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Vistisen HT, Sønderskov KM, Dinesen PT, Brund RBK, Nielsen RØ, Østergaard SD. Running on empty: a longitudinal global study of psychological well-being among runners during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063455. [PMID: 36194449 PMCID: PMC9441734 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are indications that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound negative effect on psychological well-being. Here, we investigated this hypothesis using longitudinal data from a large global cohort of runners, providing unprecedented leverage for understanding how the temporal development in the pandemic pressure relates to well-being across countries. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Global. PARTICIPANTS We used data from the worldwide Garmin-RUNSAFE cohort that recruited runners with a Garmin Connect account, which is used for storing running activities tracked by a Garmin device. A total of 7808 Garmin Connect users from 86 countries participated. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES From 1 August 2019 (prepandemic) to 31 December 2020, participants completed surveys every second week that included the five-item WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Pandemic pressure was proxied by the number of COVID-19-related deaths per country, retrieved from the Coronavirus Resource Centre at Johns Hopkins University. Panel data regression including individual- and time-fixed effects was used to study the association between country-level COVID-19-related deaths over the past 14 days and individual-level self-reported well-being over the past 14 days. RESULTS The 7808 participants completed a total of 125 409 WHO-5 records over the study period. We found a statistically significant inverse relationship between the number of COVID-19-related deaths and the level of psychological well-being-independent of running activity and running injuries (a reduction of 1.42 WHO-5 points per COVID-19-related death per 10 000 individuals, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on the psychological well-being of the affected populations, which is concerning from a global mental health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Tilma Vistisen
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Mannemar Sønderskov
- Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for the Experimental-Philosophical Study of Discrimination, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Thisted Dinesen
- Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Political Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rasmus Østergaard Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Dinesen Østergaard
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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152
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Millman LSM, Hunter ECM, David AS, Orgs G, Terhune DB. Assessing responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions in depersonalization-derealization disorder. Psychiatry Res 2022; 315:114730. [PMID: 35870293 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The dissociative disorders and germane conditions are reliably characterized by elevated responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions. However, it remains unclear whether atypical responsiveness to suggestion is similarly present in depersonalization-derealization disorder (DDD). 55 DDD patients and 36 healthy controls completed a standardised behavioural measure of direct verbal suggestibility that includes a correction for compliant responding (BSS-C), and psychometric measures of depersonalization-derealization (CDS), mindfulness (FFMQ), imagery vividness (VVIQ), and anxiety (GAD-7). Relative to controls, patients did not exhibit elevated suggestibility (g = 0.26, BF10 = .11) but displayed significantly lower mindfulness (g = 1.38), and imagery vividness (g = 0.63), and significantly greater anxiety (g = 1.39). Although suggestibility did not correlate with severity of depersonalization-derealization symptoms in controls, r = -.03 [95% CI: -.36, .30], there was a weak tendency for a positive association in patients, r = .25, [95% CI: -.03, .48]. Exploratory analyses revealed that patients with more severe anomalous bodily experiences were also more responsive to suggestion, an effect not seen in controls. This study demonstrates that DDD is not characterized by elevated responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions. These results have implications for the aetiology and treatment of this condition, as well as its classification as a dissociative disorder in psychiatric nosology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Merritt Millman
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom.
| | - Elaine C M Hunter
- Institute of Mental Health, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, Fitzrovia, London W1T 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S David
- Institute of Mental Health, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, Fitzrovia, London W1T 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Orgs
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
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153
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Chen X, Lin F, Gao H, Zou Y. Stratified changes in emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a longitudinal survey of residents in Hubei province, China. J Psychosom Res 2022; 160:110959. [PMID: 35810504 PMCID: PMC9164624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on individuals' emotional wellbeing and mental health. However, little research has examined emotional resilience during the pandemic. This study investigated the changes in emotional distress among residents in Hubei, the epicenter of the pandemic in China during the early stage of the pandemic, and we examined the sociodemographic differences in their emotional recovery. METHODS We undertook a two-wave panel survey of 3816 residents aged ≥18 in Hubei, China. The baseline survey was conducted during early February 2020, the peak of the outbreak. The follow-up survey was carried out when the pandemic was mainly under control. The data enabled us to investigate the within-person changes in COVID-19-related negative emotions. Mixed-effect regression models with a random effect for participants were used to accommodate repeated measures. RESULTS Respondents reported high levels of emotional distress at the peak of the pandemic and experienced a decline in emotional distress when the pandemic was under control. Moreover, respondents aged 35-49, with a college education or above, were employed, and having better self-rated health experienced a more substantial decrease in negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION This study identified vulnerable populations who may experience prolonged emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The results suggest that respondents who aged over 50, with no college education, were not employed, and with worse self-rated health were less resilient during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Fen Lin
- Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, China
| | - Yuchun Zou
- Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China
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154
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De Kock JH, Latham HA, Cowden RG. The mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2022; 35:311-316. [PMID: 35855506 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mental health (MH) problems among healthcare workers (HCWs) have the potential to impact negatively on the capacity of health systems to respond effectively to COVID-19. A thorough understanding of the factors that degrade or promote the MH of HCWs is needed to design and implement suitable intervention strategies to support the wellbeing of this population. RECENT FINDINGS MH problems among HCWs were elevated prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Accumulating evidence indicates that this public health crisis has had a disproportionately negative impact on the MH of specialised populations, including HCWs. Literature from prior health pandemics suggests that the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the MH of HCWs are likely to persist in the aftermath of the public health crisis. Primary and secondary risk factors for adverse MH outcomes have been identified and should be considered when implementing interventions to protect the MH of HCWs. SUMMARY The MH of HCWs has been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is having a detrimental influence on the public health response to COVID-19. Protecting the MH of HCWs both during and beyond this public health crisis should remain a top priority, with particular emphasis on multifaceted interventions that aim to balance the psychological needs of individual HCWs with organisational-level strategies that could be targeted to promote their wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard G Cowden
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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155
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Wild CJ, Norton L, Menon DK, Ripsman DA, Swartz RH, Owen AM. Disentangling the cognitive, physical, and mental health sequelae of COVID-19. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100750. [PMID: 36103880 PMCID: PMC9448696 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As COVID-19 cases exceed hundreds of millions globally, many survivors face cognitive challenges and prolonged symptoms. However, important questions about the cognitive effects of COVID-19 remain unresolved. In this cross-sectional online study, 478 adult volunteers who self-reported a positive test for COVID-19 (mean = 30 days since most recent test) perform significantly worse than pre-pandemic norms on cognitive measures of processing speed, reasoning, verbal, and overall performance, but not short-term memory, suggesting domain-specific deficits. Cognitive differences are even observed in participants who did not require hospitalization. Factor analysis of health- and COVID-related questionnaires reveals two clusters of symptoms—one that varies mostly with physical symptoms and illness severity, and one with mental health. Cognitive performance is positively correlated with the global measure encompassing physical symptoms, but not the one that broadly describes mental health, suggesting that the subjective experience of “long COVID” relates to physical symptoms and cognitive deficits, especially executive dysfunction. Survivors of COVID-19 exhibit cognitive differences in specific domains Speed of processing, verbal, and reasoning are affected, but not memory function Performance in affected domains is linked to physical but not mental health These effects are observed in mild and hospitalized cases of COVID-19
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Wild
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Loretta Norton
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Psychology, King's University College, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - David A Ripsman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Richard H Swartz
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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156
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Lewis KJS, Gordon‐Smith K, Saunders KEA, Dolman C, South M, Geddes J, Craddock N, Di Florio A, Jones I, Jones L. Mental health prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with bipolar disorder: Insights from prospective longitudinal data. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:658-666. [PMID: 35315963 PMCID: PMC9111192 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies have examined the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the public, but few have focused on individuals with existing severe mental illness with longitudinal data before and during the pandemic. AIMS To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of people with bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS In an ongoing study of people with BD who used an online mood monitoring tool, True Colours, 356 participants provided weekly data on their mental health. Symptoms of depression, mania, insomnia, and suicidal thoughts were compared in 2019 and 2020. From May 2020, participants also provided weekly data on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety, coping strategies, access to care, and medications. RESULTS On average, symptoms of depression, mania, insomnia, and suicidal thoughts did not significantly differ in 2020 compared to 2019, but there was evidence of heterogeneity. There were high rates of anxiety about the pandemic and its impact on coping strategies, which increased to over 70% of responders in January 2021. A significant proportion of participants reported difficulty accessing routine care (27%) and medications (21%). CONCLUSIONS Although mood symptoms did not significantly increase during the pandemic overall, we observed heterogeneity among our BD sample and other impacted areas. Individuals' unique histories and psychosocial circumstances are key and should be explored in future qualitative studies. The significant impacts of the pandemic may take time to manifest, particularly among those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged, highlighting the need for further long-term prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J. S. Lewis
- National Centre for Mental HealthMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Kate E. A. Saunders
- Department of PsychiatryWarneford Hospital, Oxford UniversityOxfordUK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustWarneford HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Clare Dolman
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeurosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthew South
- Department of PsychiatryWarneford Hospital, Oxford UniversityOxfordUK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustWarneford HospitalOxfordUK
| | - John Geddes
- Department of PsychiatryWarneford Hospital, Oxford UniversityOxfordUK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustWarneford HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Nick Craddock
- National Centre for Mental HealthMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Arianna Di Florio
- National Centre for Mental HealthMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Ian Jones
- National Centre for Mental HealthMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Lisa Jones
- Psychological MedicineUniversity of WorcesterWorcesterUK
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157
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Zhang X, Liu X, Mi Y, Wang W, Xu H. Resilience and Depressive Symptoms Mediated Pathways from Social Support to Suicidal Ideation Among Undergraduates During the COVID-19 Campus Lockdown in China. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2291-2301. [PMID: 36039109 PMCID: PMC9419890 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s377158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected people's mental health. The direct and indirect pathways between social support and suicidal ideation in the period are still unclear. This study explores the pathways from social support to suicidal ideation through resilience and depressive symptoms among undergraduates during the COVID-19 campus lockdown. Methods During two weeks of the COVID-19 campus lockdown, a total of 12,945 undergraduates at a university in eastern China completed the questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, suicidal ideation, social support, resilience, and depressive symptoms. A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to analyze the direct and indirect pathways from social support to suicidal ideation via the mediators of resilience and depressive symptoms. Results Of the 12,917 undergraduates included in this study, 7.4% (n = 955) reported they sometimes had suicidal ideation, 0.8% (n = 109) reported they often had suicidal ideation, 0.9% (n = 122) reported they always had suicidal ideation, and 13.2% (n = 1704) reported they had depressive symptoms. Social support exerted significant direct (β = -0.058), indirect (β = -0.225), and total (β = -0.283) effects on suicidal ideation; 20.5% of the total effect was direct, and 79.5% was indirect. Social support predicted suicidal ideation through resilience (β = -0.038), and depressive symptoms (β = -0.087), explaining 13.4%, and 30.7% of the total effect, respectively. Social support predicted suicidal ideation through the sequential mediation of resilience and depressive symptoms (β = -0.099), explaining 35.0% of the total effect. Conclusion This is the first study to provide the evidence of pathways from social support to suicidal ideation through resilience and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 campus lockdown among undergraduates in China. Both direct and indirect pathways from social support to suicidal ideation were identified as intervention targets to reduce suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhang
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Mi
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xu
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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158
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Mioni G, Cellini N, Romola M, Bruno F. The Association between Balanced Time Perspective, Personality Traits, Subjective Well-Being, and Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic. TIMING & TIME PERCEPTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/22134468-bja10062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study examines whether time perspectives (i.e., Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Hedonistic, Present Fatalistic and Future), Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective (DBTP), and personality traits (i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience) are good candidates to explain subjective well-being and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online survey, we recruited 1483 participants during the Italian mandatory lockdown. Multiple regressions analysis showed that time perspectives strongly predicted subjective well-being, depression, and stress. Participants highly oriented on Past Positive and Future had higher subjective well-being, while participants highly oriented on Past Negative and Present Fatalistic had lower subjective well-being. Regarding DBTP, participants who greatly deviated from the optimal temporal balance reported lower well-being and were more distressed. Regarding the impact of personality traits, extraversion and neuroticism were the factors that better explained subjective well-being, level of stress, and depression, whereas higher levels of openness were associated with lower levels of depression. Finally, DBTP was a significant moderator in the relationships of extraversion and neuroticism with subjective well-being. Implications for time-perspective theory and practical contributions of the study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Center, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Romola
- Academy of Cognitive Behavioral Sciences of Calabria (ASCoC), Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Bruno
- Academy of Cognitive Behavioral Sciences of Calabria (ASCoC), Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
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159
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Dionisie V, Ciobanu AM, Moisa E, Manea MC, Puiu MG. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Inpatient Admissions for Psychotic and Affective Disorders: The Experience of a Large Psychiatric Teaching Hospital in Romania. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081570. [PMID: 36011227 PMCID: PMC9407826 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a global sanitary crisis and, in addition, elicited serious mental health consequences. The utilization of psychiatric hospital-based services acts as an indicator of public mental health. Therefore, this research sought to investigate differences in the numbers and characteristics of inpatient admissions for psychotic and affective disorders at the largest Romanian psychiatric hospital between the period of lockdown (16 March−15 May 2020) and another three corresponding periods: the same year in the pre-lockdown period (16 January−15 March 2020), the immediate post-lockdown period (16 May−15 July 2020), and two years later (16 March−15 May 2022). A retrospective analysis was performed. The study included a total of 6604 patients. Inpatient admissions decreased during lockdown in comparison with the pre-lockdown period and immediate post-lockdown period for psychotic disorders (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and affective disorders (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). For both psychotic and affective disorders, a decrease in the age of the patients admitted during lockdown, as compared with the pre-lockdown period (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), was observed. The length of the hospital stay for affective disorders was higher immediately post-lockdown in comparison with the lockdown period (p < 0.001). Collectively, the present findings provide a glimpse of the immediate and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on patients’ access to mental healthcare in the form of hospitalization, and these findings could provide the basis for the development of a different approach to times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Dionisie
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Magdalena Ciobanu
- Department of Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Neurosciences Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emanuel Moisa
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea Costin Manea
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.M.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Maria Gabriela Puiu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.M.); (M.G.P.)
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160
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Baranauskas M, Kupčiūnaitė I, Stukas R. Mental Health and Physical Activity of Female Higher Education Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study from Lithuania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9725. [PMID: 35955080 PMCID: PMC9367914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During emerging adulthood (EA), higher education medical students undergo a higher risk of anxiety and depression compared to the general population. The aim of this comparative cross-sectional study was to compare the proportions of three mental disorders, namely anxiety, depression and somatisation in terms of their symptoms and self-reported physical activity (PA) levels across the cohorts of biomedical and non-biomedical female students as well as to assess the association between the mental health outcomes and PA use. Between September 2021 and January 2022, a total of 1231 female higher education students aged between 18 and 29 years old were recruited for the study. Severe symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as unexplained somatic complaints, were suffered by 51.9%, 11% and 23% of female students, respectively. Non-biomedical female students, compared to medicine and health sciences students, were more vulnerable due to the increased prevalence of negative mental health outcomes. The relationship between increased sports activity as a potential trigger for mental well-being and decreased severity of depressive symptoms was identified in the cohorts of both biomedical (adjusted odd ratio (ORadj) 0.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1-1.0) and non-biomedical (ORadj 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.9) female students. The current research highlights the importance of increasing sports activity by involving students in regular physical exercise of specific types for decreasing the severity of depressive symptoms in student-aged female populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Baranauskas
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Panevėžys University of Applied Sciences, 35200 Panevėžys, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Kupčiūnaitė
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Panevėžys University of Applied Sciences, 35200 Panevėžys, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Stukas
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
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161
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Exploring Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159169. [PMID: 35954538 PMCID: PMC9367830 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative data show that physical activity (PA) reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, with differential impacts across demographic groups. Qualitative research is limited; thus, this study aimed to understand barriers and facilitators to PA during the pandemic, focusing on groups more likely to have been affected by restrictions, and to map these onto the capability, opportunity, motivation model of behaviour (COM-B). One-to-one interviews were conducted with younger (aged 18–24) and older adults (aged 70+), those with long-term physical or mental health conditions, and parents of young children. Themes were identified using reflexive thematic analysis and were mapped onto COM-B domains. A total of 116 participants contributed (aged 18–93, 61% female, 71% White British). Key themes were the importance of the outdoor environment, impact of COVID-19 restrictions, fear of contracting COVID-19, and level of engagement with home exercise. Caring responsibilities and conflicting priorities were a barrier. PA as a method of socialising, establishing new routines, and the importance of PA for protecting mental health were motivators. Most themes mapped onto the physical opportunity (environmental factors) and reflective motivation (evaluations/plans) COM-B domains. Future interventions should target these domains during pandemics (e.g., adapting PA guidance depending on location and giving education on the health benefits of PA).
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Her ES, Lee S, Yang SJ, Park L, Park MG, Kim SJ, Shin Y. Lower-Income Predicts Increased Smartphone Use and Problematic Behaviors Among Schoolchildren During COVID-19 Related School Modification: A Longitudinal Study. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e225. [PMID: 35851864 PMCID: PMC9294501 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued for a couple of years, the long-term effects of the pandemic and the subsequent school curriculum modification on the mental health of children and parents need to be investigated. To clarify the changes that can occur during one school year and to predict the risk factors for vulnerable groups, this study identified parameters relative to children's screen time, their problematic behavior, and parental depression. METHODS A total of 186 participants were analyzed who were parents of elementary schoolchildren in South Korea. These parents were required to complete a web-based questionnaire twice. The questionnaires were conducted in June 2020 and September 2021. Participants' general demographics including family income, children's screen time, sleep patterns, problematic behavior, and parental depression were assessed via the parental questionnaire that included various measurement tools. RESULTS Children's body mass index (BMI) increased significantly in 2021 (18.94 ± 3.75 vs. 18.14 ± 3.30, P < 0.001). Smartphone frequency of use per week (5.35 vs. 4.54, P < 0.001) and screen time per day (3.52 vs. 3.16, P < 0.001) significantly increased during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The television screen time (2.88 vs. 3.26, P < 0.001), frequency of viewing (3.77 vs. 4.77, P < 0.001), and children's problematic behaviors significantly decreased (9.15 vs. 11.85, P < 0.001). A lower income household was a key predictor of increased smartphone frequency (B = 1.840, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.923-2.757, P < 0.001) and smartphone screen time (B = 1.992, 95% CI, 1.458-2.525, P < 0.001). The results showed that the lower income household (B = 5.624, 95% CI, 2.927-8.320, P < 0.001) and a child's psychiatric treatment history (B = 7.579, 95% CI, 5.666-9.492, P < 0.001) was the most significant predictor of problematic behaviors of children and parental depression (B = 3.476, 95% CI, 1.628-5.325, P < 0.001; B = 3.138, 95% CI, 1.827-4.450, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study suggested that children's smartphone screen time and BMI increased during COVID-19 because of the school curriculum modification following school closures in South Korea. The increased children's problematic behaviors and parental depression were predicted by lower-income households and the previous psychiatric history of children. These results indicate that multiple social support systems to the vulnerable group are needed during the ongoing pandemic and that a modified school setting is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sil Her
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sangha Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Yang
- Institute of Future Convergence, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - LiHae Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi Gyeong Park
- Child & Adolescent Mental Health Welfare Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seong-Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Yunmi Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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The Wither or Thrive Model of Resilience: an Integrative Framework of Dynamic Vulnerability and Resilience in the Face of Repeated Stressors During the COVID-19 Pandemic. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2022; 3:261-282. [PMID: 35856054 PMCID: PMC9281234 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, empirical efforts in the psychological sciences have been unequivocally focused on understanding the psychosocial impact on resilience and vulnerability. While current empirical work is guided by different existing theoretical models of resilience and vulnerability, the emerging datasets have also pointed to a necessity for an update of these models. Due to the unique features and developments specific to the current pandemic such as the occurrence of repeated collective stressors of varying durations, in the current position paper, we introduce the Wither or Thrive model of Resilience (With:Resilience). It integrates key aspects of prevailing psychological resilience frameworks within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and extends them by (1) moving away from single scale approaches towards a higher-order latent expression of resilience and vulnerability incorporating also non-clinical mental health markers, (2) proposing different trajectories of resilience-vulnerability emerging across repeated stressors over long periods of time, and (3) by incorporating multiple influencing factors including aspects of the socio-economic concept of social cohesion as well as separate mediating processing mechanisms. We propose that With:Resilience will enable a more nuanced approach and appropriate analytical investigation of the vast incoming data on mental health and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we suggest some concrete methodological approaches. This framework will assist in the development of actionable public health guidelines for society in the present and future pandemic contexts as well as aid policy making and the interventional sciences aimed at protecting the most vulnerable amongst us.
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164
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Gaggero A, Fernández-Pérez Á, Jiménez-Rubio D. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression in older adults: A panel data analysis. Health Policy 2022; 126:865-871. [PMID: 35868871 PMCID: PMC9271012 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression in the older population, an especially vulnerable group for which to date there is limited empirical research. Methods We employ a panel data consisting of seven waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2010–2020). The breadth and depth of the data considered enabled us to control for individual fixed effects, to adjust for pre-pandemic trends in depression levels and to perform a heterogeneity analysis, depending on the intensity of the lockdown measures implemented and relevant socioeconomic characteristics. Results We find that, following the COVID-19 pandemic, study participants reported a statistically significant increase in the depressive symptoms by around 0.7 over 8 points as measured by the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) index. The estimated coefficients were larger in November than in July, for individuals who lost their job, retired and women. Interestingly, we observed that mental health has worsened substantially relative to the pre-pandemic period across all income groups of the older population, suggesting a limited role of income as a protective mechanism for mental health. Conclusions Our findings provide compelling evidence that depression levels amongst older adults have worsened considerably following the COVID-19 pandemic, and that factors other than income, such as social interactions, may be highly relevant for well-being in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gaggero
- Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Ángel Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Dolores Jiménez-Rubio
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain.
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Fernández-Sanlés A, Smith D, Clayton GL, Northstone K, Carter AR, Millard LAC, Borges MC, Timpson NJ, Tilling K, Griffith GJ, Lawlor DA. Bias from questionnaire invitation and response in COVID-19 research: an example using ALSPAC. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:184. [PMID: 35919505 PMCID: PMC9294498 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17041.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Longitudinal studies are crucial for identifying potential risk factors for infection with, and consequences of, COVID-19, but relationships can be biased if they are associated with invitation and response to data collection. We describe factors relating to questionnaire invitation and response in COVID-19 questionnaire data collection in a multigenerational birth cohort (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, ALSPAC). Methods: We analysed online questionnaires completed between the beginning of the pandemic and easing of the first UK lockdown by participants with valid email addresses who had not actively disengaged from the study. We assessed associations of pre-pandemic sociodemographic, behavioural, anthropometric and health-related factors with: i) being sent a questionnaire; ii) returning a questionnaire; and iii) item response (for specific questions). Analyses were conducted in three cohorts: the index children born in the early 1990s (now young adults; 41 variables assessed), their mothers (35 variables) and the mothers' partners (27 variables). Results: Of 14,849 young adults, 41% were sent a questionnaire, of whom 57% returned one. Item response was >95%. In this cohort, 78% of factors were associated with being sent a questionnaire, 56% with returning one, and, as an example of item response, 20% with keyworker status response. For instance, children from mothers educated to degree-level had greater odds of being sent a questionnaire (OR=5.59; 95% CI=4.87-6.41), returning one (OR=1.60; 95% CI=1.31-1.95), and responding to items (e.g., keyworker status OR=1.65; 95% CI=0.88-3.04), relative to children from mothers with fewer qualifications. Invitation and response rates and associations were similar in all cohorts. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of considering potential biases due to non-response when using longitudinal studies in COVID-19 research and interpreting results. We recommend researchers report response rates and factors associated with invitation and response in all COVID-19 observational research studies, which can inform sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Fernández-Sanlés
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Daniel Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Gemma L Clayton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Alice R Carter
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Louise AC Millard
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Nicholas John Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Gareth J Griffith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
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166
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Village A, Francis LJ. How Did the Psychological Well-Being of Church of England Clergy and Laity Change From the First to the Third National COVID-19 Lockdowns? PASTORAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 71:653-666. [PMID: 35821736 PMCID: PMC9261886 DOI: 10.1007/s11089-022-01017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The balanced affect model of psychological well-being conceptualises positive and negative affect as two separate continua and well-being as the function of these two entities. The COVID-19 pandemic lasted over two years in the United Kingdom and initially caused widespread declines in mental health and well-being. This paper tests whether such declines continued or stabilised as the pandemic lockdowns persisted. The psychological well-being of a religiously committed sample was assessed by perceived changes in affect balance (a function of negative and positive affect) using The Index of Affect Balance Change (TIBACh) from the first to the third COVID-19 lockdowns in the Church of England. The 2020 sample in the first lockdown comprised 792 stipendiary parochial clergy and 2,815 laity who were not in licensed ministry in the Church of England. A repeat survey in the third lockdown in England in 2021 collected responses from 401 equivalent clergy and 1027 equivalent laity. Both clergy and lay people showed increased proportions reporting lower positive affect and increased proportions reporting higher negative affect in the second survey, suggesting psychological well-being had continued to deteriorate as lockdowns persisted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Village
- School of Humanities, York St John University, Lord Mayor’s Walk, York, YO31 7EX UK
| | - Leslie J. Francis
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
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167
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Dunn A, Alvarez J, Arbon A, Bremner S, Elsby-Pearson C, Emsley R, Jones C, Lawrence P, Lester KJ, Majdandžić M, Morson N, Perry N, Simner J, Thomson A, Cartwright-Hatton S. Effectiveness of an Online Intervention to Prevent Anxiety in the Children of Anxious Parents: A Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial. (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e40707. [PMID: 36355406 PMCID: PMC9693706 DOI: 10.2196/40707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety is the most common childhood mental health condition and is associated with impaired child outcomes, including increased risk of mental health difficulties in adulthood. Anxiety runs in families: when a parent has anxiety, their child has a 50% higher chance of developing it themselves. Environmental factors are predominant in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety and, of these, parenting processes play a major role. Interventions that target parents to support them to limit the impact of any anxiogenic parenting behaviors are associated with reduced anxiety in their children. A brief UK-based group intervention delivered to parents within the UK National Health Service led to a 16% reduction in children meeting the criteria for an anxiety disorder. However, this intervention is not widely accessible. To widen access, a 9-module web-based version of this intervention has been developed. This course comprises psychoeducation and home practice delivered through text, video, animations, and practice tasks. Objective This study seeks to evaluate the feasibility of delivering this web-based intervention and assess its effectiveness in reducing child anxiety symptoms. Methods This is the protocol for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a community sample of 1754 parents with self-identified high levels of anxiety with a child aged 2-11 years. Parents in the intervention arm will receive access to the web-based course, which they undertake at a self-determined rate. The control arm receives no intervention. Follow-up data collection is at months 6 and months 9-21. Intention-to-treat analysis will be conducted on outcomes including child anxiety, child mental health symptoms, and well-being; parental anxiety and well-being; and parenting behaviors. Results Funding was received in April 2020, and recruitment started in February 2021 and is projected to end in October 2022. A total of 1350 participants have been recruited as of May 2022. Conclusions The results of this RCT will provide evidence on the utility of a web-based course in preventing intergenerational transmission of anxiety and increase the understanding of familial anxiety. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04755933; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04755933 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/40707
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Dunn
- Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - James Alvarez
- Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Arbon
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, The Brighton and Sussex Clinical Trials Unit, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Bremner
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard Emsley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Lawrence
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J Lester
- Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Mirjana Majdandžić
- Department of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natalie Morson
- Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Nicky Perry
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, The Brighton and Sussex Clinical Trials Unit, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Simner
- Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Thomson
- Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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168
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Bennett J, Heron J, Gunnell D, Purdy S, Linton MJ. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on student mental health and wellbeing in UK university students: a multiyear cross-sectional analysis. J Ment Health 2022; 31:597-604. [PMID: 35786110 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2091766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ongoing concern for the unique mental health challenges faced by university students has been magnified by the disruption of the global COVID-19 pandemic since March 2020. AIMS This study aimed to investigate changes in mental health and wellbeing outcomes for UK university students since the pandemic began, and to examine whether more vulnerable groups were disproportionately impacted. METHODS Students at a UK university responded to anonymous online cross-sectional surveys in 2019 (N = 2637), 2020 (N = 3693), and 2021 (N = 2772). Students completed measures of depression, anxiety and subjective wellbeing (SWB). Multivariable logistic regression models investigated associations of survey year and sociodemographic characteristics with mental health and SWB. RESULTS Compared to 2019, fewer students showed high levels of depression and anxiety symptoms in 2020. However, there was evidence of worsened levels of anxiety and SWB in 2021 compared to 2019. Interaction effects indicated that students from a Black, Asian or minority ethnicity background and students previously diagnosed with a mental health difficulty showed improved outcomes in 2021 compared to previous years. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for sector-wide strategies including preventative approaches, appropriate treatment options for students already experiencing difficulties and ongoing monitoring post-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacks Bennett
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Gunnell
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Purdy
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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169
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Goodwin R, Takahashi M. Anxiety, past trauma and changes in relationships in Japan during COVID-19. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:377-381. [PMID: 35567802 PMCID: PMC9047618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Widely shared traumas have the potential to both improve and impair our relationships with others. During COVID-19 anxiety has been seen as a major individual vulnerability associated with relationship change, as have the wider economic, situational factors facing families and communities. In this national sample of 997 Japanese respondents we assessed perceived relationship changes in couple relations, neighbourhood relations, and wider relations with Japanese nationals, alongside anxiety, exposure to previous mass traumas, household economics, education, and vulnerability to COVID-19. Whilst most respondents reported little change in their relationships during this year there was a small overall improvement in couple relationships and a decline in relations with wider communities. Participant's economic resources were positively associated with an improvement in couple relationships, while anxiety was associated with a decline in relations with both the neighbourhood and the wider society. While neither prior experience of mass trauma, nor education or health vulnerability to COVID-19, were associated with relationship change, having time to talk, and younger age, was positively associated with improvement in couple relations. Findings suggest that anxiety can function to distance relationships during a time of stress, but perceived changes in relationships are little effected by experience of previous trauma. Relationship growth is likely to be greatest in those with better economic conditions. Practitioners need to be mindful of the impact of enhanced anxiety during the pandemic on interpersonal relations, and a potential threat to the relationships of older couples during this time of pandemic threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, Gibbet Hill, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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170
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The Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academics working in Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy. Radiography (Lond) 2022; 28 Suppl 1:S41-S49. [PMID: 35981944 PMCID: PMC9288971 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Healthcare workers have been particularly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, as have those educating them, albeit differently. Several papers have identified a gendered difference in the impact of the pandemic. This study aims to determine impact of COVID-19 on the health and wellbeing of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy (MIRT) academics. Methods An electronic survey was designed in English on Qualtrics and distributed via email and online platforms to MIRT academics. Fifty-one questions were used; demographic (n = 9), work patterns (n = 11), general health (n = 8), mental health (n = 2), physical health (n = 10), and workload (n = 11). Overall, 46 were quantitative and five were qualitative ‘open-ended’ questions. The survey was open between 3rd March 2021 to 1st May 2021. Quantitative analysis was carried out using MS Excel v 16.61.1ss and SPSS v26. Results The survey reached 32 countries globally and 412 participants; 23.5% identified as men (n = 97) and 76.5% as women (n = 315). Women reported worse sleep quality than men and overwhelmingly felt they would not like to work remotely again if given a choice. A higher percentage of males, 73% versus 40.5% of females reported getting outdoors less. The CORE-10 validated questionnaire found that 10.3% of males (n = 42) and 2.7% of females (n = 11) experienced severe psychological distress the week immediately before the survey was conducted. Conclusion While the study has identified some gender-related differences in the impact of COVID-19 on the mental and physical health of MIRT academics, both males and females have experienced significant deterioration in health and wellbeing due to the pandemic. Implication for practice Developing mental health support for MIRT academics and defining optimum methods for raising awareness is recommended.
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171
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Role of social determinants in anxiety and depression symptoms during COVID-19: A longitudinal study of adults in North Carolina and Massachusetts. Behav Res Ther 2022; 154:104102. [PMID: 35561644 PMCID: PMC9056067 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Trajectory studies of the COVID-19 pandemic have described patterns of symptoms over time. Yet, few have examined whether social determinants of health predict the progression of depression and anxiety symptoms during COVID-19 or identified which social determinants worsen symptom trajectories. Using a racially, ethnically, and linguistically diverse sample of adults participating in a randomized clinical trial with pre-existing moderate to severe depression and/or anxiety symptoms, we compare symptom patterns before and during COVID-19; characterize symptom trajectories over a 20-week follow-up period; and evaluate whether social determinants are associated with within- and between- person differences in symptom trajectories. Data were collected before and during COVID-19 in Massachusetts and North Carolina. On average, depression and anxiety symptoms did not seem to worsen during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. During COVID-19, anxiety scores at follow-up were higher for participants with baseline food insecurity (vs no food insecurity). Depression scores at follow-up were higher for participants with food insecurity and for those with utilities insecurity (vs no insecurity). Participants with child or family care responsibilities at baseline had depression symptoms decreasing at a slower rate than those without these responsibilities. We discuss the important implications of these findings.
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172
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Kumari S, Parida SP, Sahu DP, Jena P. Physical, mental, spiritual and social wellbeing of urban population during the COVID-19 lockdown phases: a cross-sectional study. INDIAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2022.v34i02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: COVID 19 pandemic created immense mental & physical agony among human beings worldwide. The present study was conducted to assess the physical, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing of young adults and the elderly, during the lock-down phase of COVID-19. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 227 healthy adults in Bhubaneswar, capital of Odisha. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire pertaining to the physical, mental, social and spiritual health of participants. Results: During the lockdown, around two-thirds (65.4%) of the participants reported feeling helpless. The elderly felt more helpless than the young adults. One-third (73, 32.6%) of the participants experienced health issues during the lockdown period. The majority of the study participants (83.8%) mentioned that their family members shared tasks during lockdown which was a very positive sign observed in this study. Faith in God for the elderly and family support for the young adults made them mentally stronger. Conclusion: Managing pandemic needs a multipronged approach. But focusing on psychosocial health will prevent future unseen mental health pandemics and improve the resilience of mankind.
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Grygarová D, Adámek P, Juríčková V, Horáček J, Bakštein E, Fajnerová I, Kesner L. Impact of a Long Lockdown on Mental Health and the Role of Media Use: Web-Based Survey Study. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e36050. [PMID: 35605112 PMCID: PMC9277533 DOI: 10.2196/36050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Czech population experienced a second lockdown lasting for about half a year, restricting free movement and imposing social isolation. However, it is not known whether the impact of this long lockdown resulted in habituation to the adverse situation or in the traumatization of the Czech population, and whether the media and specific media use contributed to these effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of the long lockdown on the mental health of the Czech population, and the role of exposure to COVID-19 news reports and specific forms of media news use in mental health. METHODS We conducted two consecutive surveys in the early (November 2020) and late (March/April 2021) phases of the nationwide lockdown on the same nationally representative group of Czech adults (N=1777) participating in a longitudinal panel study. RESULTS Our findings showed that the self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression increased in the second observation period, confirming the negative effect of the pandemic lockdown as it unfolded, suggesting that restrictive measures and continuous exposure to a collective stressor did not result in the strengthening of resilience but rather in ongoing traumatization. The results also suggest a negative role of the media's coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic in mental health during the early, and particularly late, phases of the lockdown. Furthermore, we found several risk and protective factors of specific media news use. The media practice in news consumption connected to social media use was the strongest predictor of exacerbated mental health symptoms, particularly in the late phase of the lockdown. Moreover, news media use characterized by internalization of information learned from the news, as well as negative attitudes toward media news, were associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Conversely, the use of infotainment, together with an in-depth and contextual style of reading news articles, were related to improvement of mental health. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the long lockdown resulted in traumatization rather than habituation, and in more pronounced effects (both negative and positive) of media use in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Grygarová
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Adámek
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Juríčková
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Horáček
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Bakštein
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Early Stages of Severe Mental Illness Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Fajnerová
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Virtual Reality in Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kesner
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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174
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Kim S, Hwang J. Examining Risk Factors for Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Focusing on Older Adults in South Korea. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604487. [PMID: 35814736 PMCID: PMC9265210 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Mental health is the cornerstone of public health, particularly for older adults. There is a clear need to examine the impact of COVID-19 on mental health among older adults in South Korea, where the incidence of COVID-19 was relatively low and widespread transmission was controlled without a national lockdown. Methods: This analysis included a total of 1917 participants from the Experience Survey on Healthcare Use of Older Adults, which was conducted for adults aged 65 years or older by face-to-face interview. Results: The results showed that older adults with a good understanding of COVID-19 public health measures were less likely to experience mental health problems. In contrast, those with a greater risk perception of contracting COVID-19 had higher odds of experiencing tension and anxiety in addition to sadness and depression. Older adults who had a greater fear of COVID-19 and perceived higher-risk of contracting COVID-19 experienced more sleep problems. Conclusion: The findings provide new evidence on the factors that influence the mental health of older adults in South Korea during the pandemic and suggest the development of policy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jongnam Hwang
- Division of Social Welfare and Health Administration, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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175
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Novacek DM, Wynn JK, McCleery A, Reavis EA, Senturk D, Sugar CA, Tsai J, Green MF. Racial differences in the psychosocial response to the COVID-19 pandemic in veterans with psychosis or recent homelessness. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2022; 92:590-598. [PMID: 35737567 PMCID: PMC9958263 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disproportionately impact people of color and individuals experiencing psychosis and homelessness. However, it is unclear whether there are differences by race in psychosocial responses to the pandemic in vulnerable populations. The double jeopardy hypothesis posits that multiply marginalized individuals would experience worse psychosocial outcomes. The present study investigated the clinical and functional initial responses to the pandemic in both Black (n = 103) and White veterans (n = 98) with psychosis (PSY), recent homelessness (RHV), and in a control group (CTL) enrolled in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare services. Clinical interviews were administered via phone at two time points: baseline (mid-May through mid-August 2020) and follow-up (mid-August through September 2020). The baseline interview also included retrospective measures of pre-COVID status from January 2020. There were no significant differences between Black and White veterans in depression, anxiety, or loneliness. However, Black veterans did endorse more fears of contamination, F(1, 196.29) = 9.48, p = .002. Across all groups, Black veterans had better family integration compared to White veterans, F(1, 199.98) = 7.62, p = .006. There were no significant differences by race in social integration, work/role productivity, or independent living. In sum, there were few significant differences between Black and White veterans in initial psychosocial response to the pandemic. The lack of racial disparities might reflect the presence of VA's wrap-around services. The findings also highlight the robust nature of social support in Black veterans, even in the context of a global pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M. Novacek
- Center on Enhancing Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jonathan K. Wynn
- Center on Enhancing Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amanda McCleery
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Eric A. Reavis
- Center on Enhancing Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Damla Senturk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine A. Sugar
- Center on Enhancing Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jack Tsai
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael F. Green
- Center on Enhancing Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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176
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Longitudinal associations between going outdoors and mental health and wellbeing during a COVID-19 lockdown in the UK. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10580. [PMID: 35732816 PMCID: PMC9216298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to national lockdowns in countries around the world. Whilst lockdowns were shown to be effective in reducing the spread of disease, they were also associated with adverse effects on people’s mental health and wellbeing. Previous studies have suggested that time spent outside may have played a role in mitigating these negative effects, but research on this topic remains limited. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the longitudinal associations between going outdoors and people’s mental health and wellbeing during the first national lockdown (March–May 2020) in the UK. Data from 35,301 participants from the COVID-19 Social Study were analysed. Fixed effects regression was used to explore the longitudinal association between changes in going outdoors (the number of days spent outside) and changes in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, life satisfaction and loneliness. A range of household and neighbourhood moderators were examined. Results show that an increase in the number of days spent outside was associated with decreases in depressive and anxiety symptoms and an increase in life satisfaction. Associations were more salient amongst people living with others, and those with greater satisfaction with their neighbourhood walkability and green spaces. No longitudinal association was found with loneliness. Overall, our analyses showed a positive association between going outdoors and improved mental health and wellbeing during the first COVID-19 lockdown in the UK. These findings are important for formulating guidance for people to stay well at home during pandemics and for the on-going nature-based social prescribing scheme.
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177
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Daniels J, Rettie H. The Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Second Wave on Shielders and Their Family Members. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127333. [PMID: 35742580 PMCID: PMC9223363 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In March 2020, individuals shielding from coronavirus reported high rates of distress. This study investigated whether fear of contamination (FoC) and use of government-recommended behaviours (GRB; e.g., handwashing and wearing masks) were associated with psychological distress during February 2021. An online cross-sectional questionnaire assessed psychological distress in three groups (shielding self, shielding other/s, and control), and those shielding others also completed an adapted measure of health anxiety (α = 0.94). The sample (N = 723) was predominantly female (84%) with a mean age of 41.72 (SD = 15.15). Those shielding (self) demonstrated significantly higher rates of health anxiety and FoC in comparison to other groups (p < 0.001). The use of GRB was significantly lower in controls (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between the two shielding groups (p = 0.753). Rates of anxiety were higher when compared to March 2020 findings, except for controls. Hierarchical regressions indicated FoC and GRB accounted for 24% of variance in generalised anxiety (p < 0.001) and 28% in health anxiety, however, the latter was a non-significant predictor in final models. Those shielding themselves and others during the pandemic have experienced sustained levels of distress; special consideration must be given to those indirectly affected. Psychological interventions should account for realistic FoC and the impact of government-recommended health behaviours, as these factors are associated with distress in vulnerable groups and may extend beyond the pandemic. Future research should focus on longitudinal designs to monitor and better understand the clinical needs of those shielding, and those shielding others post-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Daniels
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Hannah Rettie
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
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178
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Unnarsdóttir AB, Lovik A, Fawns-Ritchie C, Ask H, Kõiv K, Hagen K, Didriksen M, Christoffersen LAN, Garðarsson AB, McIntosh A, Kähler AK, Campbell A, Hauksdóttir A, Erikstrup C, Mikkelsen DH, Altschul D, Thordardottir EB, Frans EM, Kvale G, Tómasson G, Kariis HM, Jónsdóttir HL, Rúnarsdóttir H, Magnúsdóttir I, Eid J, Jakobsdóttir J, Nielsen KR, Kaspersen KA, Milani L, Trogstad LIS, Yi L, Bruun MT, Sullivan PF, Magnus PM, Shen Q, Nesvåg R, Brandlistuen RE, Mägi R, Ostrowski SR, Løkhammer S, Solem S, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Hansen TF, Werge T, Aspelund T, Porteous DJ, Fang F, Lehto K, Andreassen OA, Pedersen OBV, Hellard SL, Valdimarsdóttir UA. Cohort Profile: COVIDMENT: COVID-19 cohorts on mental health across six nations. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:e108-e122. [PMID: 35020900 PMCID: PMC8690101 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bára Unnarsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anikó Lovik
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helga Ask
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kadri Kõiv
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristen Hagen
- Department of Psychiatry, Molde Hospital, Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust, Molde, Norway
| | - Maria Didriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna K Kähler
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Arna Hauksdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Dorte Helenius Mikkelsen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Drew Altschul
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edda Bjork Thordardottir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emma Maria Frans
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerd Kvale
- BCBP, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Tómasson
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Iceland
| | - Hanna Maria Kariis
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Harpa Lind Jónsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Harpa Rúnarsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingibjörg Magnúsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jarle Eid
- Faculty of Psychology, Center for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jóhanna Jakobsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kaspar René Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lill-Iren Schou Trogstad
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lu Yi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mie Topholm Bruun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Per Minor Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qing Shen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Nesvåg
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E Brandlistuen
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Solveig Løkhammer
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stian Solem
- BCBP, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshopitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- NovoNordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fang Fang
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelli Lehto
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Faculty of Medicine, NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- BCBP, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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179
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Liu CH, Chen PC, Chen JH, Yeh CC. Changes in self-harm- and violence-related urgent psychiatric consultation in the emergency department during the different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:384. [PMID: 35672738 PMCID: PMC9171742 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic significantly affected emergency department (ED) visits and urgent psychiatric consultation (UPC) seeking behavior in EDs. Our study explored the changes in UPCs during and after the pandemic peak. METHODS This retrospective observational study evaluated UPCs in the ED of a referral medical center in Taiwan, where treated both physical and psychiatric complaints. We defined the COVID-19 pandemic peak period as calendar week 4-18, 2020. The corresponding baseline as calendar week 4-18, 2019, and the slack period as week 4-18, 2021. The total number of UPCs, patient demographic data such as sex and age of the patients seen, the referral system (whether police or emergency medical service [EMS] or other sources), and the chief complaint (self-harm or violence) were recorded. RESULTS Compared with the baseline period, a significant decline in UPCs was observed in the pandemic peak period, and a rebound was observed in the slack period, with the median [IQR] Q1, Q3 values of 22 [18, 26], 12 [10, 17]), and 16 [15, 23], respectively. We observed significantly few men (34.9% vs 45.2%) and less violence (10.2% vs 17.6%) in the peak period compared with in the baseline period, but no significant difference was found compared with the slack period. Throughout the pandemic, younger patients (41.8 ± 17.4 in 2019, 39.2 ± 18.5 [p = 0.121] in 2020, and 35.6 ± 17.2 [p < 0.001] in 2021), higher proportions of police/EMS referral (38.7% in 2019, 41.9% [p = 0.473] in 2020, and 51.9% [p = 0.001] in 2021) and self-harm-related complaints (57% in 2019, 62.4% [p = 0.233] in 2020, and 64.9% [p = 0.049] in 2021) was noted among UPC seekers during the pandemic. However, the proportion of violence-related UPCs (17.6% in 2019, 10.2% [p = 0.023] in 2020, and 12.3% [p = 0.072] in 2021) declined. CONCLUSIONS This study found that UPCs changed throughout the pandemic. This result raises the concern that mental health needs are masked during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan city, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan city, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan city, Taiwan.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung city, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Hong Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan city, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung city, Taiwan.,National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan city, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung city, Taiwan.
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180
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Diverse Experiences and Coping During the COVID-19 Lockdown and Unlock in India. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9173734 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-022-00196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In response to the coronavirus pandemic, the Government of India imposed a nationwide lockdown of 21 days on May 25, 2020, which was extended thrice to a total of 68 days. Mandatory quarantine could hamper mental well-being, trust in the government, and compliance with guidelines. This study looks in-depth at individual accounts during the lockdown (phase A) and after the “unlock” (lifting of the nationwide lockdown; phase B) using telephonic interviews. Mass job loss and the exodus of migrant workers from major cities highlighted the need to include low-income groups in research; hence, purposive sampling was used. We interviewed 45 participants in phase A and 35 participants in phase B; the latter was drawn from the phase A pool based on availability and willingness. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Analysis revealed four themes of participants’ experiences, namely: (1) transitioning from a disrupted normal to a “new normal”; (2) accountability and lack of trust; (3) fear and uncertainty; and (4) perceived lack of control. Within the themes, coping with stressors was observed in six broad categories: (1) distraction, (2) escape/avoidance, (3) positive cognitive restructuring, (4) problem solving, (5) seeking support, and (6) religious coping. Results enabled the drawing of parallels and contrasts between various socioeconomic, religious, and sexual/gender groups and were discussed from the lens of cognitive appraisal theory and coping. The implications of these findings in psychological crisis intervention and policy are discussed, pointing toward the need to allow a collaborative effort and mutual trust to build a resilient society.
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181
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Sideropoulos V, Dukes D, Hanley M, Palikara O, Rhodes S, Riby DM, Samson AC, Van Herwegen J. The Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety and Worries for Families of Individuals with Special Education Needs and Disabilities in the UK. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:2656-2669. [PMID: 34196890 PMCID: PMC8246131 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected people across the world. The current study examined anxiety and worries during the first UK national lockdown in March 2020. Parents (n = 402) reported on their own anxiety and worries as well as that of their son/daughter with Special Education Needs and Disabilities (SEND) and typically developing (TD) child (n = 186) at three time points. Although both groups showed increased anxiety across the three time points, levels of anxiety in the SEND group, but not the TD siblings, were predicted by awareness about COVID-19. In addition, worries differed between the groups showing that COVID-19 impacts the wellbeing of those with SEND differently to that of their TD siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sideropoulos
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Dukes
- Institute of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Hanley
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Developmental Disorders, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - O Palikara
- Department for Education Studies, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - S Rhodes
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D M Riby
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Developmental Disorders, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - A C Samson
- Institute of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology, Unidistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
| | - J Van Herwegen
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK.
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182
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Mercuri M, Baigrie B. The brave new world of pandemic resilience. J Eval Clin Pract 2022; 28:347-352. [PMID: 35157779 PMCID: PMC9114919 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Mercuri
- Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
- Institute of Health Policy, Measurement and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Institute for the Future of KnowledgeUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkSouth Africa
| | - Brian Baigrie
- Institute of Health Policy, Measurement and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- The Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
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183
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Quintas J, Guerreiro A, de Carvalho MJL, Duarte V, Pedro AR, Gama AF, Keygnaert I, Dias S. The Implication of the First Wave of COVID-19 on Mental Health: Results from a Portuguese Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6489. [PMID: 35682079 PMCID: PMC9180313 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The social conditions created by the COVID-19 pandemic had a great potential to affect the mental health of individuals. Meta-analyses indicate a rise in these problems in these periods among general populations, patients and health professionals, even with substantial heterogeneous results. This paper examines mental health impacts specifically during the first wave of COVID-19. An online survey was conducted with a Portuguese convenience sample (N = 1.062) comprising questions about substance use, perceived stress, post-traumatic stress disorder and self-damage behaviors. The results concerning substance use show an extensive use of medication to sleep or calm down, especially among women and older respondents, a small percentage of alcohol consumers with a high pattern of use and less frequent cannabis consumption, even with a quarter of users who began only in the COVID-19 period. The rates of perceived stress and PTSD were higher compared with international prevalence estimations during the pandemic conditions. Both correlated measures were worse for women and young people. Another problematic issue was the rate of suicidal ideation, with a relevant proportion of starters during this period. These data reinforce the need to promote access to mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Quintas
- CJS—Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Crime, Justice and Security, School of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Guerreiro
- CJS—Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Crime, Justice and Security, School of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Maia (UMAIA), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Leote de Carvalho
- NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities (NOVA FCSH), 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal;
- CICS.NOVA—Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Duarte
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Maia (UMAIA), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal;
- CICS.NOVA—Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Pedro
- Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (A.F.G.); (S.D.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Gama
- Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (A.F.G.); (S.D.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Keygnaert
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- WHO Collaborating Centre: International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Centre for Social Studies on Migration and Refugees (CESSMIR), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sónia Dias
- Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (A.F.G.); (S.D.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
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Stevenson AJ, Huggins CF, Forbes A, Hume J, Fulton G, Thirlwall C, Miles J, Fawns-Ritchie C, Campbell A, Nangle C, Dawson R, Edwards R, Flaig R, Hartley L, Levein C, McCartney DL, Deary IJ, Hayward C, Marioni RE, McIntosh AM, Sudlow C, Porteous DJ. RuralCovidLife: A new resource for the impact of the pandemic on rural Scotland. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:317. [PMID: 38726350 PMCID: PMC11079587 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17325.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
RuralCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland's CovidLife project, investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures on people in Scotland. The RuralCovidLife project focuses on Scotland's rural communities, and how they have been impacted by the pandemic. During survey development, Generation Scotland consulted with people living or working in rural communities, and collaborated with a patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) group composed of rural community leaders. Through this consultation work, the RuralCovidLife survey was developed to assess the issues most pertinent to people in rural communities, such as mental health, employment, transport, connectivity, and local communities. Between 14th October and 30th November 2020, 3,365 participants from rural areas in Scotland took part in the survey. Participant ages ranged from 16 to 96 (mean = 58.4, standard deviation [SD] = 13.3), and the majority of the participants were female (70.5%). Over half (51.3%) had taken part in the original CovidLife survey. RuralCovidLife includes a subsample (n = 523) of participants from the Generation Scotland cohort. Pre-pandemic data on health and lifestyle, as well as biological samples, are available for these participants. These participants' data can also be linked to past and future healthcare records, allowing analysis of retrospective and prospective health outcomes. Like Generation Scotland, RuralCovidLife is designed as a resource for researchers. RuralCovidLife data, as well as the linked Generation Scotland data, is available for use by external researchers following approval from the Generation Scotland Access Committee. RuralCovidLife can be used to investigate mental health, well-being, and behaviour in participants living in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as comparisons with non-rural samples. Moreover, the sub-sample with full Generation Scotland data and linkage can be used to investigate the long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Stevenson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Charlotte F Huggins
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alison Forbes
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jim Hume
- Support in Mind Scotland, Edinburgh, EH16 5GA, UK
| | - Grant Fulton
- Fulton Fisheries Consultancies Limited, Isle of Harris, HS3 3DX, UK
| | - Claire Thirlwall
- Directorate of Public Health, Dumfries and Galloway Council, Dumfries, DG1 2DD, UK
| | | | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Clifford Nangle
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Rebecca Dawson
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Rachel Edwards
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Robin Flaig
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Louise Hartley
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Christie Levein
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
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185
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Thabrew H, Boggiss AL, Lim D, Schache K, Morunga E, Cao N, Cavadino A, Serlachius AS. Well-being app to support young people during the COVID-19 pandemic: randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058144. [PMID: 35589362 PMCID: PMC9121135 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of 'Whitu: seven ways in seven days', a well-being application (app) for young people. DESIGN Prospective randomised controlled trial of Whitu against waitlist control, with 45 participants in each arm. PARTICIPANTS 90 New Zealand young people aged 16-30 recruited via a social media advertising campaign. SETTING Participants' homes. INTERVENTIONS Developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and refined from a prototype version that was evaluated during a smaller qualitative study, 'Whitu: seven ways in seven days' is a well-being app that, as its name suggests, contains seven modules to help young people (1) recognise and rate emotions, (2) learn relaxation and mindfulness, (3) practice self-compassion and (4) gratitude, (5) connect with others, (6) care for their physical health and (7) engage in goal-setting. It can be completed within a week or as desired. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were changes in well-being on the WHO 5-item Well-Being Index and Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Secondary outcomes were changes in depression on the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, anxiety on the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, self-compassion on the Self Compassion Scale-Short Form, stress on the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, sleep on the single-item Sleep Quality Scale and user engagement on the end-user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale and via qualitative feedback during an online survey. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks (primary study endpoint) and 3 months, and analysed using linear mixed models with group, time and a group-time interaction. RESULTS At 4 weeks, participants in the Whitu group experienced significantly higher emotional (Mean difference (md) 13.19 (3.96 to 22.42); p=0.005) and mental (md 2.44 (0.27 to 4.61); p=0.027) well-being, self-compassion (md 0.56 (0.28 to 0.83); p<0.001) and sleep (md 1.13 (0.24 to 2.02); p=0.018), and significantly lower stress (md -4.69 (-7.61 to -1.76); p=0.002) and depression (md -5.34 (-10.14 to -0.53); p=0.030), compared with the waitlist controls. Group differences remained statistically significant at 3 months for all outcomes. Symptoms of anxiety were also lower in the intervention group at 4 weeks (p=0.096), with statistically significant differences at 3 months (md -2.31 (-4.54 to -0.08); p=0.042). Usability of Whitu was high (subjective ratings of 4.45 (0.72) and 4.38 (0.79) out of 5 at 4 weeks and 3 months, respectively) and qualitative feedback indicated individual and cultural acceptability of the app. CONCLUSIONS Given the evolving psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, Whitu could provide a clinically effective and scalable means of improving the well-being, mental health and resilience of young people. Replication of current findings with younger individuals and in other settings is planned. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000516987).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran Thabrew
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Lynette Boggiss
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Lim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kiralee Schache
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eva Morunga
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nic Cao
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Sofia Serlachius
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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186
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Westmaas JL, Masters M, Bandi P, Majmundar A, Asare S, Diver WR. COVID-19 and Tweets About Quitting Cigarette Smoking: Topic Model Analysis of Twitter Posts 2018-2020. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:e36215. [PMID: 35611092 PMCID: PMC9118581 DOI: 10.2196/36215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background The risk of infection and severity of illness by SARS-CoV-2 infection is elevated for people who smoke cigarettes and may motivate quitting. Organic public conversations on Twitter about quitting smoking could provide insight into quitting motivations or behaviors associated with the pandemic. Objective This study explored key topics of conversation about quitting cigarette smoking and examined their trajectory during 2018-2020. Methods Topic model analysis with latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) identified themes in US tweets with the term “quit smoking.” The model was trained on posts from 2018 and was then applied to tweets posted in 2019 and 2020. Analysis of variance and follow-up pairwise tests were used to compare the daily frequency of tweets within and across years by quarter. Results The mean numbers of daily tweets on quitting smoking in 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 133 (SD 36.2), 145 (SD 69.4), and 127 (SD 32.6), respectively. Six topics were extracted: (1) need to quit, (2) personal experiences, (3) electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), (4) advice/success, (5) quitting as a component of general health behavior change, and (6) clinics/services. Overall, the pandemic was not associated with changes in posts about quitting; instead, New Year’s resolutions and the 2019 e-cigarette or vaping use–associated lung injury (EVALI) epidemic were more plausible explanations for observed changes within and across years. Fewer second-quarter posts in 2020 for the topic e-cigarettes may reflect lower pandemic-related quitting interest, whereas fourth-quarter increases in 2020 for other topics pointed to a late-year upswing. Conclusions Twitter posts suggest that the pandemic did not generate greater interest in quitting smoking, but possibly a decrease in motivation when the rate of infections was increasing in the second quarter of 2020. Public health authorities may wish to craft messages for specific Twitter audiences (eg, using hashtags) to motivate quitting during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee Westmaas
- Population Science Department American Cancer Society Kennesaw, GA United States
| | - Matthew Masters
- Population Science Department American Cancer Society Kennesaw, GA United States
| | - Priti Bandi
- Population Science Department American Cancer Society Kennesaw, GA United States
| | - Anuja Majmundar
- Population Science Department American Cancer Society Kennesaw, GA United States
| | - Samuel Asare
- Population Science Department American Cancer Society Kennesaw, GA United States
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Population Science Department American Cancer Society Kennesaw, GA United States
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187
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Coelho FT, Scholl CC, Trettim JP, Silveira JB, Mello DBD, Santos MRD, Ferreira LA, Stigger RS, Matos MBD, Pinheiro RT, Quevedo LDA. Major depressive episode in mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study in the Southern Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022; 38:EN281521. [PMID: 35544875 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen281521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed individuals and families, causing adverse psychological effects, especially in young adults, women, and parents. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of current major depressive episode (CMDE) in mothers of preschoolers (up to five years old) and its associated stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic in a municipality in the Southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with mothers. All mothers were interviewed by telephone call during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I. Plus) to assess the presence of CMDE. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression. We evaluated 666 mothers. The prevalence of CMDE was 12.3%. Mothers with financial losses had 2.1 (95%CI: 1.3-3.4) more odds of presenting CMDE than those financially stable. We observed that financial losses were determinant for the higher prevalence of depression in mothers.
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188
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Chilunga FP, Coyer L, Collard D, Leenstra T, Galenkamp H, Agyemang C, Prins M, Stronks K. COVID-19 Impacts Across Multiple Life Domains of Vulnerable Socio-Demographic Groups Including Migrants: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604665. [PMID: 35645705 PMCID: PMC9131879 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We assessed the impacts of COVID-19 on multiple life domains across socio-demographic groups in Netherlands. Methods: After the first COVID-19 wave, we distributed online questionnaires among 13,031 participants of the multi-ethnic HELIUS cohort. Questionnaires contained questions on changes in income status, healthy behaviors, mental health, and access to non-COVID-19 health care. We then calculated differences in adjusted proportions of participants that reported negative changes across multiple life domains by migration background, age, sex, education, and occupation. Results: 4,450 individuals (35%) responded, of which 4,294 were included. Older populations and men seemed to be less vulnerable to negative changes in multiple life domains during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to the pre-pandemic period, while populations with a migration background and lower education/occupation groups seemed to be more vulnerable to negative changes. Conclusion: Not all populations vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality are also more vulnerable to COVID-19 impacts across multiple other life domains. Targeted interventions are needed in socio-demographic groups that are most impacted by COVID-19 in various life domains to prevent a further increase of their already increased risk of chronic diseases after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix P. Chilunga
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Felix P. Chilunga,
| | - Liza Coyer
- Public Health Department, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Didier Collard
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Public Health Department, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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189
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Faulkner P, Machon S, Brown C, Sandrini M, Kamboj S, Allen P. Cigarette smoking is associated with difficulties in the use of reappraisal for emotion regulation. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 234:109416. [PMID: 35339971 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative emotions can promote smoking relapse during a quit attempt. The use of cognitive reappraisal to self-regulate these emotions may therefore aid smoking cessation. Determining whether smokers exhibit difficulties in the use of reappraisal, and which factors are associated with such difficulties, may aid smoking cessations. METHODS 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers completed an online reappraisal task in which they either reappraised or naturally experienced emotions induced by negatively- and neutrally-valenced images that presented situations in either the 1st-person or 3rd-person perspective. Participants also completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). RESULTS Compared to non-smokers, smokers were less successful in using reappraisal to self-regulate emotions elicited by negatively-valenced images (but not neutrally-valenced images). Importantly, this effect was only true for images that were presented in the 1st-person (but not 3rd-person) perspective. Contrary to predictions, there were no group differences in DERS scores. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that smokers experience difficulties in the use of reappraisal, particularly in situations that appear to be happening to themselves. Because the use of this regulation technique may help smokers to quit, improving smokers' abilities to use reappraisal, particularly during negatively-valenced situations that directly influence the smoker, may aid smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Faulkner
- School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK.
| | - Sandra Machon
- School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Chris Brown
- School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Marco Sandrini
- School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Sunjeev Kamboj
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
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190
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Mansouri Z, Tayebi A, Khalili R, Faizi F. Design and implementation of a follow-up and training program of health-promoting lifestyle after the coronary artery bypass graft. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:133. [PMID: 35677279 PMCID: PMC9170207 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_885_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) plays an important role in reducing coronary heart disease mortality, but patients are still at risk after surgery. Consequences can be avoided if threatening behaviors are soon detected and lifestyles are promoted. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate, follow-up, and promote a healthy lifestyle in the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present research was a quasi-experimental pre- and postintervention single-group study on 35 patients under the CABG at two hospitals affiliated to the Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in Tehran from August 2020 to April 2021. The samples were selected using the purposive sampling method and the educational content was determined by creating an expert panel. We utilized the Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile II to collect data, and SPSS 22 to analyze them. RESULTS There was a significant difference between mean total scores of health-promoting lifestyle before and after the intervention and they reached from 138.7 ± 20 to 157.2 ± 18 (P < 0.0001). There was also a statistically significant difference between mean scores of nutrition (P < 0.003), physical activity (P < 0.0001), health responsibility (P < 0.0001), and stress management (P < 0.0001) before and after the intervention, but there was no statistically significant difference between mean scores of interpersonal relationships, and spiritual growth before and after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The program had a positive effect on the health-promoting lifestyle scores of patients after CABG. It is possible to increase scores of healthy lifestyles in the patients by combining face-to-face and virtual training methods as well as involving family members and relatives of patients in training and follow-up programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mansouri
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Tayebi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robabe Khalili
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakhrudin Faizi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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191
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Smith G, Harcourt S, Hoang U, Lemanska A, Elliot A, Morbey R, Hughes H, Lake I, Edeghere O, Oliver I, Sherlock J, Amlôt R, de Lusignan S. Observational study of mental health presentations across healthcare setting during the first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in England. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e32347. [PMID: 35486809 PMCID: PMC9359118 DOI: 10.2196/32347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented impact on the day-to-day lives of people, with several features potentially adversely affecting mental health. There is growing evidence of the size of the impact of COVID-19 on mental health, but much of this is from ongoing population surveys using validated mental health scores. Objective This study investigated the impact of the pandemic and control measures on mental health conditions presenting to a spectrum of national health care services monitored using real-time syndromic surveillance in England. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational descriptive study of mental health presentations (those calling the national medical helpline, National Health Service [NHS] 111; consulting general practitioners [GPs] in and out-of-hours; calling ambulance services; and attending emergency departments) from January 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020. Estimates for the impact of lockdown measures were provided using an interrupted time series analysis. Results Mental health presentations showed a marked decrease during the early stages of the pandemic. Postlockdown, attendances for mental health conditions reached higher than prepandemic levels across most systems—a rise of 10% compared to that expected for NHS 111 and 21% for GP out-of-hours service—while the number of consultations to GP in-hours service was 13% lower compared to the same time previous year. Increases were observed in calls to NHS 111 for sleep problems. Conclusions These analyses showed marked changes in the health care attendances and prescribing for common mental health conditions across a spectrum of health care provision, with some of these changes persisting. The reasons for such changes are likely to be complex and multifactorial. The impact of the pandemic on mental health may not be fully understood for some time, and therefore, these syndromic indicators should continue to be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Smith
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Service, UK Health Security Agency, 1st Floor, 5 St Philips Place, Birmingham, GB.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King's College London, London, GB
| | - Sally Harcourt
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Service, UK Health Security Agency, 1st Floor, 5 St Philips Place, Birmingham, GB
| | - Uy Hoang
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, GB
| | - Agnieszka Lemanska
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, GB
| | - Alex Elliot
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Service, UK Health Security Agency, 1st Floor, 5 St Philips Place, Birmingham, GB.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King's College London, London, GB
| | - Roger Morbey
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Service, UK Health Security Agency, 1st Floor, 5 St Philips Place, Birmingham, GB.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King's College London, London, GB
| | - Helen Hughes
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Service, UK Health Security Agency, 1st Floor, 5 St Philips Place, Birmingham, GB
| | - Iain Lake
- School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, GB.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King's College London, London, GB
| | - Obaghe Edeghere
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Service, UK Health Security Agency, 1st Floor, 5 St Philips Place, Birmingham, GB.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King's College London, London, GB
| | - Isabel Oliver
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, GB.,Chief Scientist Advisor Group, UK Health Security Agency, London, GB
| | - Julian Sherlock
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, GB
| | - Richard Amlôt
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King's College London, London, GB.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, GB.,Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, GB
| | - Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, GB.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, GB.,Royal College of General Practitioners, London, GB
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192
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The Impact of Maternal Prenatal Stress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic during the First 1000 Days: A Historical Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084710. [PMID: 35457577 PMCID: PMC9029063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has a major impact on society, particularly affecting its vulnerable members, including pregnant women and their unborn children. Pregnant mothers reported fear of infection, fear of vertical transmission, fear of poor birth and child outcomes, social isolation, uncertainty about their partner's presence during medical appointments and delivery, increased domestic abuse, and other collateral damage, including vaccine hesitancy. Accordingly, pregnant women's known vulnerability for mental health problems has become a concern during the COVID-19 pandemic, also because of the known effects of prenatal stress for the unborn child. The current narrative review provides a historical overview of transgenerational effects of exposure to disasters during pregnancy, and the role of maternal prenatal stress. We place these effects into the perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hereby, we aim to draw attention to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women of reproductive age (15-49 year) and its potential associated short-term and long-term consequences for the health of children who are conceived, carried, and born during this pandemic. Timely detection and intervention during the first 1000 days is essential to reduce the burden of transgenerational effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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193
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Carr E, Davis K, Bergin-Cartwright G, Lavelle G, Leightley D, Oetzmann C, Polling C, Stevelink SAM, Wickersham A, Razavi R, Hotopf M. Mental health among UK university staff and postgraduate students in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Occup Environ Med 2022; 79:259-267. [PMID: 34675129 PMCID: PMC8550872 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise the baseline King's College London Coronavirus Health and Experiences of Colleagues at King's cohort and describe patterns of probable depression and anxiety among staff and postgraduate research students at a large UK university in April/May 2020. METHODS An online survey was sent to current staff and postgraduate research students via email in April 2020 (n=2590). Primary outcomes were probable depression and anxiety, measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Secondary outcomes were alcohol use and perceived change in mental health. Outcomes were described using summary statistics and multivariable Poisson regression was used to explore associations with six groups of predictors: demographics and prior mental health, living arrangements, caring roles, healthcare, occupational factors and COVID-19 infection. All analyses were weighted to account for differences between the sample and target population in terms of age, gender, and ethnicity. RESULTS Around 20% of staff members and 30% of postgraduate research students met thresholds for probable depression or anxiety on the questionnaires. This doubled to around 40% among younger respondents aged <25. Other factors associated with probable depression and anxiety included female gender, belonging to an ethnic minority group, caregiving responsibilities and shielding or isolating. Around 20% of participants were found to reach cut-off for hazardous drinking on Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, while 30% were drinking more than before the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows worrying levels of symptoms of depression, anxiety and alcohol use disorder in an occupational sample from a large UK university in the months following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Carr
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katrina Davis
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Bergin-Cartwright
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Leightley
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- King's Centre for Military Health Research and Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carolin Oetzmann
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Polling
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sharon A M Stevelink
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- King's Centre for Military Health Research and Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Wickersham
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Reza Razavi
- King's College London School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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194
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One year after the COVID-19 outbreak in Germany: long-term changes in depression, anxiety, loneliness, distress and life satisfaction. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 273:289-299. [PMID: 35348855 PMCID: PMC8962282 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have linked the COVID-19 pandemic to unfavorable mental health outcomes. However, we know little about long-term changes in mental health due to the pandemic so far. Here, we used longitudinal data from a general population sample of 1388 adults from Germany, who were initially assessed between April and May 2020 (i.e., at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany) and prospectively followed up after 6 (n = 1082) and 12 months (n = 945). Depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as loneliness did not change from baseline to 6-month follow-up. While anxiety symptoms did not change in the long run, depressive symptoms and loneliness increased and life satisfaction decreased from baseline to 12-month follow-up. Moreover, vulnerable groups such as younger individuals or those with a history of mental disorders exhibited an overall higher level of psychopathological symptoms across all assessment waves. Our findings suggest a deterioration in mental health during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, which emphasizes the importance to implement targeted health promotions to prevent a further symptom escalation especially in vulnerable groups.
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195
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van de Weijer MP, Pelt DHM, de Vries LP, Huider F, van der Zee MD, Helmer Q, Ligthart L, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI, de Geus E, Bartels M. Genetic and environmental influences on quality of life: The COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12796. [PMID: 35289084 PMCID: PMC9111595 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By treating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as a natural experiment, we examine the influence of substantial environmental change (i.e., lockdown measures) on individual differences in quality of life (QoL) in the Netherlands. We compare QoL scores before the pandemic (N = 25,772) to QoL scores during the pandemic (N = 17,222) in a sample of twins and their family members. On a 10-point scale, we find a significant decrease in mean QoL from 7.73 (SD = 1.06) before the pandemic to 7.02 (SD = 1.36) during the pandemic (Cohen's d = 0.49). Additionally, variance decomposition shows an increase in unique environmental variance during the pandemic (0.30-1.08), and a decrease in the heritability estimate from 30.9% to 15.5%. We hypothesize that the increased environmental variance is the result of lockdown measures not impacting everybody equally. Whether these effects persist over longer periods and how they impact health inequalities remain topics for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot P van de Weijer
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk H M Pelt
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne P de Vries
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Huider
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs D van der Zee
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quinta Helmer
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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196
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Dimanova P, Borbás R, Schnider CB, Fehlbaum LV, Raschle NM. Prefrontal Cortical Thickness, Emotion Regulation Strategy use and Covid-19 Mental Health. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:877-889. [PMID: 35257168 PMCID: PMC8992300 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated restrictions have been linked to negative mental health outcomes across the globe. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies, neurally supported by prefrontal and limbic regions, constitute means to mitigate negative affects resulting from adverse life experiences. Variations in cognitive emotion regulation strategy use, anxiety, and depression were assessed in 43 adults (31♀/12♂, age = 35.14 ± 9.20 years) during the first months following COVID-19 onset and at the end of 2020 (seven assessments). Direct and indirect effects of emotion regulatory brain structures assessed prior to the pandemic and emotion regulation strategy use during the pandemic were assessed in relation to mental well-being. Varying levels of anxiety and depression were observed. While adaptive emotion regulation strategies were most frequently employed, maladaptive strategies explained the highest variation in anxiety and depression scores. The effectiveness of specific emotion regulation strategies varied. Momentary emotion regulation strategy use mediated the association between cortical thickness in right lateral prefrontal cortex assessed prior to the pandemic and mental health during the pandemic. Early mental health measures impacted later mental well-being. Maladaptive strategies have a negative effect on mental health during prolonged stress as induced by pandemics, providing possible targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamina Dimanova
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Réka Borbás
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Psychiatric Clinic and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lynn Valérie Fehlbaum
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Psychiatric Clinic and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora Maria Raschle
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland.,University Psychiatric Clinic and University of Basel, Switzerland
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197
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Lewis KJS, Lewis C, Roberts A, Richards NA, Evison C, Pearce HA, Lloyd K, Meudell A, Edwards BM, Robinson CA, Poole R, John A, Bisson JI, Jones I. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in individuals with pre-existing mental illness. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e59. [PMID: 35249586 PMCID: PMC8914135 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected mental health, but most studies have been conducted in the general population. AIMS To identify factors associated with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with pre-existing mental illness. METHOD Participants (N = 2869, 78% women, ages 18-94 years) from a UK cohort (the National Centre for Mental Health) with a history of mental illness completed a cross-sectional online survey in June to August 2020. Mental health assessments were the GAD-7 (anxiety), PHQ-9 (depression) and WHO-5 (well-being) questionnaires, and a self-report question on whether their mental health had changed during the pandemic. Regressions examined associations between mental health outcomes and hypothesised risk factors. Secondary analyses examined associations between specific mental health diagnoses and mental health. RESULTS A total of 60% of participants reported that mental health had worsened during the pandemic. Younger age, difficulty accessing mental health services, low income, income affected by COVID-19, worry about COVID-19, reduced sleep and increased alcohol/drug use were associated with increased depression and anxiety symptoms and reduced well-being. Feeling socially supported by friends/family/services was associated with better mental health and well-being. Participants with a history of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or eating disorder were more likely to report that mental health had worsened during the pandemic than individuals without a history of these diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS We identified factors associated with worse mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with pre-existing mental illness, in addition to specific groups potentially at elevated risk of poor mental health during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J S Lewis
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Catrin Lewis
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Alice Roberts
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Natalie A Richards
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Claudia Evison
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Holly A Pearce
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Keith Lloyd
- Swansea Medical School, Swansea University, UK
| | - Alan Meudell
- Partnership in Research, National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Bethan M Edwards
- Partnership in Research, National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Catherine A Robinson
- Social Care and Society Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Rob Poole
- Centre for Mental Health and Society, Bangor University, UK
| | - Ann John
- Population Data Science Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, UK
| | - Jonathan I Bisson
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Ian Jones
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
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198
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Shinwari S, Odejimi O, Bagchi D. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the first UK lockdown on older age presentations to a regional psychiatric liaison service: A retrospective observational study. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:178-184. [PMID: 35494329 PMCID: PMC9045355 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_243_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and social isolation may have increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, possibly increasing mental health problems. However, due to fears of contracting COVID-19, patients may not have presented to hospitals. AIMS We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic measures and lockdown on elderly (≥65 years) presentations to a psychiatric liasion service. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A UK regional liasion psychiatry service. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mixed methods methodologies were used to assess data between 01/01/20 and 31/08/20, which were compared to data from the same time period in 2019. Statistical and thematic analyses were conducted to understand drivers of presentations. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Nonparametric testing and analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Presentations to liaison psychiatry reduced by 13% for 01-08/2020 compared to 01-08/2019, with a 42% reduction during lockdown. Average weekly presentations significantly decreased during the main lockdown months only (April 2019 vs. 2020: 213.0 [12.3] vs. 110.3 [22.9] [adjusted P = 0.006], May 2019 vs. 2020: 209.5 [14.6] vs. 148.8 [12.3] [adjusted P = 0.006]). There was only a trend toward reduced elderly presentations from January to August 2020 and during lockdown. Lockdown pressures did not drive significantly more new elderly presentations. However, we still found a highly significant difference in the distribution of causal factors for the elderly presentations affected by the pressures of lockdown compared to those who were not. CONCLUSIONS A trend toward reduced elderly presentations during lockdown and the pandemic was found. Thematic analysis supported by further statistical analysis of the drivers of elderly presentations showed that the pressures of lockdown clearly affected older age liaison psychiatry presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shinwari
- Urgent Care Mental Health Service, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Opeyemi Odejimi
- Urgent Care Mental Health Service, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Dhruba Bagchi
- Urgent Care Mental Health Service, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, UK.,Liaison Psychiatry, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, UK
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199
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A Pilot Study of Brief, Stepped Behavioral Activation for Primary Care Patients with Depressive Symptoms. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022; 30:17-27. [PMID: 35220524 PMCID: PMC8882215 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-022-09864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In a prior pilot study with primary care patients experiencing depressive symptoms, we observed positive outcomes for a behavioral activation protocol involving one visit and three calls. We aimed to pilot test a stepped version with flexible numbers of contacts. Fifteen primary care patients scoring 5–14 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 engaged in the three-tiered telephone-based intervention: (1) two calls (15–20 min each); (2) one 30–60 min encounter followed by two calls; and (3) one to six calls. Participants completed assessments at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and three months later. Participants improved from baseline to post-treatment and three months later for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and disability. Most participants (9 of 15) engaged in the first tier only, averaging less than one hour of contact, and reported benefits and high satisfaction. This intervention showed preliminary evidence of feasibility, acceptability, satisfaction, and benefits, warranting further pilot testing with primary care personnel.
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200
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Ziółkowska N, Bargiel-Matusiewicz K, Gruszczyńska E. Eudaimonic and Hedonic Psychological Well-Being among Parents of Children with Cancer before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1113. [PMID: 35207385 PMCID: PMC8875022 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to analyze the eudaimonic and hedonic well-being of parents of children with cancer by considering the role of a global stressor-the COVID-19 pandemic. One group of parents was assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the other was assessed before it occurred. It was hypothesized that there may be a cumulative effect of stress, with parents expressing lower well-being during the pandemic due to the accumulation of stress related to their child's illness and the pandemic. In total, 310 parents participated in the study. Following propensity score matching, 111 pairs were established. The results of the comparative analyses did not support the hypothesis, as the groups did not differ significantly in their reported levels of either eudaimonic (F (1.93) = 0.11, p = 0.75, ηp2= 0.001) or hedonic well-being (F (1.100) = 0.02, p = 0.89, ηp2 = 0.0001). These findings showed a limited effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of parents of children with cancer. The oncological disease of a child is likely to be the central and the strongest factor for the parents, meaning that an additional, global stressor does not cause deeper exacerbation of their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ziółkowska
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Chodakowska Street 19/31, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Ewa Gruszczyńska
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Chodakowska Street 19/31, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland;
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