101
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Viganò L, Loizeau JL, Mandich A, Mascolo G. Medium- and Long-Term Effects of Estrogenic Contaminants on the Middle River Po Fish Community as Reconstructed from a Sediment Core. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 71:454-472. [PMID: 27655388 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that endocrine active compounds (EDs) capable to induce fish gonadal histopathologies, plasma vitellogenin and thyroid disruption, are transported by the River Lambro to the River Po, potentially affecting the fish community of the main Italian river. To assess whether fish relative abundance, composition and health were impaired by the River Lambro, a 3-year survey was undertaken in the main river. Results showed that the tributary supports in the River Po a denser fish community (+43 %), with a higher total biomass (+35 %). The survey also showed niche- and sensitivity-dependent effects, so that three benthopelagic species (bleak, topmouth gudgeon, and bitterling) were, for example, more abundant downstream from the tributary (up to 3.4×), but their sizes were significantly smaller. The present fish community was then compared with that described 30 years before in the same area of the Po River. This comparison highlighted that some fish species have disappeared and many have severely declined. To better evaluate this contrast, a sediment core of the Lambro tributary was analysed for the time trends of natural estrogens (E1, E2, E3), bisphenol A and alkylphenols. The results showed that during the last 50 years the River Lambro has been exposed to high estrogenic activities (16.1 ± 9.3 ng E2 equivalents/g), which inevitably affected also the River Po. In addition, at the time of the previous survey, six species of the main river had skewed sex ratios toward all-female populations, providing evidence that EDs and particularly (xeno)estrogens were already affecting the long-term viability of fish populations. Estrogens thus can be ascribed among the causal factors of fish qualitative and quantitative decline of the River Po, although long-term effects have been likely mitigated by nonconfinement of fish populations and nutrient enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Viganò
- Water Research Institute, National Council of Research (IRSA-CNR), via del Mulino 19, 20861, Milan, Brugherio, Italy.
| | - J-L Loizeau
- Institut F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Bd Carl-Vogt 66, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Mandich
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Mascolo
- Water Research Institute, National Council of Research (IRSA-CNR), via F. de Blasio 5, Bari, Italy
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102
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Dai YN, A D, Yang Y, Tam NFY, Tai YP, Tang XY. Factors Affecting Behavior of Phenolic Endocrine Disruptors, Estrone and Estradiol, in Constructed Wetlands for Domestic Sewage Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11844-11852. [PMID: 27723316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficiency of 12 pilot-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) with different configurations on the removal of estrone and estradiol from raw domestic sewage. An orthogonal design was employed to evaluate the impact of four principal design parameters of CWs, including four wetland types, three substrates, three plant conditions, and three hydraulic loading rates, in summer and winter. A bench-scale anoxic simulation test was performed in the laboratory to clarify the photolysis, sorption, and degradation of estrogens. Estrogens were more effectively removed by the 12 CWs during summer. The experiment showed that target estrogens were efficiently removed by wetland substrate under anoxic conditions through exothermic sorption and degradation even in winter. This suggests that the inefficient removal in CWs in winter likely resulted from subsequent cleavage of a considerable amount of estrogen conjugates in influent due to insufficient decomposition at low temperatures. The transformation from estradiol to estrone could be driven by residual microbial activities not inhibited by azide, and the reversible process was then driven by active microorganisms but not solely abiotic redox reactions. Among the four design parameters, wetland-type was the most important and downward-vertical flow CWs performed best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nv Dai
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dan A
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nora Fung-Yee Tam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yi-Ping Tai
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
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103
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Huang P, Mukherji ST, Wu S, Muller J, Goel R. Fate of 17β-Estradiol as a model estrogen in source separated urine during integrated chemical P recovery and treatment using partial nitritation-anammox process. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 103:500-509. [PMID: 27566951 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research on source separation followed by the treatment of urine and/or resource recovery from human urine has shown promise as an emerging management strategy. Despite contributing only 1% of the total volume of wastewater, human urine contributes about 80% of the nitrogen, 70% of the potassium, and up to 50% of the total phosphorus in wastewater. It is also a known fact that many of the micropollutants, especially selected estrogens, get into municipal wastewater through urine excretion. In this research, we investigated the fate of 17β-estradiol (E2) as a model estrogen during struvite precipitation from synthetic urine followed by the treatment of urine using a partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) system. Single-stage and two-stage suspended growth PN/A configurations were used to remove the nitrogen in urine after struvite precipitation. The results showed an almost 95% phosphorous and 5% nitrogen recovery/removal from the synthetic urine due to struvite precipitation. The single and two stage PN/A processes were able to remove around 50% and 75% of ammonia and nitrogen present in the post struvite urine solution, respectively. After struvite precipitation, more than 95% of the E2 remained in solution and the transformation of E2 to E1 happened during urine storage. Most of the E2 removal that occurred during the PN/A process was due to sorption on the biomass and biodegradation (transformation of E2 to E1, and slow degradation of E1 to other metabolites). These results demonstrate that a combination of chemical and biological unit processes will be needed to recover and manage nutrients in source separated urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 South Campus Drive, MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sachiyo T Mukherji
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 South Campus Drive, MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 South Campus Drive, MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James Muller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 South Campus Drive, MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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104
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Chen YL, Wang CH, Yang FC, Ismail W, Wang PH, Shih CJ, Wu YC, Chiang YR. Identification of Comamonas testosteroni as an androgen degrader in sewage. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35386. [PMID: 27734937 PMCID: PMC5062160 DOI: 10.1038/srep35386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported the masculinization of freshwater wildlife exposed to androgens in polluted rivers. Microbial degradation is a crucial mechanism for eliminating steroid hormones from contaminated ecosystems. The aerobic degradation of testosterone was observed in various bacterial isolates. However, the ecophysiological relevance of androgen-degrading microorganisms in the environment is unclear. Here, we investigated the biochemical mechanisms and corresponding microorganisms of androgen degradation in aerobic sewage. Sewage samples collected from the Dihua Sewage Treatment Plant (Taipei, Taiwan) were aerobically incubated with testosterone (1 mM). Androgen metabolite analysis revealed that bacteria adopt the 9, 10-seco pathway to degrade testosterone. A metagenomic analysis indicated the apparent enrichment of Comamonas spp. (mainly C. testosteroni) and Pseudomonas spp. in sewage incubated with testosterone. We used the degenerate primers derived from the meta-cleavage dioxygenase gene (tesB) of various proteobacteria to track this essential catabolic gene in the sewage. The amplified sequences showed the highest similarity (87–96%) to tesB of C. testosteroni. Using quantitative PCR, we detected a remarkable increase of the 16S rRNA and catabolic genes of C. testosteroni in the testosterone-treated sewage. Together, our data suggest that C. testosteroni, the model microorganism for aerobic testosterone degradation, plays a role in androgen biodegradation in aerobic sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lung Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chun Yang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wael Ismail
- Environmental Biotechnology Program, Life Sciences Department, College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, 26671, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Po-Hsiang Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jen Shih
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Wu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ru Chiang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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105
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Amarakoon I, Farenhorst A, Rose K, Claeys A, Ascef B. 17 β-estradiol mineralization in human waste products and soil in the presence and the absence of antimicrobials. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2016; 51:655-660. [PMID: 27327900 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1191873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural steroidal estrogens, such as 17 β-estradiol (E2), as well as antimicrobials such as doxycycline and norfloxacin, are excreted by humans and hence detected in sewage sludge and biosolid. The disposal of human waste products on agricultural land results in estrogens and antibiotics being detected as mixtures in soils. The objective of this study was to examine microbial respiration and E2 mineralization in sewage sludge, biosolid, and soil in the presence and the absence of doxycycline and norfloxacin. The antimicrobials were applied to the media either alone or in combination at total rates of 4 and 40 mg kg-1, with the 4 mg kg-1 rate being an environmentally relevant concentration. The calculated time that half of the applied E2 was mineralized ranged from 294 to 418 days in sewage sludge, from 721 to 869 days in soil, and from 2,258 to 14,146 days in biosolid. E2 mineralization followed first-order and the presence of antimicrobials had no significant effect on mineralization half-lives, except for some antimicrobial applications to the human waste products. At 189 day, total E2 mineralization was significantly greater in sewage sludge (38 ±0.7%) > soil (23 ±0.7%) > biosolid (3 ±0.7%), while total respiration was significantly greater in biosolid (1,258 mg CO2) > sewage sludge (253 mg CO2) ≥ soil (131 mg CO2). Strong sorption of E2 to the organic fraction in biosolid may have resulted in reduced E2 mineralization despite the high microbial activity in this media. Total E2 mineralization at 189 day was not significantly influenced by the presence of doxycycline and/or norfloxacin in the media. Antimicrobial additions also did not significantly influence total respiration in media, except that total CO2 respiration at 189 day was significantly greater for biosolid with 40 mg kg-1 doxycycline added, relative to biosolid without antimicrobials. We conclude that it is unlikely for doxycycline and norfloxacin, or their mixtures, to have a significant effect on E2 mineralization in human waste products and soil. However, the potential for E2 to be persistent in biosolids, with and without the presence of antimicrobials, is posing a challenge for biosolid disposal to agricultural lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inoka Amarakoon
- a Department of Soil Science , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| | - Annemieke Farenhorst
- a Department of Soil Science , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| | - Karin Rose
- a Department of Soil Science , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| | - Anne Claeys
- b Department of Biology , Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Perpignan , Perpignan, Pyrénées Orientales , France
| | - Bruna Ascef
- c Department of Pharmacy , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Diamantina , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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106
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Osachoff HL, Brown LL, Tirrul L, van Aggelen GC, Brinkman FS, Kennedy CJ. Time course of hepatic gene expression and plasma vitellogenin protein concentrations in estrone-exposed juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 19:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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107
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Puckowski A, Mioduszewska K, Łukaszewicz P, Borecka M, Caban M, Maszkowska J, Stepnowski P. Bioaccumulation and analytics of pharmaceutical residues in the environment: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 127:232-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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108
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Chen KY, Chou PH. Detection of endocrine active substances in the aquatic environment in southern Taiwan using bioassays and LC-MS/MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 152:214-220. [PMID: 26971174 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine active substances, including naturally occurring hormones and various synthetic chemicals have received much concern owing to their endocrine disrupting potencies. It is essential to monitor their environmental occurrence since these compounds may pose potential threats to biota and human health. In this study, yeast-based reporter assays were carried out to investigate the presence of (anti-)androgenic, (anti-)estrogenic, and (anti-)thyroid compounds in the aquatic environment in southern Taiwan. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was also used to measure the environmental concentrations of selected endocrine active substances for assessing potential ecological risks and characterizing contributions to the endocrine disrupting activities. Bioassay results showed that anti-androgenic (ND-7489 μg L(-1) flutamide equivalent), estrogenic (ND-347 ng L(-1) 17β-estradiol equivalent), and anti-thyroid activities were detected in the dissolved and particulate phases of river water samples, while anti-estrogenic activities (ND-10 μg L(-1) 4-hydroxytamoxifen equivalent) were less often found. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that anti-androgenic and estrogenic contaminants, such as bisphenol A, triclosan, and estrone were frequently detected in Taiwanese rivers. In addition, their risk quotient values were often higher than 1, suggesting that they may pose an ecological risk to the aquatic biota. Further identification of unknown anti-androgenic and estrogenic contaminants in Taiwanese rivers may be necessary to protect Taiwan's aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yu Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Hsin Chou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC.
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109
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Barbosa MO, Moreira NFF, Ribeiro AR, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT. Occurrence and removal of organic micropollutants: An overview of the watch list of EU Decision 2015/495. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 94:257-279. [PMID: 26967909 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although there are no legal discharge limits for micropollutants into the environment, some regulations have been published in the last few years. Recently, a watch list of substances for European Union-wide monitoring was reported in the Decision 2015/495/EU of 20 March 2015. Besides the substances previously recommended to be included by the Directive 39/2013/EU, namely two pharmaceuticals (diclofenac and the synthetic hormone 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) and a natural hormone (17-beta-estradiol (E2)), the first watch list of 10 substances/groups of substances also refers three macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin), other natural hormone (estrone (E1)), some pesticides (methiocarb, oxadiazon, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid and triallate), a UV filter (2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate) and an antioxidant (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) commonly used as food additive. Since little is known about the removal of most of the substances included in the Decision 2015/495/EU, particularly regarding realistic concentrations in aqueous environmental samples, this review aims to: (i) overview the European policy in the water field; (ii) briefly describe the most commonly used conventional and advanced treatment processes to remove micropollutants; (iii) summarize the relevant data published in the last decade, regarding occurrence and removal in aqueous matrices of the 10 substances/groups of substances that were recently included in the first watch list for European Union monitoring (Decision 2015/495/EU); and (iv) highlight the lack of reports concerning some substances of the watch list, the study of un-spiked aquatic matrices and the assessment of transformation by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta O Barbosa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno F F Moreira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel F R Pereira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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110
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Li M, Xu B, Liungai Z, Hu HY, Chen C, Qiao J, Lu Y. The removal of estrogenic activity with UV/chlorine technology and identification of novel estrogenic disinfection by-products. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 307:119-126. [PMID: 26780699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As a recently developed disinfection technology, ultraviolet (UV)/chlorine treatment has received much attention. Many studies have evaluated its effects on pathogen inactivation, contaminant removal, and formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), but its potential for environmental estrogen removal and estrogenic DBP generation, which can also be a risk to both ecosystem and human health, have not been evaluated. In this study, UV/chlorine treatment resulted in a greater removal of estrogenic activity in synthetic effluent samples containing 17β-estradiol (E2) than did UV or chlorine treatment alone regardless of the water quality. For both the UV/chlorine and chlorine treatments, there was significant interference from NH3-N, although the UV/chlorine treatment was less affected. Estrogen receptor based affinity chromatography was used to isolate the specific estrogenic DBPs, and a novel product, with high estrogenic activity compared to E2, Δ9(11)-dehydro-estradiol, was identified. It was generated by all three treatments, and might be previously mistakenly recognized as estrone (E1). This study demonstrated that UV/chlorine is a better treatment for the removal of 17β-estradiol than chlorine and UV alone. The new identified estrogenic DBP, Δ9(11)-dehydro-estradiol, which can be isolated by affinity chromatography, could be an emerging concern in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bi Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiqi Liungai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yun Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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111
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Qi Y, Zhang TC. Transport of manure-borne testosterone in soils affected by artificial rainfall events. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 93:265-275. [PMID: 26922564 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Information is very limited on fate and transport of steroidal hormones in soils. In this study, the rainfall simulation tests were conducted with a soil slab reactor to investigate the transport of manure-borne testosterone in a silty-clay loam soil under six controllable operation conditions (i.e., three rainfall intensities and two tillage practices). The properties [e.g., rainwater volume, particle size distribution (PSD)] of the slurry samples collected in runoff and leachate at different time intervals were measured; their correlation with the distribution of testosterone among runoff, leachate and soil matrix was analyzed. The results indicated that more than 88% of the testosterone was held by the applied manure and/or soil matrix even under the rainfall intensity of 100-year return frequency. The runoff facilitated testosterone transport through both dissolved and particle-associated phases, with the corresponding mass ratio being ∼7 to 3. Soil particles collected through runoff were mainly silt-sized aggregates (STA) and clays, indicating the necessity of using partially-dispersed soil particles as testing materials to conduct batch tests (e.g., sorption/desorption). No testosterone was detected at the soil depth >20 cm or in the leachate samples, indicating that transport of testosterone through the soil is very slow when there is no preferential flow. Tillage practice could impede the transport of testosterone in runoff. For the first time, results and the methodologies of this study allow one to quantify the hormone distribution among runoff, leachate and soil matrix at the same time and to obtain a comprehensive picture of the F/T of manure-borne testosterone in soil-water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qi
- 136 PKI, Civil Engineering Dept., University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
| | - Tian C Zhang
- 205D PKI, Civil Engineering Dept., University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
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112
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Removal of Six Estrogenic Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) from Municipal Wastewater Using Aluminum Electrocoagulation. WATER 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/w8040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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113
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Peng H, Luo M, Xiong H, Yu N, Ning F, Fan J, Zeng Z, Li J, Chen L. Preparation of photonic-magnetic responsive molecularly imprinted microspheres and their application to fast and selective extraction of 17β-estradiol. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1442:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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114
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Qi Y, Zhang TC. Sorption of testosterone on partially-dispersed soil particles of different size fractions: Methodology and implications. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 92:1-10. [PMID: 26826645 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sorption of hormones to soil particles of different size fractions (DSFs) has been studied to understand their fate and transport (F/T) in soils. Conventional studies fractionated the soil particles into DSFs by using the high speed stirring method and/or adding surfactants to fully disperse the bulk soil. However, the natural processes (e.g., soil erosion, irrigation) often are relatively mild, and many soil particles may be still in the aggregate form. In this study, a method was developed for conducting the sorption test of a representative hormone (i.e., testosterone) to bulk soils first and then analyzing the results against DSFs. Results indicated the particle size distribution (PSD) of the two representative soils tested with partially-dispersed and fully-dispersed methods was significantly different due to the attachment of clay particles on sand and silt. Testosterone was sorbed mainly by the dominant aggregates even though they might have relatively lower sorption affinity than that of clays. However, the small particles (<2000 nm), even with ∼5% mass of the bulk soil, contributed more than 30% of sorbed testosterone in the "whole" soils. The partially-dispersed soil particles of DSFs should be used to understand the transport of hormone in runoff, because using the fully-dispersed soil particles will overestimate while the whole soil method will underestimate the transport potential. With the methodology developed in this study, the sorption tests will not compromise soil's original properties (e.g., aggregates) or the competition (e.g., sorption) among soil particles, and the contribution of DSFs (particularly the partially-dispersed aggregates) to the sorption of the "whole" soil can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qi
- 136 PKI, Civil Engineering Dept., University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
| | - Tian C Zhang
- 205D PKI, Civil Engineering Dept., University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
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115
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Bradley PM, Journey CA, Clark J. Effect of Wastewater Treatment Facility Closure on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in a Coastal Plain Stream. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.21455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center in Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Jimmy Clark
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center in Columbia, South Carolina
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116
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Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal the biochemical mechanisms and phylogenetic relevance of anaerobic androgen biodegradation in the environment. ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:1967-83. [PMID: 26872041 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones, such as androgens, are common surface-water contaminants. However, literature on the ecophysiological relevance of steroid-degrading organisms in the environment, particularly in anoxic ecosystems, is extremely limited. We previously reported that Steroidobacter denitrificans anaerobically degrades androgens through the 2,3-seco pathway. In this study, the genome of Sdo. denitrificans was completely sequenced. Transcriptomic data revealed gene clusters that were distinctly expressed during anaerobic growth on testosterone. We isolated and characterized the bifunctional 1-testosterone hydratase/dehydrogenase, which is essential for anaerobic degradation of steroid A-ring. Because of apparent substrate preference of this molybdoenzyme, corresponding genes, along with the signature metabolites of the 2,3-seco pathway, were used as biomarkers to investigate androgen biodegradation in the largest sewage treatment plant in Taipei, Taiwan. Androgen metabolite analysis indicated that denitrifying bacteria in anoxic sewage use the 2,3-seco pathway to degrade androgens. Metagenomic analysis and PCR-based functional assays showed androgen degradation in anoxic sewage by Thauera spp. through the action of 1-testosterone hydratase/dehydrogenase. Our integrative 'omics' approach can be used for culture-independent investigations of the microbial degradation of structurally complex compounds where isotope-labeled substrates are not easily available.
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117
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Maletz S, Wollenweber M, Kubiak K, Müller A, Schmitz S, Maier D, Hecker M, Hollert H. Investigation of potential endocrine disrupting effects of mosquito larvicidal Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) formulations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 536:729-738. [PMID: 26254073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bti is successfully used as a biological control agent for mosquito control. It has proven to be ecological friendly, and thus, is used in ecologically sensitive habitats. Recent investigations of groundwater in Germany have detected estrogenic activity in five consecutive groundwater wells in a region where Bti is applied. Therefore, it was suspected that this compound can act as an environmental xenoestrogen. In the present study, five Bti formulations as well as the active ingredient, VectoBac® TP (TP), were investigated regarding their estrogenic activity using the LYES and ER CALUX® assays. Furthermore, their steroidogenesis disruption properties were studied using the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay. Additionally, field samples from a Bti application area as well as samples from an artificial pond were examined. Three of the Bti formulations and the active ingredient TP showed significant estrogenic activity in the LYES (up to 52 ng·l(-1) estradiol equivalents (EEQ) in the 18-fold concentration) and/or the ER CALUX® (up to 1 ng·EEQ·l(-1) in the 18-fold concentration). In the H295R significant but weak effects with no dose-response-relationship on the production of estradiol, and 21-hydroxyprogesterone (WDG) as well as testosterone (TP) by H295R cells could be observed. The field samples as well as the samples from the artificial pond showed no significant increase of estrogenic activity after application of TP or WDG in the ER CALUX®. With the exception of the controlled laboratory experiments with direct application of Bti to the utilized in vitro test systems the present study did not reveal any significant effects of Bti on endocrine functions that would indicate that the application of Bti could cause adverse endocrine effects to organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Instead, our results support previous studies that the use of Bti products against mosquitos would be safe even for sensitive habitats such as conservation areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Maletz
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Wollenweber
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kubiak
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Annett Müller
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmitz
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dieter Maier
- Heinrich-Sontheimer-Laboratories, Prüfstelle Wasser und Korrosion, Water Technology Center, Wasserwerkstr. 4, 76137 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, School of the Environment & Sustainability, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China.
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118
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Vymazal J, Březinová T, Koželuh M. Occurrence and removal of estrogens, progesterone and testosterone in three constructed wetlands treating municipal sewage in the Czech Republic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 536:625-631. [PMID: 26247691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic hormones, progesterone and testosterone are endocrine-disrupting chemicals and their presence in aquatic environments represents a potentially adverse environmental and public health impact. There is a considerable amount of information about removal of estrogens, progesterone and testosterone in conventional wastewater treatment plants, namely activated sludge systems. However, the information about removal of these compounds in constructed wetlands is very limited. Three constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow in the Czech Republic have been selected to evaluate removal of estrogens (estrone, estriol, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol), testosterone and progesterone. Monitored constructed wetlands for 100, 150 and 200 PE have been in operation for more than 10 years and all systems exhibit very high treatment efficiency for organics and suspended solids. The results indicate that removal of all estrogens, progesterone and testosterone was high and only estrone was found in the outflow from one constructed wetland in concentrations above the limit of quantification 1 ng l(-1). The limits of quantification for other estrogens, i.e., 10 ng l(-1) for estriol, 1 ng l(-1) for 17β-estradiol and 2 ng l(-1) for 17α-ethinylestradiol were not exceeded in the outflow of all monitored constructed wetlands. Also, for progesterone and testosterone, all outflow concentrations were below the LOQ of 0.5 ng l(-1). The results indicated that constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow are a promising technology for elimination of estrogens, progesterone and testosterone from municipal sewage but more information is needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vymazal
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Březinová
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Koželuh
- Povodí Vltavy, a.s., Denisovo nábřeží 14, 301 00 Plzeň, Czech Republic
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119
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Goeppert N, Dror I, Berkowitz B. Fate and transport of free and conjugated estrogens during soil passage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:80-7. [PMID: 26142754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as the free estrogens 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and the conjugated estrogen estrone-sulfate (E1-3S) are found at low concentration levels in the environment. This is somehow contradictory to the strong sorption and high degradation potentials found in laboratory experiments. In particular, the fate and transport behavior of conjugated estrogens is poorly understood, and the importance of enzymes triggering the transformation pathways has received little attention. To address these deficiencies, the present research uses packed laboratory soil columns with pulse injections of free estrogens, either E2 or E1, or E1-3S, to provide sound evidence of the transformation pathways. It is further shown that (i) transport of free estrogens is subject to strong retardation and degradation, (ii) the transport of conjugated estrogens is less retarded and only to a minor degree affected by degradation, and (iii) arylsulfotransferase is the enzyme triggering the transformation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Goeppert
- Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ishai Dror
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Brian Berkowitz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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120
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Roberts J, Bain PA, Kumar A, Hepplewhite C, Ellis DJ, Christy AG, Beavis SG. Tracking multiple modes of endocrine activity in Australia's largest inland sewage treatment plant and effluent- receiving environment using a panel of in vitro bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2271-81. [PMID: 25939690 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenicity of sewage effluents, and related ecotoxicological effects in effluent-receiving environments, have been widely reported over the last 2 decades. However, relatively little attention has been given to other endocrine pathways that may be similarly disrupted by a growing list of contaminants of concern. Furthermore, the Australian evidence base is limited compared with those of Europe and North America. During a low dilution period in summer, the authors investigated multiple endocrine potencies in Australia's largest inland sewage treatment plant (STP) and the Lower Molonglo/Upper Murrumbidgee effluent-receiving environment. This STP receives 900 L/s of mostly domestic wastewater from a population of 350 000, and contributes a high proportion of total flow in the lower catchment during dry periods. A panel of in vitro receptor-driven transactivation assays were used to detect (anti)estrogenic, (anti) androgenic, (anti)progestagenic, glucocorticoid, and peroxisome-proliferator activity at various stages of the sewage treatment process. Total estrogenic and (anti)androgenic potency was removed after primary and/or secondary treatment; however, total removal efficiency for glucocorticoid potency was poorer (53-66%), and progestagenic potency was found to increase along the treatment train. Estrogenicity was detected in surface waters and bed sediments upstream and downstream of the effluent outfall, at maximum levels 10 times lower than low-hazard thresholds. Glucocorticoid and progestagenic activity were found to persist to 4 km downstream of the effluent outfall, suggesting that future research is needed on these endocrine-disrupting chemical categories in effluent-receiving systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Roberts
- CSIRO, Land and Water, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Peter A Bain
- CSIRO, Land and Water, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anupama Kumar
- CSIRO, Land and Water, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - David J Ellis
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew G Christy
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sara G Beavis
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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121
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Properties of Soil Particle Size Fractions and Their Contribution on Fate and Transport of Hormones in Soil Environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1198.ch004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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122
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Li Y, Zhao X, Li P, Huang Y, Wang J, Zhang J. Highly sensitive Fe 3 O 4 nanobeads/graphene-based molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for 17β-estradiol in water. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 884:106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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123
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Liu ZH, Lu GN, Yin H, Dang Z, Rittmann B. Removal of natural estrogens and their conjugates in municipal wastewater treatment plants: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5288-5300. [PMID: 25844648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews studies focusing on the removal performance of natural estrogens in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Key factors influencing removal include: sludge retention time (SRT), aeration, temperature, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and substrate concentration. Batch studies show that natural estrogens should biodegrade well; however, batch observations do not always agree with observations from full-scale municipal WWTPs. To explain this discrepancy, deconjugation kinetics of estrogen conjugates in lab-scale studies were examined and compared. Most estrogen conjugates with slow deconjugation rates are unlikely to be easily removed; others could be cleaved in WWTP settings. Nevertheless, some estrogens cleaved from their conjugates may be found in treated effluent, because deconjugation requires several hours or longer, and there is insufficient rest time for the biodegradation of the cleaved natural estrogens in the WWTP. Therefore, WWTP removals of natural estrogens are likely to be underestimated when estrogen conjugates are present in raw wastewater. This review suggests that biodeconjugation of estrogen conjugates should be enhanced to more effectively remove natural estrogens in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-hua Liu
- †College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong China
| | - Gui-ning Lu
- †College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong China
| | - Hua Yin
- †College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong China
| | - Zhi Dang
- †College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong China
| | - Bruce Rittmann
- §Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
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124
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Lin YC, Lai WWP, Tung HH, Lin AYC. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and perfluorinated compounds in groundwater in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:256. [PMID: 25877647 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the emerging pollutants in Taiwanese groundwater for the first time and correlated their presence with possible contamination sources. Fifty target pharmaceuticals and perfluorinated chemicals in groundwater were mostly present at ng L(-1) concentrations, except for 17α-ethynylestradiol, sulfamethoxazole, and acetaminophen (maximums of 1822, 1820, and 1036 ng L(-1), respectively). Perfluorinated compounds were detected with the highest frequencies in groundwater at almost all of the sample sites, especially short-chained perfluorinated carboxylates, which were easily transferred to the groundwater. The results indicate that the compounds found to have high detection frequencies and concentrations in groundwater are similar to those found in other countries around the world. Most common pharmaceuticals that contain hydrophilic groups, such as sulfonamide antibiotics and caffeine, are easily transported through surface waters to groundwater. The results also indicated that the persistent natures of emerging contaminants with high detection frequencies in surface water and groundwater, such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (risk quotient >1), caffeine, and carbamazepine, should be further studied and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ching Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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125
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Duncan LA, Tyner JS, Buchanan JR, Hawkins SA, Lee J. Fate and Transport of 17β-Estradiol beneath Animal Waste Holding Ponds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2015; 44:982-8. [PMID: 26024278 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2014.08.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentrated animal feeding operations typically store livestock waste in clay-lined ponds. Although these ponds are regulated to include a liner with a small hydraulic conductivity to limit leaching, previous studies have traced surface and groundwater contamination from such regulated animal waste ponds. This research examined the transport of 17β-estradiol (E2) and its primary metabolite, estrone (E1), through soil liners using field- and laboratory-based studies. Additionally, a potential engineering solution to limit hormone transport-applying biochar to new pond liners to act as a retardant-was studied. Soil cores 80 cm in length were collected beneath a mature dairy waste pond and analyzed for moisture content and hormone concentrations. Unsaturated conditions and E2 concentrations of 4 to 250 ng g were detected beneath the waste pond. In the laboratory portion of the study, hand-packed columns of sand or clay were subjected to infiltration by a 2.3-m head of dairy waste. A subset of the hand-packed sand columns was amended with powdered biochar to test its ability to retard E2 and E1. For 3 mo, column leachate was analyzed for hormone concentrations, and at the conclusion of the study E2 and E1 concentrations in the soil were measured. In the 44 d after sealing, the clay, sand, sand with a thin layer of biochar, and sand mixed with a biochar amendment leached a total of 0.54, 1.3, 0.09, and 0.45 μg of E2, respectively. The biochar amendments to the hand-packed columns considerably minimized E2 in the leachate.
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126
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Syasina IG, Shved NA. Hexestrol- and nonylphenol-induced differential vitellogenin synthesis in female and male barfin plaice Liopsetta pinnifasciata. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:597-605. [PMID: 25682006 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of hexestrol (HXS) and nonylphenol (NP) on plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) concentration in barfin plaice Liopsetta pinnifasciata was studied during spring and autumn experiment. In L. pinnifasciata two "complete" forms of Vtgs, namely VtgAa and VtgAb, were previously described which may be separated due to molecular mass of their largest polypeptide in SDS-PAGE. In spring, the injection of HXS led to an increase in Vtg concentrations in both females and males. SDS-PAGE analysis of plasma from HXS-exposed fish produced only one prominent band at a molecular mass of 180 kDa that corresponds to an increase in VtgAb levels. NP injected in fish in spring induced statistically significant increasing of Vtg concentration in males, and only one type of Vtg, as in case of HXS, accumulated in plasma. In autumn, the injection of HXS results to the increase of Vtg concentration in the plasma of females and males, electrophoretic analysis of plasma proteins showed that only a 98 kDa polypeptide, corresponding to the VtgAa-type showed a significant increase. The blood plasma ratios of VtgAa and VtgAb in experimental fish are discussed in relation to the season and stage of reproductive cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraida G Syasina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 17, Palchevskogo str., Vladivostok 690059, Russia.
| | - Nikita A Shved
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 17, Palchevskogo str., Vladivostok 690059, Russia; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8, Sukhanova str., Vladivostok 690091, Russia.
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127
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Sackett DK, Pow CL, Rubino MJ, Aday DD, Cope WG, Kullman S, Rice JA, Kwak TJ, Law M. Sources of endocrine-disrupting compounds in North Carolina waterways: a geographic information systems approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:437-45. [PMID: 25378272 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), particularly estrogenic compounds, in the environment has drawn public attention across the globe, yet a clear understanding of the extent and distribution of estrogenic EDCs in surface waters and their relationship to potential sources is lacking. The objective of the present study was to identify and examine the potential input of estrogenic EDC sources in North Carolina water bodies using a geographic information system (GIS) mapping and analysis approach. Existing data from state and federal agencies were used to create point and nonpoint source maps depicting the cumulative contribution of potential sources of estrogenic EDCs to North Carolina surface waters. Water was collected from 33 sites (12 associated with potential point sources, 12 associated with potential nonpoint sources, and 9 reference), to validate the predictive results of the GIS analysis. Estrogenicity (measured as 17β-estradiol equivalence) ranged from 0.06 ng/L to 56.9 ng/L. However, the majority of sites (88%) had water 17β-estradiol concentrations below 1 ng/L. Sites associated with point and nonpoint sources had significantly higher 17β-estradiol levels than reference sites. The results suggested that water 17β-estradiol was reflective of GIS predictions, confirming the relevance of landscape-level influences on water quality and validating the GIS approach to characterize such relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K Sackett
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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128
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Singh R, Cabrera ML, Radcliffe DE, Zhang H, Huang Q. Laccase mediated transformation of 17β-estradiol in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 197:28-35. [PMID: 25489747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is known that 17β-estradiol (E2) can be transformed by reactions mediated by some oxidoreductases such as laccase in water. Whether or how such reactions can happen in soil is however unknown although they may significantly impact the environmental fate of E2 that is introduced to soil by land application of animal wastes. We herein studied the reaction of E2 in a model soil mediated by laccase, and found that the reaction behaviors differ significantly from those in water partly because of the dramatic difference in laccase stability. We also examined E2 transformation in soil using (14)C-labeling in combination with soil organic matter extraction and size exclusion chromatography, which indicated that applied (14)C radioactivity was preferably bound to humic acids. The study provides useful information for understanding the environmental fate of E2 and for developing a novel soil remediation strategy via enzyme-enhanced humification reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Singh
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Miguel L Cabrera
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David E Radcliffe
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Qingguo Huang
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA.
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129
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Belhaj D, Baccar R, Jaabiri I, Bouzid J, Kallel M, Ayadi H, Zhou JL. Fate of selected estrogenic hormones in an urban sewage treatment plant in Tunisia (North Africa). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:154-160. [PMID: 25317971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic compounds have been monitored for one year at an urban sewage treatment plant (STP) located in Tunisia, to evaluate their fate and seasonal variations. The concentrations of these compounds were determined in both wastewater and sludge phases by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that the highest removal of all estrogens (≥80%) was observed in summer. Mass balance analysis revealed that biodegradation was the predominant removal mechanism. Moreover, the results showed that the removal efficiency of the studied emerging micropollutants and their concentrations in the solid phase of return sludge were much higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. These findings were closely related to microbial activity and the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSSs). Finally, the findings can be used to help with the modifications that could be implemented in that STP for the improved removal of estrogenic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalel Belhaj
- University of Sfax-Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Planktonology, BP 117-3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rim Baccar
- University of Sfax-Tunisia, ENIS, Laboratory of Water-Energy-Environment, BP 1173-3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ikram Jaabiri
- University of Sfax-Tunisia, ENIS, Laboratory of Water-Energy-Environment, BP 1173-3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jalel Bouzid
- University of Sfax-Tunisia, ENIS, Laboratory of Water-Energy-Environment, BP 1173-3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moneem Kallel
- University of Sfax-Tunisia, ENIS, Laboratory of Water-Energy-Environment, BP 1173-3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ayadi
- University of Sfax-Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Planktonology, BP 117-3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - John L Zhou
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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130
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Tan DT, Temme HR, Arnold WA, Novak PJ. Estrone degradation: does organic matter (quality), matter? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:498-503. [PMID: 25454582 DOI: 10.1021/es504424v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the parameters that drive E1 degradation is necessary to improve existing wastewater treatment systems and evaluate potential treatment options. Organic matter quality could be an important parameter. Microbial communities grown from activated sludge seeds using different dissolved organic matter sources were tested for E1 degradation rates. Synthetic wastewater was aged, filter-sterilized, and used as a carbon and energy source to determine if recalcitrant organic carbon enhances E1 degradation. Higher E1 degradation was observed by biomass grown on 8 d old synthetic wastewater compared to biomass grown on fresh synthetic wastewater (P = 0.033) despite much lower concentrations of bacteria. Minimal or no E1 degradation was observed in biomass grown on 2 d old synthetic wastewater. Organic carbon analyses suggest that products of cell lysis or microbial products released under starvation stress stimulate E1 degradation. Additional water sources were also tested: lake water, river water, and effluents from a municipal wastewater treatement plant and a treatment wetland. E1 degradation was only observed in biomass grown in treatment effluent. Nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, and trace element concentrations were not causative factors for E1 degradation. In both experiments, spectrophotometric analyses reveal degradation of E1 is associated with microbially derived organic carbon but not general recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Tan
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota , 500 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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131
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Bai X, Casey FXM, Hakk H, DeSutter TM, Oduor PG, Khan E. Sorption and degradation of 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate in sterilized soil-water systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:1322-1328. [PMID: 24630461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To identify abiotic processes that govern the fate of a sulfate conjugated estrogen, 17β-estradiol-17-sulfate (E2-17S), soil batch experiments were conducted to investigate the dissipation, sorption, and degradation of radiolabeled E2-17S under sterilized conditions. The aqueous dissipation half-lives (DT50) for E2-17S ranged from 2.5 to 9.3h for the topsoil of high organic carbon (OC) content (1.29%), but E2-17S remained at ∼80% of applied dose in the low OC (0.26%) subsoil by 14 d. The non-linear sorption isotherms indicated limited sorption of E2-17S, and the concentration-dependent log KOC values were 2.20 and 2.45 for the topsoil and subsoil, respectively. Additionally, two types of hydroxyl E2-17S (OH-E2-17S and diOH-E2-17S) were found as major metabolites in the aqueous phase, which represented 9-25% and 6-7% of applied dose for the topsoil and subsoil at 14 d, respectively. Free estrogens, 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), were detected from the sorbed phase of the soil-water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Bai
- Department of Soil Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Francis X M Casey
- Department of Soil Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Heldur Hakk
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58102-2765, USA
| | - Thomas M DeSutter
- Department of Soil Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Peter G Oduor
- Department of Geosciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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132
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Chawla C, Sarkar S, Ali S, Rehmann L, Nakhla G, Ray MB. Anaerobic digestibility of estrogens in wastewater sludge: effect of ultrasonic pretreatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 145:307-313. [PMID: 25098232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogenic compounds have been detected in the secondary effluents and in the biosolids from conventional wastewater treatment plants, which are not designed for their removal. Furthermore, existing limited studies on anaerobic digestibility of estrogens report conflicting results. The objective of the present work was to determine the fate and anaerobic digestibility of estrogenic compounds in various types of sludge including primary sludge (PS), waste activated sludge (WAS), and anaerobically digested sludge (seed). METHODS Estrone (E1) and 17-β estradiol (E2) were chosen as the model estrogenic compounds. Initially batch adsorption was conducted to determine the extent of adsorption and isotherm of E1 on various sludge. Thereafter, batch anaerobic digestion of E1 and E2 was conducted in various sludge using So/X ratio of 4 gCOD/gVSS in 250 ml bottles. The effect of earlier optimized ultrasonication dosage on the anaerobic digestion of E1 and E2 was also characterized. Estrogenicity of the digested samples was determined by the YES assay. RESULTS Most of E1 and E2 was adsorbed on the biosolids and the Freundlich isotherm fitted the experimental data well. No anaerobic digestion of E1 and E2 was found in any of the sludge tested, and the estrogenicity of the sludge measured by YES assay increased during digestion due to the formation of E2 from E1 in a reduced environment. Ultrasonication decreased the initial mass of E1 and E2 by 20% in the sonicated digester as compared to control digester, however, there was no further decrease in E1 and E2 during digestion. CONCLUSIONS Most of the estrogenic compounds partitioned onto the solids and remained there during digestion. Ultrasonication pretreatment reduced the estrogen burden for the digester due to advance oxidation, but no further removal of the estrogens occurred in the digester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Chawla
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Shubhajit Sarkar
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Sura Ali
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Lars Rehmann
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A5B9, Canada
| | - George Nakhla
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Madhumita B Ray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A5B9, Canada.
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133
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Cwiertny DM, Snyder SA, Schlenk D, Kolodziej EP. Environmental designer drugs: when transformation may not eliminate risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:11737-45. [PMID: 25216024 PMCID: PMC4204896 DOI: 10.1021/es503425w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental transformation processes, including those occurring in natural and engineered systems, do not necessarily drastically alter molecular structures of bioactive organic contaminants. While the majority of generated transformation products are likely benign, substantial conservation of structure in transformation products can imply conservation or even creation of bioactivity across multiple biological end points and thus incomplete mitigation of ecological risk. Therefore, focusing solely on parent compound removal for contaminants of higher relative risk, the most common approach to fate characterization, provides no mechanistic relationship to potential biological effects and is inadequate as a comprehensive metric for reduction of ecological risks. Here, we explore these phenomena for endocrine-active steroid hormones, focusing on examples of conserved bioactivity and related implications for fate assessment, regulatory approaches, and research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Cwiertny
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Iowa, 4105 Seamans
Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- (D.M.C.) Phone: +1-319-335-1401; fax: +1-319-335-5660; e-mail:
| | - Shane A. Snyder
- Chemical
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Arizona, 1133 E. James
E. Rogers Way, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- NUS
Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Edward P. Kolodziej
- Interdisciplinary
Arts and Sciences, University of Washington,
Tacoma, 1900 Commerce
Street, Tacoma, Washington 98402, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- (E.P.K.) Phone: +1-253-692-5659; fax: +1-253-692-5718; e-mail:
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134
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Geng Q, Li P, Zhang W, Deng Y, Duan Y, Cao Y. The bioaccumulation and biotransformation of synthetic estrogen quinestrol in crucian carp. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 155:84-90. [PMID: 24997302 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in aquatic species have attracted close attention during the last decades. In this study, the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of synthetic estrogen quinestrol, one of the typical EDCs, in the plasma and liver of crucian carp, were investigated by a newly developed and validated reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection method. Crucian carp were exposed to quinestrol in concentration of 2, 10, 50, 100 μg/L (5.49, 27.43, 137.17, 274.34 nmol/L) for 60 days. After 60 days' exposure, the concentrations of quinestrol found in liver and plasma were in the range of 0.25-0.69 mg/kg and 0.19-0.30 mg/L respectively, positively correlated with the exposure concentrations ranged 2-100 μg/L (5.49-274.34 nmol/L). There was a negative correlation between the bio-accumulation ratios and the exposure concentrations of quinestrol. 17α-Ethinylestradiol was also found in liver and plasma, and the concentrations were 0.02-0.19 mg/kg and 0.37-0.96 mg/L, respectively. The results indicated that quinestrol can be accumulated and transformed to 17α-ethinylestradiol in crucian carp. Moreover, exposure to quinestrol caused oxidative damages to crucian carp and the content of malondialdehyde increased in all treatment concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Geng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingliang Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Deng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongheng Duan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsong Cao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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135
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Osachoff HL, Mohammadali M, Skirrow RC, Hall ER, Brown LLY, van Aggelen GC, Kennedy CJ, Helbing CC. Evaluating the treatment of a synthetic wastewater containing a pharmaceutical and personal care product chemical cocktail: compound removal efficiency and effects on juvenile rainbow trout. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 62:271-280. [PMID: 24963889 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) can evade degradation in sewage treatment plants (STPs) and can be chronically discharged into the environment, causing concern for aquatic organisms, wildlife, and humans that may be exposed to these bioactive chemicals. The ability of a common STP process, conventional activated sludge (CAS), to remove PPCPs (caffeine, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, estrone, 17α-ethinylestradiol, ibuprofen, naproxen, 4-nonylphenol, tonalide, triclocarban and triclosan) from a synthetic wastewater was evaluated in the present study. The removal of individual PPCPs by the laboratory-scale CAS treatment plant ranged from 40 to 99.6%. While the efficiency of removal for some compounds was high, remaining quantities have the potential to affect aquatic organisms even at low concentrations. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to influent recreated model wastewater with methanol (IM, solvent control) or with PPCP cocktail (IC), or CAS-treated effluent wastewater with methanol (EM, treated control) or with PPCP cocktail (EC). Alterations in hepatic gene expression (evaluated using a quantitative nuclease protection plex assay) and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) protein concentrations occurred in exposed fish. Although there was partial PPCP removal by CAS treatment, the 20% lower VTG transcript levels and 83% lower plasma VTG protein concentration found in EC-exposed fish compared to IC-exposed fish were not statistically significant. Thus, estrogenic activity found in the influent was retained in the effluent even though typical percent removal levels were achieved raising the issue that greater reduction in contaminant load is required to address hormone active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Osachoff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6; Environment Canada, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, 2645 Dollarton Hwy., North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7H 1B1
| | - Mehrnoush Mohammadali
- Department of Civil Engineering, 2002 - 6250 Applied Science Lane, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Rachel C Skirrow
- Environment Canada, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, 2645 Dollarton Hwy., North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7H 1B1
| | - Eric R Hall
- Department of Civil Engineering, 2002 - 6250 Applied Science Lane, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Lorraine L Y Brown
- Environment Canada, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, 2645 Dollarton Hwy., North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7H 1B1
| | - Graham C van Aggelen
- Environment Canada, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, 2645 Dollarton Hwy., North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7H 1B1
| | - Christopher J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Caren C Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, PO Box 3055 STN CSC, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6.
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136
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Trace analysis of selected hormones and sterols in river sediments by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1364:117-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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137
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Young J, Iwanowicz L, Sperry A, Blazer V. A landscape-based reconnaissance survey of estrogenic activity in streams of the upper Potomac, upper James, and Shenandoah Rivers, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:5531-45. [PMID: 24816593 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are becoming of increasing concern in waterways of the USA and worldwide. What remains poorly understood, however, is how prevalent these emerging contaminants are in the environment and what methods are best able to determine landscape sources of EDCs. We describe the development of a spatially structured sampling design and a reconnaissance survey of estrogenic activity along gradients of land use within sub-watersheds. We present this example as a useful approach for state and federal agencies with an interest in identifying locations potentially impacted by EDCs that warrant more intensive, focused research. Our study confirms the importance of agricultural activities on levels of a measured estrogenic equivalent (E2Eq) and also highlights the importance of other potential sources of E2Eq in areas where intensive agriculture is not the dominant land use. Through application of readily available geographic information system (GIS) data, coupled with spatial statistical analysis, we demonstrate the correlation of specific land use types to levels of estrogenic activity across a large area in a consistent and unbiased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Young
- Aquatic Ecology Branch, USGS Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA,
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138
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Qi Y, Zhang TC, Ren Y. Testosterone sorption and desorption: effects of soil particle size. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 279:493-501. [PMID: 25108102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soils contain a wide range of particles of different diameters with different mobility during rainfall events. Effects of soil particles on sorption and desorption behaviors of steroid hormones have not been investigated. In this study, wet sieve washing and repeated sedimentation methods were used to fractionate the soils into five ranges. The sorption and desorption properties and related mechanisms of testosterone in batch reactors filled with fractionated soil particles were evaluated. Results of sorption and desorption kinetics indicate that small soil particles have higher sorption and lower desorption rates than that of big ones. Thermodynamic results show the sorption processes are spontaneous and exothermal. The sorption capacity ranks as clay>silt>sand, depending mainly on specific surface area and surface functional groups. The urea control test shows that hydrogen bonding contributes to testosterone sorption onto clay and silt but not on sand. Desorption tests indicate sorption is 36-65% irreversible from clay to sand. Clays have highest desorption hysteresis among these five soil fractions, indicating small particles like clays have less potential for desorption. The results provide indirect evidence on the colloid (clay)-facilitated transport of hormones (micro-pollutants) in soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qi
- Civil Engineering Dept., University of Nebraska-Lincoln at Omaha Campus, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
| | - Tian C Zhang
- Civil Engineering Dept., University of Nebraska-Lincoln at Omaha Campus, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Yongzheng Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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139
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Chiang LF, Doong RA. Cu-TiO2 nanorods with enhanced ultraviolet- and visible-light photoactivity for bisphenol A degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 277:84-92. [PMID: 24556011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the microwave-assisted sol-gel method and chemical reduction were used to synthesize Cu-TiO2 nanorod composites for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in the presence of UV and visible lights. The electron microscopic images showed that the Cu nanoparticles at 4.5±0.1nm were well-deposited onto the surface of TiO2 nanorods after chemical reduction of Cu ions by NaBH4. The X-ray diffractometry patterns and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic results indicated that Cu species on the Cu-TiO2 nanorods were mainly the mixture of Cu2O and Cu(0). The Cu-TiO2 nanorods showed excellent photocatalytic activity toward BPA photodegradation under the irradiation of UV and visible lights. The pseudo-first-order rate constant (kobs) for BPA photodegradation by 7wt% Cu-TiO2 nanorods were 18.4 and 3.8 times higher than those of as-synthesized TiO2 nanorods and Degussa P25 TiO2, respectively, under the UV light irradiation. In addition, the kobs for BPA photodegradation by 7wt% Cu-TiO2 nanorods increased by a factor of 5.8 when compared with that of Degussa P25 TiO2 under the irradiation of 460±40nm visible light. Results obtained in this study clearly demonstrate the feasibility of using one-dimensional Cu-TiO2 nanorods for photocatalytic degradation of BPA and other pharmaceutical and personal care products in water and wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-An Doong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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140
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Nie M, Yang Y, Liu M, Yan C, Shi H, Dong W, Zhou JL. Environmental estrogens in a drinking water reservoir area in Shanghai: occurrence, colloidal contribution and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 487:785-91. [PMID: 24364991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and multi-phase distribution of six environmental estrogen compounds were investigated in a drinking water reservoir area by analyzing estrogens in suspended particulate matter (SPM), filtrate (conventional dissolved phase, <1 μm), permeate (truly soluble phase, <1 kDa) and retentate (colloidal phase, 1 kDa to 1 μm). The estrogen concentrations at different sites occurred in the following order: animal feed operation (AFO) wastewater-affected streams>tributaries>main stream channel. Correlation analysis showed that organic carbon (OC) contents had significantly positive correlations with environmental estrogens in filtrate, SPM and colloidal phases, respectively, indicating the important role played by OC. Aquatic colloids, often neglected, showed a much higher sorption capability of environmental estrogens compared to SPM. Similar Kcoc values in three types of sampling sites showed that colloids could be transported from AFO wastewater to tributaries and further into the main river channel. Mass balance calculations showed that 14.5-68.4% of OP, 4.5-32.1% of BPA, 2.0-58.4% of E1, 8.36-72.0% of E2, 0-20.6% of EE2, 3.4-62.7% of E3 and 8.3-36.1% of total estrogens were associated with colloidal fractions, suggesting that the colloids could act as a significant sink for environmental estrogens. Risk assessment demonstrated that the occurrence of environmental estrogens might pose a risk to aquatic organisms in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Nie
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenbo Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - John L Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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141
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Zhang QQ, Zhao JL, Ying GG, Liu YS, Pan CG. Emission estimation and multimedia fate modeling of seven steroids at the river basin scale in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:7982-7992. [PMID: 24964360 DOI: 10.1021/es501226h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are excreted from humans and animals and discharged with wastewaters into the environment, resulting in potential adverse effects on organisms. Based on the excretion rates from different groups of humans and animals, the emissions of seven steroids (estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), testosterone (T), androsterone (A), progesterone (P), and cortisol (C)) were comprehensively estimated in 58 river basins of whole China, and their multimedia fate was simulated by using a level III fugacity multimedia model. The results showed that higher emission densities for the steroids were found in the river basins of east China than in west China. This distribution was found to be generally similar to the distribution of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) across China. E3, A, and P displayed higher emission densities than the other steroids in most of the river basins. The total excretion of steroids by humans and animals in China was estimated to be 3069 t/yr. The excretion of steroids from animals was two times larger than that from humans. After various treatments, the total emission of steroids was reduced to 2486 t/yr, of which more than 80% was discharged into the water compartment. The predicted concentrations in water were within an order of magnitude of the measured concentrations available in the literature. Owing to wastewater irrigation, more steroid mass loadings in agricultural soil were found in the basins of Haihe River and Huaihe River in comparison with the other river basins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the emissions and multimedia fate of seven steroids in the river basins of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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142
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Pérez RL, Escandar GM. Liquid chromatography with diode array detection and multivariate curve resolution for the selective and sensitive quantification of estrogens in natural waters. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 835:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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143
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DPV and SWV Determination of Estrone Using a Cathodically Pretreated Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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144
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Schneider JE, Brozek JM, Keen-Rhinehart E. Our stolen figures: the interface of sexual differentiation, endocrine disruptors, maternal programming, and energy balance. Horm Behav 2014; 66:104-19. [PMID: 24681201 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Energy Balance". The prevalence of adult obesity has risen markedly in the last quarter of the 20th century and has not been reversed in this century. Less well known is the fact that obesity prevalence has risen in domestic, laboratory, and feral animals, suggesting that all of these species have been exposed to obesogenic factors present in the environment. This review emphasizes interactions among three biological processes known to influence energy balance: Sexual differentiation, endocrine disruption, and maternal programming. Sexual dimorphisms include differences between males and females in body weight, adiposity, adipose tissue distribution, ingestive behavior, and the underlying neural circuits. These sexual dimorphisms are controlled by sex chromosomes, hormones that masculinize or feminize adult body weight during perinatal development, and hormones that act during later periods of development, such as puberty. Endocrine disruptors are natural and synthetic molecules that attenuate or block normal hormonal action during these same developmental periods. A growing body of research documents effects of endocrine disruptors on the differentiation of adipocytes and the central nervous system circuits that control food intake, energy expenditure, and adipose tissue storage. In parallel, interest has grown in epigenetic influences, including maternal programming, the process by which the mother's experience has permanent effects on energy-balancing traits in the offspring. This review highlights the points at which maternal programming, sexual differentiation, and endocrine disruption might dovetail to influence global changes in energy balancing traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Schneider
- Lehigh University, Department of Biological Sciences, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Jeremy M Brozek
- Lehigh University, Department of Biological Sciences, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Erin Keen-Rhinehart
- Susquehanna University, Department of Biological Sciences, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
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145
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Yost EE, Lee Pow C, Hawkins MB, Kullman SW. Bridging the gap from screening assays to estrogenic effects in fish: potential roles of multiple estrogen receptor subtypes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:5211-9. [PMID: 24422420 PMCID: PMC4014147 DOI: 10.1021/es404093n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study seeks to delineate the ligand interactions that drive biomarker induction in fish exposed to estrogenic pollutants and provide a case study on the capacity of human (h) estrogen receptor (ER)-based in vitro screening assays to predict estrogenic effects in aquatic species. Adult male Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to solutions of singular steroidal estrogens or to the estrogenic extract of an anaerobic swine waste lagoon. All exposure concentrations were calibrated to be equipotent based on the yeast estrogen screen (YES), which reports activation of hERα. These exposures elicited significantly different magnitudes of hepatic vitellogenin and choriogenin gene induction in the male medaka. Effects of the same YES-calibrated solutions in the T47D-KBluc assay, which reports activation of hERα and hERβ, generally recapitulated observations in medaka. Using competitive ligand binding assays, it was found that the magnitude of vitellogenin/choriogenin induction by different estrogenic ligands correlated positively with preferential binding affinity for medaka ERβ subtypes, which are highly expressed in male medaka liver prior to estrogen exposure. Results support emerging evidence that ERβ subtypes are critically involved in the teleost estrogenic response, with the ERα:ERβ ratio being of particular importance. Accordingly, incorporation of multiple ER subtypes into estrogen screening protocols may increase predictive value for the risk assessment of aquatic systems, including complex estrogenic mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Yost
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Program in Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Crystal Lee Pow
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Program in Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Mary Beth Hawkins
- Department
of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State
University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Seth W. Kullman
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Program in Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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146
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Abstract
This study is the beginning of attempts to obtain existing data of estrogens contamination in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Bangkok Metropolitan area. Influents and effluents of seven WWTPs in Bangkok, and water samples from Bang-sue canal (receiving water from Chatuchak (CTC)-WWTP) and Chaopraya River (as receiving water from Chongnonsri (CNS)-WWTP) were collected by grab sampling. The sampling and analyses were done three times in a year round, during March to April 2010, October 2010, and January 2011. 17β-estradiol (E2) was found as in the majority in most samples including the surface water samples. In addition, the results of receiving water samples in both locations show that downstream (of discharged point) estrogens were a little higher than upstream ones. This could imply that WWTPs might be the important sources of estrogens contamination in surface (receiving) waters in Bangkok area and that the biological wastewater treatment processes currently used in WWTPs could not completely remove these estrogens.
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147
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Zhang Z, Ren N, Kannan K, Nan J, Liu L, Ma W, Qi H, Li Y. Occurrence of endocrine-disrupting phenols and estrogens in water and sediment of the Songhua river, northeastern China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 66:361-369. [PMID: 24468970 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-9998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of six phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals [4-tert-octylphenol (OP), 4-t-nonylphenol (4-t-NP), 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP), nonylphenol mono- to di-ethoxylates (NP1EO, NP2EO), and bisphenol A (BPA)] and five estrogens [estrone (E1), β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), and diethylstilbestrol (DES)] were determined in surface water and sediment samples collected from the Songhua River in northeast China. Concentrations of sum of five alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates (ΣOP, 4-n-NP, 4-t-NP, NP1EO, NP2EO) were 117-1,030 ng L(-1) (mean 296) in water samples and 25.5-386 ng g(-1) (mean 67.3 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw)) in sediments. Concentrations of BPA in water and sediments were 8.24-263 ng L(-1) (mean 52.0) and 1.60-17.3 ng g(-1) dw (mean 4.90 dw), respectively. Concentrations in water were 0.840-20.8 ng L(-1) (mean 5.03) for the sum of three natural steroidal estrogens (ΣE1, E2, E3) and below detection limit (BDL) at -1.38 ng L(-1) (average 0.200) for the sum of two synthetic estrogens (EE2, ΣDES). Among estrogens, only E1 was detected in all of the sediment samples in the range of 0.100-3.00 ng g(-1) dw. Concentrations of Σphenolic EDCs and Σestrogens in water and sediments and their correlations with total organic carbon indicated that these contaminants originate from similar sources, such as municipal wastewater. In situ [Formula: see text] values and sediment-water fugacity fraction were calculated for the target chemicals, and the results indicated that these chemicals were, in general, supersaturated in sediments relative to those in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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148
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Anoxic androgen degradation by the denitrifying bacterium Sterolibacterium denitrificans via the 2,3-seco pathway. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:3442-52. [PMID: 24657867 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03880-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodegradation of steroids is a crucial biochemical process mediated exclusively by bacteria. So far, information concerning the anoxic catabolic pathways of androgens is largely unknown, which has prevented many environmental investigations. In this work, we show that Sterolibacterium denitrificans DSMZ 13999 can anaerobically mineralize testosterone and some C19 androgens. By using a (13)C-metabolomics approach and monitoring the sequential appearance of the intermediates, we demonstrated that S. denitrificans uses the 2,3-seco pathway to degrade testosterone under anoxic conditions. Furthermore, based on the identification of a C17 intermediate, we propose that the A-ring cleavage may be followed by the removal of a C2 side chain at C-5 of 17-hydroxy-1-oxo-2,3-seco-androstan-3-oic acid (the A-ring cleavage product) via retro-aldol reaction. The androgenic activities of the bacterial culture and the identified intermediates were assessed using the lacZ-based yeast androgen assay. The androgenic activity in the testosterone-grown S. denitrificans culture decreased significantly over time, indicating its ability to eliminate androgens. The A-ring cleavage intermediate (≤ 500 μM) did not exhibit androgenic activity, whereas the sterane-containing intermediates did. So far, only two androgen-degrading anaerobes (Sterolibacterium denitrificans DSMZ 13999 [a betaproteobacterium] and Steroidobacter denitrificans DSMZ 18526 [a gammaproteobacterium]) have been isolated and characterized, and both of them use the 2,3-seco pathway to anaerobically degrade androgens. The key intermediate 2,3-seco-androstan-3-oic acid can be used as a signature intermediate for culture-independent environmental investigations of anaerobic degradation of C19 androgens.
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149
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Souissi Y, Kinani S, Bouchonnet S, Bourcier S, Malosse C, Sablier M, Creusot N, Mombelli E, Aït-Aïssa S. Photolysis of estrone generates estrogenic photoproducts with higher activity than the parent compound. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:7818-7827. [PMID: 24638837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of UV-visible irradiation on the estrogenicity of an estrone aqueous solution by using chemical analysis associated with an in vitro bioassay and in silico analysis. An estrone aqueous solution was irradiated with an UV-visible high-pressure mercury lamp. By using the MELN in vitro cellular bioassay, based on the induction of a luciferase reporter gene upon the activation of the estrogen receptor by chemicals, we showed that the estrogenic potency of the solution increased after irradiation. High-performance liquid chromatography fractionation of the photolyzed solution followed by in vitro testing of fractions allowed the quantitation of the estrogenic potency of each fraction. Nine photoproducts were detected and characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupling. The observed estrogenic activity is mediated by mono- and multi-hydroxylated photoproducts; it is influenced by the position of hydroxyl groups on the steroidal skeleton. In addition, a structure-activity analysis of the hydroxylated photoproducts confirmed their ability to act as estrogen receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Souissi
- École Polytechnique, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, CNRS, route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France,
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150
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Li Y, Zhang C, Li S, Zhou C, Li X. Single and competitive adsorption of 17α-ethinylestradiol and bisphenol A with estrone, β-estradiol, and estriol onto sediment. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:1349-60. [PMID: 24608971 PMCID: PMC3967214 DOI: 10.3390/md12031349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The competitive adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) and17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) with different endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as estrone (E1), β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) was investigated in the water-sediment system. The primary and interaction effects of coexisted EDCs on the adsorption of BPA and EE2 were studied in binary and multiple systems. The adsorption selectivity of sediment at different initial concentrations of EDCs was also considered, based on the distribution coefficient (β). In binary systems, coexisted EDCs exhibited a positive effect on the adsorption of BPA, while E3 showed a negative effect on the adsorption of EE2. In ternary systems, the interaction of E1*E3 and E2*BPA showed a synergistic effect on the sorption of BPA and EE2, respectively. In quaternary systems, the interaction of E1*E2*E3 showed a synergistic effect on the adsorption of both BPA and EE2. In the quinary system, coexisted EDCs all showed an antagonistic effect on the adsorption of BPA and EE2, which indicated that the coexisted EDCs competed for adsorption with BPA and EE2. EDCs in the E2-EE2-BPA system presented a superior selectivity of sediment with β values of 43.48–87.86. The order of sediment selectivity (E1 > EE2 > E2 > E3 > BPA) in binary systems was in agreement with EDCs’ adsorption capacity, which suggested that the adsorption was dominated by partition adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Resources and Environmental Research Academy, MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, No. 2, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (Z.C.); (L.X.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-6177-3886
| | - Chen Zhang
- Resources and Environmental Research Academy, MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, No. 2, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (Z.C.); (L.X.)
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Changzhi Zhou
- Resources and Environmental Research Academy, MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, No. 2, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (Z.C.); (L.X.)
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Resources and Environmental Research Academy, MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, No. 2, Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (Z.C.); (L.X.)
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