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Rosi A, Biasini B, Donati M, Ricci C, Scazzina F. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Environmental Impact of the Diet on Primary School Children Living in Parma (Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176105. [PMID: 32825740 PMCID: PMC7503352 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The key role of diet in both human health and environmental sustainability is well known. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the environmental impact of children's dietary behavior. The aim of this observational study was to investigate the dietary environmental impact in a sample of primary school children living in Parma (Italy, n = 172, 8-10 years), in relation to their adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). Children completed a 3-day food record in both winter and spring. Dietary records were processed to obtain: (i) adherence to the MD and (ii) mean daily carbon and ecological footprints. Adherence to the MD was similar in winter and spring, with almost half of the participants showing a medium MD score. Carbon and ecological footprints were higher during winter, and the main dietary contributors were red and processed meat for both indexes. A small positive correlation was observed between adherence to the MD and total carbon and ecological footprints. This study provided the first analysis of the relationship between adherence to the MD and environmental impact of primary school children. Further research is needed to better investigate the environmental impact of primary school children's diet and the possible relationship between the MD and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rosi
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Beatrice Biasini
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Michele Donati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Cristian Ricci
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-906203
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202
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How to protect both health and food system sustainability? A holistic 'global health'-based approach via the 3V rule proposal. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:3028-3044. [PMID: 32758320 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002000227x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define a generic diet to protect human health and food system sustainability based on three dimensions: animal:plant ratio, degree of food processing and food diversity. DESIGN/SETTING The percentages of maximum animal and ultra-processed energy content were evaluated from scientific papers (Web of Science database) and reports from international scientific institutions. Then, a weekly French standard diet, including these percentages and food diversity (≥42 different foods), was designed to calculate adequacy to nutritional needs. RESULTS Based on traditional and scientifically based healthy diets, and on foresight scenarios for sustainable diets at horizon 2050, a median daily animal energy content intake of 15 % was found to be protective towards both human health and environment. Based on epidemiological studies associating ultra-processed energy consumption with increased overweight/obesity risk, a precautionary threshold of approximately 15 % ultra-processed energy content was observed. The French diet allows addressing all nutritional needs and other nutritional indicators such as maximum salt and simple sugar consumption, α-linolenic acid:linoleic acid ratio and essential amino acids. This diet was named the '3V rule' for Végétal (plant), Vrai (real) and Varié (varied, if possible organic, local and seasonal). This generic diet can be adapted according to regional traditions and environmental characteristics. Excluding only one dimension of it would threaten both health and food system sustainability. CONCLUSIONS Tending towards a 3V-based diet, while respecting local constraints, should allow preserving human health, environment (greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, deforestation, etc.), small farmers, animal welfare and biodiversity, culinary traditions and socioeconomics (including an alleviation of public health cost).
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203
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Bordewijk M, Schifferstein HNJ. The specifics of food design: Insights from professional design practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD DESIGN 2020. [DOI: 10.1386/ijfd_00001_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
What makes food design different from other types of industrial product design? Based on over twenty years of professional design practice and food experience research, the authors present a variety of insights ‐ clustered in five overarching themes ‐ that provide an invaluable view on the specifics of the food realm for practicing designers in this field. First of all, foods are based on materials that used to be alive, which makes them highly perishable. Before the widespread introduction of mass transportations systems, foods were usually produced and consumed in the same region. But food technologists continuously try to improve the ways to preserve foods and invest in packaging that protects them in order to increase shelf life and to make them more widely available, while consumers seem to demand more and more freshness. The second challenge is presented by the need to make the food system more sustainable, addressing agricultural production and its impact on biological diversity and the quality of the living environment and also focusing on the amount of waste generated in terms of food or its packaging material. Third, the food people eat is absorbed and transformed into the building blocks of their bodies. Food fulfils a basic human need, and thus, there is a challenge to provide people access to the right amount of safe and nutritious food, in order to keep them healthy. Fourth, food is a source of sensory stimulation that enriches people’s lives. This provides a new sensory spectrum to design for ‐ including flavour and mouthfeel ‐ and it challenges designers to trigger appetite, rather than aesthetics. The fifth challenge addresses preparation practices and the associated cultural differences. Because food stuffs can be prepared in multiple ways, many different products can be created, varying from raw to highly processed, and addressing multiple consumer needs, eating occasions and market segments. These five themes provide interesting challenges for designers that should be tackled in order to provide a healthy and sustainable future for the next generations on this planet.
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204
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Αntoniadou M, Varzakas T. Breaking the vicious circle of diet, malnutrition and oral health for the independent elderly. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3233-3255. [PMID: 32686465 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging impairs senses, mastication, oral status and function, causing nutritional needs and diet insufficiencies. The present needs of independent older adults suggest that health research and oral health care should shift from reductionist disease management to integral and personal treatment plans, including lifestyle, psychological, nutritional and oral health coaching approaches. Dentists and other medical professionals that work in the field of gerodontology should be educated on the macro and micronutrient needs of the elderly and incorporate certain nutritional plans early in the life of their patients with their approval and cooperation, in order to postpone tooth loss and masticatory impairment. Old recipes such as the Mediterranean diet should be kept as a base for all the elderly and be enriched in a customized interpersonal way from the dentist as well as the medical professional according to the specific needs of one's oral and general health status. In this nonsystematic review paper, the basic aspects of the vicious cycle of nutrition and oral health status are discussed and suggestions of major nutrients' influence and needs for independent elders are reported. Based on the scientific data collected, suggestions are made for the food industry for better quality and dosage of foods for this category of individuals. Such strategies can be a whole new area of interest for the food industry in order to obtain better quality of food packaging for the independent OA with accepted texture, odor, colors, macronutrients and micronutrients' consistency and in specific portions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Αntoniadou
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Dept. Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
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205
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Mieziene B, Emeljanovas A, Fatkulina N, Stukas R. Dietary Pattern and Its Correlates among Lithuanian Young Adults: Mediterranean Diet Approach. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2025. [PMID: 32650389 PMCID: PMC7400829 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A poor diet leads to serious health risks and accounts for a significant proportion of deaths. Young adults are the population whose health behaviors particularly need to be studied in terms of nutrition because they are in a period of life when the effects of nutrition accumulate to health outcomes that usually appear later in life in forms of disease or infirmity. The aim of this study is to examine the dietary pattern and its relationships with physical activity and covariates, such as body mass index, gender, age and education among Lithuanian young adults of 18-36 years old. A cross-sectional study was performed among Lithuanian young people aged 18-36 years. Snowball sampling-a non-probability, convenient sampling strategy-was used. In total, data were collected from 3031 study participants: 1723 (56.8%) were male and 1308 (43.2%) were female. The mean age was 23.72 ± 4.80 years. Adherence to a dietary pattern was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Physical activity, height, weight and education data were also gathered. About 7% of young people fully complied with the health-related Mediterranean diet, and one-third had poor compliance. Non-compliance is mostly related to the underconsumption of olive oil, nuts, fish, seafood, legumes and wine, as well as the overconsumption of red meat. The female gender (β = 0.26; p < 0.01), higher education (β = 0.30; p < 0.01) and a sufficient level of physical activity (β = 0.15; p < 0.01) predict a healthier diet. These study results should be considered by nutrition policymakers and public health authorities to improve policies and develop intervention plans for improving the nutrition habits of young adults in order to prevent health-damaging outcomes later in their life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mieziene
- Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.E.); (N.F.); (R.S.)
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206
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Rabkow N, Pukas L, Sapalidis A, Ehring E, Keuch L, Rehnisch C, Feußner O, Klima I, Watzke S. Facing the truth - A report on the mental health situation of German law students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2020; 71:101599. [PMID: 32768124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a serious and widespread mental illness that can occur among all ages and genders. This cross-sectional study investigates the previously disregarded state of mental health of German law students based on the Beck Depression Inventory-II. A sample consisting of N = 306 students was surveyed, showing an increased frequency of depressive symptoms. One-third of the participants reported having depression according to BDI-II scoring criteria. More specifically, in the whole sample there are 16.7% with mild, 11.1% with moderate, and 5.6% with severe depression. About 17.7% reported having suicidal thoughts in the last two weeks before the survey. Moreover, the study reports about the correlation between the BDI-II total score and certain risk factors, stress factors and resilience factors, which were assessed using self-report questionnaires and the NEO-FFI. The self-reported depressive symptoms were higher with every accumulation of risk or stress factors and lower with each accumulation of resilience factors. Finally, based on the test results, recommendations are offered to facilitate the burdened student's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Rabkow
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Julius-Kühn-Straße 7, 06112 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Lilith Pukas
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Julius-Kühn-Straße 7, 06112 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Sapalidis
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Julius-Kühn-Straße 7, 06112 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Emilia Ehring
- Institute of General Medicine, Medical Faculty Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Lea Keuch
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Julius-Kühn-Straße 7, 06112 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Carolin Rehnisch
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Julius-Kühn-Straße 7, 06112 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Oskar Feußner
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Julius-Kühn-Straße 7, 06112 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Isabell Klima
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Julius-Kühn-Straße 7, 06112 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Stefan Watzke
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Julius-Kühn-Straße 7, 06112 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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207
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarises the most recent evidence regarding the effects of diet in preventing and reducing age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence indicates that nutraceuticals and whole diet approaches may protect against the development of age-related cognitive decline and pathological neurodegeneration. The neuroprotective effects are diverse depending on the nutrient employed and may involve a reduction of neuroinflammation, an activation of the endogenous antioxidant defence system and a modulation of the gut microbiota structure and function. SUMMARY This review summarises the existing evidence in favour of diet as a viable alternative approach to directly impact cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. The single nutrient (polyphenols, B vitamins, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) versus whole diet approach (Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, MIND, Nordic, ketogenic) is presented and discussed. Potential mechanisms of action underlying the beneficial effects of these diets are also described. Implementation of large-scale preventive interventions based on dietary patterns identified as being beneficial to brain health should be a research and public health priority, ideally in conjunction with other health-promoting lifestyle factors.
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208
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Peng Y, Gao P, Shi L, Chen L, Liu J, Long J. Central and Peripheral Metabolic Defects Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting Mitochondria for Diagnosis and Prevention. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1188-1236. [PMID: 32050773 PMCID: PMC7196371 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Epidemiological studies indicate that metabolic disorders are associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metabolic remodeling occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, even in the early stages of AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely accepted as a molecular mechanism underlying metabolic disorders. Therefore, focusing on early metabolic changes, especially from the perspective of mitochondria, could be of interest for early AD diagnosis and intervention. Recent Advances: We and others have identified that the levels of several metabolites are fluctuated in the periphery before their accumulation in the CNS, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Mitochondrial remodeling is likely one of the earliest signs of AD, linking nutritional imbalance to cognitive deficits. Notably, by improving mitochondrial function, mitochondrial nutrients efficiently rescue cellular metabolic dysfunction in the CNS and periphery in individuals with AD. Critical Issues: Peripheral metabolic disorders should be intensively explored and evaluated for the early diagnosis of AD. The circulating metabolites derived from mitochondrial remodeling represent novel potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD that are more readily detected than CNS-oriented biomarkers. Moreover, mitochondrial nutrients provide a promising approach to preventing and delaying AD progression. Future Directions: Abnormal mitochondrial metabolism in the CNS and periphery is involved in AD pathogenesis. More clinical studies provide evidence for the suitability and reliability of circulating metabolites and cytokines for the early diagnosis of AD. Targeting mitochondria to rewire cellular metabolism is a promising approach to preventing AD and ameliorating AD-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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209
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Zhong Y, Zhu Y, Li Q, Wang F, Ge X, Zhou G, Miao L. Association between Mediterranean diet adherence and colorectal cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:1214-1225. [PMID: 32359135 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting epidemiologic studies have investigated the potential inverse association between Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between MD adherence and CRC incidence and mortality. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to identify eligible studies through September 2019. A random-effects model was used to estimate summary RRs and 95% CIs. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 13 prospective cohort studies, of which 9 reported CRC incidence and 5 reported CRC mortality. The summary RR of CRC incidence was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.96) for highest compared with lowest MD adherence and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.99) per 2-score increase in MD adherence. The summary RRs for highest compared with lowest MD adherence were 0.82 for rectal cancer (95% CI: 0.71, 0.95), 0.94 for proximal colon cancer (95% CI: 0.87, 1.02), and 0.91 for distal colon cancer (95% CI: 0.79, 1.04). Neither the summary HR of overall mortality for highest compared with lowest pre- and postdiagnosis MD adherence, nor the summary HR of CRC-specific mortality for highest compared with lowest prediagnosis MD adherence achieved a value with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis supports the inverse association of MD adherence with CRC incidence, but not with overall mortality or CRC-specific mortality among those diagnosed with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhong
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Jinling Hospital Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanpeng Li
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianxiu Ge
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangxin Zhou
- Jinling Hospital Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Miao
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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210
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Ford NA, Liu AG. The Forgotten Fruit: A Case for Consuming Avocado Within the Traditional Mediterranean Diet. Front Nutr 2020; 7:78. [PMID: 32548125 PMCID: PMC7272688 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is rich in fruits and vegetables and includes an abundant intake of oleic-acid-rich olive oil. People who adhere to a Mediterranean diet have reduced risk for numerous chronic diseases. As obesity rates rise globally, people who choose to follow a traditional Mediterranean diet and/or make improvements in food choices may reduce their risk of metabolic dysfunction and disease. Incorporating non-traditional fruits and vegetables into the Mediterranean diet could provide greater flexibility in suitable food choices for people who struggle to adhere to recommended healthy dietary patterns, and it could also provide greater adaptability for people living outside of the Mediterranean region who are interested in adopting the diet. The avocado fruit thrives in a Mediterranean climate, is produced in the region, and is rich in oleic acid and fiber, yet avocados are not commonly consumed within the traditional Mediterranean diet. Based on the existing research studies on the health benefits of avocado consumption and the continued investigation into the nutritional attributes of the avocado, a case can be made for including avocados as part of the Mediterranean dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, Mission Viejo, CA, United States
| | - Ann G Liu
- Independent Researcher, Valencia, CA, United States
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211
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Yu S, Guo X, Li GX, Yang H, Zheng L, Sun Y. Metabolic syndrome associated with the onset of depressive symptoms among women but not men in rural Northeast China. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:254. [PMID: 32448183 PMCID: PMC7247228 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to assess the cumulative incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among rural Chinese residents. Furthermore, we intended to estimate whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) was associated with MDD by both cross-sectional and prospective analysis. METHOD Data of 11,675 residents (46.3% men) was used for cross-sectional analysis. The residents were followed up with median 4.66 years. MDD was diagnosed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The data of 2796 individuals without any depressive symptoms was used for prospective analysis. RESULT With median of 4.66 years follow-up, the cumulative incidence of MDD among rural residents was 3.9%. Women had significantly higher cumulative incidence of MDD than men (5.3% for women and 2.9% for men, P < 0.01). The incidence of MDD was significantly higher among women with MetS (7.3% vs. 3.8%, P < 0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (7.0% vs. 4.5%, P < 0.001) or elevated blood pressure (6.4% vs. 3.4%, P < 0.001) at baseline compared with those without them. There was no incidence difference of MDD among men with or without baseline metabolic disorders. In prospective study, after adjusting possible confounders, baseline MetS was associated with higher incidence of MDD (OR: 1.82, 95%CI: 1.01, 3.27, P = 0.045) in women but not men (OR: 1.84, 95%CI: 0.88, 3.83, P = 0.104). CONCLUSION Cumulative incidence of MDD in rural China was higher among women than among men. Baseline MetS was associated with higher cumulative incidence of MDD in women but not men. More concern should be put on women with MetS in case of onset depressive symptom in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yu
- grid.412636.4Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- grid.412636.4Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Guang Xiao Li
- grid.412636.4Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- grid.412636.4Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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212
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A 3-year prospective cohort study of dietary patterns and frailty risk among community-dwelling older adults. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:229-236. [PMID: 32507582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association between dietary patterns and frailty is less investigated in Asia. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations between dietary patterns and frailty index (FI) in community-dwelling Japanese older adults aged 60 years or older. METHODS A 3-year cohort collected the data on sociodemographic information, lifestyle behaviors, comorbidities, medication history, depression status, nutrition, and physical function from 2014 to 2017. Five dietary patterns including "Mediterranean-style," "sugar and fat," "salt and pickles," "noodle and alcohol," and "protein-rich" dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis from 20 food groups obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. A 54-item FI was constructed on the basis of a deficit accumulation model. This project aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between dietary pattern and frailty trajectories with annual measurements over a 3-year period using a generalized estimating equation. RESULT After excluding 108 participants with incomplete data at baseline, 666 participants (56.5% female, 69.4 ± 4.4 years) were included for longitudinal analysis. Our results demonstrated that adherence score to "sugar and fat" dietary pattern" (Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.017], 95% CI [0.006 to 0.029]) and "salt and pickles" dietary pattern (Q3 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.010], 95% CI [0.001 to 0.020]; Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.014], 95% CI [0.003 to 0.025]) were positively associated with change in FI. Adherence score to a "protein-rich" dietary pattern was negatively associated with change in FI (Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [-0.013], 95% CI [-0.025 to -0.002]). CONCLUSIONS "Salt and pickles" dietary pattern and "sugar and fat" dietary pattern were positively associated with frailty. In contrast, "protein-rich" dietary pattern was negatively associated with frailty.
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213
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Knez S, Šajn L. Food object recognition using a mobile device: Evaluation of currently implemented systems. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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214
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Gómez-Gómez I, Bellón JÁ, Resurrección DM, Cuijpers P, Moreno-Peral P, Rigabert A, Maderuelo-Fernández JÁ, Motrico E. Effectiveness of universal multiple-risk lifestyle interventions in reducing depressive symptoms: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med 2020; 134:106067. [PMID: 32194097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Though many studies have explored the association between single-risk lifestyle interventions and depression, unhealthy lifestyle factors often co-occur, with adults engaging in two or more risk behaviours. To date, little is known about the effectiveness of universal multiple-risk lifestyle interventions to reduce depressive symptoms. We conducted a SR/MA to assess the effectiveness of universal multiple-risk lifestyle interventions (by promoting a healthy diet, physical activity and/or smoking cessation) to reduce depressive symptoms in adults. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, WOS, OpenGrey, the ICTRP and other sources from inception to 16 September 2019. We selected only randomized controlled trials, with no restrictions on language or setting. Our outcome was the reduction of depressive symptoms. We calculated the standardized mean difference using random-effect models. Sensitivity, sub-group and meta-regression analyses were performed. Of the 9386 abstracts reviewed, 311 were selected for full-text review. Of these, 23 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, including 7558 patients from four continents. Twenty RCTs provided valid data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The pooled SMD was -0.184 (95% CI, -0.311 to -0.057; p = 0.005). We found no publication bias, but heterogeneity was substantial (I2 = 72%; 95% CI: 56% to 82%). The effectiveness disappeared when only studies with a low risk of bias were included. The quality of evidence according GRADE was low. Although a small preventive effect was found, the substantial heterogeneity and RCTs with lower risk of bias suggested no effectiveness of universal multiple-risk lifestyle interventions in reducing depressive symptoms in a varied adult population. Further evidence is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Á Bellón
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), ISCIII, Spain; Research Unit of the Health District of Primary Care Málaga-Guadalhorce, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) Málaga, Spain; El Palo Health Centre, Andalusian Health Service (SAS), Málaga, Spain; Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, University of Málaga (UMA), Spain.
| | | | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Development Psychology, Section of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Patricia Moreno-Peral
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), ISCIII, Spain; Research Unit of the Health District of Primary Care Málaga-Guadalhorce, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) Málaga, Spain.
| | - Alina Rigabert
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Spain.
| | - José Ángel Maderuelo-Fernández
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), ISCIII, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Spain.
| | - Emma Motrico
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Spain; Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), ISCIII, Spain.
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215
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Bayes J, Schloss J, Sibbritt D. Effects of Polyphenols in a Mediterranean Diet on Symptoms of Depression: A Systematic Literature Review. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:602-615. [PMID: 31687743 PMCID: PMC7231605 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mood disorder which currently affects 350 million individuals worldwide. Recently, research has suggested a protective role of diet for depression. The Mediterranean-style dietary pattern has been highlighted in several systematic reviews as a promising candidate for reducing depressive symptoms. It has been speculated that this could be due to the high polyphenol content of foods commonly found in the diet. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess the effects of polyphenols found in a Mediterranean diet on the symptoms of depression. A systematic literature review was conducted of original research which assessed the role of polyphenols on the symptoms of depression in humans. The following databases were searched: PROQUEST, SCOPUS (Elsevier), MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINAHL, and EMBase, up to 18 February, 2019. The inclusion criteria consisted of both observational and experimental research in adults aged 18-80 y that assessed depression scores in relation to polyphenol intake. A total of 37 studies out of 12,084 met the full inclusion criteria. Of these, 17 were experimental studies and 20 were observational studies. Several different polyphenols were assessed including those from tea, coffee, citrus, nuts, soy, grapes, legumes, and spices. Twenty-nine of the studies found a statistically significant effect of polyphenols for depression. This review has found both an association between polyphenol consumption and depression risk, as well as evidence suggesting polyphenols can effectively alleviate depressive symptoms. The review uncovered gaps in the literature regarding the role of polyphenols for depressive symptoms in both young adults and men. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42019125747.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bayes
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia,Address correspondence to JB (e-mail: )
| | - Janet Schloss
- Office of Research, Endeavour College of Natural Health, Brisbane City, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
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216
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Shimura A, Sugiura K, Inoue M, Misaki S, Tanimoto Y, Oshima A, Tanaka T, Yokoi K, Inoue T. Which sleep hygiene factors are important? comprehensive assessment of lifestyle habits and job environment on sleep among office workers. Sleep Health 2020; 6:288-298. [PMID: 32360019 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several lifestyle habits are associated with sleep, it is unclear which factors are important. Among office workers, the effect of job environment should also be considered. The multivariate analyses on the effects of lifestyle habits and job environment on sleep among office workers was conducted. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 6,342 employees from 29 companies was conducted in 2017-2019. Complete responses and informed consent were provided by 5,640 participants. The survey examined demographic variables, sleep schedules, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), and lifestyle habits. RESULTS Mean values were as follows: age, 36.9 years (±10.2); PSQI, 6.52 (±2.83); and total sleep time, 6h06m (±1h40m) on work days and 7h39m (±1h58m) on free days. After adjusting for job environment and demographic variables, irregular meal time (1.45-2.86), not eating vegetables every day (1.35), nightcap (2.74-3.55), weight gain (1.20-1.42), lack of sunlight in the morning in the bedroom (1.48-1.60), waking up before dawn (2.18), electronic display use in bed (1.50), and daily caffeine intake (1.27) were significantly associated with sleep disturbance. Irregular meal time (1.51-2.37), lack of morning breakfast (1.74-2.95), having dinner within 2 hours before bed time (0.49-0.64), not eating vegetables every day (1.52), lack of sunlight exposure in the morning (1.43-2.01), and caffeine use every day (1.42) were also associated with eveningness (p<.01). CONCLUSION Each sleep hygiene factor had a different effect size. Sleep hygiene interventions to promote worker sleep health should prioritize factors in accordance with effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Sleep and Psychiatry, Kanno Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Sakurajuji Medical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; Department of R&D, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ko Sugiura
- Department of R&D, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Economics, University of Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Manami Inoue
- Department of R&D, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Medical Course, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu-shi, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of R&D, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yokoi
- Department of R&D, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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217
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Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M, Muñoz-Garcia M, Godos J, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Decline: key features for prevention. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2428-2442. [PMID: 31333085 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The decline in cognitive function is generally the result of the complex interaction of several factors. First of all, age, but also demographic, educational, genetic, socio-economic, and environmental determinants, including nutrition. Cognitive decline and dementia prevalence are increasing, and they are projected to continue increasing in the next decades due to the aging of the world population. Currently, there are no effective pharmacological treatments for these devastating and disabling conditions, which emphasize the key role of preventive strategies. There is compelling evidence of the role of diet and lifestyle on cognitive function. Therefore, dietary/ nutritional approaches that contribute to prevent, or slow cognitive decline may have a remarkable public health impact. Numerous studies have explored the role of dietary components and patterns on age-associated cognitive decline, with accruing evidence that combinations of foods and nutrients can have synergistic effects beyond those attributable to individual foods or nutrients. Dietary patterns show the strongest evidence for slowing the development of cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias including the Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, and their combination (the MedDiet-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay - MIND), among others with few positive results. There are also dietary patterns with no evidence of such effects. This review examines the evidence for the effects of some dietary patterns as neuroprotective with a potential to delay cognitive decline and the onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariana Muñoz-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
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218
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Dietary Factors and Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases: An Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041088. [PMID: 32326404 PMCID: PMC7231110 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diet is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Therefore, this umbrella review aims to comprehensively review the effects of dietary factors, including dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on CVD risks. Medline and Scopus databases were searched through March 2020. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SRMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies measuring the effects of dietary factors on CVD risks were eligible. Fifty-four SRMAs, including 35 SRMAs of observational studies, 10 SRMAs of RCTs, and 9 SRMAs of combined RCT and observational studies, were included for review. Findings from the SRMAs of RCTs suggest the significant benefit of Mediterranean and high-quality diets for lowering CVD risk, with pooled risk ratios (RRs) ranging from 0.55 (95%CI: 0.39-0.76) to 0.64 (95%CI: 0.53-0.79) and 0.70 (95%CI: 0.57-0.87), respectively. For food nutrients, two SRMAs of RCTs found that high intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) significantly reduced CVD risks, with pooled RRs ranging from 0.89 (95%CI: 0.82, 0.98) to 0.90 (95%CI: 0.85-0.96), while evidence of efficacy of n-6 PUFA and combined n-3 and n-6 PUFA were inconsistent. Moreover, results from the SRMAs of RCTs did not find a significant benefit of a low-salt diet and low total fat intake for CVD prevention. For food groups, results from the SRMAs of cohort studies suggest that high intakes of legumes, nuts, and chocolate, as well as a vegetarian diet significantly reduced the risk of coronary heart disease, with pooled RRs of 0.90 (95%CI: 0.84-0.97), 0.68 (95%CI: 0.59-0.78), 0.90 (95%CI: 0.82-0.97), and 0.71 (95%CI: 0.57-0.87), respectively. Healthy dietary patterns had a significant benefit for CVD prevention. With the substitutional and synergistic interactions between different food groups and nutrients, dietary recommendations for CVD prevention should be focused more on healthy dietary patterns than single food groups or nutrients.
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219
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Vinciguerra F, Graziano M, Hagnäs M, Frittitta L, Tumminia A. Influence of the Mediterranean and Ketogenic Diets on Cognitive Status and Decline: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1019. [PMID: 32276339 PMCID: PMC7231139 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of senile dementia, accounting for up to 70% of dementia cases. AD is a slowly progressive disease, which causes global mental deterioration by affecting various cognitive areas. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that lifestyle habits and nutritional patterns could delay the natural course of the neurodegeneration process. There is no single dietary pattern unequivocally proven to prevent AD. Nevertheless, epidemiological data suggest that by adopting several dietary habits, especially if accompanied with a healthy lifestyle, the negative consequences of AD could potentially be delayed. Alongside with others, two specific eating patterns have been well investigated concerning their potential beneficial effect on cognitive status: the Mediterranean diet (MedDi) and the Ketogenic Diet (KD). Despite the different underlying mechanisms, both of them have demonstrated a fairly profitable role in reducing or delaying cognitive impairment. The aim of the present narrative review is to overview the existing research on the efficacy of MedDi and KD against AD-related cognitive decline, focusing on the proposed protective mechanisms of action. Although the current knowledge on this complex topic does not allow us, at this point, to make exhaustive conclusions, this information could be of help in order to better characterize the possible role of MedDi and KD as nonpharmacological therapies in the treatment of AD and, more generically, of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vinciguerra
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Marco Graziano
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Maria Hagnäs
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.F.)
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5/PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Rovaniemi Health Center, Koskikatu 25, 96200 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.F.)
- Diabetes, Obesity and Dietetic Center, Garibaldi Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Tumminia
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.F.)
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220
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Ezra-Nevo G, Henriques SF, Ribeiro C. The diet-microbiome tango: how nutrients lead the gut brain axis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 62:122-132. [PMID: 32199342 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients and the microbiome have a profound impact on the brain by influencing its development and function in health and disease. The mechanisms by which they shape brain function have only started to be uncovered. Here we propose that the interaction of diet with the microbiome is at the core of most mechanisms by which gut microbes affect host brain function. The microbiome acts on the host by altering the nutrients in the diet and by using them as precursors for synthetizing psychoactive metabolites. Diet is also a major modulator of gut microbiome composition making this another key mechanism by which they affect the host brain. Nutrient-microbiome-host interactions therefore provide an overarching framework to understand the function of the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Ezra-Nevo
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Sílvia F Henriques
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Carlos Ribeiro
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal.
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221
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Romito BT, Okoro EN, Ringqvist JRB, Goff KL. Burnout and Wellness: The Anesthesiologist's Perspective. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 15:118-125. [PMID: 33786030 DOI: 10.1177/1559827620911645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout syndrome results from unmanaged chronic workplace stress. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, lack of a sense of personal accomplishment, and depersonalization. Burnout is associated with the development of poor work-related outcomes, mental health disorders, substance abuse, and cardiovascular disease. Burnout in physicians and other health care providers can negatively affect patient care. The prevalence of burnout in anesthesiology is among the highest of all medical specialties, with rates approaching 40%. Unique risk factors for the development of burnout in anesthesiologists may include environmental social isolation, long work hours, lack of control over one's career, and the presence of certain personality traits that select for a career in anesthesia. System-based interventions targeting workplace contributions to burnout and individual resilience and mindfulness training can be helpful in reducing burnout symptoms. Future research efforts examining both the health care environmental structure and the specific burnout risk factors for anesthesiologists will help produce targeted treatment strategies for members of the anesthesiology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Romito
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ejike N Okoro
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jenny R B Ringqvist
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kristina L Goff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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222
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Vlachos GS, Scarmeas N. Dietary interventions in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020. [PMID: 31607782 PMCID: PMC6780358 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2019.21.1/nscarmeas] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intervention is an enticing approach in the fight against cognitive impairment. Nutritional supplements and dietetic counseling are relatively easy and benign interventions, but research has not yet yielded irrefutable evidence as to their clinical utility. Heterogeneity in the results of available clinical studies, as well as methodological and practical issues, does not allow replication and generalization of findings. The paper at hand reviews only randomized clinical trials of single nutrients, multi-nutrient formulations and dietary counseling in mild cognitive impairment and dementia of the Alzheimer's type focusing on both cognitive and functional outcomes. Thus far, folate, vitamin E, Ω-3 fatty acids, and certain multi-nutrient formulations have shown some preliminary promising results; larger, well-designed trials are needed to confirm these findings before nutritional elements can be incorporated in recommended clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Vlachos
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
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223
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Baptista LC, Sun Y, Carter CS, Buford TW. Crosstalk Between the Gut Microbiome and Bioactive Lipids: Therapeutic Targets in Cognitive Frailty. Front Nutr 2020; 7:17. [PMID: 32219095 PMCID: PMC7078157 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive frailty is a geriatric condition defined by the coexistence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty. This "composite" aging phenotype is associated with a higher risk of several adverse health-related outcomes, including dementia. In the last decade, cognitive frailty has gained increased attention from the scientific community that has focused on understanding the clinical impact and the physiological and pathological mechanisms of development and on identifying preventive and/or rehabilitative therapeutic interventions. The emergence of gut microbiome in neural signaling increased the interest in targeting the gut-brain axis as a modulation strategy. Multiple studies on gastroenteric, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases support the existence of a wide bidirectional communication network of signaling mediators, e.g., bioactive lipids, that can modulate inflammation, gut permeability, microbiota composition, and the gut-brain axis. This crosstalk between the gut-brain axis, microbiome, and bioactive lipids may emerge as the basis of a promising therapeutic strategy to counteract cognitive frailty. In this review, we summarize the evidence in the literature regarding the link between the gut microbiome, brain, and several families of bioactive lipids. In addition, we also explore the applicability of several bioactive lipid members as a potential routes for therapeutic interventions to combat cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C. Baptista
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,*Correspondence: Christy S. Carter
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Thomas W. Buford ; Twitter: @twbuford
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224
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Grodzicki W, Dziendzikowska K. The Role of Selected Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030229. [PMID: 32168776 PMCID: PMC7139322 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a feature of many debilitating, incurable age-dependent diseases that affect the nervous system and represent a major threat to the health of elderly persons. Because of the ongoing process of aging experienced by modern societies, the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is becoming a global public health concern. A major cause of age-related dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, there are no effective therapies to slow, stop, or reverse the progression of this disease. However, many studies have suggested that modification of lifestyle factors, such as the introduction of an appropriate diet, can delay or prevent the onset of this disorder. Diet is currently considered to be a crucial factor in controlling health and protecting oneself against oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and thus against chronic degenerative diseases. A large number of bioactive food compounds may influence the pathological mechanisms underlying AD. Among them, phenolic compounds, omega-3 fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, isothiocyanates, and carotenoids seem to be promising. They act not only as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, but also as active modulators of the pathological molecular mechanisms that play a role in AD development, including the formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles, the main hallmarks of AD pathology. In vivo animal model studies as well as clinical and epidemiological research suggest that nutritional intervention has a positive effect on the health of older people and may prevent age-related cognitive decline, especially when the diet contains more than one bioactive nutrient. The Mediterranean diet and in particular its combination with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, which is called the MIND diet, are nutritional patterns based on many products rich in bioactive compounds that appear to be the most effective in preventing neurodegeneration. The present review gathers evidence that supports the neuroprotective effect of bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Grodzicki
- Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-2259-37-033
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225
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Chatterjee P, Fernando M, Fernando B, Dias CB, Shah T, Silva R, Williams S, Pedrini S, Hillebrandt H, Goozee K, Barin E, Sohrabi HR, Garg M, Cunnane S, Martins RN. Potential of coconut oil and medium chain triglycerides in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 186:111209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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226
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Liu T, Luo H, Tang JY, Wong GH. Does lifestyle matter? Individual lifestyle factors and their additive effects associated with cognitive function in older men and women. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:405-412. [PMID: 30520690 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1539833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigated the association between healthy lifestyle comprised of multiple domains, gender, and cognitive function in older Chinese people in Hong Kong.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis with data from 1,831 community-dwellers aged 65 years and above. Participants' basic demographics, comorbidity, and six lifestyle factors: diet; smoking; alcohol drinking; and physical, mental, and social activities were surveyed. Cognitive function was assessed using the Cantonese Chinese Montreal Cognitive Assessment (CC-MoCA). Linear regressions were performed to examine the associations between lifestyle, gender, and cognitive performance.Results: There were gender differences in lifestyle: men smoked (χ2(1) = 159.4) and drank more (χ2(1) = 85.9) and were more active in mentally stimulating activities (χ2(1) = 14.3, all p<.001); while women were more socially active (χ2(1) = 28.0). Age, gender and education explained the greatest variance in cognition (R2=.32). Being active/healthy in more domains further contributed to better cognitive function, although the effect was small (ΔR2=0.03 in women; ΔR2=0.01 in men, both p<.05). Among the lifestyle domains, physical activity showed the strongest effects on cognitive function (ΔR2=0.004 in men and ΔR2=0.02 in women, both p<.05).Conclusions: Naturalistically, a physically active lifestyle and being active/healthy in more domains is associated with better cognitive function in older people after controlling for non-modifiable and early-life factors. The effects are however small. There are gender differences in lifestyle and the impact of lifestyle on cognitive function. Preventive strategies targeting lifestyle domains for cognitive health in older people may consider these naturalistic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyin Liu
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Gloria Hy Wong
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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227
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Visioli F, Davalos A, López de las Hazas M, Crespo MC, Tomé‐Carneiro J. An overview of the pharmacology of olive oil and its active ingredients. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1316-1330. [PMID: 31270815 PMCID: PMC7056466 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing sensory stimuli, usually taste, smell and sight, olive oil contains a range of minor components, mostly phenolic in nature. These components are endowed with pharmacological or pharma‐nutritional properties that are the subject of active research worldwide. Based on our more than 25 years of experience in this field, we critically focus on what we believe are the most pharmacologically prominent actions of the constituents of olive oil. Most of the effects are due to the phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil, such as hydroxytyrosol and oleocanthal (which are often mis‐categorized as in vivo antioxidants) and concern the cardiovascular system. Other potentially beneficial activities are still to be investigated in depth. We conclude that—in the context of a proper diet that includes high‐quality products—the use of high‐quality olive oil contributes to achieving and sustaining overall health.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Alberto Davalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid MetabolismInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - María‐Carmen López de las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid MetabolismInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - Joao Tomé‐Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
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228
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Gialluisi A, Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, De Curtis A, Sarchiapone M, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Lifestyle and biological factors influence the relationship between mental health and low-grade inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 85:4-13. [PMID: 31055172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health modulates the risk of common chronic conditions. Although inflammation is thought to partly explain this link, its relation with mental health is still unclear and largely unexplored. We investigated three scales assessing psychological resilience (CD-RISC), depression symptoms (PHQ9-6) and mental wellbeing (SF36-MCS) in an Italian adult population cohort (Nmax = 16,952). This showed a slightly higher frequency of men, more educated and younger participants, compared to samples with incomplete questionnaires. We performed stepwise generalized linear models to test the association between each scale and INFLA-score, a composite blood-based inflammation index. At each step, a class of potential mediators was included in the model, namely health conditions, lifestyle factors, or both (full model). Full model analysis was also conducted on single blood markers involved in the inflammatory process. In the baseline model, we observed significant associations of PHQ9-6 (standardized β(SE) = 0.024(0.009), p = 8.9 × 10-3) and SF36-MCS (β(SE) = -0.021(0.008), p = 7 × 10-3) with INFLA-score. These associations survived adjustment for health conditions but not for lifestyle factors, which explained 81% and 17% of the association with PHQ9-6 and SF36-MCS. Significant associations (p < 4.2 × 10-3) after mediator adjustment were observed for single low-grade inflammation markers, including platelet distribution width (with PHQ9-6 and CD-RISC), granulocyte- and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, monocyte and lymphocyte fractions (with SF36-MCS). After imputation of missing data, we observed substantially consistent associations. These findings suggest that the relationship between mental health and low-grade inflammation is largely influenced by lifestyle. However, the associations with specific biomarkers related to inflammation are partly independent and might be explained by biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gialluisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - M Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - S Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - A De Curtis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - M Sarchiapone
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy; National Institute of Migration and Poverty, Via San Gallicano, Roma, Italy; Medical University of Almaty, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - C Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - M B Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - G de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - L Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Carregosa D, Carecho R, Figueira I, N Santos C. Low-Molecular Weight Metabolites from Polyphenols as Effectors for Attenuating Neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1790-1807. [PMID: 31241945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated pathophysiological changes such as neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial conditions with increasing incidence and no existing cure. The possibility of altering the progression and development of these multifactorial diseases through diet is an attractive approach with increasing supporting data. Epidemiological and clinical studies have highlighted the health potential of diets rich in fruits and vegetables. Such food sources are rich in (poly)phenols, natural compounds increasingly associated with health benefits, having the potential to prevent or retard the development of various diseases. However, absorption and the blood concentration of (poly)phenols is very low when compared with their corresponding (poly)phenolic metabolites. Therefore, these serum-bioavailable metabolites are much more promising candidates to overcome cellular barriers and reach target tissues, such as the brain. Bearing this in mind, it will be reviewed that the molecular mechanisms underlying (poly)phenolic metabolites effects, range from 0.1 to <50 μM and their role on neuroinflammation, a central hallmark in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Carregosa
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
- iBET , Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica , Avenida da República, Apartado 12 , 2781-901 Oeiras , Portugal
| | - Rafael Carecho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Avenida da República , 2780-157 Oeiras , Portugal
| | - Inês Figueira
- iBET , Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica , Avenida da República, Apartado 12 , 2781-901 Oeiras , Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Avenida da República , 2780-157 Oeiras , Portugal
| | - Cláudia N Santos
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
- iBET , Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica , Avenida da República, Apartado 12 , 2781-901 Oeiras , Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Avenida da República , 2780-157 Oeiras , Portugal
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230
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Carnegie R, Zheng J, Sallis HM, Jones HJ, Wade KH, Evans J, Zammit S, Munafò MR, Martin RM. Mendelian randomisation for nutritional psychiatry. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:208-216. [PMID: 31759900 PMCID: PMC6983323 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional psychiatry is a growing area of research, with several nutritional factors implicated in the cause of psychiatric ill-health. However, nutritional research is highly complex, with multiple potential factors involved, highly confounded exposures and small effect sizes for individual nutrients. This Personal View considers whether Mendelian randomisation provides a solution to these difficulties, by investigating causality in a low-risk and low-cost way. We reviewed studies using Mendelian randomisation in nutritional psychiatry, along with the potential opportunities and challenges of using this approach for investigating the causal effects of nutritional exposures. Several studies have identified nutritional exposures that are potentially causal by using Mendelian randomisation in psychiatry, offering opportunities for further mechanistic research, intervention development, and replication. The use of Mendelian randomisation as a foundation for intervention development facilitates the best use of resources in an emerging discipline in which opportunities are rich, but resources are often poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Carnegie
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Medical Research Centre (MRC), Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Medical Research Centre (MRC), Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah M Sallis
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Medical Research Centre (MRC), Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah J Jones
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Medical Research Centre (MRC), Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kaitlin H Wade
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Medical Research Centre (MRC), Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan Evans
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stan Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- Medical Research Centre (MRC), Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Medical Research Centre (MRC), Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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232
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Gatto NM, Garcia-Cano J, Irani C, Liu T, Arakaki C, Fraser G, Wang C, Lee GJ. Observed Physical Function Is Associated With Better Cognition Among Elderly Adults: The Adventist Health Study-2. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2020; 35:1533317520960868. [PMID: 32996324 PMCID: PMC10623938 DOI: 10.1177/1533317520960868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Lifestyle factors may individually protect against the development of mild cognitive impairment. We investigate the relationships between both self-reported physical activity and measured physical function with cognition in a population of elderly adults, more than half of whom follow vegetarian dietary patterns. Otherwise healthy adults (n = 127, mean age 74.9 ± 7.9 years, 61.3% current vegetarians) were assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. A principal components analysis derived processing speed, executive function, and memory/language factors. Participants reported current levels of vigorous physical activity on questionnaires, and physical function and mobility were measured with the Physical Performance Test (PPT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. Generalized linear models estimated β coefficients for cross-sectional associations between cognitive factors and indicators of physical abilities and self-reported physical activity. Better physical function indicated by PPT was associated with higher scores on the processing speed factor (β = 0.21 SDs for each 4.4-point increase in PPT score; p = 0.02). Faster TUG times were also associated with higher processing speed factor scores (β = 0.21 SDs increase for each 2.8 second less TUG time; p = 0.02). Self-reported levels of vigorous physical activity were not associated with any area of cognitive function; the association between PPT, TUG and processing speed was independent of physical activity. Associations between PPT and TUG and processing speed were stronger among participants who followed vegetarian dietary patterns. Better physical function may have an effect on cognition in a context of healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Gatto
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, CA, USA
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Garcia-Cano
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Crissy Irani
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | | | - Gary Fraser
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | - Grace J. Lee
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
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233
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Shi J, Lu L, Sun Y, Bao Y, Ravindran A, Sun Y. Mental health challenges raised by rapid socioeconomic transformations in China: Lessons learned and prevention strategies. HEART AND MIND 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_22_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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234
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Stadterman J, Belthoff K, Han Y, Kadesh AD, Yoncheva Y, Roy AK. A Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of a Western Diet on Hippocampal Volume in Children. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:58. [PMID: 32195211 PMCID: PMC7062798 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Over the course of the 20th century, there has been a sharp increase in the consumption of saturated fat and refined sugars. This so-called "western diet" (WD) has been extensively linked to biological alterations and associated functional deficits in the hippocampus of animals. However, the effects of a WD on the human hippocampus are less well-characterized. This preliminary study aimed to extend prior animal work by investigating the effects of a WD on hippocampal volume in children. Methods: Twenty-one healthy children (ages 5-9) completed a structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan. Bilateral hippocampal volumes (as regions-of-interest) and bilateral amygdala volumes (as medial temporal lobe control regions-of-interest) were calculated. WD variables were derived from the parent-completed Youth/Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire. Specifically, variables were calculated as percent of daily calories consumed from sugars, fats, or a combination of these (WD). Results: While the relationships between overall WD consumption and bilateral hippocampal volumes were not significant, increased fat consumption was significantly related to decreased left hippocampal volume. Sugar consumption was not related to hippocampal size. Control region volumes were not related to any diet variables. Discussion: This study is the first to directly link diet-specifically fat consumption-to decreased left hippocampal volume in children. This extends previous work showing smaller left hippocampal volume related to obesity in pediatric samples. Though preliminary, findings represent an important step toward understanding the impact of diet on child brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Stadterman
- Pediatric Emotion Regulation Lab, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Kyrstin Belthoff
- Pediatric Emotion Regulation Lab, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ying Han
- Pediatric Emotion Regulation Lab, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Amanda D Kadesh
- Pediatric Emotion Regulation Lab, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Yuliya Yoncheva
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amy Krain Roy
- Pediatric Emotion Regulation Lab, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, The Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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235
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Wang R, Feng Z, Liu Y, Lu Y. Relationship between neighbourhood social participation and depression among older adults: A longitudinal study in China. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2020; 28:247-259. [PMID: 31595604 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has found a negative linkage between neighbourhood social participation and depressive symptoms in Western countries, but the cross-sectional design of these studies limits the ability to infer causality. Little attention has been paid to socio-psychological pathways linking neighbourhood social participation to depressive symptoms among older adults in China. This study aimed to examine the impact of neighbourhood social participation on depressive symptoms among older adults in China. It also further explored the mediating roles of physical activity, social contact among neighbours, and contact with own children in the relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms. Data obtained through three waves (2011, 2013, and 2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used. The sample consisted of 10,105 individuals aged 60 and above and 24,623 person-year records captured during these three waves. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiology Studies of Depression scale. Results showed that respondents' depression decreased with an increasing level of neighbourhood social participation, more time spent on physical activities, and a higher frequency of contact with neighbours and with own children. These factors were found to partly mediate the relationship between neighbourhood social participation and depression. The negative relationships between social contact and depression and contact with own children and depression were both strengthened by neighbourhood social participation. In conclusion, physical activity, social contact among neighbours and contact with own children are mechanisms through which neighbourhood social participation lowers the risk of depression among older adults in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Wang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-Simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-Simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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236
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Briguglio M, Vitale JA, Galentino R, Banfi G, Zanaboni Dina C, Bona A, Panzica G, Porta M, Dell'Osso B, Glick ID. Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Sleep Hygiene (HEPAS) as the Winning Triad for Sustaining Physical and Mental Health in Patients at Risk for or with Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Considerations for Clinical Practice. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:55-70. [PMID: 32021199 PMCID: PMC6955623 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s229206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders stem from gene-environment interaction and their development can be, at least in some cases, prevented by the adoption of healthy and protective lifestyles. Once full blown, neuropsychiatric disorders are prevalent conditions that patients live with a great burden of disability. Indeed, the determinants that increase the affliction of neuropsychiatric disorders are various, with unhealthy lifestyles providing a significant contribution in the interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that ultimately represent the pathophysiological basis of these impairing conditions. On one hand, the adoption of Healthy Eating education, Physical Activity programs, and Sleep hygiene promotion (HEPAS) has the potential to become one of the most suitable interventions to reduce the risk to develop neuropsychiatric disorders, while, on the other hand, its integration with pharmacological and psychological therapies seems to be essential in the overall management of neuropsychiatric disorders in order to reduce the disability and improve the quality of life of affected patients. We present an overview of the current evidence in relation to HEPAS components in the prevention and management of neuropsychiatric disorders and provide suggestions for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Briguglio
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Scientific Direction, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Galentino
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Tourette's Syndrome and Movement Disorders Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Scientific Direction, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Bona
- Neurosurgery Department, ICCS Istituto Clinico Città Studi, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- Department of Neuroscience, Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Porta
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Tourette's Syndrome and Movement Disorders Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- University of Milan, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Luigi Sacco, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Ospedale Sacco Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy.,"Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ira David Glick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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237
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Aljuraiban GS, Gibson R, Oude Griep LM, Okuda N, Steffen LM, Van Horn L, Chan Q. Perspective: The Application of A Priori Diet Quality Scores to Cardiovascular Disease Risk-A Critical Evaluation of Current Scoring Systems. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:10-24. [PMID: 31209464 PMCID: PMC7442364 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy dietary habits are the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Numerous researchers have developed diet quality indices to help evaluate and compare diet quality across and within various populations. The availability of these new indices raises questions regarding the best selection relevant to a given population. In this perspective, we critically evaluate a priori-defined dietary indices commonly applied in epidemiological studies of CVD risk and mortality. A systematic literature search identified 59 observational studies that applied a priori-defined diet quality indices to CVD risk factors and/or CVD incidence and/or CVD mortality. Among 31 different indices, these scores were categorized as follows: 1) those based on country-specific dietary patterns, 2) those adapted from distinct dietary guidelines, and 3) novel scores specific to key diet-related factors associated with CVD risk. The strengths and limitations of these indices are described according to index components, calculation methods, and the application of these indices to different population groups. Also, the importance of identifying methodological challenges faced by researchers when applying an index are considered, such as selection and weighting of food groups within a score, since food groups are not necessarily equivalent in their associations with CVD. The lack of absolute cutoff values, emphasis on increasing healthy food without limiting unhealthy food intake, and absence of validation of scores with biomarkers or other objective diet assessment methods further complicate decisions regarding the best indices to use. Future research should address these limitations, consider cross-cultural and other differences between population groups, and identify translational challenges inherent in attempting to apply a relevant diet quality index for use in CVD prevention at a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer S Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda M Oude Griep
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Diet, Anthropometry, and Physical Activity (DAPA) Group, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Bidirectional associations between food groups and depressive symptoms: longitudinal findings from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:439-450. [PMID: 30588894 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated bidirectional associations between intake of food groups and depressive symptoms in 1058 Italian participants (aged 20-102 years) of the Invecchiare in Chianti study. Dietary intake, assessed with a validated FFQ, and depressive symptoms, measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D), were assessed at baseline and after 3, 6 and 9 years. Associations of repeated measurements of intakes of thirteen food groups with 3-year changes in depressive symptoms, and vice versa, were analysed using linear mixed models and logistic generalised estimating equations. Fish intake was inversely (quartile (Q)4 v. Q1, B=-0·97, 95 % CI -1·74, -0·21) and sweet food intake positively (Q4 v. Q1, B=1·03, 95 % CI 0·25, 1·81) associated with subsequent CES-D score. In the other direction, higher CES-D scores were associated with decreases in intakes of vegetables (ratio: 0·995, 95 % CI 0·990, 0·999) and red and processed meat (B=-0·006, 95 % CI -0·010, -0·001), an increase in dairy product intake (ratio: 1·008, 95 % CI 1·004, 1·013), and increasing odds of eating savoury snacks (OR: 1·012, 95 % CI 1·000, 1·024). Fruit, nuts and legumes, potatoes, wholegrain bread, olive oil, sugar-sweetened beverages, and coffee and tea were not significantly associated in either direction. Our study confirmed bidirectional associations between food group intakes and depressive symptoms. Fish and sweet food intakes were associated with 3-year improvement and deterioration in depressive symptoms, respectively. Depressive symptoms were associated with 3-year changes in vegetable, meat, dairy product and savoury snack intakes. Trials are necessary to examine the causal associations between food groups and depression.
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Nutrition and frailty: Current knowledge. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109703. [PMID: 31325470 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Nutrition, as part of lifestyle and modifiable environmental factors, constitutes an interesting approach for the prevention of geriatric syndromes. The objective of this review was to examine the most recent evidence on the association between nutrition, from dietary patterns to specific nutrients, and frailty, before the onset of disability, among elderly individuals. RECENT FINDINGS Based on available epidemiological studies, three meta-analyses published in 2018 have outlined a protective effect of greater adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet (MeDi) on the risk for frailty, with up to a 60% reduction in risk. Several studies focusing on particular food groups, macronutrients and micronutrients have also been published and have highlighted that a protein intake of 1 g/kg in body weight per day should be fulfilled (except for patients suffering from kidney or hepatic dysfunction) and that vitamin deficiencies should be avoided. Available interventional studies of nutritional supplements and/or physical activity programs have mainly been limited to disabled participants to date. SUMMARY Research efforts should target both developing a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying frailty and improving detection tools and the effectiveness of intervention studies, alongside efforts to address the specific needs of older people. For instance, ensuring an adequate nutritional status, by fighting the age-related increased prevalence of undernutrition or sarcopenic obesity, should be privileged.
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Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), abundant in minimally processed plant-based foods, rich in monounsaturated fat from olive oil, but lower in saturated fat, meats, and dairy products, seems an ideal nutritional model for cardiovascular health. Methodological aspects of Mediterranean intervention trials, limitations in the quality of some meta-analyses, and other issues may have raised recent controversies. It remains unclear whether such limitations are important enough as to attenuate the postulated cardiovascular benefits of the MedDiet. We aimed to critically review current evidence on the role of the MedDiet in cardiovascular health. We systematically searched observational prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials which explicitly reported to assess the effect of the MedDiet on hard cardiovascular end points. We critically assessed all the original cohorts and randomized controlled trials included in the 5 most comprehensive meta-analyses published between 2014 and 2018 and additional prospective studies not included in these meta-analyses, totaling 45 reports of prospective studies (including 4 randomized controlled trials and 32 independent observational cohorts). We addressed the existing controversies on methodology and other issues. Some departures from individual randomization in a subsample of the landmark Spanish trial (PREDIMED [Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea]) did not represent any clinically meaningful attenuation in the strength of its findings and the results of PREDIMED were robust in a wide range of sensitivity analyses. The criteria for causality were met and potential sources of controversies did not represent any reason to compromise the main findings of the available observational studies and randomized controlled trials. The available evidence is large, strong, and consistent. Better conformity with the traditional MedDiet is associated with better cardiovascular health outcomes, including clinically meaningful reductions in rates of coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and total cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Martínez-González
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.).,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.).,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Alfredo Gea
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.).,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.)
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.).,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (M.A.M.-G., A.G., M.R.-C.)
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Ord AS, Phillips JI, Wolterstorff T, Kintzing R, Slogar SM, Sautter SW. Can deficits in functional capacity and practical judgment indicate cognitive impairment in older adults? APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2019; 28:737-744. [PMID: 31835920 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1698582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychological literature has demonstrated a significant relationship between cognitive decline and functional capacity, but the directionality of this relationship is still not well understood. Further, the construct of practical judgment has been linked to both cognitive impairment and functional capacity, but these associations are still under-researched. Moreover, few studies to date have examined the relationships among all three constructs utilizing performance-based, ecologically valid and psychometrically sound measures. The present study aimed to address this gap in published literature and investigated whether a practical judgment and functional capacity can help differentiate individuals with cognitive dysfunction from those without. Participants were 270 community-dwelling individuals aged 56-95 years referred for neuropsychological evaluation in an outpatient setting. Bivariate correlations revealed moderate to strong relationships among the three studied variables. Additionally, logistic regression analysis indicated that ability to make sound practical judgments and ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) can be used as indicators of cognitive impairment. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Ord
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA.,W. G. Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC, USA.,Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jacob I Phillips
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Trevor Wolterstorff
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Rebekah Kintzing
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Sue-Mei Slogar
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Scott W Sautter
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
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Ju SY, Park YK. Low fruit and vegetable intake is associated with depression among Korean adults in data from the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2019; 38:39. [PMID: 31796113 PMCID: PMC6892133 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-019-0204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major mental disorder worldwide. The prevalence of depression among Korean adults was estimated to be 5.6% in 2006 and 6.7% in 2011, and that increased to 10.3% in 2013. Using national data, the present study investigated the association between vegetable and fruit intake and the prevalence of depression among Korean adults. METHODS This analysis used data from 4349 subjects aged 19 years and older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2014). Depression was assessed using the self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. Food and nutrient intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method. Individual food intake was categorized into 18 food groups. The statistical analyses in this study were performed by adopting stratification, clustering, and sample weight variables using SPSS Ver. 23.0. Cronbach's α was used to determine the internal consistency of the PHQ-9 items. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios of depression adjusted for several confounders. RESULTS The depression rate of all subjects was between 8.7 and 4.7% and decreased as vegetable and fruit intake increased. With regard to sex, the depression rate decreased from 6.4 to 2.5% in males and from 11.4 to 6.6% in females as vegetable and fruit intake increased. Thus, the results of this study reveal an inverse association between vegetable and fruit intake and depression. The odds ratios show that vegetable and fruit intake was inversely associated with depression with no adjustment. When the data were adjusted for age, energy intake, obesity, smoking, drinking, stress, eating-out frequency, breakfast, and food security, subjects exhibited significantly lower rates of depression with higher vegetable and fruit intakes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to investigate the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and depression in a Korean population. Additional epidemiological studies are needed to find the underlying reasons for that association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Young Ju
- Dept. of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Yoo Kyoung Park
- Dept. of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea.
- Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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243
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Adan RAH, van der Beek EM, Buitelaar JK, Cryan JF, Hebebrand J, Higgs S, Schellekens H, Dickson SL. Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1321-1332. [PMID: 31735529 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Does it matter what we eat for our mental health? Accumulating data suggests that this may indeed be the case and that diet and nutrition are not only critical for human physiology and body composition, but also have significant effects on mood and mental wellbeing. While the determining factors of mental health are complex, increasing evidence indicates a strong association between a poor diet and the exacerbation of mood disorders, including anxiety and depression, as well as other neuropsychiatric conditions. There are common beliefs about the health effects of certain foods that are not supported by solid evidence and the scientific evidence demonstrating the unequivocal link between nutrition and mental health is only beginning to emerge. Current epidemiological data on nutrition and mental health do not provide information about causality or underlying mechanisms. Future studies should focus on elucidating mechanism. Randomized controlled trials should be of high quality, adequately powered and geared towards the advancement of knowledge from population-based observations towards personalized nutrition. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, exploring the scientific evidence exemplifying the importance of a well-balanced diet for mental health. We conclude that an experimental medicine approach and a mechanistic understanding is required to provide solid evidence on which future policies on diet and nutrition for mental health can be based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A H Adan
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eline M van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- Suzanne Higgs School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Suzanne L Dickson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Buie JJ, Watson LS, Smith CJ, Sims-Robinson C. Obesity-related cognitive impairment: The role of endothelial dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104580. [PMID: 31454547 PMCID: PMC6834913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic associated with macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction has recently emerged as a significant risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. In this review, we present evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supporting a role for obesity in cognitive impairment. Next, we discuss how obesity-related hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis lead to cognitive impairment through induction of endothelial dysfunction and disruption of the blood brain barrier. Finally, we outline the potential clinical utility of dietary interventions, exercise, and bariatric surgery in circumventing the impacts of obesity on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Jones Buie
- WISSDOM Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Luke S Watson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Crystal J Smith
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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245
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Ristori MV, Quagliariello A, Reddel S, Ianiro G, Vicari S, Gasbarrini A, Putignani L. Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112812. [PMID: 31752095 PMCID: PMC6893818 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex behavioral syndrome that is characterized by speech and language disorders, intellectual impairment, learning and motor dysfunctions. Several genetic and environmental factors are suspected to affect the ASD phenotype including air pollution, exposure to pesticides, maternal infections, inflammatory conditions, dietary factors or consumption of antibiotics during pregnancy. Many children with ASD shows abnormalities in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, including increased intestinal permeability, overall microbiota alterations, and gut infection. Moreover, they are "picky eaters" and the existence of specific sensory patterns in ASD patients could represent one of the main aspects in hampering feeding. GI disorders are associated with an altered composition of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiome is able to communicate with brain activities through microbiota-derived signaling molecules, immune mediators, gut hormones as well as vagal and spinal afferent neurons. Since the diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiota and in the production of molecules, such as the SCFA, we wanted to investigate the role that nutritional intervention can have on GI microbiota composition and thus on its influence on behavior, GI symptoms and microbiota composition and report which are the beneficial effect on ASD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Ristori
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Children’s Hospital and Research Institute “Bambino Gesù”, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.V.R.); (A.Q.); (S.R.)
| | - Andrea Quagliariello
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Children’s Hospital and Research Institute “Bambino Gesù”, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.V.R.); (A.Q.); (S.R.)
| | - Sofia Reddel
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Children’s Hospital and Research Institute “Bambino Gesù”, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.V.R.); (A.Q.); (S.R.)
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Dipartimento di Gastroenterologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Neuropsichiatria dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza, Children’s Hospital and Research Institute “Bambino Gesù”, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Gastroenterologia ed Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0668-59-4127 (L.P.)
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Units of Parasitology and Human Microbiome, Children’s Hospital and Research Institute “Bambino Gesù”, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0668-59-4127 (L.P.)
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Aranceta-Bartrina J, Partearroyo T, López-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM, Varela-Moreiras G, Serra-Majem L, Pérez-Rodrigo C. Updating the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for the Spanish Population: The Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) Proposal. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2675. [PMID: 31694249 PMCID: PMC6893611 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-related risk factors and physical inactivity are among the leading risk factors for disability and are responsible for a large proportion of the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are useful tools for nutrition policies and public health strategies to promote healthier eating and physical activity. In this paper, we discuss the process followed in developing the dietary guidelines for the Spanish population by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) and further explain the collaboration with primary healthcare practitioners as presented in the context of the NUTRIMAD 2018 international congress of SENC. From a health in all policies approach, SENC convened a group of experts in nutrition and public health to review the evidence on diet-health, nutrient intake and food consumption in the Spanish population, as well as food preparation, determinants and impact of diet on environmental sustainability. The collaborative group drafted the document and designed the graphic icon, which was then subject to a consultation process, discussion, and qualitative evaluation. Next, a collaborative group was established to plan a dissemination strategy, involving delegates from all the primary healthcare scientific societies in Spain. A product of this collaboration was the release of an attractive, easy-to-understand publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31009 Navarra, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
- Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional (FIN), 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
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van den Brink AC, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Berendsen AAM, van de Rest O. The Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diets Are Associated with Less Cognitive Decline and a Lower Risk of Alzheimer's Disease-A Review. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:1040-1065. [PMID: 31209456 PMCID: PMC6855954 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As there is currently no cure for dementia, there is an urgent need for preventive strategies. The current review provides an overview of the existing evidence examining the associations of the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets and their dietary components with cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). A systematic search was conducted within Ovid Medline for studies published up to 27 March 2019 and reference lists from existing reviews and select articles were examined to supplement the electronic search results. In total, 56 articles were included. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with better cognitive scores in 9 of 12 cross-sectional studies, 17 of 25 longitudinal studies, and 1 of 3 trials. Higher adherence to the DASH diet was associated with better cognitive function in 1 cross-sectional study, 2 of 5 longitudinal studies, and 1 trial. Higher adherence to the MIND diet was associated with better cognitive scores in 1 cross-sectional study and 2 of 3 longitudinal studies. Evidence on the association of these dietary patterns with dementia in general was limited. However, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of AD in 1 case-control study and 6 of 8 longitudinal studies. Moreover, higher adherence to the DASH or MIND diets was associated with a lower AD risk in 1 longitudinal study. With respect to the components of these dietary patterns, olive oil may be associated with less cognitive decline. In conclusion, current scientific evidence suggests that higher adherence to the Mediterranean, DASH, or MIND diets is associated with less cognitive decline and a lower risk of AD, where the strongest associations are observed for the MIND diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnes A M Berendsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Gubert C, Kong G, Renoir T, Hannan AJ. Exercise, diet and stress as modulators of gut microbiota: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104621. [PMID: 31628992 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed an exponentially growing interest in gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis in health and disease. Accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical research indicate that gut microbiota, and their associated microbiomes, may influence pathogenic processes and thus the onset and progression of various diseases, including neurological and psychiatric disorders. In fact, gut dysbiosis (microbiota dysregulation) has been associated with a range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and motor neuron disease, as well as multiple sclerosis. The gut microbiota constitutes a dynamic microbial system constantly challenged by many biological variables, including environmental factors. Since the gut microbiota constitute a changeable and experience-dependent ecosystem, they provide potential therapeutic targets that can be modulated as new interventions for dysbiosis-related disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the evidence for environmental modulation of gut microbiota and its relevance to brain disorders, exploring in particular the implications for neurodegenerative diseases. We will focus on three major environmental factors that are known to influence the onset and progression of those diseases, namely exercise, diet and stress. Further exploration of environmental modulation, acting via both peripheral (e.g. gut microbiota and associated metabolic dysfunction or 'metabolopathy') and central (e.g. direct effects on CNS neurons and glia) mechanisms, may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches, such as enviromimetics, for a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geraldine Kong
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Peters R, Ee N, Peters J, Beckett N, Booth A, Rockwood K, Anstey KJ. Common risk factors for major noncommunicable disease, a systematic overview of reviews and commentary: the implied potential for targeted risk reduction. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319880392. [PMID: 31662837 PMCID: PMC6794648 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319880392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable disease now contributes to the World Health Organization top 10 causes of death in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Particular examples include stroke, coronary heart disease, dementia and certain cancers. Research linking clinical and lifestyle risk factors to increased risk of noncommunicable disease is now well established with examples of confirmed risk factors, including smoking, physical inactivity, obesity and hypertension. However, despite a need to target our resources to achieve risk reduction, relatively little work has examined the overlap between the risk factors for these main noncommunicable diseases. Our high-level review draws together the evidence in this area. Using a systematic overview of reviews, we demonstrate the likely commonality of established risk factors having an impact on multiple noncommunicable disease outcomes. For example, systematic reviews of the evidence on physical inactivity and poor diet found each to be associated with increased risk of cancers, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus and dementia. We highlight the potential for targeted risk reduction to simultaneously impact multiple noncommunicable disease areas. These relationships now need to be further quantified to allow the most effective development of public health interventions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Peters
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street,
Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, 2031, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW,
Australia
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicole Ee
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW,
Australia
| | | | - Nigel Beckett
- Guys and St Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
- Imperial College London, London, UK
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Paseka RE, Bratt AR, MacNeill KL, Burian A, See CR. Elemental Ratios Link Environmental Change and Human Health. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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