201
|
Karra P, Winn M, Pauleck S, Bulsiewicz-Jacobsen A, Peterson L, Coletta A, Doherty J, Ulrich CM, Summers SA, Gunter M, Hardikar S, Playdon MC. Metabolic dysfunction and obesity-related cancer: Beyond obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1323-1334. [PMID: 35785479 PMCID: PMC9302704 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The metabolic dysfunction driven by obesity, including hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, increases risk for developing at least 13 cancer types. The concept of "metabolic dysfunction" is often defined by meeting various combinations of criteria for metabolic syndrome. However, the lack of a unified definition of metabolic dysfunction makes it difficult to compare findings across studies. This review summarizes 129 studies that evaluated variable definitions of metabolic dysfunction in relation to obesity-related cancer risk and mortality after a cancer diagnosis. Strategies for metabolic dysfunction management are also discussed. METHODS A comprehensive search of relevant publications in MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar with review of references was conducted. RESULTS Metabolic dysfunction, defined as metabolic syndrome diagnosis or any number of metabolic syndrome criteria out of clinical range, inflammatory biomarkers, or markers of metabolic organ function, has been associated with risk for, and mortality from, colorectal, pancreatic, postmenopausal breast, and bladder cancers. Metabolic dysfunction associations with breast and colorectal cancer risk have been observed independently of BMI, with increased risk in individuals with metabolically unhealthy normal weight or overweight/obesity compared with metabolically healthy normal weight. CONCLUSION Metabolic dysfunction is a key risk factor for obesity-related cancer, regardless of obesity status. Nonetheless, a harmonized definition of metabolic dysfunction will further clarify the magnitude of the relationship across cancer types, enable better comparisons across studies, and further guide criteria for obesity-related cancer risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasoona Karra
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Maci Winn
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Svenja Pauleck
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Lacie Peterson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Adriana Coletta
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jennifer Doherty
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Scott A. Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Marc Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sheetal Hardikar
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mary C. Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Wang W, Xu Y, Wang X, Chu Y, Zhang H, Zhou L, Zhu H, Li J, Kuai R, Zhou F, Yang D, Peng H. Swimming Impedes Intestinal Microbiota and Lipid Metabolites of Tumorigenesis in Colitis-Associated Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:929092. [PMID: 35847876 PMCID: PMC9285133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.929092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating data support that regular physical activity potentially inhibits chronic colitis, a risk factor for colitis-associated cancer (CAC). However, possible effects of physical activity on CAC and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods A pretreatment of swimming on azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced CAC mice was implemented to determine its protective effect. Inflammation and tumorigenesis were assessed using colorectums from C57BL/6 mice. In order to determine how swimming alters colonic lipid metabolism and gene expression, a comparative analysis was conducted. Meanwhile, alterations in intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were detected and analyzed. Finally, an integration analysis of colonic lipid metabolism with gene expression and intestinal microbiota was performed respectively. Result Swimming pretreatment relieved bowel inflammation and minimized tumor formation. We demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/PGE2 receptor 2 subtype (EP2) signaling as a potential regulatory target for swimming induces colonic lipid metabolites. Swimming-induced genera, Erysipelatoclostridium, Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, induced intestinal SCFAs and affected the function of colonic lipid metabolites enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism and choline metabolism in cancer. Conclusion According to our experiments, swimming pretreatment can protect mice from CAC by intervention in the possible link between colonic lipid metabolites and PGE2/EP2 signaling. Further, swimming-induced genera and probiotics promoted glycerophospholipid metabolism and choline metabolism in cancer, the major constituents of colonic lipid metabolites, and increased SCFAs, which were also important mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic effects of swimming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daming Yang
- *Correspondence: Haixia Peng, ; Daming Yang,
| | - Haixia Peng
- *Correspondence: Haixia Peng, ; Daming Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Shi X, Zhuo H, Du Y, Nyhan K, Ioannidis J, Wallach JD. Environmental risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: umbrella review and comparison of meta-analyses of summary and individual participant data. BMJ MEDICINE 2022; 1:e000184. [PMID: 36936582 PMCID: PMC9978687 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To summarise the range, strength, and validity of reported associations between environmental risk factors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and to evaluate the concordance between associations reported in meta-analyses of summary level data and meta-analyses of individual participant data. Design Umbrella review and comparison of meta-analyses of summary and individual participant level data. Data sources Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos, from inception to 23 July 2021. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies English language meta-analyses of summary level data and of individual participant data evaluating associations between environmental risk factors and incident non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (overall and subtypes). Data extraction and synthesis Summary effect estimates from meta-analyses of summary level data comparing ever versus never exposure that were adjusted for the largest number of potential confounders were re-estimated using a random effects model and classified as presenting evidence that was non-significant, weak (P<0.05), suggestive (P<0.001 and >1000 cases), highly suggestive (P<0.000001, >1000 cases, largest study reporting a significant association), or convincing (P<0.000001, >1000 cases, largest study reporting a significant association, I2 <50%, 95% prediction interval excluding the null value, and no evidence of small study effects and excess significance bias) evidence. When the same exposures, exposure contrast levels, and outcomes were evaluated in meta-analyses of summary level data and meta-analyses of individual participant data from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology (InterLymph) Consortium, concordance in terms of direction, level of significance, and overlap of 95% confidence intervals was examined. Methodological quality of the meta-analyses of summary level data was assessed by the AMSTAR 2 tool. Results We identified 85 meta-analyses of summary level data reporting 257 associations for 134 unique environmental risk factors and 10 subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma nearly all (79, 93%) were classified as having critically low quality. Most associations (225, 88%) presented either non-significant or weak evidence. The 11 (4%) associations presenting highly suggestive evidence were primarily for autoimmune or infectious disease related risk factors. Only one association, between history of coeliac disease and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, presented convincing evidence. Of 40 associations reported in meta-analyses of summary level data that were also evaluated in InterLymph meta-analyses of individual participant data, 22 (55%) pairs were in the same direction, had the same level of statistical significance, and had overlapping 95% confidence intervals; 28 (70%) pairs had summary effect sizes from the meta-analyses of individual participant data that were more conservative. Conclusion This umbrella review suggests evidence of many meta-analyses of summary level data reporting weak associations between environmental risk factors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Improvements to primary studies as well as evidence synthesis in evaluations of evironmental risk factors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are needed. Review registration number PROSPERO CRD42020178010.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Shi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haoran Zhuo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuxuan Du
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kate Nyhan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Wallach
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Chai S, Kueh YC, Majdi Yaacob N, Kuan G. Psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269099. [PMID: 35749451 PMCID: PMC9231722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The present study aimed at validating the Malay-language version of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3M) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
Methods
Data were collected from undergraduate students in the Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia. A total of 674 students completed the BREQ-3M (male: 19.4%, female: 80.6%), with a mean age of 20.27 years (SD = 1.35). Behavioural regulation was assessed with the 24-item BREQ-3M. Standard forward-backward translation was performed to translate the English version of BREQ-3 into the Malay version.
Results
The initial measurement models tested did not result in a good fit for the data. Subsequent examination of the CFA results suggested some modifications, including adding correlations between the item residuals within the same subscale and deletion of identified regulation. These modifications resulted in good fit indices (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA = 0.049; Comparative Fit Index, CFI = 0.949; Tucker-Lewis Index, TLI = 0.938; Standardised Root Mean Square Residual, SRMR = 0.049). The final measurement model comprised 20 items and had significant factor loadings of more than 0.50, ranging from 0.580 to 0.868. The composite reliability ranged between 0.746–0.841 for the five-factor model.
Conclusions
The 20-item translated version of BREQ-3M is valid and reliable for assessing the behavioural regulation for exercise among university students in Malaysia.
Perspective
This study examined the psychometric properties of the Malay-language BREQ-3. It was the first to assess the measurement model in Malaysia using CFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirlie Chai
- Pharmacy Department, Miri Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Centre Miri, Miri Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Najib Majdi Yaacob
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Garry Kuan
- Exercise and Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Guerra ZC, Moore JR, Londoño T, Castro Y. Associations of Acculturation and Gender with Obesity and Physical Activity among Latinos. Am J Health Behav 2022; 46:324-336. [PMID: 35794757 PMCID: PMC10877675 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.46.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Latinos disproportionately experience overweight/obesity (OWOB) and insufficient physical activity (PA), which are risk factors for numerous health conditions. Whereas numerous studies investigate acculturation as a determinant of OWOB and PA, few have examined acculturation multidimensionally, and none has examined its interaction with gender. Methods: Participants were 140 Latino adults. Primary outcomes were status as OWOB and endorsement of insufficient PA. Acculturation was measured with the Multidimensional Acculturation Scale II. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between each acculturation scale and outcome, controlling for education, nativity, and smoking status. Results: Greater Spanish proficiency was significantly associated with lower odds of insufficient PA. Greater American Cultural Identity was significantly associated with higher odds of OWOB. Women had significantly higher odds of endorsing insufficient PA compared to men. Gender did not moderate the relationship between acculturation and either OWOB or PA. Conclusions: Acculturation is similarly associated with OWOB and insufficient PA for Latino men and women. Cultural identity may need to be considered to target OWOB interventions. Acculturation may be less important, and gender more important, to consider for appropriate targeting of PA interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zully C Guerra
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States; zguerra@utexas. edu
| | - John R Moore
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Tatiana Londoño
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Yessenia Castro
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Sanz-Martín D, Melguizo-Ibáñez E, Ruiz-Tendero G, Ubago-Jiménez JL. An Explanatory Model of the Relationships between Physical Activity, Social Support and Screen Time among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127463. [PMID: 35742710 PMCID: PMC9223611 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Effective physical activity studies are necessary to understand how factors involved in physical activity mediate behaviour. Therefore, more reliable explanatory models can be generated in order to design effective actions to promote physical activity. The study had two aims: (1) to develop an explanatory model to identify and establish the relationships between physical activity, social support and screen time among adolescents; and (2) to contrast the explanatory structural model by means of a multi-group analysis according to sex. The study design was cross-sectional with descriptive and correlational analysis. The research was carried out with a representative sample of adolescents from the province of Soria (mean age 14.06 ± 1.27 years). The instruments used were: Four by One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaire, Parent Support Scale and Peer Support Scale. The results show that social support had a negative relationship with screen time (r = −0.178; p ≤ 0.001); males had a positive relationship between physical activity and screen time (r = 0.118; p ≤ 0.05); and peer support had more influence on social support than parental support. In conclusion, the proposed model was effective in triangulating the relationships between physical activity, social support and screen time in a novel way, while allowing us to discriminate these results according to participants’ sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanz-Martín
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Isabel I University, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958246685
| | - Germán Ruiz-Tendero
- Department of Languages, Arts and Physical Education Teaching, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Luis Ubago-Jiménez
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Ortolan S, Neunhaeuserer D, Quinto G, Barra B, Centanini A, Battista F, Vecchiato M, De Marchi V, Celidoni M, Rebba V, Ermolao A. Potential Cost Savings for the Healthcare System by Physical Activity in Different Chronic Diseases: A Pilot Study in the Veneto Region of Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127375. [PMID: 35742622 PMCID: PMC9224390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical inactivity (PI) are associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases and a significant economic burden. This pilot study aims to estimate the possible cost savings for the Veneto Regional Health Service (Italy) due to a population-based physical activity (PA) intervention. Methods: The PA-related cost-savings were assessed for four chronic diseases in the whole and sedentary populations of the Veneto region. The SB and PA epidemiological data, regarding an additional percutaneous coronary intervention in coronary artery disease, hospitalizations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, surgery for colorectal cancer, and femur fracture, were obtained from national and regional administrative sources. A relative risk reduction, due to PA, was obtained from the recent literature. The annual healthcare costs were estimated using the regional diagnosis-related group tariffs. Results: The annual estimated cost-savings for the regional healthcare service related to these four outcomes: an amount between EUR 5,310,179 (if a conservative analysis was performed) and EUR 17,411,317. Conclusion: By a downward estimate, regarding the direct healthcare costs, PA interventions could lead to important cost-savings in the Veneto region. The savings would be greater when considering the cross-sectional impact on other healthcare costs, comorbidities, and indirect costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ortolan
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel Neunhaeuserer
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8217456
| | - Giulia Quinto
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Barra
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
| | - Anna Centanini
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Battista
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina De Marchi
- Department of Economics and Management “Marco Fanno”, University of Padova, Via Bassi 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (V.D.M.); (M.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Martina Celidoni
- Department of Economics and Management “Marco Fanno”, University of Padova, Via Bassi 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (V.D.M.); (M.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Vincenzo Rebba
- Department of Economics and Management “Marco Fanno”, University of Padova, Via Bassi 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (V.D.M.); (M.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Mama SK, Heredia NI, Johnston H, Conroy DE. Associations Between Physical Activity and Alcohol Consumption in Rural Cancer Survivors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871192. [PMID: 35747787 PMCID: PMC9209737 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rural adults and cancer survivors are more likely to be physically inactive and exceed recommendations for alcohol use. Physical activity and alcohol use are positively associated in adults and cancer survivors but associations between physical activity and alcohol use in rural cancer survivors is unknown. This cross-sectional study explored associations between physical activity, sitting time, and alcohol use in rural cancer survivors. Methods Cancer survivors residing in central Pennsylvania were recruited to the Partnering to Prevent and Control Cancer (PPCC) study and completed mailed questionnaires assessing physical activity (low, moderate, high), sitting time (<6 or ≥6 hours/day), and alcohol use (0 or ≥1 drinks/week). Binary logistic regression models tested associations between physical activity, sitting time, and alcohol use, adjusting for age, gender, and education. Results Participants (N=219) were in their mid-60s (M age=64.5 ± 12.2 years, 60.7% female), overweight (M BMI=29.6 ± 6.9 kg/m2), and 50.5% were college graduates. Nearly half of participants were breast (22.8%) or prostate (20.5%) cancer survivors and 90.4% were >12 weeks but <5 years post-treatment. Participants self-reported meeting physical activity recommendations (79.5%), sitting <6 hours/day (53.3%), and consuming ≥1 alcoholic drinks/week (54.1%). Participants who reported being moderately (OR=5.0, 95% CI: 1.9-12.9) or highly (OR=4.5, 95% CI: 1.9-10.9) active had higher odds of reporting alcohol use, after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion Results mirror positive associations seen in adults and other subgroups (e.g., racial/ethnic minority adults). Cancer control efforts should stress being physically active while emphasizing messaging to curtail increases in alcohol use among rural cancer survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scherezade K. Mama
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Scherezade K. Mama,
| | - Natalia I. Heredia
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hannah Johnston
- Department of Behavioral Science, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David E. Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Quail DF, Amulic B, Aziz M, Barnes BJ, Eruslanov E, Fridlender ZG, Goodridge HS, Granot Z, Hidalgo A, Huttenlocher A, Kaplan MJ, Malanchi I, Merghoub T, Meylan E, Mittal V, Pittet MJ, Rubio-Ponce A, Udalova IA, van den Berg TK, Wagner DD, Wang P, Zychlinsky A, de Visser KE, Egeblad M, Kubes P. Neutrophil phenotypes and functions in cancer: A consensus statement. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20220011. [PMID: 35522219 PMCID: PMC9086501 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first responders to infection and inflammation and are thus a critical component of innate immune defense. Understanding the behavior of neutrophils as they act within various inflammatory contexts has provided insights into their role in sterile and infectious diseases; however, the field of neutrophils in cancer is comparatively young. Here, we summarize key concepts and current knowledge gaps related to the diverse roles of neutrophils throughout cancer progression. We discuss sources of neutrophil heterogeneity in cancer and provide recommendations on nomenclature for neutrophil states that are distinct in maturation and activation. We address discrepancies in the literature that highlight a need for technical standards that ought to be considered between laboratories. Finally, we review emerging questions in neutrophil biology and innate immunity in cancer. Overall, we emphasize that neutrophils are a more diverse population than previously appreciated and that their role in cancer may present novel unexplored opportunities to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F. Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Borko Amulic
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zvi G. Fridlender
- Hadassah Medical Center, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Helen S. Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Mariana J. Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour-Host Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Etienne Meylan
- Lung Cancer and Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Bordet Cancer Research Laboratories, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Anderlecht, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neuberger Berman Foundation Lung Cancer Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mikael J. Pittet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rubio-Ponce
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irina A. Udalova
- University of Oxford, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, UK
| | - Timo K. van den Berg
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Denisa D. Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Arturo Zychlinsky
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin E. de Visser
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Banbury Center meeting organizers, Diverse Functions of Neutrophils in Cancer, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, NY
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
- Banbury Center meeting organizers, Diverse Functions of Neutrophils in Cancer, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, NY
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Banbury Center meeting organizers, Diverse Functions of Neutrophils in Cancer, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Ning Y, Wang Q, Ding Y, Zhao W, Jia Z, Wang B. Barriers and facilitators to physical activity participation in patients with head and neck cancer: a scoping review. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:4591-4601. [PMID: 35032199 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) usually experienced disfigurement, dysfunction, and psychosocial distress, leading to a decline in their quality of life. Physical activity (PA) is recommended for such patients. Despite the proven benefits of participating in PA, the compliance of patients with HNC is still poor. Hence, the factors influencing PA participation and adherence in patients with HNC need to be explored. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to (1) identify barriers and enablers of PA in adult patients living with HNC and (2) map barriers and facilitators to the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Types of studies: Studies with qualitative, quantitative, and mixed designs were included in this review. TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS The current review takes into account patients with HNC aged 18 years or above. Types of interventions: This review considered all studies focusing on full-body PA. TYPES OF OUTCOMES This scoping review focused on studies examining health behavior, patients' compliance, and facilitators and/or barriers to PA engagement. Five databases (Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO) were searched following the methodology for scoping reviews from inception to July 2021. DATA EXTRACTION The extracted data included author(s)/year of publication, country, main purpose of the study, sample size/disease site and stage, methodology and methods, type of treatment, and main findings/barriers, or facilitators. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were finally selected. The top three barriers were physical-related issues, time pressures, and low motivation or interest. Most facilitators included perceived psychological, health, and social benefits and preference for the model of PA. The most frequent COM-B model components were physical capability, automatic motivation, and physical opportunity. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HNC have unique facilitators and barriers to participating in PA. Interventions must leverage facilitators and limit barriers to exercise so as to increase compliance with exercise. Future studies should test the effectiveness of behavioral change measures based on the factors influencing the COM-B model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ning
- Nursing College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Nursing College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yongxia Ding
- Nursing College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85, Jiefang Road South, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Nursing College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zehuan Jia
- Nursing College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Binquan Wang
- Nursing College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China. .,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85, Jiefang Road South, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030001, China. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85, Jiefang Road South, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China. .,Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
A prospective cohort study of physical activity in relation to lung cancer incidence among Black women. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102146. [PMID: 35325667 PMCID: PMC9133140 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black women have higher lung cancer incidence and mortality rates despite a lower smoking prevalence than White women. Physical activity may reduce lung cancer risk through several pathways, including the immune and inflammatory systems, as well as those with effects on sex hormones and metabolism. METHODS We examined vigorous physical activity, walking for exercise, sitting watching television, and metabolic equivalents (METs) in relation to lung cancer risk among 38,432 participants in a prospective cohort of Black women. We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for covariates to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In 1995-2017, 475 incident lung cancer cases accrued. Participants who engaged in ≥ 1 h/week of vigorous physical activity or expended the highest tertile of METs experienced a decreased risk of lung cancer (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.65-1.10; 0.89, 0.68-1.18; respectively). An increased risk was observed for sitting watching television (≥1 h/week: 1.27, 0.72-2.21). In stratified models, an inverse association between walking for exercise and lung cancer risk was only present among former smokers (≥1 h/week: 0.71, 0.52-0.98), while inverse associations between vigorous physical activity (≥1 h/week: 0.45, 0.28-0.73) and METs (tertile 3: 0.54, 0.34-0.85) and lung cancer risk were present among smokers with ≥ 20 pack-years. CONCLUSION Physical activity may play a role in reducing lung cancer risk among Black women, particularly among smokers. Future studies should explore biologic mechanisms whereby physical activity may influence carcinogenesis and investigate the role of exercise interventions in reducing lung cancer risk among smokers.
Collapse
|
212
|
Steck SE, Su LJ, Antwi SO, Morris BB, Crawford B, Adams SA, Hebert JR, Fontham ETH, Bensen JT, Mohler JL, Arab L. Recreational and occupational physical activity in relation to prostate cancer aggressiveness: the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP). Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:875-887. [PMID: 35320830 PMCID: PMC10964168 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between recreational and occupational physical activity and prostate cancer aggressiveness in a population-based, case-only, incident prostate cancer study. METHODS Data were analyzed from the cross-sectional North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project of African-American (n = 1,023) and European-American (n = 1,079) men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer (CaP). High-aggressive CaP was defined as Gleason sum ≥ 8, or prostate-specific antigen > 20 ng/ml, or Gleason sum ≥ 7 and clinical stage T3-T4. Metabolic equivalent tasks (MET) were estimated from self-reported recreational physical activity in the year prior to diagnosis assessed retrospectively via a validated questionnaire and from occupational physical activity based on job titles. Associations between physical activity variables and high-aggressive prostate cancer were estimated using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for multiple confounders. RESULTS There was suggestive evidence that walking for 75-150 min/week for exercise is associated with lower odds of high-aggressive prostate cancer compared to no walking (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.47-1.01). Physical activity at the current job was associated with 24% lower odds of high-aggressive prostate cancer (highest vs. lowest tertile OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.56-1.04). However, total MET-h/week of recreational physical activity and accumulation of high-level physical activity at the longest-held job were not associated with high-aggressive prostate cancer. Results did not vary by race. CONCLUSIONS The odds of high-aggressive prostate cancer were lower among men who walk for exercise and those engaged in occupations with high activity levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Steck
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 456, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - L Joseph Su
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Samuel O Antwi
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Bonny B Morris
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Brittany Crawford
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Swann Arp Adams
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James R Hebert
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth T H Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Self-care behaviors in patients with cancer treated with oral anticancer agents: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:8465-8483. [PMID: 35639188 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Continuous progress in cancer care has led to its increased use in oral anticancer agents that are easily managed by patients at home with fewer costs and hospitalizations. However, correct self-care behaviors are needed for the safe use of these medications. This review aimed to synthesize studies on self-care behaviors in patients treated with oral anticancer agents. METHODS This systematic review used a convergent qualitative synthesis design for mixed studies. Studies on adult patients with cancer using any kind of oral anticancer agent and describing self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and/or self-care management behaviors were searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL. After data extraction, the findings were retained for qualitative synthesis. FINDINGS Of 3419 records, 19 studies were included in this review. From the qualitative synthesis, all the retrieved behaviors were synthesized in the three self-care dimensions. Five themes and 18 subthemes were identified. Self-care maintenance included "adherence to the medications" and "prevention." Self-care monitoring consisted of "health surveillance and recognition of illness changes." Self-care management included "seeking help" and "autonomous management of side effects." Overall, most of the behaviors described focused only on adherence. CONCLUSION The findings of this systematic review could guide future studies on self-care and drive future interventions aimed at improving self-care in this vulnerable population. Nurses and other healthcare professionals should provide self-care support to patients taking oral anticancer agents. In particular, they should promote behaviors aimed at improving well-being, preserving health, or managing side effects.
Collapse
|
214
|
Chang WY, Lin HH, Chang LC, Hsu WF, Wu MS, Chiu HM. Active exercise after polypectomy reduces the risk of metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasm. Dig Endosc 2022; 34:828-837. [PMID: 34516690 DOI: 10.1111/den.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Exercise is associated with a lower risk of colorectal neoplasm but its association with metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasm development after polypectomy remains unclear. We aimed to investigate associations between subjects' exercise habits and the risk of metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasm. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study analyzed subjects older than 40 years who received screening colonoscopy with polypectomy and surveillance colonoscopy between January 2009 and December 2016. All participants completed a standard questionnaire containing exercise habits before surveillance colonoscopy. Subjects' exercise habits were quantified as weekly exercise amounts (metabolic equivalents of task-day/week) and dichotomized (active/sedentary exercise habit) using averages as the cut-off point. The associations between incidence of metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasm and exercise habits were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. RESULTS A total of 1820 subjects comprised the study cohort and 86 (4.73%) of them developed metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasm during the surveillance period. An active exercise habit after polypectomy was associated with a lower risk of metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasm (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35-0.91). Furthermore, this protective effect from exercise was specific for subjects having advanced neoplasm at screening colonoscopy (aHR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11-0.94). CONCLUSIONS An active exercise habit after polypectomy, a surrogate for a more active lifestyle, is associated with a lower risk for developing metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasm. A positive lifestyle modification, such as maintaining/establishing an active exercise habit, should be advised after polypectomy, especially for those with advanced colorectal neoplasm during screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ho Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Paul's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Chow LS, Gerszten RE, Taylor JM, Pedersen BK, van Praag H, Trappe S, Febbraio MA, Galis ZS, Gao Y, Haus JM, Lanza IR, Lavie CJ, Lee CH, Lucia A, Moro C, Pandey A, Robbins JM, Stanford KI, Thackray AE, Villeda S, Watt MJ, Xia A, Zierath JR, Goodpaster BH, Snyder MP. Exerkines in health, resilience and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:273-289. [PMID: 35304603 PMCID: PMC9554896 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of exercise are well-recognized and are observed across multiple organ systems. These beneficial effects enhance overall resilience, healthspan and longevity. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of exercise, however, remain poorly understood. Since the discovery in 2000 that muscle contraction releases IL-6, the number of exercise-associated signalling molecules that have been identified has multiplied. Exerkines are defined as signalling moieties released in response to acute and/or chronic exercise, which exert their effects through endocrine, paracrine and/or autocrine pathways. A multitude of organs, cells and tissues release these factors, including skeletal muscle (myokines), the heart (cardiokines), liver (hepatokines), white adipose tissue (adipokines), brown adipose tissue (baptokines) and neurons (neurokines). Exerkines have potential roles in improving cardiovascular, metabolic, immune and neurological health. As such, exerkines have potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, and possibly in the facilitation of healthy ageing. This Review summarizes the importance and current state of exerkine research, prevailing challenges and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Chow
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for PA Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain institute and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zorina S Galis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yunling Gao
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacob M Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cedric Moro
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse III University-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy M Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alice E Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Saul Villeda
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley Xia
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Mahumud RA, Sultana M, Gow J, Rahman MA, Uddin KF, Kamal M, Alam K, Dawson A, Law CK. Association of dietary risks, behavioural and lifestyle factors, and the magnitude of disability burden among Australian cancer patients: An observational epidemiology study. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102161. [PMID: 35447539 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients are confronted with a variety of other health-related issues, including physical disability, poor quality of life, and psychological challenges. This study aims to quantify the association of dietary, behavioural and lifestyle risk factors and comorbidities on the magnitude and distribution of disability burden among cancer patients in Australia. METHODS This study comprised a sample of 2283 cancer patients drawn from the latest nationwide Australian National Health Survey conducted in 2017-18. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of the number of disabilities and its associations. RESULTS Forty-five percent of cancer patients experienced at least one disability. The magnitude of disability was significantly associated with sugar-sweetened drink consumption ≥ 3 days per week (IRR= 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02-1.26), a lack of physical activity (IRR = 1.69, 1.38-2.07), frequent or regular alcohol consumption (IRR = 1.95, 1.84-2.08), poor health status (IRR = 1.99, 1.78-2.24) and the presence of five or more chronic comorbid conditions (IRR = 3.59, 2.90-4.46). Cancer patients who consumed vegetables at least two or more times per day had a 10% lower risk of disability burden (IRR = 0.90, 0.82-0.99). CONCLUSIONS This study shows the association of diet, behavioural, and lifestyle risk factors on the degree of disability burden among cancer patients, highlighting the need for bold and effective policies. The findings will inform the implementation of evidence-based lifestyle interventions and offer a foundation for evaluating their influence on cancer survivors' health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia; Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Marufa Sultana
- Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeff Gow
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Md Ashfikur Rahman
- Development Studies Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Khandakar Farid Uddin
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith Campus, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mostafa Kamal
- Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Khorshed Alam
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Angela Dawson
- The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Chi Kin Law
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Emerging Disparities in Prevention and Survival Outcomes for Patients with Head and Neck Cancer and Recommendations for Health Equity. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:1153-1161. [PMID: 35420396 PMCID: PMC9008381 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The aim of this review is to describe less known and emerging disparities found in the prevention and survival outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) that are likely to play an increasingly important role in HNC outcomes and health inequities. Recent Findings The following factors contribute to HNC incidence and outcomes: (1) the effect of rurality on prevention and treatment of HNC, (2) dietary behavior and nutritional factors influencing the development of and survival from HNC, and (3) barriers and benefits of telehealth for patients with HNC. Summary Rurality, nutrition and diet, and telehealth usage and access are significant contributors to the existing health disparities associated with HNC. Population and culturally specific interventions are urgently needed as well as more research to further define the issues and develop appropriate population and individual level solutions.
Collapse
|
218
|
Boraka Ö, Klintman M, Rosendahl AH. Physical Activity and Long-Term Risk of Breast Cancer, Associations with Time in Life and Body Composition in the Prospective Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081960. [PMID: 35454864 PMCID: PMC9025884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Being physically active as part of everyday life reduces breast cancer risk. Less is known whether the benefits of an active lifestyle differ depending on the timing of physical activity in life or anthropometric characteristics. The aim of this study was to bring further insights to the association of physical activity in relation to menopausal status and body composition with breast cancer risk by making use of a prospective Swedish cohort (Malmö Diet and Cancer Study) with long-term follow-up. Physical activity information of 15,983 participants for the past 12 months prior to study entry was assessed according to metabolic equivalent task (MET)-hours/week to integrate duration and intensity of reported activities. During 23.2 years median follow-up, 1302 invasive breast cancers occurred. Women reporting a high physical activity at study baseline, corresponding to >1 h daily walking/week (≥28.5 MET-h/week), had a 23% lower long-term breast cancer risk (HRadj = 0.77, 95% CI 0.66−0.90) than those reporting low physical activity, being most pronounced among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, and women with waist circumference, body fat percentage, or BMI in the upper-normal and overweight range. For premenopausal women or women having obesity or the largest body composition, high physical activity alone did not modify the breast cancer risk, suggesting additional preventive measures indicated in these groups to reduce the long-term risk of breast cancer.
Collapse
|
219
|
Emery A, Moore S, Turner JE, Campbell JP. Reframing How Physical Activity Reduces The Incidence of Clinically-Diagnosed Cancers: Appraising Exercise-Induced Immuno-Modulation As An Integral Mechanism. Front Oncol 2022; 12:788113. [PMID: 35359426 PMCID: PMC8964011 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.788113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Undertaking a high volume of physical activity is associated with reduced risk of a broad range of clinically diagnosed cancers. These findings, which imply that physical activity induces physiological changes that avert or suppress neoplastic activity, are supported by preclinical intervention studies in rodents demonstrating that structured regular exercise commonly represses tumour growth. In Part 1 of this review, we summarise epidemiology and preclinical evidence linking physical activity or regular structured exercise with reduced cancer risk or tumour growth. Despite abundant evidence that physical activity commonly exerts anti-cancer effects, the mechanism(s)-of-action responsible for these beneficial outcomes is undefined and remains subject to ongoing speculation. In Part 2, we outline why altered immune regulation from physical activity - specifically to T cells - is likely an integral mechanism. We do this by first explaining how physical activity appears to modulate the cancer immunoediting process. In doing so, we highlight that augmented elimination of immunogenic cancer cells predominantly leads to the containment of cancers in a 'precancerous' or 'covert' equilibrium state, thus reducing the incidence of clinically diagnosed cancers among physically active individuals. In seeking to understand how physical activity might augment T cell function to avert cancer outgrowth, in Part 3 we appraise how physical activity affects the determinants of a successful T cell response against immunogenic cancer cells. Using the cancer immunogram as a basis for this evaluation, we assess the effects of physical activity on: (i) general T cell status in blood, (ii) T cell infiltration to tissues, (iii) presence of immune checkpoints associated with T cell exhaustion and anergy, (iv) presence of inflammatory inhibitors of T cells and (v) presence of metabolic inhibitors of T cells. The extent to which physical activity alters these determinants to reduce the risk of clinically diagnosed cancers - and whether physical activity changes these determinants in an interconnected or unrelated manner - is unresolved. Accordingly, we analyse how physical activity might alter each determinant, and we show how these changes may interconnect to explain how physical activity alters T cell regulation to prevent cancer outgrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Emery
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Moore
- Department of Haematology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - John P Campbell
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Yin X, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Man J, Yang X, Lu M. The global, regional, and national disease burden of breast cancer attributable to low physical activity from 1990 to 2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:42. [PMID: 35366913 PMCID: PMC8977046 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the spatiotemporal variation in female breast cancer attributable to low physical activity (LPA) at a global scale from 1990 to 2019, which is essential to promote physical activity, as well as prevent and control breast cancer. Methods The number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and the corresponding age-standardized rates (ASMR and ASDR) of LPA-related breast cancer in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to measure the related breast cancer burden by age and region. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify the secular trend in breast cancer burden rates. Results From 1990 to 2019, globally, both breast cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to LPA nearly doubled, although the corresponding ASMR and ASDR decreased slightly, with EAPC of -0.46 (95% confidence interval: -0.52, -0.40) and -0.44 (95% confidence interval: -0.49, -0.39), respectively. The LPA-related breast cancer burden varied considerably across the world, with the highest-burden rates in Oceania, Tropical Latin America and Caribbean, and the fastest growth in North Africa and Middle East. The ASMR and ASDR showed a logarithmic association with the Socio-demographic Index, and a temporally upward trend in most of 204 countries regardless of the Socio-demographic Index or the ASMR in 1990. Conclusions Despite a decline in LPA-related breast cancer burden achieved in many countries during the last 3 decades like Bermuda, Myanmar, USA and China, an increase still occurred in most of 204 countries and territories, such as Solomon Islands, Equatorial Guinea, Japan and India. The findings can bring greater awareness to the importance of promoting physical activity for the local government to control the attributable breast cancer burden. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01283-3.
Collapse
|
221
|
|
222
|
Impact of Diet and Exercise on Colorectal Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:471-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
223
|
Gilbert A, Beck A, Serrano N, Brownson RC. Objective Measures of Physical Activity in Rural Communities: Factors Associated With a Valid Wear and Lessons Learned. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:267-274. [PMID: 35272263 PMCID: PMC9864196 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with urban/suburban counterparts, rural communities experience lower rates of physical activity (PA) and higher rates of chronic disease. Promoting PA is important for disease prevention but requires reliable and valid measurement of PA. However, little is known about effectively collecting objective PA data in rural communities. Using data from a cluster randomized trial (Heartland Moves), which aims to increase PA in rural Missouri, this study explored factors associated with successful objective PA data collection and presents lessons learned. METHODS Baseline survey and accelerometry data were collected through Heartland Moves (n = 368) from August 2019 to February 2021, in southeast Missouri. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to explore factors (demographics, subjective PA, and SMS reminders) associated with valid wear of PA devices. RESULTS Overall, 77% had valid wears. Participants who were not married (odds ratio [OR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.79) and those living alone (OR 0.49, 95% CI, 0.30-0.81) were less likely to have valid wears. Participants who met PA guidelines (OR 1.69, 95% CI, 1.03-2.75) or received SMS reminders (OR 3.25; 95% CI, 1.97-5.38) were more likely to have valid wears. CONCLUSIONS Results are supported by lessons learned, including importance of communication (SMS reminders), accessing hard-to-reach groups (living alone), and need to adapt during data collection.
Collapse
|
224
|
Role of Obesity, Physical Exercise, Adipose Tissue-Skeletal Muscle Crosstalk and Molecular Advances in Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073942. [PMID: 35409299 PMCID: PMC8999972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both obesity and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) rates have increased sharply in the United States and Western Europe in recent years. EAC is a classic example of obesity-related cancer where the risk of EAC increases with increasing body mass index. Pathologically altered visceral fat in obesity appears to play a key role in this process. Visceral obesity may promote EAC by directly affecting gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus (BE), as well as a less reflux-dependent effect, including the release of pro-inflammatory adipokines and insulin resistance. Deregulation of adipokine production, such as the shift to an increased amount of leptin relative to “protective” adiponectin, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of BE and EAC. This review discusses not only the epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity in BE and EAC, but also molecular alterations at the level of mRNA and proteins associated with these esophageal pathologies and the potential role of adipokines and myokines in these disorders. Particular attention is given to discussing the possible crosstalk of adipokines and myokines during exercise. It is concluded that lifestyle interventions to increase regular physical activity could be helpful as a promising strategy for preventing the development of BE and EAC.
Collapse
|
225
|
Exercise suppresses tumor growth independent of high fat food intake and associated immune dysfunction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5476. [PMID: 35361802 PMCID: PMC8971502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that exercise training protects from cancer independent of BMI. Here, we aimed to elucidate mechanisms involved in voluntary wheel running-dependent control of tumor growth across chow and high-fat diets. Access to running wheels decreased tumor growth in B16F10 tumor-bearing on chow (− 50%) or high-fat diets (− 75%, p < 0.001), however, tumor growth was augmented in high-fat fed mice (+ 53%, p < 0.001). Tumor growth correlated with serum glucose (p < 0.01), leptin (p < 0.01), and ghrelin levels (p < 0.01), but not with serum insulin levels. Voluntary wheel running increased immune recognition of tumors as determined by microarray analysis and gene expression analysis of markers of macrophages, NK and T cells, but the induction of markers of macrophages and NK cells was attenuated with high-fat feeding. Moreover, we found that the regulator of innate immunity, ZBP1, was induced by wheel running, attenuated by high-fat feeding and associated with innate immune recognition in the B16F10 tumors. We observed no effects of ZBP1 on cell cycle arrest, or exercise-regulated necrosis in the tumors of running mice. Taken together, our data support epidemiological findings showing that exercise suppresses tumor growth independent of BMI, however, our data suggest that high-fat feeding attenuates exercise-mediated immune recognition of tumors.
Collapse
|
226
|
Jia T, Liu Y, Fan Y, Wang L, Jiang E. Association of Healthy Diet and Physical Activity With Breast Cancer: Lifestyle Interventions and Oncology Education. Front Public Health 2022; 10:797794. [PMID: 35400043 PMCID: PMC8984028 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.797794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cancer statistics suggest that breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer in women, with an estimated 2. 3 million new cases reported in 2020. Observational evidence shows a clear link between prevention and development of invasive BC and lifestyle-based interventions such as a healthy diet and physical activity. The recent findings reveal that even minimal amounts of daily exercise and a healthy diet reduced the risk of BC, mitigated the side effects of cancer treatment, and stopped the recurrence of cancer in the survivors. Despite the myriad benefits, the implementation of these lifestyle interventions in at-risk and survivor populations has been limited to date. Given the need to disseminate information about the role of physical activity and nutrition in BC reduction, the review aimed to present the recent scientific outreach and update on associations between the lifestyle interventions and BC outcomes to narrow the gap and strengthen the understanding more clearly. This review covers more direct, detailed, and updated scientific literature to respond to frequently asked questions related to the daily lifestyle-based interventions and their impact on BC risk and survivors. This review also highlights the importance of the oncology provider's job and how oncology education can reduce the BC burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Jia
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lintao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Enshe Jiang
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Leitner BP, Siebel S, Akingbesote ND, Zhang X, Perry RJ. Insulin and cancer: a tangled web. Biochem J 2022; 479:583-607. [PMID: 35244142 PMCID: PMC9022985 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For a century, since the pioneering work of Otto Warburg, the interwoven relationship between metabolism and cancer has been appreciated. More recently, with obesity rates rising in the U.S. and worldwide, epidemiologic evidence has supported a link between obesity and cancer. A substantial body of work seeks to mechanistically unpack the association between obesity, altered metabolism, and cancer. Without question, these relationships are multifactorial and cannot be distilled to a single obesity- and metabolism-altering hormone, substrate, or factor. However, it is important to understand the hormone-specific associations between metabolism and cancer. Here, we review the links between obesity, metabolic dysregulation, insulin, and cancer, with an emphasis on current investigational metabolic adjuncts to standard-of-care cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooks P. Leitner
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Stephan Siebel
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Ngozi D. Akingbesote
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Rachel J. Perry
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Haucke M, Heinz A, Liu S, Heinzel S. The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Daily Activities, Cognitions, and Stress in a Lonely and Distressed Population: Temporal Dynamic Network Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e32598. [PMID: 35191843 PMCID: PMC8972118 DOI: 10.2196/32598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdown measures impacted mental health worldwide. However, the temporal dynamics of causal factors that modulate mental health during lockdown are not well understood. Objective We aimed to understand how a COVID-19 lockdown changes the temporal dynamics of loneliness and other factors affecting mental health. This is the first study that compares network characteristics between lockdown stages to prioritize mental health intervention targets. Methods We combined ecological momentary assessments with wrist-worn motion tracking to investigate the mechanism and changes in network centrality of symptoms and behaviors before and during lockdown. A total of 258 participants who reported at least mild loneliness and distress were assessed 8 times a day for 7 consecutive days over a 213-day period from August 8, 2020, through March 9, 2021, in Germany, covering a “no-lockdown” and a “lockdown” stage. COVID-19–related worry, information-seeking, perceived restriction, and loneliness were assessed by digital visual analog scales ranging from 0 to 100. Social activity was assessed on a 7-point Likert scale, while physical activity was recorded from wrist-worn actigraphy devices. Results We built a multilevel vector autoregressive model to estimate dynamic networks. To compare network characteristics between a no-lockdown stage and a lockdown stage, we performed permutation tests. During lockdown, loneliness had the highest impact within the network, as indicated by its centrality index (ie, an index to identify variables that have a strong influence on the other variables). Moreover, during lockdown, the centrality of loneliness significantly increased. Physical activity contributed to a decrease in loneliness amid the lockdown stage. Conclusions The COVID-19 lockdown increased the central role of loneliness in triggering stress-related behaviors and cognition. Our study indicates that loneliness should be prioritized in mental health interventions during lockdown. Moreover, physical activity can serve as a buffer for loneliness amid social restrictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Haucke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Kesting S, Weeber P, Schönfelder M, Pfluger A, Wackerhage H, von Luettichau I. A Bout of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in Children and Adolescents during Acute Cancer Treatment-A Pilot Feasibility Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061468. [PMID: 35326619 PMCID: PMC8945900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Low- and moderate-intensity exercise is safe and feasible during childhood cancer treatment. The feasibility of a bout of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in this population has not been analyzed to date. Pediatric cancer patients aged between 6 and 18 years were selected based on clinical conditions to perform ten sets of 15 s HIIT (>90% of estimated maximal heart rate (HRmax)) and 1 min active recovery on a bicycle ergometer within the first three chemotherapy courses. We assessed safety and feasibility criteria and the following parameters: perceived exertion rate, heart rate, and lactate and adrenaline concentrations. Out of 212 eligible patients, 11 patients aged 13.9 ± 3.6 years (n = 7 ♂) with lymphoma, leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma, nephroblastoma, and synovial sarcoma completed the bout of HIIT without serious adverse events. During exercise, patients reached a BORG value maxima of 16 ± 1.2, and their heart rates rose from 78 ± 17 beats per minute (bpm) at rest to 178 ± 12 bpm after exercise (90 ± 6% estimated HRmax). The power-to-weight ratio was 2 ± 0.5 W/kg (watt per kilogram). Blood lactate concentrations increased from 1.09 ± 0.50 mmol/L (millimole per liter) at rest to 5.05 ± 1.88 mmol/L post-exercise. Our preliminary data suggest that HIIT is applicable only in a small number of childhood cancer patients. Individually adapted exercise protocols for patients with multiple impairments are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kesting
- Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Cancer Research Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (P.W.); (I.v.L.)
- Chair of Preventive Pediatrics, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
- Pediatric Oncology Network Bavaria, KIONET Bavaria, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-3068-7411
| | - Peter Weeber
- Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Cancer Research Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (P.W.); (I.v.L.)
- Exercise Biology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany; (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Martin Schönfelder
- Exercise Biology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany; (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Anja Pfluger
- Exercise Biology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany; (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Pediatric Oncology Network Bavaria, KIONET Bavaria, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Irene von Luettichau
- Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Cancer Research Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (P.W.); (I.v.L.)
- Pediatric Oncology Network Bavaria, KIONET Bavaria, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Ficarra S, Thomas E, Bianco A, Gentile A, Thaller P, Grassadonio F, Papakonstantinou S, Schulz T, Olson N, Martin A, Wagner C, Nordström A, Hofmann H. Impact of exercise interventions on physical fitness in breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review. Breast Cancer 2022; 29:402-418. [PMID: 35278203 PMCID: PMC9021138 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background This systematic review aims to identify the effects of exercise interventions in patients with breast cancer (BCP) and survivors (BCS) on selected variables of physical fitness. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Medline and Scopus. Randomized controlled trials with isolated exercise interventions in BCP and BCS women (< 5 years from therapy completion) were included. The risk of bias (RoB) assessment was conducted using the Cochrane RoB-2-tool. Variables regarding cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), strength (ST), fatigue (F) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were discussed. Results Of the 336 studies initially identified, 22 met all the inclusion criteria and were deemed eligible. RoB assessment indicated that the studies had predominantly “some concerns” or had “low RoB”, with only 3 studies presenting a “high RoB”. The mean duration and frequency of exercise interventions were 19 weeks and 3 sessions/week, performed at moderate intensity (65% VO2max and 66% 1RM, for aerobic and resistance-training interventions, respectively). Conclusions Exercise interventions seem to be a valuable strategy in BCP to avoid the decline of CRF, ST, F and HRQoL. Conversely, improved physical function among BCS is observed for the same variables. Resistance training and combined interventions seem to provide the most encouraging variations of the selected outcomes. PROSPERO registration ID CRD42021237917. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12282-022-01347-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Ficarra
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ambra Gentile
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Petra Thaller
- OAC-Outdoor Against Cancer, Europe-Wide Outdoor Sport and Exercise Network for Cancer Prevention, Prinzregentenstrasse 97, 81677, Munich, Germany
| | - Fulvio Grassadonio
- International Centre for the Promotion of Education and Development (CEIPES), Via Francesco Maria Alias 20, 90145, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sofia Papakonstantinou
- Creative Thinking Development (CreThiDev), Solonos 8 & Empedokleus, 19009, Ntrafi Rafinas, Attiki, Greece
| | - Thorsten Schulz
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, D-80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Olson
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, D-80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Martin
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Uptown Munich-Campus D Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, D-80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wagner
- Naturfreunde, Bundesorganisation, Viktoriagasse 6, 1150, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Nordström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå School of Sport Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hande Hofmann
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, D-80992, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Holmen Olofsson G, Mikkelsen MK, Ragle AM, Christiansen AB, Olsen AP, Heide-Ottosen L, Horsted CB, Pedersen CMS, Engell-Noerregaard L, Lorentzen T, Persson GF, Vinther A, Nielsen DL, thor Straten P. High Intensity Aerobic exercise training and Immune cell Mobilization in patients with lung cancer (HI AIM)—a randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:246. [PMID: 35247994 PMCID: PMC8897734 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing role of exercise training in cancer care is built on evidence that exercise can reduce side effects of treatment, improve physical functioning and quality of life. We and others have shown in mouse tumor models, that exercise leads to an adrenalin-mediated increased influx of T and NK cells into the tumor, altering the tumor microenvironment (TME) and leading to reduced tumor growth. These data suggest that exercise could improve immune responses against cancer cells by increase immune cell infiltration to the tumor and potentially having an impact on disease progression. Additionally, there are data to suggest that infiltration of T and NK cells into the TME is correlates with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients. We have therefore initiated the clinical trial HI AIM, to investigate if high intensity exercise can mobilize and increase infiltration of immune cells in the TME in patients with lung cancer. Methods HI AIM (NCT04263467) is a randomized controlled trial (70 patients, 1:1) for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Patients in the treatment arm, receive an exercise-intervention consisting of supervised and group-based exercise training, comprising primarily intermediate to high intensity interval training three times per week over 6 weeks. All patients will also receive standard oncological treatments; checkpoint inhibitors, checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy or oncological surveillance. Blood samples and biopsies (ultrasound guided), harvested before, during and after the 6-week training program, will form basis for immunological measurements of an array of immune cells and markers. Primary outcome is circulating NK cells. Secondary outcome is other circulating immune cells, infiltration of immune cells in tumor, inflammatory markers, aerobic capacity measured by VO2 max test, physical activity levels and quality of life measured by questionnaires, and clinical outcomes. Discussion To our knowledge, HI AIM is the first project to combine supervised and monitored exercise in patients with lung cancer, with rigorous analyses of immune and cancer cell markers over the course of the trial. Data from the trial can potentially support exercise as a tool to mobilize cells of the immune system, which in turn could potentiate the effect of immunotherapy. Trial registration The study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on February 10th 2020, ID: NCT04263467. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04263467
Collapse
|
232
|
Zhou L, Zhang Z, Nice E, Huang C, Zhang W, Tang Y. Circadian rhythms and cancers: the intrinsic links and therapeutic potentials. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:21. [PMID: 35246220 PMCID: PMC8896306 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is an evolutionarily conserved time-keeping system that comprises a wide variety of processes including sleep-wake cycles, eating-fasting cycles, and activity-rest cycles, coordinating the behavior and physiology of all organs for whole-body homeostasis. Acute disruption of circadian rhythm may lead to transient discomfort, whereas long-term irregular circadian rhythm will result in the dysfunction of the organism, therefore increasing the risks of numerous diseases especially cancers. Indeed, both epidemiological and experimental evidence has demonstrated the intrinsic link between dysregulated circadian rhythm and cancer. Accordingly, a rapidly increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms is opening new options for cancer therapy, possibly by modulating the circadian clock. In this review, we first describe the general regulators of circadian rhythms and their functions on cancer. In addition, we provide insights into the mechanisms underlying how several types of disruption of the circadian rhythm (including sleep-wake, eating-fasting, and activity-rest) can drive cancer progression, which may expand our understanding of cancer development from the clock perspective. Moreover, we also summarize the potential applications of modulating circadian rhythms for cancer treatment, which may provide an optional therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture and Chronobiology Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Guan Y, Yan Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise and Healthspan. Cells 2022; 11:872. [PMID: 35269492 PMCID: PMC8909156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthspan is the period of our life without major debilitating diseases. In the modern world where unhealthy lifestyle choices and chronic diseases taper the healthspan, which lead to an enormous economic burden, finding ways to promote healthspan becomes a pressing goal of the scientific community. Exercise, one of humanity's most ancient and effective lifestyle interventions, appears to be at the center of the solution since it can both treat and prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Here, we will review the current evidence and opinions about regular exercise promoting healthspan through enhancing the functionality of our organ systems and preventing diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Laube W. Die Muskulatur – das „signalstoffgestützte periphere Zentrum“ adaptiver Wirkungen. MANUELLE MEDIZIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00337-022-00868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
235
|
Henning A, J Downs N, Vanos JK. Wearable ultraviolet radiation sensors for research and personal use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:627-640. [PMID: 34743221 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancers are strongly linked to personal exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, yet UV exposure is also the most preventable risk factor. People are exposed to UV rays when they engage in outdoor activities, particularly exercise, which is an important health behavior. Thus, researchers and the general public have shown increasing interest in measuring UV exposure using wearable sensors during outdoor physical activity. However, minimal research exists at the intersection of UV sensors, personal exposure, adaptive behavior due to exposures, and risk of skin damage. Recent years have seen an influx of new consumer-based and research-based UV-sensing technologies with wide-ranging form factors and purposes to fill this research gap, yet a thorough review of available sensors for specific purposes does not exist. Hence, the overall goal of this state-of-the-art review is to synthesize the current academic and gray literature surrounding personal UV-sensing technologies. Peer-reviewed journal articles and "gray literature," such as working papers, manuals, and UV sensor websites, were reviewed, assessing attributes of UV wearables marketed for research use, personal use, or both. Overall, 13 wearable UV sensors are available for personal use and/or research applications. These sensors vary from electronic to photochromic, with large differences in price, data outputs, accuracy, and precision. Recommendations are provided for which sensors are most suitable for various types of research or public use. Notably, the review findings will help guide researchers in future studies assessing UV exposure during physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Henning
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nathan J Downs
- School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia
| | - Jennifer K Vanos
- School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia.
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, 800 Cady Mall #108, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Li J, Liu L, Cheng Y, Xie Q, Wu M, Chen X, Li Z, Chen H, Peng J, Shen A. Swimming attenuates tumor growth in CT-26 tumor-bearing mice and suppresses angiogenesis by mediating the HIF-1α/VEGFA pathway. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:121-130. [PMID: 35291563 PMCID: PMC8886589 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low physical activity correlates with increased cancer risk in various cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the ways in which swimming can benefit CRC remain largely unknown. In this study, mice bearing tumors derived from CT-26 cells were randomly divided into the control and swimming groups. Mice in the swimming group were subjected to physical training (swimming) for 3 weeks. Compared with the control group, swimming clearly attenuated tumor volume and tumor weight in CT-26 tumor-bearing mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified 715 upregulated and 629 downregulated transcripts (including VEGFA) in tumor tissues of mice in the swimming group. KEGG pathway analysis based on differentially expressed transcripts identified multiple enriched signaling pathways, including angiogenesis, hypoxia, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. Consistently, IHC analysis revealed that swimming significantly downregulated CD31, HIF-1α, VEGFA, and VEGFR2 protein expression in tumor tissues. In conclusion, swimming significantly attenuates tumor growth in CT-26 tumor-bearing mice by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis via the suppression of the HIF-1α/VEGFA pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Li
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Liya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Meizhu Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Zuanfang Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Haichun Chen
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou , Fujian 350007 , China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine and Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1 Qiuyang, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , China
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Orange ST, Jordan AR, Odell A, Kavanagh O, Hicks KM, Eaglen T, Todryk S, Saxton JM. Acute aerobic exercise-conditioned serum reduces colon cancer cell proliferation through IL-6-induced regulation of DNA damage in vitro. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:265-274. [PMID: 35213038 PMCID: PMC9314683 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence shows that regular physical activity is associated with reduced risk of primary and recurrent colon cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of action are poorly understood. We evaluated the effects of stimulating a human colon cancer cell line (LoVo) with human serum collected before and after an acute exercise bout vs non-exercise control serum on cancer cell proliferation. We also measured exercise-induced changes in serum cytokines and intracellular protein expression to explore potential biological mechanisms. Blood samples were collected from 16 men with lifestyle risk factors for colon cancer (age ≥ 50 years; body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 ; physically inactive) before and immediately after an acute bout of moderate-intensity aerobic interval exercise (6 x 5 min intervals at 60% heart rate reserve) and a non-exercise control condition. Stimulating LoVo cells with serum obtained immediately after exercise reduced cancer cell proliferation compared with control (-5.7%; P = 0.002). This was accompanied by a decrease in LoVo cell γ-H2AX expression (-24.6%; P = 0.029), indicating a reduction in DNA damage. Acute exercise also increased serum IL-6 (24.6%, P = 0.002). Furthermore, stimulating LoVo cells with recombinant IL-6 reduced γ-H2AX expression (β = -22.7%; P < 0.001) and cell proliferation (β = -5.3%; P < 0.001) in a linear dose-dependent manner, mimicking the effect of exercise. These findings suggest that the systemic responses to acute aerobic exercise inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation in vitro, and this may be driven by IL-6-induced regulation of DNA damage and repair. This mechanism of action may partly underlie epidemiological associations linking regular physical activity with reduced colon cancer risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Orange
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alistair R Jordan
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, UK
| | - Adam Odell
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, UK
| | - Owen Kavanagh
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, UK
| | - Kirsty M Hicks
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tristan Eaglen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen Todryk
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John M Saxton
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, UK
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Liu Z, Wang J. Associations of perceived role of exercise in cancer prevention with physical activity and sedentary behavior in older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 44:199-205. [PMID: 35219174 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the perceived importance of exercise in cancer prevention was related to physical activity and sedentary behavior in older adults, who are the most vulnerable to cancer and the least active among all age groups. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 1,308 respondents (≥ 50 years) from the cycle 2 of the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). 70.23% of older adults acknowledged the protective role of exercise in cancer prevention. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the perceived role of exercise in cancer prevention was significantly and positively associated with physical activity (Odds Ratio = 1.58, p = .013), while multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the perceived role of exercise in cancer prevention was significantly and negatively associated with sedentary behavior (p < .001) in older adults. Findings from this study can guide efforts to develop interventions that could promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Liu
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, 411 S. Nedderman Drive Box 19407, Arlington, TX 76019, United States.
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, 411 S. Nedderman Drive Box 19407, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Basiri Z, Yang Y, Bruinsma FJ, Nowak AK, McDonald KL, Drummond KJ, Rosenthal MA, Koh ES, Harrup R, Hovey E, Joseph D, Benke G, Leonard R, MacInnis RJ, Milne RL, Giles GG, Vajdic CM, Lynch BM. Physical activity and glioma: a case-control study with follow-up for survival. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:749-757. [PMID: 35184245 PMCID: PMC9010385 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01559-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade disease accounts for ~ 70% of all glioma, and has a high mortality rate. Few modifiable exposures are known to be related to glioma risk or mortality. METHODS We examined associations between lifetime physical activity and physical activity at different ages (15-18 years, 19-29 years, 30-39 years, last 10 years) with the risk of glioma diagnosis, using data from a hospital-based family case-control study (495 cases; 371 controls). We followed up cases over a median of 25 months to examine whether physical activity was associated with all-cause mortality. Physical activity and potential confounders were assessed by self-administered questionnaire. We examined associations between physical activity (metabolic equivalent [MET]-h/wk) and glioma risk using unconditional logistic regression and with all-cause mortality in cases using Cox regression. RESULTS We noted a reduced risk of glioma for the highest (≥ 47 MET-h/wk) versus lowest (< 24 METh/wk) category of physical activity for lifetime activity (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.38-0.89) and at 15-18 years (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39-0.83). We did not observe any association between physical activity and all-cause mortality (HR for lifetime physical activity = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.64-1.29). CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with previous research that suggested physical activity during adolescence might be protective against glioma. Engaging in physical activity during adolescence has many health benefits; this health behavior may also offer protection against glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Basiri
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yi Yang
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Fiona J Bruinsma
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- Medical School, QEII Medical Centre Unit, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kerrie L McDonald
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Eng-Siew Koh
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosemary Harrup
- Royal Hobart Hospital, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Hovey
- Department Medical Oncology Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Joseph
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Geza Benke
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn Leonard
- Brain Cancer Biobanking Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire M Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Pérez Regalado S, León J, Feriche B. Therapeutic approach for digestive system cancers and potential implications of exercise under hypoxia condition: what little is known? a narrative review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1107-1121. [PMID: 35157120 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, like other chronic pathologies, is associated with the presence of hypoxic regions due to the uncontrolled cell growth. Under this pathological hypoxic condition, various molecular signaling pathways are activated to ensure cell survival, such as those that govern angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, among others. These molecular processes are very similar to the physiological response caused by exposure to altitude (natural hypobaric systemic hypoxia), the use of artificial hypoxia devices (systemic normobaric simulated hypoxia) or the delivery of vascular occlusion to the extremities (also called local hypoxia by the blood flow restriction technique). "Tumor hypoxia" has gained further clinical importance due to its crucial role in both tumor progression and resistance to treatment. However, the ability to manipulate this pathway through physical exercise and systemic hypoxia-mediated signaling pathways could offer an important range of therapeutic opportunities that should be further investigated. METHODS This review is focused on the potential implications of systemic hypoxia combined with exercise in digestive system neoplasms prognosis. Articles included in the review were retrieved by searching among the three main scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. FINDINGS The findings of this review suggest that exercise performed under systemic hypoxic conditions could have a positive impact in prognosis and quality of life of the population with digestive system cancers. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to consider this paradigm as a new potential intervention in digestive oncological population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pérez Regalado
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa León
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive System, San Cecilio Hospital, Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - Belén Feriche
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Evidence of Better Autonomic, Metabolic and Psychological Profile in Breast Cancer Survivors Meeting Current Physical Activity Recommendations: An Observational Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020273. [PMID: 35207761 PMCID: PMC8876012 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased cardiometabolic risk observed in breast cancer survivors (BCS) is due to multiple mechanisms: Hormonal and immunological dysfunction are well-identified ones, while cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) is less recognized but may play a new complementary role particularly relevant when considering conditions and behaviors associated with a better prognosis in BCS, such as physical training. This observational study investigated a group of consecutive (172) BCS subdivided in two groups: those who reached the physical activity goals above 600 (MET·min/week) and those who did not. We assessed CAR by autoregressive spectral analysis of cardiovascular variabilities (considering in particular the unitary autonomic nervous system index—ANSI), body mass composition, stress perception and lifestyle in order to verify possible differences due to execution of physical activity. Subjects who spontaneously met physical activity recommendations presented a better autonomic, metabolic and psychological profile compared to those who did not. Lower physical activity volume, poor metabolic parameters, increased stress and fatigue perception may cluster together, leading to worsened CAR. This control mechanism may play a complementary role in determining the increased cardiometabolic risk observed in BCS. Furthermore, it may also explain, albeit in part, the better prognosis observed in patients following interventions aiming to improve the sympathetic–parasympathetic balance, such as physical training, using a personalized medicine approach.
Collapse
|
242
|
Adams MA, Todd M, Angadi SS, Hurley JC, Stecher C, Berardi V, Phillips CB, McEntee ML, Hovell MF, Hooker SP. Adaptive Goals and Reinforcement Timing to Increase Physical Activity in Adults: A Factorial Randomized Trial. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:e57-e68. [PMID: 35000693 PMCID: PMC8820277 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potent lifestyle interventions to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are urgently needed for population-level chronic disease prevention. This trial tested the independent and joint effects of a mobile health system automating adaptive goal setting and immediate financial reinforcement for increasing daily walking among insufficiently active adults. STUDY DESIGN Participants were randomized into a 2 (adaptive versus static goal setting) X 2 (immediate versus delayed financial incentive timing) condition factorial trial to increase walking. SETTINGS/PARTICIPANTS Participants (N=512 adults) were recruited between 2016 and 2018 and were 64.5% female, aged 18-60 years, 18.8% Hispanic, 6.1% African American, and 83% White. INTERVENTION Principles of reinforcement and behavioral economics directed intervention design. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants wore accelerometers daily (133,876 day-level observations) that remotely measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity bout minutes of ≥3 minutes/day for 1 year. Primary outcomes were between-condition differences in (1) engaging ≥1 bout of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on each day and (2) on days with ≥1 bout, daily total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity minutes. RESULTS Mixed-effects hurdle models tested treatment group X phase (time) interactions using an intent-to-treat approach in 2021. Engaging in any ambulatory moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was greater for Adaptive than for Static Goal groups (OR=2.34, 95% CI=2.10, 2.60 vs OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.50, 1.84; p<0.001) and for Immediate than for Static Reinforcement groups (OR=2.16 95% CI=1.94, 2.40 vs OR=1.77, 95% CI=1.59, 1.97; p<0.01). The Immediate Reinforcement group increased by 16.54 moderate-to-vigorous physical activity minutes/day, whereas the Delayed Reinforcement group increased by 9.91 minutes/day (p<0.001). The combined Adaptive Goals + Immediate Reinforcement group increased by 16.52 moderate-to-vigorous physical activity minutes/day, significantly more than that of either Delayed Reinforcement group. CONCLUSIONS This study offers automated and scalable-behavior change strategies for increasing walking among adults most at-risk for chronic diseases attributed to sedentary lifestyles. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02717663).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Adams
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.
| | - Michael Todd
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Siddhartha S Angadi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jane C Hurley
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Chad Stecher
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Vincent Berardi
- Department of Psychology, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, California
| | | | - Mindy L McEntee
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Melbourne F Hovell
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Steven P Hooker
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Du XL, Song L. Breast cancer incidence trends in Asian women aged 20 or older as compared to other ethnic women in the United States from 2000 to 2018 by time period, age and tumor stage. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 76:102076. [PMID: 34861613 PMCID: PMC8817625 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After new cancer data are released in April 2021, it is important to update the incidence trend in breast cancer from 2000 to 2018 and focus on ethnic disparities in the risk of developing breast cancer. METHODS We identified 1129,564 women who were diagnosed with incident breast cancer at age ≥ 20 in 2000-2018 from 18 SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) registries. We utilized the SEER*Stat software to calculate age-adjusted incidence rates. RESULTS Overall age-adjusted incidence rate of breast cancer was the highest in non-Hispanic white (NHW) women (190.4 cases per 100,000 women), followed by NH-black (NHB) (178.4), Asian/Pacific-Islanders (API) (141.3), Hispanic (133.3) and American-Indians/Alaska-Native (AIAN) women (128.8). Annual percentage change (APC) from 2000 to 2018 showed that annual increase was statistically significant for API (APC: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8-1.3), NHB (APC: 0.5, 0.2-0.7), AIAN (1.6, 1.1-2.2), and Hispanic women (0.4, 0.2-0.7), but annual percentage of incidence did not significantly decrease for NHW (-0.1, -0.4 to -0.1). Incidence rates of hormone-receptor positive breast cancer increased from 2000 to 2018 in all ethnic women, while incidence rates of hormone-receptor negative breast cancer decreased. NHW and NHB women had a significantly higher risk of having breast cancer than API women. In 2012-2018, the risks of having local stage and distant stage breast cancer for NHW (1.31, 1.29-1.33 and 1.19, 1.16-1.21) and NHB (1.09, 1.07-1.11 and 1.31, 1.28-1.35) women were significantly higher than that of API women. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of hormone-receptor positive breast cancer increased in all ethnic women from 2000 to 2018 while the incidence of hormone-receptor negative breast cancer decreased. There were still substantial racial disparities in breast cancer incidences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin L Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Koelwyn GJ, Aboumsallem JP, Moore KJ, de Boer RA. Reverse cardio-oncology: Exploring the effects of cardiovascular disease on cancer pathogenesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 163:1-8. [PMID: 34582824 PMCID: PMC8816816 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The field of cardio-oncology has emerged in response to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with cancer. However, recent studies suggest a more complicated CVD-cancer relationship, wherein development of CVD, either prior to or following a cancer diagnosis, can also lead to increased risk of cancer and worse outcomes for patients. In this review, we describe the current evidence base, across epidemiological as well as preclinical studies, which supports the emerging concept of 'reverse-cardio oncology', or CVD-induced acceleration of cancer pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J. Koelwyn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver Canada
| | - Joseph Pierre Aboumsallem
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn J. Moore
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding authors: Rudolf A de Boer, MD, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, AB 31, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 50 3612355, , Kathryn J. Moore, PhD, New York University Langone Health, 435 East 30th Street, Science Bldg 706, New York, NY, 10016, Tel: 212-263-9259,
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Corresponding authors: Rudolf A de Boer, MD, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, AB 31, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 50 3612355, , Kathryn J. Moore, PhD, New York University Langone Health, 435 East 30th Street, Science Bldg 706, New York, NY, 10016, Tel: 212-263-9259,
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Cortiula F, Hendriks LEL, van de Worp WRPH, Schols AMWJ, Vaes RDW, Langen RCJ, De Ruysscher D. Physical exercise at the crossroad between muscle wasting and the immune system: implications for lung cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:55-67. [PMID: 35014216 PMCID: PMC8818640 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a syndrome characterized by involuntary weight loss and wasting of skeletal muscle mass. It is associated with worse overall survival and quality of life. The cancer-induced systemic inflammation and the consequent host derived catabolic stimuli, trigger cachexia by inhibiting muscle protein synthesis and enhancing muscle catabolism. The muscle itself may further promote chronic inflammation, introducing a vicious catabolic circle. Nutritional support alone plays a limited role in the treatment of cancer cachexia and should be combined with other interventions. Physical exercise lowers systemic inflammation and promotes muscle anabolism. It also attenuates the age-related physical decline in elderly and it might counteract the muscle wasting induced by the cancer cachexia syndrome. This review describes how cancer-induced systemic inflammation promotes muscle wasting and whether physical exercise may represent a suitable treatment for cancer-induced cachexia, particularly in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. We summarized pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating whether physical exercise would improve muscle performance and whether this improvement would translate in a clinically meaningful benefit for patients with cancer, in terms of survival and quality of life. Moreover, this review describes the results of studies investigating the interplay between physical exercise and the immune system, including the role of the intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cortiula
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Lizza E L Hendriks
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter R P H van de Worp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne D W Vaes
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon C J Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Chetoui A, Kaoutar K, El Kardoudi A, Boutahar K, Elmoussaoui S, Chigr F, Najimi M. Physical activity and sedentary time levels among Moroccan type 2 diabetes patients. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-211504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines and decreasing sedentary time (SED-time) are cornerstones in the management of diabetes. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the level of PA, SED-time, and related factors among Moroccan diabetes patients. METHODS: From February to June 2019, 1143 patients with type 2 diabetes took part in a cross-sectional survey. PA and SED-time were assessed through a face-to-face interview using International PA Questionnaire. RESULTS: The PA recommendations were achieved by 77.7% of participants and they were significantly higher in males using oral antidiabetic alone, in normal and overweight participants, and in those with duration less than 7 years. While in females, this level was significantly higher only in participants with a family history of diabetes. The mean SED-time was high (35.66±16.88 hours/week) and increased with age, BMI, duration of diabetes, among widowers and divorced, illiterate and among those with low level of PA. CONCLUSIONS: The PA level and SED-time were high. Furthermore, participants with high SED-time have low levels of PA, which represents a combined risk of sitting and inactivity in this subgroup. As a result, patients should be encouraged to participate regularly in PA and also to minimize their SED-time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Chetoui
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Biological Engineering Laboratory, Mghilat, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Kamal Kaoutar
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Biological Engineering Laboratory, Mghilat, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Abdesslam El Kardoudi
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Biological Engineering Laboratory, Mghilat, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Kaltoum Boutahar
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Biological Engineering Laboratory, Mghilat, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Soufiane Elmoussaoui
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Biological Engineering Laboratory, Mghilat, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Fatiha Chigr
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Biological Engineering Laboratory, Mghilat, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Najimi
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Biological Engineering Laboratory, Mghilat, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Pedersen M, Harris KJ, Brown B, Grant M, Kleinmeyer C, Glass A, Graham N, King DK. Physical Activity Intervention Adaptation: Recommendations from Rural American Indian Older Adults. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:1067-1077. [PMID: 35092521 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preventive interventions are critical to improving health equity among American Indian (AI) populations, yet interventions that promote physical activity (PA) among AI populations are scarce. This research addresses the research-to-practice gap by informing the adaption and implementation process of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) among rural AI older adults. We used a community-based approach and an Indigenous-focused adaptation theoretical framework. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews elicited detailed information on preferences for PA intervention among rural AI older adults. We applied a collaborative directed content analysis strategy, and established trustworthiness and relevance using an inter-rater reliability process and member checking. We conducted 21 interviews, all participants identified as AI, the mean age was 66 years (SD = 7.6), and 57% were female. Themes characterized contextual and cultural intervention considerations for adapting and implementing evidence-based PA interventions in rural AI older adults. Key findings included an emphasis on social and community interaction, strategies for targeted engagement, preference for group format, pairing PA sessions with shared meals, and inclusiveness in the PA intervention across ability levels and age groups. This study identified opportunities for adaptation of PA-focused EBIs among rural AI older adults. Findings can be applied to support the adaptation and implementation of effective and relevant PA-focused preventive interventions among this population which is at high risk for chronic disease and health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Pedersen
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
| | - Kari Jo Harris
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - Blakely Brown
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - Mattea Grant
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - Chelsea Kleinmeyer
- Community Health Division, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal Health Department, Saint Ignatius, Montana, USA
| | - Ashley Glass
- Community Health Division, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal Health Department, Saint Ignatius, Montana, USA
| | - Niki Graham
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - Diane K King
- Center for Behavioral Health Research and Services, Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, USA
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Photoprotection in Outdoor Sports: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations to Reduce Risk Among Athletes. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:329-343. [PMID: 35099755 PMCID: PMC8850489 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar exposure, for long hours and often at peak times with limited shade available, predisposes athletes to episodic sunburn and chronic damage, causing increased risk of precancerous lesions and skin cancer. Environmental factors and training intensity affect risk. Clothing provides good protection, but changing established “uniforms” may not be possible for reasons of practicality, safety, or simply custom. Although physical activity should be encouraged for its physical and mental benefits, risk of skin damage should be minimised. We review existing behaviours, skin cancer risk, and campaigns in the sporting population and highlight key recommendations to help sun protection practices become engrained in sports practice.
Collapse
|
249
|
Zhu C, Lian Z, Chen Y, Wang J. Physical Activity and Cancer Status Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese: A Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Study. Front Physiol 2022; 12:812290. [PMID: 35153818 PMCID: PMC8830231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.812290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relative contributions of demographic and lifestyle behaviors to the association between physical activity (PA) and cancer are poorly understood. This study assesses the relationship between PA level and cancer status considering the full activity spectrum within a large and representative Chinese population. Methods Data were derived from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (using four-stage stratified probability-proportional-to-size sampling), including 416 cancer survivors and 14,574 individuals without cancer from 28 provinces in China. Cancer status and sites were self-reported, and PA, other health behaviors (e.g., smoking, drinking) and comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes) were assessed by a questionnaire. The total PA score was calculated using metabolic equivalent (MET) multipliers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate differences in PA levels between cancer survivors and those without a cancer diagnosis, adjusting for age, sex, and other potential confounding factors. Results Cancer survivors (416, 2.8%) were more likely to be women than men (65.4 vs. 34.6%). They were older (age ≥65 years, 43.8 vs. 38.9%) and more likely to be overweight (18.3 vs. 13.3%), be depressed (49.5 vs. 37.6%), have quit smoking (17.8 vs. 14.4%), drink less (17.5 vs. 26.6%), sleep less (65.9 vs. 56.8%) and have more chronic comorbidities (≥2 comorbidities, 26.0 vs. 19.2%) than those without cancer. There was a significant associations between cancer status and participation in vigorous-intensity activity for at least 10 min every week, when compared with the inactivity [odds ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.39–0.80], while no differences were observed in the moderate and light activity groups. Individuals who spent more than half an hour performing moderate or vigorous intensity activity every day were significantly less likely to report a cancer diagnosis than inactive individuals (moderate OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.48–0.86; vigorous OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.37–0.68). Participants who spent more than 2 h performing light, moderate or vigorous intensity activity reported fewer cancer cases than their inactive counterparts. In addition, there was an inverse dose-response relationship between the total PA score and cancer status (P–trend < 0.001). Conclusion Associations between PA and cancer status were independent of demographics, lifestyle confounders, and comorbidities. Cancer survivors are less physically active than those without cancer.
Collapse
|
250
|
Association of Preoperative Physical Activity with Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Palliative Resection for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030489. [PMID: 35158757 PMCID: PMC8833797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Physical activity is linked to the risk and the prognosis of colorectal cancer. However, the impact of preoperative physical activity on postoperative short-term and long-term outcomes is limited. The aim of our study was to elucidate the relationship of preoperative physical activity and postoperative outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients who underwent palliative resection. After the inverse probability of the treatment weighting process, the metabolic equivalent of task < 12 group had a higher postoperative morbidity rate and mortality rate. No significant difference was found in overall survival. In patients undergoing palliative resection for metastatic colorectal cancer, preoperative leisure-time physical activity with the metabolic equivalent of task ≥ 12 was associated with reduced short-term postoperative morbidity and mortality; however, no difference was detected in long-term survival. Abstract A lack of physical activity is a generally accepted risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, research on the effect of preoperative physical activity on postoperative and long-term outcomes is limited, especially in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer who underwent palliative surgery. Patients who underwent bowel resection for stage IV primary colorectal cancer between January 1995 and December 2016 were retrospectively enrolled. A total of 2185 patients were divided into two groups according to preoperative leisure-time weekly physical activity as assessed by metabolic equivalent of task (MET) values: MET < 12 (n = 1845) and MET ≥ 12 (n = 340). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to reduce imbalance and selection biases between the two groups. After the IPTW process, the MET < 12 group showed a higher postoperative morbidity rate (18.7% vs. 10.6%; p < 0.001) and mortality rate (2.4% vs. 0.6%; p < 0.001) than the MET ≥ 12 group. No significant difference was found in overall survival. Weekly preoperative leisure-time physical activity with MET ≥ 12 was associated with reduced short-term postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing palliative resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. However, no difference was detected in long-term survival.
Collapse
|