101
|
Ramezankhani A, Guity K, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Spousal metabolic risk factors and incident hypertension: A longitudinal cohort study in Iran. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:95-102. [PMID: 31891453 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association between metabolic risk factors in one spouse with incident hypertension in the other. Study sample included 1528 men and 1649 women aged ≥20 years from the Tehran lipid and glucose study with information on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated for the association of spousal metabolic factors and incident hypertension among men and women separately. A total of 604 and 566 cases of incident hypertension were observed in men and women, respectively. Among men, spousal DM was associated with a 40% (CI: 1.07-1.83) excess risk of hypertension after adjusting for the men's own and their spouse's risk factors including BMI, DM, smoking, and physical activity level. Among women, spousal DM was associated with more than two times (2.11, 1.69-2.63) higher risk of hypertension. After further adjustment for the women's own and their spouse's risk factors, the association was attenuated and remained marginally significant (1.25, 0.99-1.58; P value = .053). Having a spouse with DM increases an individual's risk of hypertension, which raises the possibility of using preexisting information of one partner to guide the screening of the other partner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azra Ramezankhani
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Guity
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Sabouri M, Norouzi J, Zarei Y, Sangani MH, Hooshmand Moghadam B. Comparing High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Continuous Training on Apelin, APJ, NO, and Cardiotrophin-1 in Cardiac Tissue of Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:1472514. [PMID: 32908933 PMCID: PMC7474749 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1472514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Exercise activity is an important method for managing type 2 diabetes. This investigation examined the HIIT and continuous training on apelin, APJ receptor, NO, and cardiotrophin-1 in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. METHODS The animals were categorized into 3 groups of HIIT, continuous (CO), and control (C) (all animals were sacrificed immediately and 2 days after exercise training period). Rats underwent the treadmill exercise program either HIIT (12 bouts at 90-95% of VO2 max with 60 s rest at 50% of VO2 max) or CO (60-65% VO2 max for 40 min). Protocols performed 5 days per week for 8 weeks. Apelin, APJ receptor, NO, and cardiotrophin-1 protein expressions were measured using the Western blotting method in the left ventricle. RESULTS Immediately after HIIT and CO exercise protocols, apelin and CT-1 protein showed a significant difference in contrast by the C-0 group (p < 0.01). However, NO values were substantially higher in HIIT-0 compared to C-0 and CO-0 groups rats (p < 0.01). After two days of exercise protocols, apelin and NO protein showed a significant increase in HIIT and CO groups in contrast to the C animals (p < 0.01). Moreover, APJ and CT-1 protein significantly upregulated in CO-2 and HIIT-2 compared to the other groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that exercise training, despite the type, is an efficient method to modify apelin, APJ receptor, NO, and cardiotrophin-1 values in animals with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Sabouri
- Department of Exercise Physiology & Health Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Oxygen Sports Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Norouzi
- Department of Exercise Physiology & Health Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Oxygen Sports Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yashar Zarei
- Department of Exercise Physiology & Health Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Yamashita K, Yamashita T, Sato M, Inoue M, Takase Y. The Effects of an 18-Month Walking Habit Intervention on Reducing the Medical Costs of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Hyperlipidemia—A Prospective Study. ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.9.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
104
|
Abstract
In insulin resistance, alterations occur in the signalling pathways that modulate glucose uptake into cells, especially skeletal muscle cells, resulting in impaired glucose homeostasis. Glucose uptake into cells is controlled by a number of pathways, some of which are insulin-dependent. During exercise glucose uptake can occur independently of insulin regulation, and hence research into the effects of exercise on insulin resistance must be clearly defined to reflect whether glucose uptake has been enhanced as a result of the utilisation of these insulin-independent pathways, or whether exercise directly affects insulin resistance in cells. Research into the benefits of exercise for insulin resistance is also problematic in the need to clarify whether it is the exercise itself, or the visceral fat/weight loss that has resulted from the exercise, that has led to improved insulin sensitivity. The research presents a promising picture for the benefits of exercise in insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephney Whillier
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Harris-Hayes M, Schootman M, Schootman JC, Hastings MK. The Role of Physical Therapists in Fighting the Type 2 Diabetes Epidemic. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020; 50:5-16. [PMID: 31775555 PMCID: PMC7069691 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2014, the total prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 422 million people worldwide. Due to the aging population and continued increase in obesity rates, the prevalence is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. Diabetes can lead to several complications, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, lower extremity amputation, and musculoskeletal impairments. CLINICAL QUESTION Up to 80% of patients referred for outpatient physical therapy have diabetes or are at risk for diabetes, providing an opportunity for physical therapists to intervene. Therefore, we asked, "What is the role of physical therapists in fighting the diabetes epidemic?" KEY RESULTS Physical therapists commonly prescribe physical activity for the treatment of diabetes and other chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis. Physical therapists may also screen for risk factors for diabetes and diabetes-related complications and modify traditional musculoskeletal exercise prescription accordingly. Physical therapists must advocate for regular physical activity as a key component of the treatment of chronic diseases in all patient interactions. CLINICAL APPLICATION This commentary (1) describes the diabetes epidemic and the health impact of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, (2) highlights the physical therapist's role as front-line provider, and (3) provides recommendations for physical therapists in screening for diabetes risk factors and diabetes-related complications and considerations for patient management. We focus on type 2 diabetes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(1):5-16. Epub 28 Nov 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9154.
Collapse
|
106
|
Sarmento H, Manuel Clemente F, Marques A, Milanovic Z, David Harper L, Figueiredo A. Recreational football is medicine against non-communicable diseases: A systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 30:618-637. [PMID: 31834941 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to conduct a systematic review of published articles related to the effect of recreational football on non-communicable diseases. A systematic review of Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Only empirical studies were included. There were no restrictions on the types of study design eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome measures result from the potential effects of recreational football on non-communicable diseases (eg, blood pressure, bone density, LDL cholesterol, and fat mass). A total of 44 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included. Recreational football is shown to: (a) decrease blood pressure and resting heart rate, improve cardiac structure and functioning, as well as increase maximal oxygen uptake in both sexes; (b) reduce cholesterol and triglycerides levels, increase insulin sensitivity, and have a positive impact on glycemic control; (c) improve bone mineralization, increase both bone mineral density and content, as well as acting as a stimulus for osteogenesis; and (d) be clearly beneficial for bone health, while slightly beneficial for body composition, muscle strength, and maximal oxygen uptake in adults with prostate cancer. The present systematic review demonstrated the benefits of recreational football practice on non-communicable diseases related to cardiovascular and bone health, body composition, type 2 diabetes, and prostate cancer. The effectiveness of recreational football on the aforementioned diseases may be related to age and gender; however, further research is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Sarmento
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Spertlab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Melgaço, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal.,Complexo Desportivo e Lazer Comendador Rui Solheiro - Monte de Prado, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar do Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Zoran Milanovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Liam David Harper
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - António Figueiredo
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Abstract
Sedentary behavior and physical inactivity are among the leading modifiable risk factors worldwide for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. The promotion of physical activity and exercise training (ET) leading to improved levels of cardiorespiratory fitness is needed in all age groups, race, and ethnicities and both sexes to prevent many chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss the negative impact of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity, as well as the beneficial effects of physical activity /ET and cardiorespiratory fitness for the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. We review the prognostic utility of cardiorespiratory fitness compared with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, as well as the increase of physical activity /ET for patients with heart failure as a therapeutic strategy, and ET dosing. Greater efforts at preventing sedentary behavior and physical inactivity while promoting physical activity, ET, and cardiorespiratory fitness are needed throughout the healthcare system worldwide and particularly in the United States in which the burden of cardiometabolic diseases remains extremely high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Lavie
- From the John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.J.L.)
| | - Cemal Ozemek
- From the John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.J.L.)
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- From the John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.J.L.)
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- From the John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.J.L.)
| | - Steven N Blair
- From the John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Hoyer A, Kaufmann S, Brinks R. Risk factors in the illness-death model: Simulation study and the partial differential equation about incidence and prevalence. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226554. [PMID: 31846478 PMCID: PMC6917280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we developed a partial differential equation (PDE) that relates the age-specific prevalence of a chronic disease with the age-specific incidence and mortality rates in the illness-death model (IDM). With a view to planning population-wide interventions, the question arises how prevalence can be calculated if the distribution of a risk-factor in the population shifts. To study the impact of such possible interventions, it is important to deal with the resulting changes of risk-factors that affect the rates in the IDM. The aim of this work is to show how the PDE can be used to study such effects on the age-specific prevalence of a chronic disease, to demonstrate its applicability and to compare the results to a discrete event simulation (DES), a frequently used simulation technique. This is done for the first time based on the PDE which only needs data on population-wide epidemiological indices and is related to the von Foerster equation. In a simulation study, we analyse the effect of a hypothetical intervention against type 2 diabetes. We compare the age-specific prevalence obtained from a DES with the results predicted from modifying the rates in the PDE. The DES is based on 10000 subjects and estimates the effect of changes in the distributions of risk-factors. With respect to the PDE, the change of the distribution of risk factors is synthesized to an effective rate that can be used directly in the PDE. Both methods, DES and effective rate method (ERM) are capable of predicting the impact of the hypothetical intervention. The age-specific prevalences resulting from the DES and the ERM are consistent. Although DES is common in simulating effects of hypothetical interventions, the ERM is a suitable alternative. ERM fits well into the analytical theory of the IDM and the related PDE and comes with less computational effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Hoyer
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Sophie Kaufmann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralph Brinks
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Hiller Research Unit for Rheumatology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Bennett DA, Du H, Bragg F, Guo Y, Wright N, Yang L, Bian Z, Chen Y, YU C, Wang S, Meng F, Lv J, Chen J, Li L, Clarke R, Chen Z. Physical activity, sedentary leisure-time and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of 512 000 Chinese adults. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000835. [PMID: 31908799 PMCID: PMC6936425 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Aim to examine the independent and joint associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary leisure-time (SLT) with risk of diabetes and assess the extent to which these associations were mediated by adiposity. Research design and methods The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank recruited ~512 000 adults from 10 diverse areas across China. Self-reported PA was estimated based on type, frequency and duration of specific types of PA, covering four domains (occupation, leisure, household and commuting). SLT was defined as hours per day spent watching television, reading or playing card games. Stratified Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted HRs (aHRs) for PA and SLT associated with incident diabetes. Analyses were stratified by age-at-risk (5-year intervals), sex and region and adjusted for household income, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, fresh fruit intake, self-reported general health status, family history of diabetes and body mass index (BMI) status. Analyses of total PA, occupational and non-occupational PA and SLT were mutually adjusted for each other, as appropriate. Results After ~9 years of follow-up, there were 14 940 incident diabetes cases among 460 736 participants without prior diabetes or cardiovascular diseases at baseline. The mean (SD) age at baseline was 51 (10.6) years, 59% were women and 43% resided in urban areas. Overall, the mean BMI was 23.5 (3.3) kg/m2, which differed by ~0.5 kg/m2 among individuals in the highest compared with the lowest PA and SLT groups. PA was inversely associated the risk of diabetes 16% (aHR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.88) lower in top than bottom fifth. After further adjustment for BMI this was attenuated to 0.99 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.00). SLT was positively associated with diabetes and each 1 hour per day higher usual level was associated with aHR of 1.13 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.17) for diabetes, attenuated to 1.05 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.09) after further adjustment for BMI. Conclusions Among Chinese adults, higher levels of PA and lower levels of SLT were associated with lower risks of diabetes with no evidence of effect modification by each other. These associations appeared to arise mainly through adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick A Bennett
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Neil Wright
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Canqing YU
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Department, Liuzhou CDC, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Fanwen Meng
- Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Department, Liuzhou CDC, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Thielman J, Copes R, Rosella LC, Chiu M, Manson H. Is neighbourhood walkability related to body mass index among different age groups? A cross-sectional study of Canadian urban areas. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032475. [PMID: 31784443 PMCID: PMC6924813 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of neighbourhood walkability and body mass index (BMI) have shown mixed results, possibly due to biases from self-reported outcomes or differential effects across age groups. Our objective was to examine relationships between walkability and objectively measured BMI in various age groups, in a nationally representative population. METHODS The study population came from the 2007-2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey, a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative Canadian population. In our covariate-adjusted analyses, we included survey respondents aged 6-79 who were not pregnant, did not live in rural areas, were not missing data and were not thin/underweight. We used objectively measured height and weight to calculate BMI among adults aged 18-79 and zBMI among children aged 6-17. We categorised respondents into walkability quintiles based on their residential Street Smart Walk Score values. We performed linear regression to estimate differences between walkability quintiles in BMI and zBMI. We analysed adults and children overall; age subgroups 6-11, 12-17, 18-29, 30-44, 45-64 and 65-79; and sex subgroups. RESULTS The covariate-adjusted models included 9265 respondents overall. After adjustment, differences between walkability quintiles in BMI and zBMI were small and not statistically significant, except for males aged 6-17 in the second-highest walkability quintile who had significantly lower zBMIs than those in the lowest quintile. CONCLUSION After accounting for confounding factors, we did not find evidence of a relationship between walkability and BMI in children or adults overall, or in any age subgroup with sexes combined. However, post hoc analysis by sex suggested males aged 6-17 in more walkable areas may have lower zBMIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Thielman
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ray Copes
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura C Rosella
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Chiu
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Manson
- Health Promotion, Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Fortunato M, Harrison J, Oon AL, Small D, Hilbert V, Rareshide C, Patel M. Remotely Monitored Gamification and Social Incentives to Improve Glycemic Control Among Adults With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes (iDiabetes): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e14180. [PMID: 31746765 PMCID: PMC6893558 DOI: 10.2196/14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Lifestyle modifications including increasing physical activity and losing weight have been demonstrated to improve glycemic control. However, most patients struggle to make these changes. Many stakeholders are interested in using gamification and social incentives to increase engagement in healthy behaviors. However, these approaches often do not appropriately leverage insights from behavioral economics that could be used to address predictable barriers to behavior change. Objective This study aimed to describe the protocol for the Influencing DIabetics to Adapt Behaviors related to Exercise and weighT by Enhancing Social incentives (iDiabetes) trial, which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of gamification interventions that leverage insights from behavioral economics to enhance supportive, competitive, or collaborative social incentives to improve glycemic control, promote weight loss, and increase physical activity among overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods We are conducting a one-year four-arm randomized controlled trial of 361 overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes and a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level ≥8.0. Wireless weight scales and wearable devices are provided to remotely monitor weight and physical activity and transmit data to the study team. Patients are recruited by email, following which they establish a baseline measure of weight, daily step count, HbA1c level, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and then repeat these measures at 6 and 12 months. The control arm receives no other interventions. Patients randomized to one of the three intervention arms are entered into a game designed using insights from behavioral economics to enhance supportive, competitive, or collaborative social incentives. To examine predictors of strong or poor performance, participants completed validated questionnaires on a range of areas including their personality, risk preferences, and social network. Results Enrollment of 361 patients was completed in January 2019. Results are expected in 2020. Conclusions The iDiabetes trial represents a scalable model to remotely monitor the daily health behaviors of adults with type 2 diabetes. Results from this trial will help provide insights into how to improve management of patients with type 2 diabetes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02961192; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02961192 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14180
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fortunato
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Penn Medicine Nudge Unit, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph Harrison
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Penn Medicine Nudge Unit, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ai Leen Oon
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Penn Medicine Nudge Unit, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dylan Small
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Penn Medicine Nudge Unit, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Victoria Hilbert
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Penn Medicine Nudge Unit, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Rareshide
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Penn Medicine Nudge Unit, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mitesh Patel
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Penn Medicine Nudge Unit, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Crescenz Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Does physical activity attenuate the association between birth weight and glycated hemoglobin in nondiabetic Japanese women? J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:379-383. [PMID: 31735182 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lower birth weight is associated with a risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. However, it is not clear whether this association is modified by physical activity. This study aimed to examine the association between birth weight and glycemic status and whether this association is mediated by moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity (MVPA) in Japanese women. The participants were 103 nondiabetic women (47.4 ± 10.8 years), who underwent health checkups in which data of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were collected. Abdominal circumference (AC) was measured at the umbilical region. Birth weight was obtained from the Maternal and Child Health Handbook records or reported based on the participant's or his/her mother's recall. Time (min/day) spent in MVPA (≥3.0 metabolic equivalents) was objectively measured using a triaxial accelerometer (Actimarker EW4800). Birth weight was inversely correlated with HbA1c (r = -0.32, P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that lower birth weight was associated with increased HbA1c (β = -0.22, P < 0.05) even after adjusting for age, state of menstruation, AC, and family history of diabetes. This association was little changed when MVPA was introduced as an independent variable in the model (β = -0.23, P < 0.05). These results suggest that lower birth weight may be associated with higher HbA1c levels before the onset of type 2 diabetes, irrespective of adulthood physical activity. Early-life development should be taken into account when considering the risk of diabetes in Japanese women, even if they are physically active.
Collapse
|
113
|
Obesity Does Not Modulate the Glycometabolic Benefit of Insoluble Cereal Fibre in Subjects with Prediabetes-A Stratified Post Hoc Analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112726. [PMID: 31717901 PMCID: PMC6893443 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity does not modulate the glycometabolic benefit of insoluble cereal fibre in subjects with prediabetes—a stratified post hoc analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT). Background: OptiFiT demonstrated the beneficial effect of insoluble oat fibres on dysglycemia in prediabetes. Recent analyses of OptiFiT and other randomised controlled trials (RCTs) indicated that this effect might be specific for the subgroup of patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). As subjects with IFG are more often obese, there is a need to clarify if the effect modulation is actually driven by glycemic state or body mass index (BMI). Aim: We conducted a stratified post hoc analysis of OptiFiT based on the presence or absence of obesity. Methods: 180 Caucasian participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were randomised in a double-blinded fashion to either twice-a-day fibre or placebo supplementation for 2 years (n = 89 and 91, respectively). Once a year, they underwent fasting blood sampling, an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and full anthropometry. At baseline, out of 136 subjects who completed the first year of intervention, 87 (62%) were classified as OBESE (BMI >30) and 49 subjects were NONOBESE. We performed a stratified per-protocol analysis of the primary glycemic and secondary metabolic effects attributable to dietary fibre supplementation after 1 year of intervention. Results: Neither the NONOBESE nor the OBESE subgroup showed significant differences between the respective fibre and placebo groups in metabolic, anthropometric or inflammatory outcomes. None of the four subgroups showed a significant improvement in either fasting glucose or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) after 1 year of intervention and only OBESE fibre subjects improved 2 h glucose. Within the NONOBESE stratum, there were no significant differences in the change of primary or secondary metabolic parameters between the fibre and placebo arms. We found a significant interaction effect for leukocyte count (time × supplement × obesity status). Within the OBESE stratum, leukocyte count and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels decreased more in the fibre group compared with placebo (adjusted for change in body weight). Comparison of both fibre groups revealed that OBESE subjects had a significantly stronger benefit with respect to leukocyte count and fasting C-peptide levels than NONOBESE participants. Only the effect on leukocyte count survived correction for multiple comparisons. In contrast, under placebo conditions, NONOBESE subjects managed to decrease their body fat content significantly more than OBESE ones. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis resulted in similar outcomes. Conclusions: The state of obesity does not relevantly modulate the beneficial effect of cereal fibre on major glycometabolic parameters by fibre supplementation, but leukocyte levels may be affected. Hence, BMI is not a suitable parameter to stratify this cohort with respect to diabetes risk or responsiveness to cereal fibre, but obesity needs to be accounted for when assessing anti-inflammatory effects of fibre treatments. Targeted diabetes prevention should focus on the actual metabolic state rather than on mere obesity.
Collapse
|
114
|
Health and Fitness Benefits But Low Adherence Rate: Effect of a 10-Month Onsite Physical Activity Program Among Tertiary Employees. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:e455-e462. [PMID: 30020214 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 10-month structured physical activity intervention implemented within the workplace on overall health indicators among tertiary (office workers) employees. METHODS In this quasi-experimental study, 224 employees followed a 10-month worksite physical activity program. Overall health was assessed at baseline, after 5 months, and by the end of the intervention. RESULTS Fat mass percentage decreased significantly. There was a time effect favoring push-ups, abdominal strength, flexibility, heart rate postexercise, heart rate +30 seconds, and heart rate +60 seconds postexercise. Anxiety, depression, and eating habits also improved. In total, 45% of participants completed the whole intervention. CONCLUSION Although a structured on-site physical activity program supports improved health indicators, adherence remains a concern and requires specialists to develop new strategies.
Collapse
|
115
|
Chandrabose M, Cerin E, Mavoa S, Dunstan D, Carver A, Turrell G, Owen N, Giles-Corti B, Sugiyama T. Neighborhood walkability and 12-year changes in cardio-metabolic risk: the mediating role of physical activity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:86. [PMID: 31615522 PMCID: PMC6792258 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in walkable neighborhoods may provide long-term cardio-metabolic health benefits to residents. Little empirical research has examined the behavioral mechanisms in this relationship. In this longitudinal study, we examined the potential mediating role of physical activity (baseline and 12-year change) in the relationships of neighborhood walkability with 12-year changes in cardio-metabolic risk markers. METHODS The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study collected data from adults, initially aged 25+ years, in 1999-2000, 2004-05, and 2011-12. We used 12-year follow-up data from 2023 participants who did not change their address during the study period. Outcomes were 12-year changes in waist circumference, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting and 2-h postload plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. A walkability index was calculated, using dwelling density, intersection density, and destination density, within 1 km street-network buffers around participants' homes. Spatial data for calculating these measures were sourced around the second follow-up period. Physical activity was assessed by self-reported time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (including walking). Multilevel models, adjusting for potential confounders, were used to examine the total and indirect relationships. The joint-significance test was used to assess mediation. RESULTS There was evidence for relationships of higher walkability with smaller increases in weight (P = 0.020), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.002); and, for relationships of higher walkability with higher baseline physical activity (P = 0.020), which, in turn, related to smaller increases in waist circumference (P = 0.006), weight (P = 0.020), and a greater increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.005). There was no evidence for a relationship of a higher walkability with a change in physical activity during the study period (P = 0.590). CONCLUSIONS Our mediation analysis has shown that the protective effects of walkable neighborhoods against obesity risk may be in part attributable to higher baseline physical activity levels. However, there was no evidence of mediation by increases in physical activity during the study period. Further research is needed to understand other behavioral pathways between walkability and cardio-metabolic health, and to investigate any effects of changes in walkability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Chandrabose
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Dunstan
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison Carver
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gavin Turrell
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | | | - Takemi Sugiyama
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Rhodiola/Cordyceps-Based Herbal Supplement Promotes Endurance Training-Improved Body Composition But Not Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Biomarkers: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102357. [PMID: 31623349 PMCID: PMC6835767 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola crenulata (R) and Cordyceps sinensis (C) are commonly used herbs that promote health in traditional Chinese medicine. These two herbs have also been shown to exhibit anti-inflammation and antioxidant functions. Regular endurance training reveals potent endurance capacity, body composition improvement, and metabolic-related biomarker benefits. However, it is not known whether the combination of Rhodiola crenulata and Cordyceps sinensis (RC) supplementation during endurance training provides additive health benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week endurance training plus RC supplementation on body composition, oxidative stress, and metabolic biomarkers in young sedentary adults. Methods: Fourteen young sedentary adults (8M/6F) participated in this double-blind randomized controlled study. Participants were assigned to exercise training with placebo groups (PLA, n = 7, 4M/3F; age: 21.4 ± 0.4 years) and exercise training with the RC group (RC, 20 mg/kg/day; n = 7, 4M/3F; age: 21.7 ± 0.4 years). Both groups received identical exercise training for eight weeks. The body composition, circulating oxidative stress, and blood metabolic biomarkers were measured before and after the 8-week intervention. Results: Improvement in body composition profiles were significantly greater in the RC group (body weight: p = 0.044, BMI: p = 0.003, upper extremity fat mass: p = 0.032, lower extremity muscle mass: p = 0.029, trunk fat mass: p = 0.011) compared to the PLA group after training. The blood lipid profile and systemic oxidative stress makers (thiobarbituric reactive substanceand total antioxidant capacity) did not differ between groups. Although endurance training markedly improved endurance capacity and glycemic control ability (i.e., fast blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA index), there were no differences in these variables between treatments. Conclusions: In this preliminary investigation, we demonstrated that an 8-week RC supplementation (20 mg/kg/day) faintly enhanced endurance training-induced positive adaptations in body composition in young sedentary individuals, whereas the blood lipid profile and systemic oxidative stress states were not altered after such intervention.
Collapse
|
117
|
Wang Y, Lee DC, Brellenthin AG, Eijsvogels TMH, Sui X, Church TS, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. Leisure-Time Running Reduces the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes. Am J Med 2019; 132:1225-1232. [PMID: 31103650 PMCID: PMC6832784 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the overall association as well as the dose-response relationship between leisure-time running and incident type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants were 19,347 adults aged 18-100 years who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes at baseline, and who received at least 2 extensive preventive medical examinations between 1974 and 2006. Running and other types of aerobic physical activity were assessed by self-reported leisure-time activities. Type 2 diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L), physician diagnosis, or insulin use. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 6.5 years, 1015 adults developed type 2 diabetes. Approximately 29.5% of adults participated in leisure-time running at baseline. Runners had a 28% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.84) lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with nonrunners during follow-up. The HRs (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes were 0.98 (0.75-1.28), 0.69 (0.51-0.92), 0.62 (0.45-0.85), 0.78 (0.59-1.04), and 0.57 (0.42-0.79) across quintiles of running time (minutes/week) compared with nonrunners after adjusting for potential confounders, including levels of nonrunning aerobic physical activity. Similar dose-response relationships between running distance (miles/week), frequency (times/week), total amount (MET-minutes/week), and speed (mph) were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Participating in leisure-time running is associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adults. Consistent linear dose-response relationships were observed between various running parameters and incident type 2 diabetes, supporting the prescription of running to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Wang
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Duck-Chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
| | | | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Timothy S Church
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Mohebi F, Mohajer B, Yoosefi M, Sheidaei A, Zokaei H, Damerchilu B, Mehregan A, Shahbal N, Rezaee K, Khezrian M, Nematollahi Dehmoosa A, Momen Nia Rankohi E, Darman M, Moghisi A, Farzadfar F. Physical activity profile of the Iranian population: STEPS survey, 2016. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1266. [PMID: 31519165 PMCID: PMC6743153 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insufficient physical activity (IPA) is one of the leading causes of premature mortality through the increased burden of non-communicable diseases. From 1990 to 2017, the percentage of low physical activity attributable disability-adjusted life years (DALY) increased globally by 1.5 times and 2-fold in Iran, causing more than 1.2 million deaths worldwide and 18,000 deaths in Iran in 2017. Reports suggest that Iran, a developing middle-income country, suffers from a high level of IPA. Socioeconomic and cultural alterations along with the country’s developments expose the population to IPA risk. We aimed to describe IPA prevalence in Iran’s adult population, categorized by demographics, geographical region, and activity domains to assess the present pattern of physical inactivity and its domains in the country. Methods In 2016, in order to represent Iran’s adult population, adult participants (n: 30541) from 30 provinces were selected using systematic proportional to size cluster sampling. Physical activity (PA) was assessed via the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, calculating the Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) value in minutes per week for work, recreation, and transport domains. Insufficient physical activity (IPA) was defined according to WHO’s recommendation (less than 600 METs per week). Adjusted odds ratios of IPA associates for sociodemographic, lifestyle related variables, and metabolic risk factors were reported. Results A high prevalence of IPA was seen in the total population (54.7%, 95%CI: 54.0–55.3) with a considerable difference between the two genders (males: 45.3% (95%CI: 44.3–46.3); females: 61.9% (95%CI: 61.0–62.7)). Work-related activity was the domain with the greatest percentage of total PA, whereas, both genders lacked recreational activities. In our findings, being female, a housekeeper, younger and living in urban areas were significantly associated with higher levels of IPA. Moreover, insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, lack of alcohol consumption, having a personal vehicle, and finally, having a medical history of diabetes were significantly associated with the presence of IPA in our population. Among the study population, 33.6% (95%CI: 33.0–34.2) had at least 4 h of sedentary behavior in a typical day. Conclusions Widespread IPA among the Iranian adult population is of major concern. In our findings, we observed a considerable gap in the prevalence and pattern of IPA between the two genders. Additionally, IPA was associated with living in urban areas, unhealthy lifestyle habits and a history of other metabolic risk factors. Thus, a prompt initiative for population-specific actions should be taken. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12889-019-7592-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnam Mohebi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Mohajer
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Yoosefi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheidaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Zokaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Damerchilu
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Mehregan
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Shahbal
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Rezaee
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khezrian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nematollahi Dehmoosa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Momen Nia Rankohi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Darman
- Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Moghisi
- Deputy of Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Ramezankhani A, Guity K, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Sex differences in the association between spousal metabolic risk factors with incidence of type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal study of the Iranian population. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:41. [PMID: 31439024 PMCID: PMC6704543 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether metabolic risk factors in one spouse were associated with an excessive risk of type 2 diabetes in the other. METHODS The study cohort (1999-2018) included 1833 men and 1952 women, aged ≥ 20 years with information on both their own and their spouse's diabetes status and metabolic risk factors including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and type 2 diabetes. The associations between spousal metabolic risk factors and type 2 diabetes were estimated using Cox regression models adjusted for the three nested sets of covariates. RESULTS We found 714 (360 men and 354 women) incident cases of type 2 diabetes, after more than 15 years of follow-up. Among women, having a husband with diabetes was associated with a 38% (hazard ratio (HR) 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1. 84) increased risk of type 2 diabetes, adjusted for age, socioeconomic status, individual's own value of the respective spousal exposure variable, family history of diabetes, and physical activity level. After further adjustment for the woman's own BMI level, the husband's diabetes was associated with 23% (HR 1.23; 0.92, 1.64) higher risk of type 2 diabetes in wives, values which did not reach statistical significance. No significant associations were found between spousal metabolic risk factors and incidence of type 2 diabetes among index men. CONCLUSION We found a sex-specific effect of spousal diabetes on the risk of type 2 diabetes. Having a husband with diabetes increased an individual's risk of type 2 diabetes. Our results might contribute to the early detection of individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, particularly, in women adversely affected by their partner's diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azra Ramezankhani
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Guity
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Anthropometric Obesity Indices, Body Fat Percentage, and Grip Strength in Young Adults with different Physical Activity Levels. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:jfmk4030051. [PMID: 33467366 PMCID: PMC7739217 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine whether moderately physically active (MPA) and highly physically active (HPA) male (n = 96, age = 22.5 ± 1.7 years) and female (n = 85, age = 21.3 ± 1.6 years) young adults differed in their anthropometric obesity indices (AOIs), body fat percentage (BF%), and muscular strength, and also to examine the associations between physical activity level (PAL) and the abovementioned variables. Participants were measured for body height and weight, BF%, waist and hip circumferences, and maximal isometric grip strength. According to their PAL, estimated by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, they were assigned to MPA and HPA subgroups. Regardless of gender, results indicated that participants in the MPA groups had significantly higher values of body weight, waist and hip circumference, BF%, and BMI than participants in the HPA groups. No significant differences were found between physical activity groups in terms of grip strength. The AOIs and BF% were found to be significantly and negatively correlated with the PAL in both genders. In conclusion, the findings of the study suggest that high habitual physical activity is associated with lower adiposity markers. However, the differences in the hand grip strength of the contrasting activity groups were negligible.
Collapse
|
121
|
Association of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration on the health-related quality of life of college students in Northeast China. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019; 17:124. [PMID: 31311564 PMCID: PMC6636029 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-019-1194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND College life represents a key transitional period in the life of young adults that is marked by increased social engagement; living habits acquired during this period have implications on the future life of college students. Therefore, investigation of the determinants of health status of college students is a key imperative; however, there is limited evidence on the study of concomitant effects of physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST), and sleep duration on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of college students. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted at a medical university in Shenyang in Northeast China in 2017. The study group comprised 926 undergraduate students. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. PA, ST, sleep duration, and HRQOL were measured using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)-Long Form and the Chinese version of the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). The association of PA, ST, and sleep duration with the HRQOL was examined using independent t-test, Pearson Chi-squared test, and multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounding factors, students who reported high PA had significantly higher physical component summary (PCS) score in the total study population and among female students than those who reported low PA, whereas students who reported moderate PA had significantly higher PCS score only among female students (P < 0.05). In the total study population and among male students, students who slept for ≥9 h/day had significantly higher mental component summary (MCS) score than those who slept for 7-< 8 h/day, whereas among only male students, those who slept for 8-< 9 h/day had significantly higher MCS score (P < 0.05). The interaction term between ST and PA was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS PA and sufficient sleep duration had a positive impact on the HRQOL of college students; however, ST was not associated with HRQOL and there was no interaction between the impact of ST and PA on the HRQOL of college students. Increasing PA and promoting adequate sleep duration are key health promotion strategies for college students.
Collapse
|
122
|
Paudel S, Owen AJ, Owusu-Addo E, Smith BJ. Physical activity participation and the risk of chronic diseases among South Asian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9771. [PMID: 31278314 PMCID: PMC6611898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
South Asia specific reviews on the role of physical activity (PA) domains on chronic disease prevention are lacking. This study aimed to systematically review published literature to identify the association between PA domains and chronic diseases and to provide summary estimates of the strength of association. Nine electronic databases were searched using the predefined inclusion criteria which included population (South Asian adults 40 years or older), exposure (PA or sedentary behaviour) and outcome (type 2 diabetes mellitus, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, vascular disease and musculoskeletal diseases and their markers). A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out for cardiometabolic outcomes whereas narrative synthesis was completed for other outcome variables. Inactive or less active South Asian adults were at 31% higher risk of being hypertensive. Likewise, the risk of cardiometabolic outcomes was 1.34 times higher among inactive adults. Household PA was found to have a protective effect on breast cancer risk. Total and leisure time PA had a protective effect on osteoporosis among males and females respectively. Contemporary studies with a longitudinal design, representative samples, valid and reliable assessment of different domains are needed to establish the role of PA in chronic disease prevention in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Paudel
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Alice J Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ebenezer Owusu-Addo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Bureau of Integrated Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ben J Smith
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Meints SM, Yang HY, Collins JE, Katz JN, Losina E. Race Differences in Physical Activity Uptake Within a Workplace Wellness Program: A Comparison of Black and White Employees. Am J Health Promot 2019; 33:886-893. [PMID: 30808208 PMCID: PMC6699157 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119833341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine differences in physical activity (PA) uptake between black and white employees during a financial incentive-based workplace intervention. DESIGN Prospective cohort study from July 2014 to June 2015 (NCT02850094). SETTING Tertiary academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Forty-three black and 182 white nonclinical employees. INTERVENTION Participants self-selected or were assigned to teams. Participants completed a 24-week intervention receiving rewards for meeting weekly PA goals (increasing moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA] by 10% from previous week or meeting Guidelines threshold of 150 minutes of MVPA). MEASURES Outcomes included weekly MVPA in minutes, average daily step counts, number of weeks meeting personal goals and the Guidelines, and Fitbit adherence in days and weeks. ANALYSIS We performed an analysis of covariance for each outcome, with race as the primary independent variable of interest, adjusting for demographic and health-related covariates. RESULTS During the intervention, blacks walked 9128 steps per day while whites walked 7826 steps per day, a difference of approximately 1300 steps (P < .05). Blacks also demonstrated a greater uptake in both steps and MVPA from baseline than did whites, resulting in similar MVPA throughout the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that workplace PA interventions using financial incentives may result in similar engagement in MVPA among white and black employees, while black employees walk more steps during the intervention. Limitations include a primarily white female sample which may not generalize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Meints
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Policy and Innovation eValuation in Orthopaedic, Treatments (PIVOT) Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 3 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heidi Y Yang
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Policy and Innovation eValuation in Orthopaedic, Treatments (PIVOT) Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie E Collins
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Policy and Innovation eValuation in Orthopaedic, Treatments (PIVOT) Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 3 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Katz
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Policy and Innovation eValuation in Orthopaedic, Treatments (PIVOT) Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 3 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- 4 Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 5 Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Losina
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Policy and Innovation eValuation in Orthopaedic, Treatments (PIVOT) Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 3 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- 4 Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 6 Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Sawada SS, Gando Y, Kawakami R, Blair SN, Lee I, Tamura Y, Tsuda H, Saito H, Miyachi M. Combined aerobic and resistance training, and incidence of diabetes: A retrospective cohort study in Japanese older women. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:997-1003. [PMID: 30561143 PMCID: PMC6626949 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To investigate the relationship between combined aerobic and resistance training, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study included 10,680 Japanese women. Participants enrolled between 2005 and 2010, and were followed up until 2014. The frequency of combined training was counted for the first 3 months, the 6th month and the 9th month. In 2014, women reported whether or not they had diabetes, as well as the year of developing diabetes. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the incidence of type 2 diabetes were obtained using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS The median duration of follow up was 5 years, with 166 women developing type 2 diabetes. Using the lowest frequency of training group (1st quartile) as the reference, the hazard ratios for the second through fourth quartiles was as follows: 0.95 (95% CI 0.64-1.41), 0.73 (95% CI 0.48-1.13) and 0.69 (95% CI 0.44-1.07), respectively (P for trend = 0.116). After adjustment for age, body mass index and thigh circumference, the hazard ratios were: 0.84 (95% CI 0.56-1.26), 0.69 (95% CI 0.45-1.06) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.39-0.95), respectively (P for trend = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS A higher frequency of combined aerobic and resistance training is associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Japanese women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu S Sawada
- Faculty of Sport SciencesWaseda UniversityTokorozawa cityJapan
| | - Yuko Gando
- Department of Physical Activity ResearchNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionTokyoJapan
| | - Ryoko Kawakami
- Faculty of Sport SciencesWaseda UniversityTokorozawa cityJapan
| | - Steven N Blair
- Arnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - I‐Min Lee
- Division of Preventive MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity ResearchNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Mahat RK, Singh N, Arora M, Rathore V. Health risks and interventions in prediabetes: A review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2803-2811. [PMID: 31405710 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prediabetes is a condition which appears prior to the development of diabetes in which blood glucose is abnormally high but do not reach the diagnostic threshold of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities viz. dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, physical inactivity, obesity, insulin resistance, procoagulant state, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation, placing prediabetic subjects to an increased risk for diabetes and its complications. Recent studies demonstrate that complications of diabetes i.e. microvascular and macrovascular complications may manifest in some prediabetic subjects. This article reviews prediabetes-related risk factors and health issues. In addition, this article also highlights the interventions to prevent the development of diabetes in prediabetic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar Mahat
- Department of Biochemistry, Gajra Raja Medical College, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India; Department of Biochemistry, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 251203, India.
| | | | - Manisha Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 251203, India
| | - Vedika Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, 486001, India
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Audrey S, Fisher H, Cooper A, Gaunt D, Metcalfe C, Garfield K, Hollingworth W, Procter S, Gabe-Walters M, Rodgers S, Gillison F, Davis A, Insall P. A workplace-based intervention to increase levels of daily physical activity: the Travel to Work cluster RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3310/phr07110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
There may be opportunities for working adults to accumulate recommended physical activity levels (≥ 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity in bouts of ≥ 10 minutes throughout the week) during the commute to work. Systematic reviews of interventions to increase active transport indicate that studies are predominantly of poor quality, rely on self-report and lack robust statistical analyses.
Objectives
To assess the effectiveness, cost and consequences of a behavioural intervention to increase walking during the commute to work.
Design
A multicentre, parallel-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial incorporating economic and process evaluations. Physical activity outcomes were measured using accelerometers and GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers at baseline and the 12-month follow-up.
Setting
Workplaces in seven urban areas in south-west England and south Wales.
Participants
Employees (n = 654) in 87 workplaces.
Interventions
Workplace-based Walk to Work promoters were trained to implement a 10-week intervention incorporating key behaviour change techniques.
Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was the daily number of minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Secondary outcomes included MVPA during the commute, overall levels of physical activity and modal shift (from private car to walking). Cost–consequences analysis included employer, employee and health service costs and consequences. Process outcomes included barriers to, and facilitators of, walking during the daily commute.
Results
There was no evidence of an intervention effect on MVPA at the 12-month follow-up [adjusted difference in means 0.3 minutes, 95% confidence interval (CI) –5.3 to 5.9 minutes]. The intervention cost was on average, £181.97 per workplace and £24.19 per participating employee. In comparison with car users [mean 7.3 minutes, standard deviation (SD) 7.6 minutes], walkers (mean 34.3 minutes, SD 18.6 minutes) and public transport users (mean 25.7 minutes, SD 14.0 minutes) accrued substantially higher levels of daily MVPA during the commute. Participants who walked for ≥ 10 minutes during their commute were more likely to have a shorter commute distance (p < 0.001). No access to a car (p < 0.001) and absence of free workplace car parking (p < 0.01) were independently related to walking to work and using public transport. Higher quality-of-life scores were observed for the intervention group in a repeated-measures analysis (mean 0.018, 95% CI 0.000 to 0.036; scores anchored at 0 indicated ‘no capability’ and scores anchored at 1 indicated ‘full capability’).
Conclusions
Although this research showed that walking to work and using public transport are important contributors to physical activity levels in a working population, the behavioural intervention was insufficient to change travel behaviour. Broader contextual factors, such as length of journey, commuting options and availability of car parking, may influence the effectiveness of behavioural interventions to change travel behaviour. Further analyses of statistical and qualitative data could focus on physical activity and travel mode and the wider determinants of workplace travel behaviour.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15009100.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Living Streets, a UK charity promoting everyday walking, provided funding for the intervention booklets and free pedometers for distribution to participants in the intervention group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Audrey
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Harriet Fisher
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley Cooper
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Daisy Gaunt
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kirsty Garfield
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - William Hollingworth
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sunita Procter
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Sarah Rodgers
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Adrian Davis
- Faculty of Business and Law, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, Garvey WT, Lau KHK, MacLeod J, Mitri J, Pereira RF, Rawlings K, Robinson S, Saslow L, Uelmen S, Urbanski PB, Yancy WS. Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:731-754. [PMID: 31000505 PMCID: PMC7011201 DOI: 10.2337/dci19-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Evert
- UW Neighborhood Clinics, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Diabetes Research Center, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Joanna Mitri
- Section on Clinical, Behavioral and Outcomes Research Lipid Clinic, Adult Diabetes Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Laura Saslow
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - William S Yancy
- Duke Diet and Fitness Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Harris T, Kerry S, Victor C, Iliffe S, Ussher M, Fox-Rushby J, Whincup P, Ekelund U, Furness C, Limb E, Anokye N, Ibison J, DeWilde S, David L, Howard E, Dale R, Smith J, Normansell R, Beighton C, Morgan K, Wahlich C, Sanghera S, Cook D. A pedometer-based walking intervention in 45- to 75-year-olds, with and without practice nurse support: the PACE-UP three-arm cluster RCT. Health Technol Assess 2019; 22:1-274. [PMID: 29961442 DOI: 10.3310/hta22370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend walking to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for health benefits. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of a pedometer-based walking intervention in inactive adults, delivered postally or through dedicated practice nurse physical activity (PA) consultations. DESIGN Parallel three-arm trial, cluster randomised by household. SETTING Seven London-based general practices. PARTICIPANTS A total of 11,015 people without PA contraindications, aged 45-75 years, randomly selected from practices, were invited. A total of 6399 people were non-responders, and 548 people self-reporting achieving PA guidelines were excluded. A total of 1023 people from 922 households were randomised to usual care (n = 338), postal intervention (n = 339) or nurse support (n = 346). The recruitment rate was 10% (1023/10,467). A total of 956 participants (93%) provided outcome data. INTERVENTIONS Intervention groups received pedometers, 12-week walking programmes advising participants to gradually add '3000 steps in 30 minutes' most days weekly and PA diaries. The nurse group was offered three dedicated PA consultations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary and main secondary outcomes were changes from baseline to 12 months in average daily step counts and time in MVPA (in ≥ 10-minute bouts), respectively, from 7-day accelerometry. Individual resource-use data informed the within-trial economic evaluation and the Markov model for simulating long-term cost-effectiveness. Qualitative evaluations assessed nurse and participant views. A 3-year follow-up was conducted. RESULTS Baseline average daily step count was 7479 [standard deviation (SD) 2671], average minutes per week in MVPA bouts was 94 minutes (SD 102 minutes) for those randomised. PA increased significantly at 12 months in both intervention groups compared with the control group, with no difference between interventions; additional steps per day were 642 steps [95% confidence interval (CI) 329 to 955 steps] for the postal group and 677 steps (95% CI 365 to 989 steps) for nurse support, and additional MVPA in bouts (minutes per week) was 33 minutes per week (95% CI 17 to 49 minutes per week) for the postal group and 35 minutes per week (95% CI 19 to 51 minutes per week) for nurse support. Intervention groups showed no increase in adverse events. Incremental cost per step was 19p and £3.61 per minute in a ≥ 10-minute MVPA bout for nurse support, whereas the postal group took more steps and cost less than the control group. The postal group had a 50% chance of being cost-effective at a £20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) threshold within 1 year and had both lower costs [-£11M (95% CI -£12M to -£10M) per 100,000 population] and more QALYs [759 QALYs gained (95% CI 400 to 1247 QALYs)] than the nurse support and control groups in the long term. Participants and nurses found the interventions acceptable and enjoyable. Three-year follow-up data showed persistent intervention effects (nurse support plus postal vs. control) on steps per day [648 steps (95% CI 272 to 1024 steps)] and MVPA bouts [26 minutes per week (95% CI 8 to 44 minutes per week)]. LIMITATIONS The 10% recruitment level, with lower levels in Asian and socioeconomically deprived participants, limits the generalisability of the findings. Assessors were unmasked to the group. CONCLUSIONS A primary care pedometer-based walking intervention in 45- to 75-year-olds increased 12-month step counts by around one-tenth, and time in MVPA bouts by around one-third, with similar effects for the nurse support and postal groups, and persistent 3-year effects. The postal intervention provides cost-effective, long-term quality-of-life benefits. A primary care pedometer intervention delivered by post could help address the public health physical inactivity challenge. FUTURE WORK Exploring different recruitment strategies to increase uptake. Integrating the Pedometer And Consultation Evaluation-UP (PACE-UP) trial with evolving PA monitoring technologies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN98538934. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 22, No. 37. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tess Harris
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sally Kerry
- Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christina Victor
- Gerontology and Health Services Research Unit, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Steve Iliffe
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Ussher
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Fox-Rushby
- Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Peter Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cheryl Furness
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Limb
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Nana Anokye
- Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Judith Ibison
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Stephen DeWilde
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Lee David
- 10 Minute CBT, Devonshire Business Centre, Letchworth Garden City, UK
| | - Emma Howard
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Dale
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jaime Smith
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Normansell
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Carole Beighton
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Katy Morgan
- Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Wahlich
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sabina Sanghera
- Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Derek Cook
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Wang Y, Lee DC, Brellenthin AG, Sui X, Church TS, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. Association of Muscular Strength and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:643-651. [PMID: 30871784 PMCID: PMC6450733 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between muscular strength and incident type 2 diabetes, independent of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 4681 adults aged 20 to 100 years who had no type 2 diabetes at baseline were included in the current prospective cohort study. Participants underwent muscular strength tests and maximal treadmill exercise tests between January 1, 1981, and December 31, 2006. Muscular strength was measured by leg and bench press and categorized as age group- and sex-specific thirds (lower, middle, and upper) of the combined strength score. Type 2 diabetes was defined on the basis of fasting plasma glucose levels, insulin therapy, or physician diagnoses. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 8.3 years, 229 of the 4681 patients (4.9%) had development of type 2 diabetes. Participants with the middle level of muscular strength had a 32% lower risk of development of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.94; P=.02) compared with those with the lower level of muscular strength after adjusting for potential confounders, including estimated CRF. However, no significant association between the upper level of muscular strength and incident type 2 diabetes was observed. CONCLUSION A moderate level of muscular strength is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, independent of estimated CRF. More studies on the dose-response relationship between muscular strength and type 2 diabetes are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Wang
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Duck-Chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
| | | | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Timothy S Church
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Hult A, Johansson J, Nordström P, Nordström A. Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Older Adults With and Without Diabetes. Clin Diabetes 2019; 37:142-149. [PMID: 31057220 PMCID: PMC6468834 DOI: 10.2337/cd18-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In Brief People with known diabetes were found to be 20% less active than people without diabetes as measured by objective accelerometers. A threshold of 6,000 steps per day was associated with the lowest risk of prevalent diabetes. The study also emphasizes the use of objective techniques to measure physical activity in subjects with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hult
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Johansson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Nordström
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Gulsin GS, Brady EM, Swarbrick DJ, Athithan L, Henson J, Baldry E, McAdam J, Marsh AM, Parke KS, Wormleighton JV, Levelt E, Yates T, Bodicoat D, Khunti K, Davies MJ, McCann GP. Rationale, design and study protocol of the randomised controlled trial: Diabetes Interventional Assessment of Slimming or Training tO Lessen Inconspicuous Cardiovascular Dysfunction (the DIASTOLIC study). BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023207. [PMID: 30928925 PMCID: PMC6475184 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite their young age and relatively short duration of disease, younger adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) already have diastolic dysfunction and may be at risk of incipient heart failure. Whether weight loss or exercise training improve cardiac dysfunction in people with T2D remains to be established. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Prospective, randomised, open-label, blind endpoint trial. The primary aim of the study is to determine if diastolic function can be improved by either a meal replacement plan or a supervised exercise programme, compared with guideline-directed care. A total of 90 obese participants with T2D (aged 18-65 years), diabetes duration <12 years and not on insulin treatment will be randomised to either guideline-directed clinical care with lifestyle coaching, a low-energy meal replacement diet (average ≈810 kcal/day) or a supervised exercise programme for 12 weeks. Participants undergo glycometabolic profiling, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography and MRI scanning to assesses cardiac structure and function and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning for body composition. Key secondary aims are to assess the effects of the interventions on glycaemic control and insulin resistance, exercise capacity, blood pressure, changes in body composition and association of favourable cardiac remodelling with improvements in weight loss, exercise capacity and glycometabolic control. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has full ethical approval, and data collection was completed in August 2018. The study results will be submitted for publication within 6 months of completion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02590822; Pre-results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh Gulsin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Emer M Brady
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel J Swarbrick
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Lavanya Athithan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Joseph Henson
- National College of Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Loughborough, Loughborough, UK
| | - Emma Baldry
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - John McAdam
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna-Marie Marsh
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Kelly S Parke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Joanne V Wormleighton
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Eylem Levelt
- University of Leeds, Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- National College of Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Loughborough, Loughborough, UK
| | - Danielle Bodicoat
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Gerry P McCann
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Kim WK, Chung WC, Oh DJ. The effects of physical activity and sedentary time on the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome and perceived stress in Korean adults. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:37-43. [PMID: 30899734 PMCID: PMC6416495 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836552.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined adult health related factors of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017. Metabolic syndrome prevalence and perceived stress with physical activity and sedentary time were analyzed. Subjects are 4,459 over 40 year adults. The data were analyzed odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval by logistic regression analysis. First, male, moderate intensity occupational physical activity (OPA) and high intensity leisure time physical activity (LTPA) (OR, 1.337) between metabolic syndrome prevalence tended to increase. Vigorous intensity OPA (OR, 0.847), transport physical activity (TPA) (OR, 0.968), and moderate intensity LTPA (OR, 0.927) between metabolic syndrome prevalence tends to decrease. Female, vigorous intensity OPA (OR, 1.238) between metabolic syndrome prevalence tended to increase. Moderate intensity OPA (OR, 0.878), TPA (OR, 0.875), vigorous intensity LTPA (OR, 0.691), and moderate intensity LTPA (OR, 0.479) between metabolic syndrome prevalence tended to decrease. Male, vigorous intensity OPA (OR, 1.584), moderate intensity OPA (OR, 1.752), and vigorous intensity LTPA (OR, 1.316) between perceived stress tended to increase. TPA (OR, 0.753) and moderate intensity LTPA (OR, 0.983) between perceived stress tended to decrease. Female, moderate intensity OPA (OR, 2.331) between perceived stress tended to increase. Vigorous intensity OPA (OR, 0.732), TPA (OR, 0.836), vigorous intensity LTPA (OR, 0.990), and moderate intensity LTPA (OR, 0.837) between perceived stress tended to decrease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Kyung Kim
- College of Liberal Art, Anyang University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Won-Chung Chung
- Department of Physical Education, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Deuk-Ja Oh
- Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Poppe L, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Verloigne M, Degroote L, Shadid S, Crombez G. A Self-Regulation-Based eHealth and mHealth Intervention for an Active Lifestyle in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e12413. [PMID: 30901002 PMCID: PMC6450483 DOI: 10.2196/12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adoption of an active lifestyle plays an important role in the management of type 2 diabetes. Online interventions targeting lifestyle changes in adults with type 2 diabetes have provided mixed results. Previous research highlights the importance of creating theory-based interventions adapted to the population’s specific needs. The online intervention “MyPlan 2.0” targets physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults with type 2 diabetes. This intervention is grounded in the self-regulation framework and, by incorporating the feedback of users with type 2 diabetes, iteratively adapted to its target population.
Objective The aim of this paper is to thoroughly describe “MyPlan 2.0” and the study protocol that will be used to test the effectiveness of this intervention to alter patients’ levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Methods A two-arm superiority randomized controlled trial will be performed. Physical activity and sedentary behavior will be measured using accelerometers and questionnaires. Furthermore, using questionnaires and diaries, patients’ stressors and personal determinants for change will be explored in depth. To evaluate the primary outcomes of the intervention, multilevel analyses will be conducted. Results The randomized controlled trial started in January 2018. As participants can start at different moments, we aim to finish all testing by July 2019. Conclusions This study will increase our understanding about whether and how a theory-based online intervention can help adults with type 2 diabetes increase their level of physical activity and decrease their sedentary time. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/12413
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Poppe
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maïté Verloigne
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurent Degroote
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Samyah Shadid
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Crombez
- Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Morgan SA, Ali MM, Channon AA, Al-Sabahi S, Al Suwaidi H, Osman N, Al Salameen M, Khoja T. Prevalence and correlates of diabetes and its comorbidities in four Gulf Cooperation Council countries: evidence from the World Health Survey Plus. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 73:630-636. [PMID: 30894421 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2018-211187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gulf Cooperation Council countries are witnessing unprecedented changes due to fast economic development and population growth. The aims of this study were twofold: first, to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and its comorbidities; second, to examine the association of sociodemographic risk factors and healthcare service utilisation with diabetes. METHODS Data from the World Health Survey Plus (WHS+) from Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates were used. The WHS+ is a nationally representative household survey of the adult population, conducted between 2008 and 2009. Both logistic regression and zero-inflated Poisson models were applied to examine the associations of risk factors, comorbidity and treatment with self-reported diabetes. RESULTS The highest level of diabetes was observed in Kuwait, with 40.8% among the oldest age group. High body mass index, older age and low education were all associated with diabetes in all settings. High levels of comorbidity existed within the diabetic population. Over 50% of diabetics in all countries reported having at least one chronic condition. In Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, one in five diabetics reported having two or more comorbidities. Treatment prevalence was above 80% across all sociodemographic categories. CONCLUSION The burden of diabetes, although high, is not uniform across populations in the four Gulf countries. Differential exposure to risk, such as unhealthy lifestyles, may be creating a disadvantage for certain populations and influencing the co-occurrence of chronic conditions. In response, a multifaceted and patient-centred approach is needed at all levels of healthcare to control and prevent non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Afshar Morgan
- Primary Care and Population Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Ali
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Amos Channon
- Department of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Huda Al Suwaidi
- Vulnerable Group Department, Community Development Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Osman
- General Director for Health Statistics and Information, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Al Salameen
- Department of Health Registration, National Center of Health Information, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, State of Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Tawfik Khoja
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Sharma S, Mishra AJ. Diabetes self-care management: Experiences of the socio-economically backward sections of Jammu. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1281-1286. [PMID: 31336478 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
| | - Anindya Jayanta Mishra
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Minooee S, Ramezani Tehrani F, Rahmati M, Amanollahi Soudmand S, Tohidi M, Sabet Z, Azizi F. The association between serum total testosterone and progression of hyperglycemia: a 15‐year prospective cohort study. Andrology 2019; 7:148-155. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Minooee
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran I.R. Iran
| | - F. Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran I.R. Iran
| | - M. Rahmati
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran I.R. Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran I.R. Iran
| | | | - M. Tohidi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran I.R.Iran
| | - Z. Sabet
- Endocrine Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran I.R. Iran
| | - F. Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran I.R. Iran
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Arnason T, Tanuseputro P, Tuna M, Manuel D. Municipal transportation policy as a population health intervention: estimating the impact of the City of Ottawa Transportation Master Plan on diabetes incidence. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2019; 110:285-293. [PMID: 30628043 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-018-0168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTERVENTION Physical inactivity is an important behavioral risk factor for chronic disease in Canada. Individual-level strategies are used in clinical medicine to target individuals for preventive intervention based on one or more risk factors. In contrast, this study examines the impact of a population-level intervention: a municipal policy outside the healthcare sector that influences the built and social environment. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the preventive effect of a municipal transportation policy to increase active transportation on a chronic disease outcome measure-diabetes incidence-when it is viewed as a population-level health intervention to increase physical activity? METHODS The impact of increases in active transportation for regular commuting to work in the city of Ottawa, Ontario was modeled to estimate number of diabetes cases prevented over 10 years. As a health-sector comparison, the reduction in incidence was equated to an individual-level approach to prevention targeting those who are inactive, meant to represent a clinical preventive intervention. RESULTS The population-level policy shift could prevent as many as 1620 incident cases of diabetes over 10 years, the largest number prevented by increases in public transit use. This population effect was equal to 17,300 inactive individuals or 12,300 inactive individuals > 45 years old undertaking a clinical preventive intervention to increase physical activity. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate why public health matters today as population-level interventions that exist as policies outside the healthcare sector, supported by public health, may have an unrecognized and therefore underappreciated impact on population health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Arnason
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. .,Public Health Medicine Unit, Ottawa Public Health, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Peter Tanuseputro
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital - Civic Campus, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital - Civic Campus, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Palliative Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Meltem Tuna
- Ottawa Hospital - Civic Campus, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital - Civic Campus, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Douglas Manuel
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital - Civic Campus, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital - Civic Campus, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Castillo Sánchez M, Galera Morcillo L, Sánchez Sánchez JA, Menárguez Puche JF. Sobrediagnóstico y sobretratamiento en el ámbito cardiovascular: factores de riesgo, no enfermedades. Aten Primaria 2018; 50 Suppl 2:20-29. [PMID: 30274865 PMCID: PMC6837072 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk factors, specifically arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, represent a very important part in relation to the emerging problem of overdiagnosis and overtreatment in primary health care. The reasons that support this threat are diverse. Given its high prevalence and the fact that the intervention on them is not going to be reflected directly in the state of health, it is added that the diagnostic criteria and indications for pharmacological treatment are not based on solid evidence. These recommendations have also been modified in recent years by virtue of professional consensus, with great potential for overtreatment and risk of undesirable effects on health. Therefore, it is essential to adequately evaluate the diagnostic criteria, inform of existing doubts and insist on the importance of changes in healthy habits such as diet and physical exercise, as well as actively reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of pharmacological treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Castillo Sánchez
- Grupo de Trabajo de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia de la Sociedad Murciana de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Grupo de Trabajo de MBE de la SMUMFyC
| | - Luis Galera Morcillo
- Grupo de Trabajo de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia de la Sociedad Murciana de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Grupo de Trabajo de MBE de la SMUMFyC
| | - Juan Antonio Sánchez Sánchez
- Grupo de Trabajo de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia de la Sociedad Murciana de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Grupo de Trabajo de MBE de la SMUMFyC.
| | - Juan Francisco Menárguez Puche
- Grupo de Trabajo de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia de la Sociedad Murciana de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Grupo de Trabajo de MBE de la SMUMFyC
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Exercise Increases Adiponectin and Reduces Leptin Levels in Prediabetic and Diabetic Individuals: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6040097. [PMID: 30380802 PMCID: PMC6318757 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is speculated that lifestyle interventions known to improve diabetic metabolic state may exert their effects via adipokines. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and WHO Clinical Trials Registry were searched for randomized controlled trials. Pooled effects of interventions were assessed as mean difference (MD) with random effects model. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to test data robustness and subgroup analysis for study heterogeneity. Twenty-two trials with 2996 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. Physical exercise increased levels of adiponectin (MD: 0.42 µg/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23, 0.60, p < 0.00001, n = 19 trials) and reduced leptin levels (MD: −1.89 ng/mL; 95% CI, −2.64, −1.14, p < 0.00001, n = 14 trials). These results were robust and remained significant after sensitivity analysis. Study heterogeneity was generally high. As for physical exercise modalities, aerobic exercise, but not other modalities, increased adiponectin and reduced leptin levels. In conclusion, physical exercise and, specifically, aerobic exercise, leads to higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels in prediabetic and diabetic adults. However, cautious interpretation of current findings is warranted.
Collapse
|
140
|
Mattli R, Wieser S, Probst-Hensch N, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Schwenkglenks M. Physical inactivity caused economic burden depends on regional cultural differences. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29:95-104. [PMID: 30260508 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for numerous non-communicable diseases which dominate the overall burden of disease in Switzerland. We aimed to estimate the burden attributable to adult physical inactivity in Switzerland and its three culturally different language regions from a societal perspective in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), medical costs, and productivity losses. The burden of physical inactivity was estimated with a population attributable fractions (PAFs) approach. PAFs were calculated based on the prevalence of physical inactivity in the Swiss Health Survey and literature-based adjusted risk ratios of disease incidence. These PAFs were then applied to the total burden of the diseases related to physical inactivity. Physical inactivity was responsible for 2.0% (95%CI 1.7%-2.2%) of total DALYs lost and 1.2% (95%CI 1.0%-1.3%) of total medical costs in 2013. This is equivalent to 116 (95%CI 99-135) Swiss francs per capita per year. Productivity losses were valued at 117 (95%CI 94-142) Swiss francs per capita per year. The two diseases which caused the highest economic burden were low back pain and depression. The analysis of regional differences revealed that the per capita burden of physical inactivity is about twice as high in the French- and Italian-speaking regions compared to the German-speaking region. Reasons include a higher prevalence of physical inactivity, higher per capita health care spending, and higher disease prevalence. Cost-effectiveness analysis of related interventions should consider regional differences for optimal resource allocation in physical activity promotion policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Mattli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine (ECPM), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Simon Wieser
- Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Póvoas SCA, Castagna C, Resende C, Coelho EF, Silva P, Santos R, Pereira R, Krustrup P. Effects of a Short-Term Recreational Team Handball-Based Programme on Physical Fitness and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health of 33-55-Year-Old Men: A Pilot Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4109796. [PMID: 30402476 PMCID: PMC6192137 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4109796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recreational team handball is an intermittent high-intensity exercise mode with physiological demands in the range of those found to enhance health and physical fitness of sedentary adults. We examined the effects of a short-term team handball-based training programme on physical fitness and metabolic and cardiovascular health of sedentary 33-55-year-old former male team handball players. Twenty-four participants were divided into team handball (THG; n=15) and control groups (CG; n=9) and evaluated at baseline and postintervention. During 12 weeks, THG performed 2-3 60-min recreational team handball matches weekly (average: 2.2 ± 0.7), and CG maintained an inactive lifestyle. Average heart rate (HR) during matches was 80 ± 7%HRmax, with peak values of 91 ± 6%HRmax. A time-by-group interaction was shown in aerobic performance (p=0.016), postural balance (p=0.019), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) (p=0.023), resting HR (p<0.001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p=0.048), and fasting blood glucose (p=0.052) in favor of THG. THG improved aerobic performance (80%, p<0.001), VO2max (14%, p<0.001), and postural balance (27%, p=0.018). Decreases in resting HR (16%, p<0.001) and fasting blood glucose (7%, p=0.015) and increases in HDL cholesterol (11%, p=0.002) were found in THG. Recreational team handball practice shows positive physical fitness and health-related adaptations, with high attendance, which may contribute to the reduction of the risk of developing lifestyle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana C. A. Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Carlo Castagna
- Fitness Training and Biomechanics Laboratory, Italian Football Federation, Technical Department, Coverciano, Florence, Italy
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlos Resende
- University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Silva
- University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Santos
- University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Rita Pereira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Abstract
A significant rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Middle-east and North Africa (MENA) region has seen over the last few decades. The present observational study aimed to evaluate and compare the risk of developing T2DM in the cities of Riyadh and Amman using the Arab Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire (ARABRISK).The ARABRISK was administered in a total of 1116 healthy male and female individuals in the age group of 40 to 74 years with no prior history of diabetes in the city of Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) and Amman (Jordan). ARABRISK is an Arabic version of the Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire (CANRISK), which was adapted and validated for the use in Arab-speaking individuals in Saudi Arabia and Jordan.The participants from Amman region had higher mean total ARABRISK score compared to the Riyadh region for all categories of ARABRISK. However, the difference was significant in both low- and high-risk categories (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively) but not significant for moderate category (P = .17). In the Riyadh population, female participants had significantly higher ARABRISK total scores compared to male in both moderate- and high-risk categories (P = .01). However, in the Amman population, male participants had significantly higher ARABRISK total scores compared to female in both low- and moderate-risk categories (P = .01).The present study suggested an increased risk of developing T2DM in the cities of Riyadh and Amman. However, the population of Amman had a higher risk of developing T2DM compared to the population of Riyadh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alia A. Alghwiri
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzeh Awad
- Health Science Department, Higher College of Technology, ADWC, UAE
| | - Shahnawaz Anwer
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Wu H, Jackson CA, Wild SH, Jian W, Dong J, Gasevic D. Socioeconomic status and self-reported, screen-detected and total diabetes prevalence in Chinese men and women in 2011-2012: a nationwide cross-sectional study. J Glob Health 2018; 8:020501. [PMID: 30140436 PMCID: PMC6076585 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A rapid epidemiological transition is taking place in China and the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and diabetes prevalence is not clear and may vary by population characteristics and geography within the country. We describe the associations between educational level, annual household living expenditure (AHLE) and diabetes prevalence in a large middle-aged and elderly Chinese population using data from a nationwide cross-sectional study. Methods We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, which collected information from interviews and blood tests from a nationwide sample of people over 44 years of age in 2011-2012. We used multivariable logistic regression to describe the association between highest levels of education (high school or above compared to illiterate) or AHLE (top vs bottom quartile) and self-reported, screen-detected or total diabetes prevalence. We stratified by sex and adjusted for age, education or AHLE (as appropriate), urban, rural or migrant residence status and geographical area. Results Complete data were available for 10 100 participants of whom 10.5% and 28.9% had the highest and the lowest levels of education respectively. Overall prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 6.0% and of screen-detected diabetes was 9.8%. Higher education level was associated with both self-reported diabetes (odds ratio (OR) = 2.41, 95% confidence interval CI = 1.36-4.46) and total diabetes (OR = 1.53 95%, CI = 1.10-2.15) only in men. AHLE was associated with self-reported diabetes in men (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.26-2.84) and women (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.62-3.34). There was no association between SES and screen-detected diabetes for men or women. Conclusions SES inequalities exist in prevalence of diabetes in China and can be used to inform approaches to prevention. Identification and appropriate intervention for people with undiagnosed diabetes is required for all SES groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Wu
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline A Jackson
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Weiyan Jian
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqun Dong
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Shibayama T, Noguchi H, Takahashi H, Tamiya N. Relationship between social engagement and diabetes incidence in a middle-aged population: Results from a longitudinal nationwide survey in Japan. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:1060-1066. [PMID: 29430865 PMCID: PMC6123021 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Social engagement can positively affect health status, but its effect on diabetes incidence remains unclear. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between social engagement and diabetes incidence in a middle-aged Japanese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed data on 31,615 people aged 50-59 years from a prospective national survey carried out in Japan from 2005 to 2013. Diabetes incidence was measured by asking respondents annually whether they had been diagnosed with diabetes by a physician in the previous year. We used the complementary log-log model for interval-censored survival time analysis. Social engagement was assessed at baseline as participation in social activities, having the companionship of friends, living with someone and employment status. Covariates including sex, age, health status and health behaviors were also measured at baseline. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates measured at baseline, the effect size of social engagement on diabetes incidence was the same as or larger than that of the covariates. Respondents who participated in social activities (hazard ratio [HR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-0.92), had the companionship of friends (HR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-1.00), lived with someone (HR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82-0.89) and were employed (HR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.96) were significantly less vulnerable to diabetes than were those who did not. CONCLUSIONS The present study found a prospective association between social engagement and diabetes incidence among a middle-aged population. Future strategies to prevent diabetes in Japan should focus on both social and personal factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haruko Noguchi
- Faculty of Political Science and EconomicsWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Nanako Tamiya
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Schrover IM, van der Graaf Y, Spiering W, Visseren FL. The relation between body fat distribution, plasma concentrations of adipokines and the metabolic syndrome in patients with clinically manifest vascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:1548-1557. [PMID: 30052066 PMCID: PMC6146311 DOI: 10.1177/2047487318790722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We evaluated the relationship between adipokine plasma concentrations and
body fat distribution and the metabolic syndrome. Methods In a cohort of 1215 patients with clinically manifest vascular disease the
relation between subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, waist
circumference, body mass index and plasma concentrations of adipsin,
chemerin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, migration inhibitory factor,
nerve growth factor, resistin, plasma amyloid A1, adiponectin, leptin,
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and hepatic growth factor were
cross-sectionally assessed with linear regression and adjusted for age and
gender. The relation between adipokines and the metabolic syndrome was
cross-sectionally evaluated using logistic regression. An adipokine profile
was developed to measure the effect of combined rather than single
adipokines. Results Adiposity was related to higher nerve growth factor, hepatic growth factor,
migration inhibitory factor, leptin and adipsin and with lower chemerin,
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, resistin, plasma amyloid A1 and
adiponectin. The strongest positive relations were between body mass index
and adipsin (β 0.247; 95% CI 0.137–0.356) and leptin (β 0.266; 95% CI
0.207–0.324); the strongest negative relations were between body mass index
and plasma amyloid A1 (β –0.266; 95% CI –0.386 to –0.146) and visceral
adipose tissue and adiponectin (β –0.168; 95% CI –0.226 to –0.111). There
was no relation between subcutaneous adipose tissue and adipokines. Odds for
the metabolic syndrome were higher with each 1 SD higher hepatic growth
factor (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.06–1.38) and leptin (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.10–1.45)
and lower with each 1 SD higher adiponectin (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.64–0.83) and
resistin (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.74–0.97). The adipokine profile was related to
the metabolic syndrome (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00–1.06). Conclusion Plasma concentrations of adipokines are related to obesity and body fat
distribution. The relation between adipokine concentrations and the
metabolic syndrome is independent of visceral adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse M Schrover
- 1 Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda van der Graaf
- 2 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko Spiering
- 1 Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Lj Visseren
- 1 Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Tanuseputro P, Arnason T, Hennessy D, Smith B, Bennett C, Kopec J, Pinto AD, Perez R, Tuna M, Manuel D. Simulation modeling to enhance population health intervention research for chronic disease prevention. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2018; 110:52-57. [PMID: 30039263 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-018-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Population Health Intervention Research (PHIR) is an expanding field that explores the health effects of population-level interventions conducted within and outside of the health sector. Simulation modeling-the use of mathematical models to predict health outcomes in populations given a set of specified inputs-is a useful, yet underutilized tool for PHIR. It can be employed at several phases of the research process: (1) planning and designing PHIR studies; (2) implementation; and (3) knowledge translation of findings across settings and populations. Using the example of community-wide, built environment interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, we demonstrate how simulation models can be a powerful technique for chronic disease prevention research within PHIR. With increasingly available data on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes, the use of simulation modeling in PHIR for chronic disease prevention is anticipated to grow. There is a continued need to ensure models are appropriately validated and researchers should be cautious in their interpretation of model outputs given the uncertainties that are inherent with simulation modeling approaches. However, given the complexity of disease pathways and methodological challenges of PHIR studies, simulation models can be a valuable tool for researchers studying population interventions that hold the potential to improve health and reduce health inequities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tanuseputro
- Bruyère Research Institute, 43 Bruyère Street, Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada. .,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital - Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave Box 693, 2-005 Admin Services Building, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada. .,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Civic Campus, Administrative Services Building, 1st Floor, 1053 Carling Avenue, Box 684, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Palliative Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Trevor Arnason
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Deirdre Hennessy
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital - Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave Box 693, 2-005 Admin Services Building, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Brendan Smith
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, 480 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V2, Canada
| | - Carol Bennett
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Civic Campus, Administrative Services Building, 1st Floor, 1053 Carling Avenue, Box 684, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Jacek Kopec
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Milan Ilich Arthritis Research Centre, 5591 No. 3 Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 2C7, Canada
| | - Andrew D Pinto
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard Perez
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Civic Campus, Administrative Services Building, 1st Floor, 1053 Carling Avenue, Box 684, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Meltem Tuna
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Civic Campus, Administrative Services Building, 1st Floor, 1053 Carling Avenue, Box 684, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Douglas Manuel
- Bruyère Research Institute, 43 Bruyère Street, Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital - Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave Box 693, 2-005 Admin Services Building, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Civic Campus, Administrative Services Building, 1st Floor, 1053 Carling Avenue, Box 684, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Mui LWH, Friedman RH, Lau JTF, Peng J, Abdullah AS. A RCT to evaluate a totally automated, culturally-adapted telephone counselor for increasing physical activity among physically inactive individuals in China. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:785. [PMID: 29940904 PMCID: PMC6020214 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes in China has rapidly increased in recent years. Family history and physical inactivity are known risk factors for developing diabetes. As automated telephone-based communication is recognized as a cost-effective health promoting device, the present study aims at evaluating the efficacy of an automated telephone counselor (TLC-PA-China) for promoting physical activity to the WHO-recommended level among physically inactive family members of diabetes patients. METHODS This study employed a parallel, two-group, non-blinded, randomized controlled trial design with equal allocation to the intervention group (TLC-PA-China), and a control group. Voluntary participants with at least one first-degree relative diagnosed with diabetes mellitus were recruited through eight Community Health Centers in Shenzhen, China. The intervention group was requested to use the system once per week during a six-month period. The control group received an information pamphlet about the benefits of regular physical activity. RESULTS Two hundred ten eligible participants were randomized to TLC-PA-China (n = 109) or Control (n = 101) groups. Using intention-to-treat analysis, the TLC-PA-China group was significantly more likely to meet the WHO physical activity recommendation than the control (GEE: OR = 6.37, p < 0.001). The number of physically inactive people to intervene upon for one to become active was 2.84 at 3 months and 3.31 at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS TLC-PA-China increased physical activity levels among physically inactive adults in China who were at high risk of developing diabetes. This study lays the groundwork for application of behavioral informatics intervention in China. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-PRC-13003361 . Registered 15 May 2013 (Retrospectively registered).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lancelot W. H. Mui
- Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Robert H. Friedman
- Medical Information Systems Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Ji Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Abu S. Abdullah
- Medical Information Systems Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts USA
- Global Health Program, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Zhu Y, Blumenthal JA, Shi C, Jiang R, Patel A, Zhang A, Yu X, Gao R, Wu Y. Sedentary Behavior and the Risk of Depression in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2018; 121:1456-1460. [PMID: 29709263 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although there is good evidence that sedentary behavior is associated with poor health outcomes in healthy persons and patients with cardiovascular disease, the mental health consequences of sedentary behavior have not been widely studied. In this report, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis to examine the relation of self-reported sedentary behavior and depression in a sample of 4,043 hospitalized men and women with acute coronary syndrome enrolled in a randomized clinical trial in rural China. Sedentary behavior was assessed by self-report, and depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); a subset of 1,209 patients also completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Results revealed that greater sedentary behavior was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms measured by both the PHQ-9 (p <0.001) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (p <0.001). Compared with patients who reported that they were seldom sedentary, patients reporting that they were frequently sedentary were 4.7 times (odds ratio 4.73, 95% confidence interval 2.71 to 8.24) more likely to be clinically depressed defined as PHQ-9 scores ≥10 after adjusting for demographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, clinical characteristics, and in-hospital treatments. In conclusion, greater sedentary behavior is significantly related to greater depression in Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome, independent of physical activity. These findings suggest that strategies to reduce sedentary behavior may improve medical outcomes and reduce risk for depression.
Collapse
|
149
|
Mucheru D, Hanlon MC, Campbell LE, McEvoy M, MacDonald-Wicks L. Cardiovascular disease lifestyle risk factors in people with psychosis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:742. [PMID: 29907101 PMCID: PMC6003197 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with psychosis die on average 25 years earlier than those in the general population, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) contributing to much of the excess mortality. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the relationship between lifestyle risk factors for CVD - poor nutrition, smoking and low physical activity levels - and dyslipidaemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia while controlling for potential confounders in 1825 people from the Survey of High Impact Psychosis (SHIP) in Australia. We also aimed to identify clustering patterns of lifestyle risk factors and associated demographic variables. METHODS Three logistic regressions were used to predict the effect of nutrition, smoking and physical activity on dyslipidaemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia while controlling for clozapine use, sex and age. Clustering patterns of nutrition, smoking and physical activity were examined using the two-step cluster method which is based on hierarchical cluster analysis. Demographic variables associated with different clusters were identified using measures of association. RESULTS Smoking status had a positive association with dyslipidaemia (adjusted odds ratio = 0.50; 95% confidence interval = 0.32-0.78; p = 0.002). Other cardiovascular disease lifestyle risk factors did not have a significant relationship with dyslipidaemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia. Clustering patterns of lifestyle risk factors showed that younger men, with low education levels, and relying on a government pension, were most likely to display the poorest lifestyle risk behaviours. The largest cluster (42%) of participants was characterised by a mixed demographic profile and were most likely to display poor nutrition and low physical activity levels but less likely to smoke. CONCLUSIONS Only smoking status had a significant positive association with dyslipidaemia which could indicate that there are additional factors affecting the relationship between other cardiovascular lifestyle risk factors and dyslipidaemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia in people with psychosis. Unknown confounders and traditional lifestyle risk factors may explain the high rates of CVD in this group. Clustering of lifestyle risk factors and their demographic profiles could help the design of intervention programs in people with psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Mucheru
- Faculty Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Mary-Claire Hanlon
- Faculty Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Brain and Mental Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, 2305 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Linda E. Campbell
- Brain and Mental Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, 2305 Australia
- Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Faculty Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, 2305 Australia
| | - Lesley MacDonald-Wicks
- Faculty Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
- Brain and Mental Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, 2305 Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Perceived yoga exercise benefits and barriers of university students by gender: Results of a survey research. TURKISH JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.31459/turkjkin.407340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|