101
|
Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and PPARα-mediated species differences in triclosan-induced liver toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3391-3402. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
102
|
Expression of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases and soluble epoxide hydrolase is regulated by hypolipidemic drugs in dose-dependent manner. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:156-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
103
|
Nikam A, Patankar JV, Somlapura M, Lahiri P, Sachdev V, Kratky D, Denk H, Zatloukal K, Abuja PM. The PPARα Agonist Fenofibrate Prevents Formation of Protein Aggregates (Mallory-Denk bodies) in a Murine Model of Steatohepatitis-like Hepatotoxicity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12964. [PMID: 30154499 PMCID: PMC6113278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic intoxication of mice with the porphyrinogenic compound 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) leads to morphological and metabolic changes closely resembling steatohepatitis, a severe form of metabolic liver disease in humans. Since human steatohepatitis (both the alcoholic and non-alcoholic type) is characterized by reduced expression of PPARα and disturbed lipid metabolism we investigated the role of this ligand-activated receptor in the development of DDC-induced liver injury. Acute DDC-intoxication was accompanied by early significant downregulation of Pparα mRNA expression along with PPARα-controlled stress-response and lipid metabolism genes that persisted in the chronic stage. Administration of the specific PPARα agonist fenofibrate together with DDC prevented the downregulation of PPARα-associated genes and also improved the stress response of Nrf2-dependent redox-regulating genes. Moreover, oxidative stress and inflammation were strongly reduced by DDC/fenofibrate co-treatment. In addition, fenofibrate prevented the disruption of hepatocyte intermediate filament cytoskeleton and the formation of Mallory-Denk bodies at late stages of DDC intoxication. Our findings show that, like in human steatohepatitis, PPARα is downregulated in the DDC model of steatohepatitis-like hepatocellular damage. Its downregulation and the pathomorphologic features of steatohepatitis are prevented by co-administration of fenofibrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Nikam
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jay V Patankar
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Pooja Lahiri
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vinay Sachdev
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Denk
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter M Abuja
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
de la Rosa Rodriguez MA, Sugahara G, Hooiveld GJEJ, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Kersten S. The whole transcriptome effects of the PPARα agonist fenofibrate on livers of hepatocyte humanized mice. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:443. [PMID: 29879903 PMCID: PMC5991453 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of PPARα in gene regulation in mouse liver is well characterized. However, less is known about the role of PPARα in human liver. The aim of the present study was to better characterize the impact of PPARα activation on gene regulation in human liver. To that end, chimeric mice containing hepatocyte humanized livers were given an oral dose of 300 mg/kg fenofibrate daily for 4 days. Livers were collected and analyzed by hematoxilin and eosin staining, qPCR, and transcriptomics. Transcriptomics data were compared with existing datasets on PPARα activation in normal mouse liver, human primary hepatocytes, and human precision cut liver slices. Results Of the different human liver models, the gene expression profile of hepatocyte humanized livers most closely resembled actual human liver. In the hepatocyte humanized mouse livers, the human hepatocytes exhibited excessive lipid accumulation. Fenofibrate increased the size of the mouse but not human hepatocytes, and tended to reduce steatosis in the human hepatocytes. Quantitative PCR indicated that induction of PPARα targets by fenofibrate was less pronounced in the human hepatocytes than in the residual mouse hepatocytes. Transcriptomics analysis indicated that, after filtering, a total of 282 genes was significantly different between fenofibrate- and control-treated mice (P < 0.01). 123 genes were significantly lower and 159 genes significantly higher in the fenofibrate-treated mice, including many established PPARα targets such as FABP1, HADHB, HADHA, VNN1, PLIN2, ACADVL and HMGCS2. According to gene set enrichment analysis, fenofibrate upregulated interferon/cytokine signaling-related pathways in hepatocyte humanized liver, but downregulated these pathways in normal mouse liver. Also, fenofibrate downregulated pathways related to DNA synthesis in hepatocyte humanized liver but not in normal mouse liver. Conclusion The results support the major role of PPARα in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, and underscore the more modest effect of PPARα activation on gene regulation in human liver compared to mouse liver. The data suggest that PPARα may have a suppressive effect on DNA synthesis in human liver, and a stimulatory effect on interferon/cytokine signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat A de la Rosa Rodriguez
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Go Sugahara
- Research and Development Department, PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd, 3-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research and Development Department, PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd, 3-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research and Development Department, PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd, 3-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-, Hiroshima, Japan.,Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Al-Aqil FA, Monte MJ, Peleteiro-Vigil A, Briz O, Rosales R, González R, Aranda CJ, Ocón B, Uriarte I, de Medina FS, Martinez-Augustín O, Avila MA, Marín JJG, Romero MR. Interaction of glucocorticoids with FXR/FGF19/FGF21-mediated ileum-liver crosstalk. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2927-2937. [PMID: 29883717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At high doses, glucocorticoids (GC) have been associated with enhanced serum bile acids and liver injury. We have evaluated the effect of GC, in the absence of hepatotoxicity, on FXR/FGF91(Fgf15)/FGF21-mediated ileum-liver crosstalk. Rats and mice (wild type and Fxr-/-, Fgf15-/- and int-Gr-/- strains; the latter with GC receptor (Gr) knockout selective for intestinal epithelial cells), were treated (i.p.) with dexamethasone, prednisolone or budesonide. In both species, high doses of GC caused hepatotoxicity. At a non-hepatotoxic dose, GC induced ileal Fgf15 down-regulation and liver Fgf21 up-regulation, without affecting Fxr expression. Fgf21 mRNA levels correlated with those of several genes involved in glucose and bile acid metabolism. Surprisingly, liver Cyp7a1 was not up-regulated. The expression of factors involved in transcriptional modulation by Fxr and Gr (p300, Drip205, CBP and Smrt) was not affected. Pxr target genes Cyp3a11 and Mrp2 were not up-regulated in liver or intestine. In contrast, the expression of some Pparα target genes in liver (Fgf21, Cyp4a14 and Vanin-1) and intestine (Vanin-1 and Cyp3a11) was altered. In mice with experimental colitis, liver Fgf21 was up-regulated (4.4-fold). HepG2 cells transfection with FGF21 inhibited CYP7A1 promoter (prCYP7A1-Luc2). This was mimicked by pure human FGF21 protein or culture in medium previously conditioned by cells over-expressing FGF21. This response was not abolished by deletion of a putative response element for phosphorylated FGF21 effectors present in prCYP7A1. In conclusion, GC interfere with FXR/FGF19-mediated intestinal control of CYP7A1 expression by the liver and stimulate hepatic secretion of FGF21, which inhibits CYP7A1 promoter through an autocrine mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faten A Al-Aqil
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria J Monte
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Peleteiro-Vigil
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Rosales
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel González
- Dept. Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos J Aranda
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Ocón
- Dept. Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Iker Uriarte
- Hepatology Programme, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Dept. Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Martinez-Augustín
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías A Avila
- Hepatology Programme, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - José J G Marín
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta R Romero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Malliou F, Andreadou I, Gonzalez FJ, Lazou A, Xepapadaki E, Vallianou I, Lambrinidis G, Mikros E, Marselos M, Skaltsounis AL, Konstandi M. The olive constituent oleuropein, as a PPARα agonist, markedly reduces serum triglycerides. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:17-28. [PMID: 29960113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oleuropein (OLE), a main constituent of olive, exhibits antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects, while it reduces the infarct size in chow- and cholesterol-fed rabbits. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) has essential roles in the control of lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. This study focused on the mechanisms underlying the hypolipidemic activity of OLE and, specifically, on the role of PPARα activation in the OLE-induced effect. Theoretical approach using Molecular Docking Simulations and luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that OLE is a ligand of PPARα. The effect of OLE (100 mg/kg, p.o., per day, ×6 weeks) on serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels was also assessed in adult male wild-type and Ppara-null mice. Molecular Docking Simulations, Luciferase reporter gene assay and gene expression analysis indicated that OLE is a PPARα agonist that up-regulates several PPARα target genes in the liver. This effect was associated with a significant reduction of serum TG and cholesterol levels. In contrast, OLE had no effect in Ppara-null mice, indicating a direct involvement of PPARα in the OLE-induced serum TG and cholesterol reduction. Activation of hormone-sensitive lipase in the white adipose tissue (WAT) and the liver of wild-type mice and up-regulation of several hepatic factors involved in TG uptake, transport, metabolism and clearance may also contribute in the OLE-induced TG reduction. In summary, OLE has a beneficial effect on TG homeostasis via PPARα activation. OLE also activates the hormone sensitive lipase in the WAT and liver and up-regulates several hepatic genes with essential roles in TG homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Malliou
- University of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ioannina GR-45110, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Antigone Lazou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Eva Xepapadaki
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio, Greece
| | - Ioanna Vallianou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - George Lambrinidis
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Marselos
- University of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ioannina GR-45110, Greece
| | | | - Maria Konstandi
- University of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ioannina GR-45110, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Kumar R, Litoff EJ, Boswell WT, Baldwin WS. High fat diet induced obesity is mitigated in Cyp3a-null female mice. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:129-140. [PMID: 29738703 PMCID: PMC6717702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate a role for the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X-receptor (PXR), and hepatic xenobiotic detoxifying CYPs in fatty liver disease or obesity. Therefore, we examined whether Cyp3a-null mice show increased obesity and fatty liver disease following 8-weeks of exposure to a 60% high-fat diet (HFD). Surprisingly, HFD-fed Cyp3a-null females fed a HFD gained 50% less weight than wild-type (WT; B6) females fed a HFD. In contrast, Cyp3a-null males gained more weight than WT males, primarily during the first few weeks of HFD-treatment. Cyp3a-null females also recovered faster than WT females from a glucose tolerance test; males showed no difference in glucose tolerance between the groups. Serum concentrations of the anti-obesity hormone, adiponectin are 60% higher and β-hydroxybutyrate levels are nearly 50% lower in Cyp3a-null females than WT females, in agreement with reduced weight gain, faster glucose response, and reduced ketogenesis. In contrast, Cyp3a-null males have higher liver triglyceride concentrations and lipidomic analysis indicates an increase in phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. None of these changes were observed in females. Last, Pxr, Cyp2b, and IL-6 expression increased in Cyp3a-null females following HFD-treatment. Cyp2b and Fatp1 increased, while Pxr, Cpt1a, Srebp1 and Fasn decreased in Cyp3a-null males following a HFD, indicating compensatory biochemical responses in male (and to a lesser extent) female mice fed a HFD. In conclusion, lack of Cyp3a has a positive effect on acclimation to a HFD in females as it improves weight gain, glucose response and ketosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiya Kumar
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Litoff
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - W Tyler Boswell
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - William S Baldwin
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States; Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Novel PPARα agonist MHY553 alleviates hepatic steatosis by increasing fatty acid oxidation and decreasing inflammation during aging. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46273-46285. [PMID: 28545035 PMCID: PMC5542266 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is frequently observed in obese and aged individuals. Because hepatic steatosis is closely associated with metabolic syndromes, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, numerous efforts have been made to develop compounds that ameliorate it. Here, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α agonist, 4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (MHY553) was developed, and investigated its beneficial effects on hepatic steatosis using young and old Sprague-Dawley rats and HepG2 cells. Docking simulation and Western blotting confirmed that the activity of PPARα, but not that of the other PPAR subtypes, was increased by MHY553 treatment. When administered orally, MHY553 markedly ameliorated aging-induced hepatic steatosis without changes in body weight and serum levels of liver injury markers. Consistent with in vivo results, MHY553 inhibited triglyceride accumulation induced by a liver X receptor agonist in HepG2 cells. Regarding underlying mechanisms, MHY553 stimulated PPARα translocation into the nucleus and increased mRNA levels of its downstream genes related to fatty acid oxidation, including CPT-1A and ACOX1, without apparent change in lipogenesis signaling. Furthermore, MHY553 significantly suppresses inflammatory mRNA expression in old rats. In conclusion, MHY553 is a novel PPARα agonist that improved aged-induced hepatic steatosis, in part by increasing β-oxidation signaling and decreasing inflammation in the liver. MHY553 is a potential pharmaceutical agent for treating hepatic steatosis in aging.
Collapse
|
109
|
Sun Q, Zong G, Valvi D, Nielsen F, Coull B, Grandjean P. Plasma Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Investigation among U.S. Women. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:037001. [PMID: 29498927 PMCID: PMC6071816 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are endocrine disruptors and may contribute to the etiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but this hypothesis needs to be clarified in prospective human studies. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to examine the associations between PFAS exposures and subsequent incidence of T2D in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII). In addition, we aimed to evaluate potential demographic and lifestyle determinants of plasma PFAS concentrations. METHODS A prospective nested case-control study of T2D was conducted among participants who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in 1995-2000 [(mean±SD): 45.3±4.4 y) of age]. We identified and ascertained 793 incident T2D cases through 2011 (mean±SD) years of follow-up: 6.7±3.7 y). Each case was individually matched to a control (on age, month and fasting status at sample collection, and menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy). Plasma concentrations of five major PFASs, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonate, perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorodecanoic acid were measured. Odds ratios (ORs) of T2D by PFAS tertiles were estimated by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Shorter breastfeeding duration and higher intake of certain foods, such as seafood and popcorn, were significantly associated with higher plasma concentrations of PFASs among controls. After multivariate adjustment for T2D risk factors, including body mass index, family history, physical activity, and other covariates, higher plasma concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were associated with an elevated risk of T2D. Comparing extreme tertiles of PFOS or PFOA, ORs were 1.62 (95% CI: 1.09, 2.41; ptrend=0.02) and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.28; ptrend=0.03), respectively. Other PFASs were not clearly associated with T2D risk. CONCLUSIONS Background exposures to PFASs in the late 1990s were associated with higher T2D risk during the following years in a prospective case-control study of women from the NHSII. These findings support a potential diabetogenic effect of PFAS exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2619.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geng Zong
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Pollak NM, Hoffman M, Goldberg IJ, Drosatos K. Krüppel-like factors: Crippling and un-crippling metabolic pathways. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:132-156. [PMID: 29876529 PMCID: PMC5985828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are DNA-binding transcriptional factors that regulate various pathways that control metabolism and other cellular mechanisms. Various KLF isoforms have been associated with cellular, organ or systemic metabolism. Altered expression or activation of KLFs has been linked to metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and diabetes, as well as with heart failure. In this review article we summarize the metabolic functions of KLFs, as well as the networks of different KLF isoforms that jointly regulate metabolism in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina M. Pollak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew Hoffman
- Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Cho DH, Kim YS, Jo DS, Choe SK, Jo EK. Pexophagy: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Health and Diseases. Mol Cells 2018; 41:55-64. [PMID: 29370694 PMCID: PMC5792714 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway for large protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Recent studies have indicated that autophagy targets cargoes through a selective degradation pathway called selective autophagy. Peroxisomes are dynamic organelles that are crucial for health and development. Pexophagy is selective autophagy that targets peroxisomes and is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis of peroxisomes, which is necessary in the prevention of various peroxisome-related disorders. However, the mechanisms by which pexophagy is regulated and the key players that induce and modulate pexophagy are largely unknown. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of how pexophagy is induced and regulated, and the selective adaptors involved in mediating pexophagy. Furthermore, we discuss current findings on the roles of pexophagy in physiological and pathological responses, which provide insight into the clinical relevance of pexophagy regulation. Understanding how pexophagy interacts with various biological functions will provide fundamental insights into the function of pexophagy and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics against peroxisomal dysfunction-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyung Cho
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Yi Sak Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538,
Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Zhang W, Zhong W, Sun Q, Sun X, Zhou Z. Adipose-specific lipin1 overexpression in mice protects against alcohol-induced liver injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:408. [PMID: 29323242 PMCID: PMC5765113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fatty acid release from the white adipose tissue (WAT) contributes to the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Lipin1 (LPIN1), as a co-regulator of DNA-bound transcription factors and a phosphatidic acid (PA) phosphatase (PAP) enzyme that dephosphorylates PA to form diacylglycerol (DAG), is dramatically reduced by alcohol in the WAT. This study aimed at determining the role of adipose LPIN1 in alcohol-induced lipodystrophy and the development of ALD. Transgenic mice overexpressing LPIN1 in adipose tissue (LPIN1-Tg) and wild type (WT) mice were fed a Lieber-DeCarli alcohol or isocaloric maltose dextrin control liquid diet for 8 weeks. Alcohol feeding to WT mice resulted in significant liver damage, which was significantly alleviated in the LPIN1-Tg mice. Alcohol feeding significantly reduced epididymal WAT (EWAT) mass, inhibited lipogenesis, and increased lipolysis in WT mice, which were attenuated in the LPIN1-Tg mice. LPIN1 overexpression also partially reversed alcohol-reduced plasma leptin levels. In WT mice, alcohol feeding induced hepatic lipid accumulation and down-regulation of beta-oxidation genes, which were dramatically alleviated in the LPIN1-Tg mice. LPIN1 overexpression also significantly attenuated alcohol-induced hepatic ER stress. These results suggest that overexpression of LPIN1 in adipose tissue restores WAT lipid storage function and secretive function to alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Xinguo Sun
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Bouvier-Muller J, Allain C, Enjalbert F, Farizon Y, Portes D, Foucras G, Rupp R. Somatic cell count-based selection reduces susceptibility to energy shortage during early lactation in a sheep model. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2248-2259. [PMID: 29331464 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During the transition from late gestation to early lactation ruminants experience a negative energy balance (NEB), which is considered to increase susceptibility to mammary infections. Our previous study in 2 divergent lines of sheep selected for high and low somatic cell score (SCS) suggested an association between the response to NEB and genetic susceptibility to mastitis. Forty-eight early-lactation primiparous dairy ewes from the 2 SCS genetic lines were allocated to 2 homogeneous subgroups-an NEB group, which was energy restricted and received 60% of the energy requirements for 15 d, and a control-fed group-to obtain 4 balanced groups of 12 ewes: high-SCS positive energy balance, low-SCS positive energy balance, high-SCS NEB, and low-SCS NEB. High-SCS ewes showed greater weight loss and increased plasmatic concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate and nonesterified fatty acids than low-SCS ewes when confronted with an induced NEB. The aim of this study was to further characterize this interaction by combining transcriptomic and phenotypic data with a generalized partial least squares discriminant analysis using mixOmics package framework. A preliminary analysis using 3 blocks of phenotypes (fatty acids, weight and production, blood metabolites) revealed a high correlation between fat-to-protein ratio, β-hydroxybutyrate, and nonesterified fatty acids concentrations with milk long-chain fatty acid yields. These phenotypes allowed good discrimination of the energy-restricted high-SCS ewes and confirmed a high level of adipose tissue mobilization in this group. A second analysis, which included RNA-seq data, revealed high correlations between the long-chain fatty acid yields in milk and PDK4, CPT1A, SLC25A20, KLF10, and KLF11 expression, highlighting the relationship between mobilization of body reserves and enhanced fatty acids utilization for energy production in blood cells. Finally, analysis of milk composition measured in 1,025 ewes from the 2 genetic lines over 10 yr confirmed significant higher fat-to-protein ratio in high-SCS ewes in early lactation. Altogether, our results strongly confirmed a genetic link between susceptibility to mastitis and metabolic adaptation to energy shortage. Improving genetic resistance to mastitis using SCS should be accompanied by a favorable effect on the response to metabolic stress, especially in highly stressful early lactation. Moreover, this study suggests that the fat-to-protein ratio could be used as a low-cost tool for monitoring energy balance and ketosis during this critical phase of lactation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Bouvier-Muller
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, F-31326, France; Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, F-131076, France
| | - C Allain
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - F Enjalbert
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Y Farizon
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - D Portes
- Domaine de La Fage, INRA, Roquefort sur Soulzon, F-12250, France
| | - G Foucras
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, F-131076, France
| | - R Rupp
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, F-31326, France.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Corton JC, Peters JM, Klaunig JE. The PPARα-dependent rodent liver tumor response is not relevant to humans: addressing misconceptions. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:83-119. [PMID: 29197930 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of industrial chemicals and therapeutic agents cause liver tumors in rats and mice by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). The molecular and cellular events by which PPARα activators induce rodent hepatocarcinogenesis have been extensively studied elucidating a number of consistent mechanistic changes linked to the increased incidence of liver neoplasms. The weight of evidence relevant to the hypothesized mode of action (MOA) for PPARα activator-induced rodent hepatocarcinogenesis is summarized here. Chemical-specific and mechanistic data support concordance of temporal and dose-response relationships for the key events associated with many PPARα activators. The key events (KE) identified in the MOA are PPARα activation (KE1), alteration in cell growth pathways (KE2), perturbation of hepatocyte growth and survival (KE3), and selective clonal expansion of preneoplastic foci cells (KE4), which leads to the apical event-increases in hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (KE5). In addition, a number of concurrent molecular and cellular events have been classified as modulating factors, because they potentially alter the ability of PPARα activators to increase rodent liver cancer while not being key events themselves. These modulating factors include increases in oxidative stress and activation of NF-kB. PPARα activators are unlikely to induce liver tumors in humans due to biological differences in the response of KEs downstream of PPARα activation. This conclusion is based on minimal or no effects observed on cell growth pathways and hepatocellular proliferation in human primary hepatocytes and absence of alteration in growth pathways, hepatocyte proliferation, and tumors in the livers of species (hamsters, guinea pigs and cynomolgus monkeys) that are more appropriate human surrogates than mice and rats at overlapping dose levels. Despite this overwhelming body of evidence and almost universal acceptance of the PPARα MOA and lack of human relevance, several reviews have selectively focused on specific studies that, as discussed, contradict the consensus opinion and suggest uncertainty. In the present review, we systematically address these most germane suggested weaknesses of the PPARα MOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Corton
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr, MD-B105-03, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- The Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16803, USA
| | - James E Klaunig
- Department of Environmental Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47402, USA
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Farahzadi R, Fathi E, Mesbah-Namin SA, Zarghami N. Zinc sulfate contributes to promote telomere length extension via increasing telomerase gene expression, telomerase activity and change in the TERT gene promoter CpG island methylation status of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188052. [PMID: 29145503 PMCID: PMC5690675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cell therapy and regenerative medicine has received widespread attention over the past few years, but their application can be complicated by factors such as reduction in proliferation potential, the senescent tendency of the MSCs upon expansion and their age-dependent decline in number and function. It was shown that all the mentioned features were accompanied by a reduction in telomerase activity and telomere shortening. Furthermore, the role of epigenetic changes in aging, especially changes in promoter methylation, was reported. In this study, MSCs were isolated from the adipose tissue with enzymatic digestion. In addition, immunocytochemistry staining and flow cytometric analysis were performed to investigate the cell-surface markers. In addition, alizarin red-S, sudan III, toluidine blue, and cresyl violet staining were performed to evaluate the multi-lineage differentiation of hADSCs. In order to improve the effective application of MSCs, these cells were treated with 1.5 × 10-8 and 2.99 × 10-10 M of ZnSO4 for 48 hours. The length of the absolute telomere, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene expression, telomerase activity, the investigation of methylation status of the hTERT gene promoter and the percentage of senescent cells were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR, PCR-ELISA TRAP assay, methylation specific PCR (MSP), and beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, respectively. The results showed that the telomere length, the hTERT gene expression, and the telomerase activity had significantly increased. In addition, the percentage of senescent cells had significantly decreased and changes in the methylation status of the CpG islands in the hTERT promoter region under treatment with ZnSO4 were seen. In conclusion, it seems that ZnSO4 as a proper antioxidant could improve the aging-related features due to lengthening of the telomeres, increasing the telomerase gene expression, telomerase activity, decreasing aging, and changing the methylation status of hTERT promoter; it could potentially beneficial for enhancing the application of aged-MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mesbah-Namin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Chen SH, Chao PM. Prenatal PPARα activation by clofibrate increases subcutaneous fat browning in male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet during adulthood. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187507. [PMID: 29095960 PMCID: PMC5667850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that prenatal administration of PPARα agonist clofibrate may permanently increase browning capacity of developing white adipose tissue (WAT). Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were fed a basal diet, without (C) or with 0.5% clofibrate (CF, a PPARα agonist) throughout pregnancy. After parturition, only male offspring were used; all suckled their mothers (who were eating the C diet) and after weaning, they ate a standard chow diet for 4 wk, followed by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5 wk. Administration of CF up-regulated serum concentrations and hepatic expression of FGF21 in fetuses, with a return to basal levels after CF withdrawal. At postnatal day 84 (P84), CF-offspring had significantly higher expression of thermogenic genes (Ucp1, Cidea, Ppara Ppargc1a, Cpt1b) and UCP1 protein levels in response to HFD in inguinal fat, but not in retroperitoneal (combined with perirenal) or epididymal fat. Based on UCP1 levels in inguinal fat on P7, P14, and P21, appearance of the transient brown-adipocyte phenotype seemed to be hastened by CF exposure. We concluded that giving CF to pregnant mice programmed greater HFD-induced WAT browning in subcutaneous, but not in visceral fat, in their male offspring at adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Han Chen
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Min Chao
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
de la Rosa Rodriguez MA, Kersten S. Regulation of lipid droplet-associated proteins by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1212-1220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
118
|
Madureira TV, Pinheiro I, Malhão F, Lopes C, Urbatzka R, Castro LFC, Rocha E. Cross-interference of two model peroxisome proliferators in peroxisomal and estrogenic pathways in brown trout hepatocytes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 187:153-162. [PMID: 28415051 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferators cause species-specific effects, which seem to be primarily transduced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Interestingly, PPARα has a close interrelationship with estrogenic signaling, and this latter has already been promptly activated in brown trout primary hepatocytes. Thus, and further exploring this model, we assess here the reactivity of two PPARα agonists in direct peroxisomal routes and, in parallel the cross-interferences in estrogen receptor (ER) mediated paths. To achieve these goals, three independent in vitro studies were performed using single exposures to clofibrate - CLF (50, 500 and 1000μM), Wy-14,643 - Wy (50 and 150μM), GW6471 - GW (1 and 10μM), and mixtures, including PPARα agonist or antagonist plus an ER agonist or antagonist. Endpoints included gene expression analysis of peroxisome/lipidic related genes (encoding apolipoprotein AI - ApoAI, fatty acid binding protein 1 - Fabp1, catalase - Cat, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 - 17β-HSD4, peroxin 11 alpha - Pex11α, PPARαBb, PPARαBa and urate oxidase - Uox) and those encoding estrogenic targets (ERα, ERβ-1 and vitellogenin A - VtgA). A quantitative morphological approach by using a pre-validated catalase immunofluorescence technique allowed checking possible changes in peroxisomes. Our results show a low responsiveness of trout hepatocytes to model PPARα agonists in direct target receptor pathways. Additionally, we unveiled interferences in estrogenic signaling caused by Wy, leading to an up-regulation VtgA and ERα at 150μM; these effects seem counteracted with a co-exposure to an ER antagonist. The present data stress the potential of this in vitro model for further exploring the physiological/toxicological implications related with this nuclear receptor cross-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Vieira Madureira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ivone Pinheiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Malhão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Lopes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto (U. Porto), Department of Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, P 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Huang K, Du M, Tan X, Yang L, Li X, Jiang Y, Wang C, Zhang F, Zhu F, Cheng M, Yang Q, Yu L, Wang L, Huang D, Huang K. PARP1-mediated PPARα poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation suppresses fatty acid oxidation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2017; 66:962-977. [PMID: 27979751 PMCID: PMC9289820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS PARP1 is a key mediator of cellular stress responses and critical in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes of cells. However, whether it is involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains elusive. METHODS We analysed PARP1 activity in the liver of mice on a high fat diet (HFD), and samples from NAFLD patients. Gain- or loss-of-function approaches were used to investigate the roles and mechanisms of hepatic PARP1 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. RESULTS PARP1 is activated in fatty liver of HFD-fed mice. Pharmacological or genetic manipulations of PARP1 are sufficient to alter the HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Mechanistically we identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) as a substrate of PARP1-mediated poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. This poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PPARα inhibits its recruitment to target gene promoters and its interaction with SIRT1, a key regulator of PPARα signaling, resulting in suppression of fatty acid oxidation upregulation induced by fatty acids. Moreover, we show that PARP1 is a transcriptional repressor of PPARα gene in human hepatocytes, and its activation suppresses the ligand (fenofibrate)-induced PPARα transactivation and target gene expression. Importantly we demonstrate that liver biopsies of NAFLD patients display robust increases in PARP activity and PPARα poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that PARP1 is activated in fatty liver, which prevents maximal activation of fatty acid oxidation by suppressing PPARα signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 may alleviate PPARα suppression and therefore have therapeutic potential for NAFLD. LAY SUMMARY PARP1 is activated in the non-alcoholic fatty liver of mice and patients. Inhibition of PARP1 activation alleviates lipid accumulation and inflammation in fatty liver of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Meng Du
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xiangrao Li
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Liss KHH, Finck BN. PPARs and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochimie 2017; 136:65-74. [PMID: 27916647 PMCID: PMC5380579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a range of liver pathology ranging from simple steatosis to varying degrees of inflammation, hepatocyte injury and fibrosis. Without intervention it can progress to end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Given its close association with obesity, the prevalence of NAFLD has increased dramatically worldwide. Currently, there are no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of NAFLD and although lifestyle modifications with appropriate diet and exercise have been shown to be beneficial, this has been difficult to achieve and sustain for the majority of patients. As such, the search for effective therapeutic agents is an active area of research. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to a class of nuclear receptors. Because of their key role in the transcriptional regulation of mediators of glucose and lipid metabolism, PPAR ligands have been investigated as possible therapeutic agents. Here we review the current evidence from preclinical and clinical studies investigating the therapeutic potential of PPAR ligands for the treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim H H Liss
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
The role and regulation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha in human liver. Biochimie 2017; 136:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
122
|
Preidis GA, Kim KH, Moore DD. Nutrient-sensing nuclear receptors PPARα and FXR control liver energy balance. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1193-1201. [PMID: 28287408 DOI: 10.1172/jci88893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors PPARα (encoded by NR1C1) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR, encoded by NR1H4) are activated in the liver in the fasted and fed state, respectively. PPARα activation induces fatty acid oxidation, while FXR controls bile acid homeostasis, but both nuclear receptors also regulate numerous other metabolic pathways relevant to liver energy balance. Here we review evidence that they function coordinately to control key nutrient pathways, including fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis in the fasted state and lipogenesis and glycolysis in the fed state. We have also recently reported that these receptors have mutually antagonistic impacts on autophagy, which is induced by PPARα but suppressed by FXR. Secretion of multiple blood proteins is a major drain on liver energy and nutrient resources, and we present preliminary evidence that the liver secretome may be directly suppressed by PPARα, but induced by FXR. Finally, previous studies demonstrated a striking deficiency in bile acid levels in malnourished mice that is consistent with results in malnourished children. We present evidence that hepatic targets of PPARα and FXR are dysregulated in chronic undernutrition. We conclude that PPARα and FXR function coordinately to integrate liver energy balance.
Collapse
|
123
|
Inhibition and inactivation of human CYP2J2: Implications in cardiac pathophysiology and opportunities in cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:12-21. [PMID: 28237650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extrahepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) are pivotal in the metabolism of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics. CYP2J2 is a major cardiac CYP450 and primarily metabolizes polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid to cardioactive epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Due to its role in endobiotic metabolism, CYP2J2 has been actively studied in recent years with the focus on its biological functions in cardiac pathophysiology. Additionally, CYP2J2 metabolizes a number of xenobiotics such as astemizole and terfenadine and is potently inhibited by danazol and telmisartan. Notably, CYP2J2 is found to be upregulated in multiple cancers. Hence a number of specific CYP2J2 inhibitors have been developed and their efficacy in inhibiting tumor progression has been actively studied. CYP2J2 inhibitor such as C26 (1-[4-(vinyl)phenyl]-4-[4-(diphenyl-hydroxymethyl)-piperidinyl]-butanone hydrochloride) caused marked reduction in tumor proliferation and migration as well as promoted apoptosis in cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the role of CYP2J2 in cardiac pathophysiology and cancer therapeutics. Additionally, we provide an update on the substrates, reversible inhibitors and irreversible inhibitors of CYP2J2. Finally, we discuss the current gaps and future directions in CYP2J2 research.
Collapse
|
124
|
Ning LJ, He AY, Lu DL, Li JM, Qiao F, Li DL, Zhang ML, Chen LQ, Du ZY. Nutritional background changes the hypolipidemic effects of fenofibrate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Sci Rep 2017; 7:41706. [PMID: 28139735 PMCID: PMC5282496 DOI: 10.1038/srep41706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor α (PPARα) is an important transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism and is activated by high-fat diet (HFD) and fibrates in mammals. However, whether nutritional background affects PPARα activation and the hypolipidemic effects of PPARα ligands have not been investigated in fish. In the present two-phase study of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), fish were first fed a HFD (13% fat) or low-fat diet (LFD; 1% fat) diet for 10 weeks, and then fish from the first phase were fed the HFD or LFD supplemented with 200 mg/kg body weight fenofibrate for 4 weeks. The results indicated that the HFD did not activate PPARα or other lipid catabolism-related genes. Hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation increased significantly in the HFD and LFD groups after the fenofibrate treatment, when exogenous substrates were sufficiently provided. Only in the HFD group, fenofibrate significantly increased hepatic PPARα mRNA and protein expression, and decreased liver and plasma triglyceride concentrations. This is the first study to show that body fat deposition and dietary lipid content affects PPARα activation and the hypolipidemic effects of fenofibrate in fish, and this could be due to differences in substrate availability for lipid catabolism in fish fed with different diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Ning
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - An-Yuan He
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Liang Lu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Min Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Liang Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Martin GG, Landrock D, Chung S, Dangott LJ, Seeger DR, Murphy EJ, Golovko MY, Kier AB, Schroeder F. Fabp1 gene ablation inhibits high-fat diet-induced increase in brain endocannabinoids. J Neurochem 2017; 140:294-306. [PMID: 27861894 PMCID: PMC5225076 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system shifts energy balance toward storage and fat accumulation, especially in the context of diet-induced obesity. Relatively little is known about factors outside the central nervous system that may mediate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on brain endocannabinoid levels. One candidate is the liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1), a cytosolic protein highly prevalent in liver, but not detected in brain, which facilitates hepatic clearance of fatty acids. The impact of Fabp1 gene ablation (LKO) on the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on brain and plasma endocannabinoid levels was examined and data expressed for each parameter as the ratio of high-fat diet/control diet. In male wild-type mice, HFD markedly increased brain N-acylethanolamides, but not 2-monoacylglycerols. LKO blocked these effects of HFD in male mice. In female wild-type mice, HFD slightly decreased or did not alter these endocannabinoids as compared with male wild type. LKO did not block the HFD effects in female mice. The HFD-induced increase in brain arachidonic acid-derived arachidonoylethanolamide in males correlated with increased brain-free and total arachidonic acid. The ability of LKO to block the HFD-induced increase in brain arachidonoylethanolamide correlated with reduced ability of HFD to increase brain-free and total arachidonic acid in males. In females, brain-free and total arachidonic acid levels were much less affected by either HFD or LKO in the context of HFD. These data showed that LKO markedly diminished the impact of HFD on brain endocannabinoid levels, especially in male mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G. Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467
| | - Sarah Chung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467
| | - Lawrence J. Dangott
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128
| | - Drew R. Seeger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037 USA
| | - Eric J. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037 USA
| | - Mikhail Y. Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037 USA
| | - Ann B. Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
PPARs and Mitochondrial Metabolism: From NAFLD to HCC. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:7403230. [PMID: 28115925 PMCID: PMC5223052 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7403230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are widespread threats which bring about a significant burden of deaths worldwide, mainly due to cardiovascular events and cancer. The pathogenesis of these diseases is extremely complex, multifactorial, and only partially understood. As the main metabolic organ, the liver is central to maintain whole body energetic homeostasis. At the cellular level, mitochondria are the metabolic hub connecting and integrating all the main biochemical, hormonal, and inflammatory signaling pathways to fulfill the energetic and biosynthetic demand of the cell. In the liver, mitochondria metabolism needs to cope with the energetic regulation of the whole body. The nuclear receptors PPARs orchestrate lipid and glucose metabolism and are involved in a variety of diseases, from metabolic disorders to cancer. In this review, focus is placed on the roles of PPARs in the regulation of liver mitochondrial metabolism in physiology and pathology, from NAFLD to HCC.
Collapse
|
127
|
Ezquerro S, Méndez-Giménez L, Becerril S, Moncada R, Valentí V, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G, Rodríguez A. Acylated and desacyl ghrelin are associated with hepatic lipogenesis, β-oxidation and autophagy: role in NAFLD amelioration after sleeve gastrectomy in obese rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39942. [PMID: 28008992 PMCID: PMC5180230 DOI: 10.1038/srep39942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to investigate the potential role of ghrelin isoforms in the resolution of hepatic steatosis after sleeve gastrectomy, a restrictive bariatric surgery procedure, in diet-induced obese rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 161) were subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary interventions [fed ad libitum a normal (ND) or a high-fat (HFD) diet or pair-fed]. Obese rats developed hepatosteatosis and showed decreased circulating desacyl ghrelin without changes in acylated ghrelin. Sleeve gastrectomy induced a dramatic decrease of desacyl ghrelin, but increased the acylated/desacyl ghrelin ratio. Moreover, sleeve gastrectomy reduced hepatic triglyceride content and lipogenic enzymes Mogat2 and Dgat1, increased mitochondrial DNA amount and induced AMPK-activated mitochondrial FFA β-oxidation and autophagy to a higher extent than caloric restriction. In primary rat hepatocytes, the incubation with both acylated and desacyl ghrelin (10, 100 and 1,000 pmol/L) significantly increased TG content, triggered AMPK-activated mitochondrial FFA β-oxidation and autophagy. Our data suggest that the decrease in the most abundant isoform, desacyl ghrelin, after sleeve gastrectomy contributes to the reduction of lipogenesis, whereas the increased relative acylated ghrelin levels activate factors involved in mitochondrial FFA β-oxidation and autophagy in obese rats, thereby ameliorating NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ezquerro
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity &Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Méndez-Giménez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity &Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity &Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity &Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity &Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity &Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity &Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity &Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology &Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity &Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Bijsmans ITGW, Milona A, Ijssennagger N, Willemsen ECL, Ramos Pittol JM, Jonker JW, Lange K, Hooiveld GJEJ, van Mil SWC. Characterization of stem cell-derived liver and intestinal organoids as a model system to study nuclear receptor biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:687-700. [PMID: 27956139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors regulating a large variety of processes involved in reproduction, development, and metabolism. NRs are ideal drug targets because they are activated by lipophilic ligands that easily pass cell membranes. Immortalized cell lines recapitulate NR biology poorly and generating primary cultures is laborious and requires a constant need for donor material. There is a clear need for development of novel preclinical model systems that better resemble human physiology. Uncertainty due to technical limitations early in drug development is often the cause of preclinical drugs not reaching the clinic. Here, we studied whether organoids, mini-organs derived from the respective mouse tissue's stem cells, can serve as a novel model system to study NR biology and targetability. We characterized mRNA expression profiles of the NR superfamily in mouse liver, ileum, and colon organoids. Tissue-specific expression patterns were largely maintained in the organoids, indicating their suitability for NR research. Metabolic NRs Fxrα, Lxrα, Lxrβ, Pparα, and Pparγ induced expression of and binding to endogenous target genes. Transcriptome analyses of wildtype colon organoids stimulated with Rosiglitazone showed that lipid metabolism was the highest significant changed function, greatly mimicking the PPARs and Rosiglitazone function in vivo. Finally, using organoids we identify Trpm6, Slc26a3, Ang1, and Rnase4, as novel Fxr target genes. Our results demonstrate that organoids represent a framework to study NR biology that can be further expanded to human organoids to improve preclinical testing of novel drugs that target this pharmacologically important class of ligand activated transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid T G W Bijsmans
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Milona
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje Ijssennagger
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen C L Willemsen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José M Ramos Pittol
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Lange
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia W C van Mil
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Laurenzana EM, Coslo DM, Vigilar MV, Roman AM, Omiecinski CJ. Activation of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor by Monophthalates. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1651-1661. [PMID: 27551952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Humans in industrialized areas are continuously exposed to phthalate plasticizers, prompting concerns of their potential toxicities. Previous studies from our laboratory and others have shown that various phthalates activate several mammalian nuclear receptors, in particular the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), the pregnane X receptor (PXR), and the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), although often at concentration levels of questionable relevance to human exposure. We discovered that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), two of the highest volume production agents, were potent activators of human CAR2 (hCAR2), a unique human CAR splice variant and, to a lesser degree, human PXR (hPXR). These diphthalates undergo rapid metabolism in mammalian systems, initially to their major monophthalate derivatives MEHP and MiNP. Although MEHP and MiNP are reported activators of the rodent PPARs, with lower affinities for the corresponding human PPARs, it remains unclear whether these monophthalate metabolites activate hCAR2 or hPXR. In this investigation, we assessed the relative activation potential of selected monophthalates and other low molecular weight phthalates against hCAR, the most prominent hCAR splice variants, as well as hPXR and human PPAR. Using transactivation and mammalian two-hybrid protein interaction assays, we demonstrate that these substances indeed activate hCARs and hPXR but to varying degrees. MEHP and MiNP exhibit potent activation of hCAR2 and hPXR with higher affinities for these receptors than for the hPPARs. The rank order potency for MEHP and MiNP was hCAR2 > hPXR > hPPARs. Results from primary hepatocyte experiments also reflect the MEHP and MiNP upregulation of the respective human target genes. We conclude that both di- and monophthalates are potently selective hCAR2 activators and effective hPXR activators. These results implicate these targets as important mediators of selective phthalate effects in humans. The striking differential affinities for these compounds between human and rodent nuclear receptors further implies that biological results obtained from rodent models may be of only limited relevance for interpolating phthalate-mediated effects in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Laurenzana
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , 101 Life Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Denise M Coslo
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , 101 Life Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - M Veronica Vigilar
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , 101 Life Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Anthony M Roman
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , 101 Life Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Curtis J Omiecinski
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , 101 Life Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Ning LJ, He AY, Li JM, Lu DL, Jiao JG, Li LY, Li DL, Zhang ML, Chen LQ, Du ZY. Mechanisms and metabolic regulation of PPARα activation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1036-1048. [PMID: 27320014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the key metabolic regulatory functions of mammalian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) have been thoroughly studied, the molecular mechanisms and metabolic regulation of PPARα activation in fish are less known. In the first part of the present study, Nile tilapia (Nt)PPARα was cloned and identified, and high mRNA expression levels were detected in the brain, liver, and heart. NtPPARα was activated by an agonist (fenofibrate) and by fasting and was verified in primary hepatocytes and living fish by decreased phosphorylation of NtPPARα and/or increased NtPPARα mRNA and protein expression. In the second part of the present work, fenofibrate was fed to fish or fish were fasted for 4weeks to investigate the metabolic regulatory effects of NtPPARα. A transcriptomic study was also performed. The results indicated that fenofibrate decreased hepatic triglyceride and 18C-series fatty acid contents but increased the catabolic rate of intraperitoneally injected [1-(14)C] palmitate in vivo, hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation efficiency, the quantity of cytochrome b DNA, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a mRNA expression. Fenofibrate also increased serum glucose, insulin, and lactate concentrations. Fasting had stronger hypolipidemic and gene regulatory effects than those of fenofibrate. Taken together, we conclude that: 1) liver is one of the main target tissues of the metabolic regulation of NtPPARα activation; 2) dephosphorylation is the basal NtPPARα activation mechanism rather than enhanced mRNA and protein expression; 3) activated NtPPARα has a hypolipidemic effect by increasing activity and the number of hepatic mitochondria; and 4) PPARα activation affects carbohydrate metabolism by altering energy homeostasis among nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Ning
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - An-Yuan He
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Min Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Liang Lu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Gang Jiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Yu Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Liang Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Schroeder F, McIntosh AL, Martin GG, Huang H, Landrock D, Chung S, Landrock KK, Dangott LJ, Li S, Kaczocha M, Murphy EJ, Atshaves BP, Kier AB. Fatty Acid Binding Protein-1 (FABP1) and the Human FABP1 T94A Variant: Roles in the Endocannabinoid System and Dyslipidemias. Lipids 2016; 51:655-76. [PMID: 27117865 PMCID: PMC5408584 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The first discovered member of the mammalian FABP family, liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1, L-FABP), occurs at high cytosolic concentration in liver, intestine, and in the case of humans also in kidney. While the rat FABP1 is well studied, the extent these findings translate to human FABP1 is not clear-especially in view of recent studies showing that endocannabinoids and cannabinoids represent novel rat FABP1 ligands and FABP1 gene ablation impacts the hepatic endocannabinoid system, known to be involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) development. Although not detectable in brain, FABP1 ablation nevertheless also impacts brain endocannabinoids. Despite overall tertiary structure similarity, human FABP1 differs significantly from rat FABP1 in secondary structure, much larger ligand binding cavity, and affinities/specificities for some ligands. Moreover, while both mouse and human FABP1 mediate ligand induction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα), they differ markedly in pattern of genes induced. This is critically important because a highly prevalent human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (26-38 % minor allele frequency and 8.3 ± 1.9 % homozygous) results in a FABP1 T94A substitution that further accentuates these species differences. The human FABP1 T94A variant is associated with altered body mass index (BMI), clinical dyslipidemias (elevated plasma triglycerides and LDL cholesterol), atherothrombotic cerebral infarction, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Resolving human FABP1 and the T94A variant's impact on the endocannabinoid and cannabinoid system is an exciting challenge due to the importance of this system in hepatic lipid accumulation as well as behavior, pain, inflammation, and satiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA.
| | - Avery L McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Gregory G Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Sarah Chung
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dangott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Shengrong Li
- Avanti Polar Lipids, 700 Industrial Park Dr., Alabaster, AL, 35007-9105, USA
| | - Martin Kaczocha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Eric J Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics and Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA
| | - Barbara P Atshaves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ann B Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Ijssennagger N, Janssen AWF, Milona A, Ramos Pittol JM, Hollman DAA, Mokry M, Betzel B, Berends FJ, Janssen IM, van Mil SWC, Kersten S. Gene expression profiling in human precision cut liver slices in response to the FXR agonist obeticholic acid. J Hepatol 2016; 64:1158-1166. [PMID: 26812075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The bile acid-activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor regulating bile acid, glucose and cholesterol homeostasis. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a promising drug for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and type 2 diabetes, activates FXR. Mouse studies demonstrated that FXR activation by OCA alters hepatic expression of many genes. However, no data are available on the effects of OCA in the human liver. Here we generated gene expression profiles in human precision cut liver slices (hPCLS) after treatment with OCA. METHODS hPCLS were incubated with OCA for 24 h. Wild-type or FXR(-/-) mice received OCA or vehicle by oral gavage for 7 days. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis showed that well-known FXR target genes, including NR0B2 (SHP), ABCB11 (BSEP), SLC51A (OSTα) and SLC51B (OSTβ), and ABCB4 (MDR3) are regulated by OCA in hPCLS. Ingenuity pathway analysis confirmed that 'FXR/RXR activation' is the most significantly changed pathway upon OCA treatment. Comparison of gene expression profiles in hPCLS and mouse livers identified 18 common potential FXR targets. ChIP-sequencing in mouse liver confirmed FXR binding to IR1 sequences of Akap13, Cgnl1, Dyrk3, Pdia5, Ppp1r3b and Tbx6. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that hPCLS respond to OCA treatment by upregulating well-known FXR target genes, demonstrating its suitability to study FXR-mediated gene regulation. We identified six novel bona-fide FXR target genes in both mouse and human liver. Finally, we discuss a possible explanation for changes in high or low density lipoprotein observed in NASH and primary biliary cholangitis patients treated with OCA based on the genomic expression profile in hPCLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noortje Ijssennagger
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aafke W F Janssen
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Milona
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José M Ramos Pittol
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle A A Hollman
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bark Betzel
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Frits J Berends
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Ignace M Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia W C van Mil
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Forced expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses the sustained impairment of liver regeneration in hPPARα(PAC) mice due to dysregulated bile acid synthesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9686-700. [PMID: 25991671 PMCID: PMC4496390 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) stimulates hepatocellular proliferation is species-specific. Activation of mouse, but not human, PPARα induces hepatocellular proliferation, hepatomegaly, and liver cancer. Here we tested the hypothesis that human and mouse PPARα affects liver regeneration differentially. PPARα-humanized mice (hPPARα(PAC)) were similar to wild type mice in responding to fasting-induced PPARα signaling. However, these mouse livers failed to regenerate in response to partial hepatectomy (PH). The liver-to-body weight ratios did not recover even 3 months after PH in hPPARα(PAC). The mouse PPARα-mediated down-regulation of let-7c was absent in hPPARα(PAC), which might partially be responsible for impaired proliferation. After PH, hPPARα(PAC) displayed steatosis, necrosis, and inflammation mainly in periportal zone 1, which suggested bile-induced toxicity. Quantification of hepatic bile acids (BA) revealed BA overload with increased hydrophobic BA in hPPARα(PAC). Forced FGF21 expression in partial hepatectomized hPPARα(PAC) reduced hepatic steatosis, prevented focal necrosis, and restored liver mass. Compared to mouse PPARα, human PPARα has a reduced capacity to regulate metabolic pathways required for liver regeneration. In addition, FGF21 can compensate for the reduced ability of human PPARα in stimulating liver regeneration, which suggests the potential application of FGF21 in promoting hepatic growth in injured and steatotic livers in humans.
Collapse
|
134
|
Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Medeiros-de-Moraes IM, Oliveira FMDJ, Burth P, Bozza PT, Castro Faria MV, Silva AR, de Castro-Faria-Neto HC. Omega-9 Oleic Acid Induces Fatty Acid Oxidation and Decreases Organ Dysfunction and Mortality in Experimental Sepsis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153607. [PMID: 27078880 PMCID: PMC4831806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by inflammatory and metabolic alterations, which lead to massive cytokine production, oxidative stress and organ dysfunction. In severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome, plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are increased. Several NEFA are deleterious to cells, activate Toll-like receptors and inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase, causing lung injury. A Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil is beneficial. The main component of olive oil is omega-9 oleic acid (OA), a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). We analyzed the effect of OA supplementation on sepsis. OA ameliorated clinical symptoms, increased the survival rate, prevented liver and kidney injury and decreased NEFA plasma levels in mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). OA did not alter food intake and weight gain but diminished reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NEFA plasma levels. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (CPT1A) mRNA levels were increased, while uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) liver expression was enhanced in mice treated with OA. OA also inhibited the decrease in 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression and increased the enzyme expression in the liver of OA-treated mice compared to septic animals. We showed that OA pretreatment decreased NEFA concentration and increased CPT1A and UCP2 and AMPK levels, decreasing ROS production. We suggest that OA has a beneficial role in sepsis by decreasing metabolic dysfunction, supporting the benefits of diets high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrícia Burth
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020–15 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Torres Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 21040–900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauro Velho Castro Faria
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550–900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 21040–900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ARS); (HCCFN)
| | - Hugo Caire de Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 21040–900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Programa de Produtividade Científica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ARS); (HCCFN)
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Genomewide comparison of the inducible transcriptomes of nuclear receptors CAR, PXR and PPARα in primary human hepatocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1218-1227. [PMID: 26994748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ligand-activated nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) are two master transcriptional regulators of many important drug metabolizing enzymes and transporter genes (DMET) in response to xenobiotics including many drugs. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα, NR1C1), the target of lipid lowering fibrate drugs, primarily regulates fatty acid catabolism and energy-homeostasis. Recent research has shown that there are substantial overlaps in the regulated genes of these receptors. For example, both CAR and PXR also modulate the transcription of key enzymes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and PPARα also functions as a direct transcriptional regulator of important DMET genes including cytochrome P450s CYP3A4 and CYP2C8. Despite their important and widespread influence on liver metabolism, comparative data are scarce, particularly at a global level and in humans. The major objective of this study was to directly compare the genome-wide transcriptional changes elucidated by the activation of these three nuclear receptors in primary human hepatocytes. Cultures from six individual donors were treated with the prototypical ligands for CAR (CITCO), PXR (rifampicin) and PPARα (WY14,643) or DMSO as vehicle control. Genomewide mRNA profiles determined with Affymetrix microarrays were analyzed for differentially expressed genes and metabolic functions. The results confirmed known prototype target genes and revealed strongly overlapping sets of coregulated but also distinctly regulated and novel responsive genes and pathways. The results further specify the role of PPARα as a regulator of drug metabolism and the role of the xenosensors PXR and CAR in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Xenobiotic nuclear receptors: New Tricks for An Old Dog, edited by Dr. Wen Xie.
Collapse
|
136
|
Palermo FA, Cocci P, Mozzicafreddo M, Arukwe A, Angeletti M, Aretusi G, Mosconi G. Tri- m-cresyl phosphate and PPAR/LXR interactions in seabream hepatocytes: revealed by computational modeling (docking) and transcriptional regulation of signaling pathways. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:471-481. [PMID: 30090361 PMCID: PMC6061042 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00314h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between tri-m-cresyl phosphate (TMCP; an organophosphate flame retardant) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) or liver X receptor α (LXRα) were investigated in seabream hepatocytes. The study was designed to characterize the binding of TMCP to PPARα, PPARγ and LXRα by computational modeling (docking) and transcriptional regulation of signaling pathways. TMCP mainly established a non-polar interaction with each receptor. These findings reflect the hydrophobic nature of this binding site, with fish LXRα showing the highest binding efficiency. Further, we have investigated the ability of TMCP to activate PPAR and LXR controlled transcriptional processes involved in lipid/cholesterol metabolism. TMCP induced the expression of all the target genes measured. All target genes were up-regulated at all exposure doses, except for fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B. Collectively, our data indicate that TMCP can affect fatty acid synthesis/uptake and cholesterol metabolism through LXRα and PPARs, together with interactions between these transcription factors in seabream liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine , University of Camerino , Via Gentile III Da Varano , I-62032 Camerino , MC , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 0737 404920
| | - Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine , University of Camerino , Via Gentile III Da Varano , I-62032 Camerino , MC , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 0737 404920
| | - Matteo Mozzicafreddo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine , University of Camerino , Via Gentile III Da Varano , I-62032 Camerino , MC , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 0737 404920
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Høgskoleringen 5 , 7491 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Mauro Angeletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine , University of Camerino , Via Gentile III Da Varano , I-62032 Camerino , MC , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 0737 404920
| | - Graziano Aretusi
- Controllo Statistico , Pescara , Italy . http://www.controllostatistico.com
- Marine Protected Area Torre del Cerrano , 64025 Pineto , TE , Italy
| | - Gilberto Mosconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine , University of Camerino , Via Gentile III Da Varano , I-62032 Camerino , MC , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 0737 404920
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Update on the molecular biology of dyslipidemias. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:143-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
138
|
Bowman TA, O'Keeffe KR, D'Aquila T, Yan QW, Griffin JD, Killion EA, Salter DM, Mashek DG, Buhman KK, Greenberg AS. Acyl CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5) ablation in mice increases energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity and delays fat absorption. Mol Metab 2016; 5:210-220. [PMID: 26977393 PMCID: PMC4770262 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The family of acyl-CoA synthetase enzymes (ACSL) activates fatty acids within cells to generate long chain fatty acyl CoA (FACoA). The differing metabolic fates of FACoAs such as incorporation into neutral lipids, phospholipids, and oxidation pathways are differentially regulated by the ACSL isoforms. In vitro studies have suggested a role for ACSL5 in triglyceride synthesis; however, we have limited understanding of the in vivo actions of this ACSL isoform. Methods To elucidate the in vivo actions of ACSL5 we generated a line of mice in which ACSL5 expression was ablated in all tissues (ACSL5−/−). Results Ablation of ACSL5 reduced ACSL activity by ∼80% in jejunal mucosa, ∼50% in liver, and ∼37% in brown adipose tissue lysates. Body composition studies revealed that ACSL5−/−, as compared to control ACSL5loxP/loxP, mice had significantly reduced fat mass and adipose fat pad weights. Indirect calorimetry studies demonstrated that ACSL5−/− had increased metabolic rates, and in the dark phase, increased respiratory quotient. In ACSL5−/− mice, fasting glucose and serum triglyceride were reduced; and insulin sensitivity was improved during an insulin tolerance test. Both hepatic mRNA (∼16-fold) and serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) (∼13-fold) were increased in ACSL5−/− as compared to ACSL5loxP/loxP. Consistent with increased FGF21 serum levels, uncoupling protein-1 gene (Ucp1) and PPAR-gamma coactivator 1-alpha gene (Pgc1α) transcript levels were increased in gonadal adipose tissue. To further evaluate ACSL5 function in intestine, mice were gavaged with an olive oil bolus; and the rate of triglyceride appearance in serum was found to be delayed in ACSL5−/− mice as compared to control mice. Conclusions In summary, ACSL5−/− mice have increased hepatic and serum FGF21 levels, reduced adiposity, improved insulin sensitivity, increased energy expenditure and delayed triglyceride absorption. These studies suggest that ACSL5 is an important regulator of whole-body energy metabolism and ablation of ACSL5 may antagonize the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Role of acyl CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5) in systemic metabolism was studied in an ACSL5 deficient mouse. ACSL5 deficiency reduced total ACSL activity in liver, intestine, and brown adipose tissue. ACSL5 deficient mice had increased hepatic and circulating FGF21 expression and energy expenditure. ACSL5 deficient mice demonstrated delayed triglyceride absorption.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACSL
- ACSL, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase
- ACSL5−/−, mice with global ablation of ACSL5
- AUC, area under the curve
- Acyl-CoA
- Dietary fat absorption
- ES, embryonic stem
- FGF21
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- Intestine
- Liver
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PGC1α, PPAR-gamma coactivator 1α
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
- RER, respiratory exchange ratio
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SREBP1c, steroid response element binding protein-1c
- T2DM, type2 diabetes
- UCP1, uncoupling protein-1
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Bowman
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kayleigh R O'Keeffe
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Theresa D'Aquila
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Qing Wu Yan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - John D Griffin
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Killion
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Deanna M Salter
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Kimberly K Buhman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Andrew S Greenberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Veleba J, Kopecky J, Janovska P, Kuda O, Horakova O, Malinska H, Kazdova L, Oliyarnyk O, Skop V, Trnovska J, Hajek M, Skoch A, Flachs P, Bardova K, Rossmeisl M, Olza J, de Castro GS, Calder PC, Gardlo A, Fiserova E, Jensen J, Bryhn M, Kopecky J, Pelikanova T. Combined intervention with pioglitazone and n-3 fatty acids in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients: improvement of lipid metabolism. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:52. [PMID: 26633989 PMCID: PMC4667423 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The marine n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exert numerous beneficial effects on health, but their potency to improve treatment of type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients remains poorly characterized. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination intervention using EPA + DHA and the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone in overweight/obese T2D patients already treated with metformin. Methods In a parallel-group, four-arm, randomized trial, 69 patients (66 % men) were assigned to 24-week-intervention using: (i) corn oil (5 g/day; Placebo), (ii) pioglitazone (15 mg/day; Pio), (iii) EPA + DHA concentrate (5 g/day, containing ~2.8 g EPA + DHA; Omega-3), or (iv) pioglitazone and EPA + DHA concentrate (Pio& Omega-3). Data from 60 patients were used for the final evaluation. At baseline and after intervention, various metabolic markers, adiponectin and cytokines were evaluated in serum using standard procedures, EPA + DHA content in serum phospholipids was evaluated using shotgun lipidomics and mass spectrometry, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and meal test were also performed. Indirect calorimetry was conducted after the intervention. Primary endpoints were changes from baseline in insulin sensitivity evaluated using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and in serum triacylglycerol concentrations in fasting state. Secondary endpoints included changes in fasting glycemia and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), changes in postprandial glucose, free fatty acid and triacylglycerol concentrations, metabolic flexibility assessed by indirect calorimetry, and inflammatory markers. Results Omega-3 and Pio& Omega-3 increased EPA + DHA content in serum phospholipids. Pio and Pio& Omega-3 increased body weight and adiponectin levels. Both fasting glycemia and HbA1c were increased by Omega-3, but were unchanged by Pio& Omega-3. Insulin sensitivity was not affected by Omega-3, while it was improved by Pio& Omega-3. Fasting triacylglycerol concentrations and inflammatory markers were not significantly affected by any of the interventions. Lipid metabolism in the meal test and metabolic flexibility were additively improved by Pio& Omega-3. Conclusion Besides preventing a modest negative effect of n-3 fatty acids on glycemic control, the combination of pioglitazone and EPA + DHA can be used to improve lipid metabolism in T2D patients on stable metformin therapy. Trial registration EudraCT number 2009-011106-42. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0047-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Veleba
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Janovska
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Horakova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malinska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Skop
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Trnovska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Hajek
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Skoch
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Flachs
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josune Olza
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gabriela Salim de Castro
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alzbeta Gardlo
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ; Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Fiserova
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jan Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Pelikanova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Transcriptomic analysis of untreated and drug-treated differentiated HepaRG cells over a 2-week period. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
141
|
Naquet P, Giessner C, Galland F. Metabolic adaptation of tissues to stress releases metabolites influencing innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 38:30-8. [PMID: 26605965 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments have demonstrated that metabolic rewiring imposed by adaptation of tissues to stress leads to the release of various metabolites which directly or indirectly impact innate immune responses and inflammation. Some metabolites can behave as second messengers and leave local cues in tissues. Immune cells which infiltrate stressed tissues reorient their metabolism to cope with these microenvironmental cues while preserving their effector functions in tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Naquet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Caroline Giessner
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Franck Galland
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Thomas M, Winter S, Klumpp B, Turpeinen M, Klein K, Schwab M, Zanger UM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, PPARα, directly regulates transcription of cytochrome P450 CYP2C8. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:261. [PMID: 26582990 PMCID: PMC4631943 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450, CYP2C8, metabolizes more than 60 clinically used drugs as well as endogenous substances including retinoic acid and arachidonic acid. However, predictive factors for interindividual variability in the efficacy and toxicity of CYP2C8 drug substrates are essentially lacking. Recently we demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a nuclear receptor primarily involved in control of lipid and energy homeostasis directly regulates the transcription of CYP3A4. Here we investigated the potential regulation of CYP2C8 by PPARα. Two linked intronic SNPs in PPARα (rs4253728, rs4823613) previously associated with hepatic CYP3A4 status showed significant association with CYP2C8 protein level in human liver samples (N = 150). Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knock-down of PPARα in HepaRG human hepatocyte cells resulted in up to ∼60 and ∼50% downregulation of CYP2C8 mRNA and activity, while treatment with the PPARα agonist WY14,643 lead to an induction by >150 and >100%, respectively. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation scanning assay we identified a specific upstream gene region that is occupied in vivo by PPARα. Electromobility shift assay demonstrated direct binding of PPARα to a DR-1 motif located at positions –2762/–2775 bp upstream of the CYP2C8 transcription start site. We further validated the functional activity of this element using luciferase reporter gene assays in HuH7 cells. Moreover, based on our previous studies we demonstrated that WNT/β-catenin acts as a functional inhibitor of PPARα-mediated inducibility of CYP2C8 expression. In conclusion, our data suggest direct involvement of PPARα in both constitutive and inducible regulation of CYP2C8 expression in human liver, which is further modulated by WNT/β-catenin pathway. PPARA gene polymorphism could have a modest influence on CYP2C8 phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Britta Klumpp
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Miia Turpeinen
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany ; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Baraldi FG, Vicentini TM, Teodoro BG, Dalalio FM, Dechandt CRP, Prado IMR, Curti C, Cardoso FC, Uyemura SA, Alberici LC. The combination of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and extra virgin olive oil increases mitochondrial and body metabolism and prevents CLA-associated insulin resistance and liver hypertrophy in C57Bl/6 mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 28:147-54. [PMID: 26878792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clinical conditions associated with obesity can be improved by daily intake of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Here we investigated whether dietary supplementation with CLA and EVOO, either alone or in combination, changes body metabolism associated with mitochondrial energetics. Male C57Bl/6 mice were divided into one of four groups: CLA (1:1 cis-9, trans-11:trans-10, cis-12; 18:2 isomers), EVOO, CLA plus EVOO or control (linoleic acid). Each mouse received 3 g/kg body weight of the stated oil by gavage on alternating days for 60 days. Dietary supplementation with CLA, alone or in combination with EVOO: (a) reduced the white adipose tissue gain; (b) increased body VO2 consumption, VCO2 production and energy expenditure; (c) elevated uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 expression and UCP activity in isolated liver mitochondria. This organelle, when energized with NAD(+)-linked substrates, produced high amounts of H2O2 without inducing oxidative damage. Dietary supplementation with EVOO alone did not change any metabolic parameter, but supplementation with CLA itself promoted insulin resistance and elevated weight, lipid content and acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 expression in liver. Interestingly, the in vivo antioxidant therapy with N-acetylcysteine abolished the CLA-induced rise of body metabolism and liver UCP expression and activity, while the in vitro antioxidant treatment with catalase mitigated the CLA-dependent UCP-2 expression in hepatocytes; these findings suggest the participation of an oxidative-dependent pathway. Therefore, this study clarifies the mechanisms by which CLA induces liver UCP expression and activity, and demonstrates for the first time the beneficial effects of combined CLA and EVOO supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia G Baraldi
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane M Vicentini
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno G Teodoro
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Dalalio
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R P Dechandt
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ieda M R Prado
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Curti
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio A Uyemura
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
El Kebbaj R, Andreoletti P, El Hajj HI, El Kharrassi Y, Vamecq J, Mandard S, Saih FE, Latruffe N, El Kebbaj MS, Lizard G, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M. Argan oil prevents down-regulation induced by endotoxin on liver fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis and on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and estrogen related receptor α (ERRα). BIOCHIMIE OPEN 2015; 1:51-59. [PMID: 29632829 PMCID: PMC5889474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In patients with sepsis, liver metabolism and its capacity to provide other organs with energetic substrates are impaired. This and many other pathophysiological changes seen in human patients are reproduced in mice injected with purified endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). In the present study, down-regulation of genes involved in hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAOx) and gluconeogenesis in mice exposed to LPS was challenged by nutritional intervention with Argan oil. Mice given a standard chow supplemented or not with either 6% (w/w) Argan oil (AO) or 6% (w/w) olive oil (OO) prior to exposure to LPS were explored for liver gene expressions assessed by mRNA transcript levels and/or enzyme activities. AO (or OO) food supplementation reveals that, in LPS-treated mice, hepatic expression of genes involved in FAOx and gluconeogenesis was preserved. This preventive protection might be related to the recovery of the gene expressions of nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and estrogen related receptor α (ERRα) and their coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, (PGC-1α). These preventive mechanisms conveyed by AO against LPS-induced metabolic dysregulation might add new therapeutic potentialities in the management of human sepsis. Argan oil prevents LPS-treated mice from liver dysregulation of FAOx and gluconeogenesis. Argan oil improves hepatic expression of PPARα and ERRα, and their coactivators PGC-1α and Lipin-1. New preventive mechanisms conveyed by Argan oil against LPS-induced metabolic dysregulation.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACADL, acyl CoA dehydrogenase long-chain
- ACADM, acyl CoA dehydrogenase medium-chain
- ACADS, acyl CoA dehydrogenase short-chain
- ACOX1, acyl-CoA oxidase 1
- AO, Argan oil
- Argan oil
- Beta-oxidation
- Coactivator
- ERRα, estrogen related receptor α
- G6PH, glucose-6-phosphatase
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glut2, glucose transporter 2
- Glut4, glucose transporter 4
- HNF-4α, hepatic nuclear factor-4α
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Nuclear receptor
- OO, olive oil
- PEPCK, phospoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riad El Kebbaj
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France.,Laboratoir de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP 577, 26 000 Settat, Morocco.,Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Santé, Institut supérieur des sciences de la santé Université Hassan I, Route de Casablanca. 14 BP 539, 26 000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Hammam I El Hajj
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Youssef El Kharrassi
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France.,Laboratoir de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP 577, 26 000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Joseph Vamecq
- INSERM and HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille and RADEME EA 7364, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille 2, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Mandard
- Lipness Team, INSERM, Research Center UMR866 and LabEx LipSTIC, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fatima-Ezzahra Saih
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France.,Laboratoir de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP 577, 26 000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - M'Hammed Saïd El Kebbaj
- Laboratoire de recherche sur les lipoprotéines et l'Athérosclérose, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti, BP 7955, Université Hassan II-Mohammedia-Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratoir de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP 577, 26 000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Makia NL, Goldstein JA. CYP2C8 Is a Novel Target of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Human Liver. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:154-64. [PMID: 26467040 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C enzymes metabolize ∼30% of clinically prescribed drugs and various environmental chemicals. CYP2C8, an important member of this subfamily, metabolizes the anticancer drug paclitaxel, certain antidiabetic drugs, and endogenous substrates, including arachidonic acid, to physiologically active epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that microRNA 107 (miR107) and microRNA 103 downregulate CYP2C8 post-transcriptionally. miR107 is located in intron 5 of the pantothenate kinase 1 (PANK1) gene. p53 has been reported to coregulate the induction of PANK1 and miR107. Here, we examine the possible downregulation of CYP2C8 by drugs capable of inducing miR107. Hypolipidemic drugs, such as bezafibrate, known activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), induce both the PANK1 gene and miR107 (∼2.5-fold) in primary human hepatocytes. Surprisingly, CYP2C8 mRNA and protein levels were induced by bezafibrate. CYP2C8 promoter activity was increased by ectopic expression of PPARα in HepG2 cells, with a further increase after bezafibrate (∼18-fold), 4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio acetic acid (∼10-fold) treatment, or the antidiabetic drug rosiglitazone, all known PPAR activators. Promoter sequence analyses, deletion studies, mutagenesis studies, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays identified a PPARα response element located at position -2109 base pair relative to the translation start site of CYP2C8. Chromatin immunopreciptation assay analysis confirmed recruitment of PPARα to this PPARα response element after bezafibrate treatment of human hepatocytes. Thus, we show for the first time that CYP2C8 is transcriptionally regulated by PPARα, suggesting the potential for drug-drug interactions due to upregulation of CYP2C8 by PPAR activators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngome L Makia
- Human Metabolism Group, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Joyce A Goldstein
- Human Metabolism Group, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Ann JY, Eo H, Lim Y. Mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) ameliorate obesity-induced hepatic lipogenesis, fibrosis, and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed mice. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:46. [PMID: 26463593 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic diseases such as fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and severe metabolic syndrome. Obesity causes metabolic impairment including excessive lipid accumulation and fibrosis in the hepatic tissue as well as the increase in oxidative stress. In order to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.) extract (MLE) on obesity-induced oxidative stress, lipogenesis, and fibrosis in liver, MLE has been gavaged for 12 weeks in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. MLE treatment significantly ameliorated LXRα-mediated lipogenesis and hepatic fibrosis markers such as α-smooth muscle actin, while MLE up-regulated lipolysis-associated markers such as lipoprotein lipase in the HFD-fed mice. Moreover, MLE normalized the activities of antioxidant enzymes including heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione peroxidase in accordance with protein levels of 4-hydroxynonenal in the HFD-fed mice. MLE has beneficial effects on obesity-related fatty liver disease by regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, fibrosis, and antioxidant defense system. MLE supplementation might be a potential therapeutic approach for obesity-related disease including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Ann
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Janssen AWF, Betzel B, Stoopen G, Berends FJ, Janssen IM, Peijnenburg AA, Kersten S. The impact of PPARα activation on whole genome gene expression in human precision cut liver slices. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:760. [PMID: 26449539 PMCID: PMC4599789 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in mice have shown that PPARα is an important regulator of lipid metabolism in liver and key transcription factor involved in the adaptive response to fasting. However, much less is known about the role of PPARα in human liver. Methods Here we set out to study the function of PPARα in human liver via analysis of whole genome gene regulation in human liver slices treated with the PPARα agonist Wy14643. Results Quantitative PCR indicated that PPARα is well expressed in human liver and human liver slices and that the classical PPARα targets PLIN2, VLDLR, ANGPTL4, CPT1A and PDK4 are robustly induced by PPARα activation. Transcriptomics analysis indicated that 617 genes were upregulated and 665 genes were downregulated by PPARα activation (q value < 0.05). Many genes induced by PPARα activation were involved in lipid metabolism (ACSL5, AGPAT9, FADS1, SLC27A4), xenobiotic metabolism (POR, ABCC2, CYP3A5) or the unfolded protein response, whereas most of the downregulated genes were involved in immune-related pathways. Among the most highly repressed genes upon PPARα activation were several chemokines (e.g. CXCL9-11, CCL8, CX3CL1, CXCL6), interferon γ-induced genes (e.g. IFITM1, IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3) and numerous other immune-related genes (e.g. TLR3, NOS2, and LCN2). Comparative analysis of gene regulation by Wy14643 between human liver slices and primary human hepatocytes showed that down-regulation of gene expression by PPARα is much better captured by liver slices as compared to primary hepatocytes. In particular, PPARα activation markedly suppressed immunity/inflammation-related genes in human liver slices but not in primary hepatocytes. Finally, several putative new target genes of PPARα were identified that were commonly induced by PPARα activation in the two human liver model systems, including TSKU, RHOF, CA12 and VSIG10L. Conclusion Our paper demonstrates the suitability and superiority of human liver slices over primary hepatocytes for studying the functional role of PPARα in human liver. Our data underscore the major role of PPARα in regulation of hepatic lipid and xenobiotic metabolism in human liver and reveal a marked immuno-suppressive/anti-inflammatory effect of PPARα in human liver slices that may be therapeutically relevant for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1969-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aafke W F Janssen
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bark Betzel
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Wagnerlaan 55, 6815 AD, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert Stoopen
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frits J Berends
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Wagnerlaan 55, 6815 AD, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
| | - Ignace M Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Wagnerlaan 55, 6815 AD, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
| | - Ad A Peijnenburg
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Hamza MS, Kumar C, Chia SM, Anandalakshmi V, Boo N, Strapps W, Robinson M, Caguyong M, Bartz S, Tadin-Strapps M, van Gool A, Shih SJ. Alterations in the hepatic transcriptional landscape after RNAi mediated ApoB silencing in cynomolgus monkeys. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:383-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
149
|
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular events in humans increases in the presence of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, in large part due to exacerbated atherosclerosis. Genetically engineered mouse models have begun to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for diabetes-exacerbated atherosclerosis. Research on these mouse models has revealed that diabetes independently accelerates initiation and progression of lesions of atherosclerosis and also impairs the regression of lesions following aggressive lipid lowering. Myeloid cell activation in combination with proatherogenic changes allowing for increased monocyte recruitment into arteries of diabetic mice has emerged as an important mediator of the effects of diabetes on the three stages of atherosclerosis. The effects of diabetes on atherosclerosis appear to be dependent on an interplay between glucose and lipids, as well as other factors, and result in increased recruitment of monocytes into both progressing and regressing lesions of atherosclerosis. Importantly, some of the mechanisms revealed by mouse models are now being studied in human subjects. This Perspective highlights new mechanistic findings based on mouse models of diabetes-exacerbated atherosclerosis and discusses the relevance to humans and areas in which more research is urgently needed in order to lessen the burden of macrovascular complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition and Department of Pathology, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
De Rosa MC, Caputo M, Zirpoli H, Rescigno T, Tarallo R, Giurato G, Weisz A, Torino G, Tecce MF. Identification of Genes Selectively Regulated in Human Hepatoma Cells by Treatment With Dyslipidemic Sera and PUFAs. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2059-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariella Caputo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition; Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Italy
| | - Hylde Zirpoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition; Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Italy
| | - Tania Rescigno
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition; Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Italy
| | - Gaetano Torino
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition; Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Italy
| | - Mario Felice Tecce
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition; Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Italy
| |
Collapse
|