151
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Lai JCL, Lee DYH, Leung MOY, Lam YW. Daily hassles, loneliness, and diurnal salivary cortisol in emerging adults. Horm Behav 2019; 115:104558. [PMID: 31310762 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study used an intensive protocol to examine the effects of daily hassles and loneliness on diurnal salivary cortisol levels. Fifty Chinese undergraduates (28 females) provided six saliva samples each day for two consecutive days (at 0, 0.5, 3, 6, and 12 h after waking and at bedtime) and completed a questionnaire that included scales to measure daily hassles experienced over the previous month, trait loneliness, and depression. Cortisol data were aggregated over two days and used in subsequent analyses, focusing on the cortisol awakening response, diurnal slope, and overall cortisol output operationalized as the area under the curve with reference to the ground (AUCG). Multiple regression analysis showed that an increase in loneliness had a significant association with an increase in the AUCG and with a steeper diurnal slope. Loneliness also showed a significant interaction with daily hassles in that the positive association between daily hassles and AUCG was accentuated in the participants who reported a greater degree of loneliness. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the importance of trait loneliness in modulating the association between daily hassles and diurnal cortisol levels, which has significant clinical implications. Interventions to reduce loneliness should help college students to better cope with daily stressors. Increased attention should also be paid to the health implications of an elevated cortisol level in this relatively young and healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C L Lai
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Daryl Y H Lee
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Monique O Y Leung
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Wah Lam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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152
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Montoliu T, Hidalgo V, Salvador A. The relationship between loneliness and cognition in healthy older men and women: The role of cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:270-279. [PMID: 31271924 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness has been associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia in older people, as well as a dysregulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. In addition, it has been suggested that women are more vulnerable to the negative effects of loneliness on health. Our aim was to analyze the effect of HPA-axis functioning as a mediator in the relationship between loneliness and cognitive function, and interactions depending on sex, in healthy older people. To do so, 86 healthy older people (52.3% female) from 60 to 80 years old (M = 67.44, SD = 4.37) completed the revised UCLA loneliness scale. A neuropsychological battery was administered to assess global cognition, processing speed, attention and executive function, working memory, and verbal memory immediate and delayed recall. Saliva samples were provided on two consecutive weekdays to obtain awakening and bedtime cortisol levels, the diurnal cortisol slope (DCS), and the area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg). Our results showed that loneliness was not directly associated with cognitive performance. Furthermore, loneliness was related to higher bedtime cortisol levels, but not to awakening cortisol, the DCS, or the AUCg. In addition, loneliness was associated with worse performance on attention and processing speed, executive function, and verbal memory immediate recall, via bedtime cortisol levels. Therefore, we suggest that HPA-axis functioning is one of the biological mechanisms that mediate the relationship between loneliness and poorer cognitive function. No sex differences were observed in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Montoliu
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Campus Ciudad Escolar, 44003, Teruel, Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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153
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Leech T, Evison SEF, Armitage SAO, Sait SM, Bretman A. Interactive effects of social environment, age and sex on immune responses in Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1082-1092. [PMID: 31313398 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Social environments have been shown to have multiple effects on individual immune responses. For example, increased social contact might signal greater infection risk and prompt a prophylactic upregulation of immunity. This differential investment of resources may in part explain why social environments affect ageing and lifespan. Our previous work using Drosophila melanogaster showed that single-sex social contact reduced lifespan for both sexes. Here, we assess how social interactions (isolation or contact) affect susceptibility to infection, phagocytotic activity and expression of a subset of immune- and stress-related genes in young and old flies of both sexes. Social contact had a neutral, or even improved, effect on post-infection lifespan in older flies and reduced the expression of stress response genes in females; however, it reduced phagocytotic activity. Overall, the effects of social environment were complex and largely subtle and do not indicate a consistent effect. Together, these findings indicate that social contact in D. melanogaster does not have a predictable impact on immune responses and does not simply trade-off immune investment with lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leech
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sophie E F Evison
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Western Bank, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Steven M Sait
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Amanda Bretman
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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154
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Gillespie SL, Cole SW, Christian LM. Early adversity and the regulation of gene expression: Implications for prenatal health. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019; 28:111-118. [PMID: 31815157 PMCID: PMC6897329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early life, including prenatal development and childhood, is a period of sensitivity, with potential for developmental programming under conditions of adversity. The intergenerational effects of early adversity have received attention, most often studied in relation to fetal development according to maternal exposures. Less often considered but critically important is the effect of early adversity on future prenatal risk (e.g., risk for preeclampsia, preterm birth), which threatens the health of mother and infant. The body's ability to turn collections of genes "on" or "off" across a range of tissues via receptor-driven transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms (i.e., chemical modifications to the genome) in response to the perceived environment may help to explain such associations. This review aims to summarize discoveries surrounding the effects of early adversity on gene expression, emphasizing prenatal populations. First, we review findings from gene expression studies examining the effects of early adversity on various tissues known to contribute to prenatal health in adulthood. Next, we review several gene regulatory mechanisms thought to underlie differences in gene expression. Finally, we discuss potential implications for prenatal risk among early adversity-exposed mothers according to our current understanding of the biology that contributes to the development of prenatal syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve W Cole
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lisa M Christian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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155
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Kimble MM, Javanbakht M, Chew KW, Stafylis C, He D, Ramirez S, Baik Y, Saab S, Klausner JD. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of persons who experienced spontaneous hepatitis C viral clearance. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:626. [PMID: 31307403 PMCID: PMC6632203 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the United States Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral clearance is estimated to range between 20 and 30%. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of HCV clearance and identify correlates of viral clearance among patients newly identified as HCV antibody positive in a large urban health system in Los Angeles, California. Methods We identified patients between November 2015 and September 2017 as part of a newly implemented HCV screening and linkage-to-care program at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Health System. All patients were eligible for screening, though there were additional efforts to screen patients born between 1945 and 1965. We reviewed Medical records to categorize anti-HCV antibody positive patients as having spontaneously cleared HCV infection (HCV RNA not detected) or not (HCV RNA detected). We excluded those with a prior history of anti-HCV positivity or history of HCV treatment. We compared differences between those with and without detectable HCV RNA using chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and t-test as appropriate. We assessed factors associated with HCV clearance using logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 320 patients included in this study, 56% were male. Baby boomers (52–72 years of age) comprised the single largest age group (62%). We found spontaneous HCV clearance in 58% (n = 185). HCV viral clearance was slightly higher among women as compared to men (63% vs. 53%; p value = 0.07) and varied by race/ethnicity: clearance among Blacks/African Americans was 37% vs. 58% among whites (p value = 0.02). After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and sex we found that those diagnosed with chronic kidney disease had a tendency of decreased HCV viral clearance (adjusted OR = 0.34; 95% CI 0.14–1.03). Conclusion Of those patients newly identified as anti-HCV positive, 58% had cleared HCV virus, while the rest showed evidence of active infection. In addition, we found that clearance varied by race/ethnicity and clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Michille Kimble
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, 10920 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 350 Room 40, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Marjan Javanbakht
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kara W Chew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, 10920 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 350 Room 40, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Chrysovalantis Stafylis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, 10920 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 350 Room 40, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - Di He
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Samantha Ramirez
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yeonsoo Baik
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sammy Saab
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, 10920 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 350 Room 40, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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156
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Martín-María N, Caballero FF, Miret M, Tyrovolas S, Haro JM, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Chatterji S. Differential impact of transient and chronic loneliness on health status. A longitudinal study. Psychol Health 2019; 35:177-195. [PMID: 31237442 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1632312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Loneliness is associated with worse health status outcomes. Yet, the present study is one of the first to identify how patterns of loneliness (transient and chronic) are associated with health over time. Design: A total of 2,390 individuals were interviewed in 2011-2012 and 2014-2015 in a follow-up study conducted over a nationally representative sample of Spain. After confirming a longitudinal relationship between loneliness and health status, a growth curve mixture modeling was used to examine health trajectories. Main outcome measures: The three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to assess loneliness. Health status was measured with self-reported questions regarding ten domains (vision, mobility, and self-care, among others), and seven measured tests (including grip strength, walking speed and immediate and delayed verbal recall). Results: A quarter of participants were lonely at baseline. Both the group of transient and chronic loneliness showed a negative significant relationship with health status at follow-up, (β = -0.063 and β = -0.075 respectively, p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the health status did not change across time in any group. Conclusion: People experiencing chronic loneliness had the worst health status. Different patterns of loneliness could benefit from the appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martín-María
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública. CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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157
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P. Vempati R, M. Reddy H. Psychoneuroimmunology and Genetics. Immunogenetics 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.82557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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158
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Stevenson JR, McMahon EK, Boner W, Haussmann MF. Oxytocin administration prevents cellular aging caused by social isolation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 103:52-60. [PMID: 30640038 PMCID: PMC7476076 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stressors, such as chronic isolation in social mammals, can elevate glucocorticoids, which can affect cellular mechanisms of aging, including increased levels of oxidative stress and shortened telomere lengths. Recent work in the selectively social prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) suggests that oxytocin and social support may mitigate some of the negative consequences of social isolation, possibly by reducing glucocorticoid levels. We investigated the influences of isolation, social support, and daily oxytocin injections in female prairie voles. Glucocorticoid levels, oxidative damage, telomere length, and anhedonia, a behavioral index of depression, were measured throughout the study. We found that six weeks of chronic isolation led to increased glucocorticoid levels, oxidative damage, telomere degradation and anhedonia. However, daily oxytocin injections in isolated voles prevented these negative consequences. These findings demonstrate that chronic social isolation in female prairie voles is a potent stressor that results in depression-like behavior and accelerated cellular aging. Importantly, oxytocin can completely prevent the negative consequences of social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie R. Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA,Corresponding author at: 215 O’Leary Center, 1 Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, United States. (J.R. Stevenson)
| | | | - Winnie Boner
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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159
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Brown KM, Diez-Roux AV, Smith JA, Needham BL, Mukherjee B, Ware EB, Liu Y, Cole SW, Seeman TE, Kardia SLR. Expression of socially sensitive genes: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214061. [PMID: 30973896 PMCID: PMC6459532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression may be an important biological mediator in associations between social factors and health. However, previous studies were limited by small sample sizes and use of differing cell types with heterogeneous expression patterns. We use a large population-based cohort with gene expression measured solely in monocytes to investigate associations between seven social factors and expression of genes previously found to be sensitive to social factors. METHODS We employ three methodological approaches: 1) omnibus test for the entire gene set (Global ANCOVA), 2) assessment of each association individually (linear regression), and 3) machine learning method that performs variable selection with correlated predictors (elastic net). RESULTS In global analyses, significant associations with the a priori defined socially sensitive gene set were detected for major or lifetime discrimination and chronic burden (p = 0.019 and p = 0.047, respectively). Marginally significant associations were detected for loneliness and adult socioeconomic status (p = 0.066, p = 0.093, respectively). No associations were significant in linear regression analyses after accounting for multiple testing. However, a small percentage of gene expressions (up to 11%) were associated with at least one social factor using elastic net. CONCLUSION The Global ANCOVA and elastic net findings suggest that a small percentage of genes may be "socially sensitive," (i.e. demonstrate differential expression by social factor), yet single gene approaches such as linear regression may be ill powered to capture this relationship. Future research should further investigate the biological mechanisms through which social factors act to influence gene expression and how systemic changes in gene expression affect overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana V. Diez-Roux
- Department of Epidemiology, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Belinda L. Needham
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Erin B. Ware
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Steven W. Cole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Teresa E. Seeman
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sharon L. R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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160
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Theodore DA, Goodwin RD, Zhang YV, Schneider N, Gordon RJ. History of Depression and Increased Risk of Sternal Wound Infection After Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Novel and Potentially Modifiable Risk Factor. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz083. [PMID: 30949529 PMCID: PMC6440688 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sternal wound infection (SWI) is a leading cause of postoperative disease and death; the risk factors for SWI remain incompletely understood. The goal of the current study was to investigate the relationship between a preoperative history of depression and the risk of SWI after cardiothoracic surgery. Methods Among patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery in a major academic medical center between 2007 and 2012, those in whom SWI developed (n = 129) were matched, by date of surgery, with those in whom it did not (n = 258). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the strength of relationships between risk factors and development of infection. History of depression was defined as a composite variable to increase the sensitivity of detection. Results History of depression as defined by our composite variable was associated with increased risk of SWI (adjusted odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–4.7; P = .01). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated. Conclusions History of depression was associated with increased risk of SWI. Future prospective studies are warranted to further investigate this relationship. Depression is highly treatable, and increased efforts to identify and treat depression preoperatively may be a critical step toward preventing infection-related disease and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Theodore
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Renee D Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Yuan Vivian Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Nancy Schneider
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Rachel J Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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161
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Matthews GA, Tye KM. Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1457:5-25. [PMID: 30875095 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Social connections are vital to survival throughout the animal kingdom and are dynamic across the life span. There are debilitating consequences of social isolation and loneliness, and social support is increasingly a primary consideration in health care, disease prevention, and recovery. Considering social connection as an "innate need," it is hypothesized that evolutionarily conserved neural systems underlie the maintenance of social connections: alerting the individual to their absence and coordinating effector mechanisms to restore social contact. This is reminiscent of a homeostatic system designed to maintain social connection. Here, we explore the identity of neural systems regulating "social homeostasis." We review findings from rodent studies evaluating the rapid response to social deficit (in the form of acute social isolation) and propose that parallel, overlapping circuits are engaged to adapt to the vulnerabilities of isolation and restore social connection. By considering the neural systems regulating other homeostatic needs, such as energy and fluid balance, we discuss the potential attributes of social homeostatic circuitry. We reason that uncovering the identity of these circuits/mechanisms will facilitate our understanding of how loneliness perpetuates long-term disease states, which we speculate may result from sustained recruitment of social homeostatic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Matthews
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kay M Tye
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California
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162
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Spithoven AWM, Cacioppo S, Goossens L, Cacioppo JT. Genetic Contributions to Loneliness and Their Relevance to the Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019; 14:376-396. [PMID: 30844327 DOI: 10.1177/1745691618812684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is a negative and distressing emotional state that arises from a discrepancy between one's desired and achieved levels of social connectedness. The evolutionary theory of loneliness (ETL) posits that experiencing loneliness is an inherited adaptation that signals that salutary social relations are endangered or damaged and prompts people to reconnect to significant others. The basic tenets of the ETL has led researchers to examine the genetic underpinnings of loneliness. The current review provides an updated overview of genetic studies on loneliness and discusses the importance of genetic research for the ETL. The most recent studies suggest that the many genes that contribute to a small degree to differences in loneliness partially overlap with genes that contribute to neuroticism, but not with depression. In addition, the genetic studies discussed in this review show that genes are unlikely to have a direct effect on loneliness. Instead, environmental factors determine in a dynamic fashion how genes that contribute to loneliness are expressed. Future research on epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, can further elucidate the dynamic interplay between genes and the environment and how this interplay contributes to loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Cacioppo
- 2 Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago
| | - L Goossens
- 1 School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven
| | - J T Cacioppo
- 3 Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, University of Chicago
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163
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Gomez-Bernal F, Madva EN, Puckett J, Amonoo HL, Millstein RA, Huffman JC. Relationships Between Life Stressors, Health Behaviors, and Chronic Medical Conditions in Mid-Life Adults: A Narrative Review. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2019; 60:153-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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164
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Chase KA, Melbourne JK, Rosen C, McCarthy-Jones S, Jones N, Feiner BM, Sharma RP. Traumagenics: At the intersect of childhood trauma, immunity and psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:369-377. [PMID: 30682559 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood trauma, including physical, sexual or emotional abuse, neglect, harm or threat of harm, is associated with adulthood dysregulation of the immune system. Trauma can induce chronic immune system activation. Associations between a chronic pro-inflammatory state and schizophrenia are an enduring finding of psychiatry, with elevated cytokine concentrations correlated with psychotic symptom severity. Most importantly, persons with schizophrenia and a history of childhood trauma demonstrate increased cytokine levels. Specific types of childhood trauma can also differentially impact the expression of unique immune markers. This study tested the hypotheses that levels of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) would be associated with levels of peripheral immune activity assessed by IL6, IFNG, CXCL10, IRF1, STAT1 and TLR4 mRNA expression, and that there would be an association between ACEs and psychosis along a continuum from non-clinical controls (NCC) to psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. These hypotheses were tested in 20 schizophrenia, 20 NCC. We found correlations between ACEs scores and immune markers, specifically IL6. We also found a positive association between ACEs and positive symptoms. Childhood trauma, through its effects on IL6, may be a risk factor for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave, Suite 3268, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jennifer K Melbourne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave, Suite 3268, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Cherise Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave, Suite 3268, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Nev Jones
- Department of Mental Health Law & Policy, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin M Feiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave, Suite 3268, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rajiv P Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave, Suite 3268, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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165
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Abstract
Loneliness, or perceived social isolation, may be evident in any group-living species, although its assessment in nonhumans provides some measurement challenges. It is well-known that loneliness in humans confers significant risk for morbidity and mortality, although mechanisms remain unclear. The authors describe a naturally-occurring model of loneliness in adult male rhesus monkeys that shows many parallels with the phenomenon in humans. Lonely monkeys (those that display high frequencies of social initiations but low frequencies of complex interaction) show elevated sympathetic nervous system activity and down regulated Type I interferon responses. Analysis of data from simian immunodeficiency virus-infected monkeys indicates that these physiological changes have functional consequences. Use of this animal model can help identify mechanisms by which loneliness impacts health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Capitanio
- Department of Psychology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Cacioppo
- Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Steven W Cole
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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166
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Abstract
Gene expression profiling studies of people exposed to chronic threat have identified a Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA) in circulating immune cells. This physiological pattern is characterized by up-regulated expression of genes involved in inflammation and down-regulated expression of genes involved in Type I interferon responses. The CTRA is mediated by beta-adrenergic signaling pathways that transduce sympathetic nervous system activity into changes in transcription factor activity and hematopoietic output of myeloid lineage immune cells (monocytes, neutrophils, and dendritic cells). Recent research has begun to identify the CNS processes that regulate peripheral CTRA activity, define its implications for disease, and explore the role of positive psychosocial factors in buffering such effects. The CTRA provides a genomic framework for understanding PNI relationships and connecting macro-level psychosocial processes to the micro-level biology of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Cole
- UCLA School of Medicine, Prepared for Current Opinion in Behavioral Science - Psychoneuroimmunology
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167
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Murray DR, Prokosch ML, Airington Z. PsychoBehavioroimmunology: Connecting the Behavioral Immune System to Its Physiological Foundations. Front Psychol 2019; 10:200. [PMID: 30804853 PMCID: PMC6378957 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although infectious disease has posed a significant and persistent threat to human survival and welfare throughout history, only recently have the psychological and behavioral implications of disease threat become a topic of research within the behavioral sciences. This growing body of work has revealed a suite of affective and cognitive processes that motivate the avoidance of disease-causing objects and situations—a cascade of processes loosely conceptualized as a “behavioral immune system (BIS).” Recent BIS research has linked disease threat to a surprisingly broad set of psychological and behavioral phenomena. However, research examining how the BIS is nested within our broader physiology is only beginning to emerge. Here, we review research that has begun to elucidate the physiological foundations of the BIS—at the levels of sensory modalities, cells, and genes. We also discuss the future of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian R Murray
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Zachary Airington
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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168
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Murray DR, Haselton MG, Fales M, Cole SW. Falling in love is associated with immune system gene regulation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 100:120-126. [PMID: 30299259 PMCID: PMC6333523 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although falling in love is one of the most important and psychologically potent events in human life, the somatic implications of new romantic love remain poorly understood. Psychological, immunological, and reproductive perspectives offer competing predictions of the specific transcriptional regulatory shifts that might accompany the experience of falling in love. To characterize the impact of romantic love on human genome function, we conducted genome-wide transcriptome profiling of 115 circulating immune cell samples collected from 47 young women over the course of a 2-year longitudinal study. Analyses revealed a selective alteration in immune cell gene regulation characterized by up-regulation of Type I interferon response genes associated with CD1C+/BDCA-1+ dendritic cells (DCs) and CLEC4C+/BDCA-2+ DCs, and a reciprocal down-regulation of α-defensin-related transcripts associated with neutrophil granulocytes. These effects emerged above and beyond the effects of changes in illness, perceived social isolation, and sexual contact. These findings are consistent with a selective up-regulation of innate immune responses to viral infections (e.g., Type I interferons and DC) and with DC facilitation of sexual reproduction, and provide insight into the immunoregulatory correlates of one of the keystone experiences in human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian R. Murray
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Martie G. Haselton
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095,Department of Communication Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Melissa Fales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Steven W. Cole
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095,Norman Cousins Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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169
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Das A. Loneliness does (not) have cardiometabolic effects: A longitudinal study of older adults in two countries. Soc Sci Med 2019; 223:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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170
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Hackett RA, Poole L, Hunt E, Panagi L, Steptoe A. Loneliness and biological responses to acute stress in people with Type 2 diabetes. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13341. [PMID: 30693534 PMCID: PMC6563153 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is linked with all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease. Altered neuroendocrine and inflammatory responses to stress constitute potential pathways linking loneliness and ill-health. Stress responsivity is modified in people with Type 2 diabetes, but it is unclear whether loneliness influences biological stress responses in this population. We assessed interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and cortisol responses to acute stress in 135 people with Type 2 diabetes. Loneliness was measured used the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Loneliness was inversely associated with cortisol output poststress (B = -4.429, p = 0.019) independent of age, sex, education, marital status, body mass index, and smoking. Lonelier individuals had raised MCP-1 concentrations 75 min poststress independent of covariates (B = 0.713, p = 0.022). No associations between loneliness and IL-6 or IL-1RA concentrations were detected. These results suggest that loneliness is associated with disturbances in stress responsivity in people with diabetes, and the impact of loneliness on health in people with diabetes may be mediated in part through dysregulation of inflammatory and neuroendocrine systems. Future research is required to understand if such changes increase the risk of poorer outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Hackett
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lydia Poole
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Hunt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Panagi
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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171
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Wagner EYN, Ajdacic-Gross V, Strippoli MPF, Gholam-Rezaee M, Glaus J, Vandeleur C, Castelao E, Vollenweider P, Preisig M, von Känel R. Associations of Personality Traits With Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in a Swiss Community Sample. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:819. [PMID: 31798472 PMCID: PMC6863063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Among the major dimensions of personality, high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness have frequently been linked to worse health-related behaviors and poor health outcomes. However, studies on the association between personality traits and biomarkers of chronic low-grade inflammation reflecting increased morbidity and mortality risk are sparse; therefore, the aim of this study was to explore this association. Methods: A population-based Swiss sample of 2,182 persons (40-82 years, 42% men) completed a comprehensive personality questionnaire (NEO Five-Factor Inventory-Revised). Circulating levels of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and levels of the "cardioprotective" adipo(cyto)kine adiponectin were also determined. Analyses controlled for sociodemographic factors, traditional cardiovascular risk factors and lifetime psychiatric disorders using a validated semi-structured psychiatric interview. The role of gender as a moderator of the personality-inflammation link was additionally explored. Results: Controlling for all covariates, higher Extraversion (β = 0.092, 95%CI 0.004-0.180) was positively associated with higher IL-6 levels, and higher Conscientiousness (β = -0.095, 95%CI -0.180-[-0.009]) were significantly associated with lower IL-6 levels (all p-values < 0.05). Neuroticism and Agreeableness showed no significant association with any inflammatory biomarker. The associations between personality traits and inflammatory markers were not moderated by gender. Conclusions: Conscientiousness seems to be inversely related to chronic low-grade inflammation as measured by IL-6 levels, compatible with protection from the cardiovascular risk. The opposite may apply to Extraversion. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and their impact for health outcomes in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Young N Wagner
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Pierre F Strippoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Gholam-Rezaee
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Glaus
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Vandeleur
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Castelao
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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172
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Manczak EM, Dougherty B, Chen E. Parental Depressive Symptoms Potentiate the Effect of Youth Negative Mood Symptoms on Gene Expression in Children with Asthma. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:99-108. [PMID: 29556870 PMCID: PMC6148436 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms in parents and in youths have been found to relate to disease comorbidity processes in children, including greater disease-related impairment and poorer clinical outcomes. The current study sought to assess whether coming from a family characterized by more depressive symptoms on average would potentiate the effects of changes in youths' own negative mood on the expression of two receptor genes relevant to asthma that are the primary targets of asthma medication, such that the combination of low child negative mood in the context of greater parental depressive symptoms would relate to the lowest levels of gene expression. One-hundred-twenty youths with diagnosed asthma and their parents participated every 6 months for 2 years. Parents reported on their depressive symptoms, children reported negative mood symptoms, and youths completed blood draws from which expression of Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) and Beta2 Adrenergic Receptor (β2-AR) genes was extracted. Multilevel linear modeling revealed significant interactions between average levels of parental depressive symptoms and changes in youths' negative mood symptoms predicting gene expression, such that youths expressed significantly less GR and β2-AR during times when they experienced more negative mood symptoms, but this was only true if they came from families with higher levels of average parental depressive symptoms. The current study identifies novel and biologically-proximal molecular signaling patterns that connect depressive symptoms to pediatric asthma while also highlighting the important role of family environment for biological processes that may operate within depression comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Manczak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Bryn Dougherty
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology and the Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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173
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Male infants and birth complications are associated with increased incidence of postnatal depression. Soc Sci Med 2019; 220:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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174
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Matthews T, Danese A, Caspi A, Fisher HL, Goldman-Mellor S, Kepa A, Moffitt TE, Odgers CL, Arseneault L. Lonely young adults in modern Britain: findings from an epidemiological cohort study. Psychol Med 2019; 49:268-277. [PMID: 29684289 PMCID: PMC6076992 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to build a detailed, integrative profile of the correlates of young adults' feelings of loneliness, in terms of their current health and functioning and their childhood experiences and circumstances. METHODS Data were drawn from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a birth cohort of 2232 individuals born in England and Wales in 1994 and 1995. Loneliness was measured when participants were aged 18. Regression analyses were used to test concurrent associations between loneliness and health and functioning in young adulthood. Longitudinal analyses were conducted to examine childhood factors associated with young adult loneliness. RESULTS Lonelier young adults were more likely to experience mental health problems, to engage in physical health risk behaviours, and to use more negative strategies to cope with stress. They were less confident in their employment prospects and were more likely to be out of work. Lonelier young adults were, as children, more likely to have had mental health difficulties and to have experienced bullying and social isolation. Loneliness was evenly distributed across genders and socioeconomic backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS Young adults' experience of loneliness co-occurs with a diverse range of problems, with potential implications for health in later life. The findings underscore the importance of early intervention to prevent lonely young adults from being trapped in loneliness as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Matthews
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- National and Specialist Child Traumatic Stress and Anxiety Clinic, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Helen L. Fisher
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sidra Goldman-Mellor
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Agnieszka Kepa
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Candice L. Odgers
- Sandford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA and Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Louise Arseneault
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
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175
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Oliveira DVD, Ribeiro CC, Pico RER, Murari MO, Freire GLM, Contreira AR, Nascimento Júnior JRAD. Is life satisfaction associated with the purpose in life of elderly hydrogymnastics practitioners? MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201900030009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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176
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Lea AJ, Akinyi MY, Nyakundi R, Mareri P, Nyundo F, Kariuki T, Alberts SC, Archie EA, Tung J. Dominance rank-associated gene expression is widespread, sex-specific, and a precursor to high social status in wild male baboons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E12163-E12171. [PMID: 30538194 PMCID: PMC6310778 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811967115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and other hierarchical species, social status is tightly linked to variation in health and fitness-related traits. Experimental manipulations of social status in female rhesus macaques suggest that this relationship is partially explained by status effects on immune gene regulation. However, social hierarchies are established and maintained in different ways across species: While some are based on kin-directed nepotism, others emerge from direct physical competition. We investigated how this variation influences the relationship between social status and immune gene regulation in wild baboons, where hierarchies in males are based on fighting ability but female hierarchies are nepotistic. We measured rank-related variation in gene expression levels in adult baboons of both sexes at baseline and in response to ex vivo stimulation with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We identified >2,000 rank-associated genes in males, an order of magnitude more than in females. In males, high status predicted increased expression of genes involved in innate immunity and preferential activation of the NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory pathway, a pattern previously associated with low status in female rhesus macaques. Using Mendelian randomization, we reconcile these observations by demonstrating that high status-associated gene expression patterns are precursors, not consequences, of high social status in males, in support of the idea that physiological condition determines who attains high rank. Together, our work provides a test of the relationship between social status and immune gene regulation in wild primates. It also emphasizes the importance of social context in shaping the relationship between social status and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lea
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708;
| | - Mercy Y Akinyi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Ruth Nyakundi
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Peter Mareri
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Fred Nyundo
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Thomas Kariuki
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708;
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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177
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Pavela G, Kim YI, Salvy SJ. Additive effects of obesity and loneliness on C-reactive protein. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206092. [PMID: 30439985 PMCID: PMC6237312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and loneliness are associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), a predictor of cardiovascular disease. It is unknown whether the co-presence of obesity and loneliness is associated with additional risk for clinically elevated CRP. The present study thus examines their independent and combined effects on elevated CRP in older adults. Data come from 10,912 respondents who completed the 2008 and 2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Loneliness was measured using an 11-item Loneliness Scale and body mass index was calculated from technician measured height and weight. Our primary outcome is high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP). Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used to test whether loneliness and BMI category are independent predictors of CRP after adjusting for demographics and other inflammatory-related covariates. In the fully adjusted model for men, obesity (OR = 2.36, p < .0001) was associated with increased odds of hsCRP >3.0. Among females, being overweight (OR = 1.75, p < .0001) or obese (OR = 4.01, p < .0001) were associated increased odds of hsCRP>3.0. Among both men and women, results from fully adjusted models indicated that loneliness was not associated with clinically elevated hsCRP (OR = 1.34, p = .0535; OR = 0.97, p = 0.6776, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Pavela
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Young-il Kim
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sarah-Jeanne Salvy
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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178
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Xiao C, Beitler JJ, Higgins KA, Wommack EC, Saba NF, Shin DM, Bruner DW, Miller AH, Cole S. Differential regulation of NF-kB and IRF target genes as they relate to fatigue in patients with head and neck cancer. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:291-295. [PMID: 30217537 PMCID: PMC6289813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have linked plasma inflammatory markers to elevated fatigue in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying this association, we conducted promoter-based bioinformatics analyses to determine the relationship between fatigue and specific gene expression profiles associated with inflammation in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related and -unrelated HNC patients undergoing treatment. Patients with newly diagnosed HNC without distant metastasis were assessed at baseline (pre-radiotherapy) and one-month post-radiotherapy. Fatigue was measured by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Genome-wide gene expression profiles were collected from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Promoter-based bioinformatics analyses were employed to identify transcription control pathways underlying transcriptomic correlates of fatigue in the sample as a whole and in HPV-related and HPV-unrelated HNC patients separately. In transcriptome profiling analyses of PBMC from 44 patients, TELiS bioinformatics analyses linked fatigue to increased nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) transcriptional activity and decreased interferon regulatory factor family (IRF) transcription factor activity. Patients with HPV-related HNC showed lower levels of fatigue-related gene expression profile compared to HPV-unrelated HNC. Fatigue in HNC patients undergoing treatment is associated with gene expression profiles consistent with the conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) characterized by increased proinflammatory and decreased anti-antiviral transcriptional activity. Interestingly, this CTRA response was mitigated in patients with HPV-related HNC and may explain the lower level of fatigue they experience relative to HPV-unrelated HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhua Xiao
- School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, United States.
| | - Jonathan J Beitler
- Department of Radiation, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, United States
| | - Kristin A Higgins
- Department of Radiation, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, United States
| | - Evanthia C Wommack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, United States
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, United States
| | - Deborah W Bruner
- School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, United States
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Steve Cole
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA AIDS Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Norman Cousins Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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179
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Ponsi G, Monachesi B, Panasiti V, Aglioti SM, Panasiti MS. Physiological and behavioral reactivity to social exclusion: a functional infrared thermal imaging study in patients with psoriasis. J Neurophysiol 2018; 121:38-49. [PMID: 30379630 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00555.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity can be heavily impacted not only by basic threats to survival but also by threats to social bonds. In this study we explored the behavioral and physiological consequences of social exclusion/inclusion in patients with psoriasis, a disease frequently associated with the experience of being ostracized and with deficient emotion regulation skills. We employed a virtual ball-tossing game (Cyberball) to induce the experience of social exclusion/inclusion. We then used a Trust Game to measure the effects of this social modulation on trust. During Cyberball, infrared thermal imaging was used to record participants' facial temperature and thus obtain an online measure of SNS activation. Behavioral data showed that social exclusion shifted participants' trust toward unfamiliar players who had not previously excluded them. Physiological data indicated that in control participants, social exclusion triggered higher SNS activation than inclusion. No such effect was found in patients with psoriasis, whose SNS activity was the same during inclusion as it was during exclusion, suggesting that they benefit less from inclusive experiences than control participants. In addition, in patients but not in controls, higher SNS activation during social exclusion was linked to higher monetary investment toward unfamiliar players, a result in keeping with the social reconnection hypothesis, according to which emotions triggered by social rejection can be regulated by investing in new social interactions. We also found that an increase in periorbital temperature is accompanied by a decrease in happiness ratings after social exclusion was experienced during the Cyberball game. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous research on emotional processes in psoriasis has mainly employed self-report measures. In this study we used thermal imaging to obtain an online measure of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity during social exclusion and tested how this experience influenced subsequent trust. We found that being included was a less positive experience for patients compared with controls and that SNS activity during exclusion had a stronger influence on subsequent trust in patients than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Ponsi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Bianca Monachesi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Panasiti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
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180
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De Laurentis M, Rossana B, Andrea B, Riccardo T, Valentina I. The impact of social-emotional context in chronic cancer pain: patient-caregiver reverberations : Social-emotional context in chronic cancer pain. Support Care Cancer 2018; 27:705-713. [PMID: 30382393 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pain is a multifactorial and subjective experience. Psychological and social factors can modulate it. This study analyzed whether and how prolonged cancer pain is related to the social-relational environment's characteristics. Specifically, we investigated whether the caregiver's emotional support, his/her compassion ability or, on the contrary, his/her personal distress, associates with the patient's pain level. METHODS The sample consisted of 38 cancer patients suffering from pain and 38 family caregivers. The patients completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES) referred to caregiver, and an interview concerning the patient's perception of the caregiver's compassion level. Caregivers completed the distress thermometer (DT), the BEES, and an interview assessment of their compassion level. RESULTS Caregiver's distress level correlated with patient's pain intensity (r = .389; p = .028). Exploratory linear regression confirmed this association (R2 = .151; F (1, 30) = 5.33; p = .028; β = 0.389). The number of problems reported by caregivers correlated with the patients' pain level (r = .375; p = .020), which was verified in a regression analysis (R2 = .140; F (1, 36) = 5.88; p = .020; β = 0.375). In particular, the caregiver's amount of emotional problems was related to patient's pain level (r = .427; p = .007); this result was reaffirmed in a regression (R2 = .182; F (1, 36) = 8.03; p = .007; β = 0.427). CONCLUSIONS Our results show an association between social suffering, as indicated by the caregiver's emotional distress and the patient's physical pain. The results also highlight high distress levels and emotional problems among caregivers. The work emphasizes the need of a bio-psychosocial approach in managing cancer pain, along with the necessity to find effective interventions to fight emotional distress in family caregivers. The recovery of the caregivers' emotional resources could have beneficial implications on the patients' pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Laurentis
- Clinical and Oncological Psychology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88/100, 10126, Turin, TO, Italy.
| | - Botto Rossana
- Clinical and Oncological Psychology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88/100, 10126, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Bovero Andrea
- Clinical and Oncological Psychology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88/100, 10126, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Torta Riccardo
- Clinical and Oncological Psychology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88/100, 10126, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Ieraci Valentina
- Clinical and Oncological Psychology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88/100, 10126, Turin, TO, Italy
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181
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Kovaleva M, Spangler S, Clevenger C, Hepburn K. Chronic Stress, Social Isolation, and Perceived Loneliness in Dementia Caregivers. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2018; 56:36-43. [DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20180329-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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182
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Haldar R, Shaashua L, Lavon H, Lyons YA, Zmora O, Sharon E, Birnbaum Y, Allweis T, Sood AK, Barshack I, Cole S, Ben-Eliyahu S. Perioperative inhibition of β-adrenergic and COX2 signaling in a clinical trial in breast cancer patients improves tumor Ki-67 expression, serum cytokine levels, and PBMCs transcriptome. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:294-309. [PMID: 29800703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamines and prostaglandins are secreted abundantly during the perioperative period in response to stress and surgery, and were shown by translational studies to promote tumor metastasis. Here, in a phase-II biomarker clinical trial in breast cancer patients (n = 38), we tested the combined perioperative use of the β-blocker, propranolol, and the COX2-inhibitor, etodolac, scheduled for 11 consecutive perioperative days, starting 5 days before surgery. Blood samples were taken before treatment (T1), on the mornings before and after surgery (T2&T3), and after treatment cessation (T4). Drugs were well tolerated. Results based on a-priori hypotheses indicated that already before surgery (T2), serum levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6, CRP, and IFNγ, and anti-inflammatory, cortisol and IL-10, increased. At T2 and/or T3, drug treatment reduced serum levels of the above pro-inflammatory cytokines and of TRAIL, as well as activity of multiple inflammation-related transcription factors (including NFκB, STAT3, ISRE), but not serum levels of cortisol, IL-10, IL-18, IL-8, VEGF and TNFα. In the excised tumor, treatment reduced the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67, and positively affected its transcription factors SP1 and AhR. Exploratory analyses of transcriptome modulation in PBMCs revealed treatment-induced improvement at T2/T3 in several transcription factors that in primary tumors indicate poor prognosis (CUX1, THRa, EVI1, RORa, PBX1, and T3R), angiogenesis (YY1), EMT (GATA1 and deltaEF1/ZEB1), proliferation (GATA2), and glucocorticoids response (GRE), while increasing the activity of the oncogenes c-MYB and N-MYC. Overall, the drug treatment may benefit breast cancer patients through reducing systemic inflammation and pro-metastatic/pro-growth biomarkers in the excised tumor and PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Haldar
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Lee Shaashua
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Hagar Lavon
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yasmin A Lyons
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Surgery, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at University of Texas, Huston, TX, USA
| | - Oded Zmora
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eran Sharon
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Yehudit Birnbaum
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Tanir Allweis
- Department of Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Surgery, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at University of Texas, Huston, TX, USA
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Steve Cole
- Department of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shamgar Ben-Eliyahu
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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183
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Zhang Q, Berger FG, Love B, Banister CE, Murphy EA, Hofseth LJ. Maternal stress and early-onset colorectal cancer. Med Hypotheses 2018; 121:152-159. [PMID: 30396471 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is defined as colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed before the age of 50. Alarmingly, there has been a significant increase in EOCRC diagnoses' worldwide over the past several decades. Emerging data suggest EOCRCs have distinguishing clinical, pathological, biological and molecular features; and thus, are a fundamentally different subtype of CRCs. Unfortunately, there is no simple explanation for the causes of EOCRC. Scientifically rigorous studies are needed to determine what may be driving the challenging epidemiology of EOCRC. We contend here that a reasonable hypothesis is that prenatal risk factors such as maternal stress and associated sleeping disorders influence offspring epigenetic make-up, and shape immune system and gut health contributing to an increased risk for EOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Franklin G Berger
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bryan Love
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Carolyn E Banister
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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184
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Zhang J, Yang J, Han D, Zhao X, Ma J, Ban B, Zhu X, Yang Y, Cao D, Qiu X. Dvl3 polymorphism interacts with life events and pro-inflammatory cytokines to influence major depressive disorder susceptibility. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14181. [PMID: 30242173 PMCID: PMC6155061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore Dvl3 variants and their interaction with negative life events on MDD susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. Additionally, we also attempted to identify whether there is an association between Dvl3 variants and pro-inflammatory cytokines. A total of 1102 participants, consisting of 550 patients with MDD and 552 healthy subjects, were recruited for genotyping by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in peripheral blood were measured by QPCR. After the assessment of negative life events by the Life Events Scale, the Dvl3 gene–environment interaction (G × E) and risk factors were evaluated using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method (GMDR) and logistic regression analysis, respectively. This study is the first to reveal the interaction between Dvl3 allelic variations and negative life events as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines on MDD susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarun Yang
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Han
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jingsong Ma
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Ban
- Affiliated Hosptial of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, Jining, China
| | - Xiongzhao Zhu
- Medical Psychological Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
| | - Depin Cao
- Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
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185
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Uchida Y, Kitayama S, Akutsu S, Park J, Cole SW. Optimism and the conserved transcriptional response to adversity. Health Psychol 2018; 37:1077-1080. [PMID: 30221968 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dispositional optimism, a personality trait predisposing individuals to positive expectations, has been suggested to promote better health. However, little is known about the biological mechanism of the salubrious health effects of optimism. We hypothesized that by diminishing a sense of threat to the self, optimism will be associated with a healthier profile of gene expression in immune cells. Specifically, the "conserved transcriptional response to adversity" (CTRA) is activated by fight-or-flight stress responses and results in increased transcription of genes involved in inflammation and decreased transcription of genes involved in antiviral defense. In a sample of 114 male Japanese workers, we found that optimism was inversely linked to CTRA after controlling for demographic variables, health-risk factors, and indices of well-being. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that reduced activity of threat-related gene expression programs may contribute to the health effects associated with optimism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Satoshi Akutsu
- School of International Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi University Business School
| | - Jiyoung Park
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Steve W Cole
- Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences in the School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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186
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Catalán N, Villasante A, Wacyk J, Ramírez C, Romero J. Fermented Soybean Meal Increases Lactic Acid Bacteria in Gut Microbiota of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 10:566-576. [PMID: 29274013 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of the present study was to address the effect of feeding fermented soybean meal-based diet to Atlantic salmon on gut microbiota. Further, expression of genes of interest, including cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (cath), mucin 2 (muc2), aquaporin (aqp8ab), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), in proximal intestine of fish fed either experimental diet was analyzed. Three experimental diets, including a control fishmeal (30% FM), soybean meal (30% SBM), or fermented soybean meal diet (30% FSBM) were randomly assigned to triplicate tanks during a 50-day trial. The PCR-TTGE showed microbiota composition was influenced by experimental diets. Bands corresponding to genus Lactobacillus and Pediococcus were characteristic in fish fed the FSBM-based diet. On the other hand, bands corresponding to Isoptericola, Cellulomonas, and Clostridium sensu stricto were only observed in fish FM-based diet, while Acinetobacter and Altererythrobacter were detected in fish fed SBM-based diet. The expression of muc2 and aqp8ab were significantly greater in fish fed the FSBM-based diet compared with the control group. Our results suggest feeding FSBM to Atlantic salmon may (1) boost health and growth physiology in fish by promoting intestinal lactic acid bacteria growth, having a prebiotic-like effect, (2) promote proximal intestine health by increasing mucin production, and (3) boost intestinal trans-cellular uptake of water. Further research to better understands the effects of bioactive compounds derived from the fermentation process of plant feedstuff on gut microbiota and the effects on health and growth in fish is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Villasante
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jurij Wacyk
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Romero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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187
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A simple computer vision pipeline reveals the effects of isolation on social interaction dynamics in Drosophila. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006410. [PMID: 30161262 PMCID: PMC6135522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation profoundly influences social behavior in all animals. In humans, isolation has serious effects on health. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model to study small-scale, temporally-transient social behavior. However, longer-term analysis of large groups of flies is hampered by the lack of effective and reliable tools. We built a new imaging arena and improved the existing tracking algorithm to reliably follow a large number of flies simultaneously. Next, based on the automatic classification of touch and graph-based social network analysis, we designed an algorithm to quantify changes in the social network in response to prior social isolation. We observed that isolation significantly and swiftly enhanced individual and local social network parameters depicting near-neighbor relationships. We explored the genome-wide molecular correlates of these behavioral changes and found that whereas behavior changed throughout the six days of isolation, gene expression alterations occurred largely on day one. These changes occurred mostly in metabolic genes, and we verified the metabolic changes by showing an increase of lipid content in isolated flies. In summary, we describe a highly reliable tracking and analysis pipeline for large groups of flies that we use to unravel the behavioral, molecular and physiological impact of isolation on social network dynamics in Drosophila. Social isolation severely affects the behavior and physiology of social animals, including humans. The fruit fly is a powerful model for studying the mechanisms of development, health and disease and is also used to study social behaviors such as mating and aggression. However, these studies are limited to examining few individuals for shorts amounts of time, due to the lack of effective computational tools for the analysis of large groups over prolonged time. To overcome this hurdle, we built a new behavioral arena and developed new software that accurately tracks many flies simultaneously over long time periods. The arena is cheap and easy to build and the software works with low resolution videos. Using these improved tools, we studied social isolation in groups of male flies. We found that isolation caused flies to form stronger interactions with neighboring flies in their social network. These behavioral changes were preceded by transient changes in the expression of metabolism genes and eventually resulted in isolated flies accumulating fat, as has been previously observed in studies in mice and humans. Our study opens the door for the use of fruit flies in future studies of social isolation.
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188
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Jaremka LM, Lebed O, Sunami N. Threats to Belonging, Immune Function, and Eating Behavior: an Examination of Sex and Gender Differences. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2018; 20:71. [PMID: 30094481 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The first goal of this review is to discuss the evidence linking belonging threats to immune function and food intake. The second goal is to evaluate whether the links among belonging threats, immune function, and eating behavior differ based on gender. RECENT FINDINGS Threats to belonging are linked to elevated herpesvirus antibody titers, dysregulated appetite-relevant hormones, and increased food consumption. Furthermore, these relationships are largely consistent for both men and women. Threats to belonging are also linked to elevated inflammation. However, some studies showed that these effects were stronger among women, others demonstrated that they were stronger among men, and others determined that the links were consistent for men and women. Understanding why belonging threats are inconsistently linked to inflammation across men and women is an important next step. We conclude the review with four concrete recommendations for researchers studying belonging threats, immune function, and eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Jaremka
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 212 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Olga Lebed
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 212 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Naoyuki Sunami
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 212 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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189
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Reisinger MW, Moss M, Clark BJ. Is lack of social support associated with a delay in seeking medical care? A cross-sectional study of Minnesota and Tennessee residents using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018139. [PMID: 30012778 PMCID: PMC6082447 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated an association between social support and lower morbidity and mortality. Delay in seeking medical care is associated with poor health outcomes. The relationship between social support and delay in seeking medical care has not been established. We sought to determine whether lack of social support is associated with higher rates of delays in seeking needed medical care. METHODS This is a cross-sectional observational study using data from the 2013 and 2014 Centers for Disease Control Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Participants who were asked questions about delays in medical care and social support were included. The primary outcome was a self-reported delay in seeking needed medical care. The primary independent variable of interest was a dichotomised measure of social support. Multivariable logistic regression was performed, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, comorbidities and access to care. RESULTS Participants without social support were more likely to report delaying needed medical care when compared with participants with social support (38%vs19%, p<0.001). The association between lack of social support and delays in care persisted after adjustment for demographics, socioeconomic status, comorbidities and access to care (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.45 to 2.06; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lack of perceived social support is associated with patient-reported delay of needed medical care. This association may contribute to the poor health outcomes experienced by those with a lack of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Reisinger
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Rose Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marc Moss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brendan J Clark
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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190
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Nersesian PV, Han HR, Yenokyan G, Blumenthal RS, Nolan MT, Hladek MD, Szanton SL. Loneliness in middle age and biomarkers of systemic inflammation: Findings from Midlife in the United States. Soc Sci Med 2018; 209:174-181. [PMID: 29735350 PMCID: PMC6013269 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Middle-aged adults who are lonely have an elevated likelihood of death. Systemic inflammation may contribute to these increased odds. Using population-level data, this study tested if systemic inflammation is associated with loneliness in a broad age range of middle-aged adults in the United States. METHODS This study used data from the Midlife in the US (MIDUS) survey Biomarker Project, which collected data on psychological, social, and physiological measures from a sample of middle-aged adults. This sample included the 927 participants who were 35-64 years at Biomarker Project data collection. MIDUS collected baseline data from 1995-1996 and a follow-up survey was conducted from 2004-2006. The baseline Milwaukee sample of African Americans was collected in 2005-2006 and the biomarker database was collected in 2004-2009. Biomarkers were obtained from a fasting blood sample. Self-reported loneliness was categorized as feeling lonely or not feeling lonely. Hierarchical regressions examined the association between biomarkers of systemic inflammation (interleukin-6, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein) and feeling lonely, adjusted for covariates. RESULTS Twenty-nine percent of the sample reported feeling lonely most or some of the time. There was a positive significant relationship between loneliness and the three systemic inflammation biomarkers after controlling for covariates: interleukin-6 (n = 873) (b [se] = 0.07 [0.03], p = .014); fibrinogen (n = 867) (b [se] = 18.24 [7.12], p = .011); and C-reactive protein (n = 867) (b [se] = 0.08 [0.04], p = .035). CONCLUSIONS Feeling lonely is associated with systemic inflammation in middle-aged community-dwelling US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Nersesian
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Hae-Ra Han
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Marie T Nolan
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Melissa D Hladek
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Sarah L Szanton
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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191
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Snodgrass JG, Dengah Ii HJF, Lacy MG, Else RJ, Polzer ER, Arevalo JMG, Cole SW. Social genomics of healthy and disordered internet gaming. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23146. [PMID: 29923288 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To combine social genomics with cultural approaches to expand understandings of the somatic health dynamics of online gaming, including in the controversial nosological construct of internet gaming disorder (IGD). METHODS In blood samples from 56 U.S. gamers, we examined expression of the conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA), a leukocyte gene expression profile activated by chronic stress. We compared positively engaged and problem gamers, as identified by an ethnographically developed measure, the Positive and Negative Gaming Experiences Scale (PNGE-42), and also by a clinically derived IGD scale (IGDS-SF9). RESULTS CTRA profiles showed a clear relationship with PNGE-42, with a substantial linkage to offline social support, but were not meaningfully associated with disordered play as measured by IGDS-SF9. CONCLUSIONS Our study advances understanding of the psychobiology of play, demonstrating via novel transcriptomic methods the association of negatively experienced internet play with biological measures of chronic threat, uncertainty, and distress. Our findings are consistent with the view that problematic patterns of online gaming are a proxy for broader patterns of biopsychosocial stress and distress such as loneliness, rather than a psychiatric disorder sui generis, which might exist apart from gamers' other life problems. By confirming the biological correlates of certain patterns of internet gaming, culturally-sensitive genomics approaches such as this can inform both evolutionary theorizing regarding the nature of play, as well as current psychiatric debates about the appropriateness of modeling distressful gaming on substance addiction and problem gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1787
| | - H J François Dengah Ii
- Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-0230
| | - Michael G Lacy
- Department of Sociology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1784
| | - Robert J Else
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 35487-0210
| | - Evan R Polzer
- Department of Anthropology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1787
| | - Jesusa M G Arevalo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Steven W Cole
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90095.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90095
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192
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Bae S, Lee S, Lee S, Jung S, Makino K, Park H, Shimada H. The role of social frailty in explaining the association between hearing problems and mild cognitive impairment in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 78:45-50. [PMID: 29890382 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the role of social frailty in the association between hearing problems and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and investigated which cognitive impairment domains are most strongly involved. METHODS Participants were 4251 older adults (mean age 72.5 ± 5.2 years, 46.1% male) who met the study inclusion criteria. Hearing problems were measured using the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly. Social frailty was identified using responses to five questions. Participants were divided into four groups depending on the presence of social frailty and hearing problems: control, social frailty, hearing problem, and co-occurrence. We assessed memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed using the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool. Participants were categorized into normal cognition, single- and multiple-domain MCI, depending on the number of impaired cognitive domains. RESULTS Participants with multiple-domain MCI exhibited the highest odds ratios (OR) of the co-occurrence group (OR: 3.89, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.96-7.72), followed by the social frailty (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.49-4.67), and hearing problem (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.08-3.34) groups, compared with the control group. However, single-domain MCI was not significantly associated with any group. Cognitive domain analysis revealed that impaired executive function and processing speed were associated with the co-occurrence, hearing problem, and social frailty groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Social frailty and hearing problems were independently associated with multiple-domain MCI. Comorbid conditions were more strongly associated with multiple-domain MCI. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the causal role of social frailty in the association between hearing impairment and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongryu Bae
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Sungchul Lee
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Songee Jung
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Keitaro Makino
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Health Care Science, Dong-A University, 37, 550-Gil Nakdongdaero, Saha, Busan 604-714, South Korea
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
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Knight JM, Kerswill SA, Hari P, Cole SW, Logan BR, D’Souza A, Shah NN, Horowitz MM, Stolley MR, Sloan EK, Giles KE, Costanzo ES, Hamadani M, Chhabra S, Dhakal B, Rizzo JD. Repurposing existing medications as cancer therapy: design and feasibility of a randomized pilot investigating propranolol administration in patients receiving hematopoietic cell transplantation. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:593. [PMID: 29793446 PMCID: PMC5968588 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repurposing existing medications for antineoplastic purposes can provide a safe, cost-effective, and efficacious means to further augment available cancer care. Clinical and preclinical studies suggest a role for the ß-adrenergic antagonist (ß-blocker) propranolol in reducing rates of tumor progression in both solid and hematologic malignancies. In patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), the peri-transplant period is a time of increased activity of the ß-adrenergically-mediated stress response. METHODS We conducted a proof-of-concept randomized controlled pilot study assessing the feasibility of propranolol administration to patients between ages 18-75 who received an autologous HCT for multiple myeloma. Feasibility was assessed by enrollment rate, tolerability, adherence, and retention. RESULTS One hundred fifty-four patients underwent screening; 31 (20%) enrolled in other oncology trials that precluded dual trial enrollment and 9 (6%) declined to enroll in the current trial. Eighty-nine (58%) did not meet eligibility requirements and 25 (16%) were eligible; of the remaining eligible patients, all were successfully enrolled and randomized. The most common reasons for ineligibility were current ß-blocker use, age, logistics, and medical contraindications. 92% of treatment arm patients tolerated and remained on propranolol for the study duration; 1 patient discontinued due to hypotension. Adherence rate in assessable patients (n = 10) was 94%. Study retention was 100%. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that it is feasible to recruit and treat multiple myeloma patients with propranolol during HCT, with the greatest obstacle being other competing oncology trials. These data support further studies examining propranolol and other potentially repurposed drugs in oncology populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION This randomized controlled trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier NCT02420223 on April 17, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Knight
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | | | - Parameswaran Hari
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Steve W. Cole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Brent R. Logan
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health & Society, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Anita D’Souza
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Nirav N. Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Mary M. Horowitz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | | | - Erica K. Sloan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | | | - Erin S. Costanzo
- Carbone Cancer Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Mehdi Hamadani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Saurabh Chhabra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Binod Dhakal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - J. Douglas Rizzo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
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194
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Flentje A, Kober KM, Carrico AW, Neilands TB, Flowers E, Heck NC, Aouizerat BE. Minority stress and leukocyte gene expression in sexual minority men living with treated HIV infection. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:335-345. [PMID: 29548994 PMCID: PMC5953835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual minority (i.e., non-heterosexual) individuals experience poorer mental and physical health, accounted for in part by the additional burden of sexual minority stress occurring from being situated in a culture favoring heteronormativity. Informed by previous research, the purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between sexual minority stress and leukocyte gene expression related to inflammation, cancer, immune function, and cardiovascular function. Sexual minority men living with HIV who were on anti-retroviral medication, had viral load < 200 copies/mL, and had biologically confirmed, recent methamphetamine use completed minority stress measures and submitted blood samples for RNA sequencing on leukocytes. Differential gene expression and pathway analyses were conducted comparing those with clinically elevated minority stress (n = 18) and those who did not meet the clinical cutoff (n = 20), covarying reactive urine toxicology results for very recent stimulant use. In total, 90 differentially expressed genes and 138 gene set pathways evidencing 2-directional perturbation were observed at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.10. Of these, 41 of the differentially expressed genes and 35 of the 2-directionally perturbed pathways were identified as functionally related to hypothesized mechanisms of inflammation, cancer, immune function, and cardiovascular function. The neuroactive-ligand receptor pathway (implicated in cancer development) was identified using signaling pathway impact analysis. Our results suggest several potential biological pathways for future work investigating the relationship between sexual minority stress and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annesa Flentje
- Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | - Kord M Kober
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Torsten B Neilands
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Elena Flowers
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Nicholas C Heck
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, United States
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, College of Dentistry, New York University, United States
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195
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Costa DL, Kahn ME, Roudiez C, Wilson S. Persistent Social Networks: Civil War Veterans Who Fought Together Co-Locate in Later Life. REGIONAL SCIENCE AND URBAN ECONOMICS 2018; 70:289-299. [PMID: 29887654 PMCID: PMC5990273 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the long reach of early social ties in the location decision of individuals and in their older age mortality risk using data on Union Army veterans of the US Civil War (1861-5). We estimate discrete choice migration models to quantify the trade-offs across locations faced by veterans. Veterans were more likely to move to a neighborhood or county where men from their same war company lived and were more likely to move to such areas than to areas where other veterans were located. Veterans also were less likely to move far from their origin and avoided urban immigrant areas and high mortality risk areas. They also avoided areas that opposed the Civil War. This co-location evidence highlights the existence of persistent social networks. Such social networks had long-term consequences: veterans living close to war-time comrades had a 6% lower probability of dying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora L Costa
- UCLA Department of Economics, 9272 Bunche Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1477 and NBER
| | - Matthew E Kahn
- USC Department of Economics, Los Angeles, CA 90089, and NBER
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196
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Abdellaoui A, Nivard MG, Hottenga JJ, Fedko I, Verweij KJH, Baselmans BML, Ehli EA, Davies GE, Bartels M, Boomsma DI, Cacioppo JT. Predicting loneliness with polygenic scores of social, psychological and psychiatric traits. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 17:e12472. [PMID: 29573219 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness is a heritable trait that accompanies multiple disorders. The association between loneliness and mental health indices may partly be due to inherited biological factors. We constructed polygenic scores for 27 traits related to behavior, cognition and mental health and tested their prediction for self-reported loneliness in a population-based sample of 8798 Dutch individuals. Polygenic scores for major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were significantly associated with loneliness. Of the Big Five personality dimensions, polygenic scores for neuroticism and conscientiousness also significantly predicted loneliness, as did the polygenic scores for subjective well-being, tiredness and self-rated health. When including all polygenic scores simultaneously into one model, only 2 major depression polygenic scores remained as significant predictors of loneliness. When controlling only for these 2 MDD polygenic scores, only neuroticism and schizophrenia remain significant. The total variation explained by all polygenic scores collectively was 1.7%. The association between the propensity to feel lonely and the susceptibility to psychiatric disorders thus pointed to a shared genetic etiology. The predictive power of polygenic scores will increase as the power of the genome-wide association studies on which they are based increases and may lead to clinically useful polygenic scores that can inform on the genetic predisposition to loneliness and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdellaoui
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J-J Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K J H Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B M L Baselmans
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - G E Davies
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - M Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J T Cacioppo
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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197
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Vawter MP, Philibert R, Rollins B, Ruppel PL, Osborn TW. Exon Array Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 3:197-213. [PMID: 29888231 DOI: 10.1159/000485800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study developed potential blood-based biomarker tests for diagnosing and differentiating schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder type I (BD), and normal control (NC) subjects using mRNA gene expression signatures. A total of 90 subjects (n = 30 each for the three groups of subjects) provided blood samples at two visits. The Affymetrix exon microarray was used to profile the expression of over 1.4 million probesets. We selected potential biomarker panels using the temporal stability of the probesets and also back-tested them at two different visits for each subject. The 18-gene biomarker panels, using logistic regression modeling, correctly differentiated the three groups of subjects with high accuracy across the two different clinical visits (83-88% accuracy). The results are also consistent with the actual data and the "leave-one-out" analyses, indicating that the models should be predictive when applied to independent data cohorts. Many of the SZ and BD subjects were taking antipsychotic and mood stabilizer medications at the time of blood draw, raising the possibility that these drugs could have affected some of the differential transcription signatures. Using an independent Illumina data set of gene expression data from antipsychotic medication-free SZ subjects, the 18-gene biomarker panels produced a receiver operating characteristic curve accuracy greater than 0.866 in patients that were less than 30 years of age and medication free. We confirmed select transcripts by quantitative PCR and the nCounter® System. The episodic nature of psychiatric disorders might lead to highly variable results depending on when blood is collected in relation to the severity of the disease/symptoms. We have found stable trait gene panel markers for lifelong psychiatric disorders that may have diagnostic utility in younger undiagnosed subjects where there is a critical unmet need. The study requires replication in subjects for ultimate proof of the utility of the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquis Philip Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Robert Philibert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brandi Rollins
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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198
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Social and demographic changes have led to an increased prevalence of loneliness and social isolation in modern society. Recent Advances: Population-based studies have demonstrated that both objective social isolation and the perception of social isolation (loneliness) are correlated with a higher risk of mortality and that both are clearly risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lonely individuals have increased peripheral vascular resistance and elevated blood pressure. Socially isolated animals develop more atherosclerosis than those housed in groups. CRITICAL ISSUES Molecular mechanisms responsible for the increased cardiovascular risk are poorly understood. In recent reports, loneliness and social stress were associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Repeated and chronic social stress leads to glucocorticoid resistance, enhanced myelopoiesis, upregulated proinflammatory gene expression, and oxidative stress. However, the causal role of these mechanisms in the development of loneliness-associated CVD remains unclear. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of how CVD is induced by loneliness and social isolation requires additional studies. Understanding of the pathomechanisms is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent the detrimental effects of social stress on health. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 837-851.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center , Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center , Mainz, Germany .,2 Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center , Mainz, Germany .,3 German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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199
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Agustí A, García-Pardo MP, López-Almela I, Campillo I, Maes M, Romaní-Pérez M, Sanz Y. Interplay Between the Gut-Brain Axis, Obesity and Cognitive Function. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:155. [PMID: 29615850 PMCID: PMC5864897 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity continues to be one of the major public health problems due to its high prevalence and co-morbidities. Common co-morbidities not only include cardiometabolic disorders but also mood and cognitive disorders. Obese subjects often show deficits in memory, learning and executive functions compared to normal weight subjects. Epidemiological studies also indicate that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing depression and anxiety, and vice versa. These associations between pathologies that presumably have different etiologies suggest shared pathological mechanisms. Gut microbiota is a mediating factor between the environmental pressures (e.g., diet, lifestyle) and host physiology, and its alteration could partly explain the cross-link between those pathologies. Westernized dietary patterns are known to be a major cause of the obesity epidemic, which also promotes a dysbiotic drift in the gut microbiota; this, in turn, seems to contribute to obesity-related complications. Experimental studies in animal models and, to a lesser extent, in humans suggest that the obesity-associated microbiota may contribute to the endocrine, neurochemical and inflammatory alterations underlying obesity and its comorbidities. These include dysregulation of the HPA-axis with overproduction of glucocorticoids, alterations in levels of neuroactive metabolites (e.g., neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids) and activation of a pro-inflammatory milieu that can cause neuro-inflammation. This review updates current knowledge about the role and mode of action of the gut microbiota in the cross-link between energy metabolism, mood and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Agustí
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria P García-Pardo
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Almela
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Campillo
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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200
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Dengah HF, Snodgrass JG, Else RJ, Polzer ER. The social networks and distinctive experiences of intensively involved online gamers: A novel mixed methods approach. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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