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Effect of Cytomegalovirus on the Immune System: Implications for Aging and Mental Health. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 61:181-214. [PMID: 35871707 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major modulator of the immune system leading to long-term changes in T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells among others. Perhaps because of this immunomodulatory capacity, HCMV infection has been linked with a host of deleterious effects including accelerated immune aging (premature mortality, increased expression of immunosenescence-linked markers, telomere shortening, speeding-up of epigenetic "clocks"), decreased vaccine immunogenicity, and greater vulnerability to infectious diseases (e.g., tuberculosis) or infectious disease-associated pathology (e.g., HIV). Perhaps not surprisingly given the long co-evolution between HCMV and humans, the virus has also been associated with beneficial effects, such as increased vaccine responsiveness, heterologous protection against infections, and protection against relapse in the context of leukemia. Here, we provide an overview of this literature. Ultimately, we focus on one other deleterious effect of HCMV, namely the emerging literature suggesting that HCMV plays a pathophysiological role in psychiatric illness, particularly depression and schizophrenia. We discuss this literature through the lens of psychological stress and inflammation, two well-established risk factors for psychiatric illness that are also known to predispose to reactivation of HCMV.
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102
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Chen S, Fan F, Xuan FL, Yan L, Xiu M, Fan H, Cui Y, Zhang P, Yu T, Yang F, Tian B, Hong LE, Tan Y, Tian L. Monocytic Subsets Impact Cerebral Cortex and Cognition: Differences Between Healthy Subjects and Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900284. [PMID: 35898501 PMCID: PMC9309358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are a highly heterogeneous population subcategorized into classical, intermediate and nonclassical subsets. How monocytes and their subsets may shape brain structures and functions in schizophrenia remains unclear. The primary goal of this cross-sectional study was to investigate monocytic subsets and their specific signature genes in regulation of cerebral cortical thickness and cognitive functions in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients. Whole-blood RNA sequencing of 128 FES patients and 111 healthy controls (HCs) were conducted and monocyte-specific differentially expressed genes were further analyzed. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) test, cortical neuroimaging and flow cytometric staining of peripheral blood monocytic subsets were performed among the participants. Significant changes in expressions of 54 monocytic signature genes were found in patients, especially for intermediate and nonclassical monocytic subsets with the most outstanding alterations being downregulated S100 Calcium Binding Protein A (S100A) and upregulated Interferon Induced Transmembrane Protein (IFITM) family members, respectively. Meanwhile, percentage of blood nonclassical monocytes was decreased in patients. Cortical thicknesses and MCCB performance were expectantly reduced and weaker intra-relationships among monocytic signature genes and cortices, respectively, were noted in patients compared to HCs. Monocytic genes were negatively associated with both cortical thicknesses and cognition in HCs, which was interestingly weakened or even reversed in patients, with nonclassical monocytic genes showing the greatest statistical significance. This study reveals that while monocytes may have negative effects on brain structure and cognition, the ameliorated phenomenon observed in schizophrenia may reflect an (mal)adaptive change of monocytes at early stage of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Ling Xuan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ling Yan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhen Fan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baopeng Tian
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Tian, ; Yunlong Tan,
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- *Correspondence: Li Tian, ; Yunlong Tan,
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103
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Li C, Yan Y. Afternoon Napping Durations in Chinese Population Over 60 Years Old: Longitudinal Associations With Cognitive Performance. Front Public Health 2022; 10:911498. [PMID: 35874996 PMCID: PMC9302202 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.911498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies indicated inconsistent associations between daytime napping and cognitive decline. This study aimed to examine the associations between self-reported changes in napping and longitudinal cognitive performance. Methods A national representative sample of 4,024 participants over 60 was obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018. Afternoon napping and potential factors were collected by a questionnaire. Cognitive performance was assessed on three aspects. The generalized additive models and generalized estimating equations were used to examine relationships between daytime napping and longitudinal global cognition, and generalized linear models were used to examine the longitudinal associations between change in napping at four waves and cognition in wave 4. Results After controlling the potential confounders, participants with afternoon napping were significantly related to better global cognition than no nappers at baseline. A change from short napping to no/long napping was associated with worse cognitive performance (β = −2.593, P < 0.001). A move from no napping to short/long napping was also associated with lower cognition scores (β = −0.694, P < 0.001). For participants with moderate napping, a >30 min increase (β = −1.558, P < 0.001) in afternoon napping was associated with worse cognitive function in wave 4. Conclusion We observed that adults over 60 years old with napping <30 min per day may be at lower risk of cognitive decline. Change in napping, especially a move to extreme napping would be a risk marker underlying health conditions that impact cognition or go along with cognitive decline.
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Knight JM, Taylor MR, Rentscher KE, Henley EC, Uttley HA, Nelson AM, Turcotte LM, McAndrew NS, Amonoo HL, Mohanraj L, Kelly DL, Costanzo ES. Biobehavioral Implications of Covid-19 for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Recipients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877558. [PMID: 35865530 PMCID: PMC9295749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature has emphasized the importance of biobehavioral processes - defined as the interaction of behavior, psychology, socioenvironmental factors, and biological processes - for clinical outcomes among transplantation and cellular therapy (TCT) patients. TCT recipients are especially vulnerable to distress associated with pandemic conditions and represent a notably immunocompromised group at greater risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection with substantially worse outcomes. The summation of both the immunologic and psychologic vulnerability of TCT patients renders them particularly susceptible to adverse biobehavioral sequelae associated with the Covid-19 pandemic. Stress and adverse psychosocial factors alter neural and endocrine pathways through sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis signaling that ultimately affect gene regulation in immune cells. Reciprocally, global inflammation and immune dysregulation related to TCT contribute to dysregulation of neuroendocrine and central nervous system function, resulting in the symptom profile of depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. In this article, we draw upon literature on immunology, psychology, neuroscience, hematology and oncology, Covid-19 pathophysiology, and TCT processes to discuss how they may intersect to influence TCT outcomes, with the goal of providing an overview of the significance of biobehavioral factors in understanding the relationship between Covid-19 and TCT, now and for the future. We discuss the roles of depression, anxiety, fatigue, sleep, social isolation and loneliness, and neurocognitive impairment, as well as specific implications for sub-populations of interest, including pediatrics, caregivers, and TCT donors. Finally, we address protective psychological processes that may optimize biobehavioral outcomes affected by Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Knight
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Mallory R. Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Palliative Care and Resilience Program, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kelly E. Rentscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Elisabeth C. Henley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Hannah A. Uttley
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ashley M. Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lucie M. Turcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Natalie S. McAndrew
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Froedtert Hospital, Froedtert & The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Hermioni L. Amonoo
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lathika Mohanraj
- Department of Adult Health and Nursing Systems, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Debra Lynch Kelly
- Department of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Cancer Population Science, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Erin S. Costanzo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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105
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Boaventura P, Jaconiano S, Ribeiro F. Yoga and Qigong for Health: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12070222. [PMID: 35877292 PMCID: PMC9312231 DOI: 10.3390/bs12070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yoga and qigong are ancient mind–body practices used in the East for thousands of years to promote inner peace and mental clarity. Both share breathing techniques and slow movements and are being used as alternative/complementary approaches to the management of disease, especially chronic problems with no effective conventional treatments. However, information comparing the health benefits of both approaches is scarce, and the choice between yoga or qigong practice may only depend on patients’ preferences or practice availability. The aim of the present paper was to overview yoga and qigong use for health benefits under different pathological conditions. Yoga and qigong seem to have similar effects, which might be expected, since both are similar mind–body approaches with the same concept of vital life-force energy and the practice of meditative movements. Problematic research issues within the literature on yoga and qigong are the small sample sizes, use of different styles, significant variance in practice duration and frequency, short duration of intervention effects, and the usage of a non-active control group, thus emphasizing the need for further high-quality randomized trials. Studies comparing yoga and qigong are warranted in order to assess differences/similarities between the two approaches for health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Boaventura
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP—Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Sónia Jaconiano
- EAAD—School of Architecture Art and Design, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Filipa Ribeiro
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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106
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The impact of perceived stress on the hair follicle: Towards solving a psychoneuroendocrine and neuroimmunological puzzle. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:101008. [PMID: 35660551 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While popular belief harbors little doubt that perceived stress can cause hair loss and premature graying, the scientific evidence for this is arguably much thinner. Here, we investigate whether these phenomena are real, and show that the cyclic growth and pigmentation of the hair follicle (HF) provides a tractable model system for dissecting how perceived stress modulates aspects of human physiology. Local production of stress-associated neurohormones and neurotrophins coalesces with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released from HF-associated sensory and autonomic nerve endings, forming a complex local stress-response system that regulates perifollicular neurogenic inflammation, interacts with the HF microbiome and controls mitochondrial function. This local system integrates into the central stress response systems, allowing the study of systemic stress responses affecting organ function by quantifying stress mediator content of hair. Focusing on selected mediators in this "brain-HF axis" under stress conditions, we distill general principles of HF dysfunction induced by perceived stress.
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107
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Joseph PL. Managing health in inequitable contexts: Health capacities as integral to life course health development. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:145-168. [PMID: 35653299 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Health behavior models are widely used in prevention research with children and adolescents; yet, many of these models were developed based on adult experiences and fail to consider the development of health constructs. The concept of health capacity development is a theoretical model of how health capacities, the health-related developmental sociocultural resources individuals use to regulate their coactions with their environments to sustain health, develop. Health capacities are formed through person-environment transactions and thus, are informed by, and help individuals manage, the opportunities and constraints situated in their environments. The extent to which health capacities support long-term adaptive health development varies; yet, health capacities may be leveraged for adaptative functioning. Grounded in the Life Course Health Development (LCHD) framework and the principles of Relational Developmental Systems (RDS) metatheory, the development of three health capacities, their role in managing person-environment coactions, and their potential for facilitating displays of resilient functioning in inequitable contexts are described. Implications of the model, its limitations, and avenues for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrece L Joseph
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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108
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Insomnia, sleep loss, and circadian sleep disturbances in mood disorders: a pathway toward neurodegeneration and neuroprogression? A theoretical review. CNS Spectr 2022; 27:298-308. [PMID: 33427150 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852921000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present paper aims at reviewing and commenting on the relationships between sleep and circadian phasing alterations and neurodegenerative/neuroprogressive processes in mood disorder. We carried out a systematic review, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase electronic databases for literature related to mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and neurodegenerative/neuroprogressive processes in relation to (1) neuroinflammation, (2) activation of the stress system, (3) oxidative stress, (4) accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, and (5) neuroprotection deficit. Seventy articles were collectively selected and analyzed. Experimental and clinical studies revealed that insomnia, conditions of sleep loss, and altered circadian sleep may favor neurodegeneration and neuroprogression in mood disorders. These sleep disturbances may induce a state of chronic inflammation by enhancing neuroinflammation, both directly and indirectly, via microglia and astrocytes activation. They may act as neurobiological stressors that by over-activating the stress system may negatively influence neural plasticity causing neuronal damage. In addition, sleep disturbances may favor the accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, favor oxidative stress, and a deficit in neuroprotection hence contributing to neurodegeneration and neuroprogression. Targeting sleep disturbances in the clinical practice may hold a neuroprotective value for mood disorders.
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109
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Song J, Wei L, Cheng K, Lin Q, Xia P, Wang X, Wang X, Yang T, Chen B, Ding A, Sun M, Chen A, Li X. The Effect of Modified Tai Chi Exercises on the Physical Function and Quality of Life in Elderly Women With Knee Osteoarthritis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:860762. [PMID: 35721018 PMCID: PMC9204295 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.860762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the leading cause of pain and stiffness, affecting older adults’ physical function and quality of life. As a form of mind-body exercise, Tai Chi has been recommended as an exercise prescription for KOA patients. This study examined the effects and continuation of modified Tai Chi exercises on physical function and quality of life in elderly women with KOA. Methods We conducted a single-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) on 40 older women with KOA. The participants were randomized to a 12 weeks Tai Chi or control group. The Tai Chi group attended a kind of modified Tai Chi training sessions three times per week; the control group attended wellness education sessions once a week. The primary outcome was the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Secondary outcomes were the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality of Index (PSQI), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results After the 12-weeks the Tai Chi group showed significan improvement in the WOMAC pain (mean difference, −5.09 points, p = 0.001), WOMAC stiffness (mean difference, −3.60 points, p = 0.002), WOMAC physical function (mean difference, −11.21 points, p = 0.001) compared to the control group. In addition, the Tai Chi group had also significant improvement in the BBS (mean difference, 1.70 points, p = 0.008), TUG (mean difference, −0.52s, p = 0.001), SF-36PCS (mean difference, 7.60 points, p = 0.001), MCS (mean difference, 7.30 points, p = 0.001), PSQI (mean difference, −3.71 points, p = 0.001), SDS (mean difference, −5.37 points, p = 0.025) and SAS (mean difference, −5.06 points, p = 0.002). Conclusion The modified Tai Chi exercises are an effective treatment for improved physical function and quality of life in elderly women with KOA. Clinical Trial Registration The trial was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000040721), http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=65419&htm=4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulong Song
- Department of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Wei
- Maigaoqiao Community Health Service Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoyi Chen
- Maigaoqiao Community Health Service Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Aimei Ding
- Maigaoqiao Community Health Service Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyi Sun
- Department of Tourism and Social Management, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anliang Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Anliang Chen Xueping Li
| | - Xueping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Anliang Chen Xueping Li
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110
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Berisha A, Shutkind K, Borniger JC. Sleep Disruption and Cancer: Chicken or the Egg? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:856235. [PMID: 35663547 PMCID: PMC9160986 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.856235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a nearly ubiquitous phenomenon across the phylogenetic tree, highlighting its essential role in ensuring fitness across evolutionary time. Consequently, chronic disruption of the duration, timing, or structure of sleep can cause widespread problems in multiple physiological systems, including those that regulate energy balance, immune function, and cognitive capacity, among others. Many, if not all these systems, become altered throughout the course of cancer initiation, growth, metastatic spread, treatment, and recurrence. Recent work has demonstrated how changes in sleep influence the development of chronic diseases, including cancer, in both humans and animal models. A common finding is that for some cancers (e.g., breast), chronic disruption of sleep/wake states prior to disease onset is associated with an increased risk for cancer development. Additionally, sleep disruption after cancer initiation is often associated with worse outcomes. Recently, evidence suggesting that cancer itself can affect neuronal circuits controlling sleep and wakefulness has accumulated. Patients with cancer often report difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, and severe fatigue, during and even years after treatment. In addition to the psychological stress associated with cancer, cancer itself may alter sleep homeostasis through changes to host physiology and via currently undefined mechanisms. Moreover, cancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal, and surgical) may further worsen sleep problems through complex biological processes yet to be fully understood. This results in a "chicken or the egg" phenomenon, where it is unclear whether sleep disruption promotes cancer or cancer reciprocally disrupts sleep. This review will discuss existing evidence for both hypotheses and present a framework through which the interactions between sleep and cancer can be dissociated and causally investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Berisha
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
| | - Kyle Shutkind
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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111
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Cattaneo M, Halasz G, Cattaneo MM, Younes A, Gallino C, Sudano I, Gallino A. The Central Nervous System and Psychosocial Factors in Primary Microvascular Angina. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:896042. [PMID: 35647077 PMCID: PMC9136057 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.896042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with ischemia without obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) comprise the group of patients with primary microvascular angina (MVA). The pathophysiology underlying ischemia and angina is multifaceted. Differences in vascular tone, collateralization, environmental and psychosocial factors, pain thresholds, and cardiac innervation seem to contribute to clinical manifestations. There is evidence suggesting potential interactions between the clinical manifestations of MVA and non-cardiac conditions such as abnormal function of the central autonomic network (CAN) in the central nervous system (CNS), pain modulation pathways, and psychological, psychiatric, and social conditions. A few unconventional non-pharmacological and pharmacological techniques targeting these psychosocial conditions and modulating the CNS pathways have been proposed to improve symptoms and quality of life. Most of these unconventional approaches have shown encouraging results. However, these results are overall characterized by low levels of evidence both in observational studies and interventional trials. Awareness of the importance of microvascular dysfunction and MVA is gradually growing in the scientific community. Nonetheless, therapeutic success remains frustratingly low in clinical practice so far. This should promote basic and clinical research in this relevant cardiovascular field investigating, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Standardization of definitions, clear pathophysiological-directed inclusion criteria, crossover design, adequate sample size, and mid-term follow-up through multicenter randomized trials are mandatory for future study in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Cattaneo
- Cardiology Department, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
- Human Medicine Department, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Hospital of San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Mattia Cattaneo ;
| | - Geza Halasz
- Heart Failure Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Azienda unità sanitaria locale (AUSL) Piacenza, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Magdalena Maria Cattaneo
- Human Medicine Department, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Hospital of San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Adel Younes
- Cardiology Department, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Gallino
- Human Medicine Department, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Hospital of San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Sudano
- Human Medicine Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Augusto Gallino
- Human Medicine Department, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Hospital of San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Human Medicine Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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112
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Occean JR, Wani AH, Donglasan J, Aiello AE, Galea S, Koenen KC, Qu A, Wildman DE, Uddin M. DNA methylation of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 1 mediates the prospective relation between exposure to different traumatic event types and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114510. [PMID: 35349860 PMCID: PMC9018623 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms through which exposure to differing trauma types become biologically embedded to shape the risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unclear. DNA methylation (5-mC), particularly in stress-relevant genes, may play a role in this relationship. Here, we conducted path analysis using generalized structural equation modeling to investigate whether blood-derived 5-mC in Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 1 (NFATC1) mediates the prospective association between each of five different trauma types ("assaultive violence", "other injury or shocking experience", "learning of trauma to loved one", "sudden, unexpected death of a close friend or relative", and "other") and lifetime PTSD. All five trauma types were significantly associated with reduced methylation at NFATC1 CpG site, cg17057218. Two of the five trauma types were significantly associated with increased methylation at NFATC1 CpG site, cg22324981. Moreover, methylation at cg17057218 significantly mediated 21-32% of the total effect for four of the five trauma types, while methylation at cg22324981 mediated 27-40% of the total effect for two of the five trauma types. These CpG sites were differentially associated with transcription factor binding sites and chromatin state signatures. NFATC1 5-mC may be a potential mechanism in the relationship between some trauma types and prospective risk for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Occean
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Present address: Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Agaz H Wani
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Janelle Donglasan
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit & Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annie Qu
- Department of Statistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Derek E Wildman
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Monica Uddin
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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113
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Radmanish M, Khalfallah O, Glaichenhaus N, Forhan A, Heude B, Charles MA, Davidovic L, Plancoulaine S. Sleep duration trajectories associated with levels of specific serum cytokines at age 5: A longitudinal study in preschoolers from the EDEN birth cohort. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 21:100429. [PMID: 35243407 PMCID: PMC8881417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is essential for optimal child development and health during the life course. However, sleep disturbances are common in early childhood and increase the risk of cognitive, metabolic and inflammatory disorders throughout life. Sleep and immunity are mutually linked, and cytokines secreted by immune cells could mediate this interaction. The sleep modulation of cytokines has been studied mostly in adults and adolescents; few studies have focused on school-aged children and none on preschoolers. We hypothesized that night sleep duration affects cytokine levels in preschoolers. In a sample of 687 children from the EDEN French birth cohort, we studied the associations between night sleep duration trajectories from age to 2–5 years old and serum concentrations of four cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], Interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-10, Interferon γ [IFN)-γ] at age 5, adjusting for relevant covariates. As compared with the reference trajectory (≈11h30/night sleep, 37.4% of children), a shorter sleep duration trajectory (<10 h/night, 4.5% of children), and changing sleep duration trajectory (≥11h30/night then 10h30/night, 5.6% of children) were associated with higher serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, respectively at age 5. We found no associations between sleep duration trajectories and IL-10 or IFN-γ levels. This first longitudinal study among children aged 2–5 years old suggests an impact of sleep duration on immune activity in early childhood. Our study warrants replication studies in larger cohorts to further explore whether and how immune activity interacts with sleep trajectories to enhance susceptibility to adverse health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olfa Khalfallah
- Université Cote d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Nicolas Glaichenhaus
- Université Cote d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Anne Forhan
- Université de Paris, CRESS, Inserm, INRAE, F-75004 Paris, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris, CRESS, Inserm, INRAE, F-75004 Paris, France
| | | | - Laetitia Davidovic
- Université Cote d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Sabine Plancoulaine
- Université de Paris, CRESS, Inserm, INRAE, F-75004 Paris, France
- Corresponding author. INSERM U1153, Team 6 EAROH, Address: 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France.
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114
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Rentscher KE, Carroll JE, Polsky LR, Lamkin DM. Chronic stress increases transcriptomic indicators of biological aging in mouse bone marrow leukocytes. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 22:100461. [PMID: 35481228 PMCID: PMC9035650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Research with animals and humans has demonstrated that chronic stress exposure can impact key biological aging pathways such as inflammation and DNA damage, suggesting a mechanism through which stress may increase risk for age-related disease. However, it is less clear whether these effects extend to other hallmarks of the aging process, such as cellular senescence. Male SCID mice were exposed to 14 days of restraint stress, with (n = 6) or without (n = 10) propranolol administration, or a non-stress control condition (n = 10). Normal femoral bone marrow leukocytes were isolated from engrafted leukemia cells that had been injected prior to the stressor, as the mice were also under a cancer challenge. We performed whole genome transcriptional profiling to assess indicators of biological aging: cell stress, DNA damage repair, cellular senescence markers p16INK4a and p21, and the pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). ANCOVAs that adjusted for tumor load and Fisher's pairwise comparisons revealed that stressed mice had enhanced p16INK4a (p = .02) and p21 (p = .004), lower DNA damage repair (p < .001), and higher SASP (p = .03) gene expression than control mice. Stressed mice also showed up-regulated beta-adrenergic (CREB) and inflammatory (NF-кB, AP-1) and down-regulated cell stress (Nrf2) transcription factor activity relative to control mice (ps < .01). Propranolol reversed CREB and Nrf2 activity (ps < .03). Findings suggest that chronic stress exposure can impact several key biological aging pathways within bone marrow leukocytes and these effects may be partially mediated by sympathetic beta-adrenergic receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Rentscher
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 1000 N. 92nd St., Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Judith E. Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lilian R. Polsky
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Donald M. Lamkin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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115
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Li R, Chen Y, Zhao A, Huang L, Long Z, Kang W, Yin Y, Tong S, Guo Y, Li S. Exploring genetic association of insomnia with allergic disease and asthma: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Respir Res 2022; 23:84. [PMID: 35392909 PMCID: PMC8991606 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insomnia is highly prevalent among patients with allergic disease and asthma; however, few studies have investigated their causal relationship. We aim to explore the causal association between insomnia and allergic disease/asthma by performing bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods Instrumental variables were constructed using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Summary statistics for insomnia, allergic disease, and asthma were obtained from four large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry. The pleiotropy analysis was applied by using the MR-Egger intercept test and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test. MR analyses were conducted by using inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger method. Results Based on the multiplicative random effects IVW method, the MR analysis showed that genetically predicted insomnia was causally associated with an increased risk of allergic disease [odds ratio (OR) = 1.054, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.031–1.078, P = 3.817 × 10–06], asthma (OR = 1.043, 95% CI = 1.010–1.077, P = 9.811 × 10–03), moderate-severe asthma (OR = 1.168, 95% CI = 1.069–1.277, P = 6.234 × 10–04), and adult-onset asthma (OR = 1.086, 95% CI = 1.037–1.138, P = 4.922 × 10–04). In bidirectional analyses, we did not find evidence supporting the reverse causality relations. Conclusions Our MR study suggested that genetically predicted insomnia was the risk factor for allergic disease and asthma. Improving sleep quality could be one of the cornerstones in the prevention of allergic disease and asthma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02009-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Anda Zhao
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zichong Long
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenhui Kang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yongmei Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shenghui Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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116
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Sobhani V, Manshadi Mokari E, Aghajani J, Hatef B. Islamic praying changes stress-related hormones and genes. J Med Life 2022; 15:483-488. [PMID: 35646186 PMCID: PMC9126458 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Islamic praying (Namaz) can be considered a mental, spiritual, and physical practice. The study aimed to investigate the early effect of Namaz on stress-related hormones and the expression of stress-induced genes such as IL6 and BDNF. Eighty-three healthy women and men who continually practice Namaz participated in the study. The saliva samples were taken before and after Namaz to measure cortisol and alpha-amylase hormone levels. Also, to evaluate the expression of BDNF and IL6 genes, 11 specimens were selected randomly. Based on baseline sampling, the participants were classified into three groups: cortisol levels lower than 5, between 5-15, and upper than 15 ng/ml. The results indicated that cortisol significantly increased and decreased in the first and third groups after Namaz, respectively. In addition, the increase of alpha-amylase also occurred in subjects with a low baseline level of its concentration. Regarding genetic expression examination, there was a significant decrease in BDNF gene expression after the Namaz. In addition, the change of cortisol and alpha-amylase hormones after Namaz related to the baseline level changed to approach the optimal range after Namaz. These findings were reported for the first time and need more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Manshadi Mokari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Aghajani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Marvdasht, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Boshra Hatef
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Boshra Hatef, Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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117
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Fisher AJ, Howe E, Zong ZY. Unsupervised clustering of autonomic temporal networks in clinically distressed and psychologically healthy individuals. Behav Res Ther 2022; 154:104105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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118
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Bottaccioli AG, Bologna M, Bottaccioli F. Psychic Life-Biological Molecule Bidirectional Relationship: Pathways, Mechanisms, and Consequences for Medical and Psychological Sciences-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3932. [PMID: 35409300 PMCID: PMC8999976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, it is possible to investigate the biological paths and mechanisms that link mental life to biological life. Emotions, feelings, desires, and cognitions influence biological systems. In recent decades, psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology research has highlighted the routes linking the psyche-brain-immune systems. Recently, epigenetics research has shown the molecular mechanisms by which stress and mental states modulate the information contained in the genome. This research shapes a new paradigm considering the human being as a whole, integrating biology and psychology. This will allow us to progress towards personalized precision medicine, deeply changing medical and psychological sciences and clinical practice. In this paper, we recognize leading research on both bidirectional relations between the psyche-brain-immunity and molecular consequences of psychological and mental states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giulia Bottaccioli
- Department of Psychology, University “Vita e Salute”, San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Italian Society of Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunology (SIPNEI), 00195 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Mauro Bologna
- Italian Society of Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunology (SIPNEI), 00195 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Bottaccioli
- Italian Society of Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunology (SIPNEI), 00195 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Brown HK, Barrett K, Scime NV. Perinatal mental illness and maternal autoimmune disease: A review of current evidence and avenues for future research. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100975. [PMID: 34968632 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes evidence on the association between perinatal mental illness and maternal autoimmune disease and identifies avenues for future research. Perinatal mental illness has several characteristics in common with autoimmune disease, including increased incidence in the early postpartum period, recurrence across pregnancies, evidence of elevated immune-mediated cytokines, and familial risk, as well as the general predominance of mental illness in females versus males. Several studies have demonstrated elevated risk of maternal autoimmune disease in women with perinatal mental illness, and of perinatal mental illness in those with autoimmune dysfunction, suggesting a bi-directional relationship. Further research is needed to elucidate the importance of the specific diagnosis, severity, and timing of perinatal mental illness and specific diagnosis of autoimmune disease, as well as the relative importance of perinatal versus non-perinatal mental illness. Such research could have implications for prevention, treatment, and follow-up of perinatal mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K Brown
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kathryn Barrett
- Library, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie V Scime
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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120
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Iyer HS, Hart JE, James P, Elliott EG, DeVille NV, Holmes MD, De Vivo I, Mucci LA, Laden F, Rebbeck TR. Impact of neighborhood socioeconomic status, income segregation, and greenness on blood biomarkers of inflammation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107164. [PMID: 35255255 PMCID: PMC8985077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood deprivation is linked with inflammation, which may explain poorer health across populations. Behavioral risk factors are assumed to largely mediate these relationships, but few studies have examined this. We examined three neighborhood contextual factors that could exert direct effects on inflammation: (1) neighborhood socioeconomic status, (2) an index of concentration at extremes (that measures segregation), and (3) surrounding vegetation (greenness). METHODS Using blood samples and addresses collected from prospective cohorts of 7,930 male (1990-1994) and 16,183 female (1986-1990) health professionals with at least one inflammatory marker, we prospectively linked neighborhood contextual factors to inflammatory biomarkers (adiponectin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2). Log-transformed, z-scaled component measures were used to calculate an inflammation score. Neighborhood socioeconomic status and index of concentration of extremes were obtained from the 1990 decennial census and linked to participant addresses. Surrounding greenness was assessed from satellite data and focal statistics were applied to generate exposures within 270 m and 1230 m of the participants' address. We fit multiple linear regression models adjusting for demographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors. RESULTS Higher neighborhood socioeconomic status was associated with lower inflammation score in women (β for interquartile range increase = -27.7%, 95% CI: -34.9%, -19.8%) and men (β = -21.2%, 95% CI: -31.0%, -10.1%). Similarly, participants in neighborhoods with higher concentrations of high-income households were associated with lower inflammation score in women (β = -27.8%, 95% CI: -35.8%, -18.7%) and men (β = -16.4%, 95% CI: -29.7%, -0.56%). Surrounding greenness within 270 m of each participant's address was associated with lower inflammation score in women (β = -18.9%, 95% CI: -28.9%, -7.4%) but not men. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses to assess unmeasured confounding and selection bias. DISCUSSION Our findings support the hypothesis that adverse neighborhood environments may contribute to inflammation through pathways independent of behavioral risk factors, including psychosocial stress and toxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari S Iyer
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare, Boston, USA
| | - Elise G Elliott
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Nicole V DeVille
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Michelle D Holmes
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Rostami H, Parastouei K, Samadi M, Taghdir M, Eskandari E. Adherence to the MIND dietary pattern and sleep quality, sleep related outcomes and mental health in male adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:167. [PMID: 35248010 PMCID: PMC8898400 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of studies have investigated the association of the Mediterranean and DASH diets with psychological health as well as sleep related outcomes. However, only a few number of studies have examined the association of their newly proposed hybrid, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) dietary pattern, with sleep quality and sleep related outcomes. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 male health professions (mean age 38.67 years). Dietary information was collected using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The MIND score was computed based on major dietary components emphasized or minimized in this pattern. The higher the MIND score of a subject, the greater his adherence to the MIND pattern. Mental health was evaluated using the 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. Sleep-related outcomes (day-time sleepiness and insomnia) were also evaluated using standard questionnaires RESULTS: No significant associations were found between adherence to the MIND diet score and odds of stress, anxiety and depression either in the crude or multivariable-adjusted models (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, participants with the greatest adherence to the MIND diet had lower odds of poor sleep quality (OR for T3 vs. T1: 0.56 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.92), P-trend = 0.023). The results remained significant after full adjustment for confounding variables (P-trend = 0.042). Participants in the highest tertile of MIND diet had a 42% lower odds of daytime sleepiness in the crude and multivariable-adjusted model (P-trend < 0.05). Although no significant association was observed between adherence to the MIND diet and severity of insomnia in the crude model (P-trend = 0.055), the multivariable-adjusted model showed that the highest adherence to the MIND diet was associated with lower odds of insomnia (OR for T3 vs. T1: 0.54 (95% CI: 0.31, 0.93), P-trend = 0.031). CONCLUSION While no significant associations were found between adherence to the MIND diet and stress, anxiety and depression, greater adherence to the MIND diet were associated with lower odds of poor sleep quality and sleep-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Rostami
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XHealth Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XPresent Address: Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghdir
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XHealth Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eslam Eskandari
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XHealth Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Meier TB, Savitz J. The Kynurenine Pathway in Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Psychiatric Outcomes. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:449-458. [PMID: 34266671 PMCID: PMC8630076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders, especially depression and anxiety. However, the mechanistic pathways underlying this risk remain unclear, limiting treatment options and hindering the identification of clinically useful biomarkers. One salient pathophysiological process implicated in both primary psychiatric disorders and TBI is inflammation. An important consequence of inflammation is the increased breakdown of tryptophan to kynurenine and, subsequently, the metabolism of kynurenine into several neuroactive metabolites, including the neurotoxic NMDA receptor agonist quinolinic acid and the neuroprotective NMDA receptor antagonist kynurenic acid. Here, we review studies of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in TBI and examine their potential clinical implications. The weight of the literature suggests that there is increased production of neurotoxic kynurenines such as quinolinic acid in TBI of all severities and that elevated quinolinic acid concentrations in both the cerebrospinal fluid and blood are a negative prognostic indicator, being associated with death, magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, increased depressive and anxiety symptoms, and prolonged recovery. We hypothesize that an imbalance in KP metabolism is also one molecular pathway through which the TBI-induced neurometabolic cascade may predispose to the development of psychiatric sequelae. If this model is correct, KP metabolites could serve to predict who is likely to develop psychiatric illness while drugs that target the KP could help to prevent or treat depression and anxiety arising in the context of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B. Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,Corresponding author: Timothy Meier, PhD, 414-955-7310, , Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma,Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
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Carroll JE, Bower JE, Ganz PA. Cancer-related accelerated ageing and biobehavioural modifiers: a framework for research and clinical care. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:173-187. [PMID: 34873313 PMCID: PMC9974153 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that patients with cancer who receive cytotoxic treatments (such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy) have an increased risk of accelerated physical and cognitive ageing. Furthermore, accelerated biological ageing is a suspected driving force behind many of these observed effects. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms of biological ageing and how they apply to patients with cancer. We highlight the important role of specific behavioural factors, namely stress, sleep and lifestyle-related factors such as physical activity, weight management, diet and substance use, in the accelerated ageing of patients with cancer and cancer survivors. We also present a framework of how modifiable behaviours could operate to either increase the risk of accelerated ageing, provide protection, or promote resilience at both the biological level and in terms of patient-reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Carroll
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behaviour, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behaviour, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Titanji BK, Tejani M, Farber EW, Mehta CC, Pace TW, Meagley K, Gavegnano C, Harrison T, Kokubun CW, Negi SD, Schinazi RF, Marconi VC. Cognitively Based Compassion Training for HIV Immune Nonresponders-An Attention-Placebo Randomized Controlled Trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 89:340-348. [PMID: 34879006 PMCID: PMC8837678 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic inflammation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality for people with HIV (PWH). Psychological stress is an important contributor to this chronic inflammation. We hypothesized that a cognitively based compassion training (CBCT) approach could reduce inflammation and psychological stress in immune nonresponder PWH. DESIGN An attention-placebo randomized controlled trial design to evaluate the acceptability of CBCT among PWH and its effects on key aspects of stress and immune function compared with an active-attention control group (NCT02395289). METHODS This study was conducted at an HIV clinic in Atlanta, Georgia. Eligible individuals determined by (1) adherence to antiretroviral therapy for at least a year, (2) virologic suppression; and (3) stable CD4+ T-cell counts <350 cells/μL were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either CBCT or control in 2 study periods: April-May, 2016, and September-December, 2016. Psychological measures and inflammatory biomarkers associated with HIV disease progression (IL-1β, TNF-α, sCD14, IL-6, and IL-10) were obtained for all study participants at baseline and at the time of study completion. RESULTS We found a significant association between CBCT practice time engagement and fold reduction in IL-6 and TNF-α levels. There was no association between CBCT practice time and other biomarkers markers assessed (IL-1β, sCD14, and IL-10). These changes were coincident with significant increases in self-reported psychological well-being and HIV disease acceptance and in benefits for CBCT participants. We also observed fewer instances of virologic failure for those in the CBCT arm compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS CBCT is a novel and feasible nonmedication-based intervention that could reduce inflammation and psychological stress in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boghuma K. Titanji
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mehul Tejani
- Division of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eugene W. Farber
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA
| | - C. Christina Mehta
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Thaddeus W. Pace
- Community and Systems Health Science Division, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ
| | - Kathryn Meagley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christina Gavegnano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Timothy Harrison
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Caroline W. Kokubun
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Satya Dev Negi
- Center for Contemplative Science and Compassion-Based Ethics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Quiroga-Centeno AC, Hoyos-Rizo K, Chaparro-Zaraza AF, Pinilla-Merchán PF, Pinilla Chávez MC, Serrano-Pastrana JP, Gómez Ochoa SA. Infección temprana de la malla quirúrgica en herniorrafia incisional. Incidencia, factores de riesgo y desenlaces en más de 60.000 pacientes. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CIRUGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.30944/20117582.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La infección de la malla en cirugía de reparación de hernias de pared abdominal es un desenlace pobre, asociado a un incremento en el riesgo de complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la incidencia, los factores asociados y desenlaces en pacientes llevados a herniorrafia incisional con malla con posterior diagnóstico de infección temprana.
Métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se utilizaron los datos de egresos hospitalarios de la National Inpatient Sample (NIS) de los Estados Unidos de América para identificar a todos los pacientes adultos llevados a herniorrafia incisional durante los años 2010 a 2015. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística bivariada y multivariada para evaluar los factores de riesgo en infección temprana de la malla, y finalmente, modelos de regresión logística y lineal, según el tipo de variable dependiente, de tipo stepwise forward para evaluar la asociación entre el diagnóstico de infección de malla y los desenlaces adversos.
Resultados. En total se incluyeron 63.925 pacientes. La incidencia de infección temprana de la malla fue de 0,59 %, encontrando como factores asociados: comorbilidades (obesidad, desnutrición proteico calórica, anemia carencial y depresión), factores clínico-quirúrgicos (adherencias peritoneales, resección intestinal, cirugía laparoscópica y complicaciones no infecciosas de la herida) y administrativos o asistenciales.
Conclusiones. La infección temprana, aunque infrecuente, se asocia con un aumento significativo en el riesgo de complicaciones. La optimización prequirúrgica con base en los factores de riesgo para este desenlace nefasto es un elemento clave para la reducción de la incidencia y mitigación del impacto de la infección en los pacientes con herniorrafía incisional con malla.
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Aversa-Marnai M, Castellano M, Quartiani I, Conijesky D, Perretta A, Villarino A, Silva-Álvarez V, Ferreira AM. Different response of Acipenser gueldenstaedtii CRP/SAP and SAA to bacterial challenge and chronic thermal stress sheds light on the innate immune system of sturgeons. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:404-417. [PMID: 34971737 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sturgeons are chondrostean fish critically endangered due to anthropogenic loss and degradation of natural habitat and overfishing for meat and caviar production. Consequently, sturgeon aquaculture has extensively developed lately, being Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) the second most important species reared for caviar production. However, Russian sturgeon aquaculture in subtropical countries, such as Uruguay, confronts difficulties because fish have to endure excessive summertime warm temperatures, which weaken their innate defences facilitating opportunistic infections. To address this problem, we look for identifying putative acute phase proteins (APPs), which might be robust serum biomarkers of both infection and chronic thermal stress, applied to monitoring Russian sturgeon health status in farms. We focused on the C-Reactive Protein/Serum Amyloid P (CRP/SAP) pentraxin since the pentraxin family includes well-known APPs, better characterised in mammals than fish. We identified A.gueldenstaedtii CRP/SAP (AgCRP/SAP), as a member of the universal CRP/SAP pentraxin sub-family, and studied AgCRP/SAP involvement in sturgeon response to bacterial challenge and chronic thermal stress, in comparison with A. gueldenstaedtii Serum Amyloid A (AgSAA), a previously described positive APP. Results showed that AgCRP/SAP is a constitutive serum component that remained constant upon Aeromonas hydrophila challenge and chronic thermal stress. Contrastingly, serum AgSAA was subjected to regulation by bacterial and thermal stress challenges, showing a 50-fold increase and 3-fold decline in serum levels, respectively. Overall, results highlight the potential value of AgSAA, but not of AgCRP/SAP, as a biomarker of bacterial infection and the need to continue searching for robust chronic thermal stress biomarkers in sturgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Aversa-Marnai
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Castellano
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Sección Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Quartiani
- Unidad de Patología, Biología y Cultivo de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, CP 11300, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Alejandro Perretta
- Unidad de Patología, Biología y Cultivo de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, CP 11300, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Villarino
- Sección Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Silva-Álvarez
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ana María Ferreira
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Xue XJ, Su R, Li ZF, Bu XO, Dang P, Yu SF, Wang ZX, Chen DM, Zeng TA, Liu M, Ma HL, Zhang DL. Oxygen Metabolism-induced Stress Response Underlies Heart-brain Interaction Governing Human Consciousness-breaking and Attention. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:166-180. [PMID: 34435318 PMCID: PMC8821743 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroscientists have emphasized visceral influences on consciousness and attention, but the potential neurophysiological pathways remain under exploration. Here, we found two neurophysiological pathways of heart-brain interaction based on the relationship between oxygen-transport by red blood cells (RBCs) and consciousness/attention. To this end, we collected a dataset based on the routine physical examination, the breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS) paradigm, and an attention network test (ANT) in 140 immigrants under the hypoxic Tibetan environment. We combined electroencephalography and multilevel mediation analysis to investigate the relationship between RBC properties and consciousness/attention. The results showed that RBC function, via two independent neurophysiological pathways, not only triggered interoceptive re-representations in the insula and awareness connected to orienting attention but also induced an immune response corresponding to consciousness and executive control. Importantly, consciousness played a fundamental role in executive function which might be associated with the level of perceived stress. These results indicated the important role of oxygen-transport in heart-brain interactions, in which the related stress response affected consciousness and executive control. The findings provide new insights into the neurophysiological schema of heart-brain interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Rui Su
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China
| | - Ze-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Bu
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China
| | - Peng Dang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China
| | - Si-Fang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China
| | - Dong-Mei Chen
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China
| | - Tong-Ao Zeng
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China
| | - Hai-Lin Ma
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China.
| | - De-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Lhasa, 850012, China.
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Lindsay EK, Inagaki TK, Walsh CP, Messay B, Ewing LJ, Marsland AL. Stress-Related Inflammation and Social Withdrawal in Mothers of a Child With Cancer: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:141-150. [PMID: 34935760 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute inflammation-induced sickness behavior involves changes in social behavior that are believed to promote recovery. Whether chronic inflammation can influence social behaviors in ways that promote recovery is unknown. In a sample of mothers of a child with cancer, this report explores the relationship between inflammation that accompanies the stress of diagnosis and changes in social network, cancer-related stress, and inflammation across 1 year. Three hypotheses tested whether a) initial levels of stress associate with initial levels of inflammation, b) initial levels of inflammation predict social network changes over time, and c) social network changes over time buffer changes in stress and inflammation over time. METHODS Cancer-related stress (Impact of Events Scale), social network (social roles and contacts from the Social Network Inventory), and systemic inflammation (circulating interleukin [IL]-6) were assessed in 120 mothers three times after their child's cancer diagnosis: after diagnosis (T1), 6-month follow-up (T2), and 12-month follow-up (T3). RESULTS Consistent with predictions, greater cancer-related stress after diagnosis (T1) was associated with higher IL-6 after diagnosis (T1; b = 0.014, standard error [SE] = 0.01, p = .008). In turn, higher IL-6 after diagnosis (T1) was associated with a decrease in social roles over time (T1 ➔ T3; B = -0.030, SE = 0.01, p = .041). Finally, dropping social roles over time (T1 ➔ T3) was associated with decreases in cancer-related stress (B = 25.44, SE = 12.31, p = .039) and slower increases in IL-6 (B = 1.06, SE = 0.52, p = .040) over time. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a first indication that chronic stress-related systemic inflammation may predict changes in social behavior that associate with stress recovery and slower increases in inflammation in the year after a major life stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Lindsay
- From the University of Pittsburgh (Lindsay, Walsh, Ewing, Marsland), Pittsburgh, Pennslvania; San Diego State University (Inagaki), San Diego, California; and Chalmers P. Wylie VA Ambulatory Care Center (Messay), Whitehall, Ohio
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Klyne DM, Barbe MF, Hodges PW. Relationship between systemic inflammation and recovery over 12 months after an acute episode of low back pain. Spine J 2022; 22:214-225. [PMID: 34547387 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Individual characteristics can influence outcomes after injury. Our previous work in individuals with early-acute low back pain (LBP) identified subgroups (clusters) with specific biopsychosocial features that recovered poorly or well by 6 months. PURPOSE This study extends on that work by revealing the short- and long-term trajectories of recovery and systemic inflammation of these participant clusters: (1) "inflammatory & poor sleep" (Cluster 1), "high TNF & depression" (Cluster 2), "high pain & high pain-related fear" (Cluster 3), and "low pain & low pain-related fear" (Cluster 4). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Longitudinal cohort study. PATIENT SAMPLE Eighty-three individuals within 2 weeks of an acute episode of LBP - grouped into their a priori-defined cluster. OUTCOME MEASURES General participant characteristics (sex, age, body mass index, smoking history, previous LBP history); self-reported LBP (0-10 numerical rating scale, LBP-related disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire), depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale), fear avoidance (Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire), pain self-efficacy (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire), and sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index); systemic inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]). METHODS Participants provided blood for the measurement of CRP/cytokines, and completed questionnaires related to their pain/disability, psychological and sleep status. Blood measures were repeated 3-monthly for 9 months, and pain/disability were self-reported fortnightly for 12 months. Recovery (change in pain) and CRP/cytokines were longitudinally compared between clusters using mixed-models. Associations between baseline factors and follow-up CRP/cytokines levels were assessed with multiple regression. RESULTS Clusters 1 and 2 were associated, but oppositely, with recovery over the 12-months. Cluster 1 reported most recovery at every 3-monthly interval, whereas Cluster 2 reported least recovery. Cluster 1 had elevated CRP (and IL-6) at baseline that continued to decrease from 3 to 9 months. TNF was elevated early and persistently in Cluster 2. Baseline factors other than inflammation generally failed to predict follow-up inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the early role of CRP (and perhaps IL-6) in control of inflammation and recovery, and a pathological role of persistent TNF overexpression, which may be perpetuated by depressive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Klyne
- NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul W Hodges
- NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Lee E. The importance of psychiatric disorders in end-stage kidney disease patients. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:133-135. [PMID: 35172531 PMCID: PMC8995481 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Eun Lee, Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. E-mail:
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Van Bogart K, Engeland CG, Sliwinski MJ, Harrington KD, Knight EL, Zhaoyang R, Scott SB, Graham-Engeland JE. The Association Between Loneliness and Inflammation: Findings From an Older Adult Sample. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:801746. [PMID: 35087386 PMCID: PMC8787084 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.801746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness has been linked to poor mental and physical health outcomes. Past research suggests that inflammation is a potential pathway linking loneliness and health, but little is known about how loneliness assessed in daily life links with inflammation, or about linkages between loneliness and inflammation among older adults specifically. As part of a larger investigation, we examined the cross-sectional associations between loneliness and a panel of both basal and LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers. Participants were 222 socioeconomically and racially diverse older adults (aged 70-90 years; 38% Black; 13% Hispanic) systematically recruited from the Bronx, NY. Loneliness was measured in two ways, with a retrospective trait measure (the UCLA Three Item Loneliness Scale) and an aggregated momentary measure assessed via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) across 14 days. Inflammatory markers included both basal levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α) and LPS-stimulated levels of the same cytokines. Multiple regression analyses controlled for age, body-mass index, race, and depressive symptoms. Moderation by gender and race were also explored. Both higher trait loneliness and aggregated momentary measures of loneliness were associated with higher levels of CRP (β = 0.16, p = 0.02; β = 0.15, p = 0.03, respectively). There were no significant associations between loneliness and basal or stimulated cytokines and neither gender nor race were significant moderators. Results extend prior research linking loneliness with systemic inflammation in several ways, including by examining this connection among a sample of older adults and using a measure of aggregated momentary loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Van Bogart
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Christopher G. Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Martin J. Sliwinski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Karra D. Harrington
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Erik L. Knight
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Ruixue Zhaoyang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Stacey B. Scott
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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132
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Abstract
Health disparities by socioeconomic status (SES) have been extensively documented, but less is known about the physical health implications of achieving upward mobility. This article critically reviews the evolving literature in this area, concluding that upward mobility is associated with a trade-off, whereby economic success and positive mental health in adulthood can come at the expense of physical health, a pattern termed skin-deep resilience. We consider explanations for this phenomenon, including prolonged high striving, competing demands between the environments upwardly mobile individuals seek to enter and their environments of origin, cultural mismatches between adaptive strategies from their childhood environments and those that are valued in higher-SES environments, and the sense of alienation, lack of belonging, and discrimination that upwardly mobile individuals face as they move into spaces set up by and for high-SES groups. These stressors are hypothesized to lead to unhealthy behaviors and a dysregulation of biological systems, with implications for cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Chen
- Institute for Policy Research and Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;
| | - Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Institute for Policy Research and Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;
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133
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Finegood ED, Miller GE. Childhood Violence Exposure, Inflammation, and Cardiometabolic Health. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 54:439-459. [PMID: 34935115 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to interpersonal violence during childhood, a severe and often traumatic form of social stress, is an enduring problem that an emerging body of work suggests may be relevant to cardiometabolic health and the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) across the life course. Less is known about this association causally, and consequently, the biological mechanisms that may confer risk for, and resilience to, poor health outcomes in the aftermath of violence are not well understood. Drawing on recent theoretical insights and empirical research in both humans and non-human animal models, the current paper articulates a hypothesis for one way that childhood violence could get "under the skin" to influence CVD. Based on this emerging literature, one plausible way that childhood violence exposure could increase susceptibility to CVD in later life is by sensitizing stress-response neurobiology and immune processes that regulate and promote inflammation, which is a key pathogenic mechanism in CVD. This is inherently a developmental process that begins in early life and that unfolds across the life course, although less is known about the specific mechanisms through which this occurs. The goal of this paper is to articulate some of these plausible mechanisms and to suggest areas for future research that aims to reduce the burden of disease among individuals who are exposed to violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Finegood
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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134
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Chiang JJ, Lam PH, Chen E, Miller GE. Psychological Stress During Childhood and Adolescence and Its Association With Inflammation Across the Lifespan: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychol Bull 2022; 148:27-66. [PMID: 39247904 PMCID: PMC11378952 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress during childhood and adolescence increases risk of health problems across the lifecourse, and inflammation is implicated as an underlying mechanism. To evaluate the viability of this hypothesis, we used meta-analysis to quantify the association between childhood/adolescent stress and inflammation over the lifecourse. Furthermore, we addressed three unresolved conceptual questions: (a) Does the strength of this association change over the lifecourse? (b) Are different types of childhood/adolescent stressors differentially associated with inflammation? (c) And which components of the inflammatory response are involved? A systematic search identified 187 articles reporting 922 associations. Meta-analyses were conducted using a three-level multilevel approach and controlled for study quality, conversion confidence, and whether effect sizes were unadjusted or adjusted (n = 662, 72%). Results indicated a small but reliable overall adjusted association ( r ^ = .04 ) . The magnitude of the association strengthened across the lifecourse-effect sizes were smallest in studies that measured inflammation in childhoodr ^ = .02 and became progressively larger in studies of adolescencer ^ = .04 and adulthoodr ^ = .05 , suggesting the impact of early stress strengthens with time. By contrast, effect sizes did not vary by adversity type (socioeconomic disadvantage, maltreatment, other interpersonal stressors, and cumulative exposure across stressors), or component of inflammation (circulating biomarkers of low-grade inflammation vs. cytokine responses to microbial stimuli). Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phoebe H Lam
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
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135
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Chang A, Sloan EK, Antoni MH, Knight JM, Telles R, Lutgendorf SK. Biobehavioral Pathways and Cancer Progression: Insights for Improving Well-Being and Cancer Outcomes. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221096081. [PMID: 35579197 PMCID: PMC9118395 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221096081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between psychosocial factors and cancer has intrigued people for centuries. In the last several decades there has been an expansion of mechanistic research that has revealed insights regarding how stress activates neuroendocrine stress-response systems to impact cancer progression. Here, we review emerging mechanistic findings on key pathways implicated in the effect of stress on cancer progression, including the cellular immune response, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, with a primary focus on the mediating role of the sympathetic nervous system. We discuss converging findings from preclinical and clinical cancer research that describe these pathways and research that reveals how these stress pathways may be targeted via pharmacological and mind-body based interventions. While further research is required, the body of work reviewed here highlights the need for and feasibility of an integrated approach to target stress pathways in cancer patients to achieve comprehensive cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeson Chang
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Erica K. Sloan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Division of Surgery, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael H. Antoni
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Behavioral Sciences, and Cancer Control Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Knight
- Department of Psychiatry and Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rachel Telles
- Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Urology, and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Susan K. Lutgendorf
- Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Urology, and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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136
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Peng L, Jing J, Ma J, He S, Gao X, Wang T. Insomnia and sleep duration on COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:995664. [PMID: 36249224 PMCID: PMC9561394 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.995664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disturbance including insomnia and sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of infectious. With the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is important to explore potential causal associations of sleep disturbance on COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization. Method Insomnia and sleep duration were selected as exposure. Outcomes included susceptibility and hospitalization for COVID-19. Two sample mendelian randomization design was used to assess causality between sleep and COVID-19. Inverse variance weighted method was used as main analysis method to combine the ratio estimates for each instrumental variable to obtain the causal effect. Cochran's Q statistic was used to test for global heterogeneity. MR-Egger and weighting median estimator (WME) were used as sensitivity analysis to ensure the stability and reliability of the results. MR-Egger intercept term was used to test the mean pleiotropy. In addition, the direct effects of insomnia and sleep duration on COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization were estimated using multivariable mendelian randomization (MVMR). Results Univariate MR provided no evidence of a causal associations of insomnia on COVID-19 susceptibility (OR = 1.10, 95% CI:0.95, 1.27; p = 0.21) and hospitalization (OR = 0.61, 95% CI:0.40, 0.92; p = 0.02); as does sleep duration (ORCOIVD - 19susceptibility = 0.93, 95% CI:0.86, 1.01; p = 0.07; ORCOIVD - 19 hospitalization = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.47; p = 0.08). MVMR results showed that insomnia may be a risk factor for increased susceptibility to COVID-19 (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.05; p <0.001); and sleep duration was also associated with increased COVID-19 susceptibility (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.46; p < 0.001). Conclusion Insomnia and extreme sleep duration may risk factors for increased COVID-19 susceptibility. Relieving insomnia and maintaining normal sleep duration may be powerful measures to reduce COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Peng
- Department of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiarui Jing
- Department of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Simin He
- Department of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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137
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang D, Shi B, You Y, Min L, Luo B, Li Y, Di Q, Ma X. Exercise improves mental health status of young adults via attenuating inflammation factors but modalities matter. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1067890. [PMID: 36590621 PMCID: PMC9795189 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1067890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mental health of young adults is a global public health challenge. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exercise benefits mental health. However, it is still unclear which exercise mode is optimal for protecting mental health and its association with the immune system. This study aimed to compare the intervention effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity continuous training (MVCT) on mental health and assess the underlying mechanism of exercise interventions to improve the immune system, which facilitated the mental health status. METHODS This is a double-blinded RCT study conducted from October 13, 2020 to January 25, 2021 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04830059). Ninety-three participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into the HIIT (N = 33), MVCT (N = 32), and control groups (N = 28) with a mean age of 25.26 (SD = 2.21), and 43% of males enrolled in the study. Professional coaches guided participants in HIIT and MVCT groups to perform 40 min of exercise training three times a week for 12-week while those in the control group received 1 h of health education twice a week. Questionnaires related to mental health status and blood samples of inflammatory factors, including immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), albumin (Alb), globulin (GLO), lymphocytes (LYM), and lymphocyte percentage (LYM) were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS We found that blood inflammation factors increased significantly in the control group during 12 weeks (ΔIgA = 0.16 g/L, ΔIgM = 0.092 g/L, ΔAlb = 2.59 g/L, ΔGlo = 3.08 g/L, ΔLYM = 0.36, and ΔLYM% = 3.72%, p < 0.05), and both MVCT and HIIT intervention could effectively defend the increased inflammatory response compared with the control group (IgA: MVCT β = -0.14, p < 0.001, HIIT β = -0.096, p < 0.05; IgM: MVCT β = -0.12, p < 0.001; HIIT β = -0.068, p < 0.05; Alb: MVCT β = -1.64, p < 0.05, HIIT β = -1.14, p > 0.05; Glo: MVCT β = -3.17, p < 0.001, HIIT β = -2.07, p < 0.01; LYM: MVCT β = -0.34, p < 0.05, HIIT β = -0.35, p < 0.05). However, the MVCT intervention modality was more conducive to enhancing positive affect (β = 0.52, p = 0.018) and well-being (β = 1.08, p = 0.035) than HIIT. Furthermore, decreased IgA, Alb, and Glo were associated with improved mental health. CONCLUSION Both 12-week HIIT and MVCT are beneficial to the immune system. The MVCT intervention mode is recommended to prevent mental health problems and attenuate immune inflammation, and the immune system is a potential mechanism that exercises improving mental health. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04830059].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Soochow College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingtian Li
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dizhi Wang
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bolan Shi
- China Athletics College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Leizi Min
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bicheng Luo
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Academy of Sports and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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138
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Yang J, Wang Q, Zhang S, Li Z, Jiang W. The dynamic changes of cellular immunity among frontline medical workers who supported Wuhan for fighting against the COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 102:108392. [PMID: 34848156 PMCID: PMC8608623 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a great stress to frontline medical workers. Our previous study indicated that immune cells in the peripheral blood of frontline medical workers changed significantly. However, the dynamic changes of immune cells of frontline medical workers remain unclear. Here, we reported the dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 51 frontline medical worker. The frontline medical workers struggling with COVID-19 from February 8 to March 31, 2020. Demographic and clinical data, including routine blood test data were extracted from the electronic health examination record and retrospectively analyzed. The lymphocyte (LYM) count and LYM ratio increased while the monocyte (MONO) ratio, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and neutrophil (NEUT) ratio in the peripheral blood of frontline medical workers decreased 10 days after struggling with COVID-19. Interestingly, the differences of LYM count, LYM ratio, MONO ratio, NLR, NEUT ratio were more significantly in nurse than doctor. The differences of LYM ratio, NLR and NEUT ratio were more significantly in female than male. However, the changes of LYM count, LYM ratio, MONO ratio, NLR, MLR, NEUT ratio returned to the baseline 10 months after struggling with COVID-19. Together, these data indicated that immune cells in the peripheral blood changed significantly 10 days after struggling with COVID-19, but returned to normal after 10 months. Those maybe caused by psychological stress and we recommend to pay more attention to mental health and immune response of frontline medical workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yang
- Department of Health Management, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Health Management, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
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139
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Wang J, Gao X, Gao P, Liu J. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Relationship Among Cytokines, 5-HT2A Receptor Polymorphisms, and Sleep Quality of Non-manual Workers in Xinjiang, China. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:777566. [PMID: 35463508 PMCID: PMC9019505 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.777566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that cytokine activity changes during the sleep-wake process, suggesting that inflammatory factors may be involved in a mechanism affecting sleep quality. Furthermore, the serotonergic system is also one of the essential components of airway relaxation during sleep, especially the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HTR2A) type that plays an important role in the sleep-wake process. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effects of cytokines and 5-HTR2A polymorphisms on sleep quality in non-manual workers in Urumqi, Xinjiang in order to explore the relationship between the three. METHODS This study used a cluster sampling method to randomly select non-manual workers who worked in Urumqi, Xinjiang for at least 1 year. From July 2016 and December 2017, this study recruited 1,500 non-manual workers for physical examination in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1,329 non-manual workers were finally included in the questionnaire study. It used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire to assess sleep quality. Moreover, another 15% of respondents were randomly selected as the experimental study group. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect 5-HTR2A gene genotypes. Simultaneously, the cytokine (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α) content was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS The results showed that among the 1,329 respondents, 870 had sleep quality problems, and the detection rate was 65.46%. The distribution of -1438G/A genotypes in the 5-HTR2A gene was significantly different among different sleep quality groups (p < 0.05), with no statistical significance present when comparing to T102C (p > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the AG [odds ratio (OR) = 2.771, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.054-7.287] and GG (OR = 4.037, 95% CI: 1.244-13.105) genotypes at -1438G/A loci were both associated with poor sleep quality and were thus considered the susceptibility genotypes for sleep problems. Furthermore, IL-1β was shown to be a protective factor for sleep quality (OR = 0.949, 95% CI: 0.925-0.974). The interaction results showed that AG × IL-1β (OR = 0.952, 95% CI: 0.918-0.987) was associated with a lower risk of sleep problems than AA × IL-1β. CONCLUSION Cytokines and 5-HTR2A polymorphisms not only have independent effects on sleep but also may have cumulative effects. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the related mechanisms affecting sleep quality to improve the sleep quality of non-manual workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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140
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Inflammatory phenomena are found in many psychiatric disorders-notably, depression, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Inflammation has been linked to severity and treatment resistance, and may both contribute to, and result from, the pathophysiology of some psychiatric illnesses. Emerging research suggests that inflammation may contribute to symptom domains of reward, motor processing, and threat reactivity across different psychiatric diagnoses. Reward-processing deficits contribute to motivational impairments in depression and schizophrenia, and motor-processing deficits contribute to psychomotor slowing in both depression and schizophrenia. A number of experimental models and clinical trials suggest that inflammation produces deficits in reward and motor processing through common pathways connecting the cortex and the striatum, which includes the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen.The observed effects of inflammation on psychiatric disorders may cut across traditional conceptualizations of psychiatric diagnoses. Further study may lead to targeted immunomodulating treatments that address difficult-to-treat symptoms in a number of psychiatric disorders. In this review, we use a Research Domain Criteria framework to discuss proposed mechanisms for inflammation and its effects on the domains of reward processing, psychomotor slowing, and threat reactivity. We also discuss data that support contributing roles of metabolic dysregulation and sex differences on the behavioral outcomes of inflammation. Finally, we discuss ways that future studies can help disentangle this complex topic to yield fruitful results that will help advance the field of psychoneuroimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Thylur
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
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141
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Song B, Zhu JC. Mechanisms of the Rapid Effects of Ketamine on Depression and Sleep Disturbances: A Narrative Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:782457. [PMID: 34970147 PMCID: PMC8712478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.782457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, sleep has been recognized as a crucial factor for health and longevity. The daily sleep/wake cycle provides the basis of biorhythm, which controls whole-body homeostasis and homeodynamics. Sleep disturbances can contribute to several physical and psychological disorders, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, depression, and cognitive dysfunction. The clinical use of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine began in the 1970s. Over the years, physicians have used it as a short-acting anesthetic, analgesic, and antidepressant; however, in-depth research has revealed new possible applications for ketamine, such as for treating sleep disturbances and circadian rhythm disorders. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the literature on the mechanistic role of the antidepressant ketamine in affecting sleep disturbance. Additionally, we discuss the pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic mechanisms of ketamine as an antidepressant and the predictive biomarkers for ketamine’s effect on sleep and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijia Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Chao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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142
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Chang JR, Wang X, Lin G, Samartzis D, Pinto SM, Wong AYL. Are Changes in Sleep Quality/Quantity or Baseline Sleep Parameters Related to Changes in Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain?: A Systematic Review. Clin J Pain 2021; 38:292-307. [PMID: 34939973 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbance is prevalent among patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the: (1) temporal relations between changes in sleep quality/quantity and the corresponding changes in pain and/or disability; and (2) role of baseline sleep quality/quantity in predicting future pain and/or disability in patients with CLBP. METHODS Four databases were searched from their inception to February 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the abstract and full text, extracted data, assessed the methodological quality of the included studies, and evaluated the quality of evidence of the findings using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS Of 1995 identified references, 6 articles involving 1641 participants with CLBP were included. Moderate-quality evidence substantiated that improvements in self-reported sleep quality and total sleep time were significantly correlated with the corresponding LBP reduction. Low-quality evidence showed that self-reported improvements in sleep quality were related to the corresponding improvements in CLBP-related disability. There was conflicting evidence regarding the relation between baseline sleep quality/quantity and future pain/disability in patients with CLBP. DISCUSSION This is the first systematic review to accentuate that improved self-reported sleep quality/quantity may be associated with improved pain/disability, although it remains unclear whether baseline sleep quality/quantity is a prognostic factor for CLBP. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying the relation between sleep and CLBP, which may inform the necessity of assessing or treating sleep disturbance in people with CLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guohui Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dino Samartzis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Rush International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center
- Rush University Graduate College, Chicago, IL
| | - Sabina M Pinto
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Arnold Y L Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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143
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Sharma AA, Szaflarski JP. Neuroinflammation as a pathophysiological factor in the development and maintenance of functional seizures: A hypothesis. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2021; 16:100496. [PMID: 34917920 PMCID: PMC8645839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2021.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress may be a priming neuroinflammatory factor for later development of FS. Secondary trauma has emerged as an important predisposing factor for FS initiation. We propose an explanatory, two-hit hypothesis for FS development. The proposed hypothesis is based on findings from neuroimaging and biomarker studies.
The neurobiological underpinnings of functional seizure (FS) development and maintenance represent an active research area. Recent work has focused on hardware (brain structure) and software (brain function and connectivity). However, understanding whether FS are an adaptive consequence of changes in brain structure, function, and/or connectivity is important for identifying a causative mechanism and for FS treatment and prevention. Further, investigation must also uncover what causes these structural and functional phenomena. Pioneering work in the field of psychoneuroimmunology has established a strong, consistent link between psychopathology, immune dysfunction, and brain structure/function. Based on this and recent FS biomarker findings, we propose a new etiologic model of FS pathophysiology. We hypothesize that early-life stressors cause neuroinflammatory and neuroendocrine changes that prime the brain for later FS development following secondary trauma (e.g., traumatic brain injury or psychological trauma). This framework coalesces existing knowledge regarding brain aberrations underlying FS and established neurobiological theories on the pathophysiology of underlying psychiatric disorders. We also propose brain temperature mapping as a way of indirectly visualizing neuroinflammation in patients with FS, particularly in emotion regulation, fear processing, and sensory-motor integration circuits. We offer a foundation on which future research can be built, with clear recommendations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushe A Sharma
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.,UAB Epilepsy Center (UABEC), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Departments of Neurosurgery, and University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Departments of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.,UAB Epilepsy Center (UABEC), Birmingham, AL, USA
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144
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Brown HK, Wilton A, Liu N, Ray JG, Dennis CL, Vigod SN. Perinatal Mental Illness and Risk of Incident Autoimmune Disease: A Population-Based Propensity-Score Matched Cohort Study. Clin Epidemiol 2021; 13:1119-1128. [PMID: 34908878 PMCID: PMC8664337 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s344567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have demonstrated elevated risk for autoimmune disease associated with perinatal mental illness, but the extent to which this risk is specific to mental illness arising perinatally, and not mental illness generally, is unknown. Our objective was to compare the risk of autoimmune disease in women with mental illness arising within the perinatal period to (1) women with mental illness arising outside the perinatal period and (2) women who did not develop mental illness. Methods We conducted a population-based matched cohort study of women aged 15–49 years with no history of mental illness or autoimmune disease in Ontario, Canada, 1998–2018. The exposed, 60,701 women with mental illness arising between conception and 365 days postpartum were propensity score-matched to (1) 264,864 women with mental illness arising non-perinatally and (2) 469,164 women who did not develop mental illness. Hazard ratios (HR) for autoimmune disease were generated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results The incidence of autoimmune disease was similar among women with mental illness arising perinatally compared to those with mental illness arising non-perinatally (138.4 vs 140.7 per 100,000 person-years; HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.92–1.05), and elevated among women with mental illness arising perinatally compared to those who did not develop mental illness (138.4 vs 88.9 per 100,000 person-years; HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.44–1.64). The HR for the latter comparison was more pronounced for autoimmune disease with brain-reactive antibodies than other autoimmune disease. Conclusion Perinatal mental illness is associated with increased risk of autoimmune disease that is no different than that of mental illness arising non-perinatally. Women with mental illness, regardless of the timing of onset, could benefit from early detection of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K Brown
- Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Joel G Ray
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simone N Vigod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
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145
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Inflammation, depressive symptoms, and emotion perception in adolescence. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:717-723. [PMID: 34517245 PMCID: PMC8551069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with depression often demonstrate an altered peripheral inflammatory profile, as well as emotion perception difficulties. However, correlations of inflammation with overall depression severity are inconsistent and inflammation may only contribute to specific symptoms. Moreover, measurement of the association between inflammation and emotion perception is sparse in adolescence, despite representing a formative window of emotional development and high-risk period for depression onset. METHODS Serum interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β were measured in 34 adolescents aged 12-17 with DSM-IV depressive disorders (DEP) and 29 healthy controls (HC). Participants were evaluated using the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) and symptom subscales were extracted based on factor analysis. Participants also completed a performance-based measure of emotion perception, the Facial Emotion Perception Test (FEPT), which assesses the accuracy of categorizing angry, fearful, sad, happy, and neutral facial emotions. RESULTS IL-6 and TNF-α correlated with reported depressed mood and somatic symptoms, respectively, but not total CDRS-R score, anhedonia or observed mood, across both DEP and HC. DEP demonstrated lower accuracy for identifying angry facial expressions. Higher IL-6 was inversely related to accuracy and discrimination of angry and neutral faces across all participants. IL-1β was associated with reduced discrimination of fearful faces. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory markers were sensitive to affective and somatic symptoms of depression and processing of emotional threat in adolescents. In particular, IL-6 was elevated in depressed adolescents and therefore may represent a specific target for modulating depressive symptoms and emotion processing.
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146
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Turesky TK, Shama T, Kakon SH, Haque R, Islam N, Someshwar A, Gagoski B, Petri WA, Nelson CA, Gaab N. Brain morphometry and diminished physical growth in Bangladeshi children growing up in extreme poverty: A longitudinal study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 52:101029. [PMID: 34801857 PMCID: PMC8605388 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminished physical growth is a common marker of malnutrition and it affects approximately 200 million children worldwide. Despite its importance and prevalence, it is not clear whether diminished growth relates to brain development and general cognitive ability. Further, diminished growth is more common in areas of extreme poverty, raising the possibility that it may mediate previously shown links between socioeconomic status (SES) and brain structure. To address these gaps, 79 children growing up in an extremely poor, urban area of Bangladesh underwent MRI at age six years. Structural brain images were submitted to Mindboggle software, a Docker-compliant and high-reproducibility tool for tissue segmentation and regional estimations of volume, surface area, cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and mean curvature. Diminished growth predicted brain morphometry and mediated the link between SES and brain morphometry most consistently for subcortical and white matter subcortical volumes. Meanwhile, brain volume in left pallidum and right ventral diencephalon mediated the relationship between diminished growth and full-scale IQ. These findings offer malnutrition as one possible pathway through which SES affects brain development and general cognitive ability in areas of extreme poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted K Turesky
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Talat Shama
- The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rashidul Haque
- The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazrul Islam
- National Institute of Neuroscience and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amala Someshwar
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, United States; Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Development Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - William A Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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147
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Eckerling A, Ricon-Becker I, Sorski L, Sandbank E, Ben-Eliyahu S. Stress and cancer: mechanisms, significance and future directions. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:767-785. [PMID: 34508247 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The notion that stress and cancer are interlinked has dominated lay discourse for decades. More recent animal studies indicate that stress can substantially facilitate cancer progression through modulating most hallmarks of cancer, and molecular and systemic mechanisms mediating these effects have been elucidated. However, available clinical evidence for such deleterious effects is inconsistent, as epidemiological and stress-reducing clinical interventions have yielded mixed effects on cancer mortality. In this Review, we describe and discuss specific mediating mechanisms identified by preclinical research, and parallel clinical findings. We explain the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical outcomes, through pointing to experimental strengths leveraged by animal studies and through discussing methodological and conceptual obstacles that prevent clinical studies from reflecting the impacts of stress. We suggest approaches to circumvent such obstacles, based on targeting critical phases of cancer progression that are more likely to be stress-sensitive; pharmacologically limiting adrenergic-inflammatory responses triggered by medical procedures; and focusing on more vulnerable populations, employing personalized pharmacological and psychosocial approaches. Recent clinical trials support our hypothesis that psychological and/or pharmacological inhibition of excess adrenergic and/or inflammatory stress signalling, especially alongside cancer treatments, could save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Eckerling
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itay Ricon-Becker
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Sorski
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Sandbank
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shamgar Ben-Eliyahu
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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148
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Cárdenas-Cloud E, Brambila-Tapia AJL, Meda-Lara RM, Pérez-Vázquez FDJ, Chavarría-Ávila E, Romero-Abundis FJ, Vázquez-Del-Mercado M. Evaluation of a psychoeducational intervention including emotional intelligence to increase treatment adherence in rheumatoid arthritis (A pilot study). Reumatismo 2021; 73. [PMID: 34814658 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2021.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to perform two studies: a cross-sectional study in order to identify the main psychological variables associated to treatment adherence in rheumatoid arthritis and an intervention based on psychoeducation to assess its impact on the variables identified in the first study. We measured treatment adherence, self-efficacy, beliefs about medication, emotional intelligence and disability along with personal and disease variables in the cross-sectional study and the same variables were measured in the intervention before and after the program and 3 months later in 2 groups (an experimental group and an active control group). In the cross-sectional study (N=33) we found that the variables most associated with treatment adherence were emotional clarity (r=0.352, p<0.05) and emotional repair (r=0.363, p<0.05). In the intervention, we divided the patients into 2 groups: the control group (N=7) and the intervention group (N=10). At the end of the study and at follow-up, we found a significant increase in adherence and self-efficacy in the intervention group, when compared with the control group. Emotional clarity was increased only in the post-test, and at follow up a decrease in beliefs of concern about medication was found. Psychoeducational programs based on information about the disease and its treatment together with emotional management are effective in increasing treatment adherence in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cárdenas-Cloud
- Master's degree in Health Psychology, Department of Basic Psychology, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco.
| | - A J L Brambila-Tapia
- Department of Basic Psychology, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco.
| | - R M Meda-Lara
- Department of Basic Psychology, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco.
| | - F D J Pérez-Vázquez
- University of Guadalajara, University Center of Health Sciences, Department of Philosophical, Methodological and Instrumental Disciplines, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; University of Guadalajara, University Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Research in Rheumatology and the Musculoskeletal System, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics Guadalajara, Jalisco.
| | - E Chavarría-Ávila
- University of Guadalajara, University Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Research in Rheumatology and the Musculoskeletal System, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics Guadalajara, Jalisco.
| | - F J Romero-Abundis
- University of Guadalajara, University Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Research in Rheumatology and the Musculoskeletal System, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics Guadalajara, Jalisco.
| | - M Vázquez-Del-Mercado
- University of Guadalajara, University Center for Health Sciences, Institute for Research in Rheumatology and the Musculoskeletal System, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Rheumatology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara, Jalisco.
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149
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Loneliness: An Immunometabolic Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212162. [PMID: 34831917 PMCID: PMC8618012 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness has been defined as an agonizing encounter, experienced when the need for human intimacy is not met adequately, or when a person’s social network does not match their preference, either in number or attributes. This definition helps us realize that the cause of loneliness is not merely being alone, but rather not being in the company we desire. With loneliness being introduced as a measurable, distinct psychological experience, it has been found to be associated with poor health behaviors, heightened stress response, and inadequate physiological repairing activity. With these three major pathways of pathogenesis, loneliness can do much harm; as it impacts both immune and metabolic regulation, altering the levels of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, acute-phase reactants, chemokines, immunoglobulins, antibody response against viruses and vaccines, and immune cell activity; and affecting stress circuitry, glycemic control, lipid metabolism, body composition, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular function, cognitive function and mental health, respectively. Taken together, there are too many immunologic and metabolic manifestations associated with the construct of loneliness, and with previous literature showcasing loneliness as a distinct psychological experience and a health determinant, we propose that loneliness, in and of itself, is not just a psychosocial phenomenon. It is also an all-encompassing complex of systemic alterations that occur with it, expanding it into a syndrome of events, linked through a shared network of immunometabolic pathology. This review aims to portray a detailed picture of loneliness as an “immunometabolic syndrome”, with its multifaceted pathology.
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150
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Zheng H, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Wang Q. Effect of Tai Chi exercise on lower limb function and balance ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27647. [PMID: 34797287 PMCID: PMC8601362 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease commonly occurring in middle-aged and elderly people. The main clinical manifestations are joint pain, limited activity, and decreased muscle strength resulting in decreased motor control ability. Exercise therapy is an effective method to enhance muscle strength of lower limbs, while China's traditional skill Tai Chi (TC) is a combination of activity and inertia, internal and external exercise therapy. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have found that regular TC can effectively improve patients' lower limb function and balance ability. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of TC on lower limb function and balance ability in patients with KOA. METHODS This is a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. One hundred forty-six cases of KOA patients will be randomly divided into experimental group and control group according to 1:1 ratio, 73 cases in each group, the control group: sodium hyaluronate; experimental group: TC added on the basis of the control group. Both groups will receive standard treatment for 5 weeks and will be followed up for 3 months. Observation indicators include: the western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index; hospital for special surgery knee score; balance stability index, liver and kidney function, adverse reaction rate, etc. SPSS 23.0 software will be used for data analysis. DISCUSSION This study will evaluate the effects of TC on lower limb function and balance ability of patients with KOA. The results of this trial will provide a clinical basis for the selection of exercise therapy for patients with KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Zheng
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfu Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
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