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Nopembri S, Mulyawan R, Fauziah PY, Kusumawardani E, Susilowati IH, Fauzi L, Cahyati WH, Rahayu T, Chua TBK, Chia MYH. Time to Play in Javanese Preschool Children-An Examination of Screen Time and Playtime before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1659. [PMID: 36767027 PMCID: PMC9914421 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This comparative-descriptive multi-national research examined the screen time and playtime of preschool children aged 1-6 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents reported on the play and screen habits of preschool-aged children on the weekday and weekends using a questionnaire on the lifestyle habits of their children. Results indicated a significant difference in screen time and playtime on the weekday and weekend before the pandemic (screen time: 1.91 ± 2.40 vs. 2.16 ± 2.60 h; playtime: 3.55 ± 2.49 vs. 4.11 ± 2.58 h, both p < 0.05), but during the COVID-19 pandemic, only the weekday-weekend difference in screen time was significantly different (screen time: 2.87 ± 3.15 vs. 3.26 ± 3.18 h, p < 0.05; playtime: 3.25 ± 3.41 vs. 3.48 ± 2.41, p > 0.05). Before- and during-COVID-19 comparisons showed that the average daily screen time increased by 150% from 2.04 h to 3.06 h (p < 0.05), while the average play time decreased by 12.3% (3.83 to 3.36 h, p < 0.05). Based upon international guidelines for movement behaviours of young children, special attention and actions are needed to manage the excessive daily screen time and preserve the average daily playtime of Javanese preschool children. These results present useful benchmarking data for parents, teachers, and health authorities to initiate ameliorative interventions to better balance children's screen time and playtime as Indonesia emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic to a COVID-19 endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Nopembri
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rizki Mulyawan
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Puji Yanti Fauziah
- Nonformal Education Department, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Erma Kusumawardani
- Nonformal Education Department, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Indri Hapsari Susilowati
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Lukman Fauzi
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Widya Hary Cahyati
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Tandiyo Rahayu
- Physical Education Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Terence Buan Kiong Chua
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Michael Yong Hwa Chia
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Salway R, Walker R, Sansum K, House D, Emm-Collison L, Reid T, Breheny K, Williams JG, de Vocht F, Hollingworth W, Foster C, Jago R. Screen-viewing behaviours of children before and after the 2020-21 COVID-19 lockdowns in the UK: a mixed methods study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:116. [PMID: 36650495 PMCID: PMC9843116 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-14976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased screen-viewing among children, especially during strict periods of lockdown. However, the extent to which screen-viewing patterns in UK school children have changed post lockdowns is unclear. The aim of this paper is to examine how screen-viewing changed in 10-11-year-old children over the 2020-21 COVID-19 pandemic, how this compares to before the pandemic, and the influences on screen-viewing behaviour. METHODS This is a mixed methods study with 10-11-year-olds from 50 schools in the Greater Bristol area, UK. Cross-sectional questionnaire data on minutes of weekday and weekend television (TV) viewing and total leisure screen-viewing were collected pre-COVID-19 in 2017-18 (N = 1,296) and again post-lockdowns in 2021 (N = 393). Data were modelled using Poisson mixed models, adjusted for age, gender, household education and seasonality, with interactions by gender and household education. Qualitative data were drawn from six focus groups (47 children) and 21 one-to-one parent interviews that explored screen-viewing behaviour during the pandemic and analysed using the framework method. RESULTS Total leisure screen-viewing was 11% (95% CI: 12%-18%) higher post-lockdown compared to pre-COVID-19 on weekdays, and 8% (95% CI: 6%-10%) on weekends, equating to around 12-15 min. TV-viewing (including streaming) was higher by 68% (95% CI: 63%-74%) on weekdays and 80% (95% CI: 75%-85%) on weekend days. Differences in both were higher for girls and children from households with lower educational attainment. Qualitative themes reflected an unavoidable increase in screen-based activities during lockdowns, the resulting habitualisation of screen-viewing post-lockdown, and the role of the parent in reducing post-2020/21 lockdown screen-viewing. CONCLUSIONS Although screen-viewing was higher post-lockdown compared to pre-COVID-19, the high increases reported during lockdowns were not, on average, sustained post-lockdown. This may be attributed to a combination of short-term fluctuations during periods of strict restrictions, parental support in regulating post-lockdown behaviour and age-related, rather than COVID-19-specific, increases in screen-viewing. However, socio-economic differences in our sample suggest that not all families were able to break the COVID-19-related adoption of screen-viewing, and that some groups may need additional support in managing a healthy balance of screen-viewing and other activities following the lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Salway
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert Walker
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ United Kingdom
| | - Kate Sansum
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ United Kingdom
| | - Danielle House
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Emm-Collison
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ United Kingdom
| | - Tom Reid
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ United Kingdom ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS United Kingdom
| | - Katie Breheny
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS United Kingdom
| | - Joanna G. Williams
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS United Kingdom ,grid.33692.3d0000 0001 0048 3880 Communities and Public Health, Bristol City Council, Bristol, BS1 9NE United Kingdom
| | - Frank de Vocht
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS United Kingdom ,grid.410421.20000 0004 0380 7336Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), The National Institute for Health Research, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS1 2NT United Kingdom
| | - William Hollingworth
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS United Kingdom ,grid.410421.20000 0004 0380 7336Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), The National Institute for Health Research, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS1 2NT United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Foster
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ United Kingdom
| | - Russell Jago
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ United Kingdom ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS United Kingdom ,grid.410421.20000 0004 0380 7336Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), The National Institute for Health Research, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS1 2NT United Kingdom ,grid.410421.20000 0004 0380 7336NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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103
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Moroney E, Lee SS, Ebbert AM, Luthar SS. Digital media use frequency, online behaviors, and risk for negative mental health in adolescents in high-achieving schools. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 28:237-254. [PMID: 35770791 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221108834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Replicated evidence shows that adolescents enrolled in high-achieving schools exhibit elevated mental health problems relative to national norms, reflecting risk factors such as achievement and social pressures. The frequency of digital media use is similarly a potential risk factor for poor youth mental health, although mediators of this association have not been identified. 2952 youth from three high-achieving U.S. high schools reported the frequency of their digital media use as well as internalizing and externalizing problems and substance use. Using a multiple mediation framework, the frequency of social comparison, receiving negative feedback, and risky self-presentation online each uniquely mediated the association of digital media use with internalizing and externalizing problems in boys and girls; for substance use, risky self-presentation mediated this association in both boys and girls and negative feedback mediated substance use in girls only. Measurable online behaviors in the form of social comparison, negative feedback, and self-presentation may crucially underlie the association of digital media use frequency with socio-emotional development in adolescents. Implications for intervention focused on impacting online behaviors for improving youth mental health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley M Ebbert
- Authentic Connections; University of Southern California, USA
| | - Suniya S Luthar
- Authentic Connections; Columbia University's Teachers College (Emerita), USA
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Güneş H, Tanıdır C, Doktur H, Yılmaz S, Yıldız D, Özbek F, Bozbey S, Özşirin G. Prenatal, perinatal, postnatal risk factors, and excess screen time in autism spectrum disorder. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15383. [PMID: 36210656 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate pre-, peri-, and postnatal factors, screen time in a group of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and age and sex-matched clinical controls to evaluate risk factors specific to ASD. METHODS The study included 211 ASD patients (177 boys, 34 girls; mean age 44.3 ± 13.0 months) and 241 (190 boys, 51 girls; mean age 44.6 ± 14.1 months) age and sex group matched clinical controls. Non-ASD diagnoses were expressive language disorder (n = 135, 56.0%), intellectual disability (n = 15, 6.2%), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (n = 6, 2.4%), oppositional disorder (n = 6, 2.4%), and other behavioral or emotional problems (no diagnosis; n = 79, 32.8%). A sociodemographic data form was used to collect data regarding pre-, peri-, and postnatal factors and total daily screen exposure. RESULTS According to our findings, maternal severe psychological stress and depression during pregnancy, and maternal postpartum depression were more frequent in the ASD group (p = 0.005, p = 0.035, and p = 0.001 respectively). There was a statistically significant difference between groups with regards to maternal any medication use during pregnancy (p = 0.004). The mean duration of daily screen exposure was higher in the ASD group (9.90 ± 5.10 h) compared to non-ASD children (4.46 ± 3.40 h; p < 0.001). A ROC curve showed that 8.5 h and above total daily screen exposure (AUC = 0.808 [95% CI: 0.769-0.848], p < 0.001; 55% sensitivity, 90.5% specificity) is likely to be associated with increased risk for ASD. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that prenatal maternal psychological stress, prenatal and postpartum depression, and excess exposure to screen might be related to an increased risk for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Güneş
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Tanıdır
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Doktur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurological Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Deniz Yıldız
- Department of Child Development, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Özbek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Bozbey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Luleburgaz State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Özşirin
- Mental Health Department Bahcelievler, District Health Directorate, Istanbul, Turkey
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105
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Miyamura K, Nawa N, Isumi A, Doi S, Ochi M, Fujiwara T. Impact of exposure to secondhand smoke on the risk of obesity in early adolescence. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:260-266. [PMID: 35963886 PMCID: PMC9375634 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) might be associated with obesity in children. This study aimed to evaluate whether continuous, quit, or start exposure to SHS was associated with obesity risk in early adolescents. METHODS We used population-based longitudinal data of primary school students in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, in 2018 (4th grade) and 2020 (6th grade) and studied 3605 students. The association between continuous, quit, start, or never exposed to SHS from 4th to 6th grade and BMI categories (underweight or normal weight, overweight, obesity) in 6th grade was investigated using ordinal logistic regression models. RESULTS Continuous SHS group showed a higher risk of being in the high BMI category than no SHS group (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.16-1.96). The stratified analyses by sex showed a similar association in boys (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.25-2.44) but not in girls (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.74-1.76). Quitting SHS group did not show a higher risk of being in the high BMI category than no SHS group (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.75-1.66) and the same was true for boys (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.88-2.41). CONCLUSIONS Continuous SHS was a risk factor for obesity in boys in early adolescence; however, quitting SHS may help prevent it. IMPACT Continuous secondhand smoke (SHS) was not associated with a higher risk of obesity in early adolescence in girls. Continuous SHS can be a risk factor for obesity in early adolescence in boys. Quitting SHS may help to prevent obesity in early adolescence in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Miyamura
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Ochi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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106
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Thompson DA, Tschann JM, Jimenez-Zambrano AM, Martinez SM, Reyes GA, Solis GA, Clark L. Screen-related discord and dismay in low-income Mexican American families with toddlers: A qualitative study. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 68:60-67. [PMID: 36396565 PMCID: PMC10168647 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding parental experiences with managing their toddler's screen use is important to inform the design of interventions addressing early childhood screen use, yet current evidence is limited. To enhance our understanding of the context of toddler screen use, this study characterizes the screen-related discord and dismay parents experience in families with toddlers. DESIGN AND METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted to explore everyday experiences with screen use among low-income Mexican American caregivers of toddlers (21 mothers, 10 fathers, 1 grandmother). Transcripts were content analyzed to identify prominent themes. RESULTS Three themes were identified. Experiences of screen-related discord and dismay arose (1) between parent and child, (2) between parents, and (3) surfaced as parental internal dissonance about toddler screen use. Parent-child discord resulted from parental limit setting and child reactions to parental screen use, which often included tantrums. Parent-partner discord included patterns of agreeing to disagree and direct disagreement between partners. Parents also reported their own feelings of ambivalence and dismay as they struggled to reconcile their preferences against their toddler's actual screen use, while living in a screen-saturated world. CONCLUSIONS Findings offer insight into types of screen-related discord and dismay low-income Mexican American parents experience as they attempt to manage their toddler's screen use. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Although discord in families is normal, the screen-specific discord reported by participants warrants consideration in efforts promoting healthy screen use in families. Providers can tailor their counseling to consider the range of screen-related discord families of toddlers may experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy A Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America; Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Jeanne M Tschann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrea M Jimenez-Zambrano
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Suzanna M Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Gabriela A Reyes
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Guadalupe A Solis
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Lauren Clark
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Raju V, Sharma A, Shah R, Tangella R, Yumnam SD, Singh J, Yadav J, Grover S. Problematic screen media use in children and adolescents attending child and adolescent psychiatric services in a tertiary care center in North India. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:83-89. [PMID: 36874524 PMCID: PMC9983455 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_182_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present clinic-based study aimed to evaluate screen media use among children and adolescents who had a mental disorder. METHODS Two hundred twelve parents of children and adolescents attending the child and adolescent psychiatric services were approached. They were asked to rate the screen media use of their child brought for psychiatric consultation using the Problematic Media Use Measure-Short Form (PMUM-SF). The DSM-5 criteria of internet gaming disorder (IGD) were applied using the PMUM-SF, which contained nine items equivalent to nine items of IGD. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 13.16 years (SD: 4.06; range: 0.8-18). Only 28.3% (n = 60) were aged less than 12 years. The most common primary diagnosis was neurodevelopment disorder (n = 82; 38.7%), followed by neurotic disorder (n = 62; 29.2%) and mood disorder (n = 30; 14.2%). The most common screen media used was television (n = 121; 57.1%) followed by the mobile phone (n = 81; 38.2%). The average screen time was 3.14 hours, with a range of 0.5-7 hours, and more than two-third of children and adolescents used screen gadgets for more than the recommended duration. Slightly more than one-fourth (22.2%) of children and adolescents with mental disorders fulfilled the DSM-5 criteria of IGD. When those with and without screen media addiction were compared, those with screen media addiction were more often male, from joint or extended families, more often diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders and disruptive disorder, and were less often diagnosed with neurotic disorders. CONCLUSION About one-fourth of the children and adolescents with mental disorders had screen media addiction, and two-thirds of them used screen media for more than the recommended duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Raju
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akhilesh Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ruchita Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravikanth Tangella
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sana Devi Yumnam
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaivinder Yadav
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Pedersen W, Bakken A, Stefansen K, von Soest T. Sexual Victimization in the Digital Age: A Population-Based Study of Physical and Image-Based Sexual Abuse Among Adolescents. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:399-410. [PMID: 35059946 PMCID: PMC9859771 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents increasingly use social media platforms, and these practices open up new forms of sexual victimization, in particular image-based sexual abuse (IBSA). Few studies have examined prevalence rates and correlates of both physical sexual victimization (PSV) and these new forms of victimization in representative samples. We used data from 5,245 adolescent girls (53%) and 4,580 adolescent boys (47%) from the population-based Young in Oslo Study (mean age 17.1 years, SD = 0.9). Of all respondents, 2.9% had experienced IBSA, 4.3% PSV, and 1.7% both IBSA and PSV in the course of the previous 12 months. Multivariate analyses revealed that PSV victims, after control for other variables, had many characteristics described in previous studies of sexual victimization. Girls had higher prevalence rates than boys, many had been victims of other types of violence, and were part of peer groups with much use of alcohol and drugs. PSV victims also reported early intercourse onset and a higher proportion had been commercially sexually exploited. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents had higher victimization rates. Victims of both PSV and IBSA had a similar but even more pronounced profile. The IBSA victims were different: They lacked many of the traditional risk factors for sexual victimization, there were no significant gender differences in this group, and IBSA victims more often came from high socioeconomic backgrounds. In conclusion, we observe a reconfigured landscape of sexual victimization patterns among Norway adolescents due to their increasing participation on social media and digital platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Pedersen
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Box 1096 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
- Section for Youth Research, Norwegian Social Research, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anders Bakken
- Section for Youth Research, Norwegian Social Research, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Stefansen
- Section for Youth Research, Norwegian Social Research, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tilmann von Soest
- Section for Youth Research, Norwegian Social Research, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Cui Z, Zou P, Lin Z, Cao Y, Luo Y. Gender Differences in Excessive Screen Time among Chinese High School Students in Henan Province. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:721. [PMID: 36613042 PMCID: PMC9819855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In a technology-driven society, adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the effects of excessive screen time, and gender disparities are notable. However, evidence on the gender difference in excessive screen time among Chinese high school students is scarce. This study examined gender differences in excessive screen time and its impact on mental health and urinary incontinence among 15,055 high school-aged adolescents, including 7514 (49.9%) males and 7541 (50.1%) females with the mean age of 16.72 (SD 0.88) in Henan Province, China. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design was applied. Mental Health Inventory of Middle School Students and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form was used to collect data about mental health and urinary incontinence status. The percentage of students reporting excessive screen time was 9.4%, predominantly male (15.3% versus 3.5%; p < 0.001). Physical disease, living on campus, and cigarette or alcohol consumption were common factors associated with excessive screen time in both genders. Students in their second or third year showed significantly lower rates of excessive screen time than their peers. In males, younger age, active sexual behavior, chronic constipation, and having a mother with a Ph.D. degree were factors associated with a higher probability of reporting excessive screen time, while females living in a rural-urban continuum or whose mothers have a junior college degree were associated with higher odds of reporting excessive screen times. Excessive screen time was significantly positively correlated with mental health problems and urinary incontinence (p < 0.05). Results suggests the need to address excessive screen time and to focus separately on the mechanisms influencing excessive screen time in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenti Cui
- School of Nursing, Sias University, Zhengzhou 451100, China
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Ping Zou
- Scholar Practitioner Program, School of Nursing, Faculty of Education and Professional Studies, Nipissing University, Toronto, ON M5T 1V4, Canada
| | - Zihan Lin
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yingdong Cao
- School of Nursing, Sias University, Zhengzhou 451100, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
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Eskandari H, Vahdani Asadi MR, Khodabandelou R. The effects of mobile phone use on students’ emotional-behavioural functioning, and academic and social competencies. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02667363.2022.2151981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Eskandari
- Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
| | | | - Rouhollah Khodabandelou
- Department of Instructional & Learning Technologies, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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111
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Khoo CS, Ramachandram S, Ramachandram S. The Effect of Parent Training Programmes on Screen Time and Social Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Malays J Med Sci 2022; 29:146-157. [PMID: 36818902 PMCID: PMC9910363 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2022.29.6.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are susceptible to excessive electronic screen media (ESM) use. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a parent training programme in improving the screen time and social functioning of children with ASD. Methods This pre-/post-test quasi-experimental study involved parents by providing them with structured education based on the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)' screen time recommendations. In total, 259 children with ASD aged 3 years old-12 years old were eligible. Of those children, 26 were excluded due to comorbidities or taking medications. Additionally, 28 parents participated. Children's screen time were recorded, and social behaviour was scored using the Social Responsiveness Scale pre- and post-intervention. Results There were significant reductions in the average daily screen time of children with ASD after their parents attended the training programme (-51.25 min; 95% CI: -78.40, -24.10). In subgroups with reduced screen time, the treatment effect of the intervention was significant in improving the social responsiveness total score (-3.09; 95% CI: -5.96, -0.22), the social communication scale (-3.64; 95% CI: -5.91, -1.36) and the restricted interest and repetitive behaviour (RRB) scale (-5.27; 95% CI: -10.29, -0.25). Conclusion Parental training is effective in reducing screen time and improving social functioning in children with ASD.
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112
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Screen Media Exposure in Early Childhood and Its Relation to Children’s Self-Regulation. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4490166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-regulation, the ability to control thoughts, emotions, and behavior for goal-directed activities, shows rapid development in infancy, toddlerhood, and preschool periods. Early self-regulatory skills predict later academic achievement and socioemotional adjustment. An increasing number of studies suggest that screen media use may have negative effects on children’s developing self-regulatory skills. In this systematic review, we summarized and integrated the findings of the studies investigating the relationship between young children’s screen media use and their self-regulation. We searched the ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases and identified 39 relevant articles with 45 studies. We found that screen time in infancy is negatively associated with self-regulation, but findings were more inconsistent for later ages suggesting that screen time does not adequately capture the extent of children’s screen media use. The findings further indicated that background TV is negatively related to children’s self-regulation, and watching fantastical content seems to have immediate negative effects on children’s self-regulatory skills. We suggest that future studies should take the content and context of children’s screen media use into account and also focus on parent- and home-related factors such as parental behaviors that foster the development of self-regulatory skills.
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113
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Rea S, Zynda A, Allison B, Tolleson-Rinehart S. Adolescent Perceptions of Technology-Based Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: A Systematic Review. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:533-544. [PMID: 35717326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Technology-based services, including telehealth, text messaging, and the internet are increasingly popular methods for adolescents and young adults (AYA) to access sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and healthcare. This systematic review examined AYA perceptions of privacy and confidentiality of technology-based SRH services. The PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO were systematically searched in May 2021 to capture relevant qualitative or quantitative articles from the past 10 years. Included studies had AYA (i.e., mean age, 13-26-years with <10% of the sample outside this range), technology-based services for SRH, and outcomes of perceived privacy or confidentiality. Twenty-eight articles were included (N = 8638 AYA). Most studies utilized the internet and mobile apps to address human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), sexually transmitted infections, and general SRH topics. Most AYA reported that these services were private and confidential, with minimal differences across SRH topic addressed. More interactive services had greater concerns (e.g., family or friends seeing notifications). Most AYA considered technology-based SRH to be confidential and private. As technology will likely remain an integrated part of healthcare delivery, improving the privacy and confidentiality of these services can facilitate AYA's independent and autonomous engagement in SRH care, and potentially improve their SRH outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Rea
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Aaron Zynda
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Bianca Allison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sue Tolleson-Rinehart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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114
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Nagpal N, Messito MJ, Katzow M, Gross RS. Obesity in Children. Pediatr Rev 2022; 43:601-617. [PMID: 36316265 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2021-005095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Child obesity is widely prevalent, and general pediatricians play an important role in identifying and caring for patients with obesity. Appropriate evaluation and treatment require an understanding of the complex etiology of child obesity, its intergenerational transmission, and its epidemiologic trends, including racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities. The American Academy of Pediatrics has published screening, evaluation, and treatment guidelines based on the best available evidence. However, gaps in evidence remain, and implementation of evidence-based recommendations can be challenging. It is important to review optimal care in both the primary care and multidisciplinary weight management settings. This allows for timely evaluation and appropriate referrals, with the pediatrician playing a key role in advocating for patients at higher risk. There is also a role for larger-scale prevention and policy measures that would not only aid pediatricians in managing obesity but greatly benefit child health on a population scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Nagpal
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY
| | - Mary Jo Messito
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY
| | - Michelle Katzow
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Rachel S Gross
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY
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115
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Modecki KL, Goldberg RE, Wisniewski P, Orben A. What Is Digital Parenting? A Systematic Review of Past Measurement and Blueprint for the Future. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:1673-1691. [PMID: 35816673 PMCID: PMC9634335 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211072458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about parenting adolescents are not new, but the rapid diffusion of digital technologies has heightened anxieties over digital parenting. Findings are decidedly mixed regarding the impact of digital technologies on adolescent well-being, and parents are left to navigate their concerns without an empirically based road map. A missing link for understanding the state of the science is a clear characterization of how digital parenting is measured, including an evaluation of which areas demand an outsized share of scientific attention and which have been overlooked. To address this gap, we undertook two interdisciplinary systematic reviews of the digital-parenting literature and characterized measurement across (a) quantitative surveys (n = 145 studies) and (b) qualitative focus groups, interviews, codesign studies, and user studies (n = 49). We describe previously popular areas of survey measurement that are of decreasing relevance to parenting of digital spaces (e.g., co-use, hovering). We likewise highlight areas that have been overlooked, including consideration of positive uses of digital technologies, acknowledgment of bidirectional influence, and attention to heterogeneity among families and to extraparental social ecologies of support and monitoring. We provide recommendations for the future of digital-parenting research and propose a more comprehensive approach to measuring how modern adolescents are parented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Modecki
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland,
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University,Kathryn L. Modecki, Menzies Health
Institute Queensland, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University
| | | | | | - Amy Orben
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit,
University of Cambridge
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116
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Haddock A, Ward N, Yu R, O’Dea N. Positive Effects of Digital Technology Use by Adolescents: A Scoping Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114009. [PMID: 36360887 PMCID: PMC9658971 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the research literature published from 2012 to 2022 on the relationship between increases in adolescent consumption of digital technologies and its impact on multiple areas of development, with a focus on how adolescent immersion in an increasingly ubiquitous digital world engenders positive outcomes in terms of brain, cognitive, and social-emotional development. The literature search yielded 131 articles, 53 of which were empirical studies of the relationship between increases in consumption of digital technology and brain development, cognitive development, or social-emotional development among adolescents. Overall, these studies identify positive outcomes for adolescents who use different types of digital tech, including the internet, social media, and video games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Haddock
- Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology, Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Nadia Ward
- Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology, Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Rondy Yu
- School of Education, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nicole O’Dea
- Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology, Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
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117
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Willis EA, Hales D, Smith FT, Burney R, El-Zaatari HM, Rzepka MC, Amft O, Barr R, Evenson KR, Kosorok MR, Ward DS. Feasibility and Acceptability of Wearable Sensor Placement for Measuring Screen Time of Children. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2022; 7:e000214. [PMID: 36420110 PMCID: PMC9677178 DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction/Purpose Wearables that include a color light sensor are a promising measure of electronic screen use in adults. However, to extend this approach to children, we need to understand feasibility of wear placement. The purpose of this study was to examine parent perceptions of children's acceptability of different sensor placements and feasibility of free-living 3- to 7-day wear protocols. Methods This study was conducted in three phases. In phase 1, caregivers (n=161) of 3- to 8-year-old children completed an online survey to rate aspects of fitting and likelihood of wear for seven methods (headband, eyeglasses, skin adhesive patch, shirt clip/badge, mask, necklace, and vest). In phase 2, children (n=31) were recruited to wear one of the top five prototypes for three days (n=6 per method). In phase 3, children (n=23) were recruited to wear prototypes of the top three prototypes from phase 2 (n=8 per method) for 7 days. In phases 2 and 3, parents completed wear logs and surveys about their experiences. Parents scored each wearable on three domains (ease of use, likelihood of wear, and child enjoyment). Scores were averaged to compute an everyday "usability" score (0, worst, to 200, best). Results Phase 1 results suggested that the headband, eyeglasses, patch, clip/badge, and vest had the best potential for long-term wear. In phase 2, time spent wearing prototypes and usability scores were highest for the eyeglasses (10.4 hours/day, score=155.4), clip/badge (9.8 hours/day, score=145.8), and vest (7.1 hours/day, score=141.7). In phase 3, wearing time and usability scores were higher for the clip/badge (9.4 hours/day, score=169.6) and eyeglasses (6.5 hours/day, score=145.3) compared to the vest (4.8 hours/day, score=112.5). Conclusion Results indicate that wearable sensors clipped to a child's shirt or embedded into eyeglasses are feasible and acceptable wear methods in free-living settings. The next step is to asses the quality, validity, and reliability of data captured using these wear methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A. Willis
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Derek Hales
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Falon T. Smith
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Regan Burney
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Helal M. El-Zaatari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michelle C. Rzepka
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Oliver Amft
- Chair of Digital Health, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Intelligent Embedded Systems Laboratory, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rachel Barr
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Kelly R. Evenson
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael R. Kosorok
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Dianne S. Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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118
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Gupta C, Jogdand DS, Kumar M. Reviewing the Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of Adolescents and Young Adults. Cureus 2022; 14:e30143. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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119
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Bagot KS, Tomko RL, Marshall AT, Hermann J, Cummins K, Ksinan A, Kakalis M, Breslin F, Lisdahl KM, Mason M, Redhead JN, Squeglia LM, Thompson WK, Wade T, Tapert SF, Fuemmeler BF, Baker FC. Youth screen use in the ABCD® study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 57:101150. [PMID: 36084446 PMCID: PMC9465320 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent screen usage is ubiquitous and influences development and behavior. Longitudinal screen usage data coupled with psychometrically valid constructs of problematic behaviors can provide insights into these relationships. We describe methods by which the screen usage questionnaire was developed in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, demonstrate longitudinal changes in screen usage via child report and describe data harmonization baseline-year 2. We further include psychometric analyses of adapted social media and video game addiction scales completed by youth. Nearly 12,000 children ages 9-10 years at baseline and their parents were included in the analyses. The social media addiction questionnaire (SMAQ) showed similar factor structure and item loadings across sex and race/ethnicities, but that item intercepts varied across both sex and race/ethnicity. The videogame addiction questionnaire (VGAQ) demonstrated the same configural, metric and scalar invariance across racial and ethnic groups, however differed across sex. Video gaming and online social activity increased over ages 9/10-11/12 (p's < 0.001). Compared with boys, girls engaged in greater social media use (p < .001) and demonstrated higher ratings on the SMAQ (p < .001). Compared with girls, boys played more video games (p < .001) and demonstrated higher ratings on the VGAQ (p < .001). Time spent playing video games increased more steeply for boys than girls from age 9/10-11/12 years (p < .001). Black youth demonstrated significantly higher SMAQ and VGAQ scores compared to all other racial/ethnic groups. These data show the importance of considering different screen modalities beyond total screen use and point towards clear demographic differences in use patterns. With these comprehensive data, ABCD is poised to address critical questions about screen usage changes across adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Bagot
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - R L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - A T Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Hermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Cummins
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - A Ksinan
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - M Kakalis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Breslin
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - K M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - M Mason
- Center for Behavioral Health Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - J N Redhead
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - L M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - W K Thompson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - T Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - S F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - B F Fuemmeler
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - F C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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120
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Onyeaka HK, Muoghalu C, Baiden P, Okine L, Szlyk HS, Peoples JE, Kasson E, Cavazos-Rehg MSWP, Firth J, Torous J. Excessive screen time behaviors and cognitive difficulties among adolescents in the United States: Results from the 2017 and 2019 national youth risk behavior survey. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114740. [PMID: 35932571 PMCID: PMC9531574 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of digital media by young people has generated speculations that their excessive use may have deleterious cognitive effects. Previous studies examining the association between screen time and cognitive deficits in youth have yielded mixed conclusions. We study this association using a nationally representative sample of school going adolescents in the United States. METHODS We queried data from the 2017 and 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 17,076 adolescents was analyzed using binary logistic regression. Outcome variable was cognitive difficulties (difficulty in concentrating, remembering, or making decisions), and the explanatory variable was excessive screen-time behaviors. RESULTS Of the 17,076 adolescents, about one in three (34.1%) had cognitive difficulties, and 45% of adolescents engaged in excessive screen-time behaviors on an average school day. After adjusting for covariates, the odds were 1.28 times higher for adolescents who engaged in excessive screen-time behaviors to report serious cognitive difficulties compared to adolescents who did not engage in excessive screen-time behaviors (AOR = 1.28, p < .001, 95% CI = 1.18-1.40). CONCLUSION Study results support the association between excessive screen behaviors and cognitive difficulties in adolescence. Findings of this study are discussed with implications for practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry K Onyeaka
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02115, USA; McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02478, USA
| | - Chioma Muoghalu
- Plains Regional Medical Center, Clovis, NM 88101, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, NC 27710, USA
| | - Philip Baiden
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Lucinda Okine
- University of Southern California, USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W 34th St. Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hannah S Szlyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - JaNiene E Peoples
- The Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Erin Kasson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - M S W Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John Torous
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Kim DM, Kim BM, Kim KH. The Mediating Effects of Food Content Watching Motivation on the between Watching Time and Nutrition Quotient of Adolescents in Seoul, Korea. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193901. [PMID: 36235554 PMCID: PMC9572136 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-related content varies widely and is increasingly popular. Using various media, teenagers can easily access food content, which could affect they eating habits. This study was conducted to confirm the effects of watching motivation on the relationship between food content watching time and eating habits among adolescents in Seoul, Korea. Exactly 806 participants were surveyed about their food content watching status, including watching time and watching motivation. The Nutrition Quotient for adolescents (NQ-A) questionnaire was used to confirm eating habits. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to classify watching motivation’s subfactors. A parallel multimedia model was used to analyze the effect of watching motivation on the relationship between food content watching time and eating habits. As a result of this study, following the factor analysis, watching motivation was classified into information acquisition, emotional satisfaction, and enjoyment. The influence of food content watching time on NQ-A scores through information acquisition motivation was positively significant, whereas that through emotional satisfaction motivation was negatively significant. Enjoyment motivation did not indirectly affect the relationship between food content watching time and NQ-A scores. Hence, attention should be paid to these mediating factors when analyzing the relationship between watching food-related content and eating habits. Developing and distributing content that meets viewing motivations should help improve adolescents’ eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-901-8591; Fax: +82-2-901-8372
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122
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Landoni M, Silverio SA, Ionio C, Giordano F. Managing Children's Fears during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Strategies Adopted by Italian Caregivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11699. [PMID: 36141968 PMCID: PMC9517545 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life-threatening events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may generate feelings of insecurity and fear in the affected population, particularly children. Parents' ability to help children cope with negative emotions is essential during challenging periods. The current study aims to analyse the coping strategies adopted by Italian caregivers concerning their children's fears about COVID-19. METHOD An online survey was administered during the Italian lockdown to 649 parents of at least one child aged 5 to 17 years old. Respondents completed the survey for themselves and their children. In addition, a qualitative content analysis of the data from the open-ended question was conducted (N = 569; 87.9% women; MAge = 45 years). RESULTS Several themes were identified. Firstly, families' primary approach was 'communication and meaning-making'. Secondly, another essential strategy was 'the importance of safe space', enabled by keeping routine in place and creating a loving and caring environment. Thirdly, other factors relevant to managing children's fears were 'adaptation', 'religion', 'a positive attitude', and 'humour and hope'. Finally, the last two strategies significant and valuable for Italian families were 'flexibility' and 'maintaining virtual contacts. CONCLUSION During the pandemic COVID-19, parents may have used various strategies to protect their children from stress. Future research could investigate single parents' coping strategies explicitly developed during the COVID-19 lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Landoni
- CriDee Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio A. Silverio
- Department of Women & Children’s Health, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Chiara Ionio
- CriDee Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Giordano
- RiRes Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
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Liebherr M, Kohler M, Brailovskaia J, Brand M, Antons S. Screen Time and Attention Subdomains in Children Aged 6 to 10 Years. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091393. [PMID: 36138702 PMCID: PMC9497664 DOI: 10.3390/children9091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Using digital media has become the most popular leisure activity for children and adolescents. The effects of digital media use on the developing brain and cognitive processes of children are subject to debate. Here, we examine the effect of digital media use on attention subdomains in children aged 6 to 10 years. In total, 77 children participated in the study. Selective and divided attention as well as switching between attentional subdomains were quantified by the SwAD-task. Parents were asked to assess the screen time of their children (smartphone, laptop/PC, game console, tablet, TV). Results show no main or interaction effects of screen time on any of the attention conditions investigated. Based on the present findings as well as previous studies, we suggest a possible non-linear relationship between the amount of screen time and attention function. Furthermore, we emphasize the relevance of considering the socio-economic background of children and a need for longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Liebherr
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition & Center for Behavioral Addiction Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Magnus Liebherr, Forsthausweg 2, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 45141 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-203-3793198; Fax: +49-203-3791846
| | - Mark Kohler
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Julia Brailovskaia
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition & Center for Behavioral Addiction Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Magnus Liebherr, Forsthausweg 2, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Antons
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition & Center for Behavioral Addiction Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Magnus Liebherr, Forsthausweg 2, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 45141 Essen, Germany
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124
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Pagani LS, Jalbert M, Derevensky JL. From one year to the next: Video gaming life-style predicts subsequent psychosocial risk in adolescent boys and girls. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:1554-1560. [PMID: 35657173 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The ubiquitous societal presence of screens and gaming software is ever growing in popularity. However, can this recreational life-style pose risks for children's psychosocial adjustment? We thus examine associations between gaming life-style and later psychosocial development. METHODS The study sample originates from the 2120 boys and girls from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development birth cohort. At age 12, 625 boys and 702 girls from the original sample self-reported the number of hours engaged in video gaming per week and 1 year later, they self-reported psychosocial outcomes. RESULTS Among boys, higher weekly video gaming frequency at age 12 forecasted increases in subsequent reactive aggression, emotional distress and ADHD symptoms at age 13. For girls, higher weekly video gaming frequency at age 12 predicted increases in subsequent reactive aggression and ADHD symptoms at age 13. No association between video game use and emotional distress was found for girls. CONCLUSION In both boys and girls, a more intense video gaming life-style predicted subsequent risks for reactive aggression and ADHD symptoms, compared with their same sex counterparts reporting less intensity. For boys only, video gaming was associated with subsequent reactive emotional distress, likely due to the gender differences in violent content. Our data were collected at a time when there were less versatile screen-based technologies; therefore, our findings can be interpreted as very conservative compared to current estimates. Paediatric professionals and allied disciplines must take preventive measures to ensure that parents are aware of the risks associated with excessive use by their sons and daughters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Pagani
- School of Psycho-Education, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Sainte-Justine's Pediatric Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,School Environment Research Group, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mégane Jalbert
- School of Psycho-Education, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Derevensky
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling and International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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125
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Guo H, Ma J, Chua TBK, Tay LY, Chia MYH, Kim H. Associations between Parents' Digital Media Habits, Engagement, Awareness, and Movement Guidelines among Preschool-Age Children: International Ipreschooler Surveillance Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10484. [PMID: 36078198 PMCID: PMC9517775 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The 24-hour movement guidelines (24-h MG) recommend behaviors (physical activity, screen time, sleep) to aid appropriate physical and mental development in early childhood. This research examined parents' digital media habits (DMH), engagement (DME), and awareness (DMA) among parents in relation to their preschool-aged children's 24-h MG in Japan and identified and compared the modifiable determinants of adherence to 24-h MG in urban and rural regions. This cross-sectional study included 867 participants and data were obtained from the International Ipreschooler Surveillance Study Among Asians and OtheRs (IISSAAR). The results revealed that adherence to weekend screen time recommendations and weekday sleep duration were higher in the urban region. The parents' digital media variables that predicted moderate-intensity to vigorous-intensity physical activity among preschool-aged children were parents' DME and DMA in the urban regions and parents' DME in the rural regions. The children's screen time was significantly associated with parents' DMH, DME, and DMA in the urban regions and with parents' DMH and DMA in the rural regions (p < 0.005, p < 0.001, respectively). This study confirmed that parents' DMH, DME, and DMA are strong predictors of adherence to 24-h MG among preschool-aged children living in both rural and urban regions in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Guo
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 169-8050, Japan
| | - Jiameng Ma
- Faculty of Sports Science, Sendai University, Shibata 989-1693, Japan
| | - Terence Buan Kiong Chua
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Lee Yong Tay
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Michael Yong Hwa Chia
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Hyunshik Kim
- Faculty of Sports Science, Sendai University, Shibata 989-1693, Japan
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126
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Bozzola E, Spina G, Agostiniani R, Barni S, Russo R, Scarpato E, Di Mauro A, Di Stefano AV, Caruso C, Corsello G, Staiano A. The Use of Social Media in Children and Adolescents: Scoping Review on the Potential Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19169960. [PMID: 36011593 PMCID: PMC9407706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, social media has become part of our lives, even among children. From the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic period, media device and Internet access rapidly increased. Adolescents connected Internet alone, consulting social media, mostly Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. During "lockdown", the Internet usage allowed communication with peers and the continuity activities such as school teaching. However, we have to keep in mind that media usage may be related to some adverse consequences especially in the most vulnerable people, such as the young. Aim of the review is to focus on risks correlated to social media use by children and adolescents, identifying spies of rising problems and engaging in preventive recommendations. The scoping review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, searching on PubMed the terms "social media" or "social network", "health", and "pediatrics". Excluding articles not pertinent, we found 68 reports. Out of them, 19 were dealing with depression, 15 with diet, and 15 with psychological problems, which appeared to be the most reported risk of social media use. Other identified associated problems were sleep, addiction, anxiety, sex related issues, behavioral problems, body image, physical activity, online grooming, sight, headache, and dental caries. Public and medical awareness must rise over this topic and new prevention measures must be found, starting with health practitioners, caregivers, and websites/application developers. Pediatricians should be aware of the risks associated to a problematic social media use for the young's health and identify sentinel signs in children as well as prevent negative outcomes in accordance with the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bozzola
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Spina
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Rino Agostiniani
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, San Jacopo Hospital, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - Sarah Barni
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Russo
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Scarpato
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences-Section of Pediatric, University Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Corsello
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences-Section of Pediatric, University Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
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127
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Puzio D, Makowska I, Rymarczyk K. Raising the Child-Do Screen Media Help or Hinder? The Quality over Quantity Hypothesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9880. [PMID: 36011514 PMCID: PMC9408637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Screen media are ubiquitous in human life across all age, cultural and socioeconomic groups. The ceaseless and dynamic growth of technological possibilities has given rise to questions regarding their effect on the well-being of children. Research in this area largely consists of cross-sectional studies; experimental and randomized studies are rare, which makes drawing causative conclusions difficult. However, the prevailing approach towards the use of screen media by children has focused on time limitations. The emerging evidence supports a more nuanced perspective. It appears that the older the child, the more important how the screen media are used becomes. Concentrating on the quality of the screen, time has become increasingly relevant in the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitated a transfer of educational and social functioning from real-life to the digital world. With this review, we aimed at gathering current knowledge on the correlations of different screen media use and development outcomes, as well as providing an overview of potential benefits that new technologies may provide to the pediatric population. To summarize, if one cannot evade screen time in children, how can we use it for children's maximum advantage?
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Puzio
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Makowska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Krystyna Rymarczyk
- Department of Biological Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Warsaw, 03-815 Warszawa, Poland
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Verdonschot A, Follong BM, Collins CE, de Vet E, Haveman-Nies A, Bucher T. Effectiveness of school-based nutrition intervention components on fruit and vegetable intake and nutrition knowledge in children aged 4-12 years old: an umbrella review. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:304-321. [PMID: 35947869 PMCID: PMC9912007 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT School-based nutrition interventions can support healthy eating in children. OBJECTIVE To identify components of school-based nutrition interventions and synthesize the impact on consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) and nutrition knowledge (NK) in children aged 4-12 y. DATA SOURCES Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and PICOS inclusion criteria, relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses, written in English, published between 2010 and August 2020, across 6 databases were identified. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and assessed the study quality. DATA ANALYSIS The JBI Critical Appraisal Instrument for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses was used to assess review quality, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to rate strength of evidence. RESULTS From 8 included reviews, 7 intervention components were identified: FV provision, gaming/computer-delivered, curriculum, experiential learning, reward/incentives, nudging, and caregiver involvement. FV provision had the greatest effect on F intake, gaming/computer-delivered on V intake, and curriculum on NK. CONCLUSION FV provision and gaming/computer-delivered components showed, overall, some positive effect on FV intake, as did the curriculum component on NK. More evidence evaluating single-component effectiveness that considers the setting and context of nutrition interventions is required to strengthen the evidence base. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO, registration no.: CRD42020152394.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliek Verdonschot
- A. Verdonschot, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. E-mail:
| | - Berit M Follong
- are with the School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,are with the Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (PRCPAN), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- are with the School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,are with the Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (PRCPAN), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emely de Vet
- are with the Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemien Haveman-Nies
- are with the Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Bucher
- are with the Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (PRCPAN), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,with the School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
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Associations of Adolescents’ Excessive Electronic Device Use, Emotional Symptoms, Sleep Difficulty, and Communication with Parents: Two-wave Comparison in the Czech Republic. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081186. [PMID: 36010076 PMCID: PMC9406689 DOI: 10.3390/children9081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents’ excessive electronic device use is associated with psychological problems. However, it is unknown which psychological symptom, including emotional symptoms and sleep difficulty, correlates with excessive electronic device use most strongly. Besides, according to the social displacement theory, parent–adolescent communication might mediate the relationship between excessive electronic device use and psychological symptoms. Using the Czech national survey Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) data in the years 2006 (n = 4782) and 2014 (n = 5082), we used network analysis to explore the relationship between psychological symptoms and excessive electronic device use. In addition, we conducted a mediation analysis to examine the role of parent–adolescent communication. The results revealed that excessive electronic device use correlated most strongly with adolescents’ irritability or bad temper, and this conclusion was stable in 2006 and 2014. In 2014, parent–adolescent communication mediated the relationship between adolescents’ excessive electronic device use and their psychological symptoms. The findings suggest that as the internet industry grows, it is essential to improve parent–adolescent communication quality to prevent adolescents’ psychological problems caused by excessive electronic device use.
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130
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Zhao J, Yu Z, Sun X, Wu S, Zhang J, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Jiang F. Association Between Screen Time Trajectory and Early Childhood Development in Children in China. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:768-775. [PMID: 35666518 PMCID: PMC9171655 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Screen time has become an integral part of children's daily lives. Nevertheless, the developmental consequences of screen exposure in young children remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the screen time trajectory from 6 to 72 months of age and its association with children's development at age 72 months in a prospective birth cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Women in Shanghai, China, who were at 34 to 36 gestational weeks and had an expected delivery date between May 2012 and July 2013 were recruited for this cohort study. Their children were followed up at 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 months of age. Children's screen time was classified into 3 groups at age 6 months: continued low (ie, stable amount of screen time), late increasing (ie, sharp increase in screen time at age 36 months), and early increasing (ie, large amount of screen time in early stages that remained stable after age 36 months). Cognitive development was assessed by specially trained research staff in a research clinic. Of 262 eligible mother-offspring pairs, 152 dyads had complete data regarding all variables of interest and were included in the analyses. Data were analyzed from September 2019 to November 2021. EXPOSURES Mothers reported screen times of children at 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 months of age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The cognitive development of children was evaluated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition, at age 72 months. Social-emotional development was measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, which was completed by the child's mother. The study described demographic characteristics, maternal mental health, child's temperament at age 6 months, and mental development at age 12 months by subgroups clustered by a group-based trajectory model. Group difference was examined by analysis of variance. RESULTS A total of 152 mother-offspring dyads were included in this study, including 77 girls (50.7%) and 75 boys (49.3%) (mean [SD] age of the mothers was 29.7 [3.3] years). Children's screen time trajectory from age 6 to 72 months was classified into 3 groups: continued low (110 [72.4%]), late increasing (17 [11.2%]), and early increasing (25 [16.4%]). Compared with the continued low group, the late increasing group had lower scores on the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (β coefficient, -8.23; 95% CI, -15.16 to -1.30; P < .05) and the General Ability Index (β coefficient, -6.42; 95% CI, -13.70 to 0.86; P = .08); the early increasing group presented with lower scores on the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (β coefficient, -6.68; 95% CI, -12.35 to -1.02; P < .05) and the Cognitive Proficiency Index (β coefficient, -10.56; 95% CI, -17.23 to -3.90; P < .01) and a higher total difficulties score (β coefficient, 2.62; 95% CI, 0.49-4.76; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study found that excessive screen time in early years was associated with poor cognitive and social-emotional development. This finding may be helpful in encouraging awareness among parents of the importance of onset and duration of children's screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, affiliated with School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangsheng Yu
- Clinical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoning Sun
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, affiliated with School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, affiliated with School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saishuang Wu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, affiliated with School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education–Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, affiliated with School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglan Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, affiliated with School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, affiliated with School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Ministry of Education–Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, affiliated with School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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131
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Are There Bidirectional Influences Between Screen Time Exposure and Social Behavioral Traits in Young Children? J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:362-369. [PMID: 35580310 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screen time in early childhood has been associated with children's prosocial and behavioral skills; however, the directionality of this relationship is unclear. We aimed to determine the direction of the relationship between screen time, social skills, and nonsocial behavioral traits in young children. METHODS This was a population-based, prospective cohort study with data across 5 time points. We examined the reciprocal relationships between caregiver-reported children's screen time at 12, 18, 24, 36, and 54 months and social behaviors collected using the Infant-Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment at 12 months; the Quantitative Checklist for Autism at 18, 24, and 36 months; and the Social Responsiveness Scale at 54 months. Cross-lagged path models were used for analysis. RESULTS A multiple imputation data set and complete data from 229 participants were included in the analyses. Screen time at 12, 18, and 36 months predicted nonsocial behavioral traits at 54 months. Cross-lagged path models showed a clear direction from increased screen time at earlier time points to both poorer social skills and atypical behaviors at later time points (Akaike information criterion 18936.55, Bayesian information criterion 19210.73, root mean square error of approximation 0.037, and comparative fit index 0.943). Social skills or behavioral traits at a younger age did not predict later screen time at any of the time points. CONCLUSION Screen time in early childhood has lagged influences on social skills and nonsocial behaviors; the reverse relationship is not found. Close monitoring of social behaviors may be warranted in the setting of excessive screen time during early childhood.
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Predictors of Preadolescent Children's Recreational Screen Time Duration During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:353-361. [PMID: 34974463 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research suggests that children's screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic has doubled. There is a need to understand factors associated with increased use to more adequately inform COVID-19 pandemic recovery efforts aimed at promoting healthy device habits. The objective of this multi-informant study of children aged 9 to 11 years was to examine whether duration of screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic was predicted by sociodemographic factors (e.g., child age and sex), COVID-19 pandemic family stressors, daily routines (e.g., sleep and physical activity), and device use factors (e.g., parent management strategies and content and context of use). METHODS Participants included 846 children (M = 9.85, SD = 0.78) and their mothers from the All Our Families cohort, Calgary, Canada. Mothers reported (May-July 2020) on child screen use and COVID-19 pandemic impacts (e.g., job/income loss and stress), and children self-reported (July-August 2020) on their screen use and daily routines (e.g., sleep, physical activity, and device-free activities). RESULTS Screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic was highest among male and minoritized children and families reporting high levels of stress. Children had lower durations of screen time when device limits were set by mothers. Children also had lower durations of screen time when they used screens to connect with others and when they engaged in higher levels of physical activity or device-free recreational activities. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on children's screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic and supports the current screen use guidelines for school-aged children, suggesting that parents monitor use and foster high-quality screen use (e.g., coviewing or used for connection) and device-free recreational activities when possible.
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Shrestha R, Khatri B, Majhi S, Kayastha M, Suwal B, Sharma S, Suwal R, Adhikari S, Shrestha J, Upadhyay MP. Screen time and its correlates among children aged 3–10 years during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022; 7:bmjophth-2022-001052. [PMID: 36161845 PMCID: PMC9402449 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to determine the prevalence of high screen time among schoolchildren aged 3–10 years in Bhaktapur, its correlates and the parents’ strategies to reduce screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. Methods and analysis This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during March 2021. A total of 630 households were selected for the study from 21 randomly selected clusters in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Correlates of high screen time were determined using a logistic model. P<0.002 was taken as significant. Results Among all the participants, the mean (SD) age was 7.0 (2.2) years, with 50.3% male participation. Few participants had online classes (n=24, 3.8%). The prevalence of high screen time among the participants was very high (55.2%, 95% CI=51.3% to 59.1%), which is even higher in boys (61.8%, 95% CI=58.0% to 65.6%). The median screen time before the COVID-19 pandemic was 1.0 hours (mean rank=275.8) which increased to 2.2 hours (mean rank=116.6) during the pandemic (p<0.001). Participants having smartphones were about seven times (adjusted OR=6.9, 95% CI=1.5 to 31.3, p=0.013) more likely to have high screen time than those who did not have the device. Most parents used to reprimand and urge their children to play outside to limit their screen usage. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, about one in two schoolchildren of 3–10 years had higher screen time than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents’ strategies to reduce screen time were not effective. An intervention study is recommended to design and test effective strategies to reduce screen time and its negative effects on children’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Shrestha
- Academic and Research Department, Hospital for Children Eye ENT and Rehabilitation Services, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Bijay Khatri
- Academic and Research Department, Hospital for Children Eye ENT and Rehabilitation Services, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Sangita Majhi
- Academic and Research Department, Hospital for Children Eye ENT and Rehabilitation Services, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Manish Kayastha
- Academic and Research Department, Hospital for Children Eye ENT and Rehabilitation Services, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Barsha Suwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital for Children Eye ENT and Rehabilitation Services, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Samata Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital for Children Eye ENT and Rehabilitation Services, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Rinkal Suwal
- Vision Therapy, Hospital for Children Eye ENT and Rehabilitation Services, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Santoshi Adhikari
- Ethical Review, Monitoring and Evaluation Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Junu Shrestha
- Central Department of Public Health, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Nepal
| | - Madan Prasad Upadhyay
- Hospital for Children Eye ENT and Rehabilitation Services, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Nepal
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Smit CR, Bevelander KE, de Leeuw RNH, Buijzen M. Motivating Social Influencers to Engage in Health Behavior Interventions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:885688. [PMID: 35936257 PMCID: PMC9354713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.885688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social influencers are widely known as the promotors of purchase behavior as well as for their potential to change health behaviors among individuals in their social networks. For social influencers to be successful in changing behaviors, it is essential that they convey their message in an authentic, original, credible, and persistent manner. In the context of health behavior interventions, this requires a focus on the motivation of social influencers to engage in the intervention. This perspective article describes the importance of motivating social influencers to engage in the desired health behaviors themselves and to promote it within their social network. We briefly describe the current state of knowledge and our empirical experience in implementing health interventions with social influencers. Using insights from self-determination theory, we demonstrate how social influencers can be motivated optimally in health behavior interventions and, thereby, improving the success of the intervention. To illustrate these insights and guide intervention practice, we provide concrete examples of techniques that can be applied in health interventions involving social influencers. We conclude with directions for further research and intervention practice to improve the delivery of health behavior interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal R. Smit
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Crystal R. Smit
| | - Kirsten E. Bevelander
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University and Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Moniek Buijzen
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Alsaigh RR, Assas GE, Yahia NH, Sharaf NF, Shaikh SF, Alghamdi HM, Badr HA, Alghamdi SA. The relationship between screen time exposure and the presence of anxiety-related disorders among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. BELITUNG NURSING JOURNAL 2022; 8:251-257. [PMID: 37547111 PMCID: PMC10401371 DOI: 10.33546/bnj.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic prompted rules and laws such as lockdown, which contributed to staying at home and participating in sedentary activities such as using smartphones, tablets, televisions, gaming devices, and computers. As a result of the increased use of digital screen time, a worldwide issue has arisen among various age groups, especially adolescents, which may have affected their psychological well-being, increasing their susceptibility to anxiety-related disorders. Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between screen time exposure and the presence of anxiety-related disorders among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design using convenience sampling was used in this study. The online self-administered questionnaire, including the Arabic-translated version of the Screen for Child Anxiety-related Disorders (SCARED-C), was distributed through social media using Google forms between February and April 2021. The Chi-Squared test was used for data analysis. Results Of 625 participants, majority were females (n = 527, 84.3%) than males (n = 98, 15.7%). A significant difference between screen time and the presence of an anxiety-related disorder among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic (p = .021) was noted. More than half of the participants (n = 410, 65.6%) scored above 25 in the SCARED-C test, indicating the presence of an anxiety-related disorder regardless of the type. Of those, more than a quarter (n = 176, 28.2%) used screens for more than 8 hours a day. Conclusion The results indicated a relationship between screen time exposure and the presence of anxiety-related disorders among adolescents during the pandemic. In particular, adolescents are more susceptible to the adverse effects of increased exposure to screen time, which is constantly on the rise. Therefore, nurses and other healthcare professionals can play a significant role in providing guidance and advice to parents, caregivers, and adolescents themselves on how to limit screen time exposure. The findings can also be useful for future studies to build on and develop screen time management interventions and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Rashad Alsaigh
- Maternity and Child Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Essam Assas
- Maternity and Child Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa Hussain Yahia
- Maternity and Child Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najwan Faisal Sharaf
- Maternity and Child Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Fareed Shaikh
- Maternity and Child Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Majed Alghamdi
- Maternity and Child Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Abdullah Badr
- Maternity and Child Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salmah Awad Alghamdi
- Maternity and Child Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Fitzpatrick C, Harvey E, Cristini E, Laurent A, Lemelin JP, Garon-Carrier G. Is the Association Between Early Childhood Screen Media Use and Effortful Control Bidirectional? A Prospective Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:918834. [PMID: 35832920 PMCID: PMC9271860 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.918834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in effortful control, a component of temperament, reflecting the ability to use attention and other cognitive processes to self-regulate emotion and behavior, contribute to child academic adjustment, social competence, and wellbeing. Research has linked excessive screen time in early childhood to reduced self-regulation ability. Furthermore, research suggests that parents are more likely to use screens with children who have more challenging temperaments, such as low levels of effortful control. Since screen time by children between the ages of 0 and 18 has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains timely to investigate the developmental pattern of association between child screen media use and effortful control. We hypothesize that higher levels of screen media intake at age 3.5 will be associated with lower effortful control at age 4.5 and that lower effortful control at 3.5 will contribute to more screen media intake at age 4.5. This study draws on participants followed longitudinally over the span of 2-years for an investigation of Canadian preschoolers' screen media use during the pandemic (N = 316, Wave 1). A follow-up with this sample was completed in 2021 (N = 265, Wave 2). Analyses using a cross-lagged panel model revealed stability in child screen time and effortful control between the ages of 3.5 and 4.5. Child screen time at age 3.5 significantly contributed to decreased effortful control scores at the age of 4.5, whereas effortful control at age 3.5 did not contribute to screen time at age 4.5. Our results partially confirmed our hypothesis and indicated that higher levels of screen time intake were detrimental to the development of effortful control. These results suggest that screen media use, an exceedingly frequent activity, may play an enduring role in development by shaping young children's temperaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fitzpatrick
- Faculty of Education, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Childhood Education, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention sur les Adaptations Sociales de l’Enfance, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Harvey
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention sur les Adaptations Sociales de l’Enfance, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Education, Université Sainte-Anne, Church Point, NS, Canada
| | - Emma Cristini
- Faculty of Education, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention sur les Adaptations Sociales de l’Enfance, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Angélique Laurent
- Faculty of Education, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention sur les Adaptations Sociales de l’Enfance, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pascal Lemelin
- Faculty of Education, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention sur les Adaptations Sociales de l’Enfance, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Garon-Carrier
- Faculty of Education, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Intervention sur les Adaptations Sociales de l’Enfance, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Vieira YP, Viero VDSF, Saes-Silva E, da Silva PA, da Silva LS, Saes MDO, Demenech LM, Dumith SC. Excessive use of social media by high school students in southern Brazil. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2022; 40:e2020420. [PMID: 35648981 PMCID: PMC9150901 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2020420in] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of excessive use of social media and associated factors, as well as possible health consequences in high school students in southern Brazil. METHODS This is a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with high school students in the city of Rio Grande, RS. All students who were attending high school at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, campus Rio Grande, were eligible for this research in the second semester of 2019. In total, 513 students participated in the study. The dependent variable was excessive use of social media, defined as more than five hours per day. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out and the Poisson regression was used to verify associations, with robust adjustment of variance. RESULTS The prevalence of students who reported excessive use of social media was 35.9%. The groups that were most susceptible to excessive use of social media had the following profile: female, black/brown skin, aged between 18 and 20 years old, attending the first year of high school. Excessive use of social media was shown to be associated with smoking, risk of depression, anxiety and stress, high risk of suicide and drug use. CONCLUSIONS More than a third of students used social media excessively. This behavior was associated with negative health outcomes.
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Bloise S, Isoldi S, Marcellino A, De Luca E, Dilillo A, Mallardo S, Martucci V, Sanseviero M, Del Giudice E, Iorfida D, Leone R, Testa A, Frasacco B, Gizzone P, Proietti Ciolli C, Sinceri A, Zuliani F, Zanardi E, Gambarotto A, Lisa Grandinetti A, Ventriglia F, Lubrano R. Clinical picture and long-term symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Italian pediatric population. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:79. [PMID: 35598023 PMCID: PMC9123625 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric age group has a milder course than in adults, but in some cases even children may present with severe forms or develop long-term consequences. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features, long-term effects, lifestyle changes and psychological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a pediatric sample of the Italian population. Methods We conducted a telephone survey among 3075 children infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the Latina Local Health Authority. Outcomes included: clinical features of infection, long-term symptoms, lifestyle changes and emotional symptoms during the illness. The information obtained was automatically linked to a spreadsheet and analyzed. Results One thousand four hundred thirteen children agreed to participate in the study; the mean age was 112.8 ± 21.9 months. Children were infected mainly inside familial clusters (59.6%; n = 842); 99% (n = 1399) of children were asymptomatic or exhibited mild symptoms. 20% (n = 259) of children experienced long-term symptoms; risk factors were: older age, higher body mass index and longer duration of infection. Throughout the period of infection, children spent most of the time on devices like tv-video, social media and mobile phone for non-educational activities. 58.8% (n = 620) of parents expressed a negative opinion about distance learning. Finally, we observed that 49,6% (n = 532) of children experienced psychological symptoms during quarantine period. Conclusion Despite a lower susceptibility to COVID-19 in children, it is important to keep the focus high in children, both because of the possible long symptoms after infection and the impact on a children’s mental and physical health due to pandemic. We believe that the return to school or other extracurricular activities are important to correct some of the risk factors for the long COVID syndrome, as obesity, and to limit the cultural damage generated by distance learning and psychological effects related to restrictive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bloise
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy.
| | - Sara Isoldi
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Alessia Marcellino
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Enrica De Luca
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Anna Dilillo
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Saverio Mallardo
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Vanessa Martucci
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Sanseviero
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Emanuela Del Giudice
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Donatella Iorfida
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Rita Leone
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Alessia Testa
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Beatrice Frasacco
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Pietro Gizzone
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Claudia Proietti Ciolli
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sinceri
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Francesca Zuliani
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Elena Zanardi
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Anna Gambarotto
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Ventriglia
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lubrano
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile E Di Scienze Urologiche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, UOC Di Pediatria e NeonatologiaOspedale Santa Maria Goretti, Polo Pontino, Rome, Lazio, Italy
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Sauce B, Liebherr M, Judd N, Klingberg T. The impact of digital media on children's intelligence while controlling for genetic differences in cognition and socioeconomic background. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7720. [PMID: 35545630 PMCID: PMC9095723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital media defines modern childhood, but its cognitive effects are unclear and hotly debated. We believe that studies with genetic data could clarify causal claims and correct for the typically unaccounted role of genetic predispositions. Here, we estimated the impact of different types of screen time (watching, socializing, or gaming) on children’s intelligence while controlling for the confounding effects of genetic differences in cognition and socioeconomic status. We analyzed 9855 children from the USA who were part of the ABCD dataset with measures of intelligence at baseline (ages 9–10) and after two years. At baseline, time watching (r = − 0.12) and socializing (r = − 0.10) were negatively correlated with intelligence, while gaming did not correlate. After two years, gaming positively impacted intelligence (standardized β = + 0.17), but socializing had no effect. This is consistent with cognitive benefits documented in experimental studies on video gaming. Unexpectedly, watching videos also benefited intelligence (standardized β = + 0.12), contrary to prior research on the effect of watching TV. Although, in a posthoc analysis, this was not significant if parental education (instead of SES) was controlled for. Broadly, our results are in line with research on the malleability of cognitive abilities from environmental factors, such as cognitive training and the Flynn effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Sauce
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Magnus Liebherr
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Judd
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Torkel Klingberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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Rithipukdee N, Kusol K. Factors Associated with the Suspected Delay in the Language Development of Early Childhood in Southern Thailand. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9050662. [PMID: 35626839 PMCID: PMC9139734 DOI: 10.3390/children9050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many children have a suspected delay in language development and need extensive support from parents and the health care team. This study aimed to investigate the suspected delay in language development and the factors associated with the suspected delay in language development among early childhood in Southern Thailand. Children aged 24 to 60 months were recruited as study samples using stratified random sampling conducted in 23 districts and simple random sampling in 7 sections (425 children). The research instruments comprised demographic data on the children and families, the preschool temperament questionnaire, and the Language Development Screening questionnaire using the Developmental Surveillance and Promotion Manual and data collected from July 2020 to January 2021. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The results showed that the suspected delay in development was 40.9 percent. Daily screen time exceeding 2 h per day (AOR = 17.30, 95% CI: 7.35–40.72), and regarding a child’s temperament, moderate-to-difficult temperament (AOR = 9.56, 95% CI: 5.12–17.85) was significantly associated with the suspected delay in language development. Genders, gestational age of early childhood, and the age of the caregivers were not associated with the suspected delay in language development. The study suggested that a decrease in daily screen time and appropriate responses will help develop language in children.
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141
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Moreno MA, Binger K, Zhao Q, Eickhoff J, Minich M, Uhls YT. Digital Technology and Media Use by Adolescents: Latent Class Analysis. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e35540. [PMID: 35507401 PMCID: PMC9118083 DOI: 10.2196/35540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital technology and media use is integral to adolescents' lives and has been associated with both positive and negative health consequences. Previous studies have largely focused on understanding technology behaviors and outcomes within adolescent populations, which can promote assumptions about adolescent technology use as homogeneous. Furthermore, many studies on adolescent technology use have focused on risks and negative outcomes. To better understand adolescent digital technology use, we need new approaches that can assess distinct profiles within study populations and take a balanced approach to understanding the risks and benefits of digital technology use. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify profiles of adolescent technology use within a large study population focusing on four evidence-based constructs: technology ownership and use, parental involvement, health outcomes, and well-being indicators. METHODS Adolescent-parent dyads were recruited for a cross-sectional web-based survey using the Qualtrics (Qualtrics International, Inc) platform and panels. Technology use measures included ownership of devices, social media use frequency, and the Adolescents' Digital Technology Interactions and Importance scale. Parent involvement measures included household media rules, technology-related parenting practices, parent social media use frequency, and the parent-child relationship. Health outcome measures included physical activity, sleep, problematic internet use, and mental health assessments. Well-being indicators included mental wellness, communication, and empathy. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify distinct profile groups across the aforementioned 4 critical constructs. RESULTS Among the 3981 adolescent-parent dyads recruited, adolescent participants had a mean age of 15.0 (SD 1.43) years; a total of 46.3% (1842/3981) were female, 67.8% (2701/3981) were White, and 75% (2986/3981) lived in a household with an income above the poverty line. The LCA identified 2 discrete classes. Class 1 was made up of 62.8% (2501/3981) of the participants. Class 1 participants were more likely than Class 2 participants to report family-owned devices, have lower technology importance scores, have household technology rules often centered on content, have positive parent relationships and lower parent social media use, and report better health outcomes and well-being indicators. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this national cross-sectional survey using LCA led to 2 distinct profile groups of adolescent media use and their association with technology use and parent involvement as well as health and well-being outcomes. The two classes included a larger Class 1 (Family-Engaged Adolescents) and a smaller Class 2 (At-Risk Adolescents). The findings of this study can inform interventions to reinforce positive technology use and family support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Moreno
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kole Binger
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jens Eickhoff
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matt Minich
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Kwon S, Kim R, Lee JT, Kim J, Song S, Kim S, Oh H. Association of Smartphone Use With Body Image Distortion and Weight Loss Behaviors in Korean Adolescents. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2213237. [PMID: 35594044 PMCID: PMC9123497 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite high use of smartphones among adolescents, little is known about the association of smartphone use with body image and related behaviors. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of duration of smartphone use and types of content most frequently accessed via smartphone with body image distortion and weight loss behaviors in adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used data from the population-based Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey 2017. Participants comprised a nationally representative sample of 53 133 Korean adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Data were collected from June 1 to July 18, 2017. The analysis was performed from February 7, 2020, to March 30, 2022. EXPOSURES Self-reported duration of smartphone use (min/d) and types of content (educational or informational searches; chatting, messaging, or email; social networking services or forums; games; videos, movies, or music; webtoons or web novels; and shopping or other activities) most frequently accessed during smartphone use. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Body image distortion (overperception of body weight), weight loss attempt, use of inappropriate weight loss strategies (skipping meals, eating only 1 food at a time, vomiting, or using laxatives), and healthy weight loss behaviors (muscle-strengthening and aerobic physical activity). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs, accounting for survey sampling and adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among 53 133 participants, the mean (SD) age was 15.0 (1.8) years; 50.7% of participants were female, and 49.3% were male. After adjusting for types of content accessed, prolonged smartphone use (≥301 min/d) was positively associated with body image distortion (boys: OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.28; girls: OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10-1.30) and inappropriate weight loss strategies (boys: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.25-1.90; girls: OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 2.14-2.79) in both sexes compared with minimal smartphone use (1-120 min/d). After adjusting for duration of smartphone use, the use of smartphones mainly for videos, movies, or music (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02-1.29), webtoons or web novels (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.10-1.48), and games (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.32) was positively associated with body image distortion in boys compared with the use of smartphones mainly for educational or informational content. Among boys, the use of smartphones mainly for chatting, messaging, or email was positively associated with muscle-strengthening activity (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.18-1.44) and aerobic physical activity (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.29-1.55), as was the use of smartphones mainly for social networking services or forums (muscle-strengthening activity: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.42; aerobic physical activity: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.15-1.43). Among girls, the use of smartphones mainly for chatting, messaging, or email was positively associated with weight loss attempts (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19-1.51) and the use of inappropriate weight loss strategies (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.25-1.99), as was the use of smartphones mainly for social networking services or forums (weight loss attempts: OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07-1.36; use of inappropriate weight loss strategies: OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.08-1.73). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional study, both the duration of smartphone use and the types of content most frequently accessed via smartphone were associated with body image distortion and weight loss behaviors in adolescents. These findings suggest a need for the identification of strategies to help adolescents develop healthy smartphone use behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyeon Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, College of Health Science, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rockli Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, College of Health Science, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, College of Health Science, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, College of Health Science, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Song
- Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongcheol Kim
- School of Media and Communication, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, College of Health Science, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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143
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Semenza DC, Meldrum RC, Testa A, Jackson DB. Sleep duration, depressive symptoms, and digital self-harm among adolescents. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 27:103-110. [PMID: 33763977 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the relationship between sleep duration, depression, and engagement in a novel cyber behavior, digital self-harm, among adolescents. METHOD Logistic regression analyses were conducted using cross-sectional data from the 2019 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (N = 9,819; 48% male; avg. grade level = 9th grade [SD = 1.9]) to analyze the association between sleep duration and digital self-harm. A Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) analysis was used to assess whether depressive symptoms attenuate this association. RESULTS Bivariate results indicated that longer sleep duration was associated with lower incidence of digital self-harm. Multivariate results showed that sleep duration was inversely associated with engaging in digital self-harm, net of all covariates. Depressive symptoms attenuated the influence of sleep duration on digital self-harm by 50.72%. CONCLUSIONS Both insufficient sleep and depressive symptoms were associated with engagement in digital self-harm among adolescents. Prospective research is needed, however, to confirm this pathway. Practitioners and clinicians should consider discussing digital self-harm with adolescents and parents, especially if adolescents are experiencing poor sleep and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Semenza
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Ryan C Meldrum
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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144
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Zhang Y, Tian S, Zou D, Zhang H, Pan CW. Screen time and health issues in Chinese school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:810. [PMID: 35459156 PMCID: PMC9034635 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Many literature reviews summarized relationships between screen time and child health, but they only included a few studies conducted in Chinese children and adolescents. The potential influence of screen time may vary by social context. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate relationships between screen time and health issues among Chinese school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS Peer-reviewed articles written in Chinese and English were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to June 2020. The Downs & Black checklist was applied to assess study quality. Meta analyses used random effect models and mixed effects model to calculate pooled adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias were assessed using Q and I2 statistics, "one-study removed" analysis, the funnel plot, trim and fill analysis, and classical fail-safe N, respectively. RESULTS In total, we identified 252 articles reporting 268 studies with unique samples. These studies investigated relationships between screen time and health issues of adiposity, myopia, psycho-behavioral problems, poor academic performance, cardiometabolic disease risks, sleep disorder, poor physical fitness, musculoskeletal injury, sub-health, and miscellaneous issues of height and pubertal growth, injury, sick leave, and respiratory symptoms. Proportions of studies reporting positive relationships with screen time were lowest in adiposity (50.6%) and higher in myopia (59.2%) and psycho-behavioral problems (81.8%). Other health issues were examined in 10 or less studies, all of which had more than half showing positive relationships. The pooled odds ratio from 19 studies comparing health risks with the screen time cutoff of 2 hours per day was 1.40 (95% CI: 1.31 to 1.50, I2 = 85.9%). The pooled effect size was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.20 to 1.39) after trimming 7 studies for publication bias adjustments. CONCLUSIONS Findings exclusively generated from Chinese school-aged children and adolescents resonate those mainly from western countries. Evidence suggests that higher levels of screen time are related with greater risks of various health issues, although the relationships appear to be weak and intertwined with other confounding factors. Future studies need to investigate health-specific dose effects and mechanisms of screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shun Tian
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zou
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengyan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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145
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Mehari KR, Beulah B, Paskewich B, Leff SS, Waasdorp TE. Cyberbullying and Empathy Among Late-Elementary School Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BULLYING PREVENTION 2022; 5:79-87. [PMID: 37066126 PMCID: PMC10103742 DOI: 10.1007/s42380-022-00119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is currently limited research on the relation between forms of empathy and subsequent cyberbullying in middle childhood, a stage in which cyberbullying behaviors are likely to develop. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which affective empathy (experiencing someone else's emotions) and cognitive empathy (perspective-taking) predicted subsequent cyberbullying perpetration in middle childhood. Participants were 105 fourth-and fifth-grade students from two urban elementary schools (M age = 9.66 years, SD = .68). The sample was 66% African American or Black, 15.2% biracial or multiracial, 7.6% Asian or Asian American, and 6.7% Hispanic or Latinx. The sample was evenly divided by gender (51.4% male). Youth completed surveys in the fall (time 1) and spring (time 2) of one school year. Contrary to hypotheses, affective empathy at time 1 did not uniquely predict any form of bullying perpetration (relational, overt, or cyber) at time 2. Cognitive empathy did not predict overt or relational bullying perpetration at time 2. However, higher cognitive empathy at time 1 predicted lower levels of cyberbullying perpetration at time 2. Results suggest promoting cognitive empathy should be a cyberbullying prevention strategy during middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista R. Mehari
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, 307 N. University Blvd, UCOM 1000, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Brianna Beulah
- Center for Violence Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brooke Paskewich
- Center for Violence Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen S. Leff
- Center for Violence Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tracy Evian Waasdorp
- Center for Violence Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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146
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Galderisi A, Perilongo G, Caprio S, Da Dalt L, Di Salvo G, Gatta M, Giaquinto C, Rizzuto R, Robb A, Sly PD, Simonelli A, Staiano A, Vettor R, Baraldi E. Pediatric Preventive Care in Middle-High Resource Countries-The Padova Chart for Health in Children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:803323. [PMID: 35498805 PMCID: PMC9047691 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.803323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance The Padova Chart for Health in Children (PCHC) aims to gather the evidence of healthcare promotion and protection for chidren and adolescents (i.e., aged <18 y) into a single document in order to guide families, healthcare providers and social actors on healthy choices. No more than 2% of Europeans and North Americans aged <30 y have a healthy lifestyle. This, together with metabolic and brain plasticity during childhood, creates the ideal opportunity to implement preventive strategies. Guided interventions promoting healthy lifestyle in children and families therefore have a key role in abating the unprecedented pandemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Observations The PCHC is divided into four sections: nutrition, cardiovascular health, respiratory health, and mental and social health. Each section is structured in an ALICE approach (assessment, lobbying, intervention, call-for-action, evaluation): assessment of necessity, describing relevance to healthcare; lobbying to identify those who can effect the proposed interventions; interventions involving family, school and peers; a call-for-action to define priorities among the proposed interventions; and objective evaluation measures that can be applied on a population basis. Conclusions and Relevance Interventions promoting health in childhood require joint action from multiple institutional, local and family representatives, with the shared goal of promoting health across the entire age group. These lifestyle interventions have the potential to change the lifetime risk trajectory for NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Galderisi
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Perilongo
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Liviana Da Dalt
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Salvo
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Gatta
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Adelaide Robb
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Peter David Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alessandra Simonelli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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147
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Ayraler Taner H, Baskin E, Torenli Kaya Z, Akin Sari B, Taskiran C, Akdur A, Moray G, Haberal M. Relation of Anxiety, Depression, and Behavioral Problems With Time Allocated to Television, Computer, and Smartphone in Children Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2022; 20:100-106. [PMID: 35384817 DOI: 10.6002/ect.mesot2021.p42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children and adolescents with chronic diseases have more screen exposure time compared with their healthy peers. In this study, we investigated screen exposure time of children who received renal replacement therapy, which included kidney transplant and dialysis treatment, versus a healthy control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study included 55 children and adolescents between the ages of 8 and 18 years. Although 28 participants did not have any chronic disease, 27 had chronic diseases and received renal replacement therapy. Among these patients, 17 had kidney transplant and 10 were receiving dialysis. A sociodemographic information form and the Conners Short-Form Parent Rating Scale were given to parents. Pediatric and adolescent patients completed the Children's Depression Inventory and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale-2. We analyzed differences between the groups with and without renal replacement therapy and examined relations between continuous variables. RESULTS Duration of television screen time was significantly higher in children and adolescents receiving renal replacement therapy. Patients in the renal replacement therapy group showed a positive correlation between the Conners Short-Form Parent Rating Scale anxiety subscores and duration of smartphone use. In the kidney transplant recipient group, smartphone and computer durations were positively correlated and television duration was negatively correlated with the Conners Short-Form Parent Rating Scale behavioral problems subscores. CONCLUSIONS Children on renal replacement therapy may be at risk in terms of excessive television exposure. Children who are on dialysis and have had a kidney transplant may be more prone to the negative effects of screen exposure than healthy peers who do not have chronic illnesses. These children and adolescents should be closely monitored to avoid the negative effects of excessive screen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Ayraler Taner
- From the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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148
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Saunders TJ, Rollo S, Kuzik N, Demchenko I, Bélanger S, Brisson-Boivin K, Carson V, da Costa BGG, Davis M, Hornby S, Huang WY, Law B, Ponti M, Markham C, Salmon J, Tomasone JR, Van Rooij AJ, Wachira LJ, Wijndaele K, Tremblay MS. International school-related sedentary behaviour recommendations for children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:39. [PMID: 35382828 PMCID: PMC8979784 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing sedentary behaviour guidelines for children and youth target overall sedentary behaviour and recreational screen time, without any specific recommendations regarding school-related sedentary behaviours (i.e., sedentary behaviours performed during the school day, or within the influence of school). The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of international evidence-based recommendations for school-related sedentary behaviours for children and youth, led by the Sedentary Behaviour Research Network (SBRN). METHODS A panel of international experts was convened by SBRN in November 2020 to guide the development of these recommendations for children and youth aged ~ 5-18 years. The recommendations were informed by 1) age-relevant existing sedentary behaviour guidelines, 2) published research on the relationship between overall sedentary behaviour and health, 3) a de novo systematic review on the relationship between school-related sedentary behaviours and health and/or academic outcomes, and 4) a de novo environmental scan of the grey literature to identify existing recommendations for school-related sedentary behaviours. Draft recommendations were presented to the Expert Panel in June 2021. Following thorough discussion and modifications, updated recommendations were distributed for stakeholder feedback from July 9-26. Feedback was received from 148 stakeholders across 23 countries, leading to additional updates to the recommendations. Following further rounds of discussion and updates with the Expert Panel in August and September 2021, consensus was achieved on the final recommendations. RESULTS A healthy day includes breaking up extended periods of sedentary behaviour and incorporating different types of movement into homework whenever possible, while limiting sedentary homework. School-related screen time should be meaningful, mentally or physically active, and serve a specific pedagogical purpose that enhances learning. Replacing sedentary learning activities with movement-based learning activities, and replacing screen-based learning activities with non-screen-based learning activities, can further support students' health and wellbeing. DISCUSSION This paper presents the first evidence-based recommendations for school-related sedentary behaviours for children and youth. These recommendations will support the work of parents, caregivers, educators, school system administrators, policy makers, researchers and healthcare providers interested in promoting student health and academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada.
| | - Scott Rollo
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Iryna Demchenko
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stacey Bélanger
- Digital Health Task Force, Canadian Paediatric Society, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Bruno G G da Costa
- School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Davis
- Physical and Health Education Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susan Hornby
- Pan-Canadian Joint Consortium for School Health Secretariat, Summerside, Canada
| | - Wendy Yajun Huang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Barbi Law
- School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Ponti
- Digital Health Task Force, Canadian Paediatric Society, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chris Markham
- Ontario Physical and Health Education Association, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lucy-Joy Wachira
- Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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149
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Gui Z, Cai L, Lv Y, Lai L, Zeng X, Chen Y. Association Between Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Executive Function in Chinese Primary School Children. Front Public Health 2022; 9:736424. [PMID: 35096728 PMCID: PMC8790157 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.736424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Little information exists on the associations of cardiovascular health, a new metric proposed by the American Heart Association, and executive function, particularly in children. We aimed to explore this topic. Methods: We studied 3,798 children aged 6–12 years from 5 schools in Guangzhou, China. The executive function of children was evaluated using parent reports of the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function, which included 2 composite indexes and 8 subscale scores. We calculated the number of ideal cardiovascular health (range: 0–7) based on smoking, body mass index, physical activity (PA), diet, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose. A generalized linear mixed model was used to assess the association of the number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics and executive function. Results: Compared with children exhibiting 1–3 ideal cardiovascular health metrics, decreases of 1.37–2.63 points (indicating better performance) in metacognition index and its 5 subscale indexes (initiate, working memory, plan/organize, organization of materials, and monitor) were observed in children who attained 5 or 6–7 ideal metrics (all p for trend <0.001). Ideal diet and ideal PA were independently associated with lower indexes of behavioral regulation and metacognition. Conclusions: The number of ideal cardiovascular health was positively associated with performance of executive function in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohuan Gui
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Lv
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Lai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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150
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Nagata JM, Cortez CA, Iyer P, Ganson KT, Chu J, Conroy AA. Parent-Adolescent Discrepancies in Adolescent Recreational Screen Time Reporting During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Acad Pediatr 2022; 22:413-421. [PMID: 34923146 PMCID: PMC8675144 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship between parent and adolescent reports of adolescent recreational screen time and to determine sociodemographic predictors of recreational screen time reporting differences during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS We analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 5335, ages 10-14) a national prospective cohort study in the United States collected in May 2020. We compared parent-reported, adolescent-reported, and a parent-adolescent differences in recreational screen time hours per day across 5 screen categories. RESULTS Adolescents' total recreational screen time per day was reported as 4.46 hours by parents and 3.87 hours by adolescents. Parents reported higher levels of their child's texting, video chatting, and total recreational screen time, while adolescents reported higher multiplayer gaming and social media use. Larger discrepancies in total recreational screen time were found in older, Black, and Latino/Hispanic adolescents. Larger discrepancies in total recreational screen time were also found among unmarried/unpartnered parents. CONCLUSIONS Given discrepancies in parent-adolescent recreational screen time reporting during the pandemic, a period of high screen use, pediatricians should encourage family discussions about adolescent media use through the development of a Family Media Use Plan. The digital media industry could provide more opportunities for parental monitoring of recreational screen time within product designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco (JM Nagata, P Iyer, and J Chu).
| | - Catherine A Cortez
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California (CA Cortez), Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Puja Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco (JM Nagata, P Iyer, and J Chu)
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto (KT Ganson), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco (JM Nagata, P Iyer, and J Chu)
| | - Amy A Conroy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (AA Conroy)
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