201
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Schreier S, Petla BP, Lin T, Chakravarty S, Subramanian S. A simple and sensitive SYBR Gold-based assay to quantify DNA-protein interactions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:499-506. [PMID: 31621004 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple, accessible, and inexpensive assay to quantify the strength of DNA-protein interactions was developed. The assay relies on capturing DNA-protein complexes using an affinity resin that binds tagged, recombinant proteins. Sequential washes with filtration spin cups and centrifugation remove non-specific interactions in a gentle, uniform manner and a final elution isolates specific DNA-protein complexes. SYBR Gold nucleic acid stain is added to the eluted product and the fluorescence intensity accurately quantifies the amount of captured DNA, ultimately illustrating the relative strength of the DNA-protein interaction. The major utility of the assay resides in the versatility and quantitative nature of the SYBR Gold:nucleic acid interaction, eliminating the need for customized or labeled oligos and permitting relatively inexpensive quantification of binding capacity. The assay also employs DNA-protein complex capture by the very common purification tag, 6xHis, but other tags could likely be utilized. Further, SYBR Gold fluorescence is compatible with a wide variety of instruments, including UV transilluminators, a staple to any molecular biology laboratory. This assay was used to compare the binding capacities of different auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors to various dsDNA targets, including the classical AuxRE motif and several divergent sequences. Results from dose-response assays suggest that different ARF proteins might show distinct comparative affinities for AuxRE variants, emphasizing that specific ARF-AuxRE binding strengths likely contribute to the complex and fine-tuned cellular auxin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Schreier
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Bhanu Prakash Petla
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Suvobrata Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Senthil Subramanian
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
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202
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Quintana-Escobar AO, Nic-Can GI, Galaz Avalos RM, Loyola-Vargas VM, Gongora-Castillo E. Transcriptome analysis of the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Coffea canephora and the participation of ARF and Aux/IAA genes. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7752. [PMID: 31637116 PMCID: PMC6800528 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a useful biotechnological tool to study the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular processes during the development of Coffea canephora. Plant growth regulators (PGR) play a key role during cell differentiation in SE. The Auxin-response-factor (ARF) and Auxin/Indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) are fundamental components involved in the signaling of the IAA. The IAA signaling pathway activates or represses the expression of genes responsive to auxins during the embryogenic transition of the somatic cells. The growing development of new generation sequencing technologies (NGS), as well as bioinformatics tools, has allowed us to broaden the landscape of SE study of various plant species and identify the genes directly involved. Methods Analysis of transcriptome expression profiles of the C. canephora genome and the identification of a particular set of differentially expressed genes (DEG) during SE are described in this study. Results A total of eight ARF and seven Aux/IAA differentially expressed genes were identified during the different stages of the SE induction process. The quantitative expression analysis showed that ARF18 and ARF5 genes are highly expressed after 21 days of the SE induction, while Aux/IAA7 and Aux/IAA12 genes are repressed. Discussion The results of this study allow a better understanding of the genes involved in the auxin signaling pathway as well as their expression profiles during the SE process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana O Quintana-Escobar
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Geovanny I Nic-Can
- CONACYT Research Fellow-Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Galaz Avalos
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Víctor M Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Elsa Gongora-Castillo
- CONACYT Research Fellow-Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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203
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Thelander M, Landberg K, Sundberg E. Minimal auxin sensing levels in vegetative moss stem cells revealed by a ratiometric reporter. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:775-788. [PMID: 31318450 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to reveal ancestral functions of auxin, a key regulator of plant growth and development, and its importance for evolution have been hampered by a fragmented picture of auxin response domains in early-diverging land plants. We report the mapping of auxin sensing and responses during vegetative moss development using novel reporters. We established a moss-specific ratiometric reporter (PpR2D2) for Auxin Response Element- and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR-independent auxin sensing in Physcomitrella patens, and its readout during vegetative development was compared with new promoter-based GmGH3::GFPGUS and DR5revV2::GFPGUS auxin response reporters. The ratiometric reporter responds rapidly to auxin in a time-, dose- and TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESISTANT1/AUXIN F-BOX-dependent manner and marks known, anticipated and novel auxin sensing domains. It reveals proximal auxin sensing maxima in filamentous tissues and sensing minima in all five vegetative gametophytic stem cell types as well as dividing cells. PpR2D2 readout is compliant with an ancestral function of auxin as a positive regulator of differentiation vs proliferation in stem cell regions. The PpR2D2 reporter is a sensitive tool for high-resolution mapping of auxin sensing, which can increase our knowledge of auxin function in early-diverging land plants substantially, thereby advancing our understanding of its importance for plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Thelander
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Landberg
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Sundberg
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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204
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NEEDLE1 encodes a mitochondria localized ATP-dependent metalloprotease required for thermotolerant maize growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19736-19742. [PMID: 31501327 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meristems are highly regulated structures ultimately responsible for the formation of branches, lateral organs, and stems, and thus directly affect plant architecture and crop yield. In meristems, genetic networks, hormones, and signaling molecules are tightly integrated to establish robust systems that can adapt growth to continuous inputs from the environment. Here we characterized needle1 (ndl1), a temperature-sensitive maize mutant that displays severe reproductive defects and strong genetic interactions with known mutants affected in the regulation of the plant hormone auxin. NDL1 encodes a mitochondria-localized ATP-dependent metalloprotease belonging to the FILAMENTATION TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE H (FTSH) family. Together with the hyperaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ndl1 inflorescences show up-regulation of a plethora of stress-response genes. We provide evidence that these conditions alter endogenous auxin levels and disrupt primordia initiation in meristems. These findings connect meristem redox status and auxin in the control of maize growth.
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205
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Salehin M, Li B, Tang M, Katz E, Song L, Ecker JR, Kliebenstein DJ, Estelle M. Auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA proteins mediate drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by regulating glucosinolate levels. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 31492889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12002-12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of abiotic stress tolerance in plants is essential to provide food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Glucosinolates (GLSs) are secondary metabolites found in the Brassicaceae that protect plants from herbivory and pathogen attack. Here we report that in Arabidopsis, aliphatic GLS levels are regulated by the auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA repressors IAA5, IAA6, and IAA19. These proteins act in a transcriptional cascade that maintains expression of GLS levels when plants are exposed to drought conditions. Loss of IAA5/6/19 results in reduced GLS levels and decreased drought tolerance. Further, we show that this phenotype is associated with a defect in stomatal regulation. Application of GLS to the iaa5,6,19 mutants restores stomatal regulation and normal drought tolerance. GLS action is dependent on the receptor kinase GHR1, suggesting that GLS may signal via reactive oxygen species. These results provide a novel connection between auxin signaling, GLS levels and drought response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salehin
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA., 92093, USA
| | - Baohua Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michelle Tang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ella Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Liang Song
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Mark Estelle
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA., 92093, USA.
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206
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Salehin M, Li B, Tang M, Katz E, Song L, Ecker JR, Kliebenstein DJ, Estelle M. Auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA proteins mediate drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by regulating glucosinolate levels. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4021. [PMID: 31492889 PMCID: PMC6731224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of abiotic stress tolerance in plants is essential to provide food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Glucosinolates (GLSs) are secondary metabolites found in the Brassicaceae that protect plants from herbivory and pathogen attack. Here we report that in Arabidopsis, aliphatic GLS levels are regulated by the auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA repressors IAA5, IAA6, and IAA19. These proteins act in a transcriptional cascade that maintains expression of GLS levels when plants are exposed to drought conditions. Loss of IAA5/6/19 results in reduced GLS levels and decreased drought tolerance. Further, we show that this phenotype is associated with a defect in stomatal regulation. Application of GLS to the iaa5,6,19 mutants restores stomatal regulation and normal drought tolerance. GLS action is dependent on the receptor kinase GHR1, suggesting that GLS may signal via reactive oxygen species. These results provide a novel connection between auxin signaling, GLS levels and drought response. Brassicaceae produce glucosinolates to protect against herbivory and pathogens. Here the authors show that auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA repressor proteins regulate aliphatic glucosinolate levels in Arabidopsis and this promotes stomatal closure via reactive oxygen species during drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salehin
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA., 92093, USA
| | - Baohua Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michelle Tang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ella Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Liang Song
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Mark Estelle
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA., 92093, USA.
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207
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Shen L, Zhong T, Wang L, Zhang Q, Jin H, Xu M, Ye J. Characterization the role of a UFC homolog, AtAuxRP3, in the regulation of Arabidopsis seedling growth and stress response. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 240:152990. [PMID: 31207460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.152990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a well-known, crucial regulator of the entire plant lifecycle, not only orchestrating many aspects of plant growth and development, but also playing various roles in biotic and abiotic stress. This study reports the isolation and functional characterization of a DUF-966 domain-containing gene, At3g46110, re-named AtAuxRP3. AtAuxRP3 overexpression in Arabidopsis increased the levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, enhanced expression of the auxin-responsive reporter DR5:GUS near the vegetative shoot apex, and led to ectopic activation of auxin signaling, including dysmorphic (narrow, asymmetric) rosette leaves, abnormal emergence of inflorescence, inhibition of primary root elongation and arrest of dark-grown hypocotyls. AtAuxRP3-OX lines also showed decreased tolerance to NaCl and osmotic stress during Arabidopsis seeds germination and young seedling growth. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis showed AtAuxRP3-OX seedlings displayed increases in the expression of genes that group in a variety of developmental categories, while other downregulated genes were associated with stress responses. Our results provide evidence for a regulatory role of AtAuxRP3 in endogenous auxin levels, leaf development, and initiation of inflorescence stems early in reproductive development during Arabidopsis seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shen
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lina Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingling Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianrong Ye
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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208
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PtrARF2.1 Is Involved in Regulation of Leaf Development and Lignin Biosynthesis in Poplar Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174141. [PMID: 31450644 PMCID: PMC6747521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) are important regulators modulating the expression of auxin-responsive genes in various biological processes in plants. In the Populus genome, a total of 39 ARF members have been identified, but their detailed functions are still unclear. In this study, six poplar auxin response factor 2 (PtrARF2) members were isolated from P. trichocarpa. Expression pattern analysis showed that PtrARF2.1 is highly expressed in leaf tissues compared with other PtrARF2 genes and significantly repressed by exogenous auxin treatment. PtrARF2.1 is a nuclear-localized protein without transcriptional activation activity. Knockdown of PtrARF2.1 by RNA interference (RNAi) in poplars led to the dwarf plant, altered leaf shape, and reduced size of the leaf blade, while overexpression of PtrARF2.1 resulted in a slight reduction in plant height and the similar leaf phenotype in contrast to the wildtype. Furthermore, histological staining analysis revealed an ectopic deposition of lignin in leaf veins and petioles of PtrARF2.1-RNAi lines. RNA-Seq analysis showed that 74 differential expression genes (DEGs) belonging to 12 transcription factor families, such as NAM, ATAF and CUC (NAC), v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB), ethylene response factors (ERF) and basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH), were identified in PtrARF2.1-RNAi leaves and other 24 DEGs were associated with the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Altogether, the data indicate that PtrARF2.1 plays an important role in regulating leaf development and influences the lignin biosynthesis in poplars.
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209
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Clark NM, Shen Z, Briggs SP, Walley JW, Kelley DR. Auxin Induces Widespread Proteome Remodeling in Arabidopsis Seedlings. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900199. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Clark
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State University Ames IA 92093 USA
| | - Zhouxin Shen
- Section of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Steven P. Briggs
- Section of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Justin W. Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State University Ames IA 92093 USA
| | - Dior R. Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell BiologyIowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
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210
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Hagel JM, Facchini PJ. Expanding the roles for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases in plant metabolism. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:721-734. [PMID: 29488530 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018 2-Oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases (2ODOs) comprise a large enzyme superfamily in plant genomes, second in size only to the cytochromes P450 monooxygenase (CYP) superfamily. 2ODOs participate in both primary and specialized plant pathways, and their occurrence across all life kingdoms points to an ancient origin. Phylogenetic evidence supports substantial expansion and diversification of 2ODOs following the split from the common ancestor of land plants. More conserved roles for these enzymes include oxidation within hormone metabolism, such as the recently described capacity of Dioxygenase for Auxin Oxidation (DAO) for governing auxin homeostasis. Conserved structural features among 2ODOs has provided a basis for continued investigation into their mechanisms, and recent structural work is expected to illuminate intriguing reactions such as that of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACCO). Phylogenetic radiation among this superfamily combined with neo- and subfunctionalization has enabled recruitment to highly specialized pathways, including those yielding medicines, flavours, dyes, poisons, and compounds important for plant-environment interactions. Catalytic versatility of 2ODOs in plants and across broader taxa continues to inspire biochemists tasked with the discovery of new enzymes. This highlight article summarizes recent reports up to 2018 of 2ODOs within plant metabolism. Furthermore, the respective contributions of 2ODOs and other oxidases to natural product biosynthesis are discussed as a framework for continued discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hagel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - P J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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211
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Zhang H, Tan X, Li L, He Y, Hong G, Li J, Lin L, Cheng Y, Yan F, Chen J, Sun Z. Suppression of auxin signalling promotes rice susceptibility to Rice black streaked dwarf virus infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1093-1104. [PMID: 31250531 PMCID: PMC6640184 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays a fundamental role in plant growth and development, and also influences plant defence against various pathogens. Previous studies have examined the different roles of the auxin pathway during infection by biotrophic bacteria and necrotrophic fungi. We now show that the auxin signalling pathway was markedly down-regulated following infection of rice by Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a dsRNA virus. Repression of the auxin receptor TIR1 by a mutant overexpressing miR393 increased rice susceptibility to RBSDV. Mutants overexpressing the auxin signalling repressors OsIAA20 and OsIAA31 were also more susceptible to RBSDV. The induction of jasmonic acid (JA) pathway genes in response to RBSDV was supressed in auxin signalling mutants, suggesting that activation of the JA pathway may be part of the auxin signalling-mediated rice defence against RBSDV. More importantly, our results also revealed that OsRboh-mediated reactive oxygen species levels played important roles in this defence. The results offer novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of auxin signalling in the rice-RBSDV interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
| | - Lulu Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
| | - Yuqing He
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Junmin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Lin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Ye Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Fei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Jianping Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and DiseaseInstitute of Plant Virology, Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
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212
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Gao Y, Gu H, Leburu M, Li X, Wang Y, Sheng J, Fang H, Gu M, Liang G. The heterotrimeric G protein β subunit RGB1 is required for seedling formation in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:53. [PMID: 31321558 PMCID: PMC6639528 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterotrimeric G protein β subunit RGB1 plays an important role in plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of rice growth by RGB1 remain elusive. RESULTS Here, the rgb1 mutants rgb1-1 (+ 1 bp), rgb1-2 (- 1 bp), and rgb1-3 (- 11 bp) were isolated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and they were arrested at 1 day after germination and ultimately exhibited seedling lethality. The dynamic anatomical characteristics of the embryos of the rgb1 seedlings and WT during early postgermination and according to TUNEL assays showed that the suppressed growth of the rgb1 mutants was caused by cell death. In addition to the limited shoot and root development, the development of the embryo shoot-root axis was suppressed in the rgb1 mutants. RGB1 was expressed mainly in the root epidermal and vascular tissues of the embryo. Moreover, transcript profiling analysis revealed that the expression of a large number of auxin-, cytokinin-, and brassinosteroid-inducible genes was upregulated or downregulated in the rgb1 mutant compared to the wild type during seedling development. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the rgb1 mutants provide an ideal material for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying rice seedling formation during early postgermination development by G proteins. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The heterotrimeric G protein β subunit RGB1 acts as a crucial factor in promoting early postgermination seedling development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Houwen Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mamotshewa Leburu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xuhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiayan Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huimin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Minghong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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213
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Hazak O, Mamon E, Lavy M, Sternberg H, Behera S, Schmitz-Thom I, Bloch D, Dementiev O, Gutman I, Danziger T, Schwarz N, Abuzeineh A, Mockaitis K, Estelle M, Hirsch JA, Kudla J, Yalovsky S. A novel Ca2+-binding protein that can rapidly transduce auxin responses during root growth. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000085. [PMID: 31295257 PMCID: PMC6650080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling cross talks between auxin, a regulator of plant development, and Ca2+, a universal second messenger, have been proposed to modulate developmental plasticity in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report that in Arabidopsis roots, auxin elicits specific Ca2+ signaling patterns that spatially coincide with the expression pattern of auxin-regulated genes. We have identified the single EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein Ca2+-dependent modulator of ICR1 (CMI1) as an interactor of the Rho of plants (ROP) effector interactor of constitutively active ROP (ICR1). CMI1 expression is directly up-regulated by auxin, whereas the loss of function of CMI1 associates with the repression of auxin-induced Ca2+ increases in the lateral root cap and vasculature, indicating that CMI1 represses early auxin responses. In agreement, cmi1 mutants display an increased auxin response including shorter primary roots, longer root hairs, longer hypocotyls, and altered lateral root formation. Binding to ICR1 affects subcellular localization of CMI1 and its function. The interaction between CMI1 and ICR1 is Ca2+-dependent and involves a conserved hydrophobic pocket in CMI1 and calmodulin binding-like domain in ICR1. Remarkably, CMI1 is monomeric in solution and in vitro changes its secondary structure at cellular resting Ca2+ concentrations ranging between 10-9 and 10-8 M. Hence, CMI1 is a Ca2+-dependent transducer of auxin-regulated gene expression, which can function in a cell-specific fashion at steady-state as well as at elevated cellular Ca2+ levels to regulate auxin responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Hazak
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Mamon
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meirav Lavy
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hasana Sternberg
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Smrutisanjita Behera
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ina Schmitz-Thom
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daria Bloch
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Olga Dementiev
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itay Gutman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tomer Danziger
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Netanel Schwarz
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anas Abuzeineh
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keithanne Mockaitis
- Department of Biology, University of Indiana, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mark Estelle
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joel A. Hirsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Shaul Yalovsky
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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214
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Bouré N, Kumar SV, Arnaud N. The BAP Module: A Multisignal Integrator Orchestrating Growth. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:602-610. [PMID: 31076166 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of cell proliferation, cell expansion, and differentiation underpins plant growth. To maximise reproductive success, growth needs to be fine-tuned in response to endogenous and environmental cues. This developmental plasticity relies on a cellular machinery that integrates diverse signals and coordinates the downstream responses. In arabidopsis, the BAP regulatory module, which includes the BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6 (ARF6), and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) transcription factors (TFs), has been shown to coordinate growth in response to multiple growth-regulating signals. In this Opinion article, we provide an integrative view on the BAP module control of cell expansion and discuss whether its function is conserved or diversified, thus providing new insights into the molecular control of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bouré
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Nicolas Arnaud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
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215
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Strigolactone promotes cytokinin degradation through transcriptional activation of CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE 9 in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14319-14324. [PMID: 31235564 PMCID: PMC6628823 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810980116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactone plays a vital role in plant growth and development, but its response genes remain to be identified. In this study, we found that cytokinin content is markedly increased in the strigolactone signaling mutant d53, and that OsCKX9, which encodes a cytokinin oxidase to catalyze the degradation of cytokinin, functions as a primary strigolactone-responsive gene to regulate rice tillering, plant height, and panicle size, likely via a secondary response gene, OsRR5, which encodes a cytokinin-inducible rice type-A response regulator, demonstrating that strigolactone regulates rice shoot architecture through enhanced cytokinin catabolism by modulating OsCKX9 expression. Strigolactones (SLs), a group of terpenoid lactones derived from carotenoids, are plant hormones that control numerous aspects of plant development. Although the framework of SL signaling that the repressor DWARF 53 (D53) could be SL-dependently degraded via the SL receptor D14 and F-box protein D3 has been established, the downstream response genes to SLs remain to be elucidated. Here we show that the cytokinin (CK) content is dramatically increased in shoot bases of the rice SL signaling mutant d53. By examining transcript levels of all the CK metabolism-related genes after treatment with SL analog GR24, we identified CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE 9 (OsCKX9) as a primary response gene significantly up-regulated within 1 h of treatment in the wild type but not in d53. We also found that OsCKX9 functions as a cytosolic and nuclear dual-localized CK catabolic enzyme, and that the overexpression of OsCKX9 suppresses the browning of d53 calli. Both the CRISPR/Cas9-generated OsCKX9 mutants and OsCKX9-overexpressing transgenic plants showed significant increases in tiller number and decreases in plant height and panicle size, suggesting that the homeostasis of OsCKX9 plays a critical role in regulating rice shoot architecture. Moreover, we identified the CK-inducible rice type-A response regulator OsRR5 as the secondary SL-responsive gene, whose expression is significantly repressed after 4 h of GR24 treatment in the wild type but not in osckx9. These findings reveal a comprehensive plant hormone cross-talk in which SL can induce the expression of OsCKX9 to down-regulate CK content, which in turn triggers the response of downstream genes.
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216
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Stigliani A, Martin-Arevalillo R, Lucas J, Bessy A, Vinos-Poyo T, Mironova V, Vernoux T, Dumas R, Parcy F. Capturing Auxin Response Factors Syntax Using DNA Binding Models. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:822-832. [PMID: 30336329 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a key hormone performing a wealth of functions throughout the life cycle of plants. It acts largely by regulating genes at the transcriptional level through a family of transcription factors called auxin response factors (ARFs). Even though all ARF monomers analyzed so far bind a similar DNA sequence, there is evidence that ARFs differ in their target genomic regions and regulated genes. Here, we report the use of position weight matrices (PWMs) to model ARF DNA binding specificity based on published DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) data. We found that the genome binding of two ARFs (ARF2 and ARF5/Monopteros [MP]) differ largely because these two factors have different preferred ARF binding site (ARFbs) arrangements (orientation and spacing). We illustrated why PWMs are more versatile to reliably identify ARFbs than the widely used consensus sequences and demonstrated their power with biochemical experiments in the identification of the regulatory regions of IAA19, an well-characterized auxin-responsive gene. Finally, we combined gene regulation by auxin with ARF-bound regions and identified specific ARFbs configurations that are over-represented in auxin-upregulated genes, thus deciphering the ARFbs syntax functional for regulation. Our study provides a general method to exploit the potential of genome-wide DNA binding assays and to decode gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Stigliani
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Raquel Martin-Arevalillo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France; Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, CNRS, INRA, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Jérémy Lucas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Adrien Bessy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Vinos-Poyo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Victoria Mironova
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentyeva Avenue 10, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, CNRS, INRA, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Renaud Dumas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - François Parcy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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217
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Multiple Auxin-Response Regulators Enable Stability and Variability in Leaf Development. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1746-1759.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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218
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Pu Y, Walley JW, Shen Z, Lang MG, Briggs SP, Estelle M, Kelley DR. Quantitative Early Auxin Root Proteomics Identifies GAUT10, a Galacturonosyltransferase, as a Novel Regulator of Root Meristem Maintenance. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1157-1170. [PMID: 30918009 PMCID: PMC6553934 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin induces rapid gene expression changes throughout root development. How auxin-induced transcriptional responses relate to changes in protein abundance is not well characterized. This report identifies early auxin responsive proteins in roots at 30 min and 2 h after hormone treatment using a quantitative proteomics approach in which 3,514 proteins were reliably quantified. A comparison of the >100 differentially expressed proteins at each the time point showed limited overlap, suggesting a dynamic and transient response to exogenous auxin. Several proteins with established roles in auxin-mediated root development exhibited altered abundance, providing support for this approach. While novel targeted proteomics assays demonstrate that all six auxin receptors remain stable in response to hormone. Additionally, 15 of the top responsive proteins display root and/or auxin response phenotypes, demonstrating the validity of these differentially expressed proteins. Auxin signaling in roots dictates proteome reprogramming of proteins enriched for several gene ontology terms, including transcription, translation, protein localization, thigmatropism, and cell wall modification. In addition, we identified auxin-regulated proteins that had not previously been implicated in auxin response. For example, genetic studies of the auxin responsive protein galacturonosyltransferase 10 demonstrate that this enzyme plays a key role in root development. Altogether these data complement and extend our understanding of auxin response beyond that provided by transcriptome studies and can be used to uncover novel proteins that may mediate root developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Pu
- From the Departments of ‡Genetics, Development and Cell Biology
| | - Justin W Walley
- ¶Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Zhouxin Shen
- §Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Michelle G Lang
- From the Departments of ‡Genetics, Development and Cell Biology
| | - Steven P Briggs
- §Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Mark Estelle
- §Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Dior R Kelley
- From the Departments of ‡Genetics, Development and Cell Biology,
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219
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Kubeš M, Napier R. Non-canonical auxin signalling: fast and curious. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2609-2614. [PMID: 30854547 PMCID: PMC6506764 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kubeš
- School of Live Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacky University, Slechtitelu, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- University Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rokitanskeho, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Live Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Correspondence: or
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220
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Zhao B, Wang B, Li Z, Guo T, Zhao J, Guan Z, Liu K. Identification and characterization of a new dwarf locus DS-4 encoding an Aux/IAA7 protein in Brassica napus. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:1435-1449. [PMID: 30688990 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A dominant dwarfing gene, ds - 4 , encodes an Aux/IAA protein that negatively regulates plant stature through an auxin signaling pathway. Dwarfism is an important agronomic trait affecting yield in many crop species. The molecular mechanisms underlying dwarfism in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) are poorly understood, restricting the progress of breeding dwarf varieties in this species. Here, we identified and characterized a new dwarf locus, DS-4, in B. napus. Next-generation sequencing-assisted genetic mapping and candidate gene analysis found that DS-4 encodes a nucleus-targeted auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) protein. A substitution (P87L) was found in the highly conserved degron motif of the Aux/IAA7 protein in the ds-4 mutant. This mutation co-segregated with the phenotype of individuals in the BC1F2 population. The P87L substitution was confirmed as the cause of the extreme dwarf phenotype by ectopic expression of the mutant allele BnaC05.iaa7 (equivalent to ds-4) in Arabidopsis. The P87L substitution blocked the interaction of BnaC05.iaa7 with TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 in the presence of auxin. The BnaC05.IAA7 gene is highly expressed in the cotyledons, hypocotyls, stems and leaves, but weakly in the roots and seeds of B. napus. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying dominant (gain-of-function) dwarfism in B. napus. Our identification of a distinct gene locus controlling plant height may help to improve lodging resistance in oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhaohong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhilin Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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221
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Chen X, Li L, Xu B, Zhao S, Lu P, He Y, Ye T, Feng YQ, Wu Y. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C2 functions in auxin-modulated root development. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1441-1457. [PMID: 30496625 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nine phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases C (PLCs) have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome; among the importance of PLC2 in reproductive development is significant. However, the role of PLC2 in vegetative development such as in root growth is elusive. Here, we report that plc2 mutants displayed multiple auxin-defective phenotypes in root development, including short primary root, impaired root gravitropism, and inhibited root hair growth. The DR5:GUS expression and the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, as well as the responses of a set of auxin-related genes to exogenous IAA treatment, were all decreased in plc2 seedlings, suggesting the influence of PLC2 on auxin accumulation and signalling. The root elongation of plc2 mutants was less sensitive to the high concentration of exogenous auxins, and the application of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid or the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid could rescue the root hair growth of plc2 mutants. In addition, the PIN2 polarity and cycling in plc2 root epidermis cells were altered. These results demonstrate a critical role of PLC2 in auxin-mediated root development in Arabidopsis, in which PLC2 influences the polar distribution of PIN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Buxian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Piaoying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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222
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Rudnicka M, Ludynia M, Karcz W. Effects of Naphthazarin (DHNQ) Combined with Lawsone (NQ-2-OH) or 1,4-Naphthoquinone (NQ) on the Auxin-Induced Growth of Zea mays L. Coleoptile Segments. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1788. [PMID: 30978914 PMCID: PMC6479706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthoquinones, plants secondary metabolites are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-parasitic properties. The biological activity of naphthoquinones is connected with their ability to generate reactive oxygen species and to modify biological molecules at their nucleophilic sites. In our research, the effect of naphthazarin (DHNQ) combined with 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ-2-OH) or 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) on the elongation growth, pH changes of the incubation medium, oxidative stress and redox activity of maize coleoptile cells were investigated. This paper describes experiments performed with maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptile segments, which is a classical model system to study plant cell elongation growth. The data presented clearly demonstrate that lawsone and 1,4-naphthoquinone combined with naphthazarin, at low concentrations (1 and 10 nM), reduced the endogenous and IAA-induced (Indole-3-Acetic Acid) elongation growth of maize coleoptile segments. Those changes in growth correlated with the proton concentration in the incubation medium, which suggests that the changes in the growth of maize coleoptile segments observed in the presence of naphthoquinones are mediated through the activity of PM H⁺-ATPase. The presence of naphthoquinones induced oxidative stress in the maize coleoptile tissue by producing hydrogen peroxide and causing changes in the redox activity. Moreover, the incubation of maize segments with both naphthoquinones combined with naphthazarin resulted in lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. The regulation of PM H⁺-ATPase activity, especially its inhibition, may result from two major types of reaction: first, a direct interaction between an enzyme and naphthoquinone, which leads to the covalent modification of the protein thiols and the generation of thioethers, which have been found to alter the activity of the PM H⁺-ATPases; second, naphthoquinones induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which inhibits PM H⁺-ATPases by increasing cytosolic Ca2+. This harmful effect was stronger when naphthazarin and 1,4-naphthoquinone were added together. Taking these results into account, it can be suggested that by combining naphthoquinones in small quantities, an alternative to synthetic pesticides could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rudnicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Michał Ludynia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Karcz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40032 Katowice, Poland.
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223
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Cao M, Chen R, Li P, Yu Y, Zheng R, Ge D, Zheng W, Wang X, Gu Y, Gelová Z, Friml J, Zhang H, Liu R, He J, Xu T. TMK1-mediated auxin signalling regulates differential growth of the apical hook. Nature 2019; 568:240-243. [PMID: 30944466 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin has crucial roles in almost all aspects of plant growth and development. Concentrations of auxin vary across different tissues, mediating distinct developmental outcomes and contributing to the functional diversity of auxin. However, the mechanisms that underlie these activities are poorly understood. Here we identify an auxin signalling mechanism, which acts in parallel to the canonical auxin pathway based on the transport inhibitor response1 (TIR1) and other auxin receptor F-box (AFB) family proteins (TIR1/AFB receptors)1,2, that translates levels of cellular auxin to mediate differential growth during apical-hook development. This signalling mechanism operates at the concave side of the apical hook, and involves auxin-mediated C-terminal cleavage of transmembrane kinase 1 (TMK1). The cytosolic and nucleus-translocated C terminus of TMK1 specifically interacts with and phosphorylates two non-canonical transcriptional repressors of the auxin or indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family (IAA32 and IAA34), thereby regulating ARF transcription factors. In contrast to the degradation of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors in the canonical pathway, the newly identified mechanism stabilizes the non-canonical IAA32 and IAA34 transcriptional repressors to regulate gene expression and ultimately inhibit growth. The auxin-TMK1 signalling pathway originates at the cell surface, is triggered by high levels of auxin and shares a partially overlapping set of transcription factors with the TIR1/AFB signalling pathway. This allows distinct interpretations of different concentrations of cellular auxin, and thus enables this versatile signalling molecule to mediate complex developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danfeng Ge
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yangtao Gu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuzana Gelová
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Heng Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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224
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Selective auxin agonists induce specific AUX/IAA protein degradation to modulate plant development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6463-6472. [PMID: 30850516 PMCID: PMC6442611 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809037116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin phytohormones control most aspects of plant development through a complex and interconnected signaling network. In the presence of auxin, AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) transcriptional repressors are targeted for degradation by the SKP1-CULLIN1-F-BOX (SCF) ubiquitin-protein ligases containing TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESISTANT 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB). CULLIN1-neddylation is required for SCFTIR1/AFB functionality, as exemplified by mutants deficient in the NEDD8-activating enzyme subunit AUXIN-RESISTANT 1 (AXR1). Here, we report a chemical biology screen that identifies small molecules requiring AXR1 to modulate plant development. We selected four molecules of interest, RubNeddin 1 to 4 (RN1 to -4), among which RN3 and RN4 trigger selective auxin responses at transcriptional, biochemical, and morphological levels. This selective activity is explained by their ability to consistently promote the interaction between TIR1 and a specific subset of AUX/IAA proteins, stimulating the degradation of particular AUX/IAA combinations. Finally, we performed a genetic screen using RN4, the RN with the greatest potential for dissecting auxin perception, which revealed that the chromatin remodeling ATPase BRAHMA is implicated in auxin-mediated apical hook development. These results demonstrate the power of selective auxin agonists to dissect auxin perception for plant developmental functions, as well as offering opportunities to discover new molecular players involved in auxin responses.
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225
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Yu L, Liu Y, Xu F. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals significant differences in the regulation of gene expression between hydrogen cyanide- and ethylene-treated Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:92. [PMID: 30832566 PMCID: PMC6399987 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a small gaseous molecule that is predominantly produced as an equimolar co-product of ethylene (ET) biosynthesis in plants. The function of ET is of great concern and is well studied; however, the function of HCN is largely unknown. Similar to ET, HCN is a simple and diffusible molecule that has been shown to play a regulatory role in the control of some metabolic processes in plants. Nevertheless, it is still controversial whether HCN should be regarded as a signalling molecule, and the cross-talk between HCN and ET in gene expression regulation remains unclear. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCN and ET in Arabidopsis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were subsequently performed to investigate the function and pathway enrichment of DEGs. Parts of key genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The results showed that at least 1305 genes and 918 genes were significantly induced by HCN and ET, respectively. Interestingly, a total of 474 genes (|log2 FC| ≥1) were co-regulated by HCN and ET. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the co-regulated genes by HCN and ET were enriched in plant responses to stress and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, indicating that HCN may cooperate with ET and participate in plant growth and development and stress responses. However, a total of 831 genes were significantly induced by HCN but not by ET, indicating that in addition to ET, HCN is in essence a key signalling molecule in plants. Importantly, our data showed that the possible regulatory role of a relatively low concentration of HCN does not depend on ET feedback induction, although there are some common downstream components were observed. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a valuable resource for further exploration and understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms of HCN in plants and provide novel insight into HCN cross-talk with ET and other hormones in the regulation of plant growth and plant responses to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yu
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, 430415 China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Fei Xu
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, 430415 China
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226
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Matthes MS, Best NB, Robil JM, Malcomber S, Gallavotti A, McSteen P. Auxin EvoDevo: Conservation and Diversification of Genes Regulating Auxin Biosynthesis, Transport, and Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:298-320. [PMID: 30590136 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin has been shown to be of pivotal importance in growth and development of land plants. The underlying molecular players involved in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling are quite well understood in Arabidopsis. However, functional characterizations of auxin-related genes in economically important crops, specifically maize and rice, are still limited. In this article, we comprehensively review recent functional studies on auxin-related genes in both maize and rice, compared with what is known in Arabidopsis, and highlight conservation and diversification of their functions. Our analysis is illustrated by phylogenetic analysis and publicly available gene expression data for each gene family, which will aid in the identification of auxin-related genes for future research. Current challenges and future directions for auxin research in maize and rice are discussed. Developments in gene editing techniques provide powerful tools for overcoming the issue of redundancy in these gene families and will undoubtedly advance auxin research in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sylvia Matthes
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Norman Bradley Best
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Janlo M Robil
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Simon Malcomber
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Paula McSteen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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227
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Zhang J, Huang D, Wang C, Wang B, Fang H, Huo J, Liao W. Recent Progress in Protein S-Nitrosylation in Phytohormone Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:494-502. [PMID: 30668813 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The free radical nitric oxide (NO) is a critical regulator in modulation of wide range of growth and developmental processes as well as environmental responses in plants. In most cases, NO interacts with plant hormones to regulate these processes. It is clear that NO might work through either transcriptional or post-translational level. The redox-based post-translational modification S-nitrosylation has been recognized as a NO-dependent regulatory mechanism in recent years. In general, S-nitrosylation can be understood as a product of reversible reaction where NO moiety group covalently attaches to thiol of cysteine residue resulting in the formation of S-nitrosothiol in target proteins. Recently, the crosstalk between S-nitrosylation and phytohormones has been emerging. Furthermore, several proteins involved in plant hormone signaling have been reported to undergo S-nitrosylation, which might subsequently mediate plant growth and defense response. In this review, we focus on the recent processes in protein S-nitrosylation in phytohormone signaling. In addition, both importance and challenges of future work on protein S-nitrosylation in plant hormone network are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dengjing Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hua Fang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Huo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District Lanzhou, P.R. China
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228
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Batista RA, Figueiredo DD, Santos-González J, Köhler C. Auxin regulates endosperm cellularization in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev 2019; 33:466-476. [PMID: 30819818 PMCID: PMC6446538 DOI: 10.1101/gad.316554.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Batista et al. show that increased auxin biosynthesis in the endosperm prevents its cellularization, leading to seed arrest. The endosperm is an ephemeral tissue that nourishes the developing embryo, similar to the placenta in mammals. In most angiosperms, endosperm development starts as a syncytium, in which nuclear divisions are not followed by cytokinesis. The timing of endosperm cellularization largely varies between species, and the event triggering this transition remains unknown. Here we show that increased auxin biosynthesis in the endosperm prevents its cellularization, leading to seed arrest. Auxin-overproducing seeds phenocopy paternal-excess triploid seeds derived from hybridizations of diploid maternal plants with tetraploid fathers. Concurrently, auxin-related genes are strongly overexpressed in triploid seeds, correlating with increased auxin activity. Reducing auxin biosynthesis and signaling reestablishes endosperm cellularization in triploid seeds and restores their viability, highlighting a causal role of increased auxin in preventing endosperm cellularization. We propose that auxin determines the time of endosperm cellularization, and thereby uncovered a central role of auxin in establishing hybridization barriers in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita A Batista
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 7080 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Duarte D Figueiredo
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 7080 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juan Santos-González
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 7080 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 7080 Uppsala, Sweden
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229
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Chung Y, Zhu Y, Wu MF, Simonini S, Kuhn A, Armenta-Medina A, Jin R, Østergaard L, Gillmor CS, Wagner D. Auxin Response Factors promote organogenesis by chromatin-mediated repression of the pluripotency gene SHOOTMERISTEMLESS. Nat Commun 2019; 10:886. [PMID: 30792395 PMCID: PMC6385194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specification of new organs from transit amplifying cells is critical for higher eukaryote development. In plants, a central stem cell pool maintained by the pluripotency factor SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM), is surrounded by transit amplifying cells competent to respond to auxin hormone maxima by giving rise to new organs. Auxin triggers flower initiation through Auxin Response Factor (ARF) MONOPTEROS (MP) and recruitment of chromatin remodelers to activate genes promoting floral fate. The contribution of gene repression to reproductive primordium initiation is poorly understood. Here we show that downregulation of the STM pluripotency gene promotes initiation of flowers and uncover the mechanism for STM silencing. The ARFs ETTIN (ETT) and ARF4 promote organogenesis at the reproductive shoot apex in parallel with MP via histone-deacetylation mediated transcriptional silencing of STM. ETT and ARF4 directly repress STM, while MP acts indirectly, through its target FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FIL). Our data suggest that - as in animals- downregulation of the pluripotency program is important for organogenesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhee Chung
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Miin-Feng Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Bayer Crop Science, St. Louis, MO, 63146, USA
| | - Sara Simonini
- Crop Genetics Dept, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andre Kuhn
- Crop Genetics Dept, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Alma Armenta-Medina
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato C.P., 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Run Jin
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Crop Genetics Dept, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - C Stewart Gillmor
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato C.P., 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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230
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Robert HS. Molecular Communication for Coordinated Seed and Fruit Development: What Can We Learn from Auxin and Sugars? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E936. [PMID: 30795528 PMCID: PMC6412287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed development in flowering plants is a critical part of plant life for successful reproduction. The formation of viable seeds requires the synchronous growth and development of the fruit and the three seed structures: the embryo, the endosperm, the seed coat. Molecular communication between these tissues is crucial to coordinate these developmental processes. The phytohormone auxin is a significant player in embryo, seed and fruit development. Its regulated local biosynthesis and its cell-to-cell transport capacity make of auxin the perfect candidate as a signaling molecule to coordinate the growth and development of the embryo, endosperm, seed and fruit. Moreover, newly formed seeds need nutrients and form new carbon sink, generating high sugar flow from vegetative tissues to the seeds. This review will discuss how auxin and sugars may be considered as signaling molecules to coordinate seed and fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène S Robert
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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231
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Genome-wide Identification, Expression Profiling and Evolutionary Analysis of Auxin Response Factor Gene Family in Potato (Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja). Sci Rep 2019; 9:1755. [PMID: 30742001 PMCID: PMC6370904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) play central roles in conferring auxin-mediated responses through selection of target genes in plants. Despite their physiological importance, systematic analysis of ARF genes in potato have not been investigated yet. Our genome-wide analysis identified 20 StARF (Solanum tuberosum ARF) genes from potato and found that they are unevenly distributed in all the potato chromosomes except chromosome X. Sequence alignment and conserved motif analysis suggested the presence of all typical domains in all but StARF18c that lacks B3 DNA-binding domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that potato ARF could be clustered into 3 distinct subgroups, a result supported by exon-intron structure, consensus motifs, and domain architecture. In silico expression analysis and quantitative real-time PCR experiments revealed that several StARFs were expressed in tissue-specific, biotic/abiotic stress-responsive or hormone-inducible manners, which reflected their potential roles in plant growth, development or under various stress adaptions. Strikingly, most StARFs were identified as highly abiotic stress responsive, indicating that auxin signaling might be implicated in mediating environmental stress-adaptation responses. Taken together, this analysis provides molecular insights into StARF gene family, which paves the way to functional analysis of StARF members and will facilitate potato breeding programs.
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232
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Bowman JL, Briginshaw LN, Fisher TJ, Flores-Sandoval E. Something ancient and something neofunctionalized-evolution of land plant hormone signaling pathways. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 47:64-72. [PMID: 30339930 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of land plants from a charophycean algal ancestor was accompanied by an increased diversity of regulatory networks, including signaling pathways mediating cellular communication within plants and between plants and the environment. Canonical land plant hormone signaling pathways were originally identified in angiosperms, and comparative studies in basal taxa show that they have been assembled from both ancient and newly evolved components, both before and during land plant evolution. In this review we present our current understanding, and highlight several uncertainties, of the evolution of hormone signaling pathways, focusing on the biosynthetic pathways generating putative ligands and the downstream perception and signaling pathways often leading to transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Liam N Briginshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tom J Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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233
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Lee HW, Cho C, Pandey SK, Park Y, Kim MJ, Kim J. LBD16 and LBD18 acting downstream of ARF7 and ARF19 are involved in adventitious root formation in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:46. [PMID: 30704405 PMCID: PMC6357364 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious root (AR) formation is a complex genetic trait, which is controlled by various endogenous and environmental cues. Auxin is known to play a central role in AR formation; however, the mechanisms underlying this role are not well understood. RESULTS In this study, we showed that a previously identified auxin signaling module, AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR(ARF)7/ARF19-LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN(LBD)16/LBD18 via AUXIN1(AUX1)/LIKE-AUXIN3 (LAX3) auxin influx carriers, which plays important roles in lateral root formation, is involved in AR formation in Arabidopsis. In aux1, lax3, arf7, arf19, lbd16 and lbd18 single mutants, we observed reduced numbers of ARs than in the wild type. Double and triple mutants exhibited an additional decrease in AR numbers compared with the corresponding single or double mutants, respectively, and the aux1 lax3 lbd16 lbd18 quadruple mutant was devoid of ARs. Expression of LBD16 or LBD18 under their own promoters in lbd16 or lbd18 mutants rescued the reduced number of ARs to wild-type levels. LBD16 or LBD18 fused to a dominant SRDX repressor suppressed promoter activity of the cell cycle gene, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase(CDK)A1;1, to some extent. Expression of LBD16 or LBD18 was significantly reduced in arf7 and arf19 mutants during AR formation in a light-dependent manner, but not in arf6 and arf8. GUS expression analysis of promoter-GUS reporter transgenic lines revealed overlapping expression patterns for LBD16, LBD18, ARF7, ARF19 and LAX3 in AR primordia. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the ARF7/ARF19-LBD16/LBD18 transcriptional module via the AUX1/LAX3 auxin influx carriers plays an important role in AR formation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Woo Lee
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbongro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
| | - Chuloh Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbongro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
| | - Shashank K. Pandey
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbongro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
| | - Yoona Park
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbongro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbongro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbongro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
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234
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High levels of auxin signalling define the stem-cell organizer of the vascular cambium. Nature 2019; 565:485-489. [PMID: 30626967 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wood, a type of xylem tissue, originates from cell proliferation of the vascular cambium. Xylem is produced inside, and phloem outside, of the cambium1. Morphogenesis in plants is typically coordinated by organizer cells that direct the adjacent stem cells to undergo programmed cell division and differentiation. The location of the vascular cambium stem cells and whether the organizer concept applies to the cambium are currently unknown2. Here, using lineage-tracing and molecular genetic studies in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, we show that cells with a xylem identity direct adjacent vascular cambial cells to divide and function as stem cells. Thus, these xylem-identity cells constitute an organizer. A local maximum of the phytohormone auxin, and consequent expression of CLASS III HOMEODOMAIN-LEUCINE ZIPPER (HD-ZIP III) transcription factors, promotes xylem identity and cellular quiescence of the organizer cells. Additionally, the organizer maintains phloem identity in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Consistent with this dual function of the organizer cells, xylem and phloem originate from a single, bifacial stem cell in each radial cell file, which confirms the classical theory of a uniseriate vascular cambium3. Clones that display high levels of ectopically activated auxin signalling differentiate as xylem vessels; these clones induce cell divisions and the expression of cambial and phloem markers in the adjacent cells, which suggests that a local auxin-signalling maximum is sufficient to specify a stem-cell organizer. Although vascular cambium has a unique function among plant meristems, the stem-cell organizer of this tissue shares features with the organizers of root and shoot meristems.
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236
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Islam W, Naveed H, Zaynab M, Huang Z, Chen HYH. Plant defense against virus diseases; growth hormones in highlights. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1596719. [PMID: 30957658 PMCID: PMC6546145 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1596719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are critical in various aspects of plant biology such as growth regulations and defense strategies against pathogens. Plant-virus interactions retard plant growth through rapid alterations in phytohormones and their signaling pathways. Recent research findings show evidence of how viruses impact upon modulation of various phytohormones affecting plant growth regulations. The opinion is getting stronger that virus-mediated phytohormone disruption and alteration weaken plant defense strategies through enhanced replication and systemic spread of viral particles. These hormones regulate plant-virus interactions in various ways that may involve antagonism and cross talk to modulate small RNA (sRNA) systems. The article aims to highlight the recent research findings elaborating the impact of viruses upon manipulation of phytohormones and virus biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Islam
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hassan Naveed
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Madiha Zaynab
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiqun Huang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Zhiqun Huang Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada
- CONTACT Han Y. H. Chen Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Ontario Canada
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237
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Gasser CS, Skinner DJ. Development and evolution of the unique ovules of flowering plants. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 131:373-399. [PMID: 30612624 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovules are the precursors to seeds and as such are critical to plant propagation and food production. Mutant studies have led to the identification of numerous genes regulating ovule development. Genes encoding transcription factors have been shown to direct ovule spacing, ovule identity and integument formation. Particular co-regulators have now been associated with activities of some of these transcription factors, and other protein families including cell surface receptors have been shown to regulate ovule development. Hormone levels and transport, especially of auxin, have also been shown to play critical roles in ovule emergence and morphogenesis and to interact with the transcriptional regulators. Ovule diversification has been studied using orthologs of regulatory genes in divergent angiosperm groups. Combining modern genetic evidence with expanding knowledge of the fossil record illuminates the possible origin of the unique bitegmic ovules of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Gasser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Debra J Skinner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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238
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Yamaguchi N, Huang J, Tatsumi Y, Abe M, Sugano SS, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Kiba T, Yokoyama R, Nishitani K, Sakakibara H, Ito T. Chromatin-mediated feed-forward auxin biosynthesis in floral meristem determinacy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5290. [PMID: 30538233 PMCID: PMC6289996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, the switch from floral stem cell maintenance to gynoecium (female structure) formation is a critical developmental transition for reproductive success. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AGAMOUS (AG) terminates floral stem cell activities to trigger this transition. Although CRABS CLAW (CRC) is a direct target of AG, previous research has not identified any common targets. Here, we identify an auxin synthesis gene, YUCCA4 (YUC4) as a common direct target. Ectopic YUC4 expression partially rescues the indeterminate phenotype and cell wall defects that are caused by the crc mutation. The feed-forward YUC4 activation by AG and CRC directs a precise change in chromatin state for the shift from floral stem cell maintenance to gynoecium formation. We also showed that two auxin-related direct CRC targets, YUC4 and TORNADO2, cooperatively contribute to the termination of floral stem cell maintenance. This finding provides new insight into the CRC-mediated auxin homeostasis regulation for proper gynoecium formation. In Arabidopsis, the AG and CRC transcription factors terminate floral stem cells and allow the emergence of female floral organs. Here the authors show that AG and CRC form a feed-forward loop that controls local auxin biosynthesis via induction of YUCCA4 to ensure successful gynoecium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Jiangbo Huang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yoshitaka Tatsumi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masato Abe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shigeo S Sugano
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishitani
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
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239
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Integrated transcriptome and hormone profiling highlight the role of multiple phytohormone pathways in wheat resistance against fusarium head blight. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207036. [PMID: 30403737 PMCID: PMC6221353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB or scab) caused by Fusarium spp. is a destructive disease of wheat. Since the most effective sources of FHB resistance are typically associated with unfavorable agronomic traits, breeding commercial cultivars that combine desired agronomic traits and a high level of FHB resistance remains a considerable challenge. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing FHB resistance will help to design more efficient and precise breeding strategies. Here, multiple molecular tools and assays were deployed to compare the resistant variety Sumai3 with three regionally adapted Canadian cultivars. Macroscopic and microscopic disease evaluation established the relative level of Type II FHB resistance of the four varieties and revealed that the F. graminearum infection process displayed substantial temporal differences among organs. The rachis was found to play a critical role in preventing F. graminearum spread within spikes. Large-scale, organ-specific RNA-seq at different times after F. graminearum infection demonstrated that diverse defense mechanisms were expressed faster and more intensely in the spikelet of resistant varieties. The roles of plant hormones during the interaction of wheat with F. graminearum was inferred based on the transcriptomic data obtained and the quantification of the major plant hormones. Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid were found to play predominantly positive roles in FHB resistance, whereas auxin and ABA were associated with susceptibility, and ethylene appeared to play a dual role during the interaction with F graminearum.
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240
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Galli M, Khakhar A, Lu Z, Chen Z, Sen S, Joshi T, Nemhauser JL, Schmitz RJ, Gallavotti A. The DNA binding landscape of the maize AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR family. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4526. [PMID: 30375394 PMCID: PMC6207667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs) are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that couple perception of the hormone auxin to gene expression programs essential to all land plants. As with many large TF families, a key question is whether individual members determine developmental specificity by binding distinct target genes. We use DAP-seq to generate genome-wide in vitro TF:DNA interaction maps for fourteen maize ARFs from the evolutionarily conserved A and B clades. Comparative analysis reveal a high degree of binding site overlap for ARFs of the same clade, but largely distinct clade A and B binding. Many sites are however co-occupied by ARFs from both clades, suggesting transcriptional coordination for many genes. Among these, we investigate known QTLs and use machine learning to predict the impact of cis-regulatory variation. Overall, large-scale comparative analysis of ARF binding suggests that auxin response specificity may be determined by factors other than individual ARF binding site selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Galli
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Arjun Khakhar
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Zefu Lu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zongliang Chen
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Sidharth Sen
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Health Management and Informatics and Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | | | - Robert J Schmitz
- Department of Genetics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA. .,Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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241
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Liao D, Wang S, Cui M, Liu J, Chen A, Xu G. Phytohormones Regulate the Development of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3146. [PMID: 30322086 PMCID: PMC6213213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most terrestrial plants are able to form a root symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for enhancing the assimilation of mineral nutrients. AM fungi are obligate symbionts that depend on host plants as their sole carbon source. Development of an AM association requires a continuous signal exchange between the two symbionts, which triggers coordinated differentiation of both partners, to enable their interaction within the root cells. The control of the AM symbiosis involves a finely-tuned process, and an increasing number of studies have pointed to a pivotal role of several phytohormones, such as strigolactones (SLs), gibberellic acids (GAs), and auxin, in the modulation of AM symbiosis, through the early recognition of events up to the final arbuscular formation. SLs are involved in the presymbiotic growth of the fungus, while auxin is required for both the early steps of fungal growth and the differentiation of arbuscules. GAs modulate arbuscule formation in a dose-dependent manner, via DELLA proteins, a group of GRAS transcription factors that negatively control the GA signaling. Here, we summarize the recent findings on the roles of these plant hormones in AM symbiosis, and also explore the current understanding of how the DELLA proteins act as central regulators to coordinate plant hormone signaling, to regulate the AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Miaomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Aiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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242
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Zhou JJ, Luo J. The PIN-FORMED Auxin Efflux Carriers in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2759. [PMID: 30223430 PMCID: PMC6164769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin plays crucial roles in multiple developmental processes, such as embryogenesis, organogenesis, cell determination and division, as well as tropic responses. These processes are finely coordinated by the auxin, which requires the polar distribution of auxin within tissues and cells. The intercellular directionality of auxin flow is closely related to the asymmetric subcellular location of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporters. All PIN proteins have a conserved structure with a central hydrophilic loop domain, which harbors several phosphosites targeted by a set of protein kinases. The activities of PIN proteins are finely regulated by diverse endogenous and exogenous stimuli at multiple layers-including transcriptional and epigenetic levels, post-transcriptional modifications, subcellular trafficking, as well as PINs' recycling and turnover-to facilitate the developmental processes in an auxin gradient-dependent manner. Here, the recent advances in the structure, evolution, regulation and functions of PIN proteins in plants will be discussed. The information provided by this review will shed new light on the asymmetric auxin-distribution-dependent development processes mediated by PIN transporters in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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243
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Wójcikowska B, Botor M, Morończyk J, Wójcik AM, Nodzyński T, Karcz J, Gaj MD. Trichostatin A Triggers an Embryogenic Transition in Arabidopsis Explants via an Auxin-Related Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1353. [PMID: 30271420 PMCID: PMC6146766 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is an important regulator of plant ontogenies including embryo development and the exogenous application of this phytohormone has been found to be necessary for the induction of the embryogenic response in plant explants that have been cultured in vitro. However, in the present study, we show that treatment of Arabidopsis explants with trichostatin A (TSA), which is a chemical inhibitor of histone deacetylases, induces somatic embryogenesis (SE) without the exogenous application of auxin. We found that the TSA-treated explants generated somatic embryos that developed efficiently on the adaxial side of the cotyledons, which are the parts of an explant that are involved in auxin-induced SE. A substantial reduction in the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) was observed in the TSA-treated explants, thus confirming a histone acetylation-related mechanism of the TSA-promoted embryogenic response. Unexpectedly, the embryogenic effect of TSA was lower on the auxin-supplemented media and this finding further suggests an auxin-related mechanism of TSA-induced SE. Congruently, we found a significantly increased content of indolic compounds, which is indicative of IAA and an enhanced DR5::GUS signal in the TSA-treated explants. In line with these results, two of the YUCCA genes (YUC1 and YUC10), which are involved in auxin biosynthesis, were found to be distinctly up-regulated during TSA-induced SE and their expression was colocalised with the explant sites that are involved in SE. Beside auxin, ROS were extensively accumulated in response to TSA, thereby indicating that a stress-response is involved in TSA-triggered SE. Relevantly, we showed that the genes encoding the transcription factors (TFs) that have a regulatory function in auxin biosynthesis including LEC1, LEC2, BBM, and stress responses (MYB118) were highly up-regulated in the TSA-treated explants. Collectively, the results provide several pieces of evidence about the similarities between the molecular pathways of SE induction that are triggered by TSA and 2,4-D that involve the activation of the auxin-responsive TF genes that have a regulatory function in auxin biosynthesis and stress responses. The study suggests the involvement of histone acetylation in the auxin-mediated release of the embryogenic program of development in the somatic cells of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malwina Botor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of SilesiaKatowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Morończyk
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Wójcik
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nodzyński
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czechia
| | - Jagna Karcz
- Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata D. Gaj
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
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244
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Biedroń M, Banasiak A. Auxin-mediated regulation of vascular patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1215-1229. [PMID: 29992374 PMCID: PMC6096608 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system develops in response to auxin flow as continuous strands of conducting tissues arranged in regular spatial patterns. However, a mechanism governing their regular and repetitive formation remains to be fully elucidated. A model system for studying the vascular pattern formation is the process of leaf vascularization in Arabidopsis. In this paper, we present current knowledge of important factors and their interactions in this process. Additionally, we propose the sequence of events leading to the emergence of continuous vascular strands and point to significant problems that need to be resolved in the future to gain a better understanding of the regulation of the vascular pattern development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Biedroń
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Banasiak
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland.
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245
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Pierre-Jerome E, Drapek C, Benfey PN. Regulation of Division and Differentiation of Plant Stem Cells. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018; 34:289-310. [PMID: 30134119 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in developmental biology is unraveling the precise regulation of plant stem cell maintenance and the transition to a fully differentiated cell. In this review, we highlight major themes coordinating the acquisition of cell identity and subsequent differentiation in plants. Plant cells are immobile and establish position-dependent cell lineages that rely heavily on external cues. Central players are the hormones auxin and cytokinin, which balance cell division and differentiation during organogenesis. Transcription factors and miRNAs, many of which are mobile in plants, establish gene regulatory networks that communicate cell position and fate. Small peptide signaling also provides positional cues as new cell types emerge from stem cell division and progress through differentiation. These pathways recruit similar players for patterning different organs, emphasizing the modular nature of gene regulatory networks. Finally, we speculate on the outstanding questions in the field and discuss how they may be addressed by emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Pierre-Jerome
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
| | - Colleen Drapek
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
| | - Philip N Benfey
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
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246
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Karban R, Orrock JL. A judgment and decision‐making model for plant behavior. Ecology 2018; 99:1909-1919. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Karban
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California, Davis Davis California 95616 USA
| | - John L. Orrock
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53704 USA
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247
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Liu K, Li Y, Chen X, Li L, Liu K, Zhao H, Wang Y, Han S. ERF72 interacts with ARF6 and BZR1 to regulate hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3933-3947. [PMID: 29897568 PMCID: PMC6054149 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormones brassinosteroid (BR), auxin, and gibberellin (GA) regulate photomorphogenesis-related hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis via the co-operative interaction of BZR-ARF-PIF/DELLA (BAP/D) transcription factors/regulators. In addition, ethylene activates the PIF3 or ERF1 pathway through EIN3/EIL1 to balance hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis seedlings. However, the mechanism by which ethylene is co-ordinated with other phytohormones to produce light-regulated hypocotyl growth remains elusive. In this study, we found that hypocotyl cell elongation is regulated by a network involving ethylene, auxin, and BR signalling, which is mediated by interactions among ERF72, ARF6, and BZR1. ERF72 interacted directly with ARF6 and BZR1 in vitro and in vivo, and it antagonised regulation by ARF6 and BZR1 of the transcription of BEE3 and XTH7. In addition, light modulated the subcellular localisation of ERF72 and transcription of ERF72 through the EIN2-EIN3/EIL1 pathway, facilitating the function of ERF72 in photomorphogenesis. The expression of BEE3 and XTH7 was also regulated by the EIN2-EIN3/EIL1 pathway. Our findings indicate that a revised BZR-ARF-PIF/DELLA-ERF (BAP/DE) module integrates light and hormone signals to regulate hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuena Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingdian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Shengcheng Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
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248
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Zhao W, Nguyen H, Zeng G, Gao D, Yan H, Liang FS. A chemically induced proximity system engineered from the plant auxin signaling pathway. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5822-5827. [PMID: 30079194 PMCID: PMC6050582 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods based on chemically induced proximity (CIP) serve as powerful tools to control cellular processes in a temporally specific manner. To expand the repertoire of CIP systems available for studies of cellular processes, we engineered the plant auxin signaling pathway to create a new indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) based CIP method. Auxin-induced protein degradation that occurs in the natural pathway was eliminated in the system. The new IAA based method is both readily inducible and reversible, and used to control the production of therapeutic proteins that induced the apoptosis of cancer cells. The approach is also orthogonal to existing CIP systems and used to construct a biological Boolean logic gate controlling gene expression system. We believe that the new CIP method will be applicable to the artificial control and dissection of complex cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , 300 Terrace Street NE , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , USA .
| | - Huong Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , 300 Terrace Street NE , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , USA .
| | - Guihua Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , 300 Terrace Street NE , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , USA .
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , 300 Terrace Street NE , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , USA .
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , 300 Terrace Street NE , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , USA .
| | - Fu-Sen Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , 300 Terrace Street NE , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , USA .
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Regulation of SCF TIR1/AFBs E3 ligase assembly by S-nitrosylation of Arabidopsis SKP1-like1 impacts on auxin signaling. Redox Biol 2018; 18:200-210. [PMID: 30031268 PMCID: PMC6076216 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The F-box proteins (FBPs) TIR1/AFBs are the substrate recognition subunits of SKP1–cullin–F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complexes and together with Aux/IAAs form the auxin co-receptor. Although tremendous knowledge on auxin perception and signaling has been gained in the last years, SCFTIR1/AFBs complex assembly and stabilization are emerging as new layers of regulation. Here, we investigated how nitric oxide (NO), through S-nitrosylation of ASK1 is involved in SCFTIR1/AFBs assembly. We demonstrate that ASK1 is S-nitrosylated and S-glutathionylated in cysteine (Cys) 37 and Cys118 residues in vitro. Both, in vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction assays show that NO enhances ASK1 binding to CUL1 and TIR1/AFB2, required for SCFTIR1/AFB2 assembly. In addition, we demonstrate that Cys37 and Cys118 are essential residues for proper activation of auxin signaling pathway in planta. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cys37 residue is only conserved in SKP proteins in Angiosperms, suggesting that S-nitrosylation on Cys37 could represent an evolutionary adaption for SKP1 function in flowering plants. Collectively, these findings indicate that multiple events of redox modifications might be part of a fine-tuning regulation of SCFTIR1/AFBs for proper auxin signal transduction. ASK1 adaptor protein of the SCFTIR1/AFB E3 ligase complex is redox regulated. NO regulates ASK1 function by S-nitrosylation in Cys37 and Cys118 residues. NO enhances ASK1-CUL1 and ASK1-TIR1/AFB2 protein-protein interactions required for SCFTIR1/AFB2 assembly in vitro and in vivo. S-nitrosylated residues in ASK1 are essential for activation of auxin signaling pathway in plants.
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Gaillochet C, Jamge S, van der Wal F, Angenent G, Immink R, Lohmann JU. A molecular network for functional versatility of HECATE transcription factors. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:57-70. [PMID: 29667268 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
During the plant life cycle, diverse signaling inputs are continuously integrated and engage specific genetic programs depending on the cellular or developmental context. Consistent with an important role in this process, HECATE (HEC) basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors display diverse functions, from photomorphogenesis to the control of shoot meristem dynamics and gynoecium patterning. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their functional versatility and the deployment of specific HEC subprograms remain elusive. To address this issue, we systematically identified proteins with the capacity to interact with HEC1, the best-characterized member of the family, and integrated this information with our data set of direct HEC1 target genes. The resulting core genetic modules were consistent with specific developmental functions of HEC1, including its described activities in light signaling, gynoecium development and auxin homeostasis. Importantly, we found that HEC genes also play a role in the modulation of flowering time, and uncovered that their role in gynoecium development may involve the direct transcriptional regulation of NGATHA1 (NGA1) and NGA2 genes. NGA factors were previously shown to contribute to fruit development, but our data now show that they also modulate stem cell homeostasis in the shoot apical meristem. Taken together, our results delineate a molecular network underlying the functional versatility of HEC transcription factors. Our analyses have not only allowed us to identify relevant target genes controlling shoot stem cell activity and a so far undescribed biological function of HEC1, but also provide a rich resource for the mechanistic elucidation of further context-dependent HEC activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Gaillochet
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Suraj Jamge
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, The Netherlands
| | - Froukje van der Wal
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco Angenent
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Immink
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, The Netherlands
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
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