151
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Barmania F, Mellet J, Holborn MA, Pepper MS. Genetic Associations with Coronavirus Susceptibility and Disease Severity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1412:119-140. [PMID: 37378764 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global public health emergency, and the disease it causes is highly variable in its clinical presentation. Host genetic factors are increasingly recognised as a determinant of infection susceptibility and disease severity. Several initiatives and groups have been established to analyse and review host genetic epidemiology associated with COVID-19 outcomes. Here, we review the genetic loci associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity focusing on the common variants identified in genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Barmania
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juanita Mellet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Megan A Holborn
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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152
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Arish M, Qian W, Narasimhan H, Sun J. COVID-19 immunopathology: From acute diseases to chronic sequelae. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28122. [PMID: 36056655 PMCID: PMC9537925 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly targets the lung as a primary affected organ, which is also a critical site of immune cell activation by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, recent reports also suggest the involvement of extrapulmonary tissues in COVID-19 pathology. The interplay of both innate and adaptive immune responses is key to COVID-19 management. As a result, a robust innate immune response provides the first line of defense, concomitantly, adaptive immunity neutralizes the infection and builds memory for long-term protection. However, dysregulated immunity, both innate and adaptive, can skew towards immunopathology both in acute and chronic cases. Here we have summarized some of the recent findings that provide critical insight into the immunopathology caused by SARS-CoV-2, in acute and post-acute cases. Finally, we further discuss some of the immunomodulatory drugs in preclinical and clinical trials for dampening the immunopathology caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Arish
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Harish Narasimhan
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,corresponding author.
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153
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Chen P, Shi X, He W, Zhong G, Tang Y, Wang H, Zhang P. mRNA vaccine-a desirable therapeutic strategy for surmounting COVID-19 pandemic. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2040330. [PMID: 35321627 PMCID: PMC8973374 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As an acute respiratory infectious disease, COVID-19 threatens the safety of global public health. Given the current lack of specific treatment against this disease, research and development of vaccines have become sharp weapons for overcoming the pandemic. mRNA vaccines have become the lead in COVID-19 vaccination strategies due to their advantages, such as rapid industrial production and efficacy. A total of 137 COVID-19 vaccines have entered the clinical trial stage, among which 23 are mRNA vaccines, accounting for 17% of the total vaccines. Herein, we summarize the research and developmental processes of mRNA vaccines as well as the approach for protecting the human body against infection. Focusing on the latest clinical trial data of two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines from Pfizer and Modena, we discuss their effectiveness and safety. Finally, we analyze the challenges and problems that mRNA vaccines face in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Chen
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peopleʻs Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Shi
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peopleʻs Republic of China
| | - Weixin He
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peopleʻs Republic of China
| | - Guowei Zhong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peopleʻs Republic of China
| | - Yan Tang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peopleʻs Republic of China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Peopleʻs Hospital of Guangning County, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong, Peopleʻs Republic of China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peopleʻs Republic of China
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154
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Behera P, Singh AK, Subba SH, Mc A, Sahu DP, Chandanshive PD, Pradhan SK, Parida SP, Mishra A, Patro BK, Batmanabane G. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine (Covaxin) against breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in India. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2034456. [PMID: 35321625 PMCID: PMC9009960 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2034456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
India approved COVID-19 vaccine called Covaxin, developed by the Indian Council of Medical Research and Bharat Biotech Ltd. The primary objective of the study was to estimate the effectiveness of Covaxin in preventing breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers (HCWs). A test-negative matched case-control study was conducted among HCWs of tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Any HCW who tested positive for COVID-19 using RT-PCR during April and May 2021 was taken as the case. The HCWs who tested negative for COVID-19 by RT-PCR were considered as controls after matching with the date of testing and profession of the cases. Vaccination data were collected from the institution's vaccine database and recall. In case of discrepancy, it was confirmed from the CoWIN portal (cowin.gov.in). The sample size was 670 participants (335 pairs). Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio for breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated using the following formula: VE = (1-aOR) × 100%. Sensitivity analysis was done for effectiveness of Covaxin, excluding Covishield vaccination. The mean age of participants was 29.1 years (SD = 7.1), and the majority were males (55.2%). Among the study participants, 60% were completely vaccinated, 18.51% were partially vaccinated, and 21.49% were unvaccinated. After adjusting for age, gender, type of household and past history of COVID-19 disease in conditional logistic models, the vaccine effectiveness was 22% (aOR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.52-1.17; p = .233). Sensitivity analysis with Covaxin showed an effectiveness of 29% (aOR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.47-1.08; p = .114) for preventing breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamadhaba Behera
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Singh
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sonu Hangma Subba
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arjun Mc
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Dinesh Prasad Sahu
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Pradnya Dilip Chandanshive
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Somen Kumar Pradhan
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Swayam Pragyan Parida
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Abhisek Mishra
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Binod Kumar Patro
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India,CONTACT Binod Kumar Patro Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Third Floor, Academic Block, Bhubaneswar751019, India
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155
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Characterization of Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Responses to an Adjuvanted Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Vaccine Candidate in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010030. [PMID: 36679875 PMCID: PMC9865305 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous viral evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in variants capable of immune evasion, vaccine breakthrough infections and increased transmissibility. New vaccines that invoke mucosal immunity may provide a solution to reducing virus transmission. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of intranasally administered subunit protein vaccines composed of a stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer or the receptor binding domain (RBD) adjuvanted with either cholera toxin (CT) or an archaeal lipid mucosal adjuvant (AMVAD). We show robust induction of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA responses in plasma, nasal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage in mice only when adjuvant is used in the vaccine formulation. While the AMVAD adjuvant was more effective at inducing systemic antibodies against the RBD antigen than CT, CT was generally more effective at inducing overall higher IgA and IgG titers against the spike antigen in both systemic and mucosal compartments. Furthermore, vaccination with adjuvanted spike led to superior mucosal IgA responses than with the RBD antigen and produced broadly targeting neutralizing plasma antibodies against ancestral, Delta and Omicron variants in vitro; whereas adjuvanted RBD elicited a narrower antibody response with neutralizing activity only against ancestral and Delta variants. Our study demonstrates that intranasal administration of an adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine in immunologically naïve mice induced both systemic and mucosal neutralizing antibody responses that were most effective at neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 variants when the trimeric spike was used as an antigen compared to RBD.
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156
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Yakoubi A, Dhafer CEB. Advanced Plasmonic Nanoparticle-Based Techniques for the Prevention, Detection, and Treatment of Current COVID-19. PLASMONICS (NORWELL, MASS.) 2022; 18:311-347. [PMID: 36588744 PMCID: PMC9786532 DOI: 10.1007/s11468-022-01754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus is an ongoing global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Coronavirus disease 2019 known as COVID-19 is the worst pandemic since World War II. The outbreak of COVID-19 had a significant repercussion on the health, economy, politics, and environment, making coronavirus-related issues more complicated and becoming one of the most challenging pandemics of the last century with deadly outcomes and a high rate of the reproduction number. There are thousands of different types - or variants - of COVID circulating across the world. Viruses mutate all the time; it emphasizes the critical need for the designing of efficient vaccines to prevent virus infection, early and fast diagnosis, and effective antiviral and protective therapeutics. In this regard, the use of nanotechnology offers new opportunities for the development of novel strategies in terms of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. This review presents an outline of the platforms developed using plasmonic nanoparticles in the detection, treatment, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2. We select the best strategies in each of these approaches. The properties of metallic plasmon NPs and their relevance in the development of novel point-of-care diagnosis approaches for COVID-19 are highlighted. Also, we discuss the current challenges and the future perspectives looking towards the clinical translation and the commercial aspects of nanotechnology and plasmonic NP-based diagnostic tools and therapy to fight COVID-19 pandemic. The article could be of significance for researchers dedicated to developing suitable plasmonic detection tools and therapy approaches for COVID-19 viruses and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afef Yakoubi
- Laboratory of Hetero-organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences Bizerte, University of Carthage, LR 18 ES11, 7021 Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Cyrine El Baher Dhafer
- Chemistry Department College of Science, Jouf University, P.O Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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157
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Hauser BM, Feldman J, Sangesland M, Ronsard L, St Denis KJ, Sheehan ML, Cao Y, Boucau J, Windsor IW, Cheng AH, Vu ML, Cardoso MR, Kannegieter T, Balazs AB, Lingwood D, Garcia-Beltran WF, Schmidt AG. Cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 epitope targeted across donors informs immunogen design. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100834. [PMID: 36423634 PMCID: PMC9663748 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the antigenically distinct and highly transmissible Omicron variant highlights the possibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune escape due to viral evolution. This continued evolution, along with the possible introduction of new sarbecoviruses from zoonotic reservoirs, may evade host immunity elicited by current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Identifying cross-reactive antibodies and defining their epitope(s) can provide templates for rational immunogen design strategies for next-generation vaccines. Here, we characterize the receptor-binding-domain-directed, cross-reactive humoral repertoire across 10 human vaccinated donors. We identify cross-reactive antibodies from diverse gene rearrangements targeting two conserved receptor-binding domain epitopes. An engineered immunogen enriches antibody responses to one of these conserved epitopes in mice with pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 immunity; elicited responses neutralize SARS-CoV-2, variants, and related sarbecoviruses. These data show how immune focusing to a conserved epitope targeted by human cross-reactive antibodies may guide pan-sarbecovirus vaccine development, providing a template for identifying such epitopes and translating to immunogen design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake M Hauser
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maya Sangesland
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Larance Ronsard
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kerri J St Denis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maegan L Sheehan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yi Cao
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ian W Windsor
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Agnes H Cheng
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mya L Vu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Ty Kannegieter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wilfredo F Garcia-Beltran
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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158
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Fredericks AM, East KW, Shi Y, Liu J, Maschietto F, Ayala A, Cioffi WG, Cohen M, Fairbrother WG, Lefort CT, Nau GJ, Levy MM, Wang J, Batista VS, Lisi GP, Monaghan SF. Identification and mechanistic basis of non-ACE2 blocking neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients with deep RNA sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1080964. [PMID: 36589229 PMCID: PMC9800910 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1080964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to cause disease and impair the effectiveness of treatments. The therapeutic potential of convergent neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) from fully recovered patients has been explored in several early stages of novel drugs. Here, we identified initially elicited NAbs (Ig Heavy, Ig lambda, Ig kappa) in response to COVID-19 infection in patients admitted to the intensive care unit at a single center with deep RNA sequencing (>100 million reads) of peripheral blood as a diagnostic tool for predicting the severity of the disease and as a means to pinpoint specific compensatory NAb treatments. Clinical data were prospectively collected at multiple time points during ICU admission, and amino acid sequences for the NAb CDR3 segments were identified. Patients who survived severe COVID-19 had significantly more of a Class 3 antibody (C135) to SARS-CoV-2 compared to non-survivors (15059.4 vs. 1412.7, p = 0.016). In addition to highlighting the utility of RNA sequencing in revealing unique NAb profiles in COVID-19 patients with different outcomes, we provided a physical basis for our findings via atomistic modeling combined with molecular dynamics simulations. We established the interactions of the Class 3 NAb C135 with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, proposing a mechanistic basis for inhibition via multiple conformations that can effectively prevent ACE2 from binding to the spike protein, despite C135 not directly blocking the ACE2 binding motif. Overall, we demonstrate that deep RNA sequencing combined with structural modeling offers the new potential to identify and understand novel therapeutic(s) NAbs in individuals lacking certain immune responses due to their poor endogenous production. Our results suggest a possible window of opportunity for administration of such NAbs when their full sequence becomes available. A method involving rapid deep RNA sequencing of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 or its variants at the earliest infection time could help to develop personalized treatments using the identified specific NAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alger M. Fredericks
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kyle W. East
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yuanjun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jinchan Liu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Alfred Ayala
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - William G. Cioffi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Maya Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - William G. Fairbrother
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Craig T. Lefort
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Gerard J. Nau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Mitchell M. Levy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jimin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - George P. Lisi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Sean F. Monaghan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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159
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Accurti V, Gambitta B, Iodice S, Manenti A, Boito S, Dapporto F, Leonardi M, Molesti E, Fabietti I, Montomoli E, Bollati V, Persico N. SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion and Pregnancy Outcomes in a Population of Pregnant Women Recruited in Milan, Italy, between April 2020 and October 2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416720. [PMID: 36554602 PMCID: PMC9778651 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The possible link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes has so far demonstrated heterogeneous results in terms of maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications. We aim to investigate the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and/or neutralization titer and pregnancy outcomes. We analyzed a population of 528 pregnant women followed up from the first trimester of gestation until delivery. For each woman, we collected a first blood sample between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation and a second sample in the perinatal period (between peripartum and puerperium) to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and/or microneutralization titer (MN titer). Data on pregnancy outcomes (gestational age at delivery, preterm birth before 34 weeks, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and abnormal fetal growth) were collected. We observed that serologic status per se is not associated with major pregnancy complications. On the contrary, the MN titer was associated with increased odds of gestational diabetes. Although we mainly reported asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and the absence of severe maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes, SARS-CoV-2 infection might challenge the maternal immune system and explain the moderate increase in adverse outcome odds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Accurti
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Gambitta
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Iodice
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simona Boito
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Isabella Fabietti
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi Srl, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Persico
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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160
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Jurenka J, Nagyová A, Dababseh M, Mihalov P, Stankovič I, Boža V, Kravec M, Palkovič M, Čaprnda M, Sabaka P. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Status at the Time of Hospital Admission and the Prognosis of Patients with COVID-19: A Prospective Observational Study. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:1004-1016. [PMID: 36547246 PMCID: PMC9779184 DOI: 10.3390/idr14060100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between COVID-19 severity and antibody response has not been clearly determined. We aimed to assess the effects of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 S protein at the time of hospital admission on in-hospital and longitudinal survival. Methods: A prospective observational study in naive hospitalised COVID-19 patients. The presence of anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG was evaluated using a lateral flow assay at the time of admission. The patients were followed up for 8-30 months to assess survival. We recruited 554 patients (330 men and 224 women). Overall, 63.0% of the patients had positive IgG or IgM anti-S SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the time of hospital admission. In the univariate analysis, the patients with negative anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies were referred to the hospital sooner, had lower CRP and D-dimer concentrations, and were hospitalised longer. They were also more likely to be admitted to an intensive care unit and more often received baricitinib treatment. During their hospital stay, 8.5% of the antibody-positive and 22.3% of the antibody-negative patients died (p = 0.0001). The median duration of the follow-up was 21 months. During the follow-up after hospital discharge, 3.6% of antibody-positive and 9.1% of antibody-negative patients died (p = 0.027). In the multivariate analysis, the negative anti-S SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death (OR 3.800; 95% CI 1.844-7.829; p = 0.0001) and with a higher risk of death during follow-up (OR 2.863; 95% CI 1.110-7.386; p = 0.030). These associations were independent of age, the time from symptom onset to hospital admission, CRP, D-Dimer, the number of comorbidities, disease severity at the time of hospital admission, and baricitinib therapy. Our study concludes that negative anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG at the time of admission are associated with higher in-hospital mortality and cause a higher risk of all-cause death during follow-up after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Jurenka
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Nagyová
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mohammad Dababseh
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mihalov
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Stankovič
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Boža
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marián Kravec
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Palkovič
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Čaprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Sabaka
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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161
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Liang H, Nian X, Wu J, Liu D, Feng L, Lu J, Peng Y, Zhou Z, Deng T, Liu J, Ji D, Qiu R, Lin L, Zeng Y, Xia F, Hu Y, Li T, Duan K, Li X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhu C, Wang S, Wu X, Wang X, Li Y, Huang S, Mao M, Guo H, Yang Y, Jia R, Xufang J, Wang X, Liang S, Qiu Z, Zhang J, Ding Y, Li C, Zhang J, Fu D, He Y, Zhou D, Li C, Zhang J, Yu D, Yang XM. COVID-19 vaccination boosts the potency and breadth of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 among recovered patients in Wuhan. Cell Discov 2022; 8:131. [PMID: 36494338 PMCID: PMC9734167 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunity of patients who recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be long lasting but persist at a lower level. Thus, recovered patients still need to be vaccinated to prevent reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or its mutated variants. Here, we report that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine can stimulate immunity in recovered patients to maintain high levels of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibody titers within 9 months, and high neutralizing activity against the prototype, Delta, and Omicron strains was observed. Nevertheless, the antibody response decreased over time, and the Omicron variant exhibited more pronounced resistance to neutralization than the prototype and Delta strains. Moreover, the intensity of the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell response was also increased in recovered patients who received COVID-19 vaccines. Overall, the repeated antigen exposure provided by inactivated COVID-19 vaccination greatly boosted both the potency and breadth of the humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, effectively protecting recovered individuals from reinfection by circulating SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xuanxuan Nian
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Junzheng Wu
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Dong Liu
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jia Lu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yan Peng
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Tao Deng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jing Liu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Deming Ji
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Ran Qiu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Lianzhen Lin
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yan Zeng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Fei Xia
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yong Hu
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Taojing Li
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kai Duan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xinguo Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Zejun Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Shang Wang
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xiang Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yuwei Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Shihe Huang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Min Mao
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Wuxue Wusheng Plasma Collection Center, Wuxue, Hubei China
| | - Yunkai Yang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Jia
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Xufang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhixin Qiu
- Wuhan Biobank Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Wuhan Biobank Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yaling Ding
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Daoxing Fu
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin He
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China ,Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Dongbo Zhou
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Cesheng Li
- Sinopharm Wuhan Plasma-derived Biotherapies Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jiayou Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,grid.433798.20000 0004 0619 8601Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Ding Yu
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, China ,Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Hubei China ,China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
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Bartsch YC, Chen JW, Kang J, Burns MD, St Denis KJ, Sheehan ML, Davis JP, Edlow AG, Balazs AB, Yonker LM, Alter G. BNT162b2 induces robust cross-variant SARS-CoV-2 immunity in children. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:158. [DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCurrently available mRNA vaccines are extremely safe and effective to prevent severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, the emergence of variants of concerns (VOCs) has highlighted the importance of high population-based vaccine rates to effectively suppress viral transmission and breakthrough infections. While initially left out from vaccine efforts, children have become one of the most affected age groups and are key targets to stop community and household spread. Antibodies are central for vaccine-induced protection and emerging data points to the importance of additional Fc effector functions like opsononophagocytosis or cytotoxicity, particularly in the context of VOCs that escape neutralizing antibodies. Here, we observed delayed induction and reduced magnitude of vaccine-induced antibody titers in children 5-11 years receiving two doses of the age-recommended 10 μg dose of the Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine compared to adolescents (12–15 years) or adults receiving the 30 μg dose. Conversely, children mounted equivalent or more robust neutralization and opsonophagocytic functions at peak immunogenicity, pointing to a qualitatively more robust humoral functional response in children. Moreover, broad cross-VOC responses were observed across children, with enhanced IgM and parallel IgG cross-reactivity to VOCs in children compared to adults. Collectively, these data argue that despite the lower magnitude of the BNT162b2-induced antibody response in children, vaccine-induced immunity in children target VOCs broadly and exhibit enhanced functionality that may contribute to the attenuation of disease.
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163
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Li ZP, Shi YF, Hou LH, Jin PF, Ma SH, Pan HX, Zhang JL, Shan YM, Huang HT, Wu SP, Du P, Wang X, Wang LL, Wang RJ, Wang Y, Wang XW, Zhu FC, Li JX. Batch-to-batch consistency trial of an adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine in adults aged 18 years and above. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1843-1849. [PMID: 36048417 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2119133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demonstration of batch-to-batch consistency is indispensable for quality control of vaccines. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial to evaluate the immunogenicity consistency of a single shot of Ad5-nCoV in healthy adults who had not previously received any COVID-19 vaccine. All eligible participants were randomly assigned equally to receive one of the three consecutive batches of Ad5-nCoV (5 × 1010 viral particles/vial, 0.5 mL). The primary endpoint was geometric mean titers (GMTs) of serum SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG on day 28 post-vaccination. RESULTS One thousand fifty participants were enrolled, with 350 (33%) participants per group. On day 28 post-vaccination, GMTs in three groups were 78.3 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL (95% CI 70.3-87.3), 82.9 BAU/mL (73.9-92.9), and 78.8 BAU/mL (70.2-88.4), respectively. The two-sided 95% CIs for the GMT ratios between each pair of batches were all between 0.67 and 1.5. The highest incidence of solicited adverse reactions within 7 days post-vaccination was reported by batch 3 recipients (23.1% versus 15.1% in batch 1 recipients and 14.6% in bath 2 recipients; p = 0.0039). None of the serious adverse events were related to vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Immunogenicity consistency between consecutive batches of Ad5-nCoV was well established in adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05313646).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Pei Li
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Feng Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Hou
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Hua Ma
- Guanyun County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guanyun, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xing Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Long Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Mei Shan
- Guanyun County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guanyun, P.R. China
| | | | - Shi-Po Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pan Du
- Vazyme Biotech Co. Ltd, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Basic Medical Science School, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- CanSino Biologics Inc, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Guanyun County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guanyun, P.R. China
| | | | - Ying Wang
- CanSino Biologics Inc, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Wen Wang
- Shanghai Canming Medical Technology Co Ltd, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Cai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, P.R. China.,Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xin Li
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, P.R. China.,Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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164
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Matveeva O, Nechipurenko Y, Lagutkin D, Yegorov YE, Kzhyshkowska J. SARS-CoV-2 infection of phagocytic immune cells and COVID-19 pathology: Antibody-dependent as well as independent cell entry. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050478. [PMID: 36532011 PMCID: PMC9751203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Our review summarizes the evidence that COVID-19 can be complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection of immune cells. This evidence is widespread and accumulating at an increasing rate. Research teams from around the world, studying primary and established cell cultures, animal models, and analyzing autopsy material from COVID-19 deceased patients, are seeing the same thing, namely that some immune cells are infected or capable of being infected with the virus. Human cells most vulnerable to infection include both professional phagocytes, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as nonprofessional phagocytes, such as B-cells. Convincing evidence has accumulated to suggest that the virus can infect monocytes and macrophages, while data on infection of dendritic cells and B-cells are still scarce. Viral infection of immune cells can occur directly through cell receptors, but it can also be mediated or enhanced by antibodies through the Fc gamma receptors of phagocytic cells. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) most likely occurs during the primary encounter with the pathogen through the first COVID-19 infection rather than during the second encounter, which is characteristic of ADE caused by other viruses. Highly fucosylated antibodies of vaccinees seems to be incapable of causing ADE, whereas afucosylated antibodies of persons with acute primary infection or convalescents are capable. SARS-CoV-2 entry into immune cells can lead to an abortive infection followed by host cell pyroptosis, and a massive inflammatory cascade. This scenario has the most experimental evidence. Other scenarios are also possible, for which the evidence base is not yet as extensive, namely productive infection of immune cells or trans-infection of other non-immune permissive cells. The chance of a latent infection cannot be ruled out either.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Matveeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,*Correspondence: Olga Matveeva, ; Julia Kzhyshkowska,
| | | | - Denis Lagutkin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor E. Yegorov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany,German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Mannheim, Germany,Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia,*Correspondence: Olga Matveeva, ; Julia Kzhyshkowska,
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165
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Gregory DJ, Vannier A, Duey AH, Roady TJ, Dzeng RK, Pavlovic MN, Chapin MH, Mukherjee S, Wilmot H, Chronos N, Charles RC, Ryan ET, LaRocque RC, Miller TE, Garcia-Beltran WF, Thierauf JC, Iafrate AJ, Mullenbrock S, Stump MD, Wetzel RK, Polakiewicz RD, Naranbhai V, Poznansky MC. Repertoires of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes targeted by antibodies vary according to severity of COVID-19. Virulence 2022; 13:890-902. [PMID: 35587156 PMCID: PMC9122311 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2073025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 are central to recovery and immunity from COVID-19. However, the relationship between disease severity and the repertoire of antibodies against specific SARS-CoV-2 epitopes an individual develops following exposure remains incompletely understood. Here, we studied seroprevalence of antibodies to specific SARS-CoV-2 and other betacoronavirus antigens in a well-annotated, community sample of convalescent and never-infected individuals obtained in August 2020. One hundred and twenty-four participants were classified into five groups: previously exposed but without evidence of infection, having no known exposure or evidence of infection, seroconverted without symptoms, previously diagnosed with symptomatic COVID-19, and recovered after hospitalization with COVID-19. Prevalence of IgGs specific to the following antigens was compared between the five groups: recombinant SARS-CoV-2 and betacoronavirus spike and nucleocapsid protein domains, peptides from a tiled array of 22-mers corresponding to the entire spike and nucleocapsid proteins, and peptides corresponding to predicted immunogenic regions from other proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Antibody abundance generally correlated positively with severity of prior illness. A number of specific immunogenic peptides and some that may be associated with milder illness or protection from symptomatic infection were identified. No convincing association was observed between antibodies to Receptor Binding Domain(s) (RBDs) of less pathogenic betacoronaviruses HKU1 or OC43 and COVID-19 severity. However, apparent cross-reaction with SARS-CoV RBD was evident and some predominantly asymptomatic individuals had antibodies to both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV RBDs. Findings from this pilot study may inform development of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutic antibodies, and provide insight into viral pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Gregory
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Pediatric Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Augustin Vannier
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akiro H. Duey
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler J. Roady
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard K. Dzeng
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maia N. Pavlovic
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael H. Chapin
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonia Mukherjee
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Richelle C. Charles
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Cardiology Care Clinics, Eatonton, GA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regina C. LaRocque
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler E. Miller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia C. Thierauf
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. John Iafrate
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark C. Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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166
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Park JH, Cha MJ, Choi H, Kim MC, Chung JW, Lee KS, Jeong DG, Baek MS, Kim WY, Lim Y, Yoon SW, Choi SH. Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer and the severity of COVID-19. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2022; 55:1094-1100. [PMID: 35570185 PMCID: PMC9069977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether high titers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies aggravate clinical manifestations in patients or whether severe clinical manifestations result in high antibody titers. Thus, we investigated the cause-effect relationship between SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers and disease severity. METHODS We prospectively enrolled patients admitted with the diagnosis of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) from February 2020 to August 2020. We measured SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, namely anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody and neutralizing antibody (NAb), from blood samples and calculated the chest radiograph (CXR) scores of the patients to evaluate the severity of COVID-19. RESULTS Overall, 40 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. Pneumonia was observed in more than half of the patients (25/40, 60%). SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were higher in patients who were aged >60 years (anti-RBD antibodies, P = 0.003 and NAb, P = 0.009), presented with pneumonia (P = 0.006 and 0.007, respectively), and required oxygen therapy (P = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively) than in those who were not. CXR scores peaked (at 15-21 days after the onset of symptoms) statistically significantly earlier than SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers (at 22-30 days for NAb and at 31-70 days for anti-RBD antibody). There was a close correlation between the maximum CXR score and the maximum SAR-CoV-2 antibody titer. CONCLUSIONS Based on the comparison of the peak time of SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers with the CXR score after symptom onset, we suggest that severe clinical manifestations result in high titers of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung Ha Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, South Korea
| | - Min Jae Cha
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, South Korea
| | - Jin-Won Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Moon Seong Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yaeji Lim
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Woo Yoon
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea,Corresponding author. Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea,Corresponding author. Fax: +82 2 6299 2064
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167
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Ali A, Zhang GF, Hu C, Yuan B, Jahan S, Kitsios GD, Morris A, Gao SJ, Panat R. Ultrarapid and ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients via a 3D-printed nanomaterial-based biosensing platform. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5808-5826. [PMID: 35981973 PMCID: PMC9538259 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of antibodies during infection and after vaccination is critical for the control of infectious outbreaks, understanding immune response, and evaluating vaccine efficacy. In this manuscript, we evaluate a simple ultrarapid test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients, which gives quantitative results (i.e., antibody concentration) in 10-12 s using a previously reported nanomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D)-printed biosensing platform. This platform consists of a micropillar array electrode fabricated via 3D printing of aerosolized gold nanoparticles and coated with nanoflakes of graphene and specific SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including spike S1, S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N). The sensor works on the principle of electrochemical transduction, where the change of sensor impedance is realized by the interactions between the viral proteins attached to the sensor electrode surface and the antibodies. The three sensors were used to test samples from 17 COVID-19 patients and 3 patients without COVID-19. Unlike other serological tests, the 3D sensors quantitatively detected antibodies at a concentration as low as picomole within 10-12 s in human plasma samples. We found that the studied COVID-19 patients had higher concentrations of antibodies to spike proteins (RBD and S1) than to the N protein. These results demonstrate the enormous potential of the rapid antibody test platform for understanding patients' immunity, disease epidemiology and vaccine efficacy, and facilitating the control and prevention of infectious epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahar Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA,Current address: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences,
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061 USA
| | - George Fei Zhang
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
| | - Chunshan Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
| | - Sanjida Jahan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
| | - Georgios D. Kitsios
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine,
Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,
15213 USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine,
Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,
15213 USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA,Corresponding Authors: R. Panat,
, phone: +1-412-268-2501; and S.-J. Gao,
, phone: +1-412-339-9484
| | - Rahul Panat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA,Corresponding Authors: R. Panat,
, phone: +1-412-268-2501; and S.-J. Gao,
, phone: +1-412-339-9484
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Ghani H, Ahmad L, Sharif H, Wong J, Bagol S, Alikhan MF, Taib S, Tan CW, Zhu F, Ong XM, Shim CY, Wang Y, Chan SY, Wei Y, Idris F, Naing L, Wang LF, Cunningham AC. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody in the Bruneian population: Protocol for a national longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e067020. [PMID: 36456015 PMCID: PMC9716409 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) have been shown to be correlative of immune protection against SARS-CoV-2. We report the protocol for a national longitudinal study to assess and compare the level of NAbs generated in response to COVID-19 vaccines in Brunei Darussalam in adults 2-6 weeks post primary series (BBIBP-CorV, AZD1222, or mRNA-1273 vaccines) and their subsequent follow-up after administration of a third (booster-1) dose (BBIBP-CorV, mRNA-1273, or BNT162b2). METHODS AND ANALYSIS Participant data will be extracted and processed from the national electronic health record system (Bru-HIMS) and the national mobile health application (BruHealth) into a research data platform. Eligible adults who have received their primary or booster vaccine will be invited using a stratified random sampling strategy based on age, gender and vaccine type (baseline target population, n=3000; 2-6 weeks post last dose). Blood serum will be isolated, and NAb levels assessed using the cPass surrogate virus neutralisation test. Baseline participants will then be screened for eligibility for subsequent longitudinal analysis. Those who have received a third dose will be followed up at 1, 3, 6, 9 and up to 12 months. NAb levels will be evaluated across the participant population according to vaccine platform/booster type, time since the last dose and correlated with demographic data. The study period is from December 2021 to January 2023 and aims to evaluate how NAb levels wane following a third vaccine dose across different vaccine platforms and determine the impact and rate of breakthrough infections. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Medical and Ethical Research Committee of Ministry of Health, Brunei Darussalam. Individual NAb test results will be shared with each participant by text message. The findings from this study will help policy-makers in Brunei develop future vaccination strategies and establish regulations across multiple agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazim Ghani
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Liyana Ahmad
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hanisah Sharif
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Justin Wong
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei-Muara, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Saifuddien Bagol
- Department of Laboratory Services, Ministry of Health Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei-Muara, Brunei Darussalam
| | | | - Surita Taib
- Department of Laboratory Services, Ministry of Health Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei-Muara, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhu
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Xin Mei Ong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chin Yee Shim
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd, A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore
| | - Yan Wang
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd, A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore
| | - Si Yee Chan
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd, A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore
| | - Yuan Wei
- EVYD Research Pte Ltd, A Subsidiary of EVYD Technology Limited, Singapore
| | - Fazean Idris
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Lin Naing
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Serna-Muñoz R, Hernández-Terán A, Soto-Nava M, Tapia-Trejo D, Ávila-Ríos S, Mejía-Nepomuceno F, García E, Castillejos-López M, Higuera-Iglesias AL, Aquino-Gálvez A, Thirion-Romero I, Pérez-Padilla R, Aguilar-Faisal JL, Vázquez-Pérez JA. Longitudinal Characterization of a Neutralizing and Total Antibody Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19 and Fatal Outcomes. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:2063. [PMID: 36560474 PMCID: PMC9785259 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears to play a critical role in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations in severe COVID-19 cases. Until now, the importance of developing a neutralizing antibody response in the acute phase and its relationship with progression to severe disease or fatal outcome among hospitalized patients remains unclear. In this study, we aim to characterize and compare longitudinally the primary humoral immune host response in the early stages of the disease, looking for an association between neutralization, antibody titers, infective viral lineage, and the clinical outcome in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. A total of 111 patients admitted at INER from November 2021 to June 2022 were included. We found that patients with negative or low neutralization showed a significant reduction in survival probability compared to patients with medium or high neutralization. We observed a significant decrease in the median of neutralization in patients infected with viral variants with changes in RBD of the spike protein. Our results suggest that developing an early and robust neutralizing response against SARS-CoV-2 may increase survival probability in critical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Serna-Muñoz
- Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas INER, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Terán
- Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas INER, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Maribel Soto-Nava
- CIENI Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniela Tapia-Trejo
- CIENI Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Santiago Ávila-Ríos
- CIENI Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Fidencio Mejía-Nepomuceno
- Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas INER, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Emma García
- Departamento de Unidad de Epidemiología Hospitalaria e Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas INER, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Manuel Castillejos-López
- Departamento de Unidad de Epidemiología Hospitalaria e Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas INER, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Anjarath Lorena Higuera-Iglesias
- Departamento de Unidad de Epidemiología Hospitalaria e Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas INER, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas INER, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ireri Thirion-Romero
- Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas INER, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Pérez-Padilla
- Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas INER, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Joel Armando Vázquez-Pérez
- Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas INER, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Luo WR, Wu XM. Novel coronavirus mutations: Vaccine development and challenges. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105828. [PMID: 36243381 PMCID: PMC9561474 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing global pandemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has a significant impact on global health and economy system. In this context, there have been some landmark advances in vaccine development. Over 100 new coronavirus vaccine candidates have been approved for clinical trials, with ten WHO-approved vaccines including four inactivated virus vaccines, two mRNA vaccines, three recombinant viral vectored vaccines and one protein subunit vaccine on the "Emergency Use Listing". Although the SARS-CoV-2 has an internal proofreading mechanism, there have been a number of mutations emerged in the pandemic affecting its transmissibility, pathogenicity and immunogenicity. Of these, mutations in the spike (S) protein and the resultant mutant variants have posed new challenges for vaccine development and application. In this review article, we present an overview of vaccine development, the prevalence of new coronavirus variants and their impact on protective efficacy of existing vaccines and possible immunization strategies coping with the viral mutation and diversity.
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171
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Nerenz RD, Hubbard JA, Cervinski MA. Review of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen and Antibody Testing in Diagnosis and Community Surveillance. Clin Lab Med 2022; 42:687-704. [PMID: 36368790 PMCID: PMC9651919 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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172
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Yin J, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang C. Seroconversion rate after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with solid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2119763. [PMID: 36161976 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2119763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with solid cancer have an increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated mortality than the general population. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the currently available evidence about the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with solid cancer. We included prospective studies comparing the immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines between patients with solid cancer and healthy individuals. Relative risks of seroconversion after the first and second dose of a COVID-19 vaccine were separately pooled with the use of random effects meta-analysis. Thirty studies with 11,245 subjects met the inclusion criteria. After first vaccine dose, the pooled RR of seroconversion in patients with solid cancer vs healthy individuals was 0.54 (95% CI 0.38-0.78, I2 = 94%). After a second dose, the pooled RR of seroconversion in patients with solid cancer vs healthy controls was 0.87 (0.86-0.88, I2 = 87%). Our review suggests that, compared with healthy individuals, COVID-19 vaccines show favorable immunogenicity and efficacy in patients with solid cancer. A second dose is associated with significantly improved seroconversion, although it is slightly lower in patients with solid cancer compared with healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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173
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Cvetkovic-Vega A, Urrunaga-Pastor D, Soto-Becerra P, Figueroa-Montes LE, Fernandez-Bolivar L, Alvizuri-Pastor S, Oyanguren-Miranda M, Neyra-Vera I, Carrillo-Ramos E, Sagástegui A, Contreras-Macazana R, Lecca-Rengifo D, Grande-Castro N, Apolaya-Segura M, Maguina JL. Post-vaccination seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2 in peruvian health workers vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm). Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 52:102514. [PMID: 36462747 PMCID: PMC9710108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of post-vaccination seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2 and identify its predictors in Peruvian Social Health Insurance (EsSalud) personnel in 2021. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in a representative simple stratified sample of EsSalud workers. We evaluated IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies response (seropositivity) by passive (previous infection) and active immunization (vaccination), and epidemiological and occupational variables obtained by direct interview and a data collection form. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used with correction of sample weights adjusted for non-response rate, and crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) and geometric mean ratio (GMR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. RESULTS We enrolled 1077 subjects. Seropositivity was 67.4% (95%CI: 63.4-71.1). Predictors of seropositivity were age (negative relation; p < 0.001), previous infection (aOR = 11.7; 95%CI: 7.81-17.5), working in COVID-19 area (aOR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.02-2.11) and time since the second dose. In relation to antibody levels measured by geometric means, there was an association between male sex (aGMR = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.74-0.80), age (negative relation; p < 0.001), previous infection (aGMR = 13.1; 95%CI:4.99-34.40), non-face-to-face/licensed work modality (aGMR = 0.78; 95%CI: 0.73-0.84), being a nursing technician (aGMR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.20-1.41), working in administrative areas (aGMR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.10-1.25), diagnostic support (aGMR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.01-1.15), critical care (aGMR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.79-0.93), and in a COVID-19 area (aGMR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.24-1.36) and time since receiving the second dose (negative relation; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Seropositivity and antibody levels decrease as the time since receiving the second dose increases. Older age and no history of previous infection were associated with lower seropositivity and antibody values. These findings may be useful for sentinel antibody surveillance and the design of booster dose strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Urrunaga-Pastor
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Percy Soto-Becerra
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru; Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru
| | | | - Lizette Fernandez-Bolivar
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Servicio de Inmunología y Bioquímica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Sergio Alvizuri-Pastor
- Unidad de Inmunología Especializada, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Martin Oyanguren-Miranda
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Ibeth Neyra-Vera
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Servicio de Inmunología y Bioquímica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Elizabeth Carrillo-Ramos
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Arturo Sagástegui
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Roxana Contreras-Macazana
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Servicio de Bioquímica e Inmunoquímica, Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Diana Lecca-Rengifo
- Subgerencia de Proyectos Especiales, Gerencia de Oferta Flexible, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Nikolai Grande-Castro
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Unidad de Inmuno-diagnóstico, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Moises Apolaya-Segura
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge L Maguina
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru.
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High antibody levels and reduced cellular response in children up to one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7315. [PMID: 36437276 PMCID: PMC9701757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 course and immunity differ in children and adults. We analyzed immune response dynamics in 28 families up to 12 months after mild or asymptomatic infection. Unlike adults, the initial response is plasmablast-driven in children. Four months after infection, children show an enhanced specific antibody response and lower but detectable spike 1 protein (S1)-specific B and T cell responses than their parents. While specific antibodies decline, neutralizing antibody activity and breadth increase in both groups. The frequencies of S1-specific B and T cell responses remain stable. However, in children, one year after infection, an increase in the S1-specific IgA class switch and the expression of CD27 on S1-specific B cells and T cell maturation are observed. These results, together with the enhanced neutralizing potential and breadth of the specific antibodies, suggest a progressive maturation of the S1-specific immune response. Hence, the immune response in children persists over 12 months but dynamically changes in quality, with progressive neutralizing, breadth, and memory maturation. This implies a benefit for booster vaccination in children to consolidate memory formation.
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175
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Liu H, Varvel S, Chen G, McConnell J, Caffrey R, Galdzicka M, Shabahang S. Simultaneous measurement of multiple variant-specific SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with a multiplexed flow cytometric assay. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039163. [PMID: 36505453 PMCID: PMC9732243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) have been recognized as surrogates of protection against SARS-CoV-2; however, the emergence of variants/subvariants escaping neutralization suggests that laboratory assessments of NAbs against the ancestral/wild type (WT) antigens likely overestimate the degree of protection. Methods A novel flow cytometry-based multiplex test system was developed for the simultaneous detection of NAbs of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Abs) including IgG, IgM, IgA isotypes were measured in the same system. Samples from negative, convalesced, vaccinated, boosted, and breakthrough infection (BTI) populations were tested for both NAbs and Abs. Results NAbs induced by WT showed neutralization activity that correlated strongly to all variants (R2 > 0.85) except omicron BA.1/BA.2 (R2 <0.50). Two doses of vaccine elicited very little protective immunity against BA.1/BA.2, though a booster dose significantly improved NAbs for all variants. NAbs/Abs increased more following BTI than after a booster, suggesting that hybrid immunity (vaccination + natural immunity) was more robust to all variants including BA.1/BA.2. BTIs occurring in the omicron era led to stronger NAb responses against BA.1/BA.2 than did older BTIs. In all comparisons, the RBD antigens demonstrated greater differences between WT and BA.1/BA.2 than the spike antigens. Discussion Taken together, we demonstrated that both Ab and NAb against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants/subvariants can be reliably detected on the same multiplex platform. Distinguishing NAbs to the appropriate antigenic target of prevalent variants offers the best correlate of protection and aids individual decisions about the appropriateness and cadence of vaccine boosters and other exposure mitigation strategies.
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176
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Dong T, Han C, Jiang M, Zhang T, Kang Q, Wang P, Zhou F. A Four-Channel Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Functionalized Online for Simultaneous Detections of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody, Free Viral Particles, and Neutralized Viral Particles. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3560-3570. [PMID: 36382569 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Current tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detect either the constituent nucleic acids/proteins of the viral particles or antibodies specific to the virus, but cannot provide information about viral neutralization by an antibody and the efficacy of an antibody. Such information is important about individuals' vulnerability to severe symptoms or their likelihood of showing no symptoms. We immobilized online SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1) protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) into separate surface plasmon resonance (SPR) channels of a tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (tris-NTA) chip to simultaneously detect the anti-S1 antibody and viral particles in serum samples. In addition, with a high-molecular-weight-cutoff filter, we separated the neutralized viral particles from the free antibody molecules and used a sensing channel immobilized with Protein G to determine antibody-neutralized viral particles. The optimal density of probe molecules in each fluidic channel can be precisely controlled through the closure and opening of the specific ports. By utilizing the high surface density of ACE2, multiple assays can be carried out without regenerations. These three species can be determined with a short analysis time (<12 min per assay) and excellent sensor-to-sensor/cycle-to-cycle reproducibility (RSD < 5%). When coupled with an autosampler, continuous assays can be performed in an unattended manner at a single chip for up to 6 days. Such a sensor capable of assaying serum samples containing the three species at different levels provides additional insights into the disease status and immunity of persons being tested, which should be helpful for containing the SARS-CoV-2 spread during the era of incessant viral mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Dong
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| | - Chaowei Han
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| | - Meng Jiang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- University Hospital, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| | - Qing Kang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| | - Feimeng Zhou
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
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Zhou S, Kaul R, Lynch KL, Wu AH, Walker RP. Transient expression of antinuclear RNP-A antibodies in patients with acute COVID-19 infection. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 5:100175. [PMCID: PMC9686057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Viral infections have been implicated in the initiation of the autoimmune diseases. Recent reports suggest that a proportion of patients with COVID-19 develop severe disease with multiple organ injuries. We evaluated the relationship between COVID-19 severity, prevalence and persistence of antinuclear and other systemic and organ specific autoantibodies as well as SARS-CoV2 infection specific anti-nucleocapsid (N) IgG antibodies and protective neutralizing antibody (Nab) levels. Methods Samples from 119 COVID-19 patients categorized based on their level of care and 284 healthy subjects were tested for the presence and persistence of antinuclear and other systemic and organ specific autoantibodies as well as SARS-CoV2 and neutralizing antibody levels. Results The data shows significantly increased levels of anti RNP-A, anti-nucleocapsid and neutralizing antibody among patients receiving ICU care compared to non-ICU care. Furthermore, subjects receiving ICU care demonstrated significantly higher nucleocapsid IgG levels among the RNP-A positive cohort compared to RNP-A negative cohort. Notably, the expression of anti RNP-A antibodies is transient that reverts to non-reactive status between 20 and 60 days post symptom onset. Conclusions COVID-19 patients in ICU care exhibit significantly higher levels of transient RNP-A autoantibodies, anti-nucleocapsid, and SARS-CoV2 neutralizing antibodies compared to patients in non-ICU care.
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Key Words
- sars-cov-2
- covid-19
- antinuclear antibody
- rnp-a
- neutralizing antibody
- nucleocapsid protein
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ana, antinuclear antibody
- svnt, surrogate viral neutralization test
- nab, neutralizing antibody
- rnp-a, ribonucleoprotein a
- mctd, mixed connective tissue disease
- icu, intensive care unit
- pso, post symptom onset
- n, sars-cov-2 nucleocapsid protein
- ifa, immunofluorescence assay
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Zhou
- Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA,Corresponding author. 5500 East Second Street, Benicia, CA, 94510, USA
| | - Ravi Kaul
- Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA
| | - Kara L. Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Alan H.B. Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Heinzl MW, Kolenchery L, Resl M, Klammer C, Black A, Obendorf F, Schinagl L, Feldbauer R, Pohlhammer J, Wagner T, Berger T, Dieplinger B, Clodi M. High Anti-CoV2S Antibody Levels at Hospitalization Are Associated with Improved Survival in Patients with COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15581. [PMID: 36497655 PMCID: PMC9740194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vaccination against COVID-19 is highly effective, breakthrough infections occur, often leading to severe courses and death. The extent of protection provided by individual antibody levels in breakthrough infections is still unknown and cut-off levels have yet to be determined. METHODS In 80 consecutive fully vaccinated patients hospitalized between August and December 2021 with COVID-19 breakthrough infection (Delta variant), anti-CoV2S antibody levels were analyzed for the endpoint of death. RESULTS Ten out of the 12 patients who died (83.3%) had antibody levels < 600 U/mL; 5 (41.7%) of these had antibody levels < 200 U/mL. Only 2 patients with a level of >600 U/mL died from vaccine breakthrough infection. Correction for the number of comorbidities and age revealed that anti-CoV2S antibody levels at the time of hospitalization were a significant predictor for reduced risk of death (OR = 0.402 for every 1000 U/mL, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective data analysis, we show that almost all patients who died from COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infection had antibody levels < 600 U/mL, most of them below 200 U/mL. In logistic regression corrected for the number of comorbidities and age, anti-CoV2S antibody levels at the time of hospitalization proved to be a significantly protective predictor against death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wolfgang Heinzl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
- ICMR—Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Lisa Kolenchery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
- ICMR—Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Michael Resl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
- ICMR—Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Carmen Klammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
- ICMR—Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Anne Black
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Florian Obendorf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Lukas Schinagl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
- ICMR—Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Roland Feldbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Pohlhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Dieplinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Clodi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
- ICMR—Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
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179
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Durable CD8 T Cell Memory against SARS-CoV-2 by Prime/Boost and Multi-Dose Vaccination: Considerations on Inter-Dose Time Intervals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214367. [PMID: 36430845 PMCID: PMC9698736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Facing the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were developed at unprecedented pace, productively exploiting contemporary fundamental research and prior art. Large-scale use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has greatly limited severe morbidity and mortality. Protection has been correlated with high serum titres of neutralizing antibodies capable of blocking the interaction between the viral surface protein spike and the host SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE-2. Yet, vaccine-induced protection subsides over time, and breakthrough infections are commonly observed, mostly reflecting the decay of neutralizing antibodies and the emergence of variant viruses with mutant spike proteins. Memory CD8 T cells are a potent weapon against viruses, as they are against tumour cells. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory CD8 T cells are induced by either natural infection or vaccination and can be potentially exploited against spike-mutated viruses. We offer here an overview of current research about the induction of anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory CD8 T cells by vaccination, in the context of prior knowledge on vaccines and on fundamental mechanisms of immunological memory. We focus particularly on how vaccination by two doses (prime/boost) or more (boosters) promotes differentiation of memory CD8 T cells, and on how the time-length of inter-dose intervals may influence the magnitude and persistence of CD8 T cell memory.
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180
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Severe COVID-19 in pregnancy has a distinct serum profile, including greater complement activation and dysregulation of serum lipids. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276766. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Pregnancies complicated by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at an increased risk of severe morbidity due to physiologic changes in immunologic, cardiovascular, and respiratory function. There is little is known about how severity of COVID-19 changes protein and metabolite expression in pregnancy.
Objective
This study aims to investigate the pathophysiology behind various clinical trajectories in pregnant patients diagnosed with COVID-19 using multi-omics profiling.
Study design
This is a prospective cohort study of 30 pregnant patients at a single tertiary care center. Participants were categorized by severity of COVID-19 disease (control, asymptomatic, mild/moderate, or severe). Maternal serum samples underwent LC-MS-based multiomics analysis for profiling of proteins, lipids, electrolytes, and metabolites. Linear regression models were used to assess how disease severity related to analyte levels. Reactome pathway enrichment analysis was conducted on differential analytes.
Results
Of 30 participants, 25 had confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (6 asymptomatic (one post-infection), 13 mild/moderate (all post-infection), 6 severe), and 5 participants were controls. Severe COVID-19 was associated with distinct profiles demonstrating significant proteomic and lipidomic signatures which were enriched for annotations related to complement and antibody activity. (FDR < 0.05). Downregulated analytes were not significantly enriched but consisted of annotation terms related to lipoprotein activity (FDR > 0.2). Post-infection mild/moderate COVID-19 did not have significantly altered serum protein, metabolite, or lipid metabolite levels compared to controls.
Conclusions
Pregnancies with severe COVID-19 demonstrate greater inflammation and complement activation and dysregulation of serum lipids. This altered multiomic expression provides insight into the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 in pregnancy and may serve as potential indicators for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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181
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Herman JD, Wang C, Burke JS, Zur Y, Compere H, Kang J, Macvicar R, Taylor S, Shin S, Frank I, Siegel D, Tebas P, Choi GH, Shaw PA, Yoon H, Pirofski LA, Julg BD, Bar KJ, Lauffenburger D, Alter G. Nucleocapsid-specific antibody function is associated with therapeutic benefits from COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100811. [PMID: 36351430 PMCID: PMC9595358 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP), a passive polyclonal antibody therapeutic agent, has had mixed clinical results. Although antibody neutralization is the predominant approach to benchmarking CCP efficacy, CCP may also influence the evolution of the endogenous antibody response. Using systems serology to comprehensively profile severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) functional antibodies of hospitalized people with COVID-19 enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of CCP (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04397757), we find that the clinical benefits of CCP are associated with a shift toward reduced inflammatory Spike (S) responses and enhanced nucleocapsid (N) humoral responses. We find that CCP has the greatest clinical benefit in participants with low pre-existing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody function and that CCP-induced immunomodulatory Fc glycan profiles and N immunodominant profiles persist for at least 2 months. We highlight a potential mechanism of action of CCP associated with durable immunomodulation, outline optimal patient characteristics for CCP treatment, and provide guidance for development of a different class of COVID-19 hyperinflammation-targeting antibody therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Herman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Yonatan Zur
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jaewon Kang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Macvicar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sabian Taylor
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sally Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ian Frank
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Don Siegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grace H Choi
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pamela A Shaw
- Biostatistics Unit, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hyunah Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Boris D Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katharine J Bar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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182
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Halliday A, Long AE, Baum HE, Thomas AC, Shelley KL, Oliver E, Gupta K, Francis O, Williamson MK, Di Bartolo N, Randell MJ, Ben-Khoud Y, Kelland I, Mortimer G, Ball O, Plumptre C, Chandler K, Obst U, Secchi M, Piemonti L, Lampasona V, Smith J, Gregorova M, Knezevic L, Metz J, Barr R, Morales-Aza B, Oliver J, Collingwood L, Hitchings B, Ring S, Wooldridge L, Rivino L, Timpson N, McKernon J, Muir P, Hamilton F, Arnold D, Woolfson DN, Goenka A, Davidson AD, Toye AM, Berger I, Bailey M, Gillespie KM, Williams AJK, Finn A. Development and evaluation of low-volume tests to detect and characterize antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968317. [PMID: 36439154 PMCID: PMC9682908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-volume antibody assays can be used to track SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in settings where active testing for virus is limited and remote sampling is optimal. We developed 12 ELISAs detecting total or antibody isotypes to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid, spike protein or its receptor binding domain (RBD), 3 anti-RBD isotype specific luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assays and a novel Spike-RBD bridging LIPS total-antibody assay. We utilized pre-pandemic (n=984) and confirmed/suspected recent COVID-19 sera taken pre-vaccination rollout in 2020 (n=269). Assays measuring total antibody discriminated best between pre-pandemic and COVID-19 sera and were selected for diagnostic evaluation. In the blind evaluation, two of these assays (Spike Pan ELISA and Spike-RBD Bridging LIPS assay) demonstrated >97% specificity and >92% sensitivity for samples from COVID-19 patients taken >21 days post symptom onset or PCR test. These assays offered better sensitivity for the detection of COVID-19 cases than a commercial assay which requires 100-fold larger serum volumes. This study demonstrates that low-volume in-house antibody assays can provide good diagnostic performance, and highlights the importance of using well-characterized samples and controls for all stages of assay development and evaluation. These cost-effective assays may be particularly useful for seroprevalence studies in low and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Halliday
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anna E. Long
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Holly E. Baum
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amy C. Thomas
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn L. Shelley
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kapil Gupta
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ore Francis
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Natalie Di Bartolo
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Randell
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yassin Ben-Khoud
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ilana Kelland
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Mortimer
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Ball
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Plumptre
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kyla Chandler
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Obst
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano Secchi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Lampasona
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Joyce Smith
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Gregorova
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lea Knezevic
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Metz
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Barr
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Begonia Morales-Aza
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Oliver
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Collingwood
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Hitchings
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Ring
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Wooldridge
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Timpson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jorgen McKernon
- National Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Muir
- National Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus Hamilton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Arnold
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Derek N. Woolfson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol BioDesign Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anu Goenka
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley M. Toye
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol BioDesign Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Institute of Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant Filton, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Imre Berger
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol BioDesign Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mick Bailey
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen M. Gillespie
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J. K. Williams
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Finn
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Effect of Previous COVID-19 Vaccination on Humoral Immunity 3 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection and Booster Effect of a Fourth COVID-19 Vaccination 2 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112458. [PMID: 36366556 PMCID: PMC9695529 DOI: 10.3390/v14112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on 3-month immune response and durability after natural infection by the Omicron variant and to assess the immune response to a fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with prior natural infection with the Omicron variant. Overall, 86 patients aged ≥60 years with different vaccination histories and 39 health care workers (HCWs) vaccinated thrice before Omicron infection were enrolled. The sVNT50 titer was significantly lower in patients with incomplete vaccination before SARS-CoV-2 infection with the S clade (p < 0.001), Delta variant (p < 0.001), or Omicron variant (p = 0.003) than in those vaccinated thrice. The sVNT results against the Omicron variant did not differ significantly in patients aged ≥60 years (p = 0.49) and HCWs (p = 0.17), regardless of the recipient receiving the fourth dose 2 months after COVID-19. Incomplete COVID-19 vaccination before Omicron infection for individuals aged ≥60 years conferred limited protection against homologous and heterologous virus strains, whereas two or three doses of the vaccine provided cross-variant humoral immunity against Omicron infection for at least 3 months. However, a fourth dose 2 months after Omicron infection did not enhance immunity against the homologous strain. A future strategy using the bivalent Omicron-containing booster vaccine with appropriate timing will be crucial.
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184
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She J, Hou D, Chen C, Bi J, Song Y. Challenges of vaccination and herd immunity in COVID-19 and management strategies. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2022; 16:708-716. [PMID: 36172975 PMCID: PMC9539035 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the highly contagious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide with millions of cases and more than 5 million deaths to date. SARS-CoV-2 has caused serious damage all over the world with many countries experiencing the third or the fourth wave of the viral disease outbreaks, mainly due to the emergence of mutant variants. Those who unvaccinated remain most vulnerable to COVID-19 and its variants. COVID-19 vaccination, along with prevention strategies, is a critical measure to defense against the disease. COVID-19 vaccination can reduce the spread of virus and help protect susceptible population. Although herd immunity might not be realized solely by vaccination, COVID-19 vaccines have been proved to be effective in reducing the risk of severe disease, hospitalization, and even death. It is recommended that people get vaccinated as soon as they are eligible. This review summarizes the recent SARS-CoV-2 variants that brought challenges for vaccination and herd immunity and discusses promising management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun She
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dongni Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Bi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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185
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Yin J, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang C, Zhang X. Immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 124:212-223. [PMID: 36241168 PMCID: PMC9553964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Available data show that COVID-19 vaccines may be less effective in people living with HIV (PLWH) who are at increased risk for severe COVID-19. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH with healthy individuals. Methods Pubmed/Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Risk ratios of seroconversion were separately pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, and a systematic review without meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer levels was performed after the first and second doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. Results A total of 22 studies with 6522 subjects met the inclusion criteria. After the first vaccine dose, seroconversion in PLWH was comparable to that in healthy individuals. After a second dose, seroconversion was slightly lower in PLWH compared with healthy controls, and antibody titers did not seem to be significantly affected or reduced among participants of both groups. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccines show favorable immunogenicity and efficacy in PLWH. A second dose is associated with consistently improved seroconversion, although it is slightly lower in PLWH than in healthy individuals. Additional strategies, such as a booster vaccination with messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccines, might improve seroprotection for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Institute of Evidence-based Medicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China,Corresponding authors
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China,Corresponding authors
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186
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Kenny G, Negi R, O'Reilly S, Garcia-Leon A, Alalwan D, Gaillard CM, Saini G, Inzitari R, Feeney ER, Yousif O, Cotter AG, de Barra E, Sadlier C, Crispie F, Doran P, Gautier V, Mallon PW. Performance and validation of an adaptable multiplex assay for detection of serologic response to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. J Immunol Methods 2022; 510:113345. [PMID: 36055441 PMCID: PMC9425705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of quantitative antibody responses are increasingly important in evaluating the immune response to infection and vaccination. In this study we describe the validation of a quantitative, multiplex serologic assay utilising an electrochemiluminescence platform, which measures IgG against the receptor binding domain (RBD), spike S1 and S2 subunits and nucleocapsid antigens of SARS-CoV-2. The assay displayed a sensitivity ranging from 73 to 91% and specificity from 90 to 96% in detecting previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 depending on antigenic target and time since infection, and this assay highly correlated with commercially available assays. The within-plate coefficient of variation ranged from 3.8-3.9% and the inter-plate coefficient of variation from 11 to 13% for each antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kenny
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland,Corresponding author at: Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Riya Negi
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sophie O'Reilly
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Leon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dana Alalwan
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Colette Marie Gaillard
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gurvin Saini
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rosana Inzitari
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoin R. Feeney
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Obada Yousif
- Endocrinology Department, Wexford General Hospital, Carricklawn, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Aoife G Cotter
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Eoghan de Barra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin 9, Ireland,Department of International Health and Tropical Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Corinna Sadlier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Crispie
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Peter Doran
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Virginie Gautier
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick W.G. Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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187
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Olmstead AD, Nikiforuk AM, Schwartz S, Márquez AC, Valadbeigy T, Flores E, Saran M, Goldfarb DM, Hayden A, Masud S, Russell SL, Prystajecky N, Jassem AN, Morshed M, Sekirov I. Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Responses in Recovered Individuals Following COVID-19 Infection and Single-Dose Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112416. [PMID: 36366515 PMCID: PMC9694471 DOI: 10.3390/v14112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating antibody titers in individuals who have been both naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinated can provide insight into antibody dynamics and correlates of protection over time. METHODS Human coronavirus (HCoV) IgG antibodies were measured longitudinally in a prospective cohort of qPCR-confirmed, COVID-19 recovered individuals (k = 57) in British Columbia pre- and post-vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 and endemic HCoV antibodies were measured in serum collected between Nov. 2020 and Sept. 2021 (n = 341). Primary analysis used a linear mixed-effects model to understand the effect of single dose vaccination on antibody concentrations adjusting for biological sex, age, time from infection and vaccination. Secondary analysis investigated the cumulative incidence of high SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG seroreactivity equal to or greater than 5.5 log10 AU/mL up to 105 days post-vaccination. No re-infections were detected in vaccinated participants, post-vaccination by qPCR performed on self-collected nasopharyngeal specimens. RESULTS Bivariate analysis (complete data for 42 participants, 270 samples over 472 days) found SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD antibodies increased 14-56 days post-vaccination (p < 0.001) and vaccination prevented waning (regression coefficient, B = 1.66 [95%CI: 1.45-3.46]); while decline of nucleocapsid antibodies over time was observed (regression coefficient, B = -0.24 [95%CI: -1.2-(-0.12)]). A positive association was found between COVID-19 vaccination and endemic human β-coronavirus IgG titer 14-56 days post vaccination (OC43, p = 0.02 & HKU1, p = 0.02). On average, SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG concentration increased in participants who received one vaccine dose by 2.06 log10 AU/mL (95%CI: 1.45-3.46) adjusting for age, biological sex, and time since infection. Cumulative incidence of high SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (>5.5 log10 AU/mL) was 83% greater in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that vaccination post-SARS-CoV-2 infection provides multiple benefits, such as increasing anti-spike IgG titers and preventing decay up to 85 days post-vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D. Olmstead
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Aidan M. Nikiforuk
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sydney Schwartz
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Ana Citlali Márquez
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Tahereh Valadbeigy
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Eri Flores
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Monika Saran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - David M. Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Children’s and Women’s Hospital, 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Althea Hayden
- Office of the Chief Medical Health Officer, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4C2, Canada
| | - Shazia Masud
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC V3V 1Z2, Canada
| | - Shannon L. Russell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Natalie Prystajecky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Agatha N. Jassem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Muhammad Morshed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Inna Sekirov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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188
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A retrospective cross-sectional observational study of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in La Ribera Health Department, Valencia, Spain. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The possibility of reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a widely proven fact and may have clinical implications.
Hypothesis /Gap Statement. It is not known whether there have been cases of reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 in La Ribera Health Department.
Aim. To determine whether there have been cases of reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 in La Ribera Health Department and to identify their characteristics.
Methodology. Retrospective cross-sectional observational study of cases of reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 in the population of La Ribera Department between March 2020 and February 2021. The positive baseline cohort includes all cases positive by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, with reinfection cases being those that, after resolution of the first episode according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, presented a new positive RT-PCR result.
Results. Out of a total of 15 687 cases with positive RT-PCR, 40 were considered to be reinfections, which meant a cumulative incidence of 0.255 % and an incidence density of 5.05 cases per 100 000 person-days. Most of the cases occurred during the highest incidence peaks of the pandemic in the department. Seventy-five per cent of the patients in these cases were older than 40 years, 42.5 % were healthcare professionals or nursing home residents and 12.5 % had an immunosuppressive comorbidity. There were no severe, critical or death cases. In the reinfection episodes, with respect to the first episode, there was a tendency to be milder, they required fewer days of hospitalization, their RT-PCR became negative earlier, they developed a greater humoral response and the sick leave period was shorter. The median period between the RT-PCR in the first episode and the RT-PCR in the second episode was 127.5 days (range: 48–301; IQR: 89.5–256.25)
Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases are rare, tend to be mild and can occur within a median period of 127.5 days.
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Cruz-Cardenas JA, Gutierrez M, López-Arredondo A, Castañeda-Delgado JE, Rojas-Martinez A, Nakamura Y, Enciso-Moreno JA, Palomares LA, Brunck MEG. A pseudovirus-based platform to measure neutralizing antibodies in Mexico using SARS-CoV-2 as proof-of-concept. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17966. [PMID: 36289285 PMCID: PMC9606276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gold-standard method to evaluate a functional antiviral immune response is to titer neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against a viral pathogen. This is historically performed using an in vitro assay of virus-mediated infection, which requires BSL-3 facilities. As these are insufficient in Latin American countries, including Mexico, scant information is obtained locally about viral pathogens NAb, using a functional assay. An alternative solution to using a BSL-3 assay with live virus is to use a BSL-2-safe assay with a non-replicative pseudovirus. Pseudoviral particles can be engineered to display a selected pathogen's entry protein on their surface, and to deliver a reporter gene into target cells upon transduction. Here we comprehensively describe the first development of a BSL-2 safe NAbs-measuring functional assay in Mexico, based on the production of pseudotyped lentiviral particles. As proof-of-concept, the assay is based on Nanoluc luciferase-mediated luminescence measurements from target cells transduced with SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped lentiviral particles. We applied the optimized assay in a BSL-2 facility to measure NAbs in 65 serum samples, which evidenced the assay with 100% sensitivity, 86.6% specificity and 96% accuracy. Overall, this is the first report of a BSL-2 safe pseudovirus-based functional assay developed in Mexico to measure NAbs, and a cornerstone methodology necessary to measure NAbs with a functional assay in limited resources settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Cruz-Cardenas
- grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, México
| | - Michelle Gutierrez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 2001. Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos México
| | - Alejandra López-Arredondo
- grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, México
| | | | - Augusto Rojas-Martinez
- grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, México
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- grid.509462.cCell Engineering Division, RIKEN Bioresource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - José Antonio Enciso-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas-IMSS, Zacatecas, México ,grid.412861.80000 0001 2207 2097Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Laura A. Palomares
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 2001. Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos México
| | - Marion E. G. Brunck
- grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, México
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190
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Bates TA, Lu P, Kang YJ, Schoen D, Thornton M, McBride SK, Park C, Kim D, Messer WB, Curlin ME, Tafesse FG, Lu LL. BNT162b2-induced neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody functions against SARS-CoV-2 diminish with age. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111544. [PMID: 36252569 PMCID: PMC9533669 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Each severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant renews concerns about decreased vaccine neutralization weakening efficacy. However, while prevention of infection varies, protection from disease remains and implicates immunity beyond neutralization in vaccine efficacy. Polyclonal antibodies function through Fab domains that neutralize virus and Fc domains that induce non-neutralizing responses via engagement of Fc receptors on immune cells. To understand how vaccines promote protection, we leverage sera from 51 SARS-CoV-2 uninfected individuals after two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. We show that neutralizing activities against clinical isolates of wild-type and five SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BA.2, link to FcγRIIIa/CD16 non-neutralizing effector functions. This is associated with post-translational afucosylation and sialylation of vaccine-specific antibodies. Further, polyfunctional neutralizing and non-neutralizing breadth, magnitude, and coordination diminish with age. Thus, studying Fc functions in addition to Fab-mediated neutralization provides greater insight into vaccine efficacy for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, against SARS-CoV-2 and novel variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Pei Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ye Jin Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Devin Schoen
- Department of Occupational Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Micah Thornton
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Savannah K McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Chanhee Park
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marcel E Curlin
- Department of Occupational Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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191
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Gouvea MDPG, Moulaz IR, Gouveia TM, Lança KEM, Lacerda BSDP, Thompson BP, Polese J, de Lima MD, Ribeiro-Rodrigues R, Mill JG, Valim V. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody immunoreactivity profiles during COVID-19 recurrence. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e01062022. [PMID: 36287469 PMCID: PMC9592100 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0106-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate IgG and IgM levels in COVID-19 recurrence. METHODS The serum antibody levels and clinical data from 73 healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 divided into seroconverted (n=51) and non-seroconverted (n=22) groups were assessed. The presence of specific anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) IgM and IgG for SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated. IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain were used to confirm non-seroconversion in all negative anti-N. RESULTS Four recurrent cases displayed mild symptoms and were non-seroconverted until the recurrence of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Undetectable anti-nucleocapsid IgM and IgG levels may be correlated with symptomatic COVID-19 recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isac Ribeiro Moulaz
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Thayná Martins Gouveia
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | | | | | - Beatriz Paoli Thompson
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Polese
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Pneumologia, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Marina Deorce de Lima
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Departamento de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Laboratório de Saúde Pública do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil., Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Valéria Valim
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antonio Moraes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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192
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Davis SK, Selva KJ, Lopez E, Haycroft ER, Lee WS, Wheatley AK, Juno JA, Adair A, Pymm P, Redmond SJ, Gherardin NA, Godfrey DI, Tham W, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 IgA neutralising antibody responses in convalescent plasma. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1424. [PMID: 36299410 PMCID: PMC9588388 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Following infection with SARS-CoV-2, virus-specific antibodies are generated, which can both neutralise virions and clear infection via Fc effector functions. The importance of IgG antibodies for protection and control of SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively reported. By comparison, other antibody isotypes including IgA have been poorly characterised. METHODS Here, we characterised plasma IgA from 41 early convalescent COVID-19 subjects for neutralisation and Fc effector functions. RESULTS Convalescent plasma IgA from > 60% of the cohort had the capacity to inhibit the interaction between wild-type RBD and ACE2. Furthermore, a third of the cohort induced stronger IgA-mediated ACE2 inhibition than matched IgG when tested at equivalent concentrations. Plasma IgA and IgG from this cohort broadly recognised similar RBD epitopes and had similar capacities to inhibit ACE2 from binding to 22 of the 23 prevalent RBD mutations assessed. However, plasma IgA was largely incapable of mediating antibody-dependent phagocytosis in comparison with plasma IgG. CONCLUSION Overall, convalescent plasma IgA contributed to the neutralising antibody response of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 RBD and various RBD mutations. However, this response displayed large heterogeneity and was less potent than IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Davis
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Kevin John Selva
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Ebene R Haycroft
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Amy Adair
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Phillip Pymm
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Samuel J Redmond
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Wai‐Hong Tham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious DiseasesAlfred Hospital and Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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Qi ZH, Bei ZF, Teng S, Wang HP, Li W, Zhao SY, Liu SR. [Clinical features of 19 children infected with the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Hangzhou, China]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:1092-1097. [PMID: 36305108 PMCID: PMC9627995 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2205122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the clinical features of children infected with the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS The medical data of 19 children who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection from January 28 to March 3, 2022 in Hangzhou were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Among the 19 children, there were 7 boys (37%) and 12 girls (63%), and their age ranged from 6 months to 16 years, with a median age of 2 years and 1 month. Most of these children were infants and young children (aged ≤3 years, accounting for 53%). Among these children, 11 (58%) were unvaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and 8 (42%) were vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and 3 children (16%) had a history of underlying diseases. All 19 children had a clear history of close contact with persons infected with SARS-CoV-2, and 10 children (53%) were involved in the cluster outbreak in a maternal and infant care center. In terms of clinical classification, 13 children (68%) had mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 6 (32%) had common COVID-19, with no severe cases of COVID-19. The most common clinical symptoms were cough (100%) and fever (63%). The children with a normal peripheral white blood cell count accounted for 84%, and those with a normal lymphocyte count accounted for 68%. There were no significant abnormalities in platelet count, procalcitonin, liver function parameters (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), and renal function parameters (creatinine and urea). Six children (32%) had obvious signs of pneumonia on chest CT. All 19 children were given symptomatic treatment, and 12 children (63%) were given aerosol inhalation of interferon α. All children were cured and discharged. CONCLUSIONS Children infected with Omicron variant strains are more common in infants and young children, with mild symptoms and good prognosis. Most of the children have a history of close contact with persons infected with SARS-CoV-2, and epidemic prevention and control should be strengthened in places with many infants and children, such as maternal and infant care centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hong Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | | | - Shu Teng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hua-Ping Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shi-Yong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Al Dossary R. Antibody Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Era of Rapid Vaccine Development. Med Arch 2022; 76:383-386. [PMID: 36545460 PMCID: PMC9760241 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2022.76.383-386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) is a unique immunopathological phenomenon in which pre-existing immunity to a viral agent accentuate disease severity upon secondary exposure. Multiple viruses have been shown to demsotrate ADE with no clear understanding of the underlying mechansims. Recently, with the emeregence of Sever acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV2) and the need for rapid vaccine prodcution, ADE have emerged as an important issue that need to be assessed. Objective The aim of this study was to review ADE, proposed mechanisms and impact of ADE in the era of rapid SARS-CoV2 vaccine production. Methods Review of existing published literature on ADE and SARS-CoV2 and identify facts that support or otherwise contradict the impact of ADE on SARS-CoV2 vaccination. Results SARS-CoV2 demonstrate high genetic homology to other members of the Coronaviridae viral family and animal studies and studies on SARS-CoV, another member of the Coronaviridae have been shown to induce ADE. In addition sever SARS-CoV2 infection have been associated with high antibody titer. Yet vaccine efficacy studies and studies on breakthrough infection showed reduced severity in individual with preexisting immunity. Conclusion Although evidence exist to support ADE in SARS-CoV2, multiple studies do not support its occurrence, indicating the need for more case control studies to understand the role of high antibody titer and disease severity and compare disease severity in patient with preexisting immunity vs naïve individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Al Dossary
- Department of Microbiology, Collage of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia 1
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195
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Franzese M, Coppola L, Silva R, Santini SA, Cinquanta L, Ottomano C, Salvatore M, Incoronato M. SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses before and after a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in Italian healthcare workers aged ≤60 years: One year of surveillance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947187. [PMID: 36248864 PMCID: PMC9566572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study monitored the anti-spike-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibodies induced by the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine in a cohort of 163 healthcare workers aged ≤60 years. We have taken advantage of two study groups, both of whom received the first two doses in the same time window, but Group 1 (54 HCWs) received the third dose 2 months before Group 2 (68 HCWs) did. The cohorts were monitored from the 12th day after the first vaccine dose up to 1 month after the third vaccine dose for a total of eight time points and about 1 year of surveillance (T1 = 12 days after the first dose; T2 = 10 days after the second dose; T3 = 1 month after the second dose; T4 = 3 months after the second dose; T5 = 4 months after the second dose; T6 = 5 months after the second dose; T7 = 7 months after the second dose; T8 = 1 month after the third dose for Group 1; T8* = 9 months after the second dose for Group 2; T9 = 1 month after the third dose for Group 2). The mean value of anti-spike antibodies decreased faster over time, but at T7, its decline was significantly slowed (T7 vs. T8*). After the third dose, the anti-spike titer rose about 34-fold (T7 vs. T8 and T8* vs. T9) and the booster improved the anti-spike titer by about three times compared with that of the second dose (T3 vs. T8 and T3 vs. T9), and no difference was noted between the two groups. The neutralizing titer was evaluated at T3, T7, T8, and T9. Anti-spike and neutralizing antibodies were found to be strongly correlated (r2 = 0.980; p < 0.001). At T3, 70% of the participants had a neutralizing antibody titer >91% of total anti-spike antibodies that increased to 90% after the third dose (T8 and T9). However, when the anti-spike titer reached its lowest value (T7), the neutralizing antibody levels decreased even further, representing only 44% of total anti-spike antibodies (p < 0.0001). Our findings show that the third vaccine dose improves the humoral response, but the wane of the anti-spike and neutralizing antibody titers over time is more marked in the neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Franzese
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Coppola
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Romina Silva
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Cinquanta
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Cosimo Ottomano
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Salvatore
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Incoronato
- Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN Spa, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mariarosaria Incoronato,
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196
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Frere JJ, Serafini RA, Pryce KD, Zazhytska M, Oishi K, Golynker I, Panis M, Zimering J, Horiuchi S, Hoagland DA, Møller R, Ruiz A, Kodra A, Overdevest JB, Canoll PD, Borczuk AC, Chandar V, Bram Y, Schwartz R, Lomvardas S, Zachariou V, tenOever BR. SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters and humans results in lasting and unique systemic perturbations after recovery. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabq3059. [PMID: 35857629 PMCID: PMC9210449 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can result in prolonged pathologies collectively referred to as post-acute sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. To better understand the mechanism underlying long COVID biology, we compared the short- and long-term systemic responses in the golden hamster after either SARS-CoV-2 or influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Results demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 exceeded IAV in its capacity to cause permanent injury to the lung and kidney and uniquely affected the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory epithelium (OE). Despite a lack of detectable infectious virus, the OB and OE demonstrated myeloid and T cell activation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and an interferon response that correlated with behavioral changes extending a month after viral clearance. These sustained transcriptional changes could also be corroborated from tissue isolated from individuals who recovered from COVID-19. These data highlight a molecular mechanism for persistent COVID-19 symptomology and provide a small animal model to explore future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Frere
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Randal A. Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Kerri D. Pryce
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Marianna Zazhytska
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Kohei Oishi
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Ilona Golynker
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Maryline Panis
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Jeffrey Zimering
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Shu Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | | | - Rasmus Møller
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Anne Ruiz
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Albana Kodra
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Jonathan B. Overdevest
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Peter D. Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Alain C. Borczuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Yaron Bram
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Robert Schwartz
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Stavros Lomvardas
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Benjamin R. tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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197
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IgA-Based Secretory Response in Tears of COVID-19 Patients: A Potential Biomarker of Pro-Inflammatory State in Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101098. [PMID: 36297155 PMCID: PMC9610380 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal immunity, including secretory IgA (sIgA), plays an important role in the early defence against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the local immune response in tears in relation to blood antibody reservoirs has not yet been conducted. A total of 179 symptomatic laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in this single-centre study. Conjunctival swabs were analysed by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. In parallel, tear samples collected by Schirmer test strips and plasma samples were analysed by ELISA to detect anti-S1 IgA levels. The concentrations of selected inflammatory cytokines in tears were determined by a magnetic bead assay. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 sIgA was present in the tears of 81 (45.25%) confirmed COVID-19 patients, and the tear IgA levels were correlated with the plasma IgA levels (Rs = +0.29, p = 0.0003). SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the conjunctival sac was identified in 18 COVID-19 patients (10%). Positive correlations between the tear IgA level and the concentrations of several cytokines TNF-α (Rs = +0.23, p = 0.002), IL-1β (Rs = +0.25, p < 0.001), IL-2 (Rs = +0.20, p = 0.007), IL-4 (Rs = +0.16, p = 0.04), IL-5 (Rs = +0.36, p < 0.001), IL-6 (Rs = +0.32, p < 0.001), IL-8 (Rs = +0.31, p < 0.001), VEGF (Rs = +0.25, p < 0.001) and GM-CSF (Rs = +0.27, p < 0.001) were also found. Quantitative tear film-based sIgA could potentially serve as a rapid and easily accessible biomarker of external mucosal immunity to SARS-CoV-2. The concentration of sIgA is directly related to individual host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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198
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Wang M, Chang W, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Pyroptotic cell death in SARS-CoV-2 infection: revealing its roles during the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5827-5848. [PMID: 36263178 PMCID: PMC9576507 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.77561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid dissemination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remains a global public health emergency. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 can induce aberrant and excessive immune responses, leading to cytokine storm syndrome, autoimmunity, lymphopenia, neutrophilia and dysfunction of monocytes and macrophages. Pyroptosis, a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death, acts as a host defense mechanism against infections. Pyroptosis deprives the replicative niche of SARS-CoV-2 by inducing the lysis of infected cells and exposing the virus to extracellular immune attack. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to hijack this cell death mode for its own survival, propagation and shedding. SARS-CoV-2-encoded viral products act to modulate various key components in the pyroptosis pathways, including inflammasomes, caspases and gasdermins. SARS-CoV-2-induced pyroptosis contriubtes to the development of COVID-19-associated immunopathologies through leakage of intracellular contents, disruption of immune system homeostasis or exacerbation of inflammation. Therefore, pyroptosis has emerged as an important mechanism involved in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. However, the entangled links between pyroptosis and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis lack systematic clarification. In this review, we briefly summarize the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-related immunopathologies. Moreover, we present an overview of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infection and pyroptosis and highlight recent research advances in the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the implication of the pyroptosis pathways in COVID-19 pathogenesis, which will provide informative inspirations and new directions for further investigation and clinical practice. Finally, we discuss the potential value of pyroptosis as a therapeutic target in COVID-19. An in-depth discussion of the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis will be conducive to the identification of potential therapeutic targets and the exploration of effective treatment measures aimed at conquering SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- ✉ Corresponding author: Man Wang, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China. Tel.: +86-532-82991791; E-mail address:
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199
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Terahara K, Sato T, Adachi Y, Tonouchi K, Onodera T, Moriyama S, Sun L, Takano T, Nishiyama A, Kawana-Tachikawa A, Matano T, Matsumura T, Shinkai M, Isogawa M, Takahashi Y. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + T cell longevity correlates with Th17-like phenotype. iScience 2022; 25:104959. [PMID: 35992306 PMCID: PMC9384329 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Determinants of memory T cell longevity following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain unknown. In addition, phenotypes associated with memory T cell longevity, antibody titers, and disease severity are incompletely understood. Here, we longitudinally analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody responses of a unique cohort with similar numbers of mild, moderate, and severe coronavirus disease 2019 cases. The half-lives of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were longer than those of antibody titers and showed no clear correlation with disease severity. When CD4+ T cells were divided into Th1-, Th2-, Th17-, and Tfh-like subsets, the Th17-like subset showed a longer half-life than other subsets, indicating that Th17-like cells are most closely correlated with T cell longevity. In contrast, Th2- and Tfh-like T cells were more closely correlated with antibody titers than other subsets. These results suggest that distinct CD4+ T cell subsets are associated with longevity and antibody responses. Th17-like CD4+ T cells showed a longer half-life than other CD4+ T cell subsets Anti-RBD-IgG titers were associated with Th2- and Tfh-like CD4 T cells CD45RA+CD8+ T cells were correlated with disease severity during the early phase
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Terahara
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital; Tokyo, 140-8522, Japan
| | - Yu Adachi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tonouchi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Taishi Onodera
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Saya Moriyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Lin Sun
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takano
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ayae Nishiyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ai Kawana-Tachikawa
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumura
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | - Masanori Isogawa
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Current Vaccines and Therapeutic Implications for COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091538. [PMID: 36146616 PMCID: PMC9504858 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two years, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused hundreds of millions of infections, resulting in an unprecedented pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the virus spreads through the population, ongoing mutations and adaptations are being discovered. There is now substantial clinical evidence that demonstrates the SARS-CoV-2 variants have stronger transmissibility and higher virulence compared to the wild-type strain of SARS-CoV-2. Hence, development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants to boost individual immunity has become essential. However, current treatment options are limited for COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this review, we describe current distribution, variation, biology, and clinical features of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants (including Alpha (B.1.1.7 Lineage) variant, Beta (B.1.351 Lineage) variant, Gamma (P.1 Lineage) variant, Delta (B.1.617.2 Lineage) variant, and Omicron (B.1.1.529 Lineage) variant and others. In addition, we review currently employed vaccines in clinical or preclinical phases as well as potential targeted therapies in an attempt to provide better preventive and treatment strategies for COVID-19 caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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