201
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Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota: An Effective Method to Improve Immunity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196076. [PMID: 34641619 PMCID: PMC8512487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial active microorganisms that colonize the human intestines and change the composition of the flora in particular parts of the host. Recently, the use of probiotics to regulate intestinal flora to improve host immunity has received widespread attention. Recent evidence has shown that probiotics play significant roles in gut microbiota composition, which can inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, help the host build a healthy intestinal mucosa protective layer, and enhance the host immune system. Based on the close relationship between the gut microbiota and human immunity, it has become an extremely effective way to improve human immunity by regulating the gut microbiome with probiotics. In this review, we discussed the influence of probiotics on the gut microbiota and human immunity, and the relationship between immunity, probiotics, gut microbiota, and life quality. We further emphasized the regulation of gut microflora through probiotics, thereby enhancing human immunity and improving people’s lives.
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202
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Microbiota and Its Impact on the Immune System in COVID-19-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194537. [PMID: 34640553 PMCID: PMC8509181 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota is of interest for the development of a therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to its impact on the host immune system. Proven communications of the gut microbiota with the pulmonary microbiota (gut-lung axis) and the pathway of neural connections between the gut and brain (gut-brain axis) may be important in the face of the pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 was shown to affect almost all organs because of the presence of a host receptor known as angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The ACE2 receptor is mainly present in the brush border of intestinal enterocytes, ciliary cells, and type II alveolar epithelial cells in the lungs. The transport function of ACE2 has been linked to the ecology of gut microbes in the digestive tract, suggesting that COVID-19 may be related to the gut microbiota. The severity of COVID-19 may be associated with a number of comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and/or old age; therefore, attention is also paid to multiple morbidities and the modulation of microbiota through comorbidities and medications. This paper reviews the research in the context of the state of the intestinal microbiota and its impact on the cells of the immune system during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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203
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Enteric Microbiota-Mediated Serotonergic Signaling in Pathogenesis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910235. [PMID: 34638577 PMCID: PMC8508930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract. Details regarding the pathogenesis of IBS remain largely unknown, though the dysfunction of the brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) axis is a major etiological factor, in which neurotransmitters serve as a key communication tool between enteric microbiota and the brain. One of the most important neurotransmitters in the pathology of IBS is serotonin (5-HT), as it influences gastrointestinal motility, pain sensation, mucosal inflammation, immune responses, and brain activity, all of which shape IBS features. Genome-wide association studies discovered susceptible genes for IBS in serotonergic signaling pathways. In clinical practice, treatment strategies targeting 5-HT were effective for a certain portion of IBS cases. The synthesis of 5-HT in intestinal enterochromaffin cells and host serotonergic signaling is regulated by enteric resident microbiota. Dysbiosis can trigger IBS development, potentially through aberrant 5-HT signaling in the BGM axis; thus, the manipulation of the gut microbiota may be an alternative treatment strategy. However, precise information regarding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-mediated intestinal serotonergic pathway related to the pathogenesis of IBS remains unclear. The present review summarizes current knowledge and recent progress in understanding microbiome–serotonin interaction in IBS cases.
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204
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Huang Q, Xia J. Influence of the gut microbiome on inflammatory and immune response after stroke. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4937-4951. [PMID: 34536154 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Researches on the bidirectional communications between the gut microbiota and brain, termed the gut-brain axis, often bring about discoveries and drive the development of medicine and biology for stroke. Following stroke, the gut-brain axis is perturbed significantly on dysbiotic gut microbiome, intestinal dysfunction, enteric nervous system, increased gut permeability, and activated immune cells in the gut, which in turn results in infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells or bacterial toxins into brain tissue through impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB), finally exacerbated brain infarction. Herein, we illuminate the changes in the immune system and highlight the possible mechanisms of the gut microbiota to regulate inflammatory and immune processes in the context of stroke. We conducted a systematic literatures search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and guideline-specific databases until May 2021 using the following key terms: gut microbiota, stroke, immune, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, China.
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205
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Caldara M, Marmiroli N. Antimicrobial Properties of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics-Possibilities and Implications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090915. [PMID: 34577614 PMCID: PMC8470654 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spreading of antibiotic resistance is responsible annually for over 700,000 deaths worldwide, and the prevision is that this number will increase exponentially. The identification of new antimicrobial treatments is a challenge that requires scientists all over the world to collaborate. Developing new drugs is an extremely long and costly process, but it could be paralleled by drug repositioning. The latter aims at identifying new clinical targets of an “old” drug that has already been tested, approved, and even marketed. This approach is very intriguing as it could reduce costs and speed up approval timelines, since data from preclinical studies and on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity are already available. Antidepressants and antipsychotics have been described to inhibit planktonic and sessile growth of different yeasts and bacteria. The main findings in the field are discussed in this critical review, along with the description of the possible microbial targets of these molecules. Considering their antimicrobial activity, the manuscript highlights important implications that the administration of antidepressants and antipsychotics may have on the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Caldara
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Italian National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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206
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Seely KD, Kotelko CA, Douglas H, Bealer B, Brooks AE. The Human Gut Microbiota: A Key Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9452. [PMID: 34502371 PMCID: PMC8431678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An expanding body of research asserts that the gut microbiota has a role in bone metabolism and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. This review considers the human gut microbiota composition and its role in osteoclastogenesis and the bone healing process, specifically in the case of osteoporosis. Although the natural physiologic processes of bone healing and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and bone disease are now relatively well known, recent literature suggests that a healthy microbiome is tied to bone homeostasis. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying this connection is still somewhat enigmatic. Based on the literature, a relationship between the microbiome, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) is contemplated and explored in this review. Studies have proposed various mechanisms of gut microbiome interaction with osteoclastogenesis and bone health, including micro-RNA, insulin-like growth factor 1, and immune system mediation. However, alterations to the gut microbiome secondary to pharmaceutical and surgical interventions cannot be discounted and are discussed in the context of clinical therapeutic consideration. The literature on probiotics and their mechanisms of action is examined in the context of bone healing. The known and hypothesized interactions of common osteoporosis drugs and the human gut microbiome are examined. Since dysbiosis in the gut microbiota can function as a biomarker of bone metabolic activity, it may also be a pharmacological and nutraceutical (i.e., pre- and probiotics) therapeutic target to promote bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Seely
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (C.A.K.); (H.D.); (B.B.); (A.E.B.)
| | - Cody A. Kotelko
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (C.A.K.); (H.D.); (B.B.); (A.E.B.)
| | - Hannah Douglas
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (C.A.K.); (H.D.); (B.B.); (A.E.B.)
| | - Brandon Bealer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (C.A.K.); (H.D.); (B.B.); (A.E.B.)
| | - Amanda E. Brooks
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (C.A.K.); (H.D.); (B.B.); (A.E.B.)
- Department of Research and Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA
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207
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Zhang X, Liu L, Bai W, Han Y, Hou X. Evolution of Intestinal Microbiota of Asphyxiated Neonates Within 1 Week and Its Relationship With Neural Development at 6 Months. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:690339. [PMID: 34497782 PMCID: PMC8419515 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.690339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Asphyxia is an emergent condition in neonates that may influence the function of the nervous system. Research has shown that intestinal microbiota is very important for neurodevelopment. Studies regarding the association between gut microbiota and neurodevelopment outcome in asphyxiated newborns remain scarce. Objective: To study the microbial characteristics of asphyxiated neonates within 1 week of life and to investigate their relationship with neural development at 6 months. Methods: The feces produced on days 1, 3, and 5, and the clinical data of full-term neonates with asphyxia and without asphyxia, delivered from March 2019 to October 2020 at Peking University First Hospital, were collected. We used 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid amplicon sequencing to detect the intestinal microbiota of asphyxiated neonates and neonates in the control group. We followed up asphyxiated neonates for 6 months and used the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-3 (ASQ-3) to evaluate their development. Results: A total of 45 neonates were enrolled in the study group and 32 were enrolled in the control group. On day 1, the diversity and richness of the microflora of the study group were more than those of the control group. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed significant differences in the microbiota of the two groups on days 1, 3, and 5. At the phylum level, the main microflora of the two groups were not different. At the genus level, the study group had increased relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Lachnoclostridium, Fusicatenibacter, etc. on day 1. On day 3, the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Fusicatenibacter, etc. was still greater than that of the control group, and the relative abundance of Staphylococcus was less than that of the control group. On day 5, the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Lachnoclostridium was still higher than that of the control group, and the relative abundance of Dubosiella in the study group was significantly increased. At the species level, on day 3, the relative abundance of Staphylococcus caprae in the study group was less than that in the control group. Linear discriminant analysis effect size showed that the microbiota of the study group mainly consisted of Lachnospiraceae and Clostridia on day 1 and Clostridia on day 3. In the control group, Staphylococcus was the dominant bacterium on day 3. Neonates in the study group were followed up for 6 months, and the communication score of ASQ-3 was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Clostridia on day 1. Conclusion: The diversity and richness of the microbiota of asphyxiated neonates on the first day of life were significantly increased and mainly consisted of pathogenic flora. Lachnospiraceae and Clostridia found in neonates with asphyxia on day 1 of life may be related to neural development at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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208
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Bonaz B, Lane RD, Oshinsky ML, Kenny PJ, Sinha R, Mayer EA, Critchley HD. Diseases, Disorders, and Comorbidities of Interoception. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:39-51. [PMID: 33378656 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interoception, the sense of the body's internal physiological state, underpins homeostatic reflexes, motivational states, and sensations contributing to emotional experiences. The continuous nature of interoceptive processing, coupled to behavior, is implicated in the neurobiological construction of the sense of self. Aberrant integration and control of interoceptive signals, originating in the brain and/or the periphery, can perturb the whole system. Interoceptive abnormalities are implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and in the symptomatic expression of developmental, neurodegenerative, and neurological disorders. Moreover, interoceptive mechanisms appear central to somatic disorders of brain-body interactions, including functional digestive disorders, chronic pain, and comorbid conditions. The present article provides an overview of disorders of interoception and suggests future directions for better understanding, diagnosis, and management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bonaz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences and Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Richard D Lane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5002, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5002, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5002, USA
| | - Michael L Oshinsky
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Yale Stress Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hugo D Critchley
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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209
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Bondarenko O, Mortimer M, Kahru A, Feliu N, Javed I, Kakinen A, Lin S, Xia T, Song Y, Davis TP, Lynch I, Parak WJ, Leong DT, Ke PC, Chen C, Zhao Y. Nanotoxicology and Nanomedicine: The Yin and Yang of Nano-Bio Interactions for the New Decade. NANO TODAY 2021; 39:101184. [PMID: 36937379 PMCID: PMC10018814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotoxicology and nanomedicine are two sub-disciplines of nanotechnology focusing on the phenomena, mechanisms, and engineering at the nano-bio interface. For the better part of the past three decades, these two disciplines have been largely developing independently of each other. Yet recent breakthroughs in microbiome research and the current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate that holistic approaches are crucial for solving grand challenges in global health. Here we show the Yin and Yang relationship between the two fields by highlighting their shared goals of making safer nanomaterials, improved cellular and organism models, as well as advanced methodologies. We focus on the transferable knowledge between the two fields as nanotoxicological research is moving from pristine to functional nanomaterials, while inorganic nanomaterials - the main subjects of nanotoxicology - have become an emerging source for the development of nanomedicines. We call for a close partnership between the two fields in the new decade, to harness the full potential of nanotechnology for benefiting human health and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesja Bondarenko
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5d, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Neus Feliu
- Fachbereich Physik und Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aleksandr Kakinen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sijie Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI 6511, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang J. Parak
- Fachbereich Physik und Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Address correspondence to: Pu Chun Ke, ; Chunying Chen, ; Yuliang Zhao,
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Address correspondence to: Pu Chun Ke, ; Chunying Chen, ; Yuliang Zhao,
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Address correspondence to: Pu Chun Ke, ; Chunying Chen, ; Yuliang Zhao,
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210
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Tsai CF, Chen MH, Wang YP, Liu PY, Hou MC, Lee FY, Lu CL. Increased risk of short-term depressive disorder after Helicobacter pylori eradication: A population-based nested cohort study. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12824. [PMID: 34117671 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorder is a major psychiatric illness, and a disturbed brain-gut-microbiome axis may contribute to its pathophysiology. Chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections are common in the general population and using multiple antibiotics is required for its eradication, which is associated with gut dysbiosis and may lead to depression. We aimed to evaluate the risk of psychiatrist-diagnosed depression in patients with peptic ulcer diseases (PUD) receiving anti-H. pylori therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan on PUD patients undergoing antibiotic treatment for H. pylori infection; patients and controls were matched for age, sex, income, level of urbanization, and comorbidities. RESULTS Of the 1 million beneficiaries in the NHIRD, we identified 7087 patients for inclusion in the eradication cohort and 7087 matched non-eradication controls with PUD. Antibiotic therapy is associated with a short-term (<30 days) increase in the incidence of psychiatrist-diagnosed depressive disorder (p = 0.009, after multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction) in the eradication cohort compared with the controls. Female (OR: 4.55, 95% CI: 1.53-13.48) PUD patients were more likely to display an increased risk of depression within 30 days after eradication therapy. Clarithromycin use was related to an elevated likelihood (OR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.45-6.80) of subsequent depressive disorder within 30 days after eradication therapy. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic eradication treatment for H. pylori infection is associated with a significant short-term (less than 30 days) increase in the incidence of psychiatrist-diagnosed depressive disorder, which can be overlooked by gastroenterologists and general practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fen Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Wang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenteorlogy, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenteorlogy, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Yauh Lee
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenteorlogy, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Lu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenteorlogy, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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211
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Lapidot Y, Reshef L, Goldsmith R, Na’amnih W, Kassem E, Ornoy A, Gophna U, Muhsen K. The Associations between Diet and Socioeconomic Disparities and the Intestinal Microbiome in Preadolescence. Nutrients 2021; 13:2645. [PMID: 34444813 PMCID: PMC8398108 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome continues to shift and develop throughout youth and could play a pivotal role in health and wellbeing throughout adulthood. Environmental and interpersonal determinants are strong mediators of the intestinal microbiome during the rapid growth period of preadolescence. We aim to delineate associations between the gut microbiome composition, body mass index (BMI), dietary intake and socioeconomic status (SES) in a cohort of ethnically homogenous preadolescents. This cohort included 139 Arab children aged 10-12 years, from varying socioeconomic strata. Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method. The intestinal microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Microbial composition was associated with SES, showing an overrepresentation of Prevotella and Eubacterium in children with lower SES. Higher BMI was associated with lower microbial diversity and altered taxonomic composition, including higher levels of Collinsella, especially among participants from lower SES. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was the strongest predictor of bacterial alterations, including an independent association with Lachnobacterium and Lactobacillus. This study demonstrates that the intestinal microbiome in preadolescents is associated with socioeconomic determinants, BMI and dietary intake, specifically with higher consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, tailored interventions during these crucial years have the potential to improve health disparities throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Lapidot
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, The Sackler Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (Y.L.); (W.N.)
| | - Leah Reshef
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (L.R.); (U.G.)
| | | | - Wasef Na’amnih
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, The Sackler Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (Y.L.); (W.N.)
| | - Eias Kassem
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel;
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel;
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Uri Gophna
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (L.R.); (U.G.)
| | - Khitam Muhsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, The Sackler Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (Y.L.); (W.N.)
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212
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Dey G, Mookherjee S. Probiotics-targeting new milestones from gut health to mental health. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6332281. [PMID: 34329424 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional probiotic food research was primarily focused on their benefits for gut health. Recently with the confirmation that the gut microbiota has a bidirectional connection with the brain, it is being proposed that modification of the microbiota can possibly extirpate neurological diseases. Development of probiotic foods and formulations for neural health benefits has garnered interest, with a renewed focus. In this context, this review discusses the evidences collected on the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of probiotics, especially during the time span of 2015-till now. Although, more clinical trials are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanism of probiotic mode of action but several of the established probiotic strains have been investigated and it appears that few of them have demonstrated their potential as 'psychobiotics'. The formulation of new psychobiotic-based therapeutics is in the spotlight. It is expected that in near future, biological effect of probiotics on neurological conditions will open up an entirely new avenue for personalized medication and healthcare in mental health, and they can be tailored according to the gut-microbiota of specific individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Dey
- School of Biotechnology, Campus 11, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. PIN-751024, India
| | - Sohom Mookherjee
- School of Biotechnology, Campus 11, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. PIN-751024, India.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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213
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Kim N. Sex- and Gender-related Issues of Gut Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2021.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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214
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Birmann PT, Casaril AM, Pesarico AP, Caballero PS, Smaniotto TÂ, Rodrigues RR, Moreira ÂN, Conceição FR, Sousa FSS, Collares T, Seixas FK, França RT, Corcini CD, Savegnago L. Komagataella pastoris KM71H modulates neuroimmune and oxidative stress parameters in animal models of depression: A proposal for a new probiotic with antidepressant-like effect. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105740. [PMID: 34246781 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have suggested that imbalance of the gut microbial composition leads to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes oxidative stress, and this are directly associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Clinical data indicated that the probiotics have positive impacts on the central nervous system and thus may have a key role to treatment of MDD. This study examined the benefits of administration of Komagataella pastoris KM71H (8 log UFC·g-1/animal, intragastric route) in attenuating behavioral, neurochemical, and neuroendocrine changes in animal models of depressive-like behavior induced by repeated restraint stress and lipopolysaccharide (0.83 mg/kg). We demonstrated that pretreatment of mice with this yeast prevented depression-like behavior induced by stress and an inflammatory challenge in mice. We believe that this effect is due to modulation of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, restoration in the mRNA levels of the Nuclear factor kappa B, Interleukin 1β, Interferon γ, and Indoleamine 2 3-dioxygenase, and prevention of oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortices, hippocampi, and intestine of mice and of the decrease the plasma corticosterone levels. Thus, we conclude that K. pastoris KM71H has properties for a new proposal of probiotic with antidepressant-like effect, arising as a promising therapeutic strategy for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma T Birmann
- Technologic Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela M Casaril
- Technologic Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pesarico
- Technologic Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Pamela S Caballero
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Applied Immunology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago  Smaniotto
- Technologic Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Rodrigues
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Applied Immunology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângela N Moreira
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Applied Immunology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio R Conceição
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Applied Immunology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S S Sousa
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K Seixas
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raqueli T França
- Center for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine D Corcini
- Center for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Technologic Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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215
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Composition and diversity of gut microbiota in Pomacea canaliculata in sexes and between developmental stages. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:200. [PMID: 34210255 PMCID: PMC8252327 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, is one of the world’s 100 worst invasive alien species and vector of some pathogens relevant to human health. Methods On account of the importance of gut microbiota to the host animals, we compared the communities of the intestinal microbiota from P. canaliculata collected at different developmental stages (juvenile and adult) and different sexes by using high-throughput sequencing. Results The core bacteria phyla of P. canaliculata gut microbiota included Tenericutes (at an average relative abundance of 45.7 %), Firmicutes (27.85 %), Proteobacteria (11.86 %), Actinobacteria (4.45 %), and Cyanobacteria (3.61 %). The female group possessed the highest richness values, whereas the male group possessed the lowest bacterial richness and diversity compared with the female and juvenile group. Both the developmental stages and sexes had important effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota of P. canaliculata. By LEfSe analysis, microbes from the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were enriched in the female group, phylum Bacteroidetes was enriched in the male group, family Mycoplasmataceae and genus Leuconostoc were enriched in the juvenile group. PICRUSt analysis predicted twenty-four metabolic functions in all samples, including general function prediction, amino acid transport and metabolism, transcription, replication, recombination and repair, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, etc. Conclusions This study provided a general understanding of the diversity characteristics of intestinal microbial communities of P. canaliculata, and indicated that developmental stage and gender could both influence the intestinal microbes of P. canaliculata. Further study may focus on the interaction between the gut microbiota and their host. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02259-2.
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216
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Xu Y, Liu X, Liu X, Chen D, Wang M, Jiang X, Xiong Z. The Roles of the Gut Microbiota and Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Older Adults With Frailty. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:675414. [PMID: 34277468 PMCID: PMC8282182 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.675414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a major public issue that affects the physical health and quality of life of older adults, especially as the population ages. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been speculated to accelerate the aging process as well as the development of age-related diseases such as frailty. Intestinal homeostasis plays a crucial role in healthy aging. The interaction between the microbiome and the host regulates the inflammatory response. Emerging evidence indicates that in older adults with frailty, the diversity and composition structure of gut microbiota are altered. Age-associated changes in gut microbiota composition and in their metabolites contribute to increased gut permeability and imbalances in immune function. In this review, we aim to: identify gut microbiota changes in the aging and frail populations; summarize the role of chronic low-grade inflammation in the development of frailty; and outline how gut microbiota may be related to the pathogenesis of frailty, more specifically, in the regulation of gut-derived chronic inflammation. Although additional research is needed, the regulation of gut microbiota may represent a safe, easy, and inexpensive intervention to counteract the chronic inflammation leading to frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuShuang Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - XiangJie Liu
- Division of Geriatric, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - XiaoXia Liu
- Division of Geriatric, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - MengMeng Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - ZhiFan Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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217
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Habitual Sleep Duration and the Colonic Mucosa-Associated Gut Microbiota in Humans-A Pilot Study. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:387-397. [PMID: 34287254 PMCID: PMC8293063 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the association between the colonic adherent microbiota and nocturnal sleep duration in humans. In a cross-sectional study, 63 polyp-free adults underwent a colonoscopy and donated 206 mucosal biopsies. The gut microbiota was profiled using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V4 region. The sequence reads were processed using UPARSE and DADA2, respectively. Lifestyle factors, including sleep habits, were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. We categorized the participants into short sleepers (<6 h per night; n = 16) and normal sleepers (6–8 h per night; n = 47) based on self-reported data. Differences in bacterial biodiversity and the taxonomic relative abundance were compared between short vs. normal sleepers, followed by multivariable analysis. A false discovery rate-adjusted p value (q value) < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The bacterial community composition differed in short and normal sleepers. The relative abundance of Sutterella was significantly lower (0.38% vs. 1.25%) and that of Pseudomonas was significantly higher (0.14% vs. 0.08%) in short sleepers than in normal sleepers (q values < 0.01). The difference was confirmed in the multivariable analysis. Nocturnal sleep duration was associated with the bacterial community composition and structure in the colonic gut microbiota in adults.
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218
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Rudloff S, Kuntz S, Borsch C, Vazquez E, Buck R, Reutzel M, Eckert GP, Kunz C. Fucose as a Cleavage Product of 2'Fucosyllactose Does Not Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100045. [PMID: 34139057 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE To further examine the role of the human milk oligosaccharide 2'fucosyllactose (2´FL) and fucose (Fuc) in cognition. Using 13 C-labeled 2'FL,thestudy previously showed in mice that 13 C-enrichment of the brain is not caused by 13 C1 -2´FL itself, but rather by microbial metabolites. Here, the study applies 13 C1 -Fuc in the same mouse model to investigate its uptake into the brain. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice received 13 C1 -Fuc via oral gavage (2 mmol 13 C1 -Fuc/kg-1 body weight) or intravenously (0.4 mmol/kg-1 body weight). 13 C-enrichment is measured in organs, including various brain regions, biological fluids and excrements. By EA-IRMS, the study observes an early rise of 13 C-enrichment in plasma, 30 min after oral dosing. However, 13 C-enrichment in the brain does not occur until 3-5 h post-dosing, when the 13 C-Fuc bolus has already reached the lower gut. Therefore, the researcher assume that 13 C-Fuc is absorbed in the upper small intestine but cannot cross the blood-brain barrier which is also observed after intravenous application of 13 C1 -Fuc. CONCLUSIONS Late 13 C-enrichment in the rodent brain may be derived from 13 C1 -Fuc metabolites derived from bacterial fermentation. The precise role that Fuc or 2´FL metabolites might play in gut-brain communication needs to be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rudloff
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Sabine Kuntz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Christian Borsch
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | | | - Rachael Buck
- Discovery R&D, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH, 43219, USA
| | - Martina Reutzel
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Gunter Peter Eckert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Clemens Kunz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
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219
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Bazzocchi G, Turroni S, Bulzamini MC, D'Amico F, Bava A, Castiglioni M, Cagnetta V, Losavio E, Cazzaniga M, Terenghi L, De Palma L, Frasca G, Aiachini B, Cremascoli S, Massone A, Oggerino C, Onesta MP, Rapisarda L, Pagliacci MC, Biscotto S, Scarazzato M, Giovannini T, Balloni M, Candela M, Brigidi P, Kiekens C. Changes in gut microbiota in the acute phase after spinal cord injury correlate with severity of the lesion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12743. [PMID: 34140572 PMCID: PMC8211659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), patients face many physical and psychological issues including intestinal dysfunction and comorbidities, strongly affecting quality of life. The gut microbiota has recently been suggested to influence the course of the disease in these patients. However, to date only two studies have profiled the gut microbiota in SCI patients, months after a traumatic injury. Here we characterized the gut microbiota in a large Italian SCI population, within a short time from a not only traumatic injury. Feces were collected within the first week at the rehabilitation center (no later than 60 days after SCI), and profiled by 16S rRNA gene-based next-generation sequencing. Microbial profiles were compared to those publicly available of healthy age- and gender-matched Italians, and correlated to patient metadata, including type of SCI, spinal unit location, nutrition and concomitant antibiotic therapies. The gut microbiota of SCI patients shows distinct dysbiotic signatures, i.e. increase in potentially pathogenic, pro-inflammatory and mucus-degrading bacteria, and depletion of short-chain fatty acid producers. While robust to most host variables, such dysbiosis varies by lesion level and completeness, with the most neurologically impaired patients showing an even more unbalanced microbial profile. The SCI-related gut microbiome dysbiosis is very likely secondary to injury and closely related to the degree of completeness and severity of the lesion, regardless of etiology and time interval. This microbial layout could variously contribute to increased gut permeability and inflammation, potentially predisposing patients to the onset of severe comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bazzocchi
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, via Montecatone 37, 40026, Imola, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Federica D'Amico
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mimosa Balloni
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, via Montecatone 37, 40026, Imola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotte Kiekens
- Spinal Unit, Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Bologna, Italy
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220
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Hua Y, Guo S, Xie H, Zhu Y, Yan H, Tao WW, Shang EX, Qian DW, Duan JA. Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou Seed Ameliorates Insomnia in Rats by Regulating Metabolomics and Intestinal Flora Composition. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653767. [PMID: 34220499 PMCID: PMC8241942 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou (ZSS) is often used as a traditional Chinese medicine for insomnia due to its sedative and hypnotic effects, but the mechanism underlying this effect has not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, an insomnia model induced by intraperitoneal injection of DL-4-chlorophenylalanine suspension in Sprague-Dawley rats was adopted to investigate the therapeutic effect of ZSS extract. Metabolomics analyses of plasma and urine as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the intestinal flora were performed. The relationships between the plasma and urine metabolites and the intestinal flora in insomnia rats were also analyzed. The results showed that changes in plasma and urine metabolites caused by insomnia were reversed after administration of ZSS, and these changes were mainly related to amino acid metabolism, especially phenylalanine metabolism. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and short-chain fatty acid determination showed that the ZSS extract could reverse the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by insomnia and increase the contents of SCFAs in feces. All of these improvements are mainly related to the regulation of inflammation. Therefore, it is concluded that insomnia, which alters metabolic profiles and the intestinal flora, could be alleviated effectively by ZSS extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng Guo
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin-ao Duan
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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221
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Danehower S. Targeting gut dysbiosis as a means to enhance recovery from surgical brain injury. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:210. [PMID: 34084637 PMCID: PMC8168676 DOI: 10.25259/sni_72_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical brain injury (SBI) impacts roughly 800,000 people who undergo neurosurgical procedures each year. SBI is the result of unavoidable parenchymal damage, vessel disruption, and thermal injury that is an inherent part of all neurosurgical procedures. Clinically, SBI has been associated with postoperative seizures and long-term neurobehavioral deficits. Current therapies are aimed at providing symptom relief by reducing swelling and preventing seizures. However, there are no therapies aimed at reducing the extent of SBI preoperatively. The microbiome-gut-brain axis may serve as a potential target for the development of new preventative therapies due to its extensive involvement in central nervous system function. Methods An extensive literature review was conducted to determine whether there is a potential role for dysbiosis treatment in reducing the extent of SBI. Results Treatment of gut dysbiosis deserves further exploration as a potential means of reducing the extent of unavoidable SBI. Dysbiosis has been correlated with increased neuroinflammation through impaired immune regulation, increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and increased production of reactive metabolites. Recently, dysbiosis has also been linked to acute neurological dysfunction in the postoperative state. Importantly, treatment of dysbiosis has been correlated with better patient outcomes and decreased length of stay in surgical patients. Conclusion Current literature supports the role of dysbiosis treatment in the preoperative setting as a means of optimizing neurological recovery following unavoidable SBI that results from all neurosurgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Danehower
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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222
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Zhu Z, Jiang W, Li W, Zhang J, Lv X, Lu C, Chen H, Li H, Xie H, Tang J, Du C, Chen G, Geng Q, Tang W. Risk factors for the occurrence and recurrence of acute cerebellar ataxia: a retrospective observational study. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:1067-1070. [PMID: 34089111 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is little evidence to support a correlation between abdominal surgery and acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA). We reviewed the records of children with ACA treated at our institution to analyze risk factors for ACA. METHODS Clinical data of 442 children with ACA treated at Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between November 2015 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine risk factors for the occurrence and recurrence of ACA. RESULTS In total, 442 children with ACA were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed age (p = 0.009), infection (p < 0.001), vaccination (p < 0.001), head trauma (p < 0.001), intussusception surgery (IS) (p < 0.001), operation for indirect inguinal hernia (p < 0.001), and operation for congenital gastrointestinal malformation (p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for ACA occurrence. Univariate analysis showed that only IS (p < 0.001) was associated with ACA recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Surgeons should be aware that age, infection, vaccination, head trauma, and history of abdominal surgery are associated with ACA, while IS is a risk factor for ACA recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxian Zhu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lv
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Changgui Lu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chunxia Du
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guanglin Chen
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qiming Geng
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weibing Tang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Bhargava A, Arnold AP, Bangasser DA, Denton KM, Gupta A, Hilliard Krause LM, Mayer EA, McCarthy M, Miller WL, Raznahan A, Verma R. Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Basic and Clinical Studies: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:219-258. [PMID: 33704446 PMCID: PMC8348944 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In May 2014, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) stated its intent to "require applicants to consider sex as a biological variable (SABV) in the design and analysis of NIH-funded research involving animals and cells." Since then, proposed research plans that include animals routinely state that both sexes/genders will be used; however, in many instances, researchers and reviewers are at a loss about the issue of sex differences. Moreover, the terms sex and gender are used interchangeably by many researchers, further complicating the issue. In addition, the sex or gender of the researcher might influence study outcomes, especially those concerning behavioral studies, in both animals and humans. The act of observation may change the outcome (the "observer effect") and any experimental manipulation, no matter how well-controlled, is subject to it. This is nowhere more applicable than in physiology and behavior. The sex of established cultured cell lines is another issue, in addition to aneuploidy; chromosomal numbers can change as cells are passaged. Additionally, culture medium contains steroids, growth hormone, and insulin that might influence expression of various genes. These issues often are not taken into account, determined, or even considered. Issues pertaining to the "sex" of cultured cells are beyond the scope of this Statement. However, we will discuss the factors that influence sex and gender in both basic research (that using animal models) and clinical research (that involving human subjects), as well as in some areas of science where sex differences are routinely studied. Sex differences in baseline physiology and associated mechanisms form the foundation for understanding sex differences in diseases pathology, treatments, and outcomes. The purpose of this Statement is to highlight lessons learned, caveats, and what to consider when evaluating data pertaining to sex differences, using 3 areas of research as examples; it is not intended to serve as a guideline for research design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bhargava
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arthur P Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Debra A Bangasser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kate M Denton
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arpana Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucinda M Hilliard Krause
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Walter L Miller
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ragini Verma
- Diffusion and Connectomics In Precision Healthcare Research (DiCIPHR) lab, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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224
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Coley EJ, Mayer EA, Osadchiy V, Chen Z, Subramanyam V, Zhang Y, Hsiao EY, Gao K, Bhatt R, Dong T, Vora P, Naliboff B, Jacobs JP, Gupta A. Early life adversity predicts brain-gut alterations associated with increased stress and mood. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100348. [PMID: 34113697 PMCID: PMC8170500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the brain-gut system have been implicated in various disease states, but little is known about how early-life adversity (ELA) impacts development and adult health as mediated by brain-gut interactions. We hypothesize that ELA disrupts components of the brain-gut system, thereby increasing susceptibility to disordered mood. In a sample of 128 healthy adult participants, a history of ELA and current stress, depression, and anxiety were assessed using validated questionnaires. Fecal metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic profiling. Functional brain connectivity was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Sparse partial least squares-discriminant analysis, controlling for sex, body mass index, age, and diet was used to predict brain-gut alterations as a function of ELA. ELA was correlated with four gut-regulated metabolites within the glutamate pathway (5-oxoproline, malate, urate, and glutamate gamma methyl ester) and alterations in functional brain connectivity within primarily sensorimotor, salience, and central executive networks. Integrated analyses revealed significant associations between these metabolites, functional brain connectivity, and scores for perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. This study reveals a novel association between a history of ELA, alterations in the brain-gut axis, and increased vulnerability to negative mood and stress. Results from the study raise the hypothesis that select gut-regulated metabolites may contribute to the adverse effects of critical period stress on neural development via pathways related to glutamatergic excitotoxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena J.L. Coley
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, CA, USA,UCLA Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Osadchiy
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zixi Chen
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Vishvak Subramanyam
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yurui Zhang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Elaine Y. Hsiao
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,UCLA Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kan Gao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Ravi Bhatt
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tien Dong
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, CA, USA,UCLA Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Priten Vora
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bruce Naliboff
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Jacobs
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, CA, USA,UCLA Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arpana Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, CA, USA,UCLA Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding author. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA CHS, 42-210 MC737818 10833 Le Conte Avenue, USA.
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225
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Liu C, Du MX, Abuduaini R, Yu HY, Li DH, Wang YJ, Zhou N, Jiang MZ, Niu PX, Han SS, Chen HH, Shi WY, Wu L, Xin YH, Ma J, Zhou Y, Jiang CY, Liu HW, Liu SJ. Enlightening the taxonomy darkness of human gut microbiomes with a cultured biobank. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:119. [PMID: 34020714 PMCID: PMC8140505 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In gut microbiome studies, the cultured gut microbial resource plays essential roles, such as helping to unravel gut microbial functions and host-microbe interactions. Although several major studies have been performed to elucidate the cultured human gut microbiota, up to 70% of the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Genome species have not been cultured to date. Large-scale gut microbial isolation and identification as well as availability to the public are imperative for gut microbial studies and further characterizing human gut microbial functions. RESULTS In this study, we constructed a human Gut Microbial Biobank (hGMB; homepage: hgmb.nmdc.cn ) through the cultivation of 10,558 isolates from 31 sample mixtures of 239 fresh fecal samples from healthy Chinese volunteers, and deposited 1170 strains representing 400 different species in culture collections of the International Depository Authority for long-term preservation and public access worldwide. Following the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, 102 new species were characterized and denominated, while 28 new genera and 3 new families were proposed. hGMB represented over 80% of the common and dominant human gut microbial genera and species characterized from global human gut 16S rRNA gene amplicon data (n = 11,647) and cultured 24 "most-wanted" and "medium priority" taxa proposed by the Human Microbiome Project. We in total sequenced 115 genomes representing 102 novel taxa and 13 previously known species. Further in silico analysis revealed that the newly sequenced hGMB genomes represented 22 previously uncultured species in the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Genome (UHGG) and contributed 24 representatives of potentially "dark taxa" that had not been discovered by UHGG. The nonredundant gene catalogs generated from the hGMB genomes covered over 50% of the functionally known genes (KEGG orthologs) in the largest global human gut gene catalogs and approximately 10% of the "most wanted" functionally unknown proteins in the FUnkFams database. CONCLUSIONS A publicly accessible human Gut Microbial Biobank (hGMB) was established that contained 1170 strains and represents 400 human gut microbial species. hGMB expands the gut microbial resources and genomic repository by adding 102 novel species, 28 new genera, 3 new families, and 115 new genomes of human gut microbes. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
- Environmental Microbiology Research Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Meng-Xuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Rexiding Abuduaini
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai-Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Dan-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Environmental Microbiology Research Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yu-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Environmental Microbiology Research Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Min-Zhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Peng-Xia Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Environmental Microbiology Research Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shan-Shan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Hong-He Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Environmental Microbiology Research Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wen-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Microbial Resources and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Linhuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Microbial Resources and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yu-Hua Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- China General Microorganism Culture Collection, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Juncai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Microbial Resources and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- China General Microorganism Culture Collection, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- Environmental Microbiology Research Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong-Wei Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
- Environmental Microbiology Research Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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226
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Margolis KG, Cryan JF, Mayer EA. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: From Motility to Mood. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1486-1501. [PMID: 33493503 PMCID: PMC8634751 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence signaling along this axis, modulating the function of both the enteric and central nervous systems. More recently the role of the microbiome as an important factor in modulating gut-brain signaling has emerged and the concept of a microbiota-gut-brain axis has been established. In this review, we highlight the role of this axis in modulating enteric and central nervous system function and how this may impact disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and disorders of mood and affect. We examine the overlapping biological constructs that underpin these disorders with a special emphasis on the neurotransmitter serotonin, which plays a key role in both the gastrointestinal tract and in the brain. Overall, it is clear that although animal studies have shown much promise, more progress is necessary before these findings can be translated for diagnostic and therapeutic benefit in patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara G. Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,Corresponding author:
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vachte and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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227
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Valeri F, Endres K. How biological sex of the host shapes its gut microbiota. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 61:100912. [PMID: 33713673 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex system, consisting of a dynamic population of microorganisms, involved in the regulation of the host's homeostasis. A vast number of factors are driving the gut microbiota composition including diet, antibiotics, environment, and lifestyle. However, in the past decade, a growing number of studies also focused on the role of sex in relationship to changes in the gut microbiota composition in animal experiments as well as in human beings. Despite the progress in investigation techniques, still little is known about the mechanism behind the observed sex-related differences. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on the sex-dependent differences of the intestinal commensals and discuss the probable direct impact of sex hormones and more indirect effects such as dietary habits or antibiotics. While we have to conclude limited data on specific developmental stages, a clear role for sexual hormones and most probably for testosterone emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Valeri
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany.
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228
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Sasson AN, Ananthakrishnan AN, Raman M. Diet in Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:425-435.e3. [PMID: 31812656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been an alarming increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) worldwide over the past several decades. The pathogenesis of IBD involves genetic and environmental factors. Diet is a potentially modifiable environmental risk factor for IBD onset and severity. Diet can promote intestinal inflammation by dysregulating the immune system, altering intestinal permeability and the mucous layer, contributing to microbial dysbiosis, and other mechanisms. Dietary changes therefore might be incorporated into therapeutic strategies for IBD. Enteral nutrition is effective in the treatment of pediatric patients with luminal Crohn's disease, but there have been few studies of the effects of dietary interventions with whole foods-most of these have been studies of exclusion diets in patients with Crohn's disease. We review findings from studies of the effects of dietary patterns, single micronutrients, and food additives in inducing and maintaining remission in patients with IBD. We discuss future directions for research and propose a framework for studies of dietary interventions in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa N Sasson
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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229
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Kong N, Gao C, Xu M, Gao X. Changes in the anterior cingulate cortex in Crohn's disease: A neuroimaging perspective. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02003. [PMID: 33314765 PMCID: PMC7994700 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests that Crohn's disease (CD) pathophysiology goes beyond the gastrointestinal tract and is also strongly associated with the brain. In particular, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which plays an integral role in the first brain as part of the default mode network (DMN) and pain matrix, shows abnormalities using multiple neuroimaging modalities. This review summarizes nine related studies that investigated changes in the ACC using structural magnetic resonance imaging, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS An extensive PubMed literature search was conducted from 1980 to August 2020. In a review of the articles identified, particular attention was paid to analysis methods, technical protocol characteristics, and specific changes in the ACC. RESULTS In terms of morphology, a decrease in gray matter volume and cortical thickness was observed along with an increase in local gyrification index. In terms of function, functional connectivity (FC) within the DMN was increased. FC between the ACC and the amygdala was decreased. Higher amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation and graph theory results, including connectivity strength, clustering coefficient, and local efficiency, were detected. In terms of neurotransmitter changes, the concentrations of glutamate increased along with a decrease in gamma-aminobutyric acid, providing a rational explanation for abdominal pain. These changes may be attributed to stress, pain, and negative emotions, as well as changes in gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS For patients with CD, the ACC demonstrates structural, functional, and metabolic changes. In terms of clinical findings, the ACC plays an important role in the onset of depression/anxiety and abdominal pain. Therefore, successful modulation of this pathway may guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Gao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maosheng Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuning Gao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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230
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Brain-Gut-Microbiome Interactions and Intermittent Fasting in Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020584. [PMID: 33578763 PMCID: PMC7916460 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic and its metabolic consequences are a major public health problem both in the USA and globally. While the underlying causes are multifactorial, dysregulations within the brain–gut–microbiome (BGM) system play a central role. Normal eating behavior is coordinated by the tightly regulated balance between intestinal, extraintestinal and central homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms, resulting in stable body weight. The ubiquitous availability and marketing of inexpensive, highly palatable and calorie-dense food has played a crucial role in shifting this balance towards hedonic eating through both central (disruptions in dopaminergic signaling) and intestinal (vagal afferent function, metabolic toxemia, systemic immune activation, changes to gut microbiome and metabolome) mechanisms. The balance between homeostatic and hedonic eating behaviors is not only influenced by the amount and composition of the diet, but also by the timing and rhythmicity of food ingestion. Circadian rhythmicity affects both eating behavior and multiple gut functions, as well as the composition and interactions of the microbiome with the gut. Profound preclinical effects of intermittent fasting and time restricted eating on the gut microbiome and on host metabolism, mostly demonstrated in animal models and in a limited number of controlled human trials, have been reported. In this Review, we will discuss the effects of time-restricted eating on the BGM and review the promising effects of this eating pattern in obesity treatment.
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231
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Nelson JW, Phillips SC, Ganesh BP, Petrosino JF, Durgan DJ, Bryan RM. The gut microbiome contributes to blood-brain barrier disruption in spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21201. [PMID: 33496989 PMCID: PMC8238036 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001117r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, it has become apparent that the gut microbiome can influence the functioning and pathological states of organs and systems throughout the body. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the gut microbiome has a major role in the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats (SHRSP), an animal model for hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Loss of BBB is thought to be an early and initiating component to the full expression of CSVD in animal models and humans. To test this hypothesis, newly born SHRSP pups were placed with foster dams of the SHRSP strain or dams of the WKY strain, the control strain that does not demonstrate BBB dysfunction or develop hypertensive CSVD. Similarly, WKY pups were placed with foster dams of the same or opposite strain. The rationale for cross fostering is that the gut microbiomes are shaped by environmental bacteria of the foster dam and the nesting surroundings. Analysis of the bacterial genera in feces, using 16S rRNA analysis, demonstrated that the gut microbiome in the rat pups was influenced by the foster dam. SHRSP offspring fostered on WKY dams had systolic blood pressures (SBPs) that were significantly decreased by 26 mmHg (P < .001) from 16-20 weeks, compared to SHRSP offspring fostered on SHRSP dams. Similarly WKY offspring fostered on SHRSP dams had significantly increased SBP compared to WKY offspring fostered on WKY dams, although the magnitude of SBP change was not as robust. At ~20 weeks of age, rats fostered on SHRSP dams showed enhanced inflammation in distal ileum regardless of the strain of the offspring. Disruption of BBB integrity, an early marker of CSVD onset, was improved in SHRSPs that were fostered on WKY dams when compared to the SHRSP rats fostered on SHRSP dams. Although SHRSP is a genetic model for CSVD, environmental factors such as the gut microbiota of the foster dam have a major influence in the loss of BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Integrated Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharon C. Phillips
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bhanu P. Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph F. Petrosino
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David J. Durgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert M. Bryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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232
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Qi M, Tan B, Wang J, Liao S, Deng Y, Ji P, Song T, Zha A, Yin Y. The microbiota-gut-brain axis: A novel nutritional therapeutic target for growth retardation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4867-4892. [PMID: 33523720 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growth retardation (GR), which commonly occurs in childhood, is a major health concern globally. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. It has been increasingly recognized that changes in the gut microbiota may lead to GR through affecting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Microbiota interacts with multiple factors such as birth to affect the growth of individuals. Microbiota communicates with the nerve system through chemical signaling (direct entry into the circulation system or stimulation of enteroendocrine cells) and nervous signaling (interaction with enteric nerve system and vagus nerve), which modulates appetite and immune response. Besides, they may also influence the function of enteric glial cells or lymphocytes and levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines. Environmental stress may cause leaky gut through perturbing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to further result in GR. Nutritional therapies involving probiotics and pre-/postbiotics are being investigated for helping the patients to overcome GR. In this review, we summarize the role of microbiota in GR with human and animal models. Then, existing and potential regulatory mechanisms are reviewed, especially the effect of microbiota-gut-brain axis. Finally, we propose nutritional therapeutic strategies for GR by the intervention of microbiota-gut-brain axis, which may provide novel perspectives for the treatment of GR in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Simeng Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuankun Deng
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Tongxing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Andong Zha
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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233
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Lv L, Jiang H, Chen Y, Gu S, Xia J, Zhang H, Lu Y, Yan R, Li L. The faecal metabolome in COVID-19 patients is altered and associated with clinical features and gut microbes. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1152:338267. [PMID: 33648648 PMCID: PMC7847702 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although SARS-CoV-2 can invade the intestine, though its effect on digestion and absorption is not fully understood. In the present study, 56 COVID-19 patients and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were divided into a discovery cohort and a validation cohort. Blood, faeces and clinical information were collected from the patients in the hospital and at discharge. The faecal metabolome was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and Spearman’s correlation analyses of clinical features, the serum metabolome, and the faecal micro- and mycobiota were conducted. The results showed that, the faeces of COVID-19 patients were enriched with important nutrients that should be metabolized or absorbed, such as sucrose and 2-palmitoyl-glycerol; diet-related components that cannot be synthesized by humans, such as 1,5-anhydroglucitol and D-pinitol; and harmful metabolites, such as oxalate, were also detected. In contrast, purine metabolites such as deoxyinosine and hypoxanthine, low-water-soluble long-chain fatty alcohols/acids such as behenic acid, compounds rarely occurring in nature such as D-allose and D-arabinose, and microbe-related compounds such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol were depleted in the faeces of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, these metabolites significantly correlated with altered serum metabolites such as oxalate and gut microbesincluding Ruminococcaceae, Actinomyces, Sphingomonas and Aspergillus. Although levels of several faecal metabolites, such as sucrose, 1,5-anhydroglucitol and D-pinitol, of discharged patients were not different from those of healthy controls (HCs), those of oxalate and 2-palmitoyl-glycerol did differ. Therefore, alterations in the faecal metabolome of COVID-19 patients may reflect malnutrition and intestinal inflammation and warrant greater attention. The results of present study provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Silan Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
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234
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The Association between Early-Life Gut Microbiota and Long-Term Health and Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030459. [PMID: 33504109 PMCID: PMC7865818 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life gut microbiota have been increasingly recognized as major contributors to short and/or long-term human health and diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated that human gut microbial colonization begins at birth, but continues to develop a succession of taxonomic abundances for two to three years until the gut microbiota reaches adult-like diversity and proportions. Several factors, including gestational age (GA), delivery mode, birth weight, feeding types, antibiotic exposure, maternal microbiome, and diet, influence the diversity, abundance, and function of early life gut microbiota. Gut microbial life is essential for assisting with the digestion of food substances to release nutrients, exerting control over pathogens, stimulating or modulating the immune system, and influencing many systems such as the liver, brain, and endocrine system. Microbial metabolites play multiple roles in these interactions. Furthermore, studies provide evidence supporting that imbalances of the gut microbiota in early life, referred to as dysbiosis, are associated with specific childhood or adult disease outcomes, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, diabetes, allergic diseases, obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and neurological disorders. These findings support that the human gut microbiota may play a fundamental role in the risk of acquiring diseases that may be programmed during early life. In fact, it is critical to explore the role of the human gut microbiota in early life.
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235
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Ge Y, Wang X, Guo Y, Yan J, Abuduwaili A, Aximujiang K, Yan J, Wu M. Gut microbiota influence tumor development and Alter interactions with the human immune system. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:42. [PMID: 33494784 PMCID: PMC7829621 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent scientific advances have greatly enhanced our understanding of the complex link between the gut microbiome and cancer. Gut dysbiosis is an imbalance between commensal and pathogenic bacteria and the production of microbial antigens and metabolites. The immune system and the gut microbiome interact to maintain homeostasis of the gut, and alterations in the microbiome composition lead to immune dysregulation, promoting chronic inflammation and development of tumors. Gut microorganisms and their toxic metabolites may migrate to other parts of the body via the circulatory system, causing an imbalance in the physiological status of the host and secretion of various neuroactive molecules through the gut-brain axis, gut-hepatic axis, and gut-lung axis to affect inflammation and tumorigenesis in specific organs. Thus, gut microbiota can be used as a tumor marker and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Ge
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Basic School of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yali Guo
- Basic School of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junting Yan
- Basic School of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Aliya Abuduwaili
- Basic School of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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236
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Verediano TA, Viana ML, das G.V. Tostes M, Costa NM. The Potential Prebiotic Effects of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) in Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200605160433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Colorectal cancer is caused by genetic predisposition and lifestyle risk factors
and is associated with altered homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota. Evidence suggests that
chronic infection and inflammation contribute to carcinogenic mutagenesis and promote cancer initiation
and progression. Food components with prebiotic properties, such as fructooligosaccharides
(FOS), promote intestinal integrity and health benefits. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is an abundant
source of FOS, which are fermented by beneficial bacteria, improving the intestinal environment
affected by colorectal cancer.
Objective:
In the current review, the aim was to discuss colorectal cancer and its inflammatory process
of development. Also, some general aspects concerning yacon roots and its prebiotic properties
are described. Finely, the beneficial effects of yacon to reduce intestinal parameters altered due to
colorectal cancer are summarized.
Conclusion:
It was verified that yacon might improve immunological parameters, intestinal barrier,
intestinal microbiota, and inflammation in induced colorectal cancer in animals, especially. Researches
with humans must be further investigated to prove these positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaísa A. Verediano
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre-ES, Brazil
| | - Mirelle L. Viana
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact Natural And Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre-ES, Brazil
| | - Maria das G.V. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact Natural And Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre-ES, Brazil
| | - Neuza M.B. Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact Natural And Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre-ES, Brazil
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237
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Zhang B, Wang HE, Bai YM, Tsai SJ, Su TP, Chen TJ, Wang YP, Chen MH. Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with higher dementia risk: a nationwide longitudinal study. Gut 2021; 70:85-91. [PMID: 32576641 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence supports reciprocal communication between the enteric and the central nervous system in disease, termed the 'gut-brain axis'. Recent findings suggest a connection between IBD and development of Parkinson's disease. The role of IBD in dementia, another insidious neurodegenerative disorder, has not been explored. DESIGN Using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database, we performed comparative analysis of 1742 patients with IBD ≥45 years old against 17 420 controls to assess dementia risk following IBD diagnosis. Controls were matched on bases of sex, access to healthcare, income and dementia-related comorbidities. All individuals were followed for dementia diagnosis for up to 16 years. Subanalyses included the relationship between sex, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), and dementia risk. RESULTS Overall incidence of dementia among patients with IBD was significantly elevated (5.5% vs 1.4% among controls). Patients with IBD were diagnosed with dementia at 76.24 years old on average, compared with 83.45 among controls. The HR of developing dementia among patients with IBD was 2.54 (95% CI 1.91 to 3.37). Among dementia types, the risk of developing Alzheimer's dementia demonstrated the greatest increase. Dementia risk did not differ between sex differences nor UC versus CD. CONCLUSION This population-based cohort study demonstrates significant association between IBD and subsequent development of dementia. Dementia was diagnosed at an earlier age among patients with IBD, and disease risk appeared to increase with IBD chronicity. These findings highlight the need for future research to elucidate the relationship between IBD and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Div Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hohui E Wang
- Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Wang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Div Gastroenterology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Endoscopy Center For Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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238
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Samanta S. Potential Impacts of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Cancer Prevention. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 22:605-628. [PMID: 33305713 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621999201210220442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a serious problem throughout the world. The pathophysiology of cancer is multifactorial and is also related to gut microbiota. Intestinal microbes are the useful resident of the healthy human. They play various aspects of human health including nutritional biotransformation, flushing of the pathogens, toxin neutralization, immune response, and onco-suppression. Disruption in the interactions among the gut microbiota, intestinal epithelium, and the host immune system are associated with gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp.) have been regarded as beneficial to health and shown to play a significant role in immunomodulation and displayed preventive role against obesity, diabetes, liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, tumor progression, and cancer. OBJECTIVE The involvement of gut microorganisms in cancer development and prevention has been recognized as a balancing factor. The events of dysbiosis emphasize metabolic disorder and carcinogenesis. The gut flora potentiates immunomodulation and minimizes the limitations of usual chemotherapy. The significant role of prebiotics and probiotics on the improvement of immunomodulation and antitumor properties has been considered. METHODS I had reviewed the literature on the multidimensional activities of prebiotics and probiotics from the NCBI website database PubMed, Springer Nature, Science Direct (Elsevier), Google Scholar database to search relevant articles. Specifically, I had focused on the role of prebiotics and probiotics in immunomodulation and cancer prevention. RESULTS Prebiotics are the nondigestible fermentable sugars that selectively influence the growth of probiotic organisms that exert immunomodulation over the cancerous growth. The oncostatic properties of bacteria are mediated through the recruitment of cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, approaches have also been taken to use probiotics as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. CONCLUSION The present review has indicated that dysbiosis is the crucial factor in many pathological situations including cancer. Applications of prebiotics and probiotics exhibit the immune-surveillance as oncostatic effects. These events increase the possibilities of new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, Paschim Medinipur, 721101, West Bengal,. India
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239
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Moon J, Ryu JS, Kim JY, Im SH, Kim MK. Effect of IRT5 probiotics on dry eye in the experimental dry eye mouse model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243176. [PMID: 33259525 PMCID: PMC7707591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical effects of IRT5 probiotics in the environmental dry eye model. Methods Eight week old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups; control group (n = 16) received oral gavage of 300 μL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) alone once daily, IRT5 group (n = 9) received oral gavage of 1 x 109 CFU IRT5 probiotics powder in 300 μL PBS once daily, both groups for 11 to 12 days. Simultaneously, all mice underwent dry eye induction. Tear secretion, corneal staining and conjunctival goblet cell density were evaluated. Quantative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for inflammation-related markers was performed. 16S ribosomal RNA of fecal microbiome was analyzed and compositional difference, alpha and beta diversities were assessed. Results There was no difference in NEI score but significant increase in tear secretion was observed in IRT5 group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in goblet cell density between groups. Quantative RT-PCR of cornea and conjunctiva revealed increased TNF-α expression in IRT5 group (p < 0.001) whereas other markers did not significantly differ from control. IRT5 group had significantly increased species diversity by Shannon index (p = 0.041). Beta diversity of genus by UniFrac principle coordinates analysis showed significant distance between groups (p = 0.001). Compositional differences between groups were observed and some were significantly associated with tear secretion. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed Christensenellaceae (p = 0.009), Lactobacillus Helveticus group (p = 0.002) and PAC001797_s (p = 0.011) to strongly influence tear secretion. Conclusion In experimental dry eye model, IRT5 probiotics treatment partially improves experimental dry eye by increasing tear secretion which was associated with and influenced by the change in intestinal microbiome. Also, intestinal microbiome may affect the lacrimal gland through a different mechanism other than regulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoon Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeop Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc. POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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240
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Osadchiy V, Mayer EA, Gao K, Labus JS, Naliboff B, Tillisch K, Chang L, Jacobs JP, Hsiao EY, Gupta A. Analysis of brain networks and fecal metabolites reveals brain-gut alterations in premenopausal females with irritable bowel syndrome. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:367. [PMID: 33139708 PMCID: PMC7608552 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) interactions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Here, we apply a systems biology approach, leveraging neuroimaging and fecal metabolite data, to characterize BGM interactions that are driving IBS pathophysiology. Fecal samples and resting state fMRI images were obtained from 138 female subjects (99 IBS, 39 healthy controls (HCs)). Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was conducted to explore group differences, and partial correlation analysis explored significantly changed metabolites and neuroimaging data. All correlational tests were performed controlling for age, body mass index, and diet; results are reported after FDR correction, with q < 0.05 as significant. Compared to HCs, IBS showed increased connectivity of the putamen with regions of the default mode and somatosensory networks. Metabolite pathways involved in nucleic acid and amino acid metabolism differentiated the two groups. Only a subset of metabolites, primarily amino acids, were associated with IBS-specific brain changes, including tryptophan, glutamate, and histidine. Histidine was the only metabolite positively associated with both IBS-specific alterations in brain connectivity. Our findings suggest a role for several amino acid metabolites in modulating brain function in IBS. These metabolites may alter brain connectivity directly, by crossing the blood-brain-barrier, or indirectly through peripheral mechanisms. This is the first study to integrate both neuroimaging and fecal metabolite data supporting the BGM model of IBS, building the foundation for future mechanistic studies on the influence of gut microbial metabolites on brain function in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Osadchiy
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Microbiome Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kan Gao
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Naliboff
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten Tillisch
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Microbiome Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Microbiome Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Y Hsiao
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arpana Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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241
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Maturation of the gut microbiome during the first year of life contributes to the protective farm effect on childhood asthma. Nat Med 2020; 26:1766-1775. [PMID: 33139948 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Growing up on a farm is associated with an asthma-protective effect, but the mechanisms underlying this effect are largely unknown. In the Protection against Allergy: Study in Rural Environments (PASTURE) birth cohort, we modeled maturation using 16S rRNA sequence data of the human gut microbiome in infants from 2 to 12 months of age. The estimated microbiome age (EMA) in 12-month-old infants was associated with previous farm exposure (β = 0.27 (0.12-0.43), P = 0.001, n = 618) and reduced risk of asthma at school age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.72 (0.56-0.93), P = 0.011). EMA mediated the protective farm effect by 19%. In a nested case-control sample (n = 138), we found inverse associations of asthma with the measured level of fecal butyrate (OR = 0.28 (0.09-0.91), P = 0.034), bacterial taxa that predict butyrate production (OR = 0.38 (0.17-0.84), P = 0.017) and the relative abundance of the gene encoding butyryl-coenzyme A (CoA):acetate-CoA-transferase, a major enzyme in butyrate metabolism (OR = 0.43 (0.19-0.97), P = 0.042). The gut microbiome may contribute to asthma protection through metabolites, supporting the concept of a gut-lung axis in humans.
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242
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Gupta A, Osadchiy V, Mayer EA. Brain-gut-microbiome interactions in obesity and food addiction. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:655-672. [PMID: 32855515 PMCID: PMC7841622 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Normal eating behaviour is coordinated by the tightly regulated balance between intestinal and extra-intestinal homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. By contrast, food addiction is a complex, maladaptive eating behaviour that reflects alterations in brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) interactions and a shift of this balance towards hedonic mechanisms. Each component of the BGM axis has been implicated in the development of food addiction, with both brain to gut and gut to brain signalling playing a role. Early-life influences can prime the infant gut microbiome and brain for food addiction, which might be further reinforced by increased antibiotic usage and dietary patterns throughout adulthood. The ubiquitous availability and marketing of inexpensive, highly palatable and calorie-dense food can further shift this balance towards hedonic eating through both central (disruptions in dopaminergic signalling) and intestinal (vagal afferent function, metabolic endotoxaemia, systemic immune activation, changes to gut microbiome and metabolome) mechanisms. In this Review, we propose a systems biology model of BGM interactions, which incorporates published reports on food addiction, and provides novel insights into treatment targets aimed at each level of the BGM axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Osadchiy
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center at University of California Los Angeles, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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243
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Xie C, Prasad AA. Probiotics Treatment Improves Hippocampal Dependent Cognition in a Rodent Model of Parkinson's Disease. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111661. [PMID: 33120961 PMCID: PMC7692862 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder with motor dysfunction and a number of psychiatric symptoms. Symptoms such as anxiety and cognitive deficits emerge prior to motor symptoms and persist over time. There are limited treatments targeting PD psychiatric symptoms. Emerging studies reveal that the gut microbe is altered in PD patients. Here we assessed the effect of a probiotic treatment in a rat model of PD. We used the neurotoxin (6-hydroxydopamine, 6-OHDA) in a preclinical PD model to examine the impact of a probiotic treatment (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114) on anxiety and memory. Rats underwent either sham surgery or received 6-OHDA bilaterally into the striatum. Three weeks post-surgery, rats were divided into three experimental groups: a sham group that received probiotics, a 6-OHDA group that received probiotics, and the third group of 6-OHDA received the placebo formula. All rats had access to either placebo or probiotics formula for 6 weeks. All groups were assessed for anxiety-like behaviour using the elevated plus maze. Cognition was assessed for both non-hippocampal and hippocampal dependent tasks using the novel object recognition and novel place recognition. We report that the 6-OHDA lesion induced anxiety-like behaviour and deficits in hippocampal dependent cognition. Interestingly, the probiotics treatment had no impact on anxiety-like behaviour but selectively improved hippocampal dependent cognition deficits. Together, the results presented here highlight the utility of animal models in examining the neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD and the potential of probiotics as adjunctive treatment for non-motor symptoms of PD.
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244
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Probiotics in Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections and Neuroinflammatory Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214891. [PMID: 33105830 PMCID: PMC7660077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological response to the activation of the immune system by various infectious or non-infectious agents, which may lead to tissue damage and various diseases. Gut commensal bacteria maintain a symbiotic relationship with the host and display a critical function in the homeostasis of the host immune system. Disturbance to the gut microbiota leads to immune dysfunction both locally and at distant sites, which causes inflammatory conditions not only in the intestine but also in the other organs such as lungs and brain, and may induce a disease state. Probiotics are well known to reinforce immunity and counteract inflammation by restoring symbiosis within the gut microbiota. As a result, probiotics protect against various diseases, including respiratory infections and neuroinflammatory disorders. A growing body of research supports the beneficial role of probiotics in lung and mental health through modulating the gut-lung and gut-brain axes. In the current paper, we discuss the potential role of probiotics in the treatment of viral respiratory infections, including the COVID-19 disease, as major public health crisis in 2020, and influenza virus infection, as well as treatment of neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis and other mental illnesses.
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245
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Sun Y, Tang Y, Xu X, Hu K, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yi Z, Zhu Q, Xu R, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Liu X. Lead exposure results in defective behavior as well as alteration of gut microbiota composition in flies and their offsprings. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:699-708. [PMID: 32966649 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) has become one of the most dangerous metals to human health, especially to the nervous system as its persistent accumulation and high toxicity. However, how the gut microbiota influence the Pb-related neurotoxicity remains unclear. The aim of our study was to explore the link among Pb exposure, behavior changes, and gut microbiota. METHODS Using Drosophila melanogaster as model, climbing assay, social avoidance, social space, and short-term memory analysis were preformed to study the behavioral changes in flies exposed to Pb and their offspring. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to explore the changes in the gut microbiota of the flies with/without Pb-exposure. RESULTS The crawling ability, memory, and social interactions of Pb-exposed parent flies decreased significantly. For the offspring, behaviors were more significantly affected in male offspring whose male parent was exposed to Pb. The alpha diversity and the beta diversity of gut microbiota were significantly different between the Pb-exposed flies and the controls, as well as between the male offspring and the controls. Two genera, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were found significantly decreased in the Pb-exposed flies when compared to the controls and significantly correlated with the learning and memory. Four genera, Bilophila, Coprococcus, Desulfovibrio, and Ruminococcus were found depleted in the female offspring of the Pb-exposed flies. CONCLUSIONS Lead exposure resulted in defective behavior and alteration of gut microbiota composition in flies and their offspring, alteration in gut microbiota might be the link between behavioral changes induced by Pb-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Pathogen-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Pathogen-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwen Xu
- Department of Pathogen-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kehan Hu
- Department of Pathogen-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixiao Zhang
- Department of Pathogen-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathogen-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yi
- Department of Pathogen-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qihui Zhu
- Department of Pathogen-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Pathogen-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathogen-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyin Liu
- Department of Pathogen-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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246
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Ofner M, Walach H. The Vegetative Receptor-Vascular Reflex (VRVR) - A New Key to Regeneration. Front Physiol 2020; 11:547526. [PMID: 33071809 PMCID: PMC7538835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.547526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe a potentially new physiological reflex path that has so far been neglected but which could be used for a novel therapeutic approach: The vegetative receptor-vascular reflex. This is a physiological response that starts from the connective tissue and influences the whole organism. We cross-fertilized various research areas with each other. KEY FINDINGS The matrix or the connective tissue forms a passive reservoir of substrate for the growth and development of cells, and functions as the primordial communication system of all living systems. It contains a continuous network of cells, such as fibroblasts, along with protein bundles made up of collagen that support electrical exchange through piezoelectric effects. This archaic vegetative system surrounds all cells, including neurons, and can thus be viewed as the primordial coordinating system in every organism. It is very likely the basis for a reflex which we describe here for the first time: the vegetative receptor vascular reflex. We also indicate some potential practical applications and test procedures. CONCLUSION The vegetative receptor vascular reflex describes the pathway from stimuli that originate in the connective tissue or the extracellular matrix toward organ systems. They might be chemical in nature or electrical via piezo-electric effects stimulating nerve endings, and thus can influence higher order processes such as regeneration or healing of tissue. Thus, this reflex lends itself to a novel therapeutic approach via certain types of manipulation of the connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ofner
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Walach
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Psychology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Change Health Science Institute, Berlin, Germany
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247
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Banting SP, Badgery HE, Read M, Mashimo H. Rethinking gastroesophageal reflux disorder. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1482:177-192. [PMID: 32875572 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common clinical condition for which our understanding has evolved over the past decades. It is now considered a cluster of phenotypes with numerous anatomical and physiological abnormalities contributing to its pathophysiology. As such, it is important to first understand the underlying mechanism of the disease process for each patient before embarking on therapeutic interventions. The aim of our paper is to highlight the mechanisms contributing to GERD and review investigations and interpretation of these results. Finally, the paper reviews the available treatment modalities for this condition, ranging from medical intervention, endoscopic options through to surgery and its various techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Banting
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henry E Badgery
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Read
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Mashimo
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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248
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Barraza-Ortiz DA, Pérez-López N, Medina-López VM, Minero-Alfaro JI, Zamarripa-Dorsey F, Fernández-Martínez NDC, Llorente-Ramón A, Ramos-Aguilar GA. Combination of a Probiotic and an Antispasmodic Increases Quality of Life and Reduces Symptoms in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Pilot Study. Dig Dis 2020; 39:294-300. [PMID: 32810850 DOI: 10.1159/000510950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics and antispasmodics have been tested extensively in the management of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but they have rarely been evaluated in combination. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the efficacy of treatment with the probiotic formulation i3.1 (Lactobacillus plantarum CECT7484 and CECT7485 and Pediococcus acidilactici CECT7483), with or without the addition of the antispasmodic alverine/simethicone, in improving IBS-related quality of life (QoL) and reducing abdominal pain and diarrhea in patients with IBS. METHODS This was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 3 parallel arms (probiotic, probiotic plus antispasmodic, and placebo). Patients with IBS (N = 55) were recruited at the Gastroenterology Department of the Juárez Hospital (México City). QoL was assessed with the IBS-QoL questionnaire, abdominal pain with a visual analog scale, and stool consistency with the Bristol scale. RESULTS The IBS-QoL rate of response (ITT analysis) was 50.0% for patients in the group with probiotic alone, 68.4% in the group with probiotic plus antispasmodic, and 16.7% in the group with placebo after 6 weeks of treatment (p = 0.005). Response to abdominal pain was reported by 38.9% of patients treated with probiotic, 57.9% with probiotic plus antispasmodic, and 16.7% with placebo (p = 0.035). Regarding stool consistency, a response to treatment was reported by 44.4% of patients treated with probiotic, 57.9% with probiotic plus antispasmodic, and 16.7% with placebo (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION The results are consistent with previous studies on the use of the i3.1 probiotic formulation for the management of symptoms in IBS patients, and the addition of an antispasmodic improves its observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Barraza-Ortiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Juárez de Mexico, CDMX, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico,
| | - Nuria Pérez-López
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Juárez de Mexico, CDMX, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Medina-López
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Juárez de Mexico, CDMX, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - José I Minero-Alfaro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Español de Mexico, CDMX, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | - Alberto Llorente-Ramón
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Juárez de Mexico, CDMX, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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249
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Bradford A. Introduction to the Special Issue: Advances in Psychogastroenterology. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2020; 27:429-431. [PMID: 32712846 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-020-09735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bradford
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street Suite 8A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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250
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Osadchiy V, Mills JN, Mayer EA, Eleswarapu SV. The Seminal Microbiome and Male Factor Infertility. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2020; 12:202-207. [PMID: 33746642 DOI: 10.1007/s11930-020-00273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Focusing on studies published within the last decade, we review the literature on the seminal microbiome and male factor infertility. We highlight potential mechanisms by which microbes may impact fertility and underscore key limitations and clinical implications of these studies. Recent Findings The seminal microbiome encompasses a metabolically and phylogenetically diverse group of microorganisms. Lactobacillus was consistently associated with normal semen analysis parameters and fertility; Anaerococcus was negatively associated with semen quality. These microbes may participate in a complex cross-talk with the host immune system, thereby modulating local and perhaps systemic inflammatory responses, impacting semen quality. Summary Research investigating the intersection between the seminal microbiome and male fertility is still in its infancy. Recent investigations have been exclusively cross-sectional, correlational studies, limiting the clinical applicability of published research. Prospective studies with more sophisticated methodologies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Osadchiy
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jesse N Mills
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Sriram V Eleswarapu
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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