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Ellison K, Schleicher H, Sale E. Effectiveness of a Suicide Prevention Lethal Means Training Program for the General Public. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:552-561. [PMID: 38064038 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the effectiveness of Conversations on Access to Lethal Means for the General Public (CALM-GP), a training for the public focusing on reducing access to lethal means during a crisis. The program adapted Counseling on Access to Lethal Means (CALM), developed for mental health practitioners and physicians. Participants completed pre/post surveys and follow-up surveys three months afterward. Measures included comfort and confidence in talking to a suicidal individual about access to lethal means, the likelihood of follow-up, and the number of lethal means conversations before and after the program. Surveys showed improvement in comfort and confidence talking about safely storing firearms and other lethal means and the likelihood of follow-up with that individual regarding access to lethal means. Results also indicated increased conversations participants had regarding suicide and lethal means at three-month follow-up. This evaluation suggests that CALM-GP is an effective suicide prevention and lethal means program for the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Ellison
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Hannah Schleicher
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sale
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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202
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Robertson D, Heriot G, Jamrozik E. Herd immunity to endemic diseases: Historical concepts and implications for public health policy. J Eval Clin Pract 2024. [PMID: 38562003 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Herd immunity" became a contested term during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the term "herd immunity" is often used to refer to thresholds at which some diseases can be eliminated (e.g., due to mass vaccination), the term has multiple referents. Different concepts of herd immunity have been relevant throughout the history of immunology and infectious disease epidemiology. For some diseases, herd immunity plays a role in the development of an endemic equilibrium, rather than elimination via threshold effects. METHODS We reviewed academic literature from 1920 to 2022, using historical and philosophical analysis to identify and develop relevant concepts of herd immunity. RESULTS This paper analyses the ambiguity surrounding the concept of herd immunity during the pandemic. We argue for the need to recapture a long-standing interpretation of this concept as one of the factors that leads to a dynamic endemic equilibrium between a host population and a mutating respiratory pathogen. CONCLUSIONS Informed by the history of infectious disease epidemiology, we argue that understanding the concept in this way will help us manage both SARS-CoV-2 and hundreds of other seasonal respiratory pathogens with which we live but which have been disrupted due to sustained public health measures/non-pharmaceutical interventions targeting SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Robertson
- Swiss National Science Foundation; Faculty of History, Oxford Centre for the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George Heriot
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Euzebiusz Jamrozik
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, The Ethox Centre & Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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203
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Borowsky PA, Yoon K, Eroraha A, Bonsu JM, Kington D, Lawani PE, Smith RN, Bliton JN. General surgery textbooks and surgical disparities. J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:145-152. [PMID: 38245468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some academic textbooks have previously disseminated simplistic or even incorrect conceptions of race. Propagation of such ideas in General Surgery could contribute to gaps in quality of care received by minority patients. This study aims to determine whether General Surgery textbooks provide a thorough understanding of racial disparities. METHODS General Surgery texts were drawn from Doody's list, an industry-standard list of textbooks for medical education. Technical guides, atlases, and books for non-General Surgery professionals were excluded. Passages mentioning medical differences amongst racial and ethnic groups were extracted. Six binary classifications were made, based on whether passages (a) described interventions to alleviate difference; (b) addressed environmental mediators of difference; (c) described the contribution of racism or discrimination; (d) used causal language to connect race to difference; (e) referred to known, heritable genetic mechanisms; and (f) directly provided a reference. Types of intervention were also extracted. A heuristic scale was calculated granting one point each for classifications a-c and losing one point for classification d. Three authors performed classifications, and raw agreement and Cohen's kappa were used to assess inter-rater reliability. RESULTS Thirteen textbooks from Doody's list contained 511 passages discussing medical differences among racial/ethnic groups. Among passages, 25% discussed white people, 22% Black people/African Americans, 19% Asians, 9% Latinos, 4% Jewish/Ashkenazi people, 3% Native Americans, and 18% other. Fifteen passages (2.9%) used language indicating race was the cause of medical difference, and only two explicitly discussed racism or discrimination. Most passages (370, 72.3%) received a scale of 0. 120 (23.5%) received a scale of 1, eight (1.2%) received a scale of 2, and zero received a scale of 3. The mean passage scale was 0.24 and is not changing with time (regression coefficient -0.006/year, p = 0.538). Agreement was 91.2% across all categories and overall Kappa was 0.62. CONCLUSIONS General Surgery textbooks do not provide readers with scientifically thorough understanding of health disparities. Teaching more comprehensive conceptions, including systemic causes and the role of racism, may prevent reflexive association of minority patients with poor outcomes. Future editions should include these details where disparities are discussed in an independent, comprehensive section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Borowsky
- Wellstar Kennestone Regional Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Marietta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Janice M Bonsu
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of ORthopaedic Surgery, Atlanta GA, United States
| | - Daniella Kington
- Wellstar Kennestone Regional Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Marietta, GA, United States
| | - Phyllis E Lawani
- NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Department of Women's Health, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Randi N Smith
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Acute Care Surgery, Atlanta GA, United States
| | - John N Bliton
- Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Queens, NY, United States.
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204
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Munir MM, Lima HA, Endo Y, Moazzam Z, Woldesenbet S, Azap L, Katayama E, Dilhoff M, Cloyd J, Ejaz A, Pawlik TM. Association of Racial and Economic Privilege on Postoperative Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries. J Surg Res 2024; 296:37-46. [PMID: 38215675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social determinants of health can play an important role in patient health. Privilege is a right, benefit, advantage, or opportunity that can positively affect all social determinants of health. We sought to assess variations in the prevalence of privilege among patient populations and define the association of privilege on postoperative surgical outcomes. METHODS Medicare beneficiaries who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, colectomy, and lung resection were identified. The Index of Concentration of Extremes (ICE), a validated metric of both social spatial polarization and privilege was calculated and merged with county-level data obtained from the American Community Survey. Textbook outcome (TO) was defined as absence of postoperative complications, extended length of stay, 90-day mortality, and 90-day readmission. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between ICE and TO. RESULTS Among 1,885,889 Medicare beneficiaries who met inclusion criteria, 655,980 (34.8%) individuals resided in areas with the highest privilege (i.e., White, high-income homogeneity), whereas 221,314 (11.7%) individuals resided in areas of the lowest privilege (i.e., Black, low-income homogeneity). The overall incidence of TO was 66.2% (n = 1,247,558). On multivariable regression, residence in the most advantaged neighbourhoods was associated with a lower chance of surgical complications (odds ratio [OR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88-0.91), a prolonged length of stay (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.79-82), 90-day readmission (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.92-0.95), and 90-day mortality (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.68-0.74) (all P < 0.001). Residence in the most privileged areas was associated with 19% increased odds of achieving TO (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.18-1.21), as well as a 6% reduction in Medicare expenditures versus individuals in the least privileged counties (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.94-0.94) (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Privilege, based on the ICE joint measure of racial/ethnic and economic spatial concentration, was strongly associated with the likelihood to achieve an "optimal" TO following surgery. As healthcare is a basic human right, privilege should not be associated with disparities in surgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Musaab Munir
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Henrique A Lima
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yutaka Endo
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zorays Moazzam
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Selamawit Woldesenbet
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lovette Azap
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erryk Katayama
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mary Dilhoff
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jordan Cloyd
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Aslam Ejaz
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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205
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Fasano GA, Bayard S, Johnson J, Gordon A, Harris M, Taiwo E, Yeung J, Zenilman M, Newman L, Bea VJ. Breast Cancer and Obesity: a Qualitative Analysis of a Diverse Population of Breast Cancer Patients' Perspectives on Weight Management. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:826-833. [PMID: 36959392 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity and weight gain in breast cancer survivors leads to a greater risk of recurrence and a decreased chance of survival. A paucity of data exists regarding strengths, weaknesses, and barriers for implementing culturally sensitive, patient-centered interventions for weight management among minority communities. The objective of this study was to evaluate breast cancer patients' experience and perspectives regarding weight management in a racially diverse population. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with breast cancer patients with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 regarding their experience with weight management. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Participants (n = 17) most commonly self-identified as non-Hispanic Black (70.6%). Nearly all participants felt comfortable being approached about weight management, yet less than half (41.2%) reported that they knew about the link between breast cancer and body weight prior to the interview. Four themes emerged: (1) lack of knowledge regarding the link between body weight and breast cancer risk, (2) barriers to weight management including family stressors, high cost, mental health issues, and chronic medical conditions, (3) previous attempts at weight loss including bariatric surgery, and (4) best practices for approaching weight management including discussion of weight management prior to survivorship. CONCLUSION There is a need for a multidisciplinary, patient-centered weight management program for minority breast cancer patients that improves awareness of the link between weight and breast cancer risk. Weight management should be introduced early on as an element of the treatment plan for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve A Fasano
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Solange Bayard
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josh Johnson
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Gordon
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, 506 6th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11215, USA
| | - Mia Harris
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, 506 6th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11215, USA
| | - Evelyn Taiwo
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, 506 6th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11215, USA
| | - Jennifer Yeung
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, 506 6th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11215, USA
| | - Michael Zenilman
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, 506 6th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11215, USA
| | - Lisa Newman
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivian J Bea
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, 506 6th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11215, USA.
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206
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Tynan M, Virzi N, Wooldridge JS, Morse JL, Herbert MS. Examining the Association Between Objective Physical Activity and Momentary Pain: A Systematic Review of Studies Using Ambulatory Assessment. J Pain 2024; 25:862-874. [PMID: 37914094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain (CP) is a debilitating and increasingly common health condition that adversely impacts function, including physical activity (PA). Research using ambulatory assessment (AA) methods (eg, ecological momentary assessment, actigraphy) offers promise for elucidating the relationship between momentary pain and objective PA in CP populations. This study aimed to systematically review articles assessing the association between momentary pain and PA in adults with CP as measured using AA and to make recommendations for the measurement and study of this relationship. Five databases were systematically searched, and 13 unique records (N = 768) met the inclusion criteria. CP conditions included mixed/nonspecific CP (k = 3), low back pain (k = 2), fibromyalgia (k = 1), unspecified arthritis (k = 1), and hip/knee osteoarthritis (k = 6). The average age of participants across studies was 55.29 years, and the majority identified as women (60.68%) and White (83.16%). All studies measured objective PA via actigraphy, and momentary pain with either a diary/log or ratings on an actigraph. Studies varied in the quantification of PA (ie, activity counts, step count, moderate-vigorous PA), statistical method (ie, correlation, regression, multilevel modeling), and inclusion of moderators (eg, pain acceptance). Studies reported mixed results for the pain-PA relationship. This heterogeneity suggests that no summarizing conclusions can be drawn about the pain-PA relationship without further investigation into its complex nuances. More within-person and exploratory examinations that maximize the richness of AA data are needed. A greater understanding of this relationship can inform psychotherapeutic and behavioral recommendations to improve CP outcomes. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents a systematic review of the literature on the association between momentary pain and PA in adults with CP as measured using AA methods. A better understanding of this nuanced relationship could help elucidate areas for timely intervention and may inform clinical recommendations to improve CP outcomes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023389913.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Tynan
- San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California
| | - Nicole Virzi
- San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California
| | - Jennalee S Wooldridge
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Jessica L Morse
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Matthew S Herbert
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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207
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Tsai J, Byrne TH. Rates and Predictors of Returns to Homelessness Among Veterans, 2018-2022. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:590-597. [PMID: 37979620 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The progress made by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs toward ending veteran homelessness requires that attention be paid to preventing returns to homelessness. METHODS Using national Veterans Affairs data on 293,820 exits from a Veterans Affairs homeless program to a permanent housing destination between January 2018 and December 2022, rates and predictors of returns to homelessness among veterans were examined. Analyses were conducted in June-August 2023. A return to homelessness was operationally defined as a return encounter with a Veterans Affairs homeless program. RESULTS A total of 5.8% of successful exits to permanent housing resulted in a return to homelessness within 6 months, 10.2% resulted in a return within 12 months, and 16.7% resulted in a return within 24 months. In the total sample, veterans who were male (hazard ratio=1.47), were widowed (hazard ratio=1.29), had diagnoses of drug use disorder (hazard ratio=1.40) or psychotic disorder (hazard ratio=1.20), and had used more inpatient or urgent care services in the previous year (hazard ratio=1.05-1.15) were at significantly greater risk of returning to homelessness. Many of these predictors remained significant in subgroup analyses of female veterans, veterans aged ≥65 years, and veterans in the Housing and Urban Development-Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing program. CONCLUSIONS Most homeless veterans served by Veterans Affairs who exit to permanent housing do not return to homelessness within two years. The most critical period seems to be the first year, when 1 in 10 veterans return to homelessness. Knowledge of these risk factors may be important in planning secondary and tertiary prevention efforts for homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Tsai
- National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, VA Homeless Programs Office, Washington, District of Columbia; School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Thomas H Byrne
- National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, VA Homeless Programs Office, Washington, District of Columbia; School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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208
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Lin J, Temperley HC, Larkins K, Waters C, Chong KL, Maida J, Proud D, Burgess A, Heriot A, Smart P, Mohan H. Evaluating the Educational Value of Cancer Registries - a Systematic Review and Thematic Analysis. J Cancer Educ 2024; 39:194-203. [PMID: 38146032 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-023-02394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer registries encompass a broad array of functions that underpin cancer control efforts. Despite education being fundamental to improving patient outcomes, little is known regarding the educational value of cancer registries. This review will evaluate the educational value of cancer registries for key stakeholders as reported within published literature and identify opportunities for enhancing their educational value. Four databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched using a predefined search strategy in keeping with the PRISMA statement. Data was extracted and synthesised in narrative format. Themes and frequency of discussion of educational content were explored using thematic content analysis. From 952 titles, ten eligible studies were identified, highlighting six stakeholder groups. Educational outcomes were identified relating to clinicians (6/10), researchers (5/10), patients (4/10), public health organisations (3/10), medical students (1/10) and the public (1/10). Cancer registries were found to educationally benefit key stakeholders despite educational value not being a key focus of any study. Deliberate efforts to harness the educational value of cancer registries should be considered to enable data-driven quality improvement, with the vast amount of data promising ample educational benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hugo C Temperley
- Department of Cancer Surgery, St. John of God Midland Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Kirsten Larkins
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caitlin Waters
- Department of Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Kit Loong Chong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack Maida
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Proud
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adele Burgess
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Heriot
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Smart
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Mohan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Codden RR, Sweeney C, Ofori-Atta BS, Herget KA, Wigren K, Edwards S, Carter ME, McCarty RD, Hashibe M, Doherty JA, Millar MM. Accuracy of patient race and ethnicity data in a central cancer registry. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:685-694. [PMID: 38019367 PMCID: PMC10960663 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Race and Hispanic ethnicity data can be challenging for central cancer registries to collect. We evaluated the accuracy of the race and Hispanic ethnicity variables collected by the Utah Cancer Registry compared to self-report. METHODS Participants were 3,162 cancer survivors who completed questionnaires administered in 2015-2022 by the Utah Cancer Registry. Each survey included separate questions collecting race and Hispanic ethnicity, respectively. Registry-collected race and Hispanic ethnicity were compared to self-reported values for the same individuals. We calculated sensitivity and specificity for each race category and Hispanic ethnicity separately. RESULTS Survey participants included 323 (10.2%) survivors identifying as Hispanic, a lower proportion Hispanic than the 12.1% in the registry Hispanic variable (sensitivity 88.2%, specificity 96.5%). For race, 43 participants (1.4%) self-identified as American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN), 32 (1.0%) as Asian, 23 (0.7%) as Black or African American, 16 (0.5%) Pacific Islander (PI), and 2994 (94.7%) as White. The registry race variable classified a smaller proportion of survivors as members of each of these race groups except White. Sensitivity for classification of race as AIAN was 9.3%, Asian 40.6%, Black 60.9%, PI 25.0%, and specificity for each of these groups was > 99%. Sensitivity and specificity for White were 98.8% and 47.4%. CONCLUSION Cancer registry race and Hispanic ethnicity data often did not match the individual's self-identification. Of particular concern is the high proportion of AIAN individuals whose race is misclassified. Continued attention should be directed to the accurate capture of race and ethnicity data by hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Codden
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Utah Cancer Registry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carol Sweeney
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Utah Cancer Registry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Blessing S Ofori-Atta
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Kacey Wigren
- Utah Cancer Registry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sandra Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Rachel D McCarty
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Utah Cancer Registry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Utah Cancer Registry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Morgan M Millar
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Utah Cancer Registry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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MacConnachie L, Zhang YS, Farina M, Gutierrez C, Hoover A, He Y, Aiello AE, Noppert GA. The association between incarceration and housing insecurity and advanced immune age during late life. Soc Sci Med 2024; 347:116698. [PMID: 38461610 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that psychosocial stress ages the immune system. Accordingly, immune aging may be an important potential mechanism linking psychosocial stress to aging-related decline and disease. Incarceration and housing insecurity represent severe and complex experiences of a multitude of psychosocial stressors, including discrimination, violence, and poverty. In this study, we investigated the association between incarceration and/or housing insecurity and advanced immune age in adults aged 55 and older. Our sample was derived from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), with n = 7003 individuals with valid housing insecurity data and n = 7523 with valid incarceration data. From 2016 Venous Blood Study data, we assessed immune aging using a comprehensive set of immune markers including inflammatory markers (IL-6, CRP, s-TNFR1), markers of viral control (CMV IgG antibodies), and ratios of T cell phenotypes (CD8+:CD4+, CD+ Memory: Naïve, CD4+ Memory: Naïve, CD8+ Memory: Naïve ratios). We found that both incarceration and housing insecurity were strongly associated with more advanced immune aging as indicated by increased inflammation, reduced viral control, and reduction in naïve T cells relative to memory T cells. Given that those who experienced incarceration, housing insecurity, and/or are racialized minorities were less likely to be included in this study, our results likely underestimated these associations. Despite these limitations, our study provided strong evidence that experiencing incarceration and/or housing insecurity may accelerate the aging of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren MacConnachie
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48103, USA.
| | - Yuan S Zhang
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mateo Farina
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Carmen Gutierrez
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew Hoover
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48103, USA.
| | - Yuelin He
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48103, USA.
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Grace A Noppert
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48103, USA.
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211
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Liu T, Li F, Li Y, Li J, Chen L, Yang Z, Cao C. Epidemiological characteristics and factors influencing hospitalization burden among trauma patients: a retrospective analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2024; 50:425-437. [PMID: 37653128 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-023-02353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This investigation aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics and hospitalization burden and its possible influencing factors of patients with different injury mechanisms. METHODS All trauma patients admitted via the emergency department at a trauma center from November 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022, were identified. The hospitalization burden, including the number of hospitalizations, deaths and in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and medical costs, was calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing the hospitalization burden of trauma. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the predictive value of the multivariate model. RESULTS 16 485 trauma patients with 16 552 hospitalizations were included, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 1.269‰, median LOS of 7 days, and median hospitalization costs of 54 725.28 CNY. The median age was 52 years. 62.54% were hospitalized due to falls. The upper and lower extremities were the most common injury regions. There are differences between the demographic, injury, and hospitalization characteristics and factors influencing hospitalization burden across injury mechanisms, but there were also common influencing factors. Injury region, surgery, transfusion, and ICU treatment are influential factors for prolonged LOS. Age, injury region, surgery, and transfusion were influential factors for high hospitalization costs. CONCLUSIONS This study provided primary evidence on the hospitalization burden of trauma. Considering demographics, injury and hospitalization characteristics as additional discriminators could further intervene in LOS and medical costs. Targeted efforts to use more early prevention measures could potentially lower future hospitalization burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangguo Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chunxia Cao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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212
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Nie F. Asian Hate, religion, and perceived changes in physical health: exploring the flip side of minority stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ethn Health 2024; 29:279-294. [PMID: 38332734 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2024.2314593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior research suggests that racism is associated with adverse mental health outcomes for Asians in the United States. Relatively less research has been conducted to examine the effects of racism on physical health, particularly the changes in physical health among Asians and Asian Americans. This study aims to fill in this gap in prior research. DESIGN Survey was conducted via Qualtrics in March 2023. A panel sample of 356 Asian and Asian American adults from across the US was collected. Ordinary Least Squares Regression was employed to examine the interrelationships among racism, religion, and perceived changes in physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Contrary to conventional wisdom, more frequent experience with blatant racism was associated with a perceived improvement in physical health after controlling for subtle racism, anxiety, acculturation, and various sociodemographic variables. Interestingly, this robust relationship was more significant among Asians who attended religious services more frequently. Additional three-way interactions revealed that the interaction between blatant racism and religious service attendance on perceived changes in physical health was more significant for US-born Asians and Asians of Indian or Japanese ethnicity. CONCLUSION Racism exerts a significant influence on physical health outcomes among Asians and Asian Americans. However, this relationship was contingent upon the specific aspect of racism and intersected with religiosity, acculturation, and ethnic identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Nie
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, USA
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213
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Wang H, Yee D, Potter D, Jewett P, Yau C, Beckwith H, Watson A, O'Grady N, Wilson A, Brain S, Pohlmann P, Blaes A. Impact of body mass index on pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: results from the I-SPY 2 trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 204:589-597. [PMID: 38216819 PMCID: PMC10959799 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased body mass index (BMI) has been associated with poor outcomes in women with breast cancer. We evaluated the association between BMI and pathological complete response (pCR) in the I-SPY 2 trial. METHODS 978 patients enrolled in the I-SPY 2 trial 3/2010-11/2016 and had a recorded baseline BMI prior to treatment were included in the analysis. Tumor subtypes were defined by hormone receptor and HER2 status. Pretreatment BMI was categorized as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2), and normal/underweight (< 25 kg/m2). pCR was defined as elimination of detectable invasive cancer in the breast and lymph nodes (ypT0/Tis and ypN0) at the time of surgery. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between BMI and pCR. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) between different BMI categories were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS The median age in the study population was 49 years. pCR rates were 32.8% in normal/underweight, 31.4% in overweight, and 32.5% in obese patients. In univariable analysis, there was no significant difference in pCR with BMI. In multivariable analysis adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, menopausal status, breast cancer subtype, and clinical stage, there was no significant difference in pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for obese compared with normal/underweight patients (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.68-1.63, P = 0.83), and for overweight compared with normal/underweight (OR = 1, 95% CI 0.64-1.47, P = 0.88). We tested for potential interaction between BMI and breast cancer subtype; however, the interaction was not significant in the multivariable model (P = 0.09). Multivariate Cox regression showed there was no difference in EFS (P = 0.81) or OS (P = 0.52) between obese, overweight, and normal/underweight breast cancer patients with a median follow-up time of 3.8 years. CONCLUSION We found no difference in pCR rates by BMI with actual body weight-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in this biologically high-risk breast cancer population in the I-SPY2 trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Wang
- Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA, USA
| | - Douglas Yee
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - David Potter
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Patricia Jewett
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Christina Yau
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Heather Beckwith
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Wilson
- Quantum Leap Healthcare Collaborative, San Francisco, USA
| | - Susie Brain
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Paula Pohlmann
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Anne Blaes
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Willis DE, Kaholokula JK, Andersen JA, Selig JP, Bogulski CA, Scott AJ, McElfish PA. Racial Misclassification, Discrimination, Consciousness, and Self-Rated Health Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Adults in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:730-738. [PMID: 36892814 PMCID: PMC9997430 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical researchers have historically utilized the variable of race uncritically, rarely defining race, rarely acknowledging it as a social construct, and often omitting information about how it was measured. In this study, we use the following definition of race: "a system of structuring opportunity and assigning value based on the social interpretation of how one looks." We examine the influence of racial misclassification, racial discrimination, and racial consciousness on the self-rated health of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) living in the United States of America (USA). METHODS Our analysis used online survey data from a subgroup of NHPI adults living in the USA (n = 252) who were oversampled as part of a larger study of US adults (N = 2022). Respondents were recruited between September 7, 2021 and October 3, 2021, from an online opt-in panel of individuals across the USA. Statistical analyses include weighted and unweighted descriptive statistics for the sample, as well as a weighted logistic regression for poor/fair self-rated health. RESULTS Odds of poor/fair self-rated health were greater for women (OR = 2.72; 95% CI [1.19, 6.21]) and those who experienced racial misclassification (OR = 2.90; 95% CI [1.20, 7.05]). No other sociodemographic, healthcare, or race-related variables were significantly associated with self-rated health in the fully adjusted results. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that racial misclassification may be an important correlate of self-rated health among NHPI adults in the US context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don E Willis
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48th St., Springdale, AR, 72762, USA.
| | - Joseph Keawe'aimoku Kaholokula
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Andersen
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48th St., Springdale, AR, 72762, USA
| | - James P Selig
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, USA
| | - Cari A Bogulski
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aaron J Scott
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, USA
| | - Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48th St., Springdale, AR, 72762, USA
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Gomes KD, Collette TL, Schlenk M, Judkins J, Sanchez-Cardona I, Channer B, Ross P, Fredrick G, Moore BA. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Suicidal ideation, and Stress: The Moderating Role of Dysfunctional and Recovery Cognitions. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:569-584. [PMID: 37073774 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2199798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trauma and stressor-related behavioral health conditions are prevalent in military populations and have become a major public health concern in recent years. Individuals who commonly report suicidal ideation often have comorbid mental health diagnoses (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD). However, the mechanisms associated with stress, suicidal ideation, and PTSD are unclear. METHOD The present study examined the moderating role of dysfunctional and recovery cognitions between (i) PTSD and suicidal ideation, and (ii) stress and suicidal ideation in two distinct samples. Sample 1 was composed of civilians and military personnel (N = 322). Sample 2 was composed of (N = 377) student service members and veterans (SSM/Vs). RESULTS In Study 1, we found that low recovery cognitions at higher and moderate levels of PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with increased suicidal ideation. High dysfunctional cognitions were significantly associated with suicidal ideation at higher levels of PTSD symptoms. In Study 2, we found no differences in any level of recovery cognitions at low and moderate stress levels with suicidal ideation. Higher levels of stress were associated with high dysfunctional cognitions and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Promoting higher levels of recovery cognitions and reducing dysfunctional cognitions are important in addressing stress, suicidal ideation, and comorbid conditions such as PTSD. Future research should focus on examining the clinical utility of the Dispositional Recovery and Dysfunction Inventory (DRDI) in other populations (i.e., firefighters and paramedics). This could contribute to efforts of suicide prevention and the promotion of the well-being of individuals experiencing suicidal ideation.
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216
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Alarkawi D, Tran TS, Chen W, March LM, Blyth FM, Blank RD, Bliuc D, Center JR. Health Perceptions, Multimorbidity, and New Fractures and Mortality Among Patients With a Fracture. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e248491. [PMID: 38656574 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance A high proportion of patients who sustain a fracture have multimorbidity. However, the association of multimorbidity with postfracture adverse outcomes, such as subsequent fractures and premature mortality, has not been widely explored. Objective To examine the association of multimorbidity and self-rated health with subsequent fractures and mortality after fracture. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study included participants from New South Wales, Australia, in the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study (n = 267 357). Participants were recruited from July 2005 to December 2009 and followed up from the date of the incident fracture until subsequent fracture, death, or the end of the study (April 2017), whichever occurred first, with questionnaire data linked to hospital admission and medication records. Data analysis was reported between March and September 2023. Exposures Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score and self-rated health (SRH). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were subsequent fracture or mortality after an incident fracture. Associations between SRH measures and subsequent fracture and mortality were also assessed. All analyses were stratified by sex given the different fracture and mortality risk profiles of females and males. Results Of 25 280 adults who sustained incident fractures, 16 191 (64%) were female (mean [SD] age, 74 [12] years) and 9089 (36%) were male (mean [SD] age, 74 [13] years). During a median follow-up time of 2.8 years (IQR, 1.1-5.2 years), 2540 females (16%) and 1135 males (12%) sustained a subsequent fracture and 2281 females (14%) and 2140 males (24%) died without a subsequent fracture. Compared with a CCI score of less than 2, those with a CCI score of 2 to 3 had an increased risk of subsequent fracture (females: hazard ratio [HR], 1.16 [95% CI, 1.05-1.27]; males: HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.09-1.43]) and mortality (females: HR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.99-2.40]; males: HR, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.71-2.09]). Those with a CCI score of 4 or greater had greater risks of subsequent fracture (females: HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.12-1.58]; males: HR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.21-1.81]) and mortality (females: HR, 4.48 [95% CI, 3.97-5.06]; males: HR, 3.82 [95% CI 3.41-4.29]). Self-rated health was also significantly associated with subsequent fracture and mortality. Those reporting the poorest health and quality of life had the highest subsequent fracture risks, and their mortality risks were even higher. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, both CCI and SRH measures were associated with increased risk of subsequent fractures and mortality after fracture, underscoring the importance of managing the care of patients with comorbidities who sustain a fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Alarkawi
- Bone Epidemiology, Clinical and Translation Science Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thach S Tran
- Bone Epidemiology, Clinical and Translation Science Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Bone Epidemiology, Clinical and Translation Science Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lyn M March
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert D Blank
- Bone Epidemiology, Clinical and Translation Science Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dana Bliuc
- Bone Epidemiology, Clinical and Translation Science Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Bone Epidemiology, Clinical and Translation Science Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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217
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McNamara M, Furukawa N, Cartwright EJ. Advancing Hepatitis C Elimination through Opt-Out Universal Screening and Treatment in Carceral Settings, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:S80-S87. [PMID: 38561831 PMCID: PMC10986823 DOI: 10.3201/eid3013.230859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Incarcerated persons are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) at rates ≈10 times higher than that of the general population in the United States. To achieve national hepatitis C elimination goals, the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C in incarcerated persons must be prioritized. In 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that all persons receive opt-out HCV screening upon entry into a carceral setting. We review recommendations, treatments, and policy strategies used to promote HCV opt-out universal HCV screening and treatment in incarcerated populations in the United States. Treatment of hepatitis C in carceral settings has increased but varies by jurisdiction and is not sufficient to achieve HCV elimination. Strengthening universal HCV screening and treatment of HCV-infected incarcerated persons is necessary for HCV elimination nationwide.
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218
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Zia B, Kouser T, Helal H, Awaad R. A Brief Overview of the Islamic Ethics of Suicide and Suicide-Related Contemporary Issues from a Sunnī Perspective: A Primer for Clinicians and Researchers. J Relig Health 2024; 63:968-984. [PMID: 38421564 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is a growing global health concern with complex socioeconomic implications. Understanding psychosocial resiliency factors may facilitate suicide prevention. Religious moral objections to suicide, including those inspired by the Islamic faith, appear to promote resilience to suicide. However, few English-language resources provide an overview of Islam's moral and ethical position on suicide, potentially hindering treatment of, and research on, suicide risk among Muslims. In the current paper, Islam's unanimous prohibition of suicide is explored and contextualized within the religion's foundational principles regarding the sanctity of life, the role and necessity of hardships, and one's responsibility to care for their body and to maintain their rights to their community. The role of harsh deterrents to suicide are contrasted with the impetus to show compassion to the deceased and the bereaved. Given the increasing focus on suicide-related topics such as euthanasia/ medical assistance in dying (MAID) and suicide contagion, Islam's ethical and legal position on suicide is discussed in the context of these contemporary moral issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Zia
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Taimur Kouser
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hosam Helal
- Department for the Study of Religion, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rania Awaad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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219
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Zhang H, Ruan WJ, Chou SP, Saha TD, Fan AZ, Huang B, White AM. Exploring patterns of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder among Asian Americans with a finer lens. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 257:111120. [PMID: 38402754 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND National survey data suggest Asian Americans (AA) are less likely to consume alcohol and develop AUD than Americans in other groups. However, it is common for AA to be born outside of the US and carry gene variants that alter alcohol metabolism, both of which can lead to lower levels of alcohol involvement. The current study examined differences in alcohol use and AUD between AA and other groups before and after controlling for birth location and gene variants. DESIGN Past year alcohol measures were examined from adults 18+ (N=22,848) in the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III before and after controlling for birth location (inside or outside of the US) and gene variants (ALDH2*2 and ADH1B*2/ADH1B*3). Gender gaps in alcohol measures also were assessed. RESULTS Before adjustments, AA were less likely than White Americans to drink in the previous year (OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.41-0.62), binge (OR=0.68, 95% CI 0.52-0.88), engage in frequent heavy drinking (OR=0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.73), and reach criteria for AUD (OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.53-0.94). After controlling for birth location and gene variants, AA remained less likely to drink in the past year (OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.41-0.70) but all other differences disappeared. Gender gaps were only observed for AA born outside of the US, highlighting the importance of experience rather than racial category per se. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that heterogeneity among AA leads to spurious generalizations regarding alcohol use and AUD and challenge the model minority myth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - W June Ruan
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - S Patricia Chou
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Tulshi D Saha
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Amy Z Fan
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Boji Huang
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Aaron M White
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, USA.
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220
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Lorenzo-Parodi N, Moebus S, Schmidt TC. Analysis of aromatic amines in human urine using comprehensive multi-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCxGC-MS). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 257:114343. [PMID: 38422601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Several aromatic amines (AA) are classified as human carcinogens, and tobacco smoke is one of the main sources of exposure. Once in the human body, they undergo different metabolic pathways which lead to either their excretion or ultimately to the formation of DNA and protein adducts. The aim of this study was to investigate AA in 68 urine samples (aged 29-79, 47% female), including 10 smokers (S), 28 past-smokers (PS) and 30 never-smokers (NS), and to study if there was a relation between the smoking status and the amount of the AA present. GCxGC-MS was used to analyze AA in complex urine samples due to its high peak capacity and the fact that it provides two sets of retention times and structural information, which facilitates the separation and identification of the target analytes. First, a qualitative comparison of an example set of a NS, PS and S sample was carried out, in which 38, 45 and 46 AA, respectively, could be tentatively identified. Afterwards, seven AA were successfully quantified in the samples. Of these, 4-ethylaniline (4EA, p = 0.015), 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (2,4,6TMA, p = 0.030), 2-naphthylamine (2NA, p = 0.014) and the sum of 2,4- and 2,6-dimethylaniline (DMA, p = 0.017) were found in significantly different (α = 0.05) concentrations for the S, 29 ± 14, 87 ± 49, 41 ± 26, and 105 ± 57 ng/L respectively, compared to the NS, 15 ± 6, 42 ± 30, 16 ± 6, and 48 ± 28 ng/L. And 2,4,6TMA (39 ± 26, p = 0.022), 2NA (18 ± 9, p = 0.025) and DMA (53 ± 46, p = 0.030), were also found at significantly higher concentrations in samples from S when compared to PS. However, some samples had AA concentrations outside the calibration curve and could not be taken into account, especially for 2-methylaniline (2MA). Therefore, all the samples were evaluated using a quantitative screening approach, by which the intensities of 4EA (p = 0.019), 2,4,6TMA (p = 0.048), 2NA (p = 0.016), DMA (p = 0.019) and 2MA (p = 0.006) in S were found to be significantly (α = 0.05) higher than in the NS, and 2MA (p = 0.019) and 4EA (p = 0.023) in S were found to be significantly higher than in the PS. An association between the smoking status and the amount of certain AA present could therefore be found. This information could be used to study the relation between the smoking status, the amount of AA present, and smoking related diseases like bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Lorenzo-Parodi
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Zweigerstrasse 37, 45130, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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DiBrog AM, Kern KA, Demieri E, Mietlicki-Baase EG. The alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PHA-543613 reduces food intake in male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 237:173723. [PMID: 38331049 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent disease, but effective treatment options remain limited. Agonists of the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) promote negative energy balance in mice, but these effects are not well-studied in rats. We tested the hypothesis that central administration of the α7nAChR agonist PHA-543613 (PHA) would decrease food intake and body weight in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) PHA administration in chow-fed rats produced a suppression of energy intake and weight gain over 24 h. Next, to evaluate effects of ICV PHA on palatable food intake, rats were maintained on a choice diet of rodent chow and 45 % high fat diet (HFD); under these conditions, ICV PHA produced no significant changes in energy intake from either food, or body weight gain, in the 24 h post-injection. However, when given a choice of chow or a higher-fat 60 % HFD, ICV PHA reduced intake of 60 % HFD, but not chow; body weight gain was also suppressed. Further experiments evaluating conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) and pica in response to ICV PHA suggested that the suppressive food intake and body weight effects after ICV injection of PHA were not due to nausea/malaise. Finally, an operant conditioning study showed that responding on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement for high-fat food pellets decreased after ICV PHA. Collectively, these studies show that PHA reduces energy intake under some but not all dietary conditions. Importantly, central PHA decreases both food intake as well as motivation for highly palatable, energy dense foods in rats without inducing nausea/malaise, suggesting that the α7nAChR could be a viable target for developing treatments for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne M DiBrog
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Katherine A Kern
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Emily Demieri
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Mietlicki-Baase
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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Yu L, Zhao X, Long Q, Li S, Zhang H, Teng Z, Chen J, Zhang Y, You X, Guo Z, Zeng Y. Association between a changeable lifestyle, sedentary behavior, and suicide risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:974-982. [PMID: 38266927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide and self-injury have become increasingly serious public health crises. Yet current evidence about the association between sedentary behavior (SB) and suicide is inconclusive. We explore the relationship between SB and suicide behavior to provide intervention measures to change the risk factors of the latter. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from database inception to September 10, 2023. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used as effect measures. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on gender, regions and countries, age, and study type. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included. According to the meta-analysis of suicide type, compared with individuals without sedentary behavior, individuals with sedentary behavior have a higher risk of suicide attempt (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.15-1.37, p < 0.001), suicide ideation (OR = 1.47, 95%CI:1.28-1.68, p < 0.001) and suicide plan (OR = 1.30, 95%CI:1.16-1.44, p < 0.001). We conducted multiple subgroup analyses for different suicidal behaviors. The analysis found that SB can increase the risk of suicide attempt in different subgroups of different genders, different research centers, Africa, and adolescents; SB can increase the risk of suicide ideation in the subgroups of different genders and ages, different research centers, Asia and Africa; SB can increase the risk of suicide plan in the subgroups of different genders, multi-center study, Africa, and adolescents. LIMITATIONS Future research should focus on objective SB measurement and explore its dose-response relation and time limit. CONCLUSION A sedentary lifestyle is associated with suicide behavior risk, with varying effects across age groups and regions, as evidenced in both single-center and multi-center studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xinling Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qing Long
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Department of Student Affairs Office, Suizhou Vocational & Technical College, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huaxia Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhaowei Teng
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yunqiao Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xu You
- Department of Psychiatry, Honghe Second People's Hospital, Honghe, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zeyi Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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223
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Elkaragy ES, Shamseya MM, Metwally RH, Mansour ER, Lashen SA. Efficacy of lubiprostone for functional constipation treatment in adolescents and children: Randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:800-809. [PMID: 38314885 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adolescent and pediatric functional constipation (FC) is a common clinical problem. Currently, data on lubiprostone for the treatment of pediatric FC are scarce. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of lubiprostone in the treatment of pediatric FC. METHODS In a single-blinded, randomized controlled study, we included 280 patients aged 8-18 years with FC. Patients were randomized either to a weight-based lubiprostone dose (n = 140) or conventional laxatives (n = 140), including lactulose, bisacodyl, or sodium picosulfate, for 12 weeks, followed by 4 weeks posttreatment follow-up. RESULTS Improvement in constipation was achieved in 128 (91.4%) patients in the lubiprostone group, and in 48 (34.3%) patients of the conventional therapy group (p < 0.001) and was sustained after treatment discontinuation. One quarter of the lubiprostone group experienced the first spontaneous bowel motion within 48 h after dose initiation. A total of 75.7% of the lubiprostone group could achieve and sustain Bristol stool form of 3 or 4 during the last 4 weeks of therapy and through the 4 weeks of follow-up versus 50 (35.7%) patients in the conventional therapy group (p < 0.001). No life-threatening adverse drug reactions were encountered, and no treatment-related discontinuation. Mild self-limited colicky abdominal pain and headache were the most prevalent side effects in the lubiprostone group. CONCLUSIONS Lubiprostone is an effective and well-tolerated pharmacotherapy for youthful age and pediatric age groups, which may alter the paradigm of pediatric FC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy S Elkaragy
- Department of Pediatrics, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Shamseya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Internal Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha H Metwally
- Department of Pediatrics, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman R Mansour
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Lashen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Hepatology & Gastroenterology Division), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Morris JK, Bergman JEH, Barisic I, Wellesley D, Tucker D, Limb E, Addor MC, Cavero-Carbonell C, Matias Dias C, Draper ES, Echevarría-González-de-Garibay LJ, Gatt M, Klungsøyr K, Lelong N, Luyt K, Materna-Kiryluk A, Nelen V, Neville A, Perthus I, Pierini A, Randrianaivo-Ranjatoelina H, Rankin J, Rissmann A, Rouget F, Sayers G, Wertelecki W, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A, Garne E. Surveillance of multiple congenital anomalies; searching for new associations. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:407-412. [PMID: 38052905 PMCID: PMC10999451 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human teratogens are associated with a spectrum of congenital anomalies rather than a single defect, and therefore the identification of congenital anomalies occurring together more frequently than expected may improve the detection of teratogens. Thirty-two EUROCAT congenital anomaly registries covering 6,599,765 births provided 123,566 cases with one or more major congenital anomalies (excluding chromosomal and genetic syndromes) for the birth years 2008-2016. The EUROCAT multiple congenital anomaly algorithm identified 8804 cases with two or more major congenital anomalies in different organ systems, that were not recognized as part of a syndrome or sequence. For each pair of anomalies, the odds of a case having both anomalies relative to having only one anomaly was calculated and the p value was estimated using a two-sided Fisher's exact test. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure adjusted p values to control the false discovery rate and pairs of anomalies with adjusted p values < 0.05 were identified. A total of 1386 combinations of two anomalies were analyzed. Out of the 31 statistically significant positive associations identified, 20 were found to be known associations or sequences already described in the literature and 11 were considered "potential new associations" by the EUROCAT Coding and Classification Committee. After a review of the literature and a detailed examination of the individual cases with the anomaly pairs, six pairs remained classified as new associations. In summary, systematically searching for congenital anomalies occurring together more frequently than expected using the EUROCAT database is worthwhile and has identified six new associations that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Morris
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
| | - Jorieke E H Bergman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Barisic
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diana Wellesley
- Clinical Genetics, University of Southampton and Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - David Tucker
- Congenital Anomaly Register & Information Service for Wales (CARIS) Public Health Knowledge and Research, Public Health Wales, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Elizabeth Limb
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Addor
- Department of Woman-Mother-Child, University Medical Center CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara Cavero-Carbonell
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Matias Dias
- Epidemiology Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisabeth S Draper
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Georg Davies Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Miriam Gatt
- Malta Congenital Anomalies Registry, Directorate for Health Information and Research, Guardamangia, Malta
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nathalie Lelong
- Université Paris Cité, CRESS, Équipe de recherche en épidémiologie obstétricale périnatale et pédiatrique (EPOPé), INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Karen Luyt
- South West Congenital Anomaly Register, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anna Materna-Kiryluk
- Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations, Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Medical Sciences, 61-701, Poznan, Poland
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amanda Neville
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Isabelle Perthus
- Auvergne Registry of Congenital Anomalies (CEMC-Auvergne), Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anna Pierini
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare diseases and Congenital anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Judith Rankin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anke Rissmann
- Malformation Monitoring Centre Saxony-Anhalt, Medical Faculty Otto-von-Guericke University-Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florence Rouget
- Brittany Registry of Congenital Anomalies, CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Geraldine Sayers
- Health Intelligence, Research and Development Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Ester Garne
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
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Ettman CK, Subramanian M, Fan AY, Adam GP, Abdalla SM, Galea S, Stuart EA. Assets and depression in U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:571-583. [PMID: 37838630 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental health is shaped by social and economic contexts, which were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. No study has systematically reviewed the literature on the relation between different assets and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature on financial (e.g. income/savings), physical (e.g., home ownership), and social (e.g., marital status, educational attainment) assets and depression in U.S. adults. For each asset type, we created binary comparisons to report on the direction of the relationship and described if each study reported insignificant, positive, negative, or mixed associations. RESULTS Among the 41 articles identified, we found that income was the most studied asset (n=34), followed by education (n=25), marital status (n=18), home ownership (n=5), and savings (n=4). 88%, 100%, and 100% of articles reported a significant association of higher income, home ownership, and higher savings, respectively, with less depression. The association between marital status and education with depression was more nuanced: 72% (13 of 18) studies showed that unmarried persons had greater risk of depression than married or cohabitating persons and 52% (13 of 25) of studies reported no significant difference in depression across educational groups. CONCLUSION This work adds to the literature a deeper understanding of how different assets relate to depression. In the context of largescale traumatic events, policies that maintain and protect access to social, physical, and financial assets may help to protect mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine K Ettman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | | | - Alice Y Fan
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Gaelen P Adam
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
| | | | - Sandro Galea
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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226
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Ren Z, Wesselius A, Stehouwer CDA, Brouwers MCGJ. Relationship between educational attainment and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:565-570. [PMID: 38104027 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have identified an inverse association between education and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it is not possible to establish causality for this relationship. AIMS To gain more insight into the causal nature of the relationship between education and NAFLD. METHODS We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using summary-level, large-scale datasets to study the association of genetically predicted educational attainment (n = 1271 genetic instruments, obtained from 1,131,881 participants) with risk of NAFLD (i.e., liver fat [n = 32,858 participants] and electronic health record (EHR)-based NAFLD [n = 778,614 participants]). In sensitivity analyses, educational attainment was replaced by three education-related traits (i.e., genetically predicted cognition, math ability and highest math). RESULTS Inverse-variance weighted method showed a statistically significant association between genetically predicted educational attainment and liver fat (beta: -0.251, 95%CI: -0.305; -0.198) and EHR-based NAFLD (OR: 0.609, 95%CI: 0.547; 0.677). MR-Egger regression did not show statistically significant intercepts. Similar findings were obtained when other MR tests were used or when educational attainment was replaced by education-related traits. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a causal, protective effect of higher education on NAFLD risk. Societal interventions targeted at people with low education are needed to alleviate the burden of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Gong Y, He S, Wen P, Jiang Y, He J, Zhu B, Li L. In Vitro and In Vivo Supplementation with Curcumin Promotes Hippocampal Neuronal Synapses Development in Rats by Inhibiting GSK-3β and Activating β-catenin. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2390-2410. [PMID: 37875709 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The human fetal thyroid gland is not capable of producing thyroid hormones independently until 20 weeks of gestation, and if maternal thyroid hormone synthesis is inadequate in early pregnancy, fetal brain and nerve development may be affected by maternal hypothyroidism. Curcumin, which is isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been shown to be effective in repairing neurological disorders and is effective in relieving nerve damage when consumed over a long period of time. In this experiment, we investigated the effect of curcumin supplementation on synaptic development of rat hippocampal neurons. A cell model of oxidative damage and a young rat model of hypothyroidism were constructed, and model cells and rats were treated with triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), and curcumin, respectively. Damage of nerve cells and animal brain tissues was examined, and the effect of curcumin in alleviating the blocked neurodevelopment was investigated. Further modulation of GSK-3β/β-catenin was performed to investigate the mechanism of action of curcumin. Ultimately, we found that T3-, T4-, and curcumin-treated model cells and young rats had increased numbers of synapses and good neurodevelopment. At the same time, we found that curcumin inhibited the production of GSK-3β and Axin to activate β-catenin. The inhibition of β-catenin weakened the therapeutic effect of curcumin, and the differences between the indicators and the model group disappeared. Both cellular and animal experiments supported that curcumin effectively alleviated the oxidative cell damage caused by thyroxine deficiency and activated the synaptogenic ability of nerve synapses by inhibiting GSK-3β and protecting β-catenin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhong Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Preconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jinghui Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Prevention and Healthcare, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Preconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Baosheng Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Preconception Health Birth in Western China, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Li Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Fountoulakis KN, Karakatsoulis GN, Abraham S, Adorjan K, Ahmed HU, Alarcón RD, Arai K, Auwal SS, Berk M, Bjedov S, Bobes J, Bobes-Bascaran T, Bourgin-Duchesnay J, Bredicean CA, Bukelskis L, Burkadze A, Cabrera Abud II, Castilla-Puentes R, Cetkovich M, Colon-Rivera H, Corral R, Cortez-Vergara C, Crepin P, De Berardis D, Zamora Delgado S, Lucena DD, Sousa AD, Stefano RD, Dodd S, Priyanka Elek L, Elissa A, Erdelyi-Hamza B, Erzin G, Etchevers MJ, Falkai P, Farcas A, Fedotov I, Filatova V, Fountoulakis NK, Frankova I, Franza F, Frias P, Galako T, Garay CJ, Garcia-Álvarez L, García-Portilla MP, Gonda X, Gondek TM, Morera González D, Gould H, Grandinetti P, Grau A, Groudeva V, Hagin M, Harada T, Hasan TM, Azreen Hashim N, Hilbig J, Hossain S, Iakimova R, Ibrahim M, Iftene F, Ignatenko Y, Irarrazaval M, Ismail Z, Ismayilova J, Jakobs A, Jakovljević M, Jakšić N, Javed A, Kafali HY, Karia S, Kazakova O, Khalifa D, Khaustova O, Koh S, Kopishinskaia S, Kosenko K, Koupidis SA, Kovacs I, Kulig B, Lalljee A, Liewig J, Majid A, Malashonkova E, Malik K, Malik NI, Mammadzada G, Mandalia B, Marazziti D, Marčinko D, Martinez S, Matiekus E, Mejia G, Memon RS, Meza Martínez XE, Mickevičiūtė D, Milev R, Mohammed M, Molina-López A, Morozov P, Muhammad NS, Mustač F, Naor MS, Nassieb A, Navickas A, Okasha T, Pandova M, Panfil AL, Panteleeva L, Papava I, Patsali ME, Pavlichenko A, Pejuskovic B, Pinto Da Costa M, Popkov M, Popovic D, Raduan NJN, Vargas Ramírez F, Rancans E, Razali S, Rebok F, Rewekant A, Ninoska Reyes Flores E, Rivera-Encinas MT, Saiz P, Sánchez de Carmona M, Saucedo Martínez D, Saw JA, Saygili G, Schneidereit P, Shah B, Shirasaka T, Silagadze K, Sitanggang S, Skugarevsky O, Spikina A, Mahalingappa SS, Stoyanova M, Szczegielniak A, Tamasan SC, Tavormina G, Tavormina MGM, Theodorakis PN, Tohen M, Tsapakis EM, Tukhvatullina D, Ullah I, Vaidya R, Vega-Dienstmaier JM, Vrublevska J, Vukovic O, Vysotska O, Widiasih N, Yashikhina A, Prezerakos PE, Smirnova D. Somatic multicomorbidity and disability in patients with psychiatric disorders in comparison to the general population: a quasi-epidemiological investigation in 54,826 subjects from 40 countries (COMET-G study). CNS Spectr 2024; 29:126-149. [PMID: 38269574 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852924000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of medical illnesses is high among patients with psychiatric disorders. The current study aimed to investigate multi-comorbidity in patients with psychiatric disorders in comparison to the general population. Secondary aims were to investigate factors associated with metabolic syndrome and treatment appropriateness of mental disorders. METHODS The sample included 54,826 subjects (64.73% females; 34.15% males; 1.11% nonbinary gender) from 40 countries (COMET-G study). The analysis was based on the registration of previous history that could serve as a fair approximation for the lifetime prevalence of various medical conditions. RESULTS About 24.5% reported a history of somatic and 26.14% of mental disorders. Mental disorders were by far the most prevalent group of medical conditions. Comorbidity of any somatic with any mental disorder was reported by 8.21%. One-third to almost two-thirds of somatic patients were also suffering from a mental disorder depending on the severity and multicomorbidity. Bipolar and psychotic patients and to a lesser extent depressives, manifested an earlier (15-20 years) manifestation of somatic multicomorbidity, severe disability, and probably earlier death. The overwhelming majority of patients with mental disorders were not receiving treatment or were being treated in a way that was not recommended. Antipsychotics and antidepressants were not related to the development of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The finding that one-third to almost two-thirds of somatic patients also suffered from a mental disorder strongly suggests that psychiatry is the field with the most trans-specialty and interdisciplinary value and application points to the importance of teaching psychiatry and mental health in medical schools and also to the need for more technocratically oriented training of psychiatric residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigorios N Karakatsoulis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Seri Abraham
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Heywood, UK
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Core Psychiatry Training, Health Education England North West, Manchester, UK
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludiwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Helal Uddin Ahmed
- Child Adolescent and Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Renato D Alarcón
- Section of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Lima, Peru
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kiyomi Arai
- School of Medicine and Health Science, Institute of Health Science Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Sani Salihu Auwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Bjedov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Julio Bobes
- Psychiatry Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA, INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa Bobes-Bascaran
- ISPA, INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
- Mental Health Center of La Corredoria, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julie Bourgin-Duchesnay
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Orsay, France
| | - Cristina Ana Bredicean
- Department of Neuroscience, Discipline of Psychiatry, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laurynas Bukelskis
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Akaki Burkadze
- Mental Hub, Tbilisi, Georgia
- NGO Healthcare Research and Quality Agency, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Ruby Castilla-Puentes
- Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, American Society of Hispanic Psychiatry and WARMI Women Mental Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marcelo Cetkovich
- Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hector Colon-Rivera
- APM Board Certified in General Psychiatry and Neurology, Addiction Psychiatry, & Addiction Medicine, UPMC, DDAP, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ricardo Corral
- Department of Teaching and Research, Hospital Borda, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Piirika Crepin
- Sanitaire and Social Union for Accompaniment and Prevention, Center of Ambulatory Psychiatry of Narbonne and Lezigan, Narbonne, France
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- School of Nursing, University of L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, School of Psychiatry, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sergio Zamora Delgado
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile
| | - David De Lucena
- Departamento de Fisiología e Farmacología, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Avinash De Sousa
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Desousa Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramona Di Stefano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Seetal Dodd
- IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Livia Priyanka Elek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Elissa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Berta Erdelyi-Hamza
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gamze Erzin
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara Dışkapı Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Etchevers
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludiwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Adriana Farcas
- Centre of Neuroscience, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilya Fedotov
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ryazan State Medical University n.a. Academician I.P. Pavlov, Ryazan, Russia
| | - Viktoriia Filatova
- State Budgetary Institution of the Rostov Region "Psychoneurological Dispensary", Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | - Iryna Frankova
- Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Francesco Franza
- "Villa dei Pini" Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center, Avellino, Italy
- Psychiatric Studies Centre, Provaglio d'Iseo, Italy
| | | | - Tatiana Galako
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology and Drug Abuse, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Cristian J Garay
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Garcia-Álvarez
- ISPA, INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maria Paz García-Portilla
- Psychiatry Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA, INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
- Mental Health Center of La Ería, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tomasz M Gondek
- Specialty Training Section, Polish Psychiatric Association, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Hilary Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Paolo Grandinetti
- Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Arturo Grau
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Violeta Groudeva
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital Saint Ekaterina, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Michal Hagin
- Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Bat Yam, Israel
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Education Bureau of the Laboratory Schools, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tasdik M Hasan
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Public Health Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nurul Azreen Hashim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jan Hilbig
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sahadat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rossitza Iakimova
- Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry "Saint Naum", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mona Ibrahim
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Felicia Iftene
- Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Yulia Ignatenko
- Education Center, Mental Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matias Irarrazaval
- Ministry of Health, Millenium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zaliha Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamila Ismayilova
- National Mental Health Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Asaf Jakobs
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY, USA
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Nenad Jakšić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Afzal Javed
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sagar Karia
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Doaa Khalifa
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olena Khaustova
- Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Steve Koh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Svetlana Kopishinskaia
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
- Kirov State Medical University, Kirov, Russia
| | - Korneliia Kosenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Drug Abuse and Psychology, Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Sotirios A Koupidis
- Occupational and Environmental Health Sector, Public Health Policy Department, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Illes Kovacs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kulig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Justine Liewig
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Orsay, France
| | - Abdul Majid
- Department of Psychiatry, SKIMS Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - Evgeniia Malashonkova
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Orsay, France
| | - Khamelia Malik
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Najma Iqbal Malik
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Gulay Mammadzada
- Department of Psychiatry, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | | | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Unicamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
- Brain Research Foundation onus, Lucca, Italy
| | - Darko Marčinko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stephanie Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Eimantas Matiekus
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gabriela Mejia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Roha Saeed Memon
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Roumen Milev
- Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Muftau Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Services, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Alejandro Molina-López
- General Office for the Psychiatric Services of the Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Petr Morozov
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Russian National Research Medical University n.a. N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nuru Suleiman Muhammad
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Filip Mustač
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mika S Naor
- Sackler School of Medicine New York State American Program, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Amira Nassieb
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alvydas Navickas
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tarek Okasha
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Milena Pandova
- Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry "Saint Naum", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anca-Livia Panfil
- Compartment of Liaison Psychiatry, "Pius Brinzeu" County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Liliya Panteleeva
- Department of Medical Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Ion Papava
- Department of Neuroscience, Discipline of Psychiatry, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mikaella E Patsali
- School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alexey Pavlichenko
- Education Center, Mental Health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bojana Pejuskovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinical Department for Crisis and Affective Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mariana Pinto Da Costa
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mikhail Popkov
- Department of the Introduction to Internal Medicine and Family Medicine, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | | | - Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Francisca Vargas Ramírez
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elmars Rancans
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga, Latvia
| | - Salmi Razali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Federico Rebok
- Servicio de Emergencia, Acute inpatient Unit, Hospital Moyano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Argentine Institute of Clinical Psychiatry (IAPC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anna Rewekant
- General Psychiatry Unit I, Greater Poland Neuropsychiatric Center, Kościan, Poland
| | | | - María Teresa Rivera-Encinas
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental "Honorio Delgado - Hideyo Noguchi", Lima, Perú
| | - Pilar Saiz
- Psychiatry Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA, INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
- Mental Health Center of La Corredoria, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - David Saucedo Martínez
- Department of Psychiatry, Escuela Nacional de Medicina, TEC de Monterrey, Servicio de geriatría. Hospital Universitario "José Eleuterio González" UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jo Anne Saw
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Görkem Saygili
- Department of Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Schneidereit
- Klinik für Allgemeine Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Ost, Psychiatrische Institutsambulanz, Klinikum am Weissenhof, Weissenhof, Germany
| | - Bhumika Shah
- DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tomohiro Shirasaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Teine Keijinkai Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Satti Sitanggang
- Psychiatric Unit, Pambalah Batung General Hospital, South Kalimantan, Amuntai, Indonesia
| | - Oleg Skugarevsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Anna Spikina
- Saint Petersburg Psychoneurological Dispensary No. 2, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sridevi Sira Mahalingappa
- Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, The Liasion Team, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, Derbyshire, UK
| | - Maria Stoyanova
- Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry "Saint Naum", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Szczegielniak
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Poland
| | - Simona Claudia Tamasan
- Compartment of Liaison Psychiatry, "Pius Brinzeu" County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Giuseppe Tavormina
- Psychiatric Studies Centre, Provaglio d'Iseo, Italy
- European Depression Association and Italian Association on Depression, Brussels, Belgium
- Bedforshire Center for Mental Health Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Mauricio Tohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Nm, USA
| | - Eva Maria Tsapakis
- "Agios Charalambos" Mental Health Clinic, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- 1st Department of Academic Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dina Tukhvatullina
- Centre for Global Public Health, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ratnaraj Vaidya
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Jelena Vrublevska
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Olivera Vukovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Research and Education, Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olga Vysotska
- Educational and Research Center - Ukrainian Family Medicine Training Center, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Widiasih
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anna Yashikhina
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology, Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Panagiotis E Prezerakos
- Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, Laboratory of Integrated Health Care, Tripoli, Greece
| | - Daria Smirnova
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology, Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
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Adamovich T, Watson R, Murdoch S, Giovino L, Kulkarni S, Luchak M, Smith-Turchyn J. Barriers and facilitators to physical activity participation for child, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors: a systematic review. J Cancer Surviv 2024; 18:245-262. [PMID: 35665472 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review is to explore and describe the barriers and facilitators to physical activity (PA) participation for child, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for manuscripts published between January 2000 and February 2021. To be included in this review, studies had to report qualitative or quantitative data on barriers and facilitators to PA participation in child (4 to < 10 years), adolescent (10 to 19 years), and young adult (> 19 to < 40 years) cancer survivors. Six independent reviewers assessed methodological quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT-version 18) in duplicate. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in this systematic review. Fatigue and psychological factors were the most prevalent barriers shared between children, adolescents, and young adults. Support from others was a shared facilitator between age groups. CONCLUSION Psychological barriers and social support are important to address in younger cancer survivors. Clinicians can use these findings to create exercise interventions to facilitate and overcome barriers to PA participation. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS While PA is beneficial for cancer survivors of all ages, different barriers and facilitators to PA participation exist depending on a survivors age and life stage. Survivors should discuss PA with their healthcare team at all timepoints in the cancer treatment trajectory in order to gain the associated benefits during and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Adamovich
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Watson
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sydney Murdoch
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Liana Giovino
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sunket Kulkarni
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Luchak
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jenna Smith-Turchyn
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Niu F, Xie W, Zhang W, Kawuki J, Yu X. Vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:329-341. [PMID: 36961747 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2192561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship between the intake of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene, and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane library, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched from inception to 29 August 2022 for observational studies reporting the odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) or hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD by Vitamin C/Vitamin E/β-carotene intake. Random-effects models, publication bias assessment, subgroup, sensitivity and dose-response analyses were performed, using.Stata version 12.0. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included. There was no significant association between high-dose vitamin C intake and the risk of PD compared with low-dose vitamin C intake (RR = 0.98, 95%CI:0.89,1.08). Compared with low-dose intake, high-dose intake of vitamin E can prevent the risk of PD (RR = 0.87, 95%CI:0.77,0.99). Compared with lower β-carotene intake, there was a borderline non-significant correlation between higher intake and PD risk (RR = 0.91, 95%CI:0.82,1.01), and high dose β-carotene intake was found to be associated with a lower risk of PD in women (RR = 0.78, 95%CI:0.64,0.96). CONCLUSION This study shows that vitamin E intake can reduce the risk of PD and play a preventive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Xie
- Department of Quality Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph Kawuki
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaojin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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231
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Paul M, Kahan A, Coakley BA. Modeling the Relationship Between Firearm Restrictions, Medicaid Expansion, and Political Partisanship with Pediatric Firearm Mortality Costs. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:737-743. [PMID: 38176972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Firearms are now the leading cause of pediatric mortality in the U.S., but few studies have investigated the economic impact of these deaths. Thus, this study determined whether multiple different gun-related measures, political partisanship and Medicaid expansion were related to the costs of pediatric gun deaths. METHODS Each states' medical costs, years of potential life lost (YPLL), and value of statistical life (VSL) lost due to pediatric gun deaths were extracted from the WISQARS database from 2015 to 2020. Seven firearm laws or restrictiveness measures (assault weapons bans, child access prevention laws, firearm registration and permit to purchase requirements, safe storage laws, Giffords Law Center ranking, and the number of firearm provisions), the Cook Partisan Voting Index (PVI), and Medicaid expansion status were determined across states. Unadjusted analyses compared each measure and (1) medical costs, (2) VSL, and (3) YPLL for each state. These were repeated using adjusted analyses, controlling for poverty, educational attainment, poor mental health, and race. RESULTS Of the 9 variables assessed, unadjusted analyses revealed that 8 variables were significantly associated with increased medical costs, all 9 were associated with higher VSL and 8 were associated with higher YPLL due to pediatric firearm-related mortality. Multivariable analyses revealed that 7 variables were associated with medical costs, 7 were associated with VSL and 6 were associated with YPLL. CONCLUSION States with fewer gun laws and those which have not adopted Medicaid expansion were more likely to experience a higher economic burden due to pediatric gun deaths. Quantifying the costs of these deaths can demonstrate the social toll of gun violence to policymakers and the general public. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Paul
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Anastasia Kahan
- Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Health System, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brian A Coakley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, The Mount Sinai Health System, 5 East 98th Street, 15th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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232
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Moon S, Park J, Lim S, Suh SY, Le A, Demer JL. Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Demonstrates Pediatric Optic Disc and Peripapillary Strain During Horizontal Eye Rotation. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:437-445. [PMID: 38185657 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2295789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: We employed automated analysis of scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) to determine if mechanical strains imposed on disc, and retinal and choroidal vessels during horizontal duction in children differ from those of adults.Methods: Thirty-one children aged 11.3 ± 2.7 (standard deviation) years underwent SLO in central gaze, and 35° ab- and adduction. Automated registration with deep learning-based optical flow analysis quantified vessel deformations as horizontal, vertical, shear, and equivalent strains. Choroidal vessel displacements in lightly pigmented fundi, and central disc vessel displacements, were also observed.Results: As in adults, strain in vessels during horizontal duction was greatest at the disc and decreased with distance from it. Strain in the pediatric disc was similar to published values in young adults,1 but in the peripapillary region was greater and propagated significantly more peripherally to at least three disc radii from it. During adduction in children, the nasal disc was compressed and disc vessels distorted, but the temporal half experienced tensile strain, while peripapillary tissues were compressed. The pattern was similar but strains were less in abduction (p < .001). Choroidal vessels were visualized in 24 of the 62 eyes and shifted directionally opposite overlying retinal vessels.Conclusions: Horizontal duction deforms the normal pediatric optic disc, central retinal vessels, peripapillary retina, and choroid, shearing the inner retina over the choroid. These mechanical effects occur at the sites of remodeling of the disc, sclera, and choroid associated with typical adult features that later emerge later, including optic cup enlargement, temporal disc tilting, and peripapillary atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyuk Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seongjin Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Soh Youn Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan Le
- Alcon Research, Ltd, Lake Forest, CA, USA
| | - Joseph L Demer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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233
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Skolnick V, Rajjo T, Thacher T, Kumar S, Kaufman T, Weaver A, Wi CI, Lynch BA. Association of Weight Trajectory With Severe Obesity: A Case-Control Study. Child Obes 2024; 20:169-177. [PMID: 37010378 PMCID: PMC10979667 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2023.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Early childhood weight trajectory is associated with future risk for obesity. However, little is known about the association of birth weight and weight trajectories before age 5.5 years with severe adult obesity. Methods: This study used a nested case-control design of 785 matched sets of cases and controls matched 1:1 on age and gender from a 1976 to 1982 birth cohort in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Cases with severe adult obesity were defined as individuals with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 after 18 years of age. There were 737 matched sets of cases and controls for the trajectory analysis. Weight and height data from birth through 5.5 years were abstracted from the medical records, and weight-for-age percentiles were obtained from the CDC growth charts. Results: A two-cluster weight-for-age trajectory solution was identified as optimal, with cluster 1 having higher weight-for-age before age 5.5 years. While there was no association between birth weight and severe adult obesity, the odds of being in cluster 1, which includes children with higher weight-for-age percentiles, was significantly increased for cases compared with controls [odds ratio (OR) 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60-2.47]. The association between cluster membership and case-control status persisted after adjusting for maternal age and education (adjusted OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.66-2.61). Conclusions: Our data suggest that early childhood weight-for-age trajectories are associated with severe obesity status in adult life. Our results add to growing evidence that it is critical to prevent excess early childhood weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamim Rajjo
- Department of Family Medicine; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tom Thacher
- Department of Family Medicine; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Seema Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tara Kaufman
- Department of Family Medicine; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amy Weaver
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chung-Il Wi
- Division of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian A. Lynch
- Division of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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234
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Dhumal T, Rai P, Shah D, Murray PW, Kelly KM. Menstrual Products: Attitudes About Taxation and Safety. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:491-498. [PMID: 38407820 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This study explored factors associated with the differences between women and men in attitudes, norms, and the support of taxation of menstrual products (MPs) and menstrual-adjacent products. It also investigated the use of these products in women. Methods: Young adults from 18 to 30 years of age were recruited via social media, listserve emails, and flyers placed throughout a university campus. Following cognitive interviewing, a survey investigated attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors associated with MPs. Results: Individuals self-identified as men or women. Women (n = 154) had more positive general attitudes, less positive safety attitudes, and less support for taxation of MPs than men (n = 43). Regression analyses indicated that factors, such as race, age, attitudes, norms, and taxation, were associated with product use. Conclusions: Attitudes about safety and taxation differ for men and women. Tax policies and attitude-shifting interventions need to be tailored to their audience, and our study can inform that effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti Dhumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Pragya Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Drishti Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Pamela W Murray
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly M Kelly
- Center for Innovation in Health Equity Research, Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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235
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Uddin J, Fatima M, Riaz A, Kamal GM, Muhsinah AB, Ahmed AR, Iftikhar R. Pharmacological potential of micheliolide: A focus on anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27299. [PMID: 38496875 PMCID: PMC10944196 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Micheliolide (MCL) is a chief constituent of plants such as Magnolia grandiflora L., Michelia compressa (Maxim.) Sarg. and Michelia champaca L. It is known to exhibit significant anticancer activity by various scientific investigations. This review aims to emphasize the anticancer and antiinflammatory activities of MCL. In this review, we summarized the published data in peer-reviewed manuscripts published in English. Our search was based on the following scientific search engines and databases: Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, PubMed, and SciFinder, MCL possesses a broad spectrum of medicinal properties like other sesquiterpene lactones. The anticancer activity of this compound may be attributed to the modulation of several signaling cascades (PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways). It also induces apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/G0 phase, S phase, and G2/M phase in many cancer cell lines. Very little data is available on its modulatory action on other signaling cascades like MAPK, STAT3, Wnt, TGFβ, Notch, EGFR, etc. This compound can be potentiated as a novel anticancer drug after thorough investigations in vitro, in vivo, and in silico-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehwish Fatima
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Riaz
- Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Kamal
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Razzaq Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramsha Iftikhar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, 2033, Sydney, Australia
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Aumaitre A, Gagnayre R, Foucaut AM. Determinants and factors of physical activity and sedentary behaviors among post-treatment breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer survivors living in France: Results from the DEFACTO study first phase. Patient Educ Couns 2024; 124:108273. [PMID: 38598865 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the facilitators and barriers to adopting an active lifestyle among post-treatment cancer survivors in France. METHODS Breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer survivors were recruited. Participants completed a questionnaire covering sociodemographic and clinical factors, physical activity (PA) experiences, variables from the Transtheoretical model, types of motivation, knowledge of PA benefits, barriers to PA, and quality of life. We categorized participants into 4 profiles combining PA level and sedentary behaviors. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-five participants were included. Ordinal logistic regression revealed that the active lifestyle of cancer survivors is influenced by their professional situation (OR, 3.99; 95%CI, 1.76-9.10 and OR, 3.14; 95%CI, 1.45-6.77), the use of self-liberation (OR, 0.41; 95%CI, 0.20-0.82), helping relationships processes of change (OR, 2.45; 95%CI, 1.20-5.00), and quality of life (OR, 1.11; 95%CI, 1.04-1.18). CONCLUSIONS Identifying the factors associated with PA and sedentary behavior among cancer survivors in France will facilitate the adaptation of programs according to a whole-person approach. Semi-structured interviews will further enhance insights in this mixed-methods study. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Interventions aimed at promoting an active lifestyle among cancer survivors should be customized based on professional situation, the utilization of experiential behavior change processes, and perceived quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane Aumaitre
- Sorbonne Paris North University, Health Educations and Promotion Laboratory, LEPS, UR 3412, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
| | - Rémi Gagnayre
- Sorbonne Paris North University, Health Educations and Promotion Laboratory, LEPS, UR 3412, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Aude-Marie Foucaut
- Sorbonne Paris North University, Health Educations and Promotion Laboratory, LEPS, UR 3412, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France; Sports Science department, Sorbonne Paris North University, Bobigny, France
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Stanisławska-Kubiak M, Majewska KA, Krasińska A, Wais P, Majewski D, Mojs E, Kȩdzia A. Brain functional and structural changes in diabetic children. How can intellectual development be optimized in type 1 diabetes? Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2024; 15:20406223241229855. [PMID: 38560719 PMCID: PMC10981223 DOI: 10.1177/20406223241229855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuropsychological functioning of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is of key importance to the effectiveness of the therapy, which, in its complexity, requires a great deal of knowledge, attention, and commitment. Intellectual limitations make it difficult to achieve the optimal metabolic balance, and a lack of this alignment can contribute to the further deterioration of cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to provide a narrative review of the current state of knowledge regarding the influence of diabetes on brain structure and functions during childhood and also to present possible actions to optimize intellectual development in children with T1D. Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature using selected keywords. The results were summarized using a narrative synthesis. Disturbances in glucose metabolism during childhood may have a lasting negative effect on the development of the brain and related cognitive functions. To optimize intellectual development in children with diabetes, it is essential to prevent disorders of the central nervous system by maintaining peri-normal glycemic levels. Based on the performed literature review, it seems necessary to take additional actions, including repeated neuropsychological evaluation with early detection of any cognitive dysfunctions, followed by the development of individual management strategies and the training of appropriate skills, together with complex, multidirectional environmental support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Stanisławska-Kubiak
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Bukowska 70, Poznan 60-812, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Anna Majewska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Krasińska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Wais
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominik Majewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Mojs
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kȩdzia
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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238
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Huang TH, Li WM, Ke HL, Li CC, Wu WJ, Yeh HC, Wang YC, Lee HY. The factors impacting on Gleason score upgrading in prostate cancer with initial low Gleason scores. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00175-X. [PMID: 38555188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the factors contributing to the discrepancy in between biopsy Gleason score (GS) and radical prostatectomy GS in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. METHODS 341 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy from 2011/04 to 2020/12 were identified. 102 Patients with initial GS of six after biopsy were enrolled. Preoperative clinical variables and pathological variables were also obtained and assessed. The optimal cut-off points for significant continuous variables were identified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS Upgrading was observed in 63 patients and non-upgrading in 39 patients. In the multiple variables assessed, smaller prostate volume (PV) (p value = 0.0007), prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) (p value = 0.0055), positive surgical margins (p value = 0.0062) and pathological perineural invasion (p value = 0.0038) were significant predictors of GS upgrading. To further explore preclinical variables, a cut-off value for PV (≤ 38 ml, p value = 0.0017) and PSAD (≥ 0.26 ng/ml2, p value = 0.0013) were identified to be associated with GS upgrading. CONCLUSIONS Smaller PV and elevated PSAD are associated with increased risk of GS upgrading, whereas lead-time bias is not. A cut-off value of PV < 38 ml and PSAD > 0.26 ng/ml2 were further identified to be associated with pathological GS upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Heng Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, 90054, Taiwan; Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Ke
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80145, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80145, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Wang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ying Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Reig-Garcia G, Cámara-Liebana D, Suñer-Soler R, Pau-Perich E, Sitjar-Suñer M, Mantas-Jiménez S, Roqueta-Vall-llosera M, Malagón-Aguilera MDC. Assessment of Standardized Care Plans for People with Chronic Diseases in Primary Care Settings. Nurs Rep 2024; 14:801-815. [PMID: 38651474 PMCID: PMC11036219 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging populations are driving a shift in emphasis toward enhancing chronic disease care, reflected in Catalonia's regional plan which prioritizes standardized nursing care plans in primary care settings. To achieve this, the ARES-AP program was established with a focus on harmonizing standards and supporting routine nursing clinical decision-making. This study evaluates nurses' perceptions of ARES-AP's standardized care plans for chronic diseases. METHODS A mixed-methods approach based on an ad hoc questionnaire (n = 141) and a focus group (n = 14) was used. Quantitative data were statistically analysed, setting significance at p < 0.05. Qualitative data were explored via content analysis. RESULTS ARES-AP training was assessed positively. The resources for motivational interviewing and care plans for the most prevalent chronic diseases were rated very positively. This study identified key factors influencing program implementation, including facilitators such as structured information and nursing autonomy, barriers such as resistance to change, motivators such as managerial support, and suggested improvements such as technological improvements and time management strategies. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies areas for improvement in implementing standardized nursing care plans, including additional time, motivation, enhanced IT infrastructure, and collaboration among primary care professionals. It enhances understanding of these plans in primary care, especially in managing chronic diseases in aging populations. Further research should assess the program's long-term impact on chronic patients. This study was not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glòria Reig-Garcia
- Health and Health Care Research Group, Department of Nursing, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (G.R.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (S.M.-J.); (M.d.C.M.-A.)
| | - David Cámara-Liebana
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (M.S.-S.); (M.R.-V.-l.)
| | - Rosa Suñer-Soler
- Health and Health Care Research Group, Department of Nursing, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (G.R.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (S.M.-J.); (M.d.C.M.-A.)
| | - Eva Pau-Perich
- ABS Cassà de la Selva, Institut d’Assistència Sanitària, 17244 Cassà de la Selva, Spain;
| | - Miquel Sitjar-Suñer
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (M.S.-S.); (M.R.-V.-l.)
| | - Susana Mantas-Jiménez
- Health and Health Care Research Group, Department of Nursing, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (G.R.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (S.M.-J.); (M.d.C.M.-A.)
| | | | - Maria del Carmen Malagón-Aguilera
- Health and Health Care Research Group, Department of Nursing, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (G.R.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (S.M.-J.); (M.d.C.M.-A.)
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Flaherty RL, Sflomos G, Brisken C. Is There a Special Role for Ovarian Hormones in the Pathogenesis of Lobular Carcinoma? Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae031. [PMID: 38551031 PMCID: PMC10988861 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Lobular carcinoma represent the most common special histological subtype of breast cancer, with the majority classed as hormone receptor positive. Rates of invasive lobular carcinoma in postmenopausal women have been seen to increase globally, while other hormone receptor-positive breast cancers proportionally have not followed the same trend. This has been linked to exposure to exogenous ovarian hormones such as hormone replacement therapy. Reproductive factors resulting in increased lifetime exposure to endogenous ovarian hormones have also been linked to an increased risk of lobular breast cancer, and taken together, these data make a case for the role of ovarian hormones in the genesis and progression of the disease. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the epidemiological associations between ovarian hormones and lobular breast cancer and highlight mechanistic links that may underpin the etiology and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée L Flaherty
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - George Sflomos
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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241
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Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Bešević J, Bragg F, Clifton L, Collister JA, Trichia E, Gray LJ, Khunti K, Hunter DJ. Incorporating polygenic risk into the Leicester Risk Assessment score for 10-year risk prediction of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102996. [PMID: 38608567 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated whether incorporating information on ethnic background and polygenic risk enhanced the Leicester Risk Assessment (LRA) score for predicting 10-year risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS The sample included 202,529 UK Biobank participants aged 40-69 years. We computed the LRA score, and developed two new risk scores using training data (80% sample): LRArev, which incorporated additional information on ethnic background, and LRAprs, which incorporated polygenic risk for type 2 diabetes. We assessed discriminative and reclassification performance in a test set (20% sample). Type 2 diabetes was ascertained using primary care, hospital inpatient and death registry records. RESULTS Over 10 years, 7,476 participants developed type 2 diabetes. The Harrell's C indexes were 0.796 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.785, 0.806), 0.802 (95% CI 0.792, 0.813), and 0.829 (95% CI 0.820, 0.839) for the LRA, LRArev and LRAprs scores, respectively. The LRAprs score significantly improved the overall reclassification compared to the LRA (net reclassification index [NRI] = 0.033, 95% CI 0.015, 0.049) and LRArev (NRI = 0.040, 95% CI 0.024, 0.055) scores. CONCLUSIONS Polygenic risk moderately improved the performance of the existing LRA score for 10-year risk prediction of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jelena Bešević
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lei Clifton
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Eirini Trichia
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David J Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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242
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Humphreys L, Myers A, Frith G, Thelwell M, Pickering K, Mills GH, Kerr K, Fisher P, Kidder J, Keen C, Hodson S, Phillips G, Smith R, Evans L, Thornton S, Dale E, Maxwell L, Greenfield DM, Copeland R. The Development of a Multi-Modal Cancer Rehabilitation (Including Prehabilitation) Service in Sheffield, UK: Designing the Active Together Service. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:742. [PMID: 38610164 PMCID: PMC11011813 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients undergoing major interventions face numerous challenges, including the adverse effects of cancer and the side effects of treatment. Cancer rehabilitation is vital in ensuring cancer patients have the support they need to maximise treatment outcomes and minimise treatment-related side effects and symptoms. The Active Together service is a multi-modal rehabilitation service designed to address critical support gaps for cancer patients. The service is located and provided in Sheffield, UK, an area with higher cancer incidence and mortality rates than the national average. The service aligns with local and regional cancer care objectives and aims to improve the clinical and quality-of-life outcomes of cancer patients by using lifestyle behaviour-change techniques to address their physical, nutritional, and psychological needs. This paper describes the design and initial implementation of the Active Together service, highlighting its potential to support and benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Humphreys
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.T.); (K.P.)
- Advanced Well-Being Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (J.K.); (G.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Anna Myers
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.T.); (K.P.)
- Advanced Well-Being Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (J.K.); (G.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Gabriella Frith
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.T.); (K.P.)
- Advanced Well-Being Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (J.K.); (G.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Michael Thelwell
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.T.); (K.P.)
- Advanced Well-Being Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (J.K.); (G.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Katie Pickering
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.T.); (K.P.)
- Advanced Well-Being Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (J.K.); (G.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Gary H. Mills
- Critical Care Directorate, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (G.H.M.)
| | - Karen Kerr
- Critical Care Directorate, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (G.H.M.)
| | - Patricia Fisher
- Specialised Cancer Services, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK; (P.F.); (D.M.G.)
| | - John Kidder
- Advanced Well-Being Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (J.K.); (G.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Carol Keen
- Therapeutics and Palliative Care Directorate, Combined Community and Acute Care Group, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK; (C.K.); (S.H.); (R.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Suzanne Hodson
- Therapeutics and Palliative Care Directorate, Combined Community and Acute Care Group, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK; (C.K.); (S.H.); (R.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Gail Phillips
- Advanced Well-Being Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (J.K.); (G.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Rachel Smith
- Therapeutics and Palliative Care Directorate, Combined Community and Acute Care Group, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK; (C.K.); (S.H.); (R.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Laura Evans
- Therapeutics and Palliative Care Directorate, Combined Community and Acute Care Group, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK; (C.K.); (S.H.); (R.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Sarah Thornton
- Dietetic Service, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK;
| | - Emma Dale
- Department of Psychological Services, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK;
| | - Louise Maxwell
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK;
| | - Diana M. Greenfield
- Specialised Cancer Services, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK; (P.F.); (D.M.G.)
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Robert Copeland
- Advanced Well-Being Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (J.K.); (G.P.); (R.C.)
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Gillespie J, Wright H, Pinkney J, Lloyd H. Blending Behavioural Theory and Narrative Analysis to Explore the Lived Experience of Obesity and Assess Potential Engagement in a UK Weight Management Service: Theory and Narrative Approaches in Weight Management. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:747. [PMID: 38610169 PMCID: PMC11011347 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for people with obesity emphasise the need for person-centred approaches that consider complex biopsychosocial factors and value the lived experience of people when attempting to lose weight. METHODS Narrative interviews (n = 20) were conducted with people living with obesity to explore the causes of their weight gain and their expectations and engagement with treatment at a Weight Management Clinic. A mixed inductive and deductive qualitative analysis identified utterances that represented psychological constructs used to understand self-appraisal and health behaviour. A narrative analysis was used to situate these findings in the context of a participant's life story. RESULTS Locus of control was a dominant construct evidenced through a person's attributional style and self-efficacy. Transcripts represented a heightened sense of self-understanding and shifts in control, and styles of attribution and efficacy resulted in either stasis or self-actualisation. The Stages of Change model could be applied to narratives to ascertain a patient's motivation to access treatment. Importantly, narrative interviews also allowed for the consideration of how a person's systemic context influenced their weight. CONCLUSION Narrative interaction supports both self- and shared understandings of the causes and consequences of obesity for individuals, in a non-blaming or shaming manner. It provides an opportunity to enhance engagement through tailored, person-centred treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gillespie
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (J.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Hannah Wright
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (J.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Jonathan Pinkney
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK;
| | - Helen Lloyd
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (J.G.); (H.W.)
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Grote V, Wagner T, Riedl D, Kautzky-Willer A, Fischer MJ, Scheibenbogen O, Musalek M. Female Patients Show a Larger Reduction in Suicidal Ideation in Inpatient Addiction Treatment Than Male Patients: Results of a Single-Center Observational Study. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2024; 15:31-42. [PMID: 38567036 PMCID: PMC10986415 DOI: 10.2147/sar.s454436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Substance use disorders (SUD) are prevalent disorders worldwide. Among other associated health problems, patients with SUD are at an increased risk of dying of suicide, with females displaying an even higher risk than males. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a gender-sensitive evaluation of changes in suicidal ideation during multimodal inpatient treatment at a hospital facility specialized in treating addiction. Methods A total of 694 patients (68.2% male) completed routine assessment including suicidal ideation, abstinence confidence, impulsivity, emotion regulation, self-efficacy and autonomy and joy both before (T1) and at the end (T2) of treatment. Mean changes were evaluated with repeated measures MANOVAs. Results Before treatment, a total of n=127 (18.3%) of the respondents reported suicidal ideation, which was reduced to n=72 (10.4%) by the end of treatment. Among female patients, the change in reported suicidal ideation compared from T1 to T2 (21.7% vs 7.7%) was significantly higher than among male patients (T1: 16.7%%, T2: 11.6%; p=0.040). Generally, females reported worse symptoms scores and slightly higher numbers of suicidal thoughts at baseline (effect sizes ranging from η²=.008 - 0.044). While both genders significantly profited from the treatment, female patients generally showed larger improvements than male. Discussion Our study underscores the beneficial effect of addiction-specialized inpatient treatment on suicidal ideation. Additionally, we found a substantial gender effect: while female patients generally were more distressed before treatment, they also reported higher symptom reduction during the treatment. This result highlights the need to perform more gender-sensitive research and develop more gender-sensitive treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Grote
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Wagner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Vienna, Austria
- Anton Proksch Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Riedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Vienna, Austria
- University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Michael J Fischer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Vienna, Austria
- Vamed Rehabilitation Center Kitzbühel, Kitzbühel, Austria
- Clinic for Rehabilitation Medicine, Hannover Medical School MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael Musalek
- Department of General Psychiatry, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Social Aesthetics and Mental Health, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Social Aesthetics and Mental Health, Sigmund Freud University, Berlin, Germany
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Ingvarsdottir TH, Johannsson E, Rognvaldsdottir V, Stefansdottir RS, Arnardottir NY. Longitudinal development and tracking of cardiorespiratory fitness from childhood to adolescence. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299941. [PMID: 38551951 PMCID: PMC10980206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important indicator of health in childhood and adolescence but longitudinal studies on the development and tracking of CRF from childhood to adolescence are scarce. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were (1) to assess longitudinal development and track CRF over 10 years from childhood to adolescence, and (2) to examine potential sex differences in the development and tracking of CRF during this period. METHODS Participants were Icelandic children born in 1999, measured at the age of 7 (n = 190, 106 girls), 9 (n = 163, 95 girls), 15 (n = 239, 134 girls), and 17 (n = 202, 119 girls). CRF was assessed with a maximal cycle ergometer test and expressed as maximal power output (Max W) and maximal power output relative to lean mass (W/kgLM). Multilevel regression models were used to study the longitudinal development of CRF, and tracking was assessed with Spearman's rank correlation, logistic regression, and the percentage of participants remaining in low, moderate, or high CRF categories between measurements. RESULTS Max W and W/kgLM increased for both boys and girls up to age 15. Max W plateaued for both boys and girls while W/kgLM plateaued for girls but declined for boys from age 15 to 17. Boys had higher Max W than girls from age 15 and higher W/kgLM from age 9. CRF tracked at low to moderate levels from childhood to adolescence and at high levels in adolescence, with higher values observed for boys than girls. CONCLUSIONS Age 15 was a critical time point in the development of CRF, with values starting to plateau for girls and decline for boys. The results support early intervention for improved CRF in later years, with interventions targeting all children, regardless of their CRF level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vaka Rognvaldsdottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Runa Sif Stefansdottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nanna Yr Arnardottir
- School of Health, Business and Natural Sciences, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
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Bete T, Ali T, Misgana T, Negash A, Abraham T, Teshome D, Sirtsu A, Nigussie K, Amano A. Suicidal ideation and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public hospitals of Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300417. [PMID: 38547179 PMCID: PMC10977762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a global issue. It is the third responsible for death among the reproductive age group. Pregnancy is a complicated event and crucial in the life of a woman with considerable physiological, hormonal changes, social, and mental changes. However, third-world countries like Ethiopia have not been investigated well. Therefore, the study planned to assess the magnitude and factors associated with suicidal ideation. Furthermore, it will identify the role of hyperemesis gravidarum on suicidal ideation. METHOD A Cross-sectional study was employed for 543 pregnant participants attending antenatal care at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital and Jugal General Hospital, Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia from June 1 to August 1, 2022. The recruited participants were selected by systematic random sampling method. Suicide was assessed using Composite International Diagnostic by interview methods data collection. Epi data and STATA version 14.1 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Candidate variables were entered into a multivariate logistic regression then those variables that have p-value < 0.05 were considered as significantly associated. RESULTS The magnitude of suicidal ideation in this study was found to be 11.15% at (95% CI: 8.75-14.11). Regarding the associated factor, unwanted pregnancy (AOR = 3.39: at 95% CI = 1.58-7.27), Hyperemesis gravidarum (AOR = 3.65: at 95% CI = 1.81-7.34), having depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.79: at 95% CI = 1.49-5.23), having anxiety symptoms (AOR = 3.37; at 95% CI = 1.69-6.68), experiencing intimate partner violence (AOR = 2.88: at 95% CI = 1.11-7.46), and having stress (AOR = 3.46; at 95% CI = 1.75-6.86) were significantly associated variable with suicidal ideation among pregnant women. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This study revealed that suicidal ideation is common among pregnant women. Regarding the associated factors unwanted pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, having depressive and anxiety symptoms, experiencing intimate partner violence, and stress were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Thus, giving awareness and early screening and interferences for antenatal suicide should be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Bete
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Misgana
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Negash
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Teklu Abraham
- Department of Psychiatry, School Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Arsi University, Assella, Ethiopia
| | - Dekeba Teshome
- Department of Psychiatry, School Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Arsi University, Assella, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Sirtsu
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Nigussie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulkerim Amano
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Kunin-Batson AS, Haapala J, Crain AL, Gunnar MR, Kharbanda EO, Kelly AS, Seburg EM, Sherwood NE, French SA. Cumulative environmental stress and emerging cardiometabolic risk during childhood. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13116. [PMID: 38549289 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the relationship between cumulative environmental stress and cardiometabolic risk in middle childhood, and to examine whether hair cortisol, a measure of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal-axis activity, mediates this relationship. METHODS In a cohort of children from low-income households (n = 320; 59% Hispanic, 23% Black, body mass index (BMI) percentile >50th at enrollment), environmental stressors including family and neighbourhood factors representing disadvantage/deprivation, and cortisol concentrations from hair samples, were measured over five timepoints beginning when children were 2-4 years old. Cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e., BMI, blood pressure, lipids, blood sugar, C-reactive protein) were measured at the final timepoint when children were 7-11 years of age. RESULTS In adjusted logistic regression models, greater cumulative environmental stress was associated with a higher likelihood of elevated cardiometabolic risk in middle childhood (p = 0.01). Children from minoritized racial/ethnic groups had a higher prevalence of both stressors and cardiometabolic risk factors. Cumulative environmental stress was associated with higher hair cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01). However, hair cortisol was not directly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and did not explain the association between environmental stress and cardiometabolic risk in causal mediation analysis. CONCLUSIONS The influence of cumulative stress on cardiometabolic health can be observed in middle childhood and may contribute to cardiometabolic health disparities, highlighting the importance of public health interventions to mitigate disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S Kunin-Batson
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jacob Haapala
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Megan R Gunnar
- Institute for Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Aaron S Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Nancy E Sherwood
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Simone A French
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Torske A, Bremer B, Hölzel BK, Maczka A, Koch K. Mindfulness meditation modulates stress-eating and its neural correlates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7294. [PMID: 38538663 PMCID: PMC10973375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress-related overeating can lead to excessive weight gain, increasing the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Mindfulness meditation has been demonstrated to reduce stress and increase interoceptive awareness and could, therefore, be an effective intervention for stress-related overeating behavior. To investigate the effects of mindfulness meditation on stress-eating behavior, meditation-naïve individuals with a tendency to stress-eat (N = 66) participated in either a 31-day, web-based mindfulness meditation training or a health training condition. Behavioral and resting-state fMRI data were acquired before and after the intervention. Mindfulness meditation training, in comparison to health training, was found to significantly increase mindfulness while simultaneously reducing stress- and emotional-eating tendencies as well as food cravings. These behavioral results were accompanied by functional connectivity changes between the hypothalamus, reward regions, and several areas of the default mode network in addition to changes observed between the insula and somatosensory areas. Additional changes between seed regions (i.e., hypothalamus and insula) and brain areas attributed to emotion regulation, awareness, attention, and sensory integration were observed. Notably, these changes in functional connectivity correlated with behavioral changes, thereby providing insight into the underlying neural mechanisms of the effects of mindfulness on stress-eating.Clinical trial on the ISRCTN registry: trial ID ISRCTN12901054.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Torske
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Benno Bremer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Britta Karen Hölzel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Maczka
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
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Olczak T, Śmiga M, Antonyuk SV, Smalley JW. Hemophore-like proteins of the HmuY family in the oral and gut microbiome: unraveling the mystery of their evolution. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0013123. [PMID: 38305743 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00131-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Heme (iron protoporphyrin IX, FePPIX) is the main source of iron and PPIX for host-associated pathogenic bacteria, including members of the Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) phylum. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone oral pathogen, uses a unique heme uptake (Hmu) system, comprising a hemophore-like protein, designated as the first member of the novel HmuY family. Compared to classical, secreted hemophores utilized by Gram-negative bacteria or near-iron transporter domain-based hemophores utilized by Gram-positive bacteria, the HmuY family comprises structurally similar proteins that have undergone diversification during evolution. The best characterized are P. gingivalis HmuY and its homologs from Tannerella forsythia (Tfo), Prevotella intermedia (PinO and PinA), Bacteroides vulgatus (Bvu), and Bacteroides fragilis (BfrA, BfrB, and BfrC). In contrast to the two histidine residues coordinating heme iron in P. gingivalis HmuY, Tfo, PinO, PinA, Bvu, and BfrA preferentially use two methionine residues. Interestingly, BfrB, despite conserved methionine residue, binds the PPIX ring without iron coordination. BfrC binds neither heme nor PPIX in keeping with the lack of conserved histidine or methionine residues used by other members of the HmuY family. HmuY competes for heme binding and heme sequestration from host hemoproteins with other members of the HmuY family to increase P. gingivalis competitiveness. The participation of HmuY in the host immune response confirms its relevance in relation to the survival of P. gingivalis and its ability to induce dysbiosis not only in the oral microbiome but also in the gut microbiome or other host niches, leading to local injuries and involvement in comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Olczak
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Śmiga
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Svetlana V Antonyuk
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John W Smalley
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Shang X, Maimaiti N, Fan J, Wang L, Wang Y, Sun H, Lv J, Zhang X, Wang J, Ma X. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 Mediates the Involvement of M2-Type Macrophages in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infection. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1919-1928. [PMID: 38562656 PMCID: PMC10982454 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s435216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage play a significant work in the development of tuberculosis. This study aims to investigate the relationship between TREM2 and macrophage polarization, as well as the related cytokines. Methods This study involved 43 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 37 healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression levels of M1/M2 macrophage-related cytokines IL-10 and IL-12 in the peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The relative mRNA expression levels of TREM2, IL-10 and IL-12 were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Additionally, Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to preliminarily assess the correlation between TREM2 and M1 / M2 macrophages. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the pathological manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis lesions. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to observe the localization of the macrophage-specific molecule CD68, the M1 specific molecule iNOS, the M2 specific molecule CD163, and TREM2. Results The lesions of pulmonary tuberculosis patients showed Langhans multinucleated macrophages and tuberculous granulomas. The ELISA results indicated that the expression levels of IL-10 and IL-12 were significantly increased in peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Additionally, the relative mRNA expression levels of TREM2, IL-10 and IL-12 were also significantly higher in the pulmonary tuberculosis group. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between TREM2 and IL-10, which are secreted by M2 macrophages. IHC revealed significant positivity of TREM2 and macrophage-related markers in tuberculous granuloma. Specifically, TREM2 and M2 macrophage marker CD163 were significantly expressed in the cytoplasm and membrane of Langhans multinucleated macrophages. Conclusion The role of macrophage polarization in pulmonary tuberculosis is significant, and further investigation is needed to understand relationship between TREM2 and M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Naifeisha Maimaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People's Republic of China
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