151
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Ding C, Cheng S, Yuan F, Zhang C, Xian Y. Ratiometrically pH-Insensitive Upconversion Nanoprobe: Toward Simultaneously Quantifying Organellar Calcium and Chloride and Understanding the Interaction of the Two Ions in Lysosome Function. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10813-10823. [PMID: 35876218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium and chloride levels are closely related to lysosome dysfunction. However, the simultaneous measurement of calcium (Ca2+) and chloride (Cl-) in acidic subcellular organelles, which is conducive to a deep understanding of lysosome-related biological events, remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a pH-insensitive, ratiometric NIR nanoprobe for the simultaneous detection of Ca2+ and Cl- in acidic lysosomes and determined the roles of the two ions in lysosome function. The upconversion nanoprobe with blue, green, and red emissions was modified with a Ca2+-sensitive dye (Rhod-5N) and Cl--responsive fluorophore (10,10'-bis[3-carboxypropyl]-9,9'-biacridinium dinitrate, BAC). As a result of a dual-luminescence resonance energy transfer between upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and Rhod-5N/BAC, the blue and green upconversion luminescence (UCL) of UCNPs were quenched and the red UCL was used as the reference signal. The ratiometric upconversion nanoprobe possesses a specific ability for the concurrent recognition of Ca2+ and Cl- ions independent of the influence of the environmental pH. To locate the probe in the lysosome, dextran was further modified with upconversion nanoparticles. Then, the nanoprobe with a high spatial resolution was constructed for the simultaneous monitoring of Ca2+ and Cl- in acidic lysosomes. Moreover, it was found that the reduction of lysosomal Cl- affects the release of lysosomal Ca2+, which further blocks the activities of specific lysosomal enzymes. The ratiometric NIR nanoprobe has great potential for decoding and evaluating lysosomal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiping Ding
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shasha Cheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuezhong Xian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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152
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Zhang F, Wu Z, Long F, Tan J, Gong N, Li X, Lin C. The Roles of ATP13A2 Gene Mutations Leading to Abnormal Aggregation of α-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:927682. [PMID: 35875356 PMCID: PMC9296842 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.927682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. PARK9 (also known as ATP13A2) is recognized as one of the key genes that cause PD, and a mutation in this gene was first discovered in a rare case of PD in an adolescent. Lewy bodies (LBs) formed by abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein, which is encoded by the SNCA gene, are one of the pathological diagnostic criteria for PD. LBs are also recognized as one of the most important features of PD pathogenesis. In this article, we first summarize the types of mutations in the ATP13A2 gene and their effects on ATP13A2 mRNA and protein structure; then, we discuss lysosomal autophagy inhibition and the molecular mechanism of abnormal α-synuclein accumulation caused by decreased levels and dysfunction of the ATP13A2 protein in lysosomes. Finally, this article provides a new direction for future research on the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets for ATP13A2 gene-related PD from the perspective of ATP13A2 gene mutations and abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine of Hunan Province, Center for Medical Genetics, Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ni Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Changwei Lin, orcid.org/0000-0003-1676-0912
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153
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Parkinson's disease-risk protein TMEM175 is a proton-activated proton channel in lysosomes. Cell 2022; 185:2292-2308.e20. [PMID: 35750034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes require an acidic lumen between pH 4.5 and 5.0 for effective digestion of macromolecules. This pH optimum is maintained by proton influx produced by the V-ATPase and efflux through an unidentified "H+ leak" pathway. Here we show that TMEM175, a genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), mediates the lysosomal H+ leak by acting as a proton-activated, proton-selective channel on the lysosomal membrane (LyPAP). Acidification beyond the normal range potently activated LyPAP to terminate further acidification of lysosomes. An endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acid and synthetic agonists also activated TMEM175 to trigger lysosomal proton release. TMEM175 deficiency caused lysosomal over-acidification, impaired proteolytic activity, and facilitated α-synuclein aggregation in vivo. Mutational and pH normalization analyses indicated that the channel's H+ conductance is essential for normal lysosome function. Thus, modulation of LyPAP by cellular cues may dynamically tune the pH optima of endosomes and lysosomes to regulate lysosomal degradation and PD pathology.
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154
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Bell CJ, Gupta N, Tremblay KD, Mager J. Borcs6 is required for endo-lysosomal degradation during early development. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:337-350. [PMID: 35726782 PMCID: PMC9391301 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Early development and differentiation require precise control of cellular functions. Lysosomal degradation is a critical component of normal cellular homeostasis, allowing for degradation of signaling molecules, proteins, and other macromolecules for cellular remodeling and signaling. Little is known about the role of lysosomal function in mammalian embryos before gastrulation. Borcs6 is a protein involved in lysosomal trafficking as well as endo-lysosomal and autophagosome fusion. Here, we show that Borcs6 is necessary for efficient endo-lysosomal degradation in the early embryo. Although embryos lacking Borcs6 are developmentally comparable to control littermates at E5.5, they are characterized by large cells containing increased levels of late endosomes and abnormal nuclei. Furthermore, these embryos display a skewed ratio of extraembryonic and embryonic cell lineages, are delayed by E6.5, and do not undergo normal gastrulation. These results demonstrate the essential functions of lysosomal positioning and fusion with endosomes during early embryonic development and indicate that the early lethality of BORCS6 mutant embryos is primarily due to defects in the HOPS-related function of BORC rather than lysosomal positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Bell
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neha Gupta
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly D Tremblay
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jesse Mager
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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155
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Cozzi M, Ferrari V. Autophagy Dysfunction in ALS: from Transport to Protein Degradation. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1456-1481. [PMID: 35708843 PMCID: PMC9293831 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). Since the identification of the first ALS mutation in 1993, more than 40 genes have been associated with the disorder. The most frequent genetic causes of ALS are represented by mutated genes whose products challenge proteostasis, becoming unable to properly fold and consequently aggregating into inclusions that impose proteotoxic stress on affected cells. In this context, increasing evidence supports the central role played by autophagy dysfunctions in the pathogenesis of ALS. Indeed, in early stages of disease, high levels of proteins involved in autophagy are present in ALS MNs; but at the same time, with neurodegeneration progression, autophagy-mediated degradation decreases, often as a result of the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in affected cells. Autophagy is a complex multistep pathway that has a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Several proteins are involved in its tight regulation, and importantly a relevant fraction of ALS-related genes encodes products that directly take part in autophagy, further underlining the relevance of this key protein degradation system in disease onset and progression. In this review, we report the most relevant findings concerning ALS genes whose products are involved in the several steps of the autophagic pathway, from phagophore formation to autophagosome maturation and transport and finally to substrate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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156
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Yang L, Liu Y, Yue M, Li P, Liu Y, Ye F, Fu Y. A Multifunctional and Fast-Response Lysosome-Targetable Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring pH and Isoxaflutole. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116256. [PMID: 35682934 PMCID: PMC9181397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A new chemosensor, namely N-(2-morpholinoethyl)acetamide-4-morpholine-1,8-naphthimide (MMN), was designed and synthesized through an amidation reaction. MMN was fabricated as a multifunctional fluorescent probe for monitoring pH and isoxaflutole. MMN exhibited excellent stability in MeCN/H2O (v/v, 9/1), with an obvious "off-on" fluorescence response toward pH changes due to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), where the linear response ranges of MMN in the weakly acidic system were from 4.2 to 5.0 and from 5.0 to 6.0 with apparent pKa = 4.62 ± 0.02 and 5.43 ± 0.02. Based on morpholine as the lysosome targetable unit, MMN could selectively locate lysosomes in live cells. MMN also successfully detected the presence of H+ in test papers. Finally, MMN could specifically recognize isoxaflutole at a detection limit of 0.88 μM. A possible sensing mechanism was identified based on density function theory calculations. These results indicate that MMN could be a superior potential chemosensor for detecting pH and isoxaflutole selectively and sensitively and could be used in real sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fei Ye
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Ying Fu
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (Y.F.)
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157
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Yang S, Liu T, Hu C, Li W, Meng Y, Li H, Song C, He C, Zhou Y, Fan Y. Ginsenoside Compound K Protects against Obesity through Pharmacological Targeting of Glucocorticoid Receptor to Activate Lipophagy and Lipid Metabolism. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061192. [PMID: 35745765 PMCID: PMC9231161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) plays a key role in lipid metabolism, but investigations of GR activation as a potential therapeutic approach have been hampered by a lack of selective agonists. Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is natural small molecule with a steroid-like structure that offers a variety of therapeutic benefits. Our study validates CK as a novel GR agonist for the treatment of obesity. (2) Methods: By using pulldown and RNA interference, we determined that CK binds to GR. The anti-obesity potential effects of CK were investigated in obese mice, including through whole-body energy homeostasis, glucose and insulin tolerance, and biochemical and proteomic analysis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified GR binding sites upstream of lipase ATGL. (3) Results: We demonstrated that CK reduced the weight and blood lipids of mice more significantly than the drug Orlistat. Proteomics data showed that CK up-regulated autophagy regulatory proteins, enhanced fatty acid oxidation proteins, and decreased fatty acid synthesis proteins. CK induced lipophagy with the initial formation of the phagophore via AMPK/ULK1 activation. However, a blockade of autophagy did not disturb the increase in CK on lipase expression, suggesting that autophagy and lipase are independent pathways in the function of CK. The pulldown and siRNA experiments showed that GR is the critical target. After binding to GR, CK not only activated lipophagy, but also promoted the binding of GR to the ATGL promoter. (4) Conclusions: Our findings indicate that CK is a natural food candidate for reducing fat content and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Ting Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Chenxing Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Weili Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Yuhan Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Haiyang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Congcong He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yuying Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (S.Y.); (T.L.); (C.H.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (H.L.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.F.)
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158
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SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 6 triggers NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis by targeting ATP6AP1. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1240-1254. [PMID: 34997207 PMCID: PMC9177730 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent mutation analysis suggested that Non-Structural Protein 6 (NSP6) of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a key determinant of the viral pathogenicity. Here, by transcriptome analysis, we demonstrated that the inflammasome-related NOD-like receptor signaling was activated in SARS-CoV-2-infected lung epithelial cells and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients' lung tissues. The induction of inflammasomes/pyroptosis in patients with severe COVID-19 was confirmed by serological markers. Overexpression of NSP6 triggered NLRP3/ASC-dependent caspase-1 activation, interleukin-1β/18 maturation, and pyroptosis of lung epithelial cells. Upstream, NSP6 impaired lysosome acidification to inhibit autophagic flux, whose restoration by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, metformin or polydatin abrogated NSP6-induced pyroptosis. NSP6 directly interacted with ATP6AP1, a vacuolar ATPase proton pump component, and inhibited its cleavage-mediated activation. L37F NSP6 variant, which was associated with asymptomatic COVID-19, exhibited reduced binding to ATP6AP1 and weakened ability to impair lysosome acidification to induce pyroptosis. Consistently, infection of cultured lung epithelial cells with live SARS-CoV-2 resulted in autophagic flux stagnation, inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis. Overall, this work supports that NSP6 of SARS-CoV-2 could induce inflammatory cell death in lung epithelial cells, through which pharmacological rectification of autophagic flux might be therapeutically exploited.
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159
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Halcrow PW, Kumar N, Quansah DNK, Baral A, Liang B, Geiger JD. Endolysosome Iron Chelation Inhibits HIV-1 Protein-Induced Endolysosome De-Acidification-Induced Increases in Mitochondrial Fragmentation, Mitophagy, and Cell Death. Cells 2022; 11:1811. [PMID: 35681506 PMCID: PMC9180803 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
People with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (PLWH) experience high rates of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs); clinical symptoms range from being asymptomatic to experiencing HIV-associated dementia. Antiretroviral therapies have effectively prolonged the life expectancy related to PLWH; however, the prevalence of HANDs has increased. Implicated in the pathogenesis of HANDs are two HIV-1 proteins, transactivator of transcription (Tat) and gp120; both are neurotoxic and damage mitochondria. The thread-like morphological features of functional mitochondria become fragmented when levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase, and ROS can be generated via Fenton-like chemistry in the presence of ferrous iron (Fe2+). Endolysosomes are central to iron trafficking in cells and contain readily releasable Fe2+ stores. However, it is unclear whether the endolysosome store is sufficient to account for insult-induced increases in levels of ROS, mitochondrial fragmentation, autophagy, and cell death. Using U87MG astrocytoma and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we determined that chloroquine (CQ), Tat, and gp120 all (1) de-acidified endolysosomes, (2) decreased endolysosome numbers and increased endolysosome sizes, (3) increased mitochondrial numbers (fragmentation), (4) increased autophagosome numbers, (5) increased autolysosome numbers, (6) increased mitochondrial fragments within endolysosomes, and (7) increased cell death. These effects were all blocked by the endolysosome-specific iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO). Thus, the endolysosome de-acidification-induced release of endolysosome Fe2+ is sufficient to account for inter-organellar signaling events and cell biology consequences of HIV-1 proteins, including mitochondrial fragmentation, autophagy, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan D. Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Room 110, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA; (P.W.H.); (N.K.); (D.N.K.Q.); (A.B.); (B.L.)
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160
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Jiang T. Identification of the genetic central dogma in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by osteoinductive medium from transcriptional data sets. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2022; 8:218-228. [PMID: 36161200 PMCID: PMC9481875 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic central dogma (GCD) has been demonstrated its essential function in many biological processes and diseases. However, its roles in the process of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain unclear. Methods In this project, we analyzed an online database of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs after 14 days and 28 days by osteoinductive medium (GSE83770). The differentially expressed genes were screened by GEO2R, with further conducting of KEGG pathways using DAVID. In addition, protein–protein interactions of the enriched pathways were performed using STRING with marked hub genes measured by the CytoHubba. Hub genes were verified by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Results showed that six pathways related to GCD, including DNA replication, Aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, Mismatch repair, Ribosome, Spliceosome, and RNA degradation pathways enriched in the early stage (14 days vs. undifferentiated MSCs) of osteogenesis. The Lysosome pathway was highly enriched in the late stage (28 vs. 14 days) of osteogenesis, and Ribosome pathway plays a key role throughout the entire process (28 days vs. undifferentiated MSCs) of osteogenesis. Conclusion Both DNA replication and protein translation were functionally worked in the early stage of osteogenesis, whereas the Lysosome pathway was the only GCD‐related one in the late stage of osteogenesis. The GCD‐related Ribosome pathway occupied the entire process of osteogenesis. We identified six pathways associated with genetic central dogma (DNA replication, Aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, Mismatch repair, Ribosome, Spliceosome, and RNA degradation pathways), which participated in the early stage of osteogenesis (0−14 days). The Lysosome pathway plays a crucial role in the late stage of osteogenesis (14–28 days), whereas the Ribosome pathway participates in the entire process (28 days vs. undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells) of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong‐Meng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
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161
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Kolter J, Henneke P, Groß O, Kierdorf K, Prinz M, Graf L, Schwemmle M. Paradoxical immunodeficiencies-When failures of innate immunity cause immunopathology. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1419-1430. [PMID: 35551651 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity facilitates immediate defense against invading pathogens throughout all organs and tissues but also mediates tissue homeostasis and repair, thereby playing a key role in health and development. Recognition of pathogens is mediated by germline-encoded PRRs. Depending on the specific PRRs triggered, ligand binding leads to phagocytosis and pathogen killing and the controlled release of immune-modulatory factors such as IFNs, cytokines, or chemokines. PRR-mediated and other innate immune responses do not only prevent uncontrolled replication of intruding pathogens but also contribute to the tailoring of an effective adaptive immune response. Therefore, hereditary or acquired immunodeficiencies impairing innate responses may paradoxically cause severe immunopathology in patients. This can occur in the context of, but also independently of an increased microbial burden. It can include pathogen-dependent organ damage, autoinflammatory syndromes, and neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the current state of research of several different such immune paradoxes. Understanding the underlying mechanisms causing immunopathology as a consequence of failures of innate immunity may help to prevent life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kolter
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kierdorf
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Graf
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Moca EN, Lecca D, Hope KT, Etienne F, Schaler AW, Espinoza K, Chappell MS, Gray DT, Tweedie D, Sidhu S, Masukawa L, Sitoy H, Mathew R, Saban DR, Greig NH, De Biase LM. Microglia Drive Pockets of Neuroinflammation in Middle Age. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3896-3918. [PMID: 35396327 PMCID: PMC9097782 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1922-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, microglia produce inflammatory factors, show reduced tissue surveillance, altered interactions with synapses, and prolonged responses to CNS insults, positioning these cells to have profound impact on the function of nearby neurons. We and others recently showed that microglial attributes differ significantly across brain regions in young adult mice. However, the degree to which microglial properties vary during aging is largely unexplored. Here, we analyze and manipulate microglial aging within the basal ganglia, brain circuits that exhibit prominent regional microglial heterogeneity and where neurons are vulnerable to functional decline and neurodegenerative disease. In male and female mice, we demonstrate that VTA and SNc microglia exhibit unique and premature responses to aging, compared with cortex and NAc microglia. This is associated with localized VTA/SNc neuroinflammation that may compromise synaptic function as early as middle age. Surprisingly, systemic inflammation, local neuron death, and astrocyte aging do not appear to underlie these early aging responses of VTA and SNc microglia. Instead, we found that microglial lysosome status was tightly linked to early aging of VTA microglia. Microglial ablation/repopulation normalized VTA microglial lysosome swelling and suppressed increases in VTA microglial density during aging. In contrast, CX3CR1 receptor KO exacerbated VTA microglial lysosome rearrangements and VTA microglial proliferation during aging. Our findings reveal a previously unappreciated regional variation in onset and magnitude of microglial proliferation and inflammatory factor production during aging and highlight critical links between microglial lysosome status and local microglial responses to aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Microglia are CNS cells that are equipped to regulate neuronal health and function throughout the lifespan. We reveal that microglia in select brain regions begin to proliferate and produce inflammatory factors in late middle age, months before microglia in other brain regions. These findings demonstrate that CNS neuroinflammation during aging is not uniform. Moreover, they raise the possibility that local microglial responses to aging play a critical role in determining which populations of neurons are most vulnerable to functional decline and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Moca
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Keenan T Hope
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Fanny Etienne
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Ari W Schaler
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Katherine Espinoza
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Megan S Chappell
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Daniel T Gray
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - David Tweedie
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Shanaya Sidhu
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Lindsay Masukawa
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Hannah Sitoy
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Rose Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Lindsay M De Biase
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
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163
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Du K, Shi J, Cheng S, Hang S, Ding Z, Liu S, Li D. Upregulation of the TFEB-mediated lysosome function relieves 4-Hydroxynonenal-Induced apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 362:109963. [PMID: 35550146 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), the most toxic end-product of lipid peroxidation formed during oxidative stress, has been implicated in many diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, myocardial diseases, cancer and age-related diseases. 4-HNE can actively react with DNA, proteins and lipids, causing rapid cell death. The accumulation of 4-HNE leads to induction of autophagy, which clears damaged proteins and organelles. However, the underlying mechanism of 4-HNE-regulated autophagy is still not known. Transcriptional factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal and autophagic functions, which we show here that TFEB is activated by 4-HNE. 4-HNE induces TFEB nuclear translocation and activated TFEB then upregulates the expression of genes required for autophagic and lysosomal biogenesis and function. Reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ are required in this process and TFEB activity is required for 4-HNE-mediated lysosomal function. Most importantly, genetic inhibition of TFEB (TFEB-KO) exacerbates 4-HNE-induced cell death, suggesting that TFEB is essential for cellular adaptive response to 4-HNE-induced cell damage. Hence, targeting TFEB to promote autophagic and lysosomal function may represent a promising approach to treat neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases in which 4-HNE accumulation has been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiahui Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shixue Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shuqi Hang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zongxian Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Dan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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164
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Gericke B, Wienböker I, Brandes G, Löscher W. Is P-Glycoprotein Functionally Expressed in the Limiting Membrane of Endolysosomes? A Biochemical and Ultrastructural Study in the Rat Liver. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091556. [PMID: 35563868 PMCID: PMC9102269 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp; ABCB1) plays an important role in drug absorption, disposition, and elimination. There is an ongoing debate whether, in addition to its localization at the plasma membrane, Pgp may also be expressed at the limiting membrane of endolysosomes (ELs), mediating active EL drug sequestration. If true, this would be an important mechanism to prevent drugs from reaching their intracellular targets. However, direct evidence demonstrating the functional expression of Pgp at the limiting membrane of ELs is lacking. This prompted us to perform a biochemical and ultrastructural study on the intracellular localization of Pgp in native rat liver. For this purpose, we established an improved subcellular fractionation procedure for the enrichment of ELs and employed different biochemical and ultrastructural methods to characterize the Pgp localization and function in the enriched EL fractions. Whereas the biochemical methods seemed to indicate that Pgp is functionally expressed at EL limiting membranes, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that this only occurs rarely, if at all. Instead, Pgp was found in the limiting membrane of early endosomes and intraluminal vesicles. In additional TEM experiments, using a Pgp-overexpressing brain microvessel endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3-MDR1-EGFP), we examined whether Pgp is expressed at the limiting membrane of ELs when cells are exposed to high levels of the Pgp substrate doxorubicin. Pgp was seen in early endosomes but only rarely in endolysosomes, whereas Pgp immunogold labeling was detected in large autophagosomes. In summary, our data demonstrate the importance of combining biochemical and ultrastructural methods to investigate the relationship between Pgp localization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.G.); (I.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Inka Wienböker
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.G.); (I.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Brandes
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.G.); (I.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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165
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Jethava KP, Prakash P, Manchanda P, Arora H, Chopra G. One Scaffold, Different Organelle Sensors: pH-Activable Fluorescent Probes for Targeting Live Microglial Cell Organelles. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100378. [PMID: 34585478 PMCID: PMC9835645 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Targeting live cell organelles is essential for imaging, understanding, and controlling specific biochemical processes. Typically, fluorescent probes with distinct structural scaffolds are used to target specific cell organelles. Here, we have designed a modular one-step synthetic strategy using a common reaction intermediate to develop new lysosomal, mitochondrial, and nucleus-targeting pH-activable fluorescent probes that are all based on a single boron dipyrromethane scaffold. The divergent cell organelle targeting was achieved by synthesizing probes with specific functional group changes to the central scaffold resulting in differential fluorescence and pKa . Specifically, we show that the functional group transformation of the same scaffold influences cellular localization and specificity of pH-activable fluorescent probes in live primary microglial cells with pKa values ranging from ∼3.2-6.0. We introduce a structure-organelle-relationship (SOR) framework to target nuclei (NucShine), lysosomes (LysoShine), and mitochondria (MitoShine) in live microglia. This work will result in future applications of SOR beyond imaging to target and control organelle-specific biochemical processes in disease-specific models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupal P. Jethava
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA)
| | - Priya Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA)
| | - Palak Manchanda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA)
| | - Harshit Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA)
| | - Gaurav Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA),Purdue University, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA),Purdue University, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA),Purdue University, Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA),Purdue University, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA),Purdue University, Integrative Data Science Initiative, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA)
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166
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Sokolova TV, Rychkova MP, Basova NE, Yefimova MG. Vitamin D3 Inhibits Phagocytic Activity of Rat Brain Astrocytes in Primary Culture. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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167
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Du X, Li N, Chen Q, Wu Z, Zhai J, Xie X. Perspective on fluorescence cell imaging with ionophore-based ion-selective nano-optodes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:031301. [PMID: 35698631 PMCID: PMC9188459 DOI: 10.1063/5.0090599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic ions are ubiquitous in all kinds of cells with highly dynamic spatial and temporal distribution. Taking advantage of different types of fluorescent probes, fluorescence microscopic imaging and quantitative analysis of ion concentrations in cells have rapidly advanced. A family of fluorescent nanoprobes based on ionophores has emerged in recent years with the potential to establish a unique platform for the analysis of common biological ions including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and so on. This article aims at providing a retrospect and outlook of ionophore-based ion-selective nanoprobes and the applications in cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Niping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qinghan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zeying Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Jingying Zhai
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
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168
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Hernandez GA, Perera RM. Autophagy in cancer cell remodeling and quality control. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1514-1527. [PMID: 35452618 PMCID: PMC9119670 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As one of the two highly conserved cellular degradation systems, autophagy plays a critical role in regulation of protein, lipid, and organelle quality control and cellular homeostasis. This evolutionarily conserved pathway singles out intracellular substrates for elimination via encapsulation within a double-membrane vesicle and delivery to the lysosome for degradation. Multiple cancers disrupt normal regulation of autophagy and hijack its degradative ability to remodel their proteome, reprogram their metabolism, and adapt to environmental challenges, making the autophagy-lysosome system a prime target for anti-cancer interventions. Here, we discuss the roles of autophagy in tumor progression, including cancer-specific mechanisms of autophagy regulation and the contribution of tumor and host autophagy in metabolic regulation, immune evasion, and malignancy. We further discuss emerging proteomics-based approaches for systematic profiling of autophagosome-lysosome composition and contents. Together, these approaches are uncovering new features and functions of autophagy, leading to more effective strategies for targeting this pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Hernandez
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Pathology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Pathology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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169
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A Reliable Approach for Revealing Molecular Targets in Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094615. [PMID: 35563005 PMCID: PMC9103194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) imaging is a rapidly growing field in biological sciences, which enables investigators to describe the chemical composition of cells and tissues with high resolution. One of the major challenges of nanoSIMS is to identify specific molecules or organelles, as these are not immediately recognizable in nanoSIMS and need to be revealed by SIMS-compatible probes. Few laboratories have generated such probes, and none are commercially available. To address this, we performed a systematic study of probes initially developed for electron microscopy. Relying on nanoscale SIMS, we found that antibodies coupled to 6 nm gold particles are surprisingly efficient in terms of labeling specificity while offering a reliable detection threshold. These tools enabled accurate visualization and sample analysis and were easily employed in correlating SIMS with other imaging approaches, such as fluorescence microscopy. We conclude that antibodies conjugated to moderately sized gold particles are promising tools for SIMS imaging.
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170
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Hulsurkar MM, Lahiri SK, Karch J, Wang MC, Wehrens XH. Targeting calcium-mediated inter-organellar crosstalk in cardiac diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:303-317. [PMID: 35426759 PMCID: PMC9081256 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2067479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal calcium signaling between organelles such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), mitochondria and lysosomes is a key feature of heart diseases. Calcium serves as a secondary messenger mediating inter-organellar crosstalk, essential for maintaining the cardiomyocyte function. AREAS COVERED This article examines the available literature related to calcium channels and transporters involved in inter-organellar calcium signaling. The SR calcium-release channels ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and calcium-transporter SR/ER-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) are illuminated. The roles of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), the mitochondria Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUC), and the lysosomal H+/Ca2+ exchanger, two pore channels (TPC), and transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) are discussed. Furthermore, recent studies showing calcium-mediated crosstalk between the SR, mitochondria, and lysosomes as well as how this crosstalk is dysregulated in cardiac diseases are placed under the spotlight. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced SR calcium release via RyR2 and reduced SR reuptake via SERCA2a, increased VDAC and MCUC-mediated calcium uptake into mitochondria, and enhanced lysosomal calcium-release via lysosomal TPC and TRPML may all contribute to aberrant calcium homeostasis causing heart disease. While mechanisms of this crosstalk need to be studied further, interventions targeting these calcium channels or combinations thereof might represent a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit M. Hulsurkar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
| | - Satadru K. Lahiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
| | - Jason Karch
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
| | - Meng C. Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Huffington Center on Aging
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Xander H.T. Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
- Dept. of Medicine (Cardiology)
- Dept. of Neuroscience
- Dept. of Pediatrics (Cardiology)
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171
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Santos SACS, Persechini PM, Henriques-Santos BM, Bello-Santos VG, Castro NG, Costa de Sousa J, Genta FA, Santiago MF, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB, Kurtenbach E. P2X7 Receptor Triggers Lysosomal Leakage Through Calcium Mobilization in a Mechanism Dependent on Pannexin-1 Hemichannels. Front Immunol 2022; 13:752105. [PMID: 35222364 PMCID: PMC8863609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.752105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a critical purinergic receptor in immune cells. Its activation was associated with cathepsin release into macrophage cytosol, suggesting its involvement in lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and leakage. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which P2X7 receptor activation induces LMP and leakage are unclear. This study investigated cellular mechanisms associated with endosomal and lysosomal leakage triggered by P2X7 receptor activation. We found that ATP at 500 μM and 5 mM (but not 50 μM) induced LMP in non-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. This effect was not observed in P2X7-deficient or A740003-pretreated macrophages. We found that the P2X7 receptor and pannexin-1 channels mediate calcium influx that might be important for activating specific ion channels (TRPM2 and two-pore channels) on the membranes of late endosomes and lysosomes leading to LMP leakage and consequent cathepsin release. These findings suggest the critical role of the P2X7 receptor in inflammatory and infectious diseases via lysosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Alexia Cristina Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Proteins, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Muanis Persechini
- Laboratory of Immuno-Biophysics, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Monteiro Henriques-Santos
- Laboratory of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IOC-FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victória Gabriela Bello-Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Newton G Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Júlia Costa de Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Proteins, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ariel Genta
- Laboratory of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IOC-FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Felippe Santiago
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Proteins, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Kurtenbach
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Proteins, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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172
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Chen H, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang W, He H, Du B, Li T, Tang H, Liu Y, Li L, Shi M. Transcriptome Changes and Potential Immunotoxicity Analysis in RAW264.7 Macrophages Caused by Bisphenol F. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:846562. [PMID: 35387338 PMCID: PMC8978606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.846562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a viable substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), BPF has been widely used in the plastic industry and daily consumer goods, resulting in its detection in humans at a comparable concentration. Evidence reveals that BPF and BPA may have similar toxic effects due to their similar structures. However, there is less information about BPF and its latent implications on the immune system, which is associated with many disorders. In this study, the in vitro toxicity of BPF on RAW264.7 macrophages was explored. The cells were treated with different concentrations of BPF (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 μM), the cell viability and apoptosis were detected, the gene expression profile was analyzed by whole-transcriptome sequencing, and the mRNA levels were detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed a high concentration of BPF could significantly reduce the survival rate of RAW264.7 macrophages. Although the medium concentration (20–50 μM) of BPF seemed to have no impact on the cell activity of macrophages, it caused the occurrence of apoptosis. The results of differential transcription showed that compared with the control group, 121 genes were upregulated and 82 genes were downregulated in the BPF group. The significantly changed gene functions were mainly concentrated in cell cycle, phagosome, lysosome, and antigen processing and presentation. These findings provide valuable information for correctly understanding the immunotoxicity risk of BPF and may help to improve the hazard identification of bisphenol compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanchao Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xing Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Haoqi He
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bohai Du
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Tianlan Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Dongguan Liaobu Hospital, Dongguan, China
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173
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Xu Z, Jiang Y, Shen Y, Tang L, Hu Z, Lin G, Law WC, Ma M, Dong B, Yong KT, Xu G, Tao Y, Chen R, Yang C. A biocompatible photosensitizer with a high intersystem crossing efficiency for precise two-photon photodynamic therapy. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1283-1292. [PMID: 35170613 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01869h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic efficiency is strongly dependent on the generation rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the tissue penetration depth. Recent advances in materials science reveal that organic molecules with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) can potentially serve as efficient photosensitizers owing to their limited dark cytotoxicity and abundant triplet excitons upon light irradiation. In this study, we combine RTP materials with two-photon excitation to improve the ROS generation, therapeutic precision, and tissue penetration of photodynamic therapy. We successfully prepared a novel RTP-based photosensitizer (BF2DCz) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 47.7 ± 3% and a remarkable intersystem crossing efficiency of ∼90.3%. By encapsulation into the bovine serum albumin (BSA) matrix, BF2DCz-BSA exhibits excellent biocompatibility, negligible dark toxicity, and superior photostability. Excitation using a femtosecond laser causes BF2DCz-BSA to efficiently generate ROS and precisely exert cell damage at the desired location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 1066th Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yihang Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 1066th Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 1066th Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Lele Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9th Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zulu Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 1066th Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Guimiao Lin
- Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, 1066th Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11th YukChoi Rd, Hong Hum, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mingze Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 1066th Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Biqin Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688th Nanhai Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 1066th Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9th Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Runfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9th Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 1066th Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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Roos NJ, Mancuso RV, Sanvee GM, Bouitbir J, Krähenbühl S. Imatinib disturbs lysosomal function and morphology and impairs the activity of mTORC1 in human hepatocyte cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 162:112869. [PMID: 35182693 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib and lapatinib are associated with severe hepatotoxicity, whose mechanisms are currently under investigation. As amphiphilic drugs, imatinib and lapatinib enrich in lysosomes. In the present study, we investigated their effects on lysosomal morphology and function in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells and explored possible links between lysosomal dysfunction and hepatotoxicity. Both TKIs increased the lysosomal volume time and concentration-dependently in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells. In HepG2 cells, lapatinib and imatinib raised the lysosomal pH and destabilized the lysosomal membrane, thereby impairing lysosomal proteolytic activity such as cathepsin B processing. Imatinib activated the transcription factor EB (TFEB), a regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and function, as demonstrated by nuclear TFEB accumulation and increased expression of TFEB-target genes. Because of lysosomal dysfunction, imatinib impaired mTORC1 activation, a protein complex activated on the lysosomal surface, which explained TFEB activation. HepG2 cells treated with imatinib showed increased levels of MAP1LC3A/B-II and of ATG13 (S318) phosphorylation, indicating induction of autophagy due to TFEB activation. Finally, imatinib induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner, explained by lysosomal and mitochondrial toxicity. Our findings provide a new lysosome-centered mechanism for imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity that could be extended to other lysosomotropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmi Johanna Roos
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland; Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Vincenzo Mancuso
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerda Mawududzi Sanvee
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland; Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland.
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175
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Halcrow PW, Kumar N, Afghah Z, Fischer JP, Khan N, Chen X, Meucci O, Geiger JD. Heterogeneity of ferrous iron-containing endolysosomes and effects of endolysosome iron on endolysosome numbers, sizes, and localization patterns. J Neurochem 2022; 161:69-83. [PMID: 35124818 PMCID: PMC9587899 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endolysosomes are key regulators of iron metabolism and are central to iron trafficking and redox signaling. Iron homeostasis is linked to endolysosome acidity and inhibition of endolysosome acidity triggers iron dysregulation. Because of the physiological importance and pathological relevance of ferrous iron (Fe2+ ), we determined levels of Fe2+ specifically and quantitatively in endolysosomes as well as the effects of Fe2+ on endolysosome morphology, distribution patterns, and function. The fluorescence dye FeRhoNox-1 was specific for Fe2+ and localized to endolysosomes in U87MG astrocytoma cells and primary rat cortical neurons; in U87MG cells the endolysosome concentration of Fe2+ ([Fe2+ ]el ) was 50.4 μM in control cells, 73.6 μM in ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) treated cells, and 12.4 μM in cells treated with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO). Under control conditions, in primary rat cortical neurons, [Fe2+ ]el was 32.7 μM. Endolysosomes containing the highest levels of Fe2+ were located perinuclearly. Treatment of cells with FAC resulted in endolysosomes that were less acidic, increased in numbers and sizes, and located further from the nucleus; opposite effects were observed for treatments with DFO. Thus, FeRhoNox-1 is a useful probe for the study of endolysosome Fe2+ , and much more work is needed to understand better the physiological significance and pathological relevance of endolysosomes classified according to their heterogeneous iron content Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. Halcrow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Nirmal Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Zahra Afghah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jalyn P. Fischer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Nabab Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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176
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Martucci LL, Cancela JM. Neurophysiological functions and pharmacological tools of acidic and non-acidic Ca2+ stores. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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177
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Chen CC, Krogsaeter E, Kuo CY, Huang MC, Chang SY, Biel M. Endolysosomal cation channels point the way towards precision medicine of cancer and infectious diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112751. [PMID: 35240524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases and cancer are among the key medical challenges that humankind is facing today. A growing amount of evidence suggests that ion channels in the endolysosomal system play a crucial role in the pathology of both groups of diseases. The development of advanced patch-clamp technologies has allowed us to directly characterize ion fluxes through endolysosomal ion channels in their native environments. Endolysosomes are essential organelles for intracellular transport, digestion and metabolism, and maintenance of homeostasis. The endolysosomal ion channels regulate the function of the endolysosomal system through four basic mechanisms: calcium release, control of membrane potential, pH change, and osmolarity regulation. In this review, we put particular emphasis on the endolysosomal cation channels, including TPC2 and TRPML2, which are particularly important in monocyte function. We discuss existing endogenous and synthetic ligands of these channels and summarize current knowledge of their impact on channel activity and function in different cell types. Moreover, we summarize recent findings on the importance of TPC2 and TRPML2 channels as potential drug targets for the prevention and treatment of the emerging infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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178
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Zheng W, Shen C, Wang L, Rawson S, Xie WJ, Nist-Lund C, Wu J, Shen Z, Xia S, Holt JR, Wu H, Fu TM. pH regulates potassium conductance and drives a constitutive proton current in human TMEM175. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm1568. [PMID: 35333573 PMCID: PMC8956256 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Human TMEM175, a noncanonical potassium (K+) channel in endolysosomes, contributes to their pH stability and is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Structurally, the TMEM175 family exhibits an architecture distinct from canonical potassium channels, as it lacks the typical TVGYG selectivity filter. Here, we show that human TMEM175 not only exhibits pH-dependent structural changes that reduce K+ permeation at acidic pH but also displays proton permeation. TMEM175 constitutively conducts K+ at pH 7.4 but displays reduced K+ permeation at lower pH. In contrast, proton current through TMEM175 increases with decreasing pH because of the increased proton gradient. Molecular dynamics simulation, structure-based mutagenesis, and electrophysiological analysis suggest that K+ ions and protons share the same permeation pathway. The M393T variant of human TMEM175 associated with PD shows reduced function in both K+ and proton permeation. Together, our structural and electrophysiological analysis reveals a mechanism of TMEM175 regulation by pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Longfei Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaun Rawson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wen Jun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Carl Nist-Lund
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason Wu
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhangfei Shen
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shiyu Xia
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Holt
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tian-Min Fu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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179
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Mittal A, Chauhan A. Aspects of Biological Replication and Evolution Independent of the Central Dogma: Insights from Protein-Free Vesicular Transformations and Protein-Mediated Membrane Remodeling. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:185-209. [PMID: 35333977 PMCID: PMC8951669 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological membrane remodeling is central to living systems. In spite of serving as “containers” of whole-living systems and functioning as dynamic compartments within living systems, biological membranes still find a “blue collar” treatment compared to the “white collar” nucleic acids and proteins in biology. This may be attributable to the fact that scientific literature on biological membrane remodeling is only 50 years old compared to ~ 150 years of literature on proteins and a little less than 100 years on nucleic acids. However, recently, evidence for symbiotic origins of eukaryotic cells from data only on biological membranes was reported. This, coupled with appreciation of reproducible amphiphilic self-assemblies in aqueous environments (mimicking replication), has already initiated discussions on origins of life beyond nucleic acids and proteins. This work presents a comprehensive compilation and meta-analyses of data on self-assembly and vesicular transformations in biological membranes—starting from model membranes to establishment of Influenza Hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion as a prototypical remodeling system to a thorough comparison between enveloped mammalian viruses and cellular vesicles. We show that viral membrane fusion proteins, in addition to obeying “stoichiometry-driven protein folding”, have tighter compositional constraints on their amino acid occurrences than general-structured proteins, regardless of type/class. From the perspective of vesicular assemblies and biological membrane remodeling (with and without proteins) we find that cellular vesicles are quite different from viruses. Finally, we propose that in addition to pre-existing thermodynamic frameworks, kinetic considerations in de novo formation of metastable membrane structures with available “third-party” constituents (including proteins) were not only crucial for origins of life but also continue to offer morphological replication and/or functional mechanisms in modern life forms, independent of the central dogma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mittal
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India. .,Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (SCFBio), IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Akanksha Chauhan
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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180
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Jain V, Bose S, Arya AK, Arif T. Lysosomes in Stem Cell Quiescence: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071618. [PMID: 35406389 PMCID: PMC8996909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are cellular organelles that regulate essential biological processes such as cellular homeostasis, development, and aging. They are primarily connected to the degradation/recycling of cellular macromolecules and participate in cellular trafficking, nutritional signaling, energy metabolism, and immune regulation. Therefore, lysosomes connect cellular metabolism and signaling pathways. Lysosome's involvement in the critical biological processes has rekindled clinical interest towards this organelle for treating various diseases, including cancer. Recent research advancements have demonstrated that lysosomes also regulate the maintenance and hemostasis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which play a critical role in the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other types of cancer. Lysosomes regulate both HSCs' metabolic networks and identity transition. AML is a lethal type of blood cancer with a poor prognosis that is particularly associated with aging. Although the genetic landscape of AML has been extensively described, only a few targeted therapies have been produced, warranting the need for further research. This review summarizes the functions and importance of targeting lysosomes in AML, while highlighting the significance of lysosomes in HSCs maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Jain
- Abramson Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Swaroop Bose
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Awadhesh K. Arya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-241-4143; Fax: +212-860-9279
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181
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Vargas G, Cortés O, Arias-Muñoz E, Hernández S, Cerda-Troncoso C, Hernández L, González AE, Tatham MH, Bustamante HA, Retamal C, Cancino J, Varas-Godoy M, Hay RT, Rojas-Fernández A, Cavieres VA, Burgos PV. Negative Modulation of Macroautophagy by Stabilized HERPUD1 is Counteracted by an Increased ER-Lysosomal Network With Impact in Drug-Induced Stress Cell Survival. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:743287. [PMID: 35309917 PMCID: PMC8924303 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.743287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system work as an interconnected network in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Indeed, efficient activation of macroautophagy upon nutritional deprivation is sustained by degradation of preexisting proteins by the proteasome. However, the specific substrates that are degraded by the proteasome in order to activate macroautophagy are currently unknown. By quantitative proteomic analysis we identified several proteins downregulated in response to starvation independently of ATG5 expression. Among them, the most significant was HERPUD1, an ER membrane protein with low expression and known to be degraded by the proteasome under normal conditions. Contrary, under ER stress, levels of HERPUD1 increased rapidly due to a blockage in its proteasomal degradation. Thus, we explored whether HERPUD1 stability could work as a negative regulator of autophagy. In this work, we expressed a version of HERPUD1 with its ubiquitin-like domain (UBL) deleted, which is known to be crucial for its proteasome degradation. In comparison to HERPUD1-WT, we found the UBL-deleted version caused a negative role on basal and induced macroautophagy. Unexpectedly, we found stabilized HERPUD1 promotes ER remodeling independent of unfolded protein response activation observing an increase in stacked-tubular structures resembling previously described tubular ER rearrangements. Importantly, a phosphomimetic S59D mutation within the UBL mimics the phenotype observed with the UBL-deleted version including an increase in HERPUD1 stability and ER remodeling together with a negative role on autophagy. Moreover, we found UBL-deleted version and HERPUD1-S59D trigger an increase in cellular size, whereas HERPUD1-S59D also causes an increased in nuclear size. Interestingly, ER remodeling by the deletion of the UBL and the phosphomimetic S59D version led to an increase in the number and function of lysosomes. In addition, the UBL-deleted version and phosphomimetic S59D version established a tight ER-lysosomal network with the presence of extended patches of ER-lysosomal membrane-contact sites condition that reveals an increase of cell survival under stress conditions. Altogether, we propose stabilized HERPUD1 downregulates macroautophagy favoring instead a closed interplay between the ER and lysosomes with consequences in drug-cell stress survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vargas
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar Cortés
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eloisa Arias-Muñoz
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Hernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Cerda-Troncoso
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Hernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis E González
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Michael H Tatham
- Center for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Hianara A Bustamante
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología Clínica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Retamal
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Center for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Rojas-Fernández
- Center for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.,Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Viviana A Cavieres
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile.,Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
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182
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Abstract
Cisplatin is the first line therapy for patients with head and neck cancer. However, resistance to cisplatin remains a major concern. High expression of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A in tumors portends poor survival in these patients, possibly because of drug resistance. Here, we show that TMEM16A drives the sequestration of cisplatin into lysosomes. Subsequently, cisplatin is expelled via the delivery of lysosomes to the cell surface. We show that TMEM16A enhances this process, thereby promoting cisplatin resistance. We also show that lysosomal inhibition synergizes with cisplatin to induce tumor cell death. Our data uncovers a new fundamental feature of both lysosomal physiology and cancer cell biology that can potentially impact the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is a devastating disease that continues to have low cure rates despite the recent advances in therapies. Cisplatin is the most used chemotherapy agent, and treatment failure is largely driven by resistance to this drug. Amplification of chromosomal band 11q13 occurs in ∼30% of SCCHN tumors. This region harbors the ANO1 gene that encodes the TMEM16A ion channel, which is responsible for calcium-activated chloride transport in epithelial tissues. TMEM16A overexpression is associated with cisplatin resistance, and high TMEM16A levels correlate with decreased survival. However, the mechanistic underpinning of this effect remains unknown. Lysosomal biogenesis and exocytosis have been implicated in cancer because of their roles in the clearance of damaged organelles and exocytosis of chemotherapeutic drugs and toxins. Here, we show that TMEM16A overexpression promotes lysosomal biogenesis and exocytosis, which is consistent with the expulsion of intracellular cisplatin. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we find that TMEM16A promotes lysosomal flux in a manner that requires reactive oxygen species, TRPML1, and the activation of the β-catenin–melanocyte-inducing transcription factor pathway. The lysosomal inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) synergizes with cisplatin in killing SCCHN cells in vitro. Using a murine model of SCCHN, we show that HCQ and cisplatin retard the growth of cisplatin-resistant patient-derived xenografts in vivo. We propose that TMEM16A enables cell survival by the up-regulation of lysosomal sequestration and exocytosis of the cytotoxic drugs. These results uncover a model of treatment for resistance in cancer, its reversal, and a role for TMEM16A.
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183
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Yim WWY, Yamamoto H, Mizushima N. Annexins A1 and A2 are recruited to larger lysosomal injuries independently of ESCRTs to promote repair. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:991-1003. [PMID: 35274304 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Damaged lysosomes can be repaired by calcium release-dependent recruitment of the ESCRT machinery. However, the involvement of annexins, another group of calcium-responding membrane repair proteins, has not been fully addressed. Here, we show that although all ubiquitously expressed annexins (ANXA1, A2, A4, A5, A6, A7, and A11) localize to damaged lysosomes, only ANXA1 and ANXA2 are important for repair. Their recruitment is calcium-dependent, ESCRT-independent, and selective towards lysosomes with large injuries. Lysosomal leakage was more severe when ANXA1 or ANXA2 was depleted compared to that of ESCRT components. These findings suggest that ANXA1 and ANXA2 constitute an additional repair mechanism that serves to minimize leakage from damaged lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willa Wen-You Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hayashi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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184
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Zifarelli G, Pusch M, Fong P. Altered voltage-dependence of slowly activating chloride-proton antiport by late endosomal ClC-6 explains distinct neurological disorders. J Physiol 2022; 600:2147-2164. [PMID: 35262198 DOI: 10.1113/jp282737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Ionic composition and pH within intracellular compartments, such as endo-lysosomes, rely on the activity of chloride/proton transporters including ClC-6. Distinct CLCN6 mutations previously were found in individuals with neurodegenerative disease, and also putatively associated with neuronal ceroidal lipofuscinosis. Limited knowledge of wild-type ClC-6 transport function impedes understanding of mechanisms underlying these conditions. We resolved transient and transport currents that permit measurement of voltage- and pH- dependences, as well as kinetics, for wild-type and disease-associated mutant ClC-6s. These findings define wild-type ClC-6 function robustly, and reveal how alterations of the slow activation gating of the transporter cause different kinds of neurological diseases. ABSTRACT ClC-6 is an intracellularly localized member of the CLC family of chloride transport proteins. It presumably functions in the endo-lysosomal compartment as a chloride-proton antiporter, despite a paucity of biophysical studies in direct support. Observations of lysosomal storage disease, as well as neurodegenerative disorders, emerge with its disruption by knockout or mutation, respectively. An incomplete understanding of wild type ClC-6 function obscures clear mechanistic insight into disease etiology. Here, high-resolution recording protocols that incorporate extreme voltage pulses permit detailed biophysical measurement and analysis of transient capacitive, as well as ionic transport currents. This approach reveals that wild type ClC-6 activation and transport require depolarization to voltages beyond 140 mV. Mutant Y553C associated with early-onset neurodegeneration exerts gain-of-function by shifting the half-maximal voltage for activation to less depolarized voltages. Moreover, we show that the E267A proton glutamate mutant conserves transport currents, albeit reduced. Lastly, the positive shift in activation voltage shown by V580M, a mutant identified in a patient with late- onset lysosomal storage disease, can explain loss-of-function leading to disease. Abstract figure legend CLC transport proteins comprise both channels and transporters. Vesicular CLC transporters function to regulate compartmental ionic homeostasis and acidification. ClC-6 is a vesicular CLC that localizes to the endo-lysosomal compartment. Functional plasma membrane overexpression of GFP-tagged ClC-6 in HEK293 cells surmounted spatial inaccessibility, and rapid whole cell patch recording protocols enabling resolution of fast capacitive transients, as well as ionic transport currents, provided details of wild-type ClC-6 biophysical properties including voltage-dependence, pH-dependence, and kinetics. Clearly defined wild-type ClC-6 function permitted subsequent comparative analysis of mutants, including but not limited to those pertinent to disease. These range from one causing severe, early-onset neurodegeneration, to two variants previously identified in Kufs disease, a late-onset lysosomal storage disease characterized by neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. These findings further inform models whereby disruption of ClC-6 biophysical properties set the stage for dysregulated compartmental homeostasis and hence, disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Zifarelli
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Genoa, Italy.,Present address: Centogene GmbH, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Peying Fong
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, USA
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185
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Current Methods to Unravel the Functional Properties of Lysosomal Ion Channels and Transporters. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060921. [PMID: 35326372 PMCID: PMC8946281 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A distinct set of channels and transporters regulates the ion fluxes across the lysosomal membrane. Malfunctioning of these transport proteins and the resulting ionic imbalance is involved in various human diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders, cancer, as well as metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. As a consequence, these proteins have stimulated strong interest for their suitability as possible drug targets. A detailed functional characterization of many lysosomal channels and transporters is lacking, mainly due to technical difficulties in applying the standard patch-clamp technique to these small intracellular compartments. In this review, we focus on current methods used to unravel the functional properties of lysosomal ion channels and transporters, stressing their advantages and disadvantages and evaluating their fields of applicability.
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186
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Gunaratne GS, Marchant JS. The ins and outs of virus trafficking through acidic Ca 2+ stores. Cell Calcium 2022; 102:102528. [PMID: 35033909 PMCID: PMC8860173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many viruses exploit host-cell Ca2+ signaling processes throughout their life cycle. This is especially relevant for viruses that translocate through the endolysosomal system, where cellular infection is keyed to the microenvironment of these acidic Ca2+ stores and Ca2+-dependent trafficking pathways. As regulators of the endolysosomal ionic milieu and trafficking dynamics, two families of endolysosomal Ca2+-permeable cation channels - two pore channels (TPCs) and transient receptor potential mucolipins (TRPMLs) - have emerged as important host-cell factors in viral entry. Here, we review: (i) current evidence implicating Ca2+ signaling in viral translocation through the endolysosomal system, (ii) the roles of these ion channels in supporting cellular infection by different viruses, and (iii) areas for future research that will help define the potential of TPC and TRPML ligands as progressible antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan S Gunaratne
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA.
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA
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187
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Dickinson MS, Lu J, Gupta M, Marten I, Hedrich R, Stroud RM. Molecular basis of multistep voltage activation in plant two-pore channel 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110936119. [PMID: 35210362 PMCID: PMC8892357 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110936119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels confer excitability to biological membranes, initiating and propagating electrical signals across large distances on short timescales. Membrane excitation requires channels that respond to changes in electric field and couple the transmembrane voltage to gating of a central pore. To address the mechanism of this process in a voltage-gated ion channel, we determined structures of the plant two-pore channel 1 at different stages along its activation coordinate. These high-resolution structures of activation intermediates, when compared with the resting-state structure, portray a mechanism in which the voltage-sensing domain undergoes dilation and in-membrane plane rotation about the gating charge-bearing helix, followed by charge translocation across the charge transfer seal. These structures, in concert with patch-clamp electrophysiology, show that residues in the pore mouth sense inhibitory Ca2+ and are allosterically coupled to the voltage sensor. These conformational changes provide insight into the mechanism of voltage-sensor domain activation in which activation occurs vectorially over a series of elementary steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Sasha Dickinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jinping Lu
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meghna Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Irene Marten
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert M Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;
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188
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Zhu D, Zhang T, Li Y, Huang C, Suo M, Xia L, Xu Y, Li G, Tang BZ. Tumor-derived exosomes co-delivering aggregation-induced emission luminogens and proton pump inhibitors for tumor glutamine starvation therapy and enhanced type-I photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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189
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Roberts BS, Yang CQ, Neher SB. Characterization of lipoprotein lipase storage vesicles in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs258734. [PMID: 34382637 PMCID: PMC8403984 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a secreted triglyceride lipase involved in the clearance of very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons from circulation. LPL is expressed primarily in adipose and muscle tissues and transported to the capillary lumen. LPL secretion is regulated by insulin in adipose tissue; however, few studies have examined the regulatory and trafficking steps involved in secretion. Here, we describe the intracellular localization and insulin-dependent trafficking of LPL in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We compared LPL trafficking to the better characterized trafficking pathways taken by leptin and GLUT4 (also known as SLC2A4). We show that the LPL trafficking pathway shares some characteristics of these other pathways, but that LPL subcellular localization and trafficking are distinct from those of GLUT4 and leptin. LPL secretion occurs slowly in response to insulin and rapidly in response to the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. This regulated trafficking is dependent on Golgi protein kinase D and the ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase ARF1. Together, these data give support to a new trafficking pathway for soluble cargo that is active in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saskia B. Neher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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190
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Fang Z, Li X, Wang S, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Jiang X, Ju L, Yu H, Shen T, Chen M, Song Y, Wang Z, Du X, Liu G. Overactivation of hepatic mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (mTORC1) is associated with low transcriptional activity of transcription factor EB and lysosomal dysfunction in dairy cows with clinical ketosis. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4520-4533. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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191
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Transport of lysosomes decreases in the perinuclear region: Insights from changepoint analysis. Biophys J 2022; 121:1205-1218. [PMID: 35202608 PMCID: PMC9034247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that serve as the endpoint for endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy, degrading the molecules, pathogens, and organelles localized within them. These cellular functions require intracellular transport. We use fluorescence microscopy to characterize the motion of lysosomes as a function of intracellular region, perinuclear or periphery, and lysosome diameter. Single particle tracking data is complemented by changepoint identification and analysis of a mathematical model for state-switching. We first classify lysosomal motion as motile or stationary. We then study how lysosome location and diameter affects the proportion of time spent in each state and quantify the speed during motile periods. We find that the proportion of time spent stationary is strongly region-dependent, with significantly decreased motility in the perinuclear region. Increased lysosome diameter only slightly decreases speed. Overall, these results demonstrate the importance of decomposing particle trajectories into qualitatively different behaviors before conducting population-wide statistical analysis. Our results suggest that intracellular region is an important factor to consider in studies of intracellular transport.
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192
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Ben-Naim L, Khalaila I, Papo N. Modifying pH-sensitive PCSK9/LDLR interactions as a strategy to enhance hepatic cell uptake of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Protein Eng Des Sel 2022; 35:6529797. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
LDL-receptor (LDLR)-mediated uptake of LDL-C into hepatocytes is impaired by lysosomal degradation of LDLR, which is promoted by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Cell surface binding of PCSK9 to LDLR produces a complex that translocates to an endosome, where the acidic pH strengthens the binding affinity of PCSK9 to LDLR, preventing LDLR recycling to the cell membrane. We present a new approach to inhibit PCSK9-mediated LDLR degradation, namely, targeting the PCSK9/LDLR interface with a PCSK9-antagonist, designated Flag-PCSK9PH, which prevents access of WT PCSK9 to LDLR. In HepG2 cells, Flag-PCSK9PH, a truncated version (residues 53–451) of human WT PCSK9, strongly bound LDLR at the neutral pH of the cell surface but dissociated from it in the endosome (acidic pH), allowing LDLR to exit the lysosomes intact and recycle to the cell membrane. Flag-PCSK9PH thus significantly enhanced cell-surface LDLR levels and the ability of LDLR to take up extracellular LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lital Ben-Naim
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Isam Khalaila
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Niv Papo
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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193
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Structural mechanism of allosteric activation of TRPML1 by PI(3,5)P 2 and rapamycin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2120404119. [PMID: 35131932 PMCID: PMC8851561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120404119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin is a specific inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Rapamycin can also activate transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1), a phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]–gated lysosomal cation channel whose loss-of-function mutations directly cause mucolipidosis type IV disease. We determined the high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy structures of TRPML1 in various ligand-bound states, including the open TRPML1 in complex with PI(3,5)P2 and a rapamycin analog at 2.1 Å. These structures reveal how rapamycin and PI(3,5)P2 bind at two distinct sites and allosterically activate the channel. Considering the high potency of TRPML1 activation by rapamycin and PI(3,5)P2, it is conceivable that some pharmacological effects from the therapeutic use of rapamycin may come from the TRPML1-dependent mechanism rather than mTOR inhibition. Transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) is a Ca2+-permeable, nonselective cation channel ubiquitously expressed in the endolysosomes of mammalian cells and its loss-of-function mutations are the direct cause of type IV mucolipidosis (MLIV), an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease. TRPML1 is a ligand-gated channel that can be activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] as well as some synthetic small-molecule agonists. Recently, rapamycin has also been shown to directly bind and activate TRPML1. Interestingly, both PI(3,5)P2 and rapamycin have low efficacy in channel activation individually but together they work cooperatively and activate the channel with high potency. To reveal the structural basis underlying the synergistic activation of TRPML1 by PI(3,5)P2 and rapamycin, we determined the high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the mouse TRPML1 channel in various states, including apo closed, PI(3,5)P2-bound closed, and PI(3,5)P2/temsirolimus (a rapamycin analog)-bound open states. These structures, combined with electrophysiology, elucidate the molecular details of ligand binding and provide structural insight into how the TRPML1 channel integrates two distantly bound ligand stimuli and facilitates channel opening.
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194
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Ferrari V, Cristofani R, Tedesco B, Crippa V, Chierichetti M, Casarotto E, Cozzi M, Mina F, Piccolella M, Galbiati M, Rusmini P, Poletti A. Valosin Containing Protein (VCP): A Multistep Regulator of Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041939. [PMID: 35216053 PMCID: PMC8878954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Valosin containing protein (VCP) has emerged as a central protein in the regulation of the protein quality control (PQC) system. VCP mutations are causative of multisystem proteinopathies, which include neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and share various signs of altered proteostasis, mainly associated with autophagy malfunctioning. Autophagy is a complex multistep degradative system essential for the maintenance of cell viability, especially in post-mitotic cells as neurons and differentiated skeletal muscle cells. Interestingly, many studies concerning NDs have focused on autophagy impairment as a pathological mechanism or autophagy activity boosting to rescue the pathological phenotype. The role of VCP in autophagy has been widely debated, but recent findings have defined new mechanisms associated with VCP activity in the regulation of autophagy, showing that VCP is involved in different steps of this pathway. Here we will discuss the multiple activity of VCP in the autophagic pathway underlying its leading role either in physiological or pathological conditions. A better understanding of VCP complexes and mechanisms in regulating autophagy could define the altered mechanisms by which VCP directly or indirectly causes or modulates different human diseases and revealing possible new therapeutic approaches for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS—Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Francesco Mina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence:
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195
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Krämer J, Kang R, Grimm LM, De Cola L, Picchetti P, Biedermann F. Molecular Probes, Chemosensors, and Nanosensors for Optical Detection of Biorelevant Molecules and Ions in Aqueous Media and Biofluids. Chem Rev 2022; 122:3459-3636. [PMID: 34995461 PMCID: PMC8832467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors used in combination with innovative assay protocols hold great potential for the development of robust, low-cost, and fast-responding sensors that are applicable in biofluids (urine, blood, and saliva). Particularly, the development of sensors for metabolites, neurotransmitters, drugs, and inorganic ions is highly desirable due to a lack of suitable biosensors. In addition, the monitoring and analysis of metabolic and signaling networks in cells and organisms by optical probes and chemosensors is becoming increasingly important in molecular biology and medicine. Thus, new perspectives for personalized diagnostics, theranostics, and biochemical/medical research will be unlocked when standing limitations of artificial binders and receptors are overcome. In this review, we survey synthetic sensing systems that have promising (future) application potential for the detection of small molecules, cations, and anions in aqueous media and biofluids. Special attention was given to sensing systems that provide a readily measurable optical signal through dynamic covalent chemistry, supramolecular host-guest interactions, or nanoparticles featuring plasmonic effects. This review shall also enable the reader to evaluate the current performance of molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors in terms of sensitivity and selectivity with respect to practical requirement, and thereby inspiring new ideas for the development of further advanced systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Krämer
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Rui Kang
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Laura M. Grimm
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Dipartimento
DISFARM, University of Milano, via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierre Picchetti
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- P.P.: email,
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- F.B.: email,
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Terrar DA. Endolysosomal Calcium Release and Cardiac Physiology. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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197
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Krogsaeter E, Rosato AS, Grimm C. TRPMLs and TPCs: targets for lysosomal storage and neurodegenerative disease therapy? Cell Calcium 2022; 103:102553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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198
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Zoncu R, Perera RM. Built to last: lysosome remodeling and repair in health and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:597-610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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199
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Sun J, Liu Y, Hao X, Lin W, Su W, Chiang E, Baudry M, Bi X. LAMTOR1 inhibition of TRPML1‐dependent lysosomal calcium release regulates dendritic lysosome trafficking and hippocampal neuronal function. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108119. [PMID: 35099830 PMCID: PMC8886530 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes function not only as degradatory compartments but also as dynamic intracellular calcium ion stores. The transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel mediates lysosomal Ca2+ release, thereby participating in multiple cellular functions. The pentameric Ragulator complex, which plays a critical role in the activation of mTORC1, is also involved in lysosomal trafficking and is anchored to lysosomes through its LAMTOR1 subunit. Here, we report that the Ragulator restricts lysosomal trafficking in dendrites of hippocampal neurons via LAMTOR1‐mediated tonic inhibition of TRPML1 activity, independently of mTORC1. LAMTOR1 directly interacts with TRPML1 through its N‐terminal domain. Eliminating this inhibition in hippocampal neurons by LAMTOR1 deletion or by disrupting LAMTOR1‐TRPML1 binding increases TRPML1‐mediated Ca2+ release and facilitates dendritic lysosomal trafficking powered by dynein. LAMTOR1 deletion in the hippocampal CA1 region of adult mice results in alterations in synaptic plasticity, and in impaired object‐recognition memory and contextual fear conditioning, due to TRPML1 activation. Mechanistically, changes in synaptic plasticity are associated with increased GluA1 dephosphorylation by calcineurin and lysosomal degradation. Thus, LAMTOR1‐mediated inhibition of TRPML1 is critical for regulating dendritic lysosomal motility, synaptic plasticity, and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Sun
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Xiaoning Hao
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Weiju Lin
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Wenyue Su
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Emerald Chiang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Michel Baudry
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Xiaoning Bi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
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Banik D, Manna SK, Maiti A, Mahapatra AK. Recent Advancements in Colorimetric and Fluorescent pH Chemosensors: From Design Principles to Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1313-1373. [PMID: 35086371 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the immense biological significance of pH in diverse living systems, the design, synthesis, and development of pH chemosensors for pH monitoring has been a very active research field in recent times. In this review, we summarize the designing strategies, sensing mechanisms, biological and environmental applications of fluorogenic and chromogenic pH chemosensors of the last three years (2018-2020). We categorized these pH probes into seven types based on their applications, including 1) Cancer cell discriminating pH probes; 2) Lysosome targetable pH probes; 3) Mitochondria targetable pH probes; 4) Golgi body targetable pH probes; 5) Endoplasmic reticulum targetable pH probes; 6) pH probes used in nonspecific cell imaging; and 7) pH probes without cell imaging. All these different categories exhibit diverse applications of pH probes in biological and environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Banik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Kumar Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Haldia Government College, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Anwesha Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India
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