201
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Karnchanapandh K, Hanpaibool C, Mahalapbutr P, Rungrotmongkol T. Source of oseltamivir resistance due to single E276D, R292K, and double E276D/R292K mutations in H10N4 influenza neuraminidase. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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202
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Abstract
The apical junctional complexes (AJCs) of airway epithelial cells are a key component of the innate immune system by creating barriers to pathogens, inhaled allergens, and environmental particles. AJCs form between adjacent cells and consist of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). Respiratory viruses have been shown to target various components of the AJCs, leading to airway epithelial barrier dysfunction by different mechanisms. Virus-induced epithelial permeability may allow for allergens and bacterial pathogens to subsequently invade. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to disruption of AJCs and the potential ensuing ramifications. We focus on the following viruses that affect the pulmonary system: respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, influenza viruses, immunodeficiency virus, and other viruses such as coxsackievirus, adenovirus, coronaviruses, measles, parainfluenza virus, bocavirus, and vaccinia virus. Understanding the mechanisms by which viruses target the AJC and impair barrier function may help design therapeutic innovations to treat these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra T Linfield
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andjela Raduka
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mahyar Aghapour
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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203
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Yang J, Zhang B, Huang Y, Liu T, Zeng B, Chai J, Wu J, Xu X. Antiviral activity and mechanism of ESC-1GN from skin secretion of hylarana guentheri against influenza a virus. J Biochem 2021; 169:757-765. [PMID: 33624755 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of new and effective anti-influenza drugs is critical for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A virus infection. A wide range of amphibian skin secretions have been identified to show antiviral activity. Our previously reported ESC-1GN, a peptide from the skin secretion of Hylarana guentheri, displayed good antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we found that ESC-1GN possessed significant antiviral effects against influenza A viruses. Moreover, ESC-1GN could inhibit the entry of divergent H5N1 and H1N1 virus strains with the IC50 values from 1.29 to 4.59 μM. Mechanism studies demonstrated that ESC-1GN disrupted membrane fusion activity of influenza A viruses by interaction with HA2 subunit. The results of site-directed mutant assay and molecular docking revealed that E105, N50 and the residues around them on HA2 subunit could form hydrogen bonds with amino acid on ESC-1GN, which were critical for ESC-1GN binding to HA2 and inhibiting the entry of influenza A viruses. Altogether, these not only suggest that ESC-1GN maybe represent a new type of excellent template designing drugs against influenza A viruses, but also it may shed light on the immune mechanism and survival strategy of H. guentheri against viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yingna Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Baishuang Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiena Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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204
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Vizarraga D, Torres-Puig S, Aparicio D, Pich OQ. The Sialoglycan Binding Adhesins of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:477-481. [PMID: 33593698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium (Mge) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mpn) are two human pathogens associated with urogenital and respiratory tract infections, respectively. The recent elucidation of the tridimensional structure of their major cytoadhesins by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy/tomography, has provided important insights regarding the mechanics of infection and evasion of immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vizarraga
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Torres-Puig
- Research Unit of Molecular Microbiology (RUMM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Aparicio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oscar Q Pich
- Laboratori de Recerca en Microbiologia i Malalties Infeccioses, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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205
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Abstract
The influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is becoming a focus for novel vaccine designs. However, the epitopes of human anti-NA antibodies have been poorly defined. Using a panel of 10 anti-N2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that bind the H3N2 virus A/Switzerland/9715293/2013, we generated five escape mutant viruses. These viruses contained mutations K199E/T, E258K, A272D, and S331N. We found that mutations at K199 and E258 had the largest impact on MAb binding, NA inhibition and neutralization activity. In addition, a natural isolate from the 2017-2018 season was found to contain the E258K mutation and was resistant to numerous antibodies tested. The mutation S331N, was identified in virus passaged in the presence of antibody; however, it had little impact on MAb activity and greatly decreased viral fitness. This information aids in identifying novel human MAb epitopes on the N2 and helps with the detection of antigenically drifted NAs. IMPORTANCE The influenza virus neuraminidase is an emerging target for universal influenza virus vaccines. However, in contrast to influenza virus hemagglutinin, we know little about antibody epitopes and antigenic sites on the neuraminidase. Characterizing and defining these sites is aiding vaccine development and helping to understand antigenic drift of NA.
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206
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Mtambo SE, Amoako DG, Somboro AM, Agoni C, Lawal MM, Gumede NS, Khan RB, Kumalo HM. Influenza Viruses: Harnessing the Crucial Role of the M2 Ion-Channel and Neuraminidase toward Inhibitor Design. Molecules 2021; 26:880. [PMID: 33562349 PMCID: PMC7916051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses, influenza viruses (IVs) are known causative agents of respiratory infection in vertebrates. They remain a major global threat responsible for the most virulent diseases and global pandemics in humans. The virulence of IVs and the consequential high morbidity and mortality of IV infections are primarily attributed to the high mutation rates in the IVs' genome coupled with the numerous genomic segments, which give rise to antiviral resistant and vaccine evading strains. Current therapeutic options include vaccines and small molecule inhibitors, which therapeutically target various catalytic processes in IVs. However, the periodic emergence of new IV strains necessitates the continuous development of novel anti-influenza therapeutic options. The crux of this review highlights the recent studies on the biology of influenza viruses, focusing on the structure, function, and mechanism of action of the M2 channel and neuraminidase as therapeutic targets. We further provide an update on the development of new M2 channel and neuraminidase inhibitors as an alternative to existing anti-influenza therapy. We conclude by highlighting therapeutic strategies that could be explored further towards the design of novel anti-influenza inhibitors with the ability to inhibit resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sphamadla E. Mtambo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Daniel G. Amoako
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Anou M. Somboro
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Clement Agoni
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Monsurat M. Lawal
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Nelisiwe S. Gumede
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Rene B. Khan
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.A.); (M.M.L.); (N.S.G.); (R.B.K.)
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207
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Effect of N-linked glycosylation at position 162 of hemagglutinin in influenza A virus A(H1N1)pdm09. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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208
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Abstract
Influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and represent a pandemic risk. With current vaccine methods struggling to protect populations against emerging strains, there is a demand for a next-generation flu vaccine capable of providing broad protection. Recombinant biotechnology, combined with nanomedicine techniques, could address this demand by increasing immunogenicity and directing immune responses toward conserved antigenic targets on the virus. Various nanoparticle candidates have been tested for use in vaccines, including virus-like particles, protein and carbohydrate nanoconstructs, antigen-carrying lipid particles, and synthetic and inorganic particles modified for antigen presentation. These methods have yielded some promising results, including protection in animal models against antigenically distinct influenza strains, production of antibodies with broad reactivity, and activation of potent T cell responses. Based on the evidence of current research, it is feasible that the next generation of influenza vaccines will combine recombinant antigens with nanoparticle carriers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Carriers/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/pharmacokinetics
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Protein Engineering
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacokinetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Proteins/pharmacokinetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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209
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Neuraminidase Inhibitor Zanamivir Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031428. [PMID: 33572654 PMCID: PMC7867009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered sialylation patterns play a role in chronic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies have shown the pro-inflammatory activities of immunoglobulins (Igs) with desialylated sugar moieties. The role of neuraminidases (NEUs), enzymes which are responsible for the cleavage of terminal sialic acids (SA) from sialoglycoconjugates, is not fully understood in RA. We investigated the impact of zanamivir, an inhibitor of the influenza virus neuraminidase, and mammalian NEU2/3 on clinical outcomes in experimental arthritides studies. The severity of arthritis was monitored and IgG titers were measured by ELISA. (2,6)-linked SA was determined on IgG by ELISA and on cell surfaces by flow cytometry. Zanamivir at a dose of 100 mg/kg (zana-100) significantly ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), whereas zana-100 was ineffective in serum transfer-induced arthritis. Systemic zana-100 treatment reduced the number of splenic CD138+/TACI+ plasma cells and CD19+ B cells, which was associated with lower IgG levels and an increased sialylation status of IgG compared to controls. Our data reveal the contribution of NEU2/3 in CIA. Zanamivir down-modulated the T and B cell-dependent humoral immune response and induced an anti-inflammatory milieu by inhibiting sialic acid degradation. We suggest that neuraminidases might represent a promising therapeutic target for RA and possibly also for other antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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210
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MD simulation of the interaction between sialoglycans and the second sialic acid binding site of influenza A virus N1 neuraminidase. Biochem J 2021; 478:423-441. [PMID: 33410905 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The neuraminidases (NAs) of avian influenza viruses (IAVs) contain a second sialic acid-binding site (2SBS), historically known as the hemadsorption site, which is separated from the sialyl-hydrolase catalytic site and serves to facilitate NA catalytic activity towards multivalent sialyl-capped glycoconjugates. Transmission and adaptation of avian IAVs to humans decreases hemadsorption and catalytic activities of the NA. Here, we report the molecular recognition features of the NA 2SBS of two pandemic H1N1 IAVs, A/Brevig Mission /1/1918 (BM18) and A/California/04/2009 (CA09), differing by their 2SBS activity. Using explicit solvent MD simulation, molecular mechanics, and glycosidic conformation analysis we initially analyzed the interactions of BM18 2SBS with two sialyllacto-N-tetraose pentasaccharides, 3'SLN-LC and 6'SLN-LC, which are models for the glycan receptors of IAVs in birds and humans, respectively. These studies characterize the binding specificity of BM18 2SBS towards human-type and avian-type receptors and identifies the key amino acids that affects binding. We next compared the interactions of the 2SBSs of BM18 and CA09 with 6'SLN-LC, revealing the critical effect of amino acid 372 on binding. Our results expand the current knowledge of the molecular features of NA 2SBSs and its alteration during the adaptation of avian IAVs to humans.
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211
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Latreille E, Lee WL. Interactions of Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 with the Lung Endothelium: Similarities, Differences, and Implications for Therapy. Viruses 2021; 13:161. [PMID: 33499234 PMCID: PMC7911974 DOI: 10.3390/v13020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a constant threat to public health given their ability to cause global pandemics. Infection with either virus may lead to aberrant host responses, such as excessive immune cell recruitment and activation, dysregulated inflammation, and coagulopathy. These may contribute to the development of lung edema and respiratory failure. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that lung endothelial cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of both viruses. In this review, we discuss how infection with influenza or SARS-CoV-2 may induce endothelial dysfunction. We compare the effects of infection of these two viruses, how they may contribute to pathogenesis, and discuss the implications for potential treatment. Understanding the differences between the effects of these two viruses on lung endothelial cells will provide important insight to guide the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Latreille
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Warren L. Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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212
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N-Linked Glycosylation Plays an Important Role in Budding of Neuraminidase Protein and Virulence of Influenza Viruses. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02042-20. [PMID: 33177197 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02042-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) has multiple functions in the life cycle of influenza virus, especially in the late stage of virus replication. Both of hemagglutinin (HA) and NA are highly glycosylated proteins. N-linked glycosylation (NLG) of HA has been reported to contribute to immune escape and virulence of influenza viruses. However, the function of NLG of NA remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that NLG is critical for budding ability of NA. Tunicamycin treatment or NLG knockout significantly inhibited the budding of NA. Further studies showed that the NLG knockout caused attenuation of virus in vitro and in vivo Notably, the NLG at 219 position plays an important role in the budding, replication, and virulence of H1N1 influenza virus. To explore the underlying mechanism, the unfolded protein response (UPR) was determined in NLG knockout NA overexpressed cells, which showed that the mutant NA was mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the UPR markers BIP and p-eIF2α were upregulated, and XBP1 was downregulated. All the results indicated that NLG knockout NA was stacked in the ER and triggered UPR, which might shut down the budding process of NA. Overall, the study shed light on the function of NLG of NA in virus replication and budding.IMPORTANCE NA is a highly glycosylated protein. Nevertheless, how the NLG affects the function of NA protein remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that NLG plays important roles in budding and Neuraminidase activity of NA protein. Loss of NLG attenuated viral budding and replication. In particular, the 219 NLG site mutation significantly attenuated the replication and virulence of H1N1 influenza virus in vitro and in vivo, which suggested that NLG of NA protein is a novel virulence marker for influenza viruses.
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213
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Ma N, Li X, Jiang H, Dai Y, Xu G, Zhang Z. Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Engages CD83 and Promotes Pulmonary Injury. J Virol 2021; 95:e01753-20. [PMID: 33177200 PMCID: PMC7925101 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01753-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses cause severe respiratory illnesses in humans and animals. Overreaction of the innate immune response to influenza virus infection results in hypercytokinemia, which is responsible for mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanism by which influenza induces hypercytokinemia is not fully understood. In this study, we established a mouse-adapted H9N2 virus, MA01, to evaluate the innate immune response to influenza in the lung. MA01 infection caused high levels of cytokine release, enhanced pulmonary injury in mice, and upregulated CD83 protein in dendritic cells and macrophages in the lung. Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) unmasked CD83 protein and contributed to high cytokine levels. Furthermore, we provide evidence that CD83 is a sialylated glycoprotein. Neuraminidase treatment enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells. Anti-CD83 treatment alleviated influenza virus-induced lung injury in mice. Our study indicates that influenza virus neuraminidase modulates CD83 status and contributes to the "cytokine storm," which may suggest a new approach to curb this immune injury.IMPORTANCE The massive release of circulating mediators of inflammation is responsible for lung injury during influenza A virus infection. This phenomenon is referred to as the "cytokine storm." However, the mechanism by which influenza induces the cytokine storm is not fully understood. In this study, we have shown that neuraminidase unmasked CD83 protein in the lung and contributed to high cytokine levels. Anti-CD83 treatment could diminish immune damage to lung tissue. The NA-CD83 axis may represent a target for an interruption of influenza-induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingjie Li
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulong Dai
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongde Zhang
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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214
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Abstract
Over the past 60 years, more than 100 antiviral drugs or their combinations have been approved for clinical use. Antiviral drugs can be classified according to their chemical nature (e.g., small-molecules, peptides, biologics) or mechanisms of drug actions against specific viral proteins (e.g., polymerase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, glycoprotein inhibitors). This article provides an overview of antiviral classifications in 10 important human viruses: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), variola virus (human smallpox), varicella zoster virus (VZV), influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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215
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Elkhalifa D, Al-Hashimi I, Al Moustafa AE, Khalil A. A comprehensive review on the antiviral activities of chalcones. J Drug Target 2020; 29:403-419. [PMID: 33232192 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1853759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Some viral outbreaks have plagued the world since antiquity, including the most recent COVID-19 pandemic. The continuous spread and emergence of new viral diseases have urged the discovery of novel treatment options that can overcome the limitations of currently marketed antiviral drugs. Chalcones are natural open chain flavonoids that are found in various plants and can be synthesised in labs. Several studies have shown that these small organic molecules exert a number of pharmacological activities, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the antiviral activities of chalcones and their derivatives on a set of human viral infections and their potential for targeting the most recent COVID-19 disease. Accordingly, we herein review chalcones activities on the following human viruses: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, human immunodeficiency, influenza, human rhinovirus, herpes simplex, dengue, human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C, Rift Valley fever and Venezuelan equine encephalitis. We hope that this review will pave the way for the design and development of potentially potent and broad-spectrum chalcone based antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Elkhalifa
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pharmacy, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ashraf Khalil
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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216
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Kumar A, Singh AK, Tripathi G. Phytochemicals as Potential Curative Agents against Viral Infection: A Review. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200910093524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present pandemic erupted due to highly contagious coronavirus SARS-CoV-
2, and lack of any efficient therapy to restrain its infection and treatment, led the scientific
community to re-evaluate the efficacy of commonly available phytochemicals as potential
therapeutic agents. The vast pharmacological activities and medicinal significance of the
plant-derived natural products against a diverse range of physiological disorders and diseases
are well documented. Under the current health emergency across the world, there is an
urgent requirement of repurposing of the available FDA approved drugs and natural products
which could help in controlling the infections and alleviating the severity of the diseases
as discovering entirely new chemical entity as a novel drug would be a protracted and
costly journey. Some of the phytochemicals have already displayed potential anti-viral
activity against different targets of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present review would provide an account of the
prevalent phytochemicals with antiviral activities, which would help in the development of promising drug therapy
for the treatment of COVID-19 and similar such highly infectious viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India
| | - Garima Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, T. N. B. College, TMBU, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
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217
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Shittu I, Bianco A, Gado D, Mkpuma N, Sulaiman L, Laleye A, Gobbo F, Bortolami A, Bonfante F, Vakuru C, Meseko C, Fusaro A, Shamaki D, Alabi O, Terregino C, Joannis T. First detection of highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza virus on the African continent. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:886-888. [PMID: 32312185 PMCID: PMC7241522 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1757999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Since 2013, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N6 (clade 2.3.4.4) has been reported in wild birds and poultry in Asia as well as in other parts of the globe. In Africa, information on the presence of this virus subtype is lacking. This study reports the first detection of a HPAI (H5N6) virus (clade 2.3.4.4b) in a duck from a live bird market in Nigeria, whose genome is closely related to the European 2017–2018 H5N6 viruses, indricating a recent virus introduction into the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Bianco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Dorcas Gado
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Agnes Laleye
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Columba Vakuru
- Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Alice Fusaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - David Shamaki
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Olaniran Alabi
- Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Tony Joannis
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
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218
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Thompson AJ, Paulson JC. Adaptation of influenza viruses to human airway receptors. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100017. [PMID: 33144323 PMCID: PMC7948470 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.013309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Through annual epidemics and global pandemics, influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain a significant threat to human health as the leading cause of severe respiratory disease. Within the last century, four global pandemics have resulted from the introduction of novel IAVs into humans, with components of each originating from avian viruses. IAVs infect many avian species wherein they maintain a diverse natural reservoir, posing a risk to humans through the occasional emergence of novel strains with enhanced zoonotic potential. One natural barrier for transmission of avian IAVs into humans is the specificity of the receptor-binding protein, hemagglutinin (HA), which recognizes sialic-acid-containing glycans on host cells. HAs from human IAVs exhibit “human-type” receptor specificity, binding exclusively to glycans on cells lining the human airway where terminal sialic acids are attached in the α2-6 configuration (NeuAcα2-6Gal). In contrast, HAs from avian viruses exhibit specificity for “avian-type” α2-3-linked (NeuAcα2-3Gal) receptors and thus require adaptive mutations to bind human-type receptors. Since all human IAV pandemics can be traced to avian origins, there remains ever-present concern over emerging IAVs with human-adaptive potential that might lead to the next pandemic. This concern has been brought into focus through emergence of SARS-CoV-2, aligning both scientific and public attention to the threat of novel respiratory viruses from animal sources. In this review, we summarize receptor-binding adaptations underlying the emergence of all prior IAV pandemics in humans, maintenance and evolution of human-type receptor specificity in subsequent seasonal IAVs, and potential for future human-type receptor adaptation in novel avian HAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA.
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219
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Genetic and Antigenic Evolution of European Swine Influenza A Viruses of HA-1C (Avian-Like) and HA-1B (Human-Like) Lineages in France from 2000 to 2018. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111304. [PMID: 33202972 PMCID: PMC7697621 DOI: 10.3390/v12111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the genetic and antigenic evolution of swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) of the two main enzootic H1 lineages, i.e., HA-1C (H1av) and -1B (H1hu), circulating in France between 2000 and 2018. SwIAV RNAs extracted from 1220 swine nasal swabs were hemagglutinin/neuraminidase (HA/NA) subtyped by RT-qPCRs, and 293 virus isolates were sequenced. In addition, 146 H1avNy and 105 H1huNy strains were submitted to hemagglutination inhibition tests. H1avN1 (66.5%) and H1huN2 (25.4%) subtypes were predominant. Most H1 strains belonged to HA-1C.2.1 or -1B.1.2.3 clades, but HA-1C.2, -1C.2.2, -1C.2.3, -1B.1.1, and -1B.1.2.1 clades were also detected sporadically. Within HA-1B.1.2.3 clade, a group of strains named "Δ146-147" harbored several amino acid mutations and a double deletion in HA, that led to a marked antigenic drift. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that internal segments belonged mainly to the "Eurasian avian-like lineage", with two distinct genogroups for the M segment. In total, 17 distinct genotypes were identified within the study period. Reassortments of H1av/H1hu strains with H1N1pdm virus were rarely evidenced until 2018. Analysis of amino acid sequences predicted a variability in length of PB1-F2 and PA-X proteins and identified the appearance of several mutations in PB1, PB1-F2, PA, NP and NS1 proteins that could be linked to virulence, while markers for antiviral resistance were identified in N1 and N2. Altogether, diversity and evolution of swIAV recall the importance of disrupting the spreading of swIAV within and between pig herds, as well as IAV inter-species transmissions.
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220
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Szabat M, Lorent D, Czapik T, Tomaszewska M, Kierzek E, Kierzek R. RNA Secondary Structure as a First Step for Rational Design of the Oligonucleotides towards Inhibition of Influenza A Virus Replication. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110925. [PMID: 33171815 PMCID: PMC7694947 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an important research subject around the world because of its threat to humanity. Influenza A virus (IAV) causes seasonal epidemics and sporadic, but dangerous pandemics. A rapid antigen changes and recombination of the viral RNA genome contribute to the reduced effectiveness of vaccination and anti-influenza drugs. Hence, there is a necessity to develop new antiviral drugs and strategies to limit the influenza spread. IAV is a single-stranded negative sense RNA virus with a genome (viral RNA—vRNA) consisting of eight segments. Segments within influenza virion are assembled into viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes that are independent transcription-replication units. Each step in the influenza life cycle is regulated by the RNA and is dependent on its interplay and dynamics. Therefore, viral RNA can be a proper target to design novel therapeutics. Here, we briefly described examples of anti-influenza strategies based on the antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and catalytic nucleic acids. In particular we focused on the vRNA structure-function relationship as well as presented the advantages of using secondary structure information in predicting therapeutic targets and the potential future of this field.
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221
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Escalera-Zamudio M, Golden M, Gutiérrez B, Thézé J, Keown JR, Carrique L, Bowden TA, Pybus OG. Parallel evolution in the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5511. [PMID: 33139731 PMCID: PMC7608645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parallel molecular evolution and adaptation are important phenomena commonly observed in viruses. Here, we exploit parallel molecular evolution to understand virulence evolution in avian influenza viruses (AIV). Highly-pathogenic AIVs evolve independently from low-pathogenic ancestors via acquisition of polybasic cleavage sites. Why some AIV lineages but not others evolve in this way is unknown. We hypothesise that the parallel emergence of highly-pathogenic AIV may be facilitated by permissive or compensatory mutations occurring across the viral genome. We combine phylogenetic, statistical and structural approaches to discover parallel mutations in AIV genomes associated with the highly-pathogenic phenotype. Parallel mutations were screened using a statistical test of mutation-phenotype association and further evaluated in the contexts of positive selection and protein structure. Our resulting mutational panel may help to reveal new links between virulence evolution and other traits, and raises the possibility of predicting aspects of AIV evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Golden
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | | | - Julien Thézé
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Jeremy Russell Keown
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Loic Carrique
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
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222
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Wallert M, Nie C, Anilkumar P, Abbina S, Bhatia S, Ludwig K, Kizhakkedathu JN, Haag R, Block S. Mucin-Inspired, High Molecular Weight Virus Binding Inhibitors Show Biphasic Binding Behavior to Influenza A Viruses. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004635. [PMID: 33135314 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent binding inhibitors are a promising new class of antivirals that prevent virus infections by inhibiting virus binding to cell membranes. The design of these inhibitors is challenging as many properties, for example, inhibitor size and functionalization with virus attachment factors, strongly influence the inhibition efficiency. Here, virus binding inhibitors are synthesized, the size and functionalization of which are inspired by mucins, which are naturally occurring glycosylated proteins with high molecular weight (MDa range) and interact efficiently with various viruses. Hyperbranched polyglycerols (hPGs) with molecular weights ranging between 10 and 2600 kDa are synthesized, thereby hitting the size of mucins and allowing for determining the impact of inhibitor size on the inhibition efficiency. The hPGs are functionalized with sialic acids and sulfates, as suggested from the structure of mucins, and their inhibition efficiency is determined by probing the inhibition of influenza A virus (IAV) binding to membranes using various methods. The largest, mucin-sized inhibitor shows potent inhibition at pm concentrations, while the inhibition efficiency decreases with decreasing the molecular weight. Interestingly, the concentration-dependent IAV inhibition shows a biphasic behavior, which is attributed to differences in the binding affinity of the inhibitors to the two IAV envelope proteins, neuraminidase, and hemagglutinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wallert
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Emmy-Noether Group "Bionanointerfaces", Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Parambath Anilkumar
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Srinivas Abbina
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Research Center for Electron Microscopy and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 36a, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Stephan Block
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Emmy-Noether Group "Bionanointerfaces", Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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223
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Gattani A, Kumar A, Agrawal A, Khan MH, Mahawar M, Bag S, Rajak KK, Singh RK, Singh P. An electrochemical impedance sensor for monitoring of gallic acid inhibited neuraminidase activity of PPR HN protein. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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224
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Yu Y, Zhou JP, Jin YH, Wang X, Shi XX, Yu P, Zhong M, Yang Y. Guanidinothiosialoside-Human Serum Albumin Conjugate Mimics mucin Barrier to Restrict Influenza Infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:84-91. [PMID: 32522538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A guanidinothiosialoside-human serum albumin conjugate as mucin mimic was prepared via a copper-free click reaction. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) indicated that three sialoside groups were grafted onto the protein backbone. The synthetic glycoconjugate exhibited strong influenza virion capture and trapping capability. Further mechanistic studies showed that this neomucin bound tightly to neuraminidase on the surface of influenza virus with a dissociation constant (KD) in the nanomolar range and had potent antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of virus strains. Most notably, the glycoconjugate acted as a biobarrier was able to protect Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells from influenza viral infection with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) in the nanomolar range and showed no cytotoxicity towards Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) at high concentrations. This research establishes an attractive strategy for the development of new multivalent antiviral agents based on mucin structure. Moreover, the method for the functionalization of the natural biological macromolecular scaffold with bioactive small molecules also lays the experimental foundation for potential biomedical and biomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457,China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457,China
| | - Jia-Ping Zhou
- Research Centre of Modern Analytical Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yin-Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457,China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457,China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457,China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457,China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457,China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457,China
| | - Peng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457,China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457,China.
| | - Ming Zhong
- Medical College, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512026, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457,China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457,China.
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225
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The Effects of Genetic Variation on H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus Pathogenicity. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111220. [PMID: 33126529 PMCID: PMC7693985 DOI: 10.3390/v12111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the H7N9 avian influenza virus emerged in China in 2013, there have been five seasonal waves which have shown human infections and caused high fatality rates in infected patients. A multibasic amino acid insertion seen in the HA of current H7N9 viruses occurred through natural evolution and reassortment, and created a high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus from the low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) in 2017, and significantly increased pathogenicity in poultry, resulting in widespread HPAI H7N9 in poultry, which along with LPAI H7N9, contributed to the severe fifth seasonal wave in China. H7N9 is a novel reassorted virus from three different subtypes of influenza A viruses (IAVs) which displays a great potential threat to public health and the poultry industry. To date, no sustained human-to-human transmission has been recorded by the WHO. However, the high ability of evolutionary adaptation of H7N9 and lack of pre-existing immunity in humans heightens the pandemic potential. Changes in IAVs proteins can affect the viral transmissibility, receptor binding specificity, pathogenicity, and virulence. The multibasic amino acid insertion, mutations in hemagglutinin, deletion and mutations in neuraminidase, and mutations in PB2 contribute to different virological characteristics. This review summarized the latest research evidence to describe the impacts of viral protein changes in viral adaptation and pathogenicity of H7N9, aiming to provide better insights for developing and enhancing early warning or intervention strategies with the goal of preventing highly pathogenic IAVs circulation in live poultry, and transmission to humans.
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226
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Hashimoto T, Baba K, Inoue K, Okane M, Hata S, Shishido T, Naito A, Wildum S, Omoto S. Comprehensive assessment of amino acid substitutions in the trimeric RNA polymerase complex of influenza A virus detected in clinical trials of baloxavir marboxil. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 15:389-395. [PMID: 33099886 PMCID: PMC8051730 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Baloxavir marboxil (BXM) is an approved drug that selectively targets cap‐dependent endonuclease on PA subunit in the RNA polymerase complex of influenza A and B viruses. Amino acid substitutions at position 38 in the PA subunit were identified as a major pathway for reduced susceptibility to baloxavir acid (BXA), the active form of BXM. Additionally, substitutions found at positions E23, A37, and E199 in the PA subunit impact BXA susceptibility by less than 10‐fold. Methods We comprehensively evaluated the impact of novel amino acid substitutions identified in PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits in BXM clinical trials and influenza sequence databases by means of drug susceptibility and replicative capacity. Results PA/I38N in A(H1N1)pdm09 and PA/I38R in A(H3N2) were newly identified as treatment‐emergent substitutions in the CAPSTONE‐2 study. The I38N substitution conferred reduced susceptibility by 24‐fold, whereas replicative capacity of the I38N‐substituted virus was impaired compared with the wild‐type. The I38R‐substituted virus was not viable in cell culture. All other mutations assessed in this extensive study did not significantly affect BXA susceptibility (< 2.4‐fold change). Conclusion These results provide additional information on the impact of amino acid substitutions in the trimeric viral polymerase complex to BXA susceptibility and will further support influenza surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hashimoto
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.,Shionogi Techno Advance Research, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Kae Inoue
- Shionogi Techno Advance Research, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyako Okane
- Shionogi Techno Advance Research, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hata
- Shionogi Techno Advance Research, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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McMahon M, Strohmeier S, Rajendran M, Capuano C, Ellebedy AH, Wilson PC, Krammer F. Correctly folded - but not necessarily functional - influenza virus neuraminidase is required to induce protective antibody responses in mice. Vaccine 2020; 38:7129-7137. [PMID: 32943267 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) plays an integral role in the influenza virus life cycle through the release of virions from infected cells. NA-specific antibodies can impede virus replication by binding to the NA and blocking its enzymatic activity, providing significant protection from influenza-associated morbidity and mortality. NA included in current seasonal influenza virus vaccines exhibits low immunogenicity, potentially caused by compromised antigenic integrity during vaccine production. To determine how certain types of "stress" could influence the antigenicity of NA we performed a series of in vitro experiments where we treated NA with formalin, EDTA or heat and measured the impact of these treatments on NA enzymatic activity and structural integrity. We found that increasing concentrations of formalin or EDTA and increasing temperature abolished the enzymatic activity of both H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B purified viruses and recombinant NA proteins. However, formalin and EDTA treatment did not drastically affect conformational epitopes found on the NA, whereas heat treatment abolished conformational epitopes. We next performed a vaccination experiment, where mice were vaccinated with recombinant N2 NA treated with 0.3% formalin or 0.125 M EDTA (which both inactivated NA activity) were protected from virus challenge while animals vaccinated with heat treated NA were not. We next tested the protective effect of monomeric (no enzymatic activity) versus tetrameric (highly active) N1 NA. Again, only the tetrameric form protected mice from challenge while the monomeric form did not. Together, our data demonstrate that enzymatically active NA is not required to induce protective antibody responses as a vaccine, however a correctly folded NA is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhusudan Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina Capuano
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, the Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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228
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Ginex T, Luque FJ. Searching for effective antiviral small molecules against influenza A virus: A patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 31:53-66. [PMID: 33012213 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1831471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite the current interest caused by SARS-Cov-2, influenza continues to be one of the most serious health concerns, with an estimated 1 billion cases across the globe, including 3-5 million severe cases and 290,000-650,000 deaths worldwide. Areas covered: This manuscript reviews the efforts made in the development of small molecules for the treatment of influenza virus, primarily focused on patent applications in the last 5 years. Attention is paid to compounds targeting key functional viral proteins, such as the M2 channel, neuraminidase, and hemagglutinin, highlighting the evolution toward new ligands and scaffolds motivated by the emergence of resistant strains. Finally, the discovery of compounds against novel viral targets, such as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is discussed. Expert opinion: The therapeutic potential of antiviral agents is limited by the increasing presence of resistant strains. This should encourage research on novel strategies for therapeutic intervention. In this context, the discovery of arbidol and JNJ7918 against hemagglutinin, and current efforts on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase have disclosed novel opportunities for therapeutic treatment. Studies should attempt to expand the therapeutic arsenal of anti-flu agents, often in combined therapies, to prevent future health challenges caused by influenza virus. Abbreviations: AlphaLISA: amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay; HA: hemagglutinin; NA: neuraminidase; RBD: receptor binding domain; RdRp: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; SA: sialic Acid; TBHQ: tert-butyl hydroquinone; TEVC: two-electrode voltage clamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ginex
- Translational Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona , Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
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Kwak DK, Kim JS, Lee MK, Ryu KS, Chi SW. Probing the Neuraminidase Activity of Influenza Virus Using a Cytolysin A Protein Nanopore. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14303-14308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Kwak
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Division of Biomedical Research, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sik Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Division of Biomedical Research, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Division of Biomedical Research, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seok Ryu
- Protein Structure Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Chi
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Division of Biomedical Research, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Slain D. Intravenous Zanamivir: A Viable Option for Critically Ill Patients With Influenza. Ann Pharmacother 2020; 55:760-771. [PMID: 33016090 DOI: 10.1177/1060028020963616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To review the pharmacology, clinical trial data, and clinical implications for the intravenous formulation of zanamivir. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched during November 2019 to July 2020. Search terms zanamivir and neuraminidase inhibitor were used. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All human trials and major reports from compassionate use programs with the intravenous zanamivir (IVZ) formulation were assessed and reviewed here. Data Synthesis: IVZ was found to be similar but not superior to oral oseltamivir in hospitalized patients when studied in populations with very low baseline oseltamivir resistance. IVZ provides an effective alternative for critically ill patients when oral antiviral therapy is not preferred or when oseltamivir resistance is increased. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: IVZ was recently authorized for use by the European Medicines Agency, and it is eligible for consideration in emergency use protocols and US stockpile inclusion. It will be of particular interest in critically ill patients especially during influenza seasons with appreciable oseltamivir and peramivir resistance. Conclusions: The available information suggests that the intravenous formulation of zanamivir offers a viable alternative treatment for critically ill patients with influenza, especially when resistance to other agents is present.
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Senger MR, Evangelista TCS, Dantas RF, Santana MVDS, Gonçalves LCS, de Souza Neto LR, Ferreira SB, Silva-Junior FP. COVID-19: molecular targets, drug repurposing and new avenues for drug discovery. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200254. [PMID: 33027420 PMCID: PMC7534958 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious infection that may break the healthcare system of several countries. Here, we aimed at presenting a critical view of ongoing drug repurposing efforts for COVID-19 as well as discussing opportunities for development of new treatments based on current knowledge of the mechanism of infection and potential targets within. Finally, we also discuss patent protection issues, cost effectiveness and scalability of synthetic routes for some of the most studied repurposing candidates since these are key aspects to meet global demand for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Roberto Senger
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Bioquímica Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil
| | - Tereza Cristina Santos Evangelista
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química,
Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica e Prospecção Biológica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil
| | - Rafael Ferreira Dantas
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Bioquímica Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva Santana
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Bioquímica Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil
| | - Luiz Carlos Saramago Gonçalves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Bioquímica Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil
| | - Lauro Ribeiro de Souza Neto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Bioquímica Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil
| | - Sabrina Baptista Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química,
Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica e Prospecção Biológica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil
| | - Floriano Paes Silva-Junior
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Bioquímica Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil
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232
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Hwang HS, Chang M, Kim YA. Influenza-Host Interplay and Strategies for Universal Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030548. [PMID: 32962304 PMCID: PMC7564814 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an annual epidemic and an occasional pandemic caused by pathogens that are responsible for infectious respiratory disease. Humans are highly susceptible to the infection mediated by influenza A viruses (IAV). The entry of the virus is mediated by the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein that binds to the cellular sialic acid receptors and facilitates the fusion of the viral membrane with the endosomal membrane. During IAV infection, virus-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized by host intracellular specific sensors including toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) either on the cell surface or intracellularly in endosomes. Herein, we comprehensively review the current knowledge available on the entry of the influenza virus into host cells and the molecular details of the influenza virus–host interface. We also highlight certain strategies for the development of universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Suk Hwang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Mincheol Chang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (Y.A.K.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.); +82-62-530-1871 (Y.A.K.)
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (Y.A.K.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.); +82-62-530-1871 (Y.A.K.)
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233
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Nie C, Parshad B, Bhatia S, Cheng C, Stadtmüller M, Oehrl A, Kerkhoff Y, Wolff T, Haag R. Topology-Matching Design of an Influenza-Neutralizing Spiky Nanoparticle-Based Inhibitor with a Dual Mode of Action. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 132:15662-15666. [PMID: 32836497 PMCID: PMC7276915 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the concept of "topology-matching design" for virus inhibitors. With the current knowledge of influenza A virus (IAV), we designed a nanoparticle-based inhibitor (nano-inhibitor) that has a matched nanotopology to IAV virions and shows heteromultivalent inhibitory effects on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The synthesized nano-inhibitor can neutralize the viral particle extracellularly and block its attachment and entry to the host cells. The virus replication was significantly reduced by 6 orders of magnitude in the presence of the reverse designed nano-inhibitors. Even when used 24 hours after the infection, more than 99.999 % inhibition is still achieved, which indicates such a nano-inhibitor might be a potent antiviral for the treatment of influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxiong Nie
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
- Unit 17Robert Koch InstitutSeestr. 1013353BerlinGermany
| | - Badri Parshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityNo.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road610065ChengduChina
| | | | - Alexander Oehrl
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Yannic Kerkhoff
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | | | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
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234
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Nie C, Parshad B, Bhatia S, Cheng C, Stadtmüller M, Oehrl A, Kerkhoff Y, Wolff T, Haag R. Topology-Matching Design of an Influenza-Neutralizing Spiky Nanoparticle-Based Inhibitor with a Dual Mode of Action. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15532-15536. [PMID: 32421225 PMCID: PMC7497169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the concept of "topology-matching design" for virus inhibitors. With the current knowledge of influenza A virus (IAV), we designed a nanoparticle-based inhibitor (nano-inhibitor) that has a matched nanotopology to IAV virions and shows heteromultivalent inhibitory effects on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The synthesized nano-inhibitor can neutralize the viral particle extracellularly and block its attachment and entry to the host cells. The virus replication was significantly reduced by 6 orders of magnitude in the presence of the reverse designed nano-inhibitors. Even when used 24 hours after the infection, more than 99.999 % inhibition is still achieved, which indicates such a nano-inhibitor might be a potent antiviral for the treatment of influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxiong Nie
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
- Unit 17Robert Koch InstitutSeestr. 1013353BerlinGermany
| | - Badri Parshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityNo.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road610065ChengduChina
| | | | - Alexander Oehrl
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Yannic Kerkhoff
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | | | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
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235
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H9N2 Influenza Virus Infections in Human Cells Require a Balance between Neuraminidase Sialidase Activity and Hemagglutinin Receptor Affinity. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01210-20. [PMID: 32641475 PMCID: PMC7459563 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01210-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza (AI) virus, one of the most prevalent AI viruses, has caused repeated poultry and human infections, posing a huge public health risk. The H9N2 virus has diversified into multiple lineages, with the G1 lineage being the most prevalent worldwide. In this study, we isolated G1 variants carrying an 8-amino-acid deletion in their NA stalk, which is, to our knowledge, the longest deletion found in H9N2 viruses in the field. The NA stalk length was found to modulate G1 virus entry into host cells, with the effects being species specific and dependent on the corresponding HA binding affinity. Our results suggest that, in nature, H9N2 G1 viruses balance their HA and NA functions by the NA stalk length, leading to the possible association of host range and virulence in poultry and mammals during the evolution of G1 lineage viruses. Some avian influenza (AI) viruses have a deletion of up to 20 to 30 amino acids in their neuraminidase (NA) stalk. This has been associated with changes in virus replication and host range. Currently prevalent H9N2 AI viruses have only a 2- or 3-amino-acid deletion, and such deletions were detected in G1 and Y280 lineage viruses, respectively. The effect of an NA deletion on the H9N2 phenotype has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we isolated G1 mutants that carried an 8-amino-acid deletion in their NA stalk. To systematically analyze the effect of NA stalk length and concomitant (de)glycosylation on G1 replication and host range, we generated G1 viruses that had various NA stalk lengths and that were either glycosylated or not glycosylated. The stalk length was correlated with NA sialidase activity, using low-molecular-weight substrates, and with virus elution efficacy from erythrocytes. G1 virus replication in avian cells and eggs was positively correlated with the NA stalk length but was negatively correlated in human cells and mice. NA stalk length modulated G1 virus entry into host cells, with shorter stalks enabling more efficient G1 entry into human cells. However, with a hemagglutinin (HA) with a higher α2,6-linked sialylglycan affinity, the effect of NA stalk length on G1 virus infection was reversed, with shorter NA stalks reducing virus entry into human cells. These results indicate that a balance between HA binding affinity and NA sialidase activity, modulated by NA stalk length, is required for optimal G1 virus entry into human airway cells. IMPORTANCE H9N2 avian influenza (AI) virus, one of the most prevalent AI viruses, has caused repeated poultry and human infections, posing a huge public health risk. The H9N2 virus has diversified into multiple lineages, with the G1 lineage being the most prevalent worldwide. In this study, we isolated G1 variants carrying an 8-amino-acid deletion in their NA stalk, which is, to our knowledge, the longest deletion found in H9N2 viruses in the field. The NA stalk length was found to modulate G1 virus entry into host cells, with the effects being species specific and dependent on the corresponding HA binding affinity. Our results suggest that, in nature, H9N2 G1 viruses balance their HA and NA functions by the NA stalk length, leading to the possible association of host range and virulence in poultry and mammals during the evolution of G1 lineage viruses.
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236
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Du W, Wolfert MA, Peeters B, van Kuppeveld FJM, Boons GJ, de Vries E, de Haan CAM. Mutation of the second sialic acid-binding site of influenza A virus neuraminidase drives compensatory mutations in hemagglutinin. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008816. [PMID: 32853241 PMCID: PMC7480853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Most pandemics occurred upon adaptation of avian IAVs to humans. This adaptation includes a hallmark receptor-binding specificity switch of hemagglutinin (HA) from avian-type α2,3- to human-type α2,6-linked sialic acids. Complementary changes of the receptor-destroying neuraminidase (NA) are considered to restore the precarious, but poorly described, HA-NA-receptor balance required for virus fitness. In comparison to the detailed functional description of adaptive mutations in HA, little is known about the functional consequences of mutations in NA in relation to their effect on the HA-NA balance and host tropism. An understudied feature of NA is the presence of a second sialic acid-binding site (2SBS) in avian IAVs and absence of a 2SBS in human IAVs, which affects NA catalytic activity. Here we demonstrate that mutation of the 2SBS of avian IAV H5N1 disturbs the HA-NA balance. Passaging of a 2SBS-negative H5N1 virus on MDCK cells selected for progeny with a restored HA-NA balance. These viruses obtained mutations in NA that restored a functional 2SBS and/or in HA that reduced binding of avian-type receptors. Importantly, a particular HA mutation also resulted in increased binding of human-type receptors. Phylogenetic analyses of avian IAVs show that also in the field, mutations in the 2SBS precede mutations in HA that reduce binding of avian-type receptors and increase binding of human-type receptors. Thus, 2SBS mutations in NA can drive acquisition of mutations in HA that not only restore the HA-NA balance, but may also confer increased zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Du
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet A. Wolfert
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States of America
| | - Ben Peeters
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Virology, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States of America
| | - Erik de Vries
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A. M. de Haan
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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237
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Yuan L, Zhao Y, Sun XL. Sialidase substrates for Sialdiase assays - activity, specificity, quantification and inhibition. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:513-531. [PMID: 32813176 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases are glycosidases responsible for the removal of sialic acid (Sia) residues (desialylation) from glycan portions of either glycoproteins or glycolipids. By desialylation, sialidases are able to modulate the functionality and stability of the Sia-containing molecules and are involved in both physiological and pathological pathways. Therefore, evaluation of sialidase activity and specificity is important for understanding the biological significance of desialylation by sialidases and its function and the related molecular mechanisms of the physiological and pathological pathways. In addition, it is essential for developing novel mechanisms and approaches for disease treatment and diagnosis and pathogen detection as well. This review summarizes the most recent sialidase substrates for evaluating sialidase activity and specificity and screening sialidase inhibitors, including (i) general sialidase substrates, (ii) specific sialidase substrates, (iii) native sialidase substrates and (iv) cellular sialidase substrates. This review also provides a brief introduction of recent instrumental methods for quantifying the sialidase activity, such as UV, fluorescence, HPLC and LC-MS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.,School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
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238
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van der Woude R, Turner HL, Tomris I, Bouwman KM, Ward AB, de Vries RP. Drivers of recombinant soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase expression in mammalian cells. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1975-1982. [PMID: 32710576 PMCID: PMC7454420 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant soluble trimeric influenza A virus hemagglutinins (HA) and tetrameric neuraminidases (NAs) have proven to be excellent tools to decipher biological properties. Receptor binding and sialic acid cleavage by recombinant proteins correlate satisfactorily compared to whole viruses. Expression of HA and NA can be achieved in a plethora of different laboratory hosts. For immunological and receptor interaction studies however, insect and mammalian cell expressed proteins are preferred due to the presence of N-linked glycosylation and disulfide bond formation. Because mammalian-cell expression is widely applied, an increased expression yield is an important goal. Here we report that using codon-optimized genes and sfGFP fusions, the expression yield of HA can be significantly improved. sfGFP also significantly increased expression yields when fused to the N-terminus of NA. In this study, a suite of different hemagglutinin and neuraminidase constructs are described, which can be valuable tools to study a wide array of different HAs, NAs and their mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roosmarijn van der Woude
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hannah L Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ilhan Tomris
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kim M Bouwman
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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239
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Bialy D, Shelton H. Functional neuraminidase inhibitor resistance motifs in avian influenza A(H5Nx) viruses. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104886. [PMID: 32750468 PMCID: PMC7534037 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are antiviral agents recommended worldwide to treat or prevent influenza virus infections in humans. Past influenza virus pandemics seeded by zoonotic infection by avian influenza viruses (AIV) as well as the increasing number of human infections with AIV have shown the importance of having information about resistance to NAIs by avian NAs that could cross the species barrier. In this study we introduced four NAI resistance-associated mutations (N2 numbering) previously found in human infections into the NA of three current AIV subtypes of the H5Nx genotype that threaten the poultry industry and human health: highly pathogenic H5N8, H5N6 and H5N2. Using the established MUNANA assay we showed that a R292K substitution in H5N6 and H5N2 viruses significantly reduced susceptibility to three licenced NAIs: oseltamivir, zanamivir and peramivir. In contrast the mutations E119V, H274Y and N294S had more variable effects with NAI susceptibility being drug- and strain-specific. We measured the replicative fitness of NAI resistant H5N6 viruses and found that they replicated to comparable or significantly higher titres in primary chicken cells and in embryonated hens' eggs as compared to wild type - despite the NA activity of the viral neuraminidase proteins being reduced. The R292K and N294S drug resistant H5N6 viruses had single amino acid substitutions in their haemagglutinin (HA): Y98F and A189T, respectively (H3 numbering) which reduced receptor binding properties possibly balancing the reduced NA activity seen. Our results demonstrate that the H5Nx viruses can support drug resistance mutations that confer reduced susceptibility to licenced NAIs and that these H5N6 viruses did not show diminished replicative fitness in avian cell cultures. Our results support the requirement for on-going surveillance of these strains in bird populations to include motifs associated with human drug resistance.
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240
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Kumar S, Goicoechea S, Kumar S, Pearce CM, Durvasula R, Kempaiah P, Rathi B, Poonam. Oseltamivir analogs with potent anti-influenza virus activity. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1389-1402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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241
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Soto JA, Gálvez NMS, Andrade CA, Pacheco GA, Bohmwald K, Berrios RV, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. The Role of Dendritic Cells During Infections Caused by Highly Prevalent Viruses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1513. [PMID: 32765522 PMCID: PMC7378533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a type of innate immune cells with major relevance in the establishment of an adaptive response, as they are responsible for the activation of lymphocytes. Since their discovery, several reports of their role during infectious diseases have been performed, highlighting their functions and their mechanisms of action. DCs can be categorized into different subsets, and each of these subsets expresses a wide arrange of receptors and molecules that aid them in the clearance of invading pathogens. Interferon (IFN) is a cytokine -a molecule of protein origin- strongly associated with antiviral immune responses. This cytokine is secreted by different cell types and is fundamental in the modulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses against viral infections. Particularly, DCs are one of the most important immune cells that produce IFN, with type I IFNs (α and β) highlighting as the most important, as they are associated with viral clearance. Type I IFN secretion can be induced via different pathways, activated by various components of the virus, such as surface proteins or genetic material. These molecules can trigger the activation of the IFN pathway trough surface receptors, including IFNAR, TLR4, or some intracellular receptors, such as TLR7, TLR9, and TLR3. Here, we discuss various types of dendritic cells found in humans and mice; their contribution to the activation of the antiviral response triggered by the secretion of IFN, through different routes of the induction for this important antiviral cytokine; and as to how DCs are involved in human infections that are considered highly frequent nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Soto
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas M S Gálvez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gaspar A Pacheco
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roslye V Berrios
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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242
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Kim J, Koo BK, Knoblich JA. Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:571-584. [PMID: 32636524 PMCID: PMC7339799 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 961] [Impact Index Per Article: 240.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The historical reliance of biological research on the use of animal models has sometimes made it challenging to address questions that are specific to the understanding of human biology and disease. But with the advent of human organoids — which are stem cell-derived 3D culture systems — it is now possible to re-create the architecture and physiology of human organs in remarkable detail. Human organoids provide unique opportunities for the study of human disease and complement animal models. Human organoids have been used to study infectious diseases, genetic disorders and cancers through the genetic engineering of human stem cells, as well as directly when organoids are generated from patient biopsy samples. This Review discusses the applications, advantages and disadvantages of human organoids as models of development and disease and outlines the challenges that have to be overcome for organoids to be able to substantially reduce the need for animal experiments. Human organoids are valuable models for the study of development and disease and for drug discovery, thus complementing traditional animal models. The generation of organoids from patient biopsy samples has enabled researchers to study, for example, infectious diseases, genetic disorders and cancers. This Review discusses the advantages, disadvantages and future challenges of the use of organoids as models for human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria. .,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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243
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Cuellar-Camacho JL, Bhatia S, Reiter-Scherer V, Lauster D, Liese S, Rabe JP, Herrmann A, Haag R. Quantification of Multivalent Interactions between Sialic Acid and Influenza A Virus Spike Proteins by Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12181-12192. [PMID: 32538085 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multivalency is a key principle in reinforcing reversible molecular interactions through the formation of multiple bonds. The influenza A virus deploys this strategy to bind strongly to cell surface receptors. We performed single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to investigate the rupture force required to break individual and multiple bonds formed between synthetic sialic acid (SA) receptors and the two principal spike proteins of the influenza A virus (H3N2): hemagglutinin (H3) and neuraminidase (N2). Kinetic parameters such as the rupture length (χβ) and dissociation rate (koff) are extracted using the model by Friddle, De Yoreo, and Noy. We found that a monovalent SA receptor binds to N2 with a significantly higher bond lifetime (270 ms) compared to that for H3 (36 ms). By extending the single-bond rupture analysis to a multibond system of n protein-receptor pairs, we provide an unprecedented quantification of the mechanistic features of multivalency between H3 and N2 with SA receptors and show that the stability of the multivalent connection increases with the number of bonds from tens to hundreds of milliseconds. Association rates (kon) are also provided, and an estimation of the dissociation constants (KD) between the SA receptors to both proteins indicate a 17-fold higher binding affinity for the SA-N2 bond with respect to that of SA-H3. An optimal designed multivalent SA receptor showed a higher binding stability to the H3 protein of the influenza A virus than to the monovalent SA receptor. Our study emphasizes the influence of the scaffold on the presentation of receptors during multivalent binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Cuellar-Camacho
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Valentin Reiter-Scherer
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology & IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Liese
- Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Moltke Moes vei 35, 1053 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jürgen P Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institute for Biology & IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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244
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Powell H, Pekosz A. Neuraminidase antigenic drift of H3N2 clade 3c.2a viruses alters virus replication, enzymatic activity and inhibitory antibody binding. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008411. [PMID: 32598381 PMCID: PMC7351227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 2014-2015 influenza season a novel neuraminidase (NA) genotype was detected in global human influenza A surveillance. This novel genotype encoded an N-linked glycosylation site at position 245-247 in the NA protein from clade 3c.2a H3N2 viruses. In the years following the 2014-2015 season, this novel NA glycosylation genotype quickly dominated the human H3N2 population of viruses. To assess the effect this novel N-linked glycan has on virus fitness and antibody binding, recombinant viruses with (NA Gly+) or without (NA Gly-) the 245 NA glycan were created. Viruses with the 245 NA Gly+ genotype grew to a significantly lower infectious virus titer on primary, differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (hNEC) compared to viruses with the 245 NA Gly- genotype, but growth was similar on immortalized cells. The 245 NA Gly+ blocked human and rabbit monoclonal antibodies that target the enzymatic site from binding to their epitope. Additionally, viruses with the 245 NA Gly+ genotype had significantly lower enzymatic activity compared to viruses with the 245 NA Gly- genotype. Human monoclonal antibodies that target residues near the 245 NA glycan were less effective at inhibiting NA enzymatic activity and virus replication of viruses encoding an NA Gly+ protein compared to ones encoding NA Gly- protein. Additionally, a recombinant H6N2 virus with the 245 NA Gly+ protein was more resistant to enzymatic inhibition from convalescent serum from H3N2-infected humans compared to viruses with the 245 NA Gly- genotype. Finally, the 245 NA Gly+ protected from NA antibody mediated virus neutralization. These results suggest that while the 245 NA Gly+ decreases virus replication in hNECs and decreases enzymatic activity, the 245 NA glycan blocks the binding of monoclonal and human serum NA specific antibodies that would otherwise inhibit enzymatic activity and virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Powell
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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245
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Pawestri HA, Nugraha AA, Han AX, Pratiwi E, Parker E, Richard M, van der Vliet S, Fouchier RAM, Muljono DH, de Jong MD, Setiawaty V, Eggink D. Genetic and antigenic characterization of influenza A/H5N1 viruses isolated from patients in Indonesia, 2008-2015. Virus Genes 2020; 56:417-429. [PMID: 32483655 PMCID: PMC7262163 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the initial detection in 2003, Indonesia has reported 200 human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAI H5N1), associated with an exceptionally high case fatality rate (84%) compared to other geographical regions affected by other genetic clades of the virus. However, there is limited information on the genetic diversity of HPAI H5N1 viruses, especially those isolated from humans in Indonesia. In this study, the genetic and antigenic characteristics of 35 HPAI H5N1 viruses isolated from humans were analyzed. Full genome sequences were analyzed for the presence of substitutions in the receptor binding site, and polymerase complex, as markers for virulence or human adaptation, as well as antiviral drug resistance substitutions. Only a few substitutions associated with human adaptation were observed, a remarkably low prevalence of the human adaptive substitution PB2-E627K, which is common during human infection with other H5N1 clades and a known virulence marker for avian influenza viruses during human infections. In addition, the antigenic profile of these Indonesian HPAI H5N1 viruses was determined using serological analysis and antigenic cartography. Antigenic characterization showed two distinct antigenic clusters, as observed previously for avian isolates. These two antigenic clusters were not clearly associated with time of virus isolation. This study provides better insight in genetic diversity of H5N1 viruses during human infection and the presence of human adaptive markers. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating virus genetics for HPAI H5N1 viruses to estimate the risk to human health and the need for increased efforts to monitor the evolution of H5N1 viruses across Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana A Pawestri
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Arie A Nugraha
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alvin X Han
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eka Pratiwi
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Edyth Parker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathilde Richard
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Menno D de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivi Setiawaty
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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246
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Lipničanová S, Chmelová D, Godány A, Ondrejovič M, Miertuš S. Purification of viral neuraminidase from inclusion bodies produced by recombinant Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2020; 316:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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247
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Abbott TR, Dhamdhere G, Liu Y, Lin X, Goudy L, Zeng L, Chemparathy A, Chmura S, Heaton NS, Debs R, Pande T, Endy D, La Russa MF, Lewis DB, Qi LS. Development of CRISPR as an Antiviral Strategy to Combat SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza. Cell 2020; 181:865-876.e12. [PMID: 32353252 PMCID: PMC7189862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has highlighted the need for antiviral approaches that can target emerging viruses with no effective vaccines or pharmaceuticals. Here, we demonstrate a CRISPR-Cas13-based strategy, PAC-MAN (prophylactic antiviral CRISPR in human cells), for viral inhibition that can effectively degrade RNA from SARS-CoV-2 sequences and live influenza A virus (IAV) in human lung epithelial cells. We designed and screened CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) targeting conserved viral regions and identified functional crRNAs targeting SARS-CoV-2. This approach effectively reduced H1N1 IAV load in respiratory epithelial cells. Our bioinformatic analysis showed that a group of only six crRNAs can target more than 90% of all coronaviruses. With the development of a safe and effective system for respiratory tract delivery, PAC-MAN has the potential to become an important pan-coronavirus inhibition strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Abbott
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Girija Dhamdhere
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xueqiu Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laine Goudy
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leiping Zeng
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Augustine Chemparathy
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Nicholas S Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Tara Pande
- Los Altos High School, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
| | - Drew Endy
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marie F La Russa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - David B Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Lei S Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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248
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Plants derived therapeutic strategies targeting chronic respiratory diseases: Chemical and immunological perspective. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 325:109125. [PMID: 32376238 PMCID: PMC7196551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The apparent predicament of the representative chemotherapy for managing respiratory distress calls for an obligatory deliberation for identifying the pharmaceuticals that effectively counter the contemporary intricacies associated with target disease. Multiple, complex regulatory pathways manifest chronic pulmonary disorders, which require chemotherapeutics that produce composite inhibitory effect. The cost effective natural product based molecules hold a high fervor to meet the prospects posed by current respiratory-distress therapy by sparing the tedious drug design and development archetypes, present a robust standing for the possible replacement of the fading practice of poly-pharmacology, and ensure the subversion of a potential disease relapse. This study summarizes the experimental evidences on natural products moieties and their components that illustrates therapeutic efficacy on respiratory disorders. Plant derived therapeutics for managing chronic respiratory disorders. Activity of natural product based molecules on key regulatory pathways of COPD. Preclinical evidence for the efficacy of natural product moieties. Clinical significance of plant derived molecules in pulmonary distress.
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249
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Ghabeshi S, Ebrahimie E, Salimi V, Ghanizadeh A, Khodakhah F, Yavarian J, Norouzbabaei Z, Sasani F, Rezaie F, Azad TM. Experimental direct-contact transmission of influenza A/H9N2 virus in the guinea pig model in Iran. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The present study aims to evaluate risk factors for the transmission of A/H9N2 viruses in guinea pig model. Materials & methods: Lung tissue samples were collected from the chicken clinically infected with influenza A/H9N2 virus in 2018. Next, virus isolation and titration, as well as reverse transcription PCR were performed. Then, hemagglutnation and neuraminidase genes was sequenced to identify different positions (hotspots) involved in transmission and host adaptation. Results: Influenza A/H9N2 virus could replicate in low titers in the nasal turbinate and transmit from infected to noninfected guinea pigs. Conclusion: Hotspots on the surface glycoproteins had the potential to alter transmission properties in the new host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad Ghabeshi
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- School of Animal and VeterinarySciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Genomics Research Platform, Schoolof Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghanizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Farshad Khodakhah
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jila Yavarian
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Norouzbabaei
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhang Sasani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaie
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari Azad
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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250
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Shetty R, Ghosh A, Honavar SG, Khamar P, Sethu S. Therapeutic opportunities to manage COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection: Present and future. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:693-702. [PMID: 32317431 PMCID: PMC7350468 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_639_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A severe form of respiratory disease - COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has evolved into a pandemic resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The unabated spread of the disease is due to lack of vaccine and effective therapeutic agents against this novel virus. Hence, the situation demands an immediate need to explore all the plausible therapeutic and prophylactic strategies that can be made available to stem the spread of the disease. Towards this effort, the current review outlines the key aspects of the pathobiology associated with the morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, which includes a viral response phase and an exaggerated host response phase. The review also summarizes therapeutic agents that are currently being explored along with those with potential for consideration. The broad groups of therapeutic agents discussed include those that: (i) block viral entry to host cells, (ii) block viral replication and survival in host cells, and (iii) dampen exaggerated host immune response. The various kinds of pharmaceutical prophylactic options that may be followed to prevent COVID-19 have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Shetty
- Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Pooja Khamar
- Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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