metabolism as a therapeutic strategy against virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shen
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Penghui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zemin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lina Ni
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Na Ning
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - He Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yukang Yuan
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Mulin Jun Li
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Qiujing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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134
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Ariav Y, Ch'ng JH, Christofk HR, Ron-Harel N, Erez A. Targeting nucleotide metabolism as the nexus of viral infections, cancer, and the immune response. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6165. [PMID: 34138729 PMCID: PMC8133749 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Virus-infected cells and cancers share metabolic commonalities that stem from their insatiable need to replicate while evading the host immune system. These similarities include hijacking signaling mechanisms that induce metabolic rewiring in the host to up-regulate nucleotide metabolism and, in parallel, suppress the immune response. In both cancer and viral infections, the host immune cells and, specifically, lymphocytes augment nucleotide synthesis to support their own proliferation and effector functions. Consequently, established treatment modalities targeting nucleotide metabolism against cancers and virally infected cells may result in restricted immune response. Encouragingly, following the introduction of immunotherapy against cancers, multiple studies improved our understanding for improving antigen presentation to the immune system. We propose here that understanding the immune consequences of targeting nucleotide metabolism against cancers may be harnessed to optimize therapy against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarden Ariav
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - James H Ch'ng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noga Ron-Harel
- Department of Biology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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135
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Taylor HE, Calantone N, Lichon D, Hudson H, Clerc I, Campbell EM, D'Aquila RT. mTOR Overcomes Multiple Metabolic Restrictions to Enable HIV-1 Reverse Transcription and Intracellular Transport. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107810. [PMID: 32579936 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism governs the susceptibility of CD4 T cells to HIV-1 infection. Multiple early post-fusion steps of HIV-1 replication are restricted in resting peripheral blood CD4 T cells; however, molecular mechanisms that underlie metabolic control of these steps remain undefined. Here, we show that mTOR activity following T cell stimulatory signals overcomes metabolic restrictions in these cells by enabling the expansion of dNTPs to fuel HIV-1 reverse transcription (RT), as well as increasing acetyl-CoA to stabilize microtubules that transport RT products. We find that catalytic mTOR inhibition diminishes the expansion of pools of both of these metabolites by limiting glucose and glutamine utilization in several pathways, thereby suppressing HIV-1 infection. We demonstrate how mTOR-coordinated biosyntheses enable the early steps of HIV-1 replication, add metabolic mechanisms by which mTOR inhibitors block HIV-1, and identify some metabolic modules downstream of mTOR as druggable targets for HIV-1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry E Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Nina Calantone
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Translational Research Center, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Drew Lichon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Hannah Hudson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Translational Research Center, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Isabelle Clerc
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Translational Research Center, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Edward M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Richard T D'Aquila
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Translational Research Center, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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136
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Abstract
Recent evidence supports the notion that mitochondrial metabolism is necessary for T cell activation, proliferation, and function. Mitochondrial metabolism supports T cell anabolism by providing key metabolites for macromolecule synthesis and generating metabolites for T cell function. In this review, we focus on how mitochondrial metabolism controls conventional and regulatory T cell fates and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Steinert
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
| | - Karthik Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;
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137
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Schneider JL, Rowe JH, Garcia-de-Alba C, Kim CF, Sharpe AH, Haigis MC. The aging lung: Physiology, disease, and immunity. Cell 2021; 184:1990-2019. [PMID: 33811810 PMCID: PMC8052295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The population is aging at a rate never seen before in human history. As the number of elderly adults grows, it is imperative we expand our understanding of the underpinnings of aging biology. Human lungs are composed of a unique panoply of cell types that face ongoing chemical, mechanical, biological, immunological, and xenobiotic stress over a lifetime. Yet, we do not fully appreciate the mechanistic drivers of lung aging and why age increases the risk of parenchymal lung disease, fatal respiratory infection, and primary lung cancer. Here, we review the molecular and cellular aspects of lung aging, local stress response pathways, and how the aging process predisposes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. We place these insights into context of the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss how innate and adaptive immunity within the lung is altered with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L Schneider
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jared H Rowe
- Division of Hematology Boston Children's Hospital and Division of Pediatric Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carolina Garcia-de-Alba
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Disease, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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138
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Seo H, Johnson GA, Bazer FW, Wu G, McLendon BA, Kramer AC. Cell-Specific Expression of Enzymes for Serine Biosynthesis and Glutaminolysis in Farm Animals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1285:17-28. [PMID: 33770400 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During the peri-implantation period, conceptuses [embryo and placental membranes, particularly the trophectoderm (Tr)] of farm animals (e.g., sheep and pigs) rapidly elongate from spherical to tubular to filamentous forms. In concert with Tr outgrowth during conceptus elongation, the Tr of sheep and pig conceptuses attaches to the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) to initiate placentation. In sheep, binucleate cells (BNCs) begin to differentiate from the mononuclear trophectoderm cells and migrate to the endometrial LE to form syncytial plaques. These events require Tr cells to expend significant amounts of energy to undergo timely and extensive proliferation, migration and fusion. It is likely essential that conceptuses optimally utilize multiple biosynthetic pathways to convert molecules such as glucose, fructose, and glutamine (components of histotroph transport by sheep and pig endometria into the uterine lumen), into ATP, amino acids, ribose, hexosamines and nucleotides required to support early conceptus development and survival. Elongating and proliferating conceptus Tr cells potentially act, in a manner similar to cancer cells, to direct carbon generated from glucose and fructose away from the TCA cycle for utilization in branching pathways of glycolysis, including the pentose phosphate pathway, one-carbon metabolism, and hexosamine biosynthesis. The result is a limited availability of pyruvate for maintaining the TCA cycle within mitochondria, and Tr cells replenish TCA cycle metabolites via a process known as anaplerosis, primarily through glutaminolysis to convert glutamine into TCA cycle intermediates. Here we describe the cell-specific expression of enzymes required for serine biosynthesis, one-carbon metabolism and glutaminolysis at the uterine-placental interface of sheep and pigs, and propose that these biosynthetic pathways are essential to support early placental development including Tr elongation, cell migration, cell fusion and implantation by ovine and porcine conceptuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bryan A McLendon
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Avery C Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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139
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Rad S. M. AH, Halpin JC, Mollaei M, Smith Bell SWJ, Hirankarn N, McLellan AD. Metabolic and Mitochondrial Functioning in Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1229. [PMID: 33799768 PMCID: PMC8002030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized adoptive cell therapy with impressive therapeutic outcomes of >80% complete remission (CR) rates in some haematological malignancies. Despite this, CAR T cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumours has invariably been unsuccessful in the clinic. Immunosuppressive factors and metabolic stresses in the tumour microenvironment (TME) result in the dysfunction and exhaustion of CAR T cells. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the importance of the mitochondrial and metabolic state of CAR T cells prior to infusion into patients. The different T cell subtypes utilise distinct metabolic pathways to fulfil their energy demands associated with their function. The reprogramming of CAR T cell metabolism is a viable approach to manufacture CAR T cells with superior antitumour functions and increased longevity, whilst also facilitating their adaptation to the nutrient restricted TME. This review discusses the mitochondrial and metabolic state of T cells, and describes the potential of the latest metabolic interventions to maximise CAR T cell efficacy for solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hosseini Rad S. M.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand; (J.C.H.); (S.W.J.S.B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Joshua Colin Halpin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand; (J.C.H.); (S.W.J.S.B.)
| | - Mojtaba Mollaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran;
| | - Samuel W. J. Smith Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand; (J.C.H.); (S.W.J.S.B.)
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Alexander D. McLellan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, Otago, New Zealand; (J.C.H.); (S.W.J.S.B.)
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140
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Linking Serine/Glycine Metabolism to Radiotherapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061191. [PMID: 33801846 PMCID: PMC8002185 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hyperactivation of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis across different cancer types and its critical contribution in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance indicate the relevance of serine/glycine metabolism-targeted therapies as therapeutic intervention in cancer. In this review, we specifically focus on the contribution of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway to radioresistance. We provide a future perspective on how de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis inhibition and serine-free diets may improve the outcome of radiotherapy. Future research in this field is needed to better understand serine/glycine metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to radiation and the influence of this pathway in the tumor microenvironment, which may provide the rationale for the optimal combination therapies. Abstract The activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in a subset of tumors has been described as a major contributor to tumor pathogenesis, poor outcome, and treatment resistance. Amplifications and mutations of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis enzymes can trigger pathway activation; however, a large group of cancers displays serine/glycine pathway overexpression induced by oncogenic drivers and unknown regulatory mechanisms. A better understanding of the regulatory network of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis activation in cancer might be essential to unveil opportunities to target tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. In the current review, we describe how the activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in cancer is linked to treatment resistance and its implications in the clinic. To our knowledge, only a few studies have identified this pathway as metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to radiation therapy. We propose an important contribution of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway activation to radioresistance by being involved in cancer cell viability and proliferation, maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and redox homeostasis under hypoxia and nutrient-deprived conditions. Current approaches for inhibition of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention, which in combination with radiotherapy might be a promising strategy for tumor control and ultimately eradication. Further research is needed to gain molecular and mechanistic insight into the activation of this pathway in response to radiation therapy and to design sophisticated stratification methods to select patients that might benefit from serine/glycine metabolism-targeted therapies in combination with radiotherapy.
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141
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Shin B, Benavides GA, Geng J, Koralov SB, Hu H, Darley-Usmar VM, Harrington LE. Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Regulates the Fate Decision between Pathogenic Th17 and Regulatory T Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1898-1909.e4. [PMID: 32049019 PMCID: PMC9059282 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding metabolic pathways that regulate Th17 development is important to broaden therapeutic options for Th17-mediated autoimmunity. Here, we report a pivotal role of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for lineage specification toward pathogenic Th17 differentiation. Th17 cells rapidly increase mitochondrial respiration during development, and this is necessary for metabolic reprogramming following T cell activation. Surprisingly, specific inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase ablates Th17 pathogenicity in a mouse model of autoimmunity by preventing Th17 pathogenic signature gene expression. Notably, cells activated under OXPHOS-inhibited Th17 conditions preferentially express Foxp3, rather than Th17 genes, and become suppressive Treg cells. Mechanistically, OXPHOS promotes the Th17 pioneer transcription factor, BATF, and facilitates T cell receptor (TCR) and mTOR signaling. Correspondingly, overexpression of BATF rescues Th17 development when ATP synthase activity is restricted. Together, our data reveal a regulatory role of mitochondrial OXPHOS in dictating the fate decision between Th17 and Treg cells by supporting early molecular events necessary for Th17 commitment. Shin et al. report that ATP-linked mitochondrial respiration controls the Th17 and Treg cell fate decision by supporting TCR signaling and Th17-associated molecular events. Inhibition of mitochondrial OXPHOS ablates Th17 pathogenicity in a mouse model of MS and results in generation of functionally suppressive Treg cells under Th17 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Shin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jianlin Geng
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Laurie E Harrington
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Roy DG, Kaymak I, Williams KS, Ma EH, Jones RG. Immunometabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in immunotherapy have underscored the importance of antitumor immune responses in controlling cancer. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes several obstacles to the proper function of immune cells, including a metabolically challenging and immunosuppressive microenvironment. The increased metabolic activity of tumor cells can lead to the depletion of key nutrients required by immune cells and the accumulation of byproducts that hamper antitumor immunity. Furthermore, the presence of suppressive immune cells, such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and the expression of immune inhibitory receptors can negatively impact immune cell metabolism and function. This review summarizes the metabolic reprogramming that is characteristic of various immune cell subsets, discusses how the metabolism and function of immune cells are shaped by the TME, and highlights how therapeutic interventions aimed at improving the metabolic fitness of immune cells and alleviating the metabolic constraints in the TME can boost antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic G. Roy
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Irem Kaymak
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Kelsey S. Williams
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Eric H. Ma
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Russell G. Jones
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
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Chang-Chien J, Huang HY, Tsai HJ, Lo CJ, Lin WC, Tseng YL, Wang SL, Ho HY, Cheng ML, Yao TC. Metabolomic differences of exhaled breath condensate among children with and without asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:264-272. [PMID: 32920883 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remains an unmet need in objective tests for diagnosing asthma in children. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of metabolomic profiles of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) to discriminate stable asthma in Asian children in the community. METHODS One hundred and sixty-five Asian children (92 stable asthma and 73 non-asthmatic controls) participating in a population-based cohort were enrolled and divided into training and validation sets. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic profiles of EBC samples were analyzed by using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. RESULTS EBC metabolomic signature (lactate, formate, butyrate, and isobutyrate) had an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.826 in discriminating children with and without asthma in the training set, which significantly outperformed FeNO (AUC = 0.574; P < .001) and FEV1 /FVC % predicted (AUC = 0.569; P < .001). The AUC for EBC metabolomic signature was 0.745 in the validation set, which was slightly but not significantly lower than in the testing set (P = .282). We further extrapolated two potentially involved metabolic pathways, including pyruvate (P = 1.67 × 10-3 ; impact: 0.14) and methane (P = 1.89 × 10-3 ; impact: 0.15), as the most likely divergent metabolisms between children with and without asthma. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence supporting the role of EBC metabolomic signature to discriminate stable asthma in Asian children in the community, with a discriminative property outperforming conventional clinical tests such as FeNO or spirometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Chang-Chien
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Lin
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Tseng
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ling Wang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Yao
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
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144
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Drijvers JM, Gillis JE, Muijlwijk T, Nguyen TH, Gaudiano EF, Harris IS, LaFleur MW, Ringel AE, Yao CH, Kurmi K, Juneja VR, Trombley JD, Haigis MC, Sharpe AH. Pharmacologic Screening Identifies Metabolic Vulnerabilities of CD8 + T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:184-199. [PMID: 33277233 PMCID: PMC7864883 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic constraints in the tumor microenvironment constitute a barrier to effective antitumor immunity and similarities in the metabolic properties of T cells and cancer cells impede the specific therapeutic targeting of metabolism in either population. To identify distinct metabolic vulnerabilities of CD8+ T cells and cancer cells, we developed a high-throughput in vitro pharmacologic screening platform and used it to measure the cell type-specific sensitivities of activated CD8+ T cells and B16 melanoma cells to a wide array of metabolic perturbations during antigen-specific killing of cancer cells by CD8+ T cells. We illustrated the applicability of this screening platform by showing that CD8+ T cells were more sensitive to ferroptosis induction by inhibitors of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) than B16 and MC38 cancer cells. Overexpression of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) or cytosolic GPX4 yielded ferroptosis-resistant CD8+ T cells without compromising their function, while genetic deletion of the ferroptosis sensitivity-promoting enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) protected CD8+ T cells from ferroptosis but impaired antitumor CD8+ T-cell responses. Our screen also revealed high T cell-specific vulnerabilities for compounds targeting NAD+ metabolism or autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. We focused the current screening effort on metabolic agents. However, this in vitro screening platform may also be valuable for rapid testing of other types of compounds to identify regulators of antitumor CD8+ T-cell function and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefte M Drijvers
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob E Gillis
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tara Muijlwijk
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thao H Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily F Gaudiano
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin W LaFleur
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alison E Ringel
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cong-Hui Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kiran Kurmi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vikram R Juneja
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin D Trombley
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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145
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Zhang X, Su Q, Zhou J, Yang Z, Liu Z, Ji L, Gao H, Jiang G. To betray or to fight? The dual identity of the mitochondria in cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:723-743. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that provide energy for oxidative phosphorylation in cells. Equally, they are the major sites for the metabolism of amino acids, lipids and iron. When cells become cancerous, the morphology, cellular location and metabolic mode of the mitochondria change accordingly. These mitochondrial changes can have two opposing effects on cancer: procancer and anticancer effects. Specifically, mitochondria play roles in the fight against cancer by participating in processes such as ferroptosis, mitophagy and antitumor immunity. Contrastingly, cancer cells can also enslave mitochondria to give them the conditions necessary for growth and metastasis. Moreover, through mitochondria, cancer cells can escape from immune surveillance, resulting in their immune escape and enhanced malignant transformation ability. At present, cancer-related studies of mitochondria are one-sided; therefore, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding by systematically reviewing the two-sided cancer-related properties of mitochondria. Mitochondrial-targeted drugs are gradually emerging and showing significant advantages in cancer treatment; thus, our in-depth exploration of mitochondria in cancer will help to provide theoretical support for the future provision of efficient and low-toxicity cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Quanzhong Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Zhantao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Lixia Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
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146
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Geeraerts SL, Heylen E, De Keersmaecker K, Kampen KR. The ins and outs of serine and glycine metabolism in cancer. Nat Metab 2021; 3:131-141. [PMID: 33510397 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogramme their metabolism to support unrestrained proliferation and survival in nutrient-poor conditions. Whereas non-transformed cells often have lower demands for serine and glycine, several cancer subtypes hyperactivate intracellular serine and glycine synthesis and become addicted to de novo production. Copy-number amplifications of serine- and glycine-synthesis genes and genetic alterations in common oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes enhance serine and glycine synthesis, resulting in high production and secretion of these oncogenesis-supportive metabolites. In this Review, we discuss the contribution of serine and glycine synthesis to cancer progression. By relying on de novo synthesis pathways, cancer cells are able to enhance macromolecule synthesis, neutralize high levels of oxidative stress and regulate methylation and tRNA formylation. Furthermore, we discuss the immunosuppressive potential of serine and glycine, and the essentiality of both amino acids to promoting survival of non-transformed neighbouring cells. Finally, we point to the emerging data proposing moonlighting functions of serine- and glycine-synthesis enzymes and examine promising small molecules targeting serine and glycine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauni L Geeraerts
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elien Heylen
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kim R Kampen
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium.
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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147
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Palmer CS, Anderson AJ, Stojanovski D. Mitochondrial protein import dysfunction: mitochondrial disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1107-1131. [PMID: 33314127 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The majority of proteins localised to mitochondria are encoded by the nuclear genome, with approximately 1500 proteins imported into mammalian mitochondria. Dysfunction in this fundamental cellular process is linked to a variety of pathologies including neuropathies, cardiovascular disorders, myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, demonstrating the importance of mitochondrial protein import machinery for cellular function. Correct import of proteins into mitochondria requires the co-ordinated activity of multimeric protein translocation and sorting machineries located in both the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, directing the imported proteins to the destined mitochondrial compartment. This dynamic process maintains cellular homeostasis, and its dysregulation significantly affects cellular signalling pathways and metabolism. This review summarises current knowledge of the mammalian mitochondrial import machinery and the pathological consequences of mutation of its components. In addition, we will discuss the role of mitochondrial import in cancer, and our current understanding of the role of mitochondrial import in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander J Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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148
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Loucif H, Dagenais-Lussier X, Beji C, Cassin L, Jrade H, Tellitchenko R, Routy JP, Olagnier D, van Grevenynghe J. Lipophagy confers a key metabolic advantage that ensures protective CD8A T-cell responses against HIV-1. Autophagy 2021; 17:3408-3423. [PMID: 33459125 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1874134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although macroautophagy/autophagy has been proposed as a critical defense mechanism against HIV-1 by targeting viral components for degradation, its contribution as a catabolic process in providing optimal anti-HIV-1 immunity has never been addressed. The failure to restore proper antiviral CD8A/CD8 T-cell immunity, especially against HIV-1, is still the major limitation of current antiretroviral therapies. Consequently, it is of clinical imperative to provide new strategies to enhance the function of HIV-1-specific CD8A T-cells in patients under antiretroviral treatments (ART). Here, we investigated whether targeting autophagy activity could be an optional solution to make this possible. Our data show that, after both polyclonal and HIV-1-specific activation, CD8A T-cells from ART displayed reduced autophagy-dependent degradation of lysosomal contents when compared to naturally HIV-1 protected elite controllers (EC). We further confirmed in EC, by using specific BECN1 gene silencing and lysosomal inhibitors, the critical role of active autophagy in superior CD8A T-cell protection against HIV-1. More importantly, we found that an IL21 treatment was effective in rescuing the antiviral CD8A T-cell immunity from ART in an autophagy-dependent manner. Finally, we established that IL21-dependent rescue occurred due to the enhanced degradation of endogenous lipids via autophagy, referred to as lipophagy, which fueled the cellular rates of mitochondrial beta-oxidation. In summary, our data show that autophagy/lipophagy can be considered as a therapeutic tool to elicit functional antiviral CD8 T-cell responses. Our results also provide additional insights toward the development of improved T-cell-based prevention and cure strategies against HIV-1.Abbreviations: ART: patients under antiretroviral therapy; BaF: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; CEF: cytomegalo-, Epstein-Barr- and flu-virus peptide pool; Chloro.: chloroquine; EC: elite controllers; FAO: fatty acid beta-oxidation; HIVneg: HIV-1-uninfected control donors; IFNG/IFN-γ: interferon gamma; IL21: interleukin 21; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Loucif
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie
| | - Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie
| | - Cherifa Beji
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie
| | - Léna Cassin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie
| | - Hani Jrade
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roman Tellitchenko
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie
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Kaymak I, Williams KS, Cantor JR, Jones RG. Immunometabolic Interplay in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:28-37. [PMID: 33125860 PMCID: PMC7837268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells' metabolism influences their differentiation and function. Given that a complex interplay of environmental factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can have a profound impact on the metabolic activities of immune, stromal, and tumor cell types, there is emerging interest to advance understanding of these diverse metabolic phenotypes in the TME. Here, we discuss cell-extrinsic contributions to the metabolic activities of immune cells. Then, considering recent technical advances in experimental systems and metabolic profiling technologies, we propose future directions to better understand how immune cells meet their metabolic demands in the TME, which can be leveraged for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Kaymak
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Kelsey S Williams
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jason R Cantor
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Russell G Jones
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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150
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Kurniawan H, Kobayashi T, Brenner D. The emerging role of one-carbon metabolism in T cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 68:193-201. [PMID: 33422815 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism (1CM) supports multiple biological functions, providing 1C units for nucleotide synthesis, epigenetic maintenance, and redox regulation. Although much has been deciphered about the relationship between disruption of 1CM and various diseases, our understanding of 1CM's involvement in the regulation of the immune system is only now evolving. In this review, we summarize key checkpoints of 1CM pathways that govern cellular activities. We also report on recent findings regarding the role of 1CM in T cells and discuss several promising avenues requiring future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Kurniawan
- Experimental & Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Immunology and Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for System Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Takumi Kobayashi
- Experimental & Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Immunology and Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for System Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Experimental & Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Immunology and Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for System Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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