151
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Rajmohan R, Reddy PH. Amyloid-Beta and Phosphorylated Tau Accumulations Cause Abnormalities at Synapses of Alzheimer's disease Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:975-999. [PMID: 27567878 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau are hallmark lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the loss of synapses and dysfunctions of neurotransmission are more directly tied to disease severity. The role of these lesions in the pathoetiological progression of the disease remains contested. Biochemical, cellular, molecular, and pathological studies provided several lines of evidence and improved our understanding of how Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation may directly harm synapses and alter neurotransmission. In vitro evidence suggests that Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau have both direct and indirect cytotoxic effects that affect neurotransmission, axonal transport, signaling cascades, organelle function, and immune response in ways that lead to synaptic loss and dysfunctions in neurotransmitter release. Observations in preclinical models and autopsy studies support these findings, suggesting that while the pathoetiology of positive lesions remains elusive, their removal may reduce disease severity and progression. The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for further investigation of the role of tau in disease progression and its interactions with Aβ and neurotransmitters alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Rajmohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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152
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Kulawik A, Heise H, Zafiu C, Willbold D, Bannach O. Advancements of the
sFIDA
method for oligomer‐based diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:516-534. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kulawik
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS‐6: Structural Biochemistry) Forschungszentrum Jülich Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Henrike Heise
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS‐6: Structural Biochemistry) Forschungszentrum Jülich Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christian Zafiu
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS‐6: Structural Biochemistry) Forschungszentrum Jülich Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS‐6: Structural Biochemistry) Forschungszentrum Jülich Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Oliver Bannach
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS‐6: Structural Biochemistry) Forschungszentrum Jülich Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Germany
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153
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Peineau S, Rabiant K, Pierrefiche O, Potier B. Synaptic plasticity modulation by circulating peptides and metaplasticity: Involvement in Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:385-401. [PMID: 29425728 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is a cellular process involved in learning and memory whose alteration in its two main forms (Long Term Depression (LTD) and Long Term Potentiation (LTP)), is observed in most brain pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In humans, AD is associated at the cellular level with neuropathological lesions composed of extracellular deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein aggregates and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, cellular loss, neuroinflammation and a general brain homeostasis dysregulation. Thus, a dramatic synaptic environment perturbation is observed in AD patients, involving changes in brain neuropeptides, cytokines, growth factors or chemokines concentration and diffusion. Studies performed in animal models demonstrate that these circulating peptides strongly affect synaptic functions and in particular synaptic plasticity. Besides this neuromodulatory action of circulating peptides, other synaptic plasticity regulation mechanisms such as metaplasticity are altered in AD animal models. Here, we will review new insights into the study of synaptic plasticity regulatory/modulatory mechanisms which could influence the process of synaptic plasticity in the context of AD with a particular attention to the role of metaplasticity and peptide dependent neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Peineau
- GRAP UMR1247, INSERM, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Kevin Rabiant
- GRAP UMR1247, INSERM, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Pierrefiche
- GRAP UMR1247, INSERM, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
| | - Brigitte Potier
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS-ENS UMR9188, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
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154
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Malpas CB, Saling MM, Velakoulis D, Desmond P, Hicks RJ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, O’Brien TJ. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers are Differentially Related to Structural and Functional Changes in Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:417-427. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Malpas
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael M. Saling
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Patricia Desmond
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Hicks
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Terence J. O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, The Central Clinical School and The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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155
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Yang X, Yao C, Tian T, Li X, Yan H, Wu J, Li H, Pei L, Liu D, Tian Q, Zhu LQ, Lu Y. A novel mechanism of memory loss in Alzheimer's disease mice via the degeneration of entorhinal-CA1 synapses. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:199-210. [PMID: 27671476 PMCID: PMC5794875 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex (EC) is one of the most vulnerable brain regions that is attacked during the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report that the synaptic terminals of pyramidal neurons in the EC layer II (ECIIPN) directly innervate CA1 parvalbumin (PV) neurons (CA1PV) and are selectively degenerated in AD mice, which exhibit amyloid-β plaques similar to those observed in AD patients. A loss of ECIIPN-CA1PV synapses disables the excitatory and inhibitory balance in the CA1 circuit and impairs spatial learning and memory. Optogenetic activation of ECIIPN using a theta burst paradigm rescues ECIIPN-CA1PV synaptic defects and intercepts the decline in spatial learning and memory. These data reveal a novel mechanism of memory loss in AD mice via the selective degeneration of the ECIIPN-CA1PV pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - C Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - T Tian
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H Yan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - L Pei
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Neurobiology, Tongji School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - D Liu
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Genetics, Tongji School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Q Tian
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - L-Q Zhu
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. E-mail: or
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. E-mail: or
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156
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Oil Palm Phenolics Inhibit the In Vitro Aggregation of β-Amyloid Peptide into Oligomeric Complexes. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 2018:7608038. [PMID: 29666700 PMCID: PMC5831689 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7608038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) into toxic oligomers which activate microglia and astrocytes causing acute neuroinflammation. Multiple studies show that the soluble oligomers of Aβ42 are neurotoxic and proinflammatory, whereas the monomers and insoluble fibrils are relatively nontoxic. We show that Aβ42 aggregation is inhibited in vitro by oil palm phenolics (OPP), an aqueous extract from the oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis). The data shows that OPP inhibits stacking of β-pleated sheets, which is essential for oligomerization. We demonstrate the inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation by (1) mass spectrometry; (2) Congo Red dye binding; (3) 2D-IR spectroscopy; (4) dynamic light scattering; (5) transmission electron microscopy; and (6) transgenic yeast rescue assay. In the yeast rescue assay, OPP significantly reduces the cytotoxicity of aggregating neuropeptides in yeast genetically engineered to overexpress these peptides. The data shows that OPP inhibits (1) the aggregation of Aβ into oligomers; (2) stacking of β-pleated sheets; and (3) fibrillar growth and coalescence. These inhibitory effects prevent the formation of neurotoxic oligomers and hold potential as a means to reduce neuroinflammation and neuronal death and thereby may play some role in the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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157
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Novel targets in Alzheimer's disease: A special focus on microglia. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:402-413. [PMID: 29391235 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several years after the intriguing novelty in the β-amyloid (Aβ) cascade hypothesis, where the Aβ oligomers emerged as the most detrimental species in the neuropathogenic process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in place of fibrillar plaques, more recently innate immune system have come on stage as the other prominent factor. Neuroinflammation apparently contributes to AD eziopathogenesis, in large part through overactivation of microglia cells. Genetic and experimental studies strongly support the contribution of the immune system to increasing the risk of AD and participating in its progression. Besides the central immune response mediated by resident microglial cells, peripheral immune challenges may have profound negative effects on brain physiology as well, such as those originating from the gut microbiota. Despite the initial immune response to defend the organism, perpetuation seemingly turns into a chronic detrimental phenomenon that contributes to neuronal dysfunction and exacerbation of the disease. Several new immune-druggable targets are now under investigation, but much still remains to be defined about their precise role and whether and how their physiological activity changes in the injurious context of AD. From a therapeutic perspective, we can undoubtedly consider that AD is no longer solely an Aβ pathology, but rather a multifaceted disorder calling for multi-target therapies. New therapies fighting AD must still counteract Aβ but must also restore appropriate immune defences by tempering maladaptive factors and enabling beneficial responses.
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158
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Kosenko EA, Tikhonova LA, Montoliu C, Barreto GE, Aliev G, Kaminsky YG. Metabolic Abnormalities of Erythrocytes as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:728. [PMID: 29354027 PMCID: PMC5760569 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of uncertain etiology. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, accumulation of non-soluble amyloid β peptides (Aβ) in the Central Nervous System (CNS) is the primary cause initiating a pathogenic cascade leading to the complex multilayered pathology and clinical manifestation of the disease. It is, therefore, not surprising that the search for mechanisms underlying cognitive changes observed in AD has focused exclusively on the brain and Aβ-inducing synaptic and dendritic loss, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. However, since Aβ depositions were found in normal non-demented elderly people and in many other pathological conditions, the amyloid cascade hypothesis was modified to claim that intraneuronal accumulation of soluble Aβ oligomers, rather than monomer or insoluble amyloid fibrils, is the first step of a fatal cascade in AD. Since a characteristic reduction of cerebral perfusion and energy metabolism occurs in patients with AD it is suggested that capillary distortions commonly found in AD brain elicit hemodynamic changes that alter the delivery and transport of essential nutrients, particularly glucose and oxygen to neuronal and glial cells. Another important factor in tissue oxygenation is the ability of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) to transport and deliver oxygen to tissues, which are first of all dependent on the RBC antioxidant and energy metabolism, which finally regulates the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. In the present review, we consider the possibility that metabolic and antioxidant defense alterations in the circulating erythrocyte population can influence oxygen delivery to the brain, and that these changes might be a primary mechanism triggering the glucose metabolism disturbance resulting in neurobiological changes observed in the AD brain, possibly related to impaired cognitive function. We also discuss the possibility of using erythrocyte biochemical aberrations as potential tools that will help identify a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Kosenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Tikhonova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico, INCLIVA Instituto Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- GALLY International Biomedical Research Institute Inc., San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yury G Kaminsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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159
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Marsh J, Alifragis P. Synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: the effects of amyloid beta on synaptic vesicle dynamics as a novel target for therapeutic intervention. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:616-623. [PMID: 29722304 PMCID: PMC5950662 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.230276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly is Alzheimer's disease. A significant contributing factor to the progression of the disease appears to be the progressive accumulation of amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), a small hydrophobic peptide. Unfortunately, attempts to develop therapies targeting the accumulation of Aβ42 have not been successful to treat or even slow down the disease. It is possible that this failure is an indication that targeting downstream effects rather than the accumulation of the peptide itself might be a more effective approach. The accumulation of Aβ42 seems to affect various aspects of physiological cell functions. In this review, we provide an overview of the evidence that implicates Aβ42 in synaptic dysfunction, with a focus on how it contributes to defects in synaptic vesicle dynamics and neurotransmitter release. We discuss data that provide new insights on the Aβ42 induced pathology of Alzheimer's disease and a more detailed understanding of its contribution to the synaptic deficiencies that are associated with the early stages of the disease. Although the precise mechanisms that trigger synaptic dysfunction are still under investigation, the available data so far has enabled us to put forward a model that could be used as a guide to generate new therapeutic targets for pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Marsh
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Pavlos Alifragis
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
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160
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Smith LA, McMahon LL. Deficits in synaptic function occur at medial perforant path-dentate granule cell synapses prior to Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses in the novel TgF344-Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 110:166-179. [PMID: 29199135 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology begins decades prior to onset of clinical symptoms, and the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus are among the first and most extensively impacted brain regions. The TgF344-AD rat model, which more fully recapitulates human AD pathology in an age-dependent manner, is a next generation preclinical rodent model for understanding pathophysiological processes underlying the earliest stages of AD (Cohen et al., 2013). Whether synaptic alterations occur in hippocampus prior to reported learning and memory deficit is not known. Furthermore, it is not known if specific hippocampal synapses are differentially affected by progressing AD pathology, or if synaptic deficits begin to appear at the same age in males and females in this preclinical model. Here, we investigated the time-course of synaptic changes in basal transmission, paired-pulse ratio, as an indirect measure of presynaptic release probability, long-term potentiation (LTP), and dendritic spine density at two hippocampal synapses in male and ovariectomized female TgF344-AD rats and wildtype littermates, prior to reported behavioral deficits. Decreased basal synaptic transmission begins at medial perforant path-dentate granule cell (MPP-DGC) synapses prior to Schaffer-collateral-CA1 (CA3-CA1) synapses, in the absence of a change in paired-pulse ratio (PPR) or dendritic spine density. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTP magnitude is unaffected at CA3-CA1 synapses at 6, 9, and 12months of age, but is significantly increased at MPP-DGC synapses in TgF344-AD rats at 6months only. Sex differences were only observed at CA3-CA1 synapses where the decrease in basal transmission occurs at a younger age in males versus females. These are the first studies to define presymptomatic alterations in hippocampal synaptic transmission in the TgF344-AD rat model. The time course of altered synaptic transmission mimics the spread of pathology through hippocampus in human AD and provides support for this model as a valuable preclinical tool in elucidating pathological mechanisms of early synapse dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Smith
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Lori L McMahon
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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161
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Musardo S, Marcello E. Synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: From the role of amyloid β-peptide to the α-secretase ADAM10. Eur J Pharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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162
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Ruggeri FS, Habchi J, Cerreta A, Dietler G. AFM-Based Single Molecule Techniques: Unraveling the Amyloid Pathogenic Species. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 22:3950-70. [PMID: 27189600 PMCID: PMC5080865 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160518141911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background A wide class of human diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, is due to the failure of a specific peptide or protein to keep its native functional conformational state and to undergo a conformational change into a misfolded state, triggering the formation of fibrillar cross-β sheet amyloid aggregates. During the fibrillization, several coexisting species are formed, giving rise to a highly heterogeneous mixture. Despite its fundamental role in biological function and malfunction, the mechanism of protein self-assembly and the fundamental origins of the connection between aggregation, cellular toxicity and the biochemistry of neurodegeneration remains challenging to elucidate in molecular detail. In particular, the nature of the specific state of proteins that is most prone to cause cytotoxicity is not established. Methods: In the present review, we present the latest advances obtained by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) based techniques to unravel the biophysical properties of amyloid aggregates at the nanoscale. Unraveling amyloid single species biophysical properties still represents a formidable experimental challenge, mainly because of their nanoscale dimensions and heterogeneous nature. Bulk techniques, such as circular dichroism or infrared spectroscopy, are not able to characterize the heterogeneity and inner properties of amyloid aggregates at the single species level, preventing a profound investigation of the correlation between the biophysical properties and toxicity of the individual species. Conclusion: The information delivered by AFM based techniques could be central to study the aggregation pathway of proteins and to design molecules that could interfere with amyloid aggregation delaying the onset of misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Simone Ruggeri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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163
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Savas JN, Wang YZ, DeNardo LA, Martinez-Bartolome S, McClatchy DB, Hark TJ, Shanks NF, Cozzolino KA, Lavallée-Adam M, Smukowski SN, Park SK, Kelly JW, Koo EH, Nakagawa T, Masliah E, Ghosh A, Yates JR. Amyloid Accumulation Drives Proteome-wide Alterations in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology. Cell Rep 2017; 21:2614-2627. [PMID: 29186695 PMCID: PMC5726791 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides impair multiple cellular pathways and play a causative role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, but how the brain proteome is remodeled by this process is unknown. To identify protein networks associated with AD-like pathology, we performed global quantitative proteomic analysis in three mouse models at young and old ages. Our analysis revealed a robust increase in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) levels in nearly all brain regions with increased Aβ levels. Taken together with prior findings on ApoE driving Aβ accumulation, this analysis points to a pathological dysregulation of the ApoE-Aβ axis. We also found dysregulation of protein networks involved in excitatory synaptic transmission. Analysis of the AMPA receptor (AMPAR) complex revealed specific loss of TARPγ-2, a key AMPAR-trafficking protein. Expression of TARPγ-2 in hAPP transgenic mice restored AMPA currents. This proteomic database represents a resource for the identification of protein alterations responsible for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Yi-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Laura A DeNardo
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Daniel B McClatchy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Timothy J Hark
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Natalie F Shanks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kira A Cozzolino
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Samuel N Smukowski
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sung Kyu Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Edward H Koo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anirvan Ghosh
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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164
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Zhu H, Yan H, Tang N, Li X, Pang P, Li H, Chen W, Guo Y, Shu S, Cai Y, Pei L, Liu D, Luo MH, Man H, Tian Q, Mu Y, Zhu LQ, Lu Y. Impairments of spatial memory in an Alzheimer's disease model via degeneration of hippocampal cholinergic synapses. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1676. [PMID: 29162816 PMCID: PMC5698429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline acetyltransferase neurons in the vertical diagonal band of Broca (vChATs) degenerate in the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we report that vChATs directly innervate newly generated immature neurons (NGIs) in the dorsal hippocampus (dNGIs) of adult mice and regulate both the dNGIs survival and spatial pattern separation. In a mouse model that exhibits amyloid-β plaques similar to AD patients, cholinergic synaptic transmission, dNGI survival and spatial pattern separation are impaired. Activation of vChATs with theta burst stimulation (TBS) that alleviates the decay in cholinergic synaptic transmission effectively protects against spatial pattern separation impairments in the AD mice and this protection was completely abolished by inhibiting the dNGIs survival. Thus, the impairments of pattern separation-associated spatial memory in AD mice are in part caused by degeneration of cholinergic synaptic transmission that modulates the dNGIs survival. Cholinergic neurons in the diagonal band of Broca degenerate early in Alzheimer’s disease. Here the authors show that in healthy mice, these cholinergic inputs innervate newborn neurons in the hippocampus, and that loss of this innervation in an Alzheimer’s disease model leads to impairments in spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houze Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huanhuan Yan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pei Pang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shu Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - You Cai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Pei
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
| | - Dan Liu
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hengye Man
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yangling Mu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China. .,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China. .,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China. .,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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165
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Brody AH, Strittmatter SM. Synaptotoxic Signaling by Amyloid Beta Oligomers in Alzheimer's Disease Through Prion Protein and mGluR5. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 82:293-323. [PMID: 29413525 PMCID: PMC5835229 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an impending global health crisis, yet the complexity of AD pathophysiology has so far precluded the development of any interventions to successfully slow or halt AD progression. It is clear that accumulation of Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide triggers progressive synapse loss to cause AD symptoms. Once initiated by Aβ, disease progression is complicated and accelerated by inflammation and by tau pathology. The recognition that Aβ peptide assumes multiple distinct states and that soluble oligomeric species (Aβo) are critical for synaptic damage is central to molecular understanding of AD. This knowledge has led to the identification of specific Aβo receptors, such as cellular prion protein (PrPC), mediating synaptic toxicity and neuronal dysfunction. The identification of PrPC as an Aβo receptor has illuminated an Aβo-induced signaling cascade involving mGluR5, Fyn, and Pyk2 that links Aβ and tau pathologies. This pathway provides novel potential therapeutic targets for disease-modifying AD therapy. Here, we discuss the methods by which several putative Aβo receptors were identified. We also offer an in-depth examination of the known molecular mechanisms believed to mediate Aβo-induced synaptic dysfunction, toxicity, and memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harrison Brody
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
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166
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Zhang W, Gu GJ, Zhang Q, Liu JH, Zhang B, Guo Y, Wang MY, Gong QY, Xu JR. NSCs promote hippocampal neurogenesis, metabolic changes and synaptogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Hippocampus 2017; 27:1250-1263. [PMID: 28833933 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling persist as a unique form of structural and functional plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles due to the existence of neural stem cells (NSCs). Transplantation of NSCs may represent a promising approach for the recovery of neural circuits. Here, we aimed to examine effects of highly neuronal differentiation of NSCs transplantation on hippocampal neurogenesis, metabolic changes and synaptic formation in APP/PS1 mice. 12-month-old APP/PS1 mice were used for behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, western blot, transmission electron microscopy and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). The results showed that N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and Glutamate (Glu) levels were increased in the Tg-NSC mice compared with the Tg-PBS and Tg-AD mice 10 weeks after NSCs transplantation. NSC-induced an increase in expression of synaptophysin and postsynaptic protein-95, and the number of neurons with normal synapses was significantly increased in Tg-NSC mice. More doublecortin-, BrdU/NeuN- and Nestin-positive neurons were observed in the hippocampal DG and SVZ of the Tg-NSC mice. This is the first demonstration that engrafted NSCs with a high differentiation rate to neurons can enhance neurogenesis in a mouse model of AD and can be detected by 1H-MRS in vivo. It is suggested that engraft of NSCs can restore memory and promote endogenous neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling, moreover, 1H-MRS can detect metabolite changes in AD mice in vivo. The observed changes in NAA/creatine (Cr) and glutamate (Glu)/Cr may be correlated with newborn neurons and new synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, Medical School of Jiaotong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Gu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Urumqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Yong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, Medical School of Jiaotong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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167
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Zhen J, Qian Y, Weng X, Su W, Zhang J, Cai L, Dong L, An H, Su R, Wang J, Zheng Y, Wang X. Gamma rhythm low field magnetic stimulation alleviates neuropathologic changes and rescues memory and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2017; 3:487-497. [PMID: 29124106 PMCID: PMC5671620 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The abnormal amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and Aβ-related neural network dysfunction are considered central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the early stage. Deep-brain reachable low field magnetic stimulation (DMS), a novel noninvasive approach that was designed to intervene the network activity in brains, has been found to alleviate stress-related cognitive impairments. Methods Amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 transgenic mice (5XFAD) were treated with DMS, and cognitive behavior and AD-like pathologic changes in the neurochemical and electrophysiological properties in 5XFAD mice were assessed. Results We demonstrate that DMS treatment enhances cognitive performances, attenuates Aβ load, upregulates postsynaptic density protein 95 level, and promotes hippocampal long-term potentiation in 5XFAD mouse brain. Intriguingly, the gamma burst magnetic stimulation reverses the aberrant gamma oscillations in the transgenic hippocampal network. Discussion This work establishes a solid foundation for the effectiveness of DMS in treating AD and proposes a future study of gamma rhythm stimulation on reorganizing rhythmic neural activity in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhen
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanjing Qian
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xiechuan Weng
- Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Su
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Cai
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Haiting An
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijun Su
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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168
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Chen GF, Xu TH, Yan Y, Zhou YR, Jiang Y, Melcher K, Xu HE. Amyloid beta: structure, biology and structure-based therapeutic development. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1205-1235. [PMID: 28713158 PMCID: PMC5589967 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 949] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is produced through the proteolytic processing of a transmembrane protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP), by β- and γ-secretases. Aβ accumulation in the brain is proposed to be an early toxic event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, which is the most common form of dementia associated with plaques and tangles in the brain. Currently, it is unclear what the physiological and pathological forms of Aβ are and by what mechanism Aβ causes dementia. Moreover, there are no efficient drugs to stop or reverse the progression of Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, we review the structures, biological functions, and neurotoxicity role of Aβ. We also discuss the potential receptors that interact with Aβ and mediate Aβ intake, clearance, and metabolism. Additionally, we summarize the therapeutic developments and recent advances of different strategies for treating Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we will report on the progress in searching for novel, potentially effective agents as well as selected promising strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. These prospects include agents acting on Aβ, its receptors and tau protein, such as small molecules, vaccines and antibodies against Aβ; inhibitors or modulators of β- and γ-secretase; Aβ-degrading proteases; tau protein inhibitors and vaccines; amyloid dyes and microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fang Chen
- VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ting-Hai Xu
- VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Yan
- VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Ren Zhou
- VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - H Eric Xu
- VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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169
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Angulo SL, Orman R, Neymotin SA, Liu L, Buitrago L, Cepeda-Prado E, Stefanov D, Lytton WW, Stewart M, Small SA, Duff KE, Moreno H. Tau and amyloid-related pathologies in the entorhinal cortex have divergent effects in the hippocampal circuit. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 108:261-276. [PMID: 28860088 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex (EC) is affected early in Alzheimer's disease, an illness defined by a co-occurrence of tau and amyloid-related pathologies. How the co-occurrence of these pathologies in the EC affects the hippocampal circuit remains unknown. Here we address this question by performing electrophysiological analyses of the EC circuit in mice that express mutant human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) or tau (hTau), or both in the EC. We show that the alterations in the hippocampal circuit are divergent, with hAPP increasing but hTau decreasing neuronal/circuit excitability. Most importantly, mice co-expressing hAPP and hTau show that hTau has a dominant effect, dampening the excitatory effects of hAPP. Additionally, compensatory synaptic downscaling, in response to increased excitability in EC was observed in subicular neurons of hAPP mice. Based on simulations, we propose that EC interneuron pruning can account for both EC hyperexcitability and subicular synaptic downscaling found in mice expressing hAPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Angulo
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - R Orman
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - S A Neymotin
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - L Liu
- Department of Pathology, Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, United States
| | - L Buitrago
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - E Cepeda-Prado
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - D Stefanov
- Scientific Computer Center, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - W W Lytton
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - M Stewart
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - S A Small
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, NY 10032, United States; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, United States
| | - K E Duff
- Department of Pathology, Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, United States; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, NY 10032, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, United States
| | - H Moreno
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States.
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170
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Alzheimer's disease as oligomeropathy. Neurochem Int 2017; 119:57-70. [PMID: 28821400 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by pathological aggregates of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and tau protein. On the basis of genetic evidence, biochemical data, and animal models, Aβ has been suggested to be responsible for the pathogenesis of AD (the amyloid hypothesis). Aβ molecules tend to aggregate to form oligomers, protofibrils, and mature fibrils. Although mature fibrils in the final stage have been thought to be the cause of AD pathogenesis, recent studies using synthetic Aβ peptides, a cell culture model, Aβ precursor protein transgenic mice models, and human samples, such as cerebrospinal fluids and postmortem brains of AD patients, suggest that pre-fibrillar forms (oligomers of Aβ) are more deleterious than are extracellular fibril forms. Based on this recent evidence showing that oligomers have a central role in the pathogenesis of AD, the term "oligomeropathy" could be used to define AD and other protein-misfolding diseases. In this review, I discuss recent developments in the "oligomer hypothesis" including our research findings regarding the pathogenesis of AD.
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171
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Yoo SJ, Lee JH, Kim SY, Son G, Kim JY, Cho B, Yu SW, Chang KA, Suh YH, Moon C. Differential spatial expression of peripheral olfactory neuron-derived BACE1 induces olfactory impairment by region-specific accumulation of β-amyloid oligomer. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2977. [PMID: 28796251 PMCID: PMC5596540 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although evidence exists to suggest that peripheral olfactory organs are involved in the olfactory dysfunction that accompanies AD pathology, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. As confirmed using behavioral tests, transgenic mice overexpressing a Swedish mutant form of human amyloid precursor proteins exhibited olfactory impairments prior to evidence of cognitive impairment. By measuring the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, we observed that specific regions of the olfactory bulb (OB) in Tg2576 mice, specifically the ventral portion exhibited significant decreases in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the periglomerular regions from the early stage of AD. To confirm the direct linkage between these olfactory impairments and AD-related pathology, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)-the initiating enzyme in Aβ genesis-and β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), hallmarks of AD were analyzed. We found that an increase in BACE1 expression coincided with an elevation of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers in the ventral region of OB. Moreover, olfactory epithelium (OE), in particular the ectoturbinate in which axons of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) have direct connections with the dendrites of mitral/tufted cells in the ventral part of OB, exhibited significant decreases in both thickness and cell number even at early stages. This result suggests that Aβ oligomer toxicity in the OE may have induced a decline in the number of OSNs and functional impairment of the olfactory system. We first demonstrated that disproportionate levels of regional damage in the peripheral olfactory system may be a specific symptom of AD with Aβ oligomer accumulation occurring prior to damage within the CNS. This regional damage in the olfactory system early in the progression of AD may be closely related to AD-related pathological abnormality and olfactory dysfunction found in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jun Yoo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Yeun Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gowoon Son
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bongki Cho
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong-Woon Yu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Gachon Medical School, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoo-Hun Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Gachon Medical School, Incheon, Korea
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
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172
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Pitt J, Wilcox KC, Tortelli V, Diniz LP, Oliveira MS, Dobbins C, Yu XW, Nandamuri S, Gomes FCA, DiNunno N, Viola KL, De Felice FG, Ferreira ST, Klein WL. Neuroprotective astrocyte-derived insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 stimulates endocytic processing and extracellular release of neuron-bound Aβ oligomers. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2623-2636. [PMID: 28963439 PMCID: PMC5620371 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptopathy underlying memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly thought to be instigated by toxic oligomers of the amyloid beta peptide (AβOs). Given the long latency and incomplete penetrance of AD dementia with respect to Aβ pathology, we hypothesized that factors present in the CNS may physiologically protect neurons from the deleterious impact of AβOs. Here we employed physically separated neuron-astrocyte cocultures to investigate potential non-cell autonomous neuroprotective factors influencing AβO toxicity. Neurons cultivated in the absence of an astrocyte feeder layer showed abundant AβO binding to dendritic processes and associated synapse deterioration. In contrast, neurons in the presence of astrocytes showed markedly reduced AβO binding and synaptopathy. Results identified the protective factors released by astrocytes as insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1). The protective mechanism involved release of newly bound AβOs into the extracellular medium dependent upon trafficking that was sensitive to exosome pathway inhibitors. Delaying insulin treatment led to AβO binding that was no longer releasable. The neuroprotective potential of astrocytes was itself sensitive to chronic AβO exposure, which reduced insulin/IGF1 expression. Our findings support the idea that physiological protection against synaptotoxic AβOs can be mediated by astrocyte-derived insulin/IGF1, but that this protection itself is vulnerable to AβO buildup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pitt
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.,Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Kyle C Wilcox
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Vanessa Tortelli
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21944-590, Brazil
| | - Luan Pereira Diniz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21944-590, Brazil
| | - Maira S Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21944-590, Brazil
| | - Cassandra Dobbins
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Xiao-Wen Yu
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Sathwik Nandamuri
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Flávia C A Gomes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21944-590, Brazil
| | - Nadia DiNunno
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Kirsten L Viola
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21944-590, Brazil.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21944-590, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21944-590, Brazil
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
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173
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Selective Degeneration of Entorhinal-CA1 Synapses in Alzheimer's Disease via Activation of DAPK1. J Neurosci 2017; 36:10843-10852. [PMID: 27798139 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2258-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory pyramidal neurons in the entorhinal cortical layer II region (ECIIPN) form functional excitatory synapses with CA1 parvalbumin inhibitory neurons (CA1PV) and undergo selective degeneration in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we show that death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is selectively activated in ECIIPN of AD mice. Inhibition of DAPK1 by deleting a catalytic domain or a death domain of DAPK1 rescues the ECIIPN-CA1PV synaptic loss and improves spatial learning and memory in AD mice. This study demonstrates that activation of DAPK1 in ECIIPN contributes to a memory loss in AD and hence warrants a promising target for the treatment of AD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our recent study reported that excitatory pyramidal neurons in the entorhinal cortical layer II region (ECIIPN) target to CA1 parvalbumin-type inhibitory neurons (CA1PV) at a direct pathway and are one of the most vulnerable brain cells that are selectively degenerated in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our present study shows that death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is selectively activated in ECIIPN of AD mice. Inhibition of DAPK1 by deleting a catalytic domain or a death domain of DAPK1 rescues the ECIIPN-CA1PV synaptic loss and improves spatial learning and memory in the early stage of AD. These data not only demonstrate a crucial molecular event for synaptic degeneration but also provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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174
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Lazarevic V, Fieńko S, Andres-Alonso M, Anni D, Ivanova D, Montenegro-Venegas C, Gundelfinger ED, Cousin MA, Fejtova A. Physiological Concentrations of Amyloid Beta Regulate Recycling of Synaptic Vesicles via Alpha7 Acetylcholine Receptor and CDK5/Calcineurin Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:221. [PMID: 28785201 PMCID: PMC5520466 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the central role of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), its physiological function in healthy brain is still debated. It is well established that elevated levels of Aβ induce synaptic depression and dismantling, connected with neurotoxicity and neuronal loss. Growing evidence suggests a positive regulatory effect of Aβ on synaptic function and cognition; however the exact cellular and molecular correlates are still unclear. In this work, we tested the effect of physiological concentrations of Aβ species of endogenous origin on neurotransmitter release in rat cortical and hippocampal neurons grown in dissociated cultures. Modulation of production and degradation of the endogenous Aβ species as well as applications of the synthetic rodent Aβ40 and Aβ42 affected efficacy of neurotransmitter release from individual presynapses. Low picomolar Aβ40 and Aβ42 increased, while Aβ depletion or application of low micromolar concentration decreased synaptic vesicle recycling, showing a hormetic effect of Aβ on neurotransmitter release. These Aβ-mediated modulations required functional alpha7 acetylcholine receptors as well as extracellular and intracellular calcium, involved regulation of CDK5 and calcineurin signaling and increased recycling of synaptic vesicles. These data indicate that Aβ regulates neurotransmitter release from presynapse and suggest that failure of the normal physiological function of Aβ in the fine-tuning of SV cycling could disrupt synaptic function and homeostasis, which would, eventually, lead to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Lazarevic
- RG Presynaptic Plasticity, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Fieńko
- RG Presynaptic Plasticity, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Maria Andres-Alonso
- RG Presynaptic Plasticity, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Anni
- Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ivanova
- RG Presynaptic Plasticity, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Eckart D Gundelfinger
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Cousin
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Fejtova
- RG Presynaptic Plasticity, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany.,Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany
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175
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Tamagnini F, Walsh DA, Brown JT, Bondulich MK, Hanger DP, Randall AD. Hippocampal neurophysiology is modified by a disease-associated C-terminal fragment of tau protein. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 60:44-56. [PMID: 28917666 PMCID: PMC5654728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of cleaved tau fragments in the brain is associated with several tauopathies. For this reason, we recently developed a transgenic mouse that selectively accumulates a C-Terminal 35 kDa human tau fragment (Tau35). These animals develop progressive motor and spatial memory impairment, paralleled by increased hippocampal glycogen synthase kinase 3β activity. In this neurophysiological study, we focused on the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus, a brain area involved in memory encoding. The accumulation of Tau35 results in a significant increase of short-term facilitation of the synaptic response in the theta frequency range (10 Hz), without affecting basal synaptic transmission and long-term synaptic plasticity. Tau35 expression also alters the intrinsic excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Thus, Tau35 presence is associated with increased and decreased excitability at hyperpolarized and depolarized potentials, respectively. These observations are paralleled by a hyperpolarization of the voltage-sensitivity of noninactivating K+ currents. Further investigation is needed to assess the causal link between such functional alterations and the cognitive and motor impairments previously observed in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tamagnini
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Darren A Walsh
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jon T Brown
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Marie K Bondulich
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Diane P Hanger
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrew D Randall
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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176
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Amyloid-β Peptide Nitrotyrosination Stabilizes Oligomers and Enhances NMDAR-Mediated Toxicity. J Neurosci 2017; 36:11693-11703. [PMID: 27852777 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1081-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the pathological aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Monomeric soluble Aβ can switch from helicoidal to β-sheet conformation, promoting its assembly into oligomers and subsequently to amyloid fibrils. Oligomers are highly toxic to neurons and have been reported to induce synaptic transmission impairments. The progression from oligomers to fibrils forming senile plaques is currently considered a protective mechanism to avoid the presence of the highly toxic oligomers. Protein nitration is a frequent post-translational modification under AD nitrative stress conditions. Aβ can be nitrated at tyrosine 10 (Y10) by peroxynitrite. Based on our analysis of ThT binding, Western blot and electron and atomic force microscopy, we report that Aβ nitration stabilizes soluble, highly toxic oligomers and impairs the formation of fibrils. We propose a mechanism by which fibril elongation is interrupted upon Y10 nitration: Nitration disrupts fibril-forming folds by preventing H14-mediated bridging, as shown with an Aβ analog containing a single residue (H to E) replacement that mimics the behavior of nitrated Aβ related to fibril formation and neuronal toxicity. The pathophysiological role of our findings in AD was highlighted by the study of these nitrated oligomers on mouse hippocampal neurons, where an increased NMDAR-dependent toxicity of nitrated Aβ oligomers was observed. Our results show that Aβ nitrotyrosination is a post-translational modification that increases Aβ synaptotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We report that nitration (i.e., the irreversible addition of a nitro group) of the Alzheimer-related peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) favors the stabilization of highly toxic oligomers and inhibits the formation of Aβ fibrils. The nitrated Aβ oligomers are more toxic to neurons due to increased cytosolic calcium levels throughout their action on NMDA receptors. Sustained elevated calcium levels trigger excitotoxicity, a characteristic event in Alzheimer's disease.
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177
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Colin J, Allouche A, Chauveau F, Corbier C, Pauron-Gregory L, Lanhers MC, Claudepierre T, Yen FT, Oster T, Malaplate-Armand C. Improved Neuroprotection Provided by Drug Combination in Neurons Exposed to Cell-Derived Soluble Amyloid-β Peptide. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:975-87. [PMID: 27163806 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide contributes to impaired synaptic connections and neurodegenerative processes, and as such, represents a primary therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-modifying approaches. However, the lack of efficacy of drugs that inhibit production of Aβ demonstrates the need for a better characterization of its toxic effects, both on synaptic and neuronal function. Here, we used conditioned medium obtained from recombinant HEK-AβPP cells expressing the human amyloid-β protein precursor (Aβ-CM), to investigate Aβ-induced neurotoxic and synaptotoxic effects. Characterization of Aβ-CM revealed that it contained picomolar amounts of cell-secreted Aβ in its soluble form. Incubation of primary cortical neurons with Aβ-CM led to significant decreases in synaptic protein levels as compared to controls. This effect was no longer observed in neurons incubated with conditioned medium obtained from HEK-AβPP cells grown in presence of the γ-secretase inhibitor, Semagacestat or LY450139 (LY-CM). However, neurotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of Aβ-CM were only partially prevented using LY-CM, which could be explained by other deleterious compounds related to chronic oxidative stress that were released by HEK-AβPP cells. Indeed, full neuroprotection was observed in cells exposed to LY-CM by additional treatment with the antioxidant resveratrol, or with the pluripotent n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. Inhibition of Aβ production appeared necessary but insufficient to prevent neurodegenerative effects associated with AD due to other neurotoxic compounds that could exert additional deleterious effects on neuronal function and survival. Therefore, association of various types of protective agents needs to be considered when developing strategies for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Colin
- Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, UR AFPA, EA 3998, USC INRA 0340, Nancy, France
| | - Ahmad Allouche
- Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, UR AFPA, EA 3998, USC INRA 0340, Nancy, France
| | - Fabien Chauveau
- Université de Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CNRS UMR5292; INSERM U1028; Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Corbier
- Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, UR AFPA, EA 3998, USC INRA 0340, Nancy, France
| | - Lynn Pauron-Gregory
- Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, UR AFPA, EA 3998, USC INRA 0340, Nancy, France
| | | | - Thomas Claudepierre
- Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, UR AFPA, EA 3998, USC INRA 0340, Nancy, France
| | - Frances T Yen
- Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, UR AFPA, EA 3998, USC INRA 0340, Nancy, France
| | - Thierry Oster
- Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, UR AFPA, EA 3998, USC INRA 0340, Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Malaplate-Armand
- Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, UR AFPA, EA 3998, USC INRA 0340, Nancy, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Central, CHU de Nancy, CO n°34, Nancy, France
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178
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Haberman RP, Branch A, Gallagher M. Targeting Neural Hyperactivity as a Treatment to Stem Progression of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:662-676. [PMID: 28560709 PMCID: PMC5509635 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the most common form of dementia in the elderly, causes progressive and severe loss of cognitive abilities. With greater numbers of people living to advanced ages, LOAD will increasingly burden both the healthcare system and society. There are currently no available disease-modifying therapies, and the failure of several recent pathology-based strategies has highlighted the urgent need for effective therapeutic targets. With aging as the greatest risk factor for LOAD, targeting mechanisms by which aging contributes to disease could prove an effective strategy to delay progression to clinical dementia by intervention in elderly individuals in an early prodromal stage of disease. Excess neural activity in the hippocampus, a recently described phenomenon associated with age-dependent memory loss, was first identified in animal models of aging and subsequently translated to clinical conditions of aging and early-stage LOAD. Critically, elevated activity was similarly localized to specific circuits within the hippocampal formation in aged animals and humans. Here we review evidence for hippocampal hyperactivity as a significant contributor to age-dependent cognitive decline and the progressive accumulation of pathology in LOAD. We also describe studies demonstrating the efficacy of reducing hyperactivity with an initial test therapy, levetiracetam (Keppra), an atypical antiepileptic. By targeting excess neural activity, levetiracetam may improve cognition and attenuate the accumulation of pathology contributing to progression to the dementia phase of LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca P Haberman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 116 Dunning Hall, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Audrey Branch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 116 Dunning Hall, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 116 Dunning Hall, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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179
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Yang J, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Lenczowski E, Tian Y, Yang J, Zhang C, Hardt M, Qiao C, Tanzi RE, Moore A, Ye H, Ran C. The double-edged role of copper in the fate of amyloid beta in the presence of anti-oxidants. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6155-6164. [PMID: 28989646 PMCID: PMC5627602 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological fate of amyloid beta (Aβ) species is a fundamental question in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. The competition between clearance and aggregation of Aβs is critical for the onset of AD. Copper has been widely considered to be an inducer of harmful crosslinking of Aβs, and an important triggering factor for the onset of AD. In this report, however, we present data to show that copper can also be an inducer of Aβ degradation in the presence of a large excess of well-known intrinsic (such as dopamine) or extrinsic (such as vitamin C) anti-oxidants. The degraded fragments were identified using SDS-Page gels, and validated via nanoLC-MS/MS. A tentative mechanism for the degradation was proposed and validated with model peptides. In addition, we performed electrophysiological analysis to investigate the synaptic functions in brain slices, and found that in the presence of a significant excess of vitamin C, Cu(ii) could prevent an Aβ-induced deficit in synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Collectively, our evidence strongly indicated that a proper combination of copper and anti-oxidants might have a positive effect on the prevention of AD. This double-edged function of copper in AD has been largely overlooked in the past. We believe that our report is very important for fully understanding the function of copper in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory , MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown , Boston , Massachusetts 02129 , USA . .,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215006 , China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory , MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown , Boston , Massachusetts 02129 , USA . .,Center for Drug Discovery , School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 210009 , China
| | - Yiying Zhu
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences , The Forsyth Institute , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - Emily Lenczowski
- Department of Biology , Loyola University Chicago , Chicago , IL 60660 , USA .
| | - Yanli Tian
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory , MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown , Boston , Massachusetts 02129 , USA . .,Department of Parasitology , Zhongshan School of Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , 510080 , China
| | - Jian Yang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory , MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown , Boston , Massachusetts 02129 , USA . .,Center for Drug Discovery , School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 210009 , China
| | - Can Zhang
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit , Department of Neurology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Building 114 , Charlestown , Massachusetts 02129 , USA
| | - Markus Hardt
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences , The Forsyth Institute , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - Chunhua Qiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215006 , China
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit , Department of Neurology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Building 114 , Charlestown , Massachusetts 02129 , USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory , MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown , Boston , Massachusetts 02129 , USA .
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Biology , Loyola University Chicago , Chicago , IL 60660 , USA .
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory , MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown , Boston , Massachusetts 02129 , USA .
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180
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Marsh J, Bagol SH, Williams RSB, Dickson G, Alifragis P. Synapsin I phosphorylation is dysregulated by beta-amyloid oligomers and restored by valproic acid. Neurobiol Dis 2017. [PMID: 28647556 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly but the precise causal mechanisms are still not fully understood. Growing evidence supports a significant role for Aβ42 oligomers in the development and progression of Alzheimer's. For example, intracellular soluble Aβ oligomers are thought to contribute to the early synaptic dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are still unclear. Here, we identify a novel mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the reported synaptic dysfunction. Using primary rat hippocampal neurons exposed for a short period of time to Aβ42 oligomers, we show a disruption in the activity-dependent phosphorylation cycle of SynapsinI at Ser9. SynapsinI is a pre-synaptic protein that responds to neuronal activity and regulates the availability of synaptic vesicles to participate in neurotransmitter release. Phosphorylation of SynapsinI at Ser9, modulates its distribution and interaction with synaptic vesicles. Our results show that in neurons exposed to Aβ42 oligomers, the levels of phosphorylated Ser9 of SynapsinI remain elevated during the recovery period following neuronal activity. We then investigated if this effect could be targeted by a putative therapeutic regime using valproic acid (a short branch-chained fatty acid) that has been proposed as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Exposure of Aβ42 treated neurons to valproic acid, showed that it restores the physiological regulation of SynapsinI after depolarisation. Our data provide a new insight on Aβ42-mediated pathology in Alzheimer's disease and supports the use of Valproic acid as a possible pharmaceutical intervention for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Marsh
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Saifuddien Haji Bagol
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - George Dickson
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Pavlos Alifragis
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
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181
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Lee SH, Lutz D, Mossalam M, Bolshakov VY, Frotscher M, Shen J. Presenilins regulate synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in the hippocampal mossy fiber pathway. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:48. [PMID: 28619096 PMCID: PMC5472971 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Presenilins play a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, in which the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable. Previous studies of Presenilin function in the synapse, however, focused exclusively on the hippocampal Schaffer collateral (SC) pathway. Whether Presenilins play similar or distinct roles in other hippocampal synapses is unknown. Methods To investigate the role of Presenilins at mossy fiber (MF) synapses we performed field and whole-cell electrophysiological recordings and Ca2+ imaging using acute hippocampal slices of postnatal forebrain-restricted Presenilin conditional double knockout (PS cDKO) and control mice at 2 months of age. We also performed quantitative electron microscopy (EM) analysis to determine whether mitochondrial content is affected at presynaptic MF boutons of PS cDKO mice. We further conducted behavioral analysis to assess spatial learning and memory of PS cDKO and control mice at 2 months in the Morris water maze. Results We found that long-term potentiation and short-term plasticity, such as paired-pulse and frequency facilitation, are impaired at MF synapses of PS cDKO mice. Moreover, post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), another form of short-term plasticity, is also impaired at MF synapses of PS cDKO mice. Furthermore, blockade of mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux mimics and occludes the PTP deficits at MF synapses of PS cDKO mice, suggesting that mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis is impaired in the absence of PS. Quantitative EM analysis showed normal number and area of mitochondria at presynaptic MF boutons of PS cDKO mice, indicating unchanged mitochondrial content. Ca2+ imaging of dentate gyrus granule neurons further revealed that cytosolic Ca2+ increases induced by tetanic stimulation are reduced in PS cDKO granule neurons in acute hippocampal slices, and that inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ release during high frequency stimulation mimics and occludes the Ca2+ defects observed in PS cDKO neurons. Consistent with synaptic plasticity impairment observed at MF and SC synapses in acute PS cDKO hippocampal slices, PS cDKO mice exhibit profound spatial learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the importance of PS in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in the hippocampal MF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - David Lutz
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohanad Mossalam
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vadim Y Bolshakov
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael Frotscher
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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182
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Tarawneh R, D'Angelo G, Crimmins D, Herries E, Griest T, Fagan AM, Zipfel GJ, Ladenson JH, Morris JC, Holtzman DM. Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of the Synaptic Marker Neurogranin in Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2017; 73:561-71. [PMID: 27018940 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Synaptic loss is an early pathologic substrate of Alzheimer disease (AD). Neurogranin is a postsynaptic neuronal protein that has demonstrated utility as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) marker of synaptic loss in AD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of CSF neurogranin levels in a large, well-characterized cohort of individuals with symptomatic AD and cognitively normal controls. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional and longitudinal observational study of cognitive decline in patients with symptomatic AD and cognitively normal controls was performed. Participants were individuals with a clinical diagnosis of early symptomatic AD and cognitively normal controls who were enrolled in longitudinal studies of aging and dementia at the Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, from January 21, 2000, through March 21, 2011. Data analysis was performed from November 1, 2013, to March 31, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Correlations between baseline CSF biomarker levels and future cognitive decline in patients with symptomatic AD and cognitively normal controls over time. RESULTS A total of 302 individuals (mean [SE] age, 73.1 [0.4] years) were included in this study (95 patients [52 women and 43 men] with AD and 207 controls [125 women and 82 men]). The CSF neurogranin levels differentiated patients with early symptomatic AD from controls with comparable diagnostic utility (mean [SE] area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.71 [0.03]; 95% CI, 0.64-0.77) to the other CSF biomarkers. The CSF neurogranin levels correlated with brain atrophy (normalized whole-brain volumes: adjusted r = -0.38, P = .02; hippocampal volumes: adjusted r = -0.36, P = .03; entorhinal volumes: adjusted r = -0.46, P = .006; and parahippocampal volumes: adjusted r = -0.47, P = .005, n = 38) in AD and with amyloid load (r = 0.39, P = .02, n = 36) in preclinical AD. The CSF neurogranin levels predicted future cognitive impairment (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.29-2.78; P = .001 as a continuous measure, and adjusted hazard ratio, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.13-5.99; P = .02 as a categorical measure using the 85th percentile cutoff value) in controls and rates of cognitive decline (Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes score: β estimate, 0.29; P = .001; global composite scores: β estimate, -0.11; P = .001; episodic memory scores: β estimate, -0.18; P < .001; and semantic memory scores: β estimate, -0.06; P = .04, n = 57) in patients with symptomatic AD over time, similarly to the CSF proteins VILIP-1, tau, and p-tau181. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The CSF levels of the synaptic marker neurogranin offer diagnostic and prognostic utility for early symptomatic AD that is comparable to other CSF markers of AD. Importantly, CSF neurogranin complements the collective ability of these markers to predict future cognitive decline in cognitively normal individuals and, therefore, will be a useful addition to the current panel of AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Tarawneh
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri2Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri3Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Wash
| | - Gina D'Angelo
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri5Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Dan Crimmins
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth Herries
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Terry Griest
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri2Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri3Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Wash
| | - Gregory J Zipfel
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri7Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jack H Ladenson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri2Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri3Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Wash
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri2Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri3Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Wash
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183
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Do Carmo S, Crynen G, Paradis T, Reed J, Iulita MF, Ducatenzeiler A, Crawford F, Cuello AC. Hippocampal Proteomic Analysis Reveals Distinct Pathway Deregulation Profiles at Early and Late Stages in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's-Like Amyloid Pathology. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3451-3476. [PMID: 28502044 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral accumulation and cytotoxicity of amyloid beta (Aβ) is central to Alzheimer's pathogenesis. However, little is known about how the amyloid pathology affects the global expression of brain proteins at different disease stages. In order to identify genotype and time-dependent significant changes in protein expression, we employed quantitative proteomics analysis of hippocampal tissue from the McGill-R-Thy1-APP rat model of Alzheimer-like amyloid pathology. McGill transgenic rats were compared to wild-type rats at early and late pathology stages, i.e., when intraneuronal Aβ amyloid burden is conspicuous and when extracellular amyloid plaques are abundant with more pronounced cognitive deficits. After correction for multiple testing, the expression levels of 64 proteins were found to be considerably different in transgenic versus wild-type rats at the pre-plaque stage (3 months), and 86 proteins in the post-plaque group (12 months), with only 9 differentially regulated proteins common to the 2 time-points. This minimal overlap supports the hypothesis that different molecular pathways are affected in the hippocampus at early and late stages of the amyloid pathology throughout its continuum. At early stages, disturbances in pathways related to cellular responses to stress, protein homeostasis, and neuronal structure are predominant, while disturbances in metabolic energy generation dominate at later stages. These results shed new light on the molecular pathways affected by the early accumulation of Aβ and how the evolving amyloid pathology impacts other complex metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Tiffany Paradis
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jon Reed
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - M Florencia Iulita
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Ducatenzeiler
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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184
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Shirao T, Hanamura K, Koganezawa N, Ishizuka Y, Yamazaki H, Sekino Y. The role of drebrin in neurons. J Neurochem 2017; 141:819-834. [PMID: 28199019 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Drebrin is an actin-binding protein that changes the helical pitch of actin filaments (F-actin), and drebrin-decorated F-actin shows slow treadmilling and decreased rate of depolymerization. Moreover, the characteristic morphology of drebrin-decorated F-actin enables it to respond differently to the same signals from other actin cytoskeletons. Drebrin consists of two major isoforms, drebrin E and drebrin A. In the developing brain, drebrin E appears in migrating neurons and accumulates in the growth cones of axons and dendrites. Drebrin E-decorated F-actin links lamellipodium F-actin to microtubules in the growth cones. Then drebrin A appears at nascent synapses and drebrin A-decorated F-actin facilitates postsynaptic molecular assembly. In the adult brain, drebrin A-decorated F-actin is concentrated in the central region of dendritic spines. During long-term potentiation initiation, NMDA receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx induces the transient exodus of drebrin A-decorated F-actin via myosin II ATPase activation. Because of the unique physical characteristics of drebrin A-decorated F-actin, this exodus likely contributes to the facilitation of F-actin polymerization and spine enlargement. Additionally, drebrin reaccumulation in dendritic spines is observed after the exodus. In our drebrin exodus model of structure-based synaptic plasticity, reestablishment of drebrin A-decorated F-actin is necessary to keep the enlarged spine size during long-term potentiation maintenance. In this review, we introduce the genetic and biochemical properties of drebrin and the roles of drebrin in early stage of brain development, synaptic formation and synaptic plasticity. Further, we discuss the pathological relevance of drebrin loss in Alzheimer's disease. This article is part of the mini review series "60th Anniversary of the Japanese Society for Neurochemistry".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenji Hanamura
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Noriko Koganezawa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuta Ishizuka
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.,Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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185
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Kocahan S, Doğan Z. Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis and Prevention: The Brain, Neural Pathology, N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors, Tau Protein and Other Risk Factors. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:1-8. [PMID: 28138104 PMCID: PMC5290713 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the appearance of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the intracellular environment, neuronal death and the loss of synapses, all of which contribute to cognitive decline in a progressive manner. A number of hypotheses have been advanced to explain AD. Abnormal tau phosphorylation may contribute to the formation of abnormal neurofibrillary structures. Many different structures are susceptible to AD, including the reticular formation, the nuclei in the brain stem (e.g., raphe nucleus), thalamus, hypothalamus, locus ceruleus, amygdala, substantia nigra, striatum, and claustrum. Excitotoxicity results from continuous, low-level activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Premature synaptotoxicity, changes in neurotransmitter expression, neurophils loss, accumulation of amyloid β-protein deposits (amyloid/senile plaques), and neuronal loss and brain atrophy are all associated with stages of AD progression. Several recent studies have examined the relationship between Aβ and NMDA receptors. Aβ-induced spine loss is associated with a decrease in glutamate receptors and is dependent upon the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, which has also been linked to long-term depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayad Kocahan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.,International Scientific Center, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Zumrut Doğan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
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186
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Poksay KS, Sheffler DJ, Spilman P, Campagna J, Jagodzinska B, Descamps O, Gorostiza O, Matalis A, Mullenix M, Bredesen DE, Cosford NDP, John V. Screening for Small Molecule Inhibitors of Statin-Induced APP C-terminal Toxic Fragment Production. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:46. [PMID: 28261092 PMCID: PMC5309220 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neuronal and synaptic loss. One process that could contribute to this loss is the intracellular caspase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulting in release of the toxic C-terminal 31-amino acid peptide APP-C31 along with the production of APPΔC31, full-length APP minus the C-terminal 31 amino acids. We previously found that a mutation in APP that prevents this caspase cleavage ameliorated synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in a murine AD model. Thus, inhibition of this cleavage is a reasonable target for new therapeutic development. In order to identify small molecules that inhibit the generation of APP-C31, we first used an APPΔC31 cleavage site-specific antibody to develop an AlphaLISA to screen several chemical compound libraries for the level of N-terminal fragment production. This antibody was also used to develop an ELISA for validation studies. In both high throughput screening (HTS) and validation testing, the ability of compounds to inhibit simvastatin- (HTS) or cerivastatin- (validation studies) induced caspase cleavage at the APP-D720 cleavage site was determined in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with wildtype (wt) human APP (CHO-7W). Several compounds, as well as control pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh, inhibited APPΔC31 production (measured fragment) and rescued cell death in a dose-dependent manner. The effective compounds fell into several classes including SERCA inhibitors, inhibitors of Wnt signaling, and calcium channel antagonists. Further studies are underway to evaluate the efficacy of lead compounds - identified here using cells and tissues expressing wt human APP - in mouse models of AD expressing mutated human APP, as well as to identify additional compounds and determine the mechanisms by which they exert their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Poksay
- Bredesen Lab, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato CA, USA
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Patricia Spilman
- Bredesen Lab, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, NovatoCA, USA; Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los AngelesCA, USA
| | - Jesus Campagna
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Barbara Jagodzinska
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Olivier Descamps
- Bredesen Lab, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato CA, USA
| | - Olivia Gorostiza
- Bredesen Lab, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato CA, USA
| | - Alex Matalis
- Bredesen Lab, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato CA, USA
| | | | - Dale E Bredesen
- Bredesen Lab, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, NovatoCA, USA; Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los AngelesCA, USA
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Varghese John
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA
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187
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Tao CC, Hsu WL, Ma YL, Cheng SJ, Lee EH. Epigenetic regulation of HDAC1 SUMOylation as an endogenous neuroprotection against Aβ toxicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:597-614. [PMID: 28186506 PMCID: PMC5384022 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) produces neurotoxicity in the brain and causes neuronal death, but the endogenous defense mechanism that is activated on Aβ insult is less well known. Here we found that acute Aβ increases the expression of PIAS1 and Mcl-1 via activation of MAPK/ERK, and Aβ induction of PIAS1 enhances HDAC1 SUMOylation in rat hippocampus. Knockdown of PIAS1 decreases endogenous HDAC1 SUMOylation and blocks Aβ induction of Mcl-1. Sumoylated HDAC1 reduces it association with CREB, increases CREB binding to the Mcl-1 promoter and mediates Aβ induction of Mcl-1 expression. Transduction of SUMO-modified lenti-HDAC1 vector to the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice rescues spatial learning and memory deficit and long-term potentiation impairment in APP/PS1 mice. It also reduces the amount of amyloid plaque and the number of apoptotic cells in CA1 area of APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, HDAC1 SUMOylation decreases HDAC1 binding to the neprilysin promoter. These results together reveal an important role of HDAC1 SUMOylation as a naturally occurring defense mechanism protecting against Aβ toxicity and provide an alternative therapeutic strategy against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih Chieh Tao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Li Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin Jhong Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Program in Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eminy Hy Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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188
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Akhter F, Chen D, Yan SF, Yan SS. Mitochondrial Perturbation in Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 146:341-361. [PMID: 28253990 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are well-known cellular organelles that play a vital role in cellular bioenergetics, heme biosynthesis, thermogenesis, calcium homeostasis, lipid catabolism, and other metabolic activities. Given the extensive role of mitochondria in cell function, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a part in many diseases, including diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In most cases, there is overwhelming evidence that impaired mitochondrial function is a causative factor in these diseases. Studying mitochondrial function in diseased cells vs healthy cells may reveal the modified mechanisms and molecular components involved in specific disease states. In this chapter, we provide a concise overview of the major recent findings on mitochondrial abnormalities and their link to synaptic dysfunction relevant to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD and diabetes. Our increased understanding of the role of mitochondrial perturbation indicates that the development of specific small molecules targeting aberrant mitochondrial function could provide therapeutic benefits for the brain in combating aging-related dementia and neurodegenerative diseases by powering up brain energy and improving synaptic function and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akhter
- School of Pharmacy, Higuchi Bioscience Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - D Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Higuchi Bioscience Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - S F Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Higuchi Bioscience Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - S S Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Higuchi Bioscience Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
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189
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Urbanc B. Flexible N‐Termini of Amyloid β‐Protein Oligomers: A Link between Structure and Activity? Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Urbanc
- Department of Physics Drexel University Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Jadranska ulica 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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190
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Regulation of Synaptic Amyloid-β Generation through BACE1 Retrograde Transport in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2639-2655. [PMID: 28159908 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2851-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides play a key role in synaptic damage and memory deficits in the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormal accumulation of Aβ at nerve terminals leads to synaptic pathology and ultimately to neurodegeneration. β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the major neuronal β-secretase for Aβ generation. However, the mechanisms regulating BACE1 distribution in axons and β cleavage of APP at synapses remain largely unknown. Here, we reveal that dynein-Snapin-mediated retrograde transport regulates BACE1 trafficking in axons and APP processing at presynaptic terminals. BACE1 is predominantly accumulated within late endosomes at the synapses of AD-related mutant human APP (hAPP) transgenic (Tg) mice and patient brains. Defective retrograde transport by genetic ablation of snapin in mice recapitulates late endocytic retention of BACE1 and increased APP processing at presynaptic sites. Conversely, overexpressing Snapin facilitates BACE1 trafficking and reduces synaptic BACE1 accumulation by enhancing the removal of BACE1 from distal AD axons and presynaptic terminals. Moreover, elevated Snapin expression via stereotactic hippocampal injections of adeno-associated virus particles in mutant hAPP Tg mouse brains decreases synaptic Aβ levels and ameliorates synapse loss, thus rescuing cognitive impairments associated with hAPP mice. Altogether, our study provides new mechanistic insights into the complex regulation of BACE1 trafficking and presynaptic localization through Snapin-mediated dynein-driven retrograde axonal transport, thereby suggesting a potential approach of modulating Aβ levels and attenuating synaptic deficits in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT β-Site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) trafficking and synaptic localization significantly influence its β secretase activity and amyloid-β (Aβ) production. In AD brains, BACE1 is accumulated within dystrophic neurites, which is thought to augment Aβ-induced synaptotoxicity by Aβ overproduction. However, it remains largely unknown whether axonal transport regulates synaptic APP processing. Here, we demonstrate that Snapin-mediated retrograde transport plays a critical role in removing BACE1 from presynaptic terminals toward the soma, thus reducing synaptic Aβ production. Adeno-associated virus-mediated Snapin overexpression in the hippocampus of mutant hAPP mice significantly decreases synaptic Aβ levels, attenuates synapse loss, and thus rescues cognitive deficits. Our study uncovers a new pathway that controls synaptic APP processing by enhancing axonal BACE1 trafficking, thereby advancing our fundamental knowledge critical for ameliorating Aβ-linked synaptic pathology.
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191
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Spilman PR, Corset V, Gorostiza O, Poksay KS, Galvan V, Zhang J, Rao R, Peters-Libeu C, Vincelette J, McGeehan A, Dvorak-Ewell M, Beyer J, Campagna J, Bankiewicz K, Mehlen P, John V, Bredesen DE. Netrin-1 Interrupts Amyloid-β Amplification, Increases sAβPPα in vitro and in vivo, and Improves Cognition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:223-42. [PMID: 27060954 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that inoculation of susceptible mice with amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides accelerates Aβ deposition in the brain, supporting the idea that Aβ may be self-amplifying; however, the exact mechanism is not understood. Here we provide evidence that Aβ may self-amplify, in part, by inhibiting α-secretase ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) cleavage of full-length Aβ precursor protein (FL AβPP) and therefore allow greater β-secretase processing, and that Aβ itself is a substrate for ADAM10. Exposure of primary neuronal cultures from PDAβPP mice to exogenous rat Aβ1- 40 resulted in increased de novo human Aβ1-42 production and exposure of cells to Aβ decreased production of ADAM10 cleavage product soluble AβPPα (sAβPPα). In a cell-free assay, Aβ decreased ADAM10 cleavage of the chimeric substrate MBP-AβPPC125 and Aβ itself was apparently cleaved by the enzyme. The axonal guidance and trophic factor netrin-1, however, reduced the Aβ1- 40-induced Aβ1-42 increase, increased sAβPPα, and reversed the Aβ-induced sAβPPα decrease in vitro. In vivo, induction of netrin-1 expression in PDAβPPSwe/Ind transgenic mice resulted in reductions in both Aβ1-42 and Aβ1- 40, and ICV delivery of netrin-1 to PDAβPPSwe/Ind mice increased sAβPPα, decreased Aβ, and improved working memory. Finally, to support further study of netrin-1's potential as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease, pilot gene therapy studies were performed and a netrin mimetic peptide synthesized and tested that, like netrin, can increase sAβPPα and decrease Aβ1-42in vitro. Taken together, these data provide mechanistic insights into Aβ self-amplification and the ability of netrin-1 to disrupt it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Spilman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology & Easton Center for AD Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Veronique Corset
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory, University of Lyon Cancer Center, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Junli Zhang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Rammohan Rao
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Janine Beyer
- Laboratory for Translational Neuroscience Research, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jesus Campagna
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology & Easton Center for AD Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Krystof Bankiewicz
- Laboratory for Translational Neuroscience Research, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory, University of Lyon Cancer Center, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Varghese John
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology & Easton Center for AD Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dale E Bredesen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology & Easton Center for AD Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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192
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APP Modulates Aβ-Induced Activation of Microglia in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2017; 37:238-240. [PMID: 28077703 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3122-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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193
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Uchida Y, Gomi F. The role of calsyntenin-3 in dystrophic neurite formation in Alzheimer's disease brain. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 16 Suppl 1:43-50. [PMID: 27018282 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) oligomers may play an important role in the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: cognitive impairment caused by synaptic dysfunction. Dystrophic neurites surrounding Aβ plaques, another pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease, are plaque-associated neuritic alterations preceding the appearance of synaptic loss. In the present review, we focus on the mechanism of dystrophic neurite formation by Aß oligomers, and discuss the neurotoxic role of Aβ-induced calsyntenin-3 in mediating dystrophic neurite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Uchida
- Research Team for Aging Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujiya Gomi
- Research Team for Aging Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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194
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Hosseini N, Alaei H, Reisi P, Radahmadi M. The effects of NBM- lesion on synaptic plasticity in rats. Brain Res 2017; 1655:122-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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195
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. The "amyloid hypothesis" is one of the predominant hypotheses for the pathogenesis of AD. Besides, tau protein accumulation, calcium homeostasis disruption, and glial cell activation are also remarkable features in AD. Recently, there are some reports showing that TRPC channels may function in AD development, especially TRPC6. In this chapter, we will discuss the evidence for the involvement of TRPC channels in Alzheimer's disease and the potential of therapeutics for AD based on TRPC channels.
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196
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Ishizuka Y, Hanamura K. Drebrin in Alzheimer’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1006:203-223. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56550-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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197
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Fang D, Zhang Z, Li H, Yu Q, Douglas JT, Bratasz A, Kuppusamy P, Yan SS. Increased Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Signal Correlates with Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in an Alzheimer's disease Mouse Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:571-80. [PMID: 26890765 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by cognitive decline and memory loss. The pathological features are amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Many studies have suggested that oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important mechanism for AD progression. Our recent study demonstrated that oxidative stress could further impair mitochondrial function. In the present study, we adopted a transgenic mouse model of AD (mAPP, overexpressing AβPP/Aβ in neurons) and performed redox measurements using in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging with methoxycarbamyl-proxyl (MCP) as a redox-sensitive probe for studying oxidative stress in an early stage of pathology in a transgenic AD mouse model. Through assessing oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and cognitive behaviors of mAPP mice at the age of 8-9 months, we found that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction appeared in the early onset of AD. Increased ROS levels were associated with defects of mitochondrial and cognitive dysfunction. Notably, the in vivo EPR method offers a unique way of assessing tissue oxidative stress in living animals under noninvasive conditions, and thus holds a potential for early diagnosis and monitoring the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Hang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, China
| | - Justin T Douglas
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Molecular Structures Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Anna Bratasz
- Small Animal Imaging Core, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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198
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Coisne C, Tilloy S, Monflier E, Wils D, Fenart L, Gosselet F. Cyclodextrins as Emerging Therapeutic Tools in the Treatment of Cholesterol-Associated Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2016; 21:E1748. [PMID: 27999408 PMCID: PMC6273856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, like atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are closely linked to alterations of cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, innovative pharmacological approaches aiming at counteracting cholesterol imbalance display promising therapeutic potential. However, these approaches need to take into account the existence of biological barriers such as intestinal and blood-brain barriers which participate in the organ homeostasis and are major defense systems against xenobiotics. Interest in cyclodextrins (CDs) as medicinal agents has increased continuously based on their ability to actively extract lipids from cell membranes and to provide suitable carrier system for drug delivery. Many novel CD derivatives are constantly generated with the objective to improve CD bioavailability, biocompatibility and therapeutic outcomes. Newly designed drug formulation complexes incorporating CDs as drug carriers have demonstrated better efficiency in treating cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. CD-based therapies as cholesterol-sequestrating agent have recently demonstrated promising advances with KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB in atherosclerosis as well as with the 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in clinical trials for Niemann-Pick type C disease. Based on this success, many investigations evaluating the therapeutical beneficial of CDs in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases are currently on-going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coisne
- Laboratoire de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, EA 2465, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Sébastien Tilloy
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), University Artois, CNRS, UMR 8181, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Eric Monflier
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), University Artois, CNRS, UMR 8181, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Daniel Wils
- ROQUETTE, Nutrition & Health R & D, 62136 Lestrem, France.
| | - Laurence Fenart
- Laboratoire de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, EA 2465, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, EA 2465, Lens, F-62300, France.
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199
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Kim J, Lee S, Choi BR, Yang H, Hwang Y, Park JHY, LaFerla FM, Han JS, Lee KW, Kim J. Sulforaphane epigenetically enhances neuronal BDNF expression and TrkB signaling pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27735126 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that supports the survival of existing neurons and encourages the growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses. We investigated the effect of sulforaphane, a hydrolysis product of glucoraphanin present in Brassica vegetables, on neuronal BDNF expression and its synaptic signaling pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS Mouse primary cortical neurons and a triple-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3 × Tg-AD) were used to study the effect of sulforaphane. Sulforaphane enhanced neuronal BDNF expression and increased levels of neuronal and synaptic molecules such as MAP2, synaptophysin, and PSD-95 in primary cortical neurons and 3 × Tg-AD mice. Sulforaphane elevated levels of synaptic TrkB signaling pathway components, including CREB, CaMKII, ERK, and Akt in both primary cortical neurons and 3 × Tg-AD mice. Sulforaphane increased global acetylation of histone 3 (H3) and H4, inhibited HDAC activity, and decreased the level of HDAC2 in primary cortical neurons. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that sulforaphane increased acetylated H3 and H4 at BDNF promoters, suggesting that sulforaphane regulates BDNF expression via HDAC inhibition. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that sulforaphane has the potential to prevent neuronal disorders such as Alzheimer's disease by epigenetically enhancing neuronal BDNF expression and its TrkB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisung Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ryoung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yang
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Hwang
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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200
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Palop JJ, Mucke L. Network abnormalities and interneuron dysfunction in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 17:777-792. [PMID: 27829687 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The function of neural circuits and networks can be controlled, in part, by modulating the synchrony of their components' activities. Network hypersynchrony and altered oscillatory rhythmic activity may contribute to cognitive abnormalities in Alzheimer disease (AD). In this condition, network activities that support cognition are altered decades before clinical disease onset, and these alterations predict future pathology and brain atrophy. Although the precise causes and pathophysiological consequences of these network alterations remain to be defined, interneuron dysfunction and network abnormalities have emerged as potential mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in AD and related disorders. Here, we explore the concept that modulating these mechanisms may help to improve brain function in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Palop
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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