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Singh PP, Borkar DS, Robbins CB, Kim JS, Birnbaum F, Gomez-Caraballo M, Thomas AS, Fekrat S. Systemic antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2021; 13:25158414211040894. [PMID: 34497976 PMCID: PMC8419548 DOI: 10.1177/25158414211040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of systemic antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants on the structural and functional outcomes of eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was performed on BRVO patients evaluated at a single tertiary care referral center between 2009 and 2017. Medical records were reviewed for antiplatelet agent and anticoagulant use including aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or dabigatran prior to BRVO onset. In addition, optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, clinical outcomes, and treatment patterns were also recorded. Results A total of 354 BRVO eyes were identified with a mean follow-up time of 36 months. Antiplatelet or anticoagulant use was associated with presence of cystoid macular edema (CME) at presentation after controlling for potential confounding variables in a multivariate logistic regression. Multivariate regression also revealed an association between foveal hemorrhage at presentation and use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications. There were no significant differences in visual acuity or prevalence of CME at the final visit in those with antiplatelet/anticoagulant use compared to those not on these agents. Conclusion Although the use of systemic antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents was associated with increased prevalence of CME and foveal hemorrhage at presentation of BRVO, the use of these medications was not associated with different visual or structural outcomes at the final visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pali P Singh
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Jane S Kim
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Akshay S Thomas
- Vitreoretinal Surgery and Uveitis, Tennessee Retina, 345 23rd Ave. N, Suite 350, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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Abdurakhmanov ZM, Umarov BY, Abdurakhmanov MM. Novel Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2021-08-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The review analyzes the role of assessing the state of the endothelium in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases, stratification of their risks, since endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a crucial predictor of this pathologies. In this regard, this paper presents the modern understanding of the methods for assessing ED, presents the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques. Despite the fact that flow-mediated dilation is widely used as a classical method for studying endothelial function, this technique depends on the physiological state of sensory nerves and calcium-activated potassium channels, cardiac output. This review focuses on new biomarkers for ED such as endothelial microparticles, endoglin and endocan, and discusses the relevance of the criteria for their use in clinical practice. Based on current scientific advances, the authors concluded that among these three newest biomarkers, today, endocan can be considered a more informative and reliable cellular marker of ED. Moreover, the authors have shown that when measured separately, many of the studied classical circulating biomarkers do not provide reliable information about the state of the endothelium, since the endothelial function has a complex physiological nature which therefore raises the question of the advisability of considering a combination of classical and new biomarkers for improving the assessment of the endothelial state.
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253
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Zhou Z. Purinergic interplay between erythrocytes and platelets in diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:705-712. [PMID: 34410591 PMCID: PMC8677852 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications in diabetes are the leading causes for high morbidity and mortality. It has been shown that alteration of purinergic signaling contributes to diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications. Red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets play a fundamental role in regulation of oxygen transport and hemostasis, respectively. Of note, these cells undergo purinergic dysfunction in diabetes. Recent studies have established a novel function of RBCs as disease mediators for the development of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D). RBC-released ATP is defective in T2D, which has implication for induction of vascular dysfunction by dysregulating purinergic signaling. Platelets are hyperactive in diabetes. ADP-mediated P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor activation contributes to platelet aggregation and targeting P2Y receptors particularly P2Y12 receptor in platelets is effective for the treatment of cardiovascular events. In contrast to other P2Y12 receptor antagonists, platelet-targeting drug ticagrelor has potential to initiate purinergic signaling in RBCs for the beneficial cardiovascular outcomes. It is increasingly clear that altered vascular purinergic signaling mediated by various nucleotides and nucleoside contributes to diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction. However, the contribution of complex purinergic networks between RBCs and platelets to the vascular dysfunction in diabetes remains unclear. This study discusses the possible interplay of RBCs and platelets via the purinergic network for diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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254
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Mucor Alert: Triad of COVID-19, Corticosteroids Therapy and Uncontrolled Glycemic Index. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 74:3075-3077. [PMID: 34395215 PMCID: PMC8349597 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Mangoni AA, Tommasi S, Sotgia S, Zinellu A, Paliogiannis P, Piga M, Cauli A, Pintus G, Carru C, Erre GL. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine: a Key Player in the Pathophysiology of Endothelial Dysfunction, Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2131-2140. [PMID: 33413061 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210106144247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic and disabling autoimmune condition that is characterized by articular and extra-articular manifestations and a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant state, suffer from premature atherosclerosis and excessive cardiovascular disease burden. A key step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is impaired synthesis of the endogenous messenger nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells which, in turn, alters local homeostatic mechanisms and favors vascular damage and plaque deposition. While the exact mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in RA remain to be established, there is good evidence that RA patients have relatively high circulating concentrations of the methylated arginine asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a potent endogenous inhibitor of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). This review discusses the biological and pathophysiological role of ADMA, the interplay between ADMA, inflammation and oxidative stress, and the available evidence on the adverse impact of ADMA on endothelial function and atherosclerosis and potential ADMA-lowering therapies in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian L Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital (AOUSS) and University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Santos LG, Baggio JADO, Leal TC, Costa FA, Fernandes TRMDO, da Silva RV, Armstrong A, Carmo RF, de Souza CDF. Prevalence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Individuals with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study of Deaths in Pernambuco, Brazil. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:416-422. [PMID: 34495244 PMCID: PMC8395789 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e diabetes mellitus (DM) são dois dos principais fatores de risco para a mortalidade por COVID-19. Descrever a prevalência e o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de óbito por COVID-19 ocorridos em Pernambuco, Brasil, entre 12 de março e 14 de maio de 2020 entre pacientes que possuíam hipertensão arterial sistêmica e/ou diabetes mellitus como doenças prévias. Estudo observacional transversal. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: município de procedência, sexo, faixa etária, tempo entre o início dos sinais/sintomas e o óbito, sinais/sintomas, tipo de comorbidades e hábitos de vida. Variáveis categóricas foram descritas por meio de frequências e variáveis contínuas por meio de medidas de tendência central e de dispersão. Os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis foram utilizados. Dos 1.276 registros incluídos no estudo, 410 apresentavam HAS e/ou DM. A prevalência de HAS foi 26,5% (n=338) e de DM foi 19,7% (n=252). Dos registros, 158 (12,4%) eram de pacientes que possuíam somente HAS, 72 (5,6%) somente DM e 180 (14,1%) apresentavam HAS e DM. Dos indivíduos com HAS, 53,3% apresentavam DM e 71,4% dos diabéticos apresentam HAS. A mediana (em dias) do tempo entre o início dos sinais/sintomas e o desfecho óbito foi 8,0 (IIQ 9,0), sem diferença significativa entre os grupos de comorbidades (p=0,633), sexo (p=0,364) e faixa etária (p=0,111). Observou-se maior prevalência de DM e HAS na população masculina (DM — 61,3% eram homens e 38,9% mulheres; HAS — 53,2% eram homens e 46,8% mulheres). Os sinais/sintomas mais frequentes foram dispneia (74,1%; n=304), tosse (72,2%; n=296), febre (68,5%; n=281) e saturação de O2<95% (66,1%; n=271). Dos hipertensos, 73,3% (n=100) apresentavam outras comorbidades/fatores de risco associados, e 54,2% (n=39) dos diabéticos apresentavam outras comorbidades/fatores de risco associados. Destacaramse as cardiopatias (19,5%; n=80), obesidade (8,3%; n=34), doença respiratória prévia (7,3%; n=30) e nefropatia (7,8%; n=32). A prevalência de tabagismo foi 8,8% (n=36) e de etilismo alcançou 3,4% (n=14). O estudo mostrou que a prevalência de HAS foi superior à prevalência de DM nos indivíduos que foram a óbito por COVID-19. Em idosos, a prevalência foi superior à observada em indivíduos não idosos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes Santos
- Universidade Federal de AlagoasCurso de MedicinaMaceióALBrasilUniversidade Federal de Alagoas - Curso de Medicina, Maceió, AL - Brasil.
| | | | - Thiago Cavalcanti Leal
- Universidade Federal de AlagoasCurso de MedicinaMaceióALBrasilUniversidade Federal de Alagoas - Curso de Medicina, Maceió, AL - Brasil.
| | - Francisco A. Costa
- Universidade Federal de AlagoasCurso de MedicinaMaceióALBrasilUniversidade Federal de Alagoas - Curso de Medicina, Maceió, AL - Brasil.
| | | | - Regicley Vieira da Silva
- Universidade Federal de AlagoasCurso de MedicinaMaceióALBrasilUniversidade Federal de Alagoas - Curso de Medicina, Maceió, AL - Brasil.
| | - Anderson Armstrong
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São FranciscoMedicinaPetrolinaPEBrasilUniversidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – Medicina, Petrolina, PE – Brasil.
| | - Rodrigo Feliciano Carmo
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São FranciscoMedicinaPetrolinaPEBrasilUniversidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – Medicina, Petrolina, PE – Brasil.
| | - Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza
- Universidade Federal de AlagoasCurso de MedicinaMaceióALBrasilUniversidade Federal de Alagoas - Curso de Medicina, Maceió, AL - Brasil.
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Widjaja SS, Rusdiana R, Savira M, Amelia R. Antihyperglycemic, Endothelial protection and Toxicity study of Basil Leaves Extract on Diabetic Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) remains a serious debilitating global health problem in low- and middle-income countries with rising incidence of DM-related complications due to ineffective Diabetic control. Herbs of the Ocimum family, especially Ocimum basilicum or basil leaves, have been investigated for their antihyperglycemic properties.
AIM: This study aimed to demonstrate the antihyperglycemic effect, endothelial protection, and toxicity of basil leaves on Diabetes-induced Wistar rats in vivo.
METHODS: Streptozosin injections were used to induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. Basil leaves extracts 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg BW were introduced to diabetic rats. Blood glucose levels (BGL), soluble Advanced Glycation End, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kidney and liver functions together with the histopathology reports were reported for acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity studies.
RESULTS: Basil leaves exposure significantly lowers BGL (p < 0.00), but yielded no statistically significant difference between extract doses. Hemostatic parametersshowed significantly reduced endothelial dysfunction markers for all doses compared to control. Toxicity study yielded no differences between control and any doses of basil leaves in all acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity studies. Histopathological findings exhibited no evidence of tissue damage on the liver, kidney, heart, pancreas, lung, and lymph tissues in either control or experiment rats.
CONCLUSIONS: Basil leaves exposure were positively associated with lower glucose level, lower endothelial activation markers on Diabetic rats. The toxicity and histopathological results of the extract are on par with control.
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258
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Sun XD, Han L, Lan HT, Qin RR, Song M, Zhang W, Zhong M, Wang ZH. Endothelial microparticle-associated protein disulfide isomerase increases platelet activation in diabetic coronary heart disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18718-18739. [PMID: 34285139 PMCID: PMC8351716 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) carrying the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) might play a key role in promoting platelet activation in diabetes. This study aimed to examine the activation of platelets, the amounts of MPs, PMPs, and EMPs, and the concentration and activity of PDI in patients with diabetic coronary heart disease (CHD) and non-diabetic CHD. Methods: Patients with CHD (n=223) were divided as non-diabetic CHD (n=121) and diabetic CHD (n=102). Platelet activation biomarkers, circulating microparticles (MPs), the concentration of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and MP-PDI activity were determined. The effect of EMPs on platelet activation was investigated in vitro. Allosteric GIIb/IIIa receptors that bind to PDI were detected by a proximity ligation assay (PLA). Results: Platelet activation, platelet-leukocyte aggregates, circulating MPs, EMPs, PDI, and MP-PDI activity in the diabetic CHD group were significantly higher than in the non-diabetic CHD group (P<0.05). Diabetes (P=0.006) and heart rate <60 bpm (P=0.047) were associated with elevated EMPs. EMPs from diabetes increased CD62p on the surface of the platelets compared with the controls (P<0.01), which could be inhibited by the PDI inhibitor RL90 (P<0.05). PLA detected the allosteric GIIb/IIIa receptors caused by EMP-PDI, which was also inhibited by RL90. Conclusions: In diabetic patients with CHD, platelet activation was significantly high. Diabetes and heart rate <60 bpm were associated with elevated EMPs and simultaneously increased PDI activity on EMP, activating platelets through the allosteric GPIIb/IIIa receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ran-Ran Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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259
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Zhang Y, Chen R, Jia Y, Chen M, Shuai Z. Effects of Exenatide on Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:3027-3040. [PMID: 34285470 PMCID: PMC8285923 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s312347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide on coagulation function and platelet aggregation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Thirty patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were enrolled as the case group, and 30 healthy people with matching age and sex were selected as the control group. Patients in the case group received exenatide treatment for 8 weeks. The general clinical data and biochemical indicators of all subjects were collected; and their peripheral blood platelet count, coagulation index, nitric oxide (NO), platelet membrane glycoprotein (CD62p), platelet activation complex-1 (PAC-1) and platelet aggregation induced by collagen, epinephrine (EPI), arachidonic acid (AA), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were detected. Results The fibrinogen, CD62p, PAC-1, and platelet aggregation rates of the case group (pretreatment) are higher than those in the control group (EPI 77.90±6.31 vs 60.15±5.37, ADP 52.89±9.36 vs 47.90±6.16, and AA 76.09±3.14 vs.55.18±3.55); and the NO level is lower in the case group than in the control group (p<0.05, respectively). After 8 weeks of exenatide treatment in the case group, the CD62p, PAC-1, and platelet aggregation rates were lower than before the treatment (EPI: 61.96±8.94 vs 77.90±6.31 and AA: 50.98±6.73 vs 76.09±3.14); and the NO level was higher than before the treatment (p<0.05, respectively). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the changes in platelet aggregation rates (Δ EPI and ΔAA) of the patients in the case group after 8 weeks of exenatide treatment were positively correlated with the changes in body mass index, waist circumference, weight, blood lipids, fasting plasma glucose, haemoglobin A1c, fibrinogen, CD62p, and PAC-1 and negatively correlated with the changes in high-density lipoprotein and NO (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the changes in NO, CD62p and PAC-1 were independent risk factors affecting the changes in platelet aggregation rates. Conclusion The GLP-1R agonist exenatide can inhibit the activation state of platelets in patients with T2DM and inhibit thrombosis, which is beneficial to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
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260
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Inflammation in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disorders-Role of Oxidative Stress. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070672. [PMID: 34357044 PMCID: PMC8308054 DOI: 10.3390/life11070672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute the main cause of death worldwide. Both inflammation and oxidative stress have been reported to be involved in the progress of CVD. It is well known that generation of oxidative stress during the course of CVD is involved in tissue damage and inflammation, causing deleterious effects such as hypertension, dysfunctional metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Remarkably, natural antioxidant strategies have been increasingly discovered and are subject to current scientific investigations. Here, we addressed the activation of immune cells in the context of ROS production, as well as how their interaction with other cellular players and further (immune) mediators contribute to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. We also highlight how a dysregulated complement system contributes to immune imbalance and tissue damage in the context of increases oxidative stress. Additionally, modulation of hypothalamic oxidative stress is discussed, which may offer novel treatment strategies for type-2 diabetes and obesity. Together, we provide new perspectives on therapy strategies for CVD caused by oxidative stress, with a focus on oxidative stress.
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261
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Lin C, Guo Y, Xia Y, Li C, Xu X, Qi T, Zhang F, Fan M, Hu G, Zhao H, Zhao H, Liu R, Gao E, Yan W, Tao L. FNDC5/Irisin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy in a type 2 diabetes mouse model by activation of integrin αV/β5-AKT signaling and reduction of oxidative/nitrosative stress. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 160:27-41. [PMID: 34224725 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Irisin, the cleaved form of the fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) protein, is involved in metabolism and inflammation. Recent findings indicated that irisin participated in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. In this study, we investigated the effects of FNDC5/irisin on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Downregulation of myocardial FNDC5/irisin protein expression and plasma irisin levels was observed in db/db mice compared to db/+ controls. Moreover, echocardiography revealed that db/db mice exhibited normal cardiac systolic function and impaired diastolic function. Adverse structural remodeling, including cardiomyocyte apoptosis, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac hypertrophy were observed in the hearts of db/db mice. Sixteen-week-old db/db mice were intramyocardially injected with adenovirus encoding FNDC5 or treated with recombinant human irisin via a peritoneal implant osmotic pump for 4 weeks. Both overexpression of myocardial FNDC5 and exogenous irisin administration attenuated diastolic dysfunction and cardiac structural remodeling in db/db mice. Results from in vitro studies revealed that FNDC5/irisin protein expression was decreased in high glucose (HG)/high fat (HF)-treated cardiomyocytes. Increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in HG/HF-treated H9C2 cells provided evidence of oxidative/nitrosative stress, which was alleviated by treatment with FNDC5/irisin. Moreover, the mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) was decreased and cytochrome C was released from mitochondria with increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 in HG/HF-treated H9C2 cells, indicating the presence of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, which was partially reversed by FNDC5/irisin treatment. Mechanistic studies showed that activation of integrin αVβ5-AKT signaling and attenuation of oxidative/nitrosative stress were responsible for the cardioprotective effects of FNDC5/irisin. Therefore, FNDC5/irisin mediates cardioprotection in DCM by inhibiting myocardial apoptosis, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. These findings implicate that FNDC5/irisin as a potential therapeutic intervention for DCM, especially in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yongzhen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tingting Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Miaomiao Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guangyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huishou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Widiyanti P, Suryohudoyo P. The role of hyperbaric oxygen to platelet aggregation in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:617-621. [PMID: 34214305 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) could cause rheological disorder, such as platelet aggregation and blood hyperviscosity. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) could decrease collagen as platelet aggregation agonist. This study aimed to explore the effect of HBO treatment to platelet aggregation parameters (latency time(LT), aggregation speed, aggregation index, and aggregation percentage) with the collagen aggregator in the noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). METHODS The number of subjects in this study were 16 for each group normoxia normobaric (NONB) and HBO. NIDDM patients from DM polyclinic in Rumah Sakit Angkatan Laut (RSAL) Dr Ramelan Surabaya which was fulfilled inclusion criteria would receive HBO Therapy. Control Group/NONB were treated with NONB condition (20% O2 1 ATA) for 90 min and treatment group/HBO were treated with hyperoxia hyperbaric condition (100% O2 2.4 ATA) for 3 × 30 min with interval of 2 × 5 min for inhaling fresh air. Subject has been blood taken for platelet aggregation test before and after HBO Therapy. The length of treatment was 5 days for both condition (NONB and HBO). RESULTS The data from both groups, NONB and HBO were tested first by normality test, homogenity test, correlation test, analysis of covariance, and paired t-test. Based on paired t-test, the decrease on platelet aggregation speed, aggregation index, and aggregation percentage after HBO treatment was showed significant difference on the LT and aggregation index while in aggregation speed and aggregation percentage was not significant. NONB group after 5 days was showed a significant difference on the aggregation speed and aggregation index while in LT and aggregation percentage was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The utilization of HBO 2.4 ATA 100% O2 3 × 30 min, once a day, for 5 days could decrease the platelet aggregation parameters (LT, aggregation speed, aggregation index, and aggregation percentage) in patients with NIDDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prihartini Widiyanti
- Biomedical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Purnomo Suryohudoyo
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Yao X, Shen H, Cao F, He H, Li B, Zhang H, Zhang X, Li Z. Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Crosstalk Among Platelets, Immune Cells, and the Glomerulus That May Play an Important Role in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:657918. [PMID: 34249963 PMCID: PMC8264258 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.657918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Glomerulus damage is one of the primary pathological changes in DN. To reveal the gene expression alteration in the glomerulus involved in DN development, we screened the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database up to December 2020. Eleven gene expression datasets about gene expression of the human DN glomerulus and its control were downloaded for further bioinformatics analysis. By using R language, all expression data were extracted and were further cross-platform normalized by Shambhala. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Student's t-test coupled with false discovery rate (FDR) (P < 0.05) and fold change (FC) ≥1.5. DEGs were further analyzed by the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to enrich the Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. We further constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs to identify the core genes. We used digital cytometry software CIBERSORTx to analyze the infiltration of immune cells in DN. A total of 578 genes were identified as DEGs in this study. Thirteen were identified as core genes, in which LYZ, LUM, and THBS2 were seldom linked with DN. Based on the result of GO, KEGG enrichment, and CIBERSORTx immune cells infiltration analysis, we hypothesize that positive feedback may form among the glomerulus, platelets, and immune cells. This vicious cycle may damage the glomerulus persistently even after the initial high glucose damage was removed. Studying the genes and pathway reported in this study may shed light on new knowledge of DN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yao
- The Hebei Key Lab for Organ Fibrosis, The Hebei Key Lab for Chronic Disease, School of Public Health, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Modern Technology and Education Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fukai Cao
- Department of Jitang College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hailan He
- The Hebei Key Lab for Organ Fibrosis, The Hebei Key Lab for Chronic Disease, School of Public Health, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Boyu Li
- The Hebei Key Lab for Organ Fibrosis, The Hebei Key Lab for Chronic Disease, School of Public Health, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinduo Zhang
- The Hebei Key Lab for Organ Fibrosis, The Hebei Key Lab for Chronic Disease, School of Public Health, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- The Hebei Key Lab for Organ Fibrosis, The Hebei Key Lab for Chronic Disease, School of Public Health, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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264
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Urano T, Shiraki M, Imai T, Iinuma N, Kuroda T, Tanaka S, Saito M. Association of advanced glycation end-products levels with vascular events in postmenopausal women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21:651-656. [PMID: 34151495 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a known factor that accelerates vascular complications. AGEs (e.g. pentosidine or N-ε-carboxy-methyl-lysine [CML]) have been particularly investigated in patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease and have been associated not only with arteriosclerosis, but also with novel vascular events. On the contrary, the correlation of vascular events with AGEs has not been sufficiently investigated in groups excluding those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of AGEs on the history of vascular events in postmenopausal women excluding those with diabetes or renal insufficiency. METHODS Japanese postmenopausal women were registered to the study after obtaining informed consent. Patients with critical illness, including diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency, were excluded from the study. Participants were asked about their medical histories during the registration for the Nagano Cohort Study. Non-fasting serum and urine samples were collected to measure biochemical markers, including urinary pentosidine and serum CML levels. RESULTS Among 357 postmenopausal women, 32 had a history of vascular events. After adjusting age and other variables known to be associated with the presence of vascular event history, positive correlations between AGEs and vascular event history were observed (standardized odds ratio of log[pentosidine] 1.38, 95% CI 0.96-2.00, P = 0.086; standardized odds ratio of log[CML] 1.73, 95% CI 1.10-2.74, P = 0.019). DISCUSSION The present results showed a significant association between serum CML and the presence of vascular event history, suggesting that serum CML might play a role in vascular events. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 651-656.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Urano
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Shiraki
- Research Institute and Practice for Involutional Diseases, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takumi Imai
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Shiro Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Majimbi M, Brook E, Galettis P, Eden E, Al-Salami H, Mooranian A, Al-Sallami H, Lam V, Mamo JCL, Takechi R. Sodium alginate microencapsulation improves the short-term oral bioavailability of cannabidiol when administered with deoxycholic acid. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243858. [PMID: 34138862 PMCID: PMC8211198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabidiol (CBD) confers therapeutic effects in some neurological disorders via modulation of inflammatory, oxidative and cell-signalling pathways. However, CBD is lipophilic and highly photooxidative with low oral bioavailability in plasma and brain. In this study, we aimed to design and test a CBD microencapsulation method as a drug delivery strategy to improve the absorption of CBD. Additionally, we evaluated the brain uptake of CBD capsules when administered alongside capsules containing a permeation-modifying bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA). METHODS Microcapsules containing either CBD or DCA were formed using the ionic gelation method with 1.5% sodium alginate formulations and 100 mM calcium chloride. C57BL/6J wild type mice randomly assigned to three treatment groups (3-4 mice per group) were administered CBD in the following preparations: 1) CBD capsules, 2) CBD capsules + DCA capsules and 3) naked CBD oil (control). To assess the short-term bioavailability of CBD, plasma and brain samples were collected at 0.3, 1 and 3 hours post administration and CBD levels were analysed with liquid chromatography mass spectrometer. RESULTS We produced spherical capsules at 400 ± 50 μm in size. The CBD capsules were calculated to have a drug loading of 2% and an encapsulation efficiency of 23%. Mice that received CBD capsules + DCA capsules showed a 40% and 47% increase in CBD plasma concentration compared to mice on CBD capsules and naked CBD oil, respectively. Furthermore, the CBD capsules + DCA capsules group showed a 48% and 25% increase in CBD brain concentration compared to mice on CBD capsules and naked CBD oil, respectively. In mice treated with CBD capsules + DCA capsules, the brain CBD concentration peaked at 0.3 hours with a 300% increased availability compared to CBD capsules and naked CBD oil groups, which peaked at 1 hour after administration. CONCLUSIONS The microencapsulation method combined with a permeation enhancer, DCA increased the short-term bioavailability of CBD in plasma and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimuna Majimbi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emily Brook
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Galettis
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle and The Australian Centre for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Edward Eden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle and The Australian Centre for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Virginie Lam
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John C. L. Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ryusuke Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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266
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Arkew M, Yemane T, Mengistu Y, Gemechu K, Tesfaye G. Hematological parameters of type 2 diabetic adult patients at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253286. [PMID: 34125859 PMCID: PMC8202906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a global public health problem and associated with metabolic, cellular, and blood disturbances. Hematological changes have been reported in diabetes and play a major role in diabetes-associated complications. However, reports are contradicting and data on hematological parameters of type 2 diabetic patients in the study area are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the hematological parameters of type 2 diabetic adult patients at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia from May 01 to June 30, 2020. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 268 (134 type 2 diabetic patients and 134 controls) study participants selected by systematic random sampling technique. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire and checklist. Ethical approval was obtained from Jimma University. All phase of quality assurance was maintained. Hematological parameters and blood glucose levels were determined using UniCel DxH 800 (Beckman Coulter, USA) and Biosystems A25 (Costa Brava, Spain) analyzers, respectively. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation, and logistic regression were used during data analysis. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The current study found that total white blood cell count, absolute counts of neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil, red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and mean platelet volume were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients as compared to the control group (P<0.05). On the other hand, the mean hemoglobin was significantly lower in type 2 diabetic patients than the control group (P = 0.007). Anemia was found in 17.9% of type 2 diabetic patients. Longer duration of diabetes (AOR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.12-8.34) and milk consumption (AOR = 4.60, 95% CI = 1.50-14.00) were significantly associated with anemia. CONCLUSION This study showed a statistically significant variation in some hematological parameters of type 2 diabetic patients compared to control group. Anemia among type 2 diabetic patients was found to be a mild public health problem. Therefore, routine screening of hematological parameters should be considered for proper management of type 2 diabetic patients. Close attention should also be given to the duration of diabetes and dietary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesay Arkew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Yemane
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yordanos Mengistu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Gemechu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Tesfaye
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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267
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Li X, Weber NC, Cohn DM, Hollmann MW, DeVries JH, Hermanides J, Preckel B. Effects of Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus on Coagulation and Hemostasis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112419. [PMID: 34072487 PMCID: PMC8199251 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with diabetes, metabolic disorders disturb the physiological balance of coagulation and fibrinolysis, leading to a prothrombotic state characterized by platelet hypersensitivity, coagulation disorders and hypofibrinolysis. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance cause changes in platelet number and activation, as well as qualitative and/or quantitative modifications of coagulatory and fibrinolytic factors, resulting in the formation of fibrinolysis-resistant clots in patients with diabetes. Other coexisting factors like hypoglycemia, obesity and dyslipidemia also contribute to coagulation disorders in patients with diabetes. Management of the prothrombotic state includes antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies for diabetes patients with either a history of cardiovascular disease or prone to a higher risk of thrombus generation, but current guidelines lack recommendations on the optimal antithrombotic treatment for these patients. Metabolic optimizations like glucose control, lipid-lowering, and weight loss also improve coagulation disorders of diabetes patients. Intriguing, glucose-lowering drugs, especially cardiovascular beneficial agents, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitors, have been shown to exert direct anticoagulation effects in patients with diabetes. This review focuses on the most recent progress in the development and management of diabetes related prothrombotic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.L.); (N.C.W.); (M.W.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Nina C. Weber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.L.); (N.C.W.); (M.W.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Danny M. Cohn
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Markus W. Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.L.); (N.C.W.); (M.W.H.); (J.H.)
| | - J. Hans DeVries
- Department of International Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jeroen Hermanides
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.L.); (N.C.W.); (M.W.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Benedikt Preckel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.L.); (N.C.W.); (M.W.H.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-20-5669111
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268
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Rojas A, Lindner C, Gonzàlez I, Morales MA. Advanced-glycation end-products axis: A contributor to the risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in diabetes patients. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:590-602. [PMID: 33995847 PMCID: PMC8107984 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling pieces of evidence derived from both clinical and experimental research has demonstrated the crucial role of the receptor for advanced-glycation end-products (RAGE) in orchestrating a plethora of proinflammatory cellular responses leading to many of the complications and end-organ damages reported in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many clinical reports have pointed out that DM increases the risk of COVID-19 complications, hospitalization requirements, as well as the overall severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 case-fatality rate. In the present review, we intend to focus on how the basal activation state of the RAGE axis in common preexisting conditions in DM patients such as endothelial dysfunction and hyperglycemia-related prothrombotic phenotype, as well as the contribution of RAGE signaling in lung inflammation, may then lead to the increased mortality risk of COVID-19 in these patients. Additionally, the cross-talk between the RAGE axis with either another severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor molecule different of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 or the renin-angiotensin system imbalance produced by viral infection, as well as the role of this multi-ligand receptor on the obesity-associated low-grade inflammation in the higher risk for severe illness reported in diabetes patients with COVID-19, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Labs, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Cristian Lindner
- Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Ileana Gonzàlez
- Biomedical Research Labs, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Miguel Angel Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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269
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Muhamad SA, Ugusman A, Kumar J, Skiba D, Hamid AA, Aminuddin A. COVID-19 and Hypertension: The What, the Why, and the How. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665064. [PMID: 34012410 PMCID: PMC8126692 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been a year since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared pandemic and wreak havoc worldwide. Despite meticulous research has been done in this period, there are still much to be learn from this novel coronavirus. Globally, observational studies have seen that majority of the patients with COVID-19 have preexisting hypertension. This raises the question about the possible relationship between COVID-19 and hypertension. This review summarizes the current understanding of the link between hypertension and COVID-19 and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah-Abas Muhamad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dominik Skiba
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Adila A Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sashindranath M, Nandurkar HH. Endothelial Dysfunction in the Brain: Setting the Stage for Stroke and Other Cerebrovascular Complications of COVID-19. Stroke 2021; 52:1895-1904. [PMID: 33794655 PMCID: PMC8078121 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID)-19 pandemic has already affected millions worldwide, with a current mortality rate of 2.2%. While it is well-established that severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections, a number of neurological sequelae have now been reported in a large proportion of cases. Additionally, the disease causes arterial and venous thromboses including pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and a significant number of cerebrovascular complications. The increasing incidence of large vessel ischemic strokes as well as intracranial hemorrhages, frequently in younger individuals, and associated with increased morbidity and mortality, has raised questions as to why the brain is a major target of the disease. COVID-19 is characterized by hypercoagulability with alterations in hemostatic markers including high D-dimer levels, which are a prognosticator of poor outcome. Together with findings of fibrin-rich microthrombi, widespread extracellular fibrin deposition in affected various organs and hypercytokinemia, this suggests that COVID-19 is more than a pulmonary viral infection. Evidently, COVID-19 is a thrombo-inflammatory disease. Endothelial cells that constitute the lining of blood vessels are the primary targets of a thrombo-inflammatory response, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 also directly infects endothelial cells through the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor. Being highly heterogeneous in their structure and function, differences in the endothelial cells may govern the susceptibility of organs to COVID-19. Here, we have explored how the unique characteristics of the cerebral endothelium may be the underlying reason for the increased rates of cerebrovascular pathology associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maithili Sashindranath
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Harshal H. Nandurkar
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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271
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Diabetes and Thrombosis: A Central Role for Vascular Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050706. [PMID: 33946846 PMCID: PMC8146432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the fifth most common cause of death worldwide. Due to its chronic nature, diabetes is a debilitating disease for the patient and a relevant cost for the national health system. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common form of diabetes mellitus (90% of cases) and is characteristically multifactorial, with both genetic and environmental causes. Diabetes patients display a significant increase in the risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to the rest of the population. This is associated with increased blood clotting, which results in circulatory complications and vascular damage. Platelets are circulating cells within the vascular system that contribute to hemostasis. Their increased tendency to activate and form thrombi has been observed in diabetes mellitus patients (i.e., platelet hyperactivity). The oxidative damage of platelets and the function of pro-oxidant enzymes such as the NADPH oxidases appear central to diabetes-dependent platelet hyperactivity. In addition to platelet hyperactivity, endothelial cell damage and alterations of the coagulation response also participate in the vascular damage associated with diabetes. Here, we present an updated interpretation of the molecular mechanisms underlying vascular damage in diabetes, including current therapeutic options for its control.
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272
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Demeulemeester F, de Punder K, van Heijningen M, van Doesburg F. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 and Complications: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:933. [PMID: 33920604 PMCID: PMC8073853 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that obesity is a major risk factor for the progression of major complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cytokine storm and coagulopathy in COVID-19. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the link between obesity and disease severity as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for the development of new therapeutic interventions and preventive measures in this high-risk group. We propose that multiple features of obesity contribute to the prevalence of severe COVID-19 and complications. First, viral entry can be facilitated by the upregulation of viral entry receptors, like angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), among others. Second, obesity-induced chronic inflammation and disruptions of insulin and leptin signaling can result in impaired viral clearance and a disproportionate or hyper-inflammatory response, which together with elevated ferritin levels can be a direct cause for ARDS and cytokine storm. Third, the negative consequences of obesity on blood coagulation can contribute to the progression of thrombus formation and hemorrhage. In this review we first summarize clinical findings on the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 disease severity and then further discuss potential mechanisms that could explain the risk for major complications in patients suffering from obesity.
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273
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Guo S, Xu Y, Qin J, Chen Y, You Y, Tao J, Liu Z, Huang J. Effect of tai chi on glycaemic control, lipid metabolism and body composition in adults with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis and systematic review. J Rehabil Med 2021; 53:jrm00165. [PMID: 33594445 PMCID: PMC8814847 DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of tai chi on metabolic control and body composition indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature. METHODS Electronic resource databases were searched to collect eligible studies. Two reviewers selected studies and independently evaluated method-ological quality. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that tai chi had significant effects in improving metabolic indices, such as fasting blood glucose (mean differ-ence (MD) = -1.04; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -1.42 to 0.66; p < 0.01) and total cholesterol (MD = -0.50; 95% CI -0.86 to -0.13; p < 0.01) compared with conventional clinical therapy. Most in-dices did not support the use of tai chi over aerobic exercise, except for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (MD = -0.24; 95% CI -0.49 to 0.00; p < 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein (MD = 0.07; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.12; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Tai chi had better effects on metabolic control and body composition indicators than clinical conventional therapy, but only on HbA1c and HDL were superior than that of aerobic exercise. The best time-window for tai chi intervention may differ with different metabolic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Rehabilitation Medicine College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China. E-mail:
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274
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Lukitasari M, Saifur Rohman M, Nugroho DA, Widodo N, Nugrahini NIP. Cardiovascular protection effect of chlorogenic acid: focus on the molecular mechanism. F1000Res 2021; 9:1462. [PMID: 33708382 PMCID: PMC7927207 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26236.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells have a variety of functions such as the control of blood coagulation, vascular permeability, and tone regulation, as well as quiesce of immune cells. Endothelial dysfunction is a cardiovascular events predictor, which is considered the initial stage in atherosclerosis development. It is characterized by alterations in endothelium functions due to imbalanced vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, procoagulant and anticoagulant mediators, as well as growth inhibitor and promotor substances. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the primary polyphenol in coffee and some fruits. It has many health-promoting properties, especially in the cardiovascular system. Many studies investigated the efficacy and mechanism of this compound in vascular health. CGA has several vascular benefits such as anti-atherosclerosis, anti-thrombosis, and anti-hypertensive. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of CGA in vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mifetika Lukitasari
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East java, +62, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University-Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, East java, +62, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Adi Nugroho
- Department of Herbal Medicine, Cardiovascular research group, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East java, +62, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, East java, +62, Indonesia
| | - Nur Ida Panca Nugrahini
- Department Agricultural Product Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, East java, +62, Indonesia
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275
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Circadian variations of vasoconstriction and blood pressure in physiology and diabetes. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 57:125-131. [PMID: 33721615 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic vascular smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction show time-of-day variations, contributing to the blood pressure circadian rhythm, which is essential for cardiovascular health. This brief review provides an overview of our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the time-of-day variations of vascular smooth muscle contraction. We discuss the potential contribution of the time-of-day variations of vasoconstriction to the physiological blood pressure circadian rhythm. Finally, we survey the data obtained in the type 2 diabetic db/db mouse model that demonstrate the alterations of the time-of-day variations of vasoconstriction and the nondipping blood pressure in diabetes.
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276
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Li X, Liu Y, Cao A, Li C, Wang L, Wu Q, Li X, Lv X, Zhu J, Chun H, Laba C, Du X, Zhang Y, Yang H. Crocin Improves Endothelial Mitochondrial Dysfunction via GPx1/ROS/KCa3.1 Signal Axis in Diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651434. [PMID: 33777959 PMCID: PMC7994751 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which is a dramatic cause to promote endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. It was previously demonstrated that crocin protected the endothelium based on its diverse medicinal properties, but its effect on the mitochondrion and the potential mechanism are not fully understood. In this study, mitochondrial function was analyzed during the process of excessive ROS generation in high glucose (HG)-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The role played by KCa3.1 was further investigated by the inhibition and/or gene silence of KCa3.1 in this process. In addition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase 2 (NOX2), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) were also detected in this study. Our data showed that crocin improved mitochondrial dysfunction and maintained normal mitochondrial morphology by enhancing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial mass, and mitochondrial fusion. Furthermore, KCa3.1 was confirmed to be located in the mitochondrion, and the blockade and/or silencing of KCa3.1 improved mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced excessive ROS generation but did not affect NOX2 and/or the SOD1 system. Intriguingly, it was confirmed that KCa3.1 expression was elevated by ROS overproduction in the endothelium under HG and/or diabetes conditions, while crocin significantly suppressed this elevation by promoting GPx1 and subsequently eliminating ROS generation. In addition, crocin enhanced CD31, thrombomodulin (TM), and p-/t-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expressions as well as NO generation and decreased vascular tone. Hence, crocin improved mitochondrial dysfunction through inhibiting ROS-induced KCa3.1 overexpression in the endothelium, which in turn reduced more ROS generation and final endothelial dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Anqiang Cao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luodan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Lv
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiwei Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Chun
- Department of Modern Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Lhasa, China
| | - Ciren Laba
- Department of Modern Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Lhasa, China
| | - Xingchi Du
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huike Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Modern Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Lhasa, China
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277
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Xiang X, Fu Y, Zhao K, Miao R, Zhang X, Ma X, Liu C, Zhang N, Qu K. Cellular senescence in hepatocellular carcinoma induced by a long non-coding RNA-encoded peptide PINT87aa by blocking FOXM1-mediated PHB2. Theranostics 2021; 11:4929-4944. [PMID: 33754036 PMCID: PMC7978318 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), known to be involved in human cancer progression, have been shown to encode peptides with biological functions, but the role of lncRNA-encoded peptides in cellular senescence is largely unexplored. We previously reported the tumor-suppressive role of PINT87aa, a peptide encoded by the long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, p53 induced transcript (LINC-PINT). Here, we investigated PINT87aa's role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cellular senescence. Methods: We examined PINT87aa and truncated PINT87aa functions in vitro by monitoring cell proliferation and performed flow cytometry, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, JC-1 staining indicative of mitochondrial membrane potential, the ratio of the overlapping area of light chain 3 beta (LC3B) and mitochondrial probes and the ratio of lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) overlapping with cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1 (COXIV) denoting mitophagy. PINT87aa and truncated PINT87aa functions in vivo were verified by subcutaneously transplanted tumors in nude mice. The possible binding between PINT87aa and forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was predicted through structural analysis and verified by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence co-localization. Rescue experiments were performed in vivo and in vitro following FOXM1 overexpression. Further, chromatin immunoprecipitation, polymerase chain reaction, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were conducted to validate FOXM1 binding to the prohibitin 2 (PHB2) promoter. Results: PINT87aa was significantly increased in the hydrogen peroxide-induced HCC cell senescence model. Overexpression of PINT87aa induced growth inhibition, cellular senescence, and decreased mitophagy in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, FOXM1 gain-of-function could partially reduce the proportion of senescent HCC cells and enhance mitophagy. PINT87aa overexpression did not affect the expression of FOXM1 itself but reduced that of its target genes involved in cell cycle and proliferation, especially PHB2, which was involved in mitophagy and transcribed by FOXM1. Structural analysis indicated that PINT87aa could bind to the DNA-binding domain of FOXM1, which was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence co-localization. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the 2 to 39 amino acid truncated form of the peptide exerted effects similarly to the full form. Conclusion: Our study established the role of PINT87aa as a novel biomarker and a key regulator of cellular senescence in HCC and identified PINT87aa as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yunong Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China
| | - Runchen Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
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278
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Lv H, Liu J, Zhen C, Wang Y, Wei Y, Ren W, Shang P. Magnetic fields as a potential therapy for diabetic wounds based on animal experiments and clinical trials. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12982. [PMID: 33554390 PMCID: PMC7941227 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with various complications that poses a huge worldwide healthcare burden. Wounds in diabetes, especially diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), are difficult to manage, often leading to prolonged wound repair and even amputation. Wound management in people with diabetes is an extremely clinical and social concern. Nowadays, physical interventions gain much attention and have been widely developed in the fields of tissue regeneration and wound healing. Magnetic fields (MFs)-based devices are translated into clinical practice for the treatment of bone diseases and neurodegenerative disorder. This review attempts to give insight into the mechanisms and applications of MFs in wound care, especially in improving the healing outcomes of diabetic wounds. First, we discuss the pathological conditions associated with chronic diabetic wounds. Next, the mechanisms involved in MFs' effects on wounds are explored. At last, studies and reports regarding the effects of MFs on diabetic wounds from both animal experiments and clinical trials are reviewed. MFs exhibit great potential in promoting wound healing and have been practised in the management of diabetic wounds. Further studies on the exact mechanism of MFs on diabetic wounds and the development of suitable MF-based devices could lead to their increased applications into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Lv
- School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
- Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd.AnjiZhejiangChina
- Research & Development InstituteNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShenzhenChina
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and BiotechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Junyu Liu
- School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
- Research & Development InstituteNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShenzhenChina
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and BiotechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Chenxiao Zhen
- School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
- Research & Development InstituteNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShenzhenChina
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and BiotechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Yijia Wang
- School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
- Research & Development InstituteNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShenzhenChina
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and BiotechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Yunpeng Wei
- Research & Development InstituteNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Weihao Ren
- School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
- Research & Development InstituteNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShenzhenChina
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and BiotechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Peng Shang
- School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
- Research & Development InstituteNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityShenzhenChina
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and BiotechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
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279
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Chavarría AP, Vázquez RRV, Cherit JGD, Bello HH, Suastegui HC, Moreno-Castañeda L, Alanís Estrada G, Hernández F, González-Marcos O, Saucedo-Orozco H, Manzano-Pech L, Márquez-Velasco R, Guarner-Lans V, Pérez-Torres I, Soto ME. Antioxidants and pentoxifylline as coadjuvant measures to standard therapy to improve prognosis of patients with pneumonia by COVID-19. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1379-1390. [PMID: 33680348 PMCID: PMC7910139 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The type 2 coronavirus causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and produces pneumonia with pulmonary alveolar collapse. In some cases it also causes sepsis and septic shock. There is no specific treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vitamin C (Vit C), Vitamin E (Vit E), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Melatonin (MT) increase the intracellular content of GSH, kidnap free radicals and protect DNA, proteins in the cytosol and lipids in cell membranes. Pentoxifylline (Px) has anti-inflammatory activities. Here we evaluate the effect of Vit C, Vit E, NAC, and MT plus Px in COVID-19 patients with moderate and severe pneumonia. 110 patients of either sex were included. They were divided into five groups with 22 patients each. Group 1 received Vit C + Px, group 2 Vit E + Px, group 3 NAC + Px, group 4 MT + Px, and group 5 only Px. Oxidative stress (OS) markers such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitrites (NO2 -) were evaluated in plasma. The antioxidant therapy improved the survival scores including the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), the Acute Physiology and chronic Health Evaluation II (Apache II), the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), the Critical Illness Risk Score, Launched during COVID-19 crisis (COVIDGRAM) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). We found that LPO (p≤0.04) and inflammation markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6, p≤ 0.01), C reactive protein (CRP, p ≤ 0.01) and procalcitonin (PCT, p ≤ 0.05) were elevated. TAC (p ≤ 0.03) and NO2 - (p ≤ 0.04) found themselves diminished in diminished in COVID-19 patients upon admission to the hospital. The different antioxidants reversed this alteration at the end of the treatment. The treatment with antioxidant supplements such as Vit C, E, NAC, and MT plus Px could decelerate the aggressive and lethal development of COVID-19. Antioxidant therapy can be effective in this pandemia since it improves the survival scores including SOFA, Apache II, SAPS II, COVIDGRAM, GCS by lowering the LPO, IL-6, CRP, PCT and increasing systemic TAC and NO2 -.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Palacios Chavarría
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
- Critical Care in American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, I.A.P. ABC I.A.P. ABC Sur 136 No. 116 Col. Las Américas, México City 01120 , Mexico
| | - Rafael Ricardo Valdez Vázquez
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - José Guillermo Domínguez Cherit
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán” Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14000, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey EMCS, Mexico
| | - Héctor Herrera Bello
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Humberto Castillejos Suastegui
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Lidia Moreno-Castañeda
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alanís Estrada
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Fabián Hernández
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Omar González-Marcos
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Huitzilihuitl Saucedo-Orozco
- Cardioneumology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
- Cardioneumology Department, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Seris y Zaachila, Col. La Raza Azcapotzalco, 02990 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Velasco
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080 Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Juan Badiano 1 , Sección XVI , Tlalpan , México City 14080 , Mexico
- American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center , I.A.P. ABC I.A.P. ABC Sur 136 No. 116 Col. Las Américas , México City 01120 , Mexico
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280
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Gromotowicz-Poplawska A, Szoka P, Zakrzeska A, Kolodziejczyk P, Marcinczyk N, Szemraj J, Tutka P, Chabielska E. Hyperglycemia Potentiates Prothrombotic Effect of Aldosterone in a Rat Arterial Thrombosis Model. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020471. [PMID: 33671798 PMCID: PMC7927020 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of aldosterone (ALDO) in the development of arterial thrombosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. To evaluate the effect of endogenous ALDO, the rats underwent adrenalectomy (ADX). ADX reduced the development of arterial thrombosis. A 1 h infusion of ALDO (30 μg/kg/h) enhanced thrombosis in adrenalectomized rats, while this effect was potentiated in diabetic rats. ALDO shortened bleeding time, increased plasma levels of tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor, decreased plasma level of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, and increased oxidative stress. Moreover, 2 h incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with ALDO (10-7 M) disrupted hemostatic balance in endothelial cells in normoglycemia (glucose 5.5 mM), and this effect was more pronounced in hyperglycemia (glucose 30 mM). We demonstrated that the acute ALDO infusion enhances arterial thrombosis in rats and hyperglycemia potentiates this prothrombotic effect. The mechanism of ALDO action was partially mediated by mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors and related to impact of the hormone on primary hemostasis, TF-dependent coagulation cascade, fibrinolysis, NO bioavailability, and oxidative stress balance. Our in vitro study confirmed that ALDO induces prothrombotic phenotype in the endothelium, particularly under hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gromotowicz-Poplawska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (N.M.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-857485804
| | - Piotr Szoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | | | - Patrycjusz Kolodziejczyk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Natalia Marcinczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (N.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Tutka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.K.); (P.T.)
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Ewa Chabielska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (N.M.); (E.C.)
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281
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Abriz AE, Rahbarghazi R, Nourazarian A, Avci ÇB, Mahboob SA, Rahnema M, Araghi A, Heidarzadeh M. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid plus insulin on atherosclerotic human endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2021; 18:10. [PMID: 33602249 PMCID: PMC7890865 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-021-00277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is touted as one of the most critical consequences of diabetes mellitus indicated by local inflammation of endothelial cells. The Effect of Omega 3 fatty acids, mainly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been investigated in cells after exposure to high doses of lipids. The current experiment aimed to address the modulatory effects of docosahexaenoic acid and insulin in palmitic-treated human endothelial cells. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with 1 mM palmitic acid, 50 μM insulin, 50 μM docosahexaenoic acid, and their combination for 48 h. Cell survival rate and apoptosis were measured using MTT and flow cytometry assays. The Griess assay detected NO levels. Protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB were studied using ELISA and immunofluorescence imaging. The expression of genes participating in atherosclerosis was monitored using PCR array analysis. Results Oil Red O staining showed the inhibitory effect of DHA and insulin to reduce the intracellular accumulation of palmitic acid. Both DHA and Insulin blunted palmitic acid detrimental effects on HUVECs indicated by an increased survival rate (p < 0.05). The percent of apoptotic cells was decreased in palmitic-treated cells received insulin and DHA compared to palmitic-treated group (p < 0.05). Based on our data, DHA and Insulin diminished the production of all inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB, in palmitic-treated cells (p < 0.05). Similar to these data, NO production was also decreased in all groups treated with insulin and DHA compared to the palmitic-treated cells (p < 0.05). PCR array analysis revealed the modulatory effect of DHA and insulin on the expression of atherosclerosis-related genes pre-treated with palmitic acid compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion DHA and Insulin could alter the dynamic growth and dysfunctional activity of human endothelial cells after treatment with palmitic acid. Taken together, Omega 3 fatty acids, along with insulin, could dictate specific cell behavior in endothelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysan Eslami Abriz
- Department of Biochemistry, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran.
| | - Çıgır Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Soltan Ali Mahboob
- Department of Biochemistry, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahnema
- Department of Biochemistry, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Araghi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Morteza Heidarzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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282
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Gul M, Batur AF, Böcü K, Kaynar M, Kilic O, Göktaş S. Seasonal fluctuation of erectile dysfunction: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary university hospital across 10 years. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14019. [PMID: 33599339 DOI: 10.1111/and.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) shares several risk factors with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT) and coronary vascular disease (CVD), which were well-associated with seasonal fluctuation with the highest peak in winter. In this study, we aimed to determine whether ED demonstrates seasonal fluctuations with the above-mentioned systemic diseases. Database from a tertiary university hospital between 2010 and 2020 was deciphered to retrieve patients diagnosed with ED. Patients with primary bladder tumour and post-procedural ED constituted the negative control groups from the same study period. International index of erectile function questionnaire (IIEF-15) was used to segregate included patients into mild/moderate and severe ED groups. The probability of detecting DM, HT and CVD in patients with severe ED was significantly higher than that of with mild/moderate ED (p < 0.05). More ED symptoms emerged and were diagnosed in the winter seasons even though no statistical significance was observed between patients with mild/moderate and severe ED (p = 0.946, Cramer's V coefficient = 0.19). The seasonal variation of patients with bladder tumour and post-procedural ED groups showed no significant difference (p > 0.05, both). ED admissions are associated with higher peaks in the winter seasons. This may help in daily clinical practice to warrant better clinical and epidemiological interpretation of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Gul
- School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Furkan Batur
- School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kadir Böcü
- School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kaynar
- School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Kilic
- School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Göktaş
- School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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283
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Gora IM, Ciechanowska A, Ladyzynski P. NLRP3 Inflammasome at the Interface of Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Type 2 Diabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020314. [PMID: 33546399 PMCID: PMC7913585 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), accounting for 90–95% cases of diabetes, is characterized by chronic inflammation. The mechanisms that control inflammation activation in T2DM are largely unexplored. Inflammasomes represent significant sensors mediating innate immune responses. The aim of this work is to present a review of links between the NLRP3 inflammasome, endothelial dysfunction, and T2DM. The NLRP3 inflammasome activates caspase-1, which leads to the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β and interleukin 18. In this review, we characterize the structure and functions of NLRP3 inflammasome as well as the most important mechanisms and molecules engaged in its activation. We present evidence of the importance of the endothelial dysfunction as the first key step to activating the inflammasome, which suggests that suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome could be a new approach in depletion hyperglycemic toxicity and in averting the onset of vascular complications in T2DM. We also demonstrate reports showing that the expression of a few microRNAs that are also known to be involved in either NLRP3 inflammasome activation or endothelial dysfunction is deregulated in T2DM. Collectively, this evidence suggests that T2DM is an inflammatory disease stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, studies revealing the role of glucose concentration in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome are analyzed. The more that is known about inflammasomes, the higher the chances to create new, effective therapies for patients suffering from inflammatory diseases. This may offer potential novel therapeutic perspectives in T2DM prevention and treatment.
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284
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Pang M, Li Y, Gu W, Sun Z, Wang Z, Li L. Recent Advances in Epigenetics of Macrovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 30:186-196. [PMID: 32873490 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic and endocrine disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for >90% of people with diabetes. Disorders of blood glucose metabolism and a series of adverse reactions triggered by hyperglycaemia-such as oxidative stress and inflammation-are conducive to the occurrence of diabetic macrovascular complications, which pose severe challenges to the quality of life and life expectancy of people with diabetes. In recent years, epigenetics has attracted more and more researchers' attention as they explore the causes and treatment of diabetes. Epigenetics refers to the regulation of gene expression without changes in gene content. Research focusses on DNA methylation, histone post-translational modification and non-coding RNA. A series of studies have shown that epigenetic regulation accelerates the development of atherosclerosis by interfering with the physiological activities of macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, such as inflammation, lipid deposition and apoptosis. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore new epigenetic discoveries to reduce the severity and harmfulness of diabetes. This study reviewed recent advances in epigenetics in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its macrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchang Pang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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285
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Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet Counts, and Mean Platelet Volumes. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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286
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Bays HE, Taub PR, Epstein E, Michos ED, Ferraro RA, Bailey AL, Kelli HM, Ferdinand KC, Echols MR, Weintraub H, Bostrom J, Johnson HM, Hoppe KK, Shapiro MD, German CA, Virani SS, Hussain A, Ballantyne CM, Agha AM, Toth PP. Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors. Am J Prev Cardiol 2021; 5:100149. [PMID: 34327491 PMCID: PMC8315386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given rapid advancements in medical science, it is often challenging for the busy clinician to remain up-to-date on the fundamental and multifaceted aspects of preventive cardiology and maintain awareness of the latest guidelines applicable to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The “American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) Top Ten CVD Risk Factors 2021 Update” is a summary document (updated yearly) regarding CVD risk factors. This “ASPC Top Ten CVD Risk Factors 2021 Update” summary document reflects the perspective of the section authors regarding ten things to know about ten sentinel CVD risk factors. It also includes quick access to sentinel references (applicable guidelines and select reviews) for each CVD risk factor section. The ten CVD risk factors include unhealthful nutrition, physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, obesity, considerations of select populations (older age, race/ethnicity, and sex differences), thrombosis/smoking, kidney dysfunction and genetics/familial hypercholesterolemia. For the individual patient, other CVD risk factors may be relevant, beyond the CVD risk factors discussed here. However, it is the intent of the “ASPC Top Ten CVD Risk Factors 2021 Update” to provide a succinct overview of things to know about ten common CVD risk factors applicable to preventive cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold E. Bays
- Medical Director / President, Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Louisville, KY USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Pam R. Taub
- University of California San Diego Health, San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - Erin D. Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A. Ferraro
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison L. Bailey
- Chief, Cardiology, Centennial Heart at Parkridge, Chattanooga, TN USA
| | - Heval M. Kelli
- Northside Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Lawrenceville, GA USA
| | - Keith C. Ferdinand
- Professor of Medicine, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Melvin R. Echols
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Morehouse School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Howard Weintraub
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, New York, NY USA
| | - John Bostrom
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, New York, NY USA
| | - Heather M. Johnson
- Christine E. Lynn Women's Health & Wellness Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital/Baptist Health South Florida, Clinical Affiliate Associate Professor, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL USA
| | - Kara K. Hoppe
- Assistant Professor, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Michael D. Shapiro
- Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Charles A. German
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Salim S. Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Aliza Hussain
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Christie M. Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine and Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ali M. Agha
- Department of Medicine and Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL USA
- Cicarrone center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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287
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Peng M, Zhao X, Wang C, Guan L, Li K, Gu C, Lin Y. In Situ Observation of Glucose Metabolism Dynamics of Endothelial Cells in Hyperglycemia with a Stretchable Biosensor: Research Tool for Bridging Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1043-1049. [PMID: 33296175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome associated with hyperglycemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Applying the mechanical stretch on cells to simulate blood circulation while monitoring the cell glucose metabolism in a high-glucose environment is important for better comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis caused by diabetes. Herein, we developed a facile strategy integrating zeolitic imidazolate framework-8-encapsulated glucose oxidase (GOx@ZIF-8) and an gold (Au) stretchable electrode (Au SE) to construct a flexible and stretchable glucose sensor (GOx@ZIF-8/Au SE) for investigating the glucose metabolism mechanism of stretched endothelial cells in hyperglycemia. The encapsulation of GOx with ZIF-8 prevents the aggregation and detachment of GOx from the sensing interface and endows the biosensor with high stability. Additionally, the Au SE with inherent stretchability can act as an integrated platform for mechanical stimulation as well as for transient signal sensing during the mechanotransduction process. Moreover, this flexible and stretchable glucose sensor is successfully used for monitoring the glucose metabolism of mechanically stimulated cells in hyperglycemia, and it was found for the first time that the glucose utilization ability of cells under static conditions is higher than that in the stretched state. This facile and straightforward method paves a promising route for designing a stable enzyme-based stretchable biosensor for detecting the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lihao Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chaoyue Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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288
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Prattichizzo F, De Nigris V, Sabbatinelli J, Giuliani A, Castaño C, Párrizas M, Crespo I, Grimaldi A, Baranzini N, Spiga R, Mancuso E, Rippo MR, Procopio AD, Novials A, Bonfigli AR, Garavelli S, La Sala L, Matarese G, de Candia P, Olivieri F, Ceriello A. CD31 + Extracellular Vesicles From Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Shuttle a miRNA Signature Associated With Cardiovascular Complications. Diabetes 2021; 70:240-254. [PMID: 33097483 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Innovative biomarkers are needed to improve the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Blood circulating miRNAs have been proposed as a potential tool to detect T2DM complications, but the lack of tissue specificity, among other reasons, has hampered their translation to clinical settings. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-shuttled miRNAs have been proposed as an alternative approach. Here, we adapted an immunomagnetic bead-based method to isolate plasma CD31+ EVs to harvest vesicles deriving from tissues relevant for T2DM complications. Surface marker characterization showed that CD31+ EVs were also positive for a range of markers typical of both platelets and activated endothelial cells. After characterization, we quantified 11 candidate miRNAs associated with vascular performance and shuttled by CD31+ EVs in a large (n = 218) cross-sectional cohort of patients categorized as having T2DM without complications, having T2DM with complications, and control subjects. We found that 10 of the tested miRNAs are affected by T2DM, while the signature composed by miR-146a, -320a, -422a, and -451a efficiently identified T2DM patients with complications. Furthermore, another CD31+ EV-shuttled miRNA signature, i.e., miR-155, -320a, -342-3p, -376, and -422a, detected T2DM patients with a previous major adverse cardiovascular event. Many of these miRNAs significantly correlate with clinical variables held to play a key role in the development of complications. In addition, we show that CD31+ EVs from patients with T2DM are able to promote the expression of selected inflammatory mRNAs, i.e., CCL2, IL-1α, and TNFα, when administered to endothelial cells in vitro. Overall, these data suggest that the miRNA cargo of plasma CD31+ EVs is largely affected by T2DM and related complications, encouraging further research to explore the diagnostic potential and the functional role of these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria De Nigris
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlos Castaño
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelina Párrizas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Crespo
- Cytometry and Cell Sorting Facility, Centre Esther Koplowitz, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nicolò Baranzini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Rosangela Spiga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Centre of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS - INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Novials
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Garavelli
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale "G. Salvatore," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale "G. Salvatore," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Centre of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS - INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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289
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Sütő G, Molnár GA, Rokszin G, Fábián I, Kiss Z, Szekanecz Z, Poór G, Jermendy G, Kempler P, Wittmann I. Risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and/or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: a nationwide study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001765. [PMID: 33472796 PMCID: PMC7818813 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mortality and disability in diabetes mellitus are determined mostly by cardiovascular complications and cancer. The impact of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) monotherapy or combination on long-term complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus was studied. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes treated with DPP-4i or SGLT2i during a 3-year period were identified in the database of the National Institute of Health Insurance Fund in Hungary. All-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), lower limb amputation (LLA) and cancer were assessed. Outcomes of add-on SGLT2i to DPP-4i treatment in comparison with switching DPP-4i therapy to SGLT2i were also evaluated. After propensity score matching, survival analysis was performed with a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS After propensity score matching, both SGLT2i and DPP-4i groups included 18 583 patients. All-cause mortality (HR, 0.80; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.94; p=0.0057), HHF (HR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.92; p=0.0018), and risk of cancer (HR, 0.75; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.86; p<0.0001) were lower in the SGLT2i population compared with DPP-4i. Risk of LLA was higher in the SGLT2i group (HR, 1.35; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.77; p=0.0315). SGLT2i in combination with DPP-4i results in lower all-cause mortality (HR, 0.46; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.67; p=0.0001), with a lower trend in stroke, LLA, HHF and cancer, but without any statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2i treatment leads to a lower risk of overall mortality, HHF and cancer when compared with DPP-4i treatment. Adding SGLT2i to DPP-4i instead of switching from DPP-4i to SGLT2i further lowers the risk of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Sütő
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Centre, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergő A Molnár
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Centre, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | | | - Zoltan Kiss
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Centre, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyula Poór
- National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Peter Kempler
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Wittmann
- Second Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Centre, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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290
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Li G, Chen Z, Lv Z, Li H, Chang D, Lu J. Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: Associations and Possible Mechanisms. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:7394378. [PMID: 33859687 PMCID: PMC8025139 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7394378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently emerged disease with formidable infectivity and high mortality. Emerging data suggest that diabetes is one of the most prevalent comorbidities in patients with COVID-19. Although their causal relationship has not yet been investigated, preexisting diabetes can be considered as a risk factor for the adverse outcomes of COVID-19. Proinflammatory state, attenuation of the innate immune response, possibly increased level of ACE2, along with vascular dysfunction, and prothrombotic state in people with diabetes probably contribute to higher susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2 infection and worsened prognosis. On the other hand, activated inflammation, islet damage induced by virus infection, and treatment with glucocorticoids could, in turn, result in impaired glucose regulation in people with diabetes, thus working as an amplification loop to aggravate the disease. Therefore, glycemic management in people with COVID-19, especially in those with severe illness, is of considerable importance. The insights may help to reduce the fatality in the effort against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerui Li
- Department of Geratology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zhan Lv
- Department of Geratology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Geratology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Danqi Chang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jinping Lu
- Department of Geratology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
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291
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Garg RK, Ouyang B, Khan J, Panos N, Da Silva I, Hall D, Shepherd S, John S, Kocak M, Bhabad S, Kazlauskaite R, Jhaveri M, Bleck TP. Association of Longitudinal Glycemia with Diffusion Weighted Imaging Lesions in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 30:105554. [PMID: 33341562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Higher glycemia on admission has been associated with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesions in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). However, the influence of longitudinal glycemia after admission and during a patient's hospitalization on DWI lesions in sICH has not been studied. Our aim was to compare longitudinal glycemia in sICH patients with and without DWI lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Glycemia measurements were abstracted on participants enrolled in a prospective observational study examining predictors for DWI lesions in sICH. Univariate analysis was used to compare mean longitudinal glycemia in sICH patients with and without DWI lesions. Logistical regression was used to determine whether mean longitudinal glycemia was predictive of DWI lesions. RESULTS DWI lesions were found in 60 of the 121 (49.6%) participants. Mean time-to-MRI was 99.6 h (SD ± 89). During this time interval, 2,101 glucose measurements were analyzed with a median number of 7 (IQR 12, 1-261) measurements per patient. Mean longitudinal glycemia was higher in the DWI positive group compared to the DWI negative group until time-to-MRI (132 mg/dL vs 122 mg/dL, p = 0.03). Mean longitudinal glycemia was found to be predictive of DWI lesions (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.035, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Mean longitudinal glycemia was higher in sICH patients with DWI lesions compared to those without DWI lesions. Future research into the association between higher glycemia and DWI lesions in sICH may provide insight into a pathophysiologic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Deborah Hall
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sayona John
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mehmet Kocak
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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The cardiovascular complications of diabetes: a striking link through protein glycation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:188-198. [PMID: 32759408 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a predominant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. One of its serious health problems is cardiovascular complications. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a group of heterogeneous toxic oxidant compounds that are formed after a non-enzymatic reaction between monosaccharides and free amino groups of proteins, compound lipids, and nucleic acids. AGE interacts with various types of cells through a receptor for AGE (RAGE). The interaction between AGE and RAGE is responsible for a cascade of inflammation, oxidative stress, and disruption of calcium homeostasis in cardiac cells of diabetic patients. There is striking evidence that the AGE/RAGE axis with its consequences on inflammation and oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of cardiovascular complications. Therefore, considering AGE as a therapeutic target with foreseeable results would be a wise direction for future research. Interestingly, several studies on nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and natural products have begun to reveal promising therapeutic results, and this could lead to better health outcomes for many diabetic patients worldwide. This article discusses the current literature addressing the connection between protein glycation and diabetes cardiovascular complications and suggests future avenues of research.
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293
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Sharma A, Mittal S, Aggarwal R, Chauhan MK. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: inter-relation of risk factors and treatment. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The diabetes mellitus prevalence is still advancing and increasingly becoming one of the globally most severe and expensive chronic illnesses. The strong correlation between diabetes as well as the most prominent reason for diabetes and death in diabetic patients is cardiovascular disorders. Health conditions like dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and other factors of risk like the risk of cardiovascular are frequent in diabetic persons and raise the likelihood of heart attacks.
Main text
In particular, several researchers have found diabetes mellitus-related biochemical pathways that raise the likelihood of cardiovascular disorder in people with diabetes individually. This review describes diabetes-cardiovascular disorder relationships, explores potential therapeutic mechanisms, addresses existing treatment, care, and describes the directions for the future for study.
Conclusion
Thus, in individuals with diabetes, it is important to concentrate on cardiovascular threat variables to reduce the illness’s lasting cardiovascular complications. Further work to enhance knowledge of the disease state and its impact on cardiovascular function is required to boost medical treatment and cardiovascular disorders result in people with diabetes.
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294
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Aboul-Hassan SS, Stankowski T, Marczak J, Peksa M, Nawotka M, Stanislawski R, Moskal L, Lipowski A, Sá MPBO, Cichon R. Impact of Preoperative Aspirin on Long-Term Outcomes in Diabetic Patients Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: a Propensity Score Matched Study. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 35:859-868. [PMID: 33306311 PMCID: PMC7731840 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to determine the effect of preoperative aspirin administration on early and long-term clinical outcomes in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods In this observational study, a total of 315 patients were included and grouped according to the time interval between their last aspirin dose and the time of surgery; patients who had been continued aspirin intake with last administered dose ≤ 24-hours before CABG (n=144) and those who had been given the last dose of aspirin between 24 to 48 hours before CABG (n=171). Results Multivariable analysis showed that the continuation of preoperative aspirin intake ≤ 24 hours before CABG in patients with DM is associated with reduced incidence of 30-day major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) (P=0.004) as well as reduced incidence of composite 30-day mortality/MACCE (P=0.012). During mean follow-up of 37±17.5 months, the unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) showed that aspirin ≤ 24 hours prior CABG in patients with DM significantly reduced the incidence of MACCE and composite of mortality/MACCE during follow-up (HR: 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.87; P=0.014 and HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38-0.97; P=0.039, respectively). However, after propensity score (PS) matching, the PS-adjusted HR showed a non-significant trend towards the reduction of MACCE during follow-up (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.31-1.06; P=0.081). Conclusion Continuation of preoperative aspirin intake ≤ 24 hours before CABG in patients with DM is associated with reduced incidence of early MACCE, but without significant influence on long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Stankowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sana-Heart Center Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Jakub Marczak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Trent Cardiac Centre, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Peksa
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medinet Heart Center Ltd, Nowa Sol, Poland
| | - Marcin Nawotka
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medinet Heart Center Ltd, Nowa Sol, Poland
| | | | - Lukasz Moskal
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medinet Heart Center Ltd, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Lipowski
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nowa Sol Multidisciplinary Hospital, Nowa Sol, Poland
| | - Michel Pompeu B O Sá
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery of Pronto Socorro Cardiologico de Pernambuco, PROCAPE, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Romuald Cichon
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medinet Heart Center Ltd, Nowa Sol, Poland.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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295
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Severina AS, Shestakova MV. [Angiogenesis system, as a part of endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: relationship with obesity]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:23-28. [PMID: 33346475 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.10.000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate parameters of angiogenesis system in patients with diabetes mellitus and their relationship with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS 104 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 were included in the study. Patients were divided in 2 groups: Obesity+ (body mass index30 kg/m2;n=63) and Obesity- (body mass index 30 kg/m2;n=41). In all patients was performed clinico-diagnostical examination. mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors flt-1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase 1), KDR (human kinase insert domain receptor) were determined in blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in investigated parameters between study groups. mRNA expression level of VEGF was slightly lower in men compared to women: 0.19 (0.14; 0.32)vs0.28 (0.12; 0.4) respectively,р=0.2236. MRNA expression level of flt-1 was lower in men compared to women: 0.14 (0.04; 0.3)vs0.25 (0.12; 0.38),р=0.0321 (statistically significant). We found statistically significant correlations of mRNA expression level of VEGF with mRNA expression level of flt-1 and KDR. Also we found strong positive correlations of BMI and mRNA expression levels VEGF, flt-1, KDR (r=0.86107,r=0.86125,r=0.86112, respectively,p0.001). CONCLUSION Results of the study displayed relationship of obesity and angiogenesis system condition in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Further investigations are perspective for the future as a way to new therapeutical approach of obesity and its complications treatment.
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296
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Saik OV, Klimontov VV. Bioinformatic Reconstruction and Analysis of Gene Networks Related to Glucose Variability in Diabetes and Its Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228691. [PMID: 33217980 PMCID: PMC7698756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose variability (GV) has been recognized recently as a promoter of complications and therapeutic targets in diabetes. The aim of this study was to reconstruct and analyze gene networks related to GV in diabetes and its complications. For network analysis, we used the ANDSystem that provides automatic network reconstruction and analysis based on text mining. The network of GV consisted of 37 genes/proteins associated with both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Cardiovascular system, pancreas, adipose and muscle tissues, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney were recognized as the loci with the highest expression of GV-related genes. According to Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, these genes are associated with insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, glycogen biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, MAPK and JAK-STAT cascades, protein kinase B signaling, cell proliferation, nitric oxide biosynthesis, etc. GV-related genes were found to occupy central positions in the networks of diabetes complications (cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy) and were associated with response to hypoxia. Gene prioritization analysis identified new gene candidates (THBS1, FN1, HSP90AA1, EGFR, MAPK1, STAT3, TP53, EGF, GSK3B, and PTEN) potentially involved in GV. The results expand the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the GV phenomenon in diabetes and provide molecular markers and therapeutic targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Saik
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Computer Proteomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vadim V. Klimontov
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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297
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Huang Y, Wang JS, Yang L, Yue L, Zhang L, Zhang YH, Song YW, Li D, Yang Z. Paeoniflorin ameliorates glycemic variability-induced oxidative stress and platelet activation in HUVECs and DM rats. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42605-42612. [PMID: 35692727 PMCID: PMC9119283 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02036b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycemic variability (GV) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Paeoniflorin is an effective Chinese traditional medicine with anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effects. Previous studies implicated the beneficial effects of paeoniflorin in treatment for diabetic complications, such as type 2 diabetic nephropathy and diabetes with myocardial ischemic injury. Current evidence suggests that oxidative stress and platelet activation, as well as their interaction, are potentially associated with GV and involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated vascular complications. This study aimed to explore the effects of paeoniflorin on oxidative stress and platelet activation, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured with different glucose concentrations, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed different glycemic index diets. Paeoniflorin treatment effectively improved the morphology and cell viability of HUVECs under glucose fluctuation. Moreover, the platelet aggregation rate, CD62p expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration decreased, while glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) levels increased in paeoniflorin-treated groups. In conclusion, our study found that paeoniflorin ameliorates oxidative stress and platelet activation induced by glycemic variability both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a novel potential strategy for treatment of diabetic complications. Glycemic variability (GV) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- Emergency Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091 China +86 10 62835314 +86 10 62835314
| | - Jing-Shang Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100026 China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091 China
| | - Long Yue
- Emergency Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091 China +86 10 62835314 +86 10 62835314
| | - Lei Zhang
- Emergency Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091 China +86 10 62835314 +86 10 62835314
| | - Yan-Hong Zhang
- Emergency Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091 China +86 10 62835314 +86 10 62835314
| | - Ye-Wen Song
- Emergency Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091 China +86 10 62835314 +86 10 62835314
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091 China
| | - Zhixu Yang
- Emergency Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091 China +86 10 62835314 +86 10 62835314
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298
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Ma X, Sun Y, Cheng Y, Shen H, Gao F, Qi J, Yang L, Wang Z, Shi D, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhou Y. Prognostic impact of the atherogenic index of plasma in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:240. [PMID: 33198752 PMCID: PMC7667811 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), an emerging lipid index that can predict the risk for cardiovascular disease, with adverse outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been determined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the AIP could independently predict adverse cardiovascular events in T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of a single-centre prospective registry involving 826 consecutive T2DM patients who underwent primary or elective PCI for ACS from June 2016 to November 2017. This study ultimately included 798 patients (age, 61 ± 10 years; male, 72.7%). The AIP was calculated as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the plasma concentration of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). All the patients were divided into 4 groups based on the AIP quartiles. The primary endpoint was a composite of death from any cause, non-fatal spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI), non-fatal ischaemic stroke, and unplanned repeat revascularization. The key secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, and non-fatal ischaemic stroke. Results During a median follow-up period of 927 days, 198 patients developed at least one event. An unadjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the incidence of the primary endpoint increased gradually with rising AIP quartiles (log-rank test, P = 0.001). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that compared with the lowest AIP quartile, the top AIP quartile was associated with significantly increased risk for the primary and key secondary endpoints (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.249, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.438 to 3.517, P < 0.001; and HR: 2.571, 95% CI: 1.027 to 6.440, P = 0.044, respectively). Conclusions A higher AIP value on admission was independently and strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular events in T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yujing Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
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299
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Festa M, Sansone C, Brunet C, Crocetta F, Di Paola L, Lombardo M, Bruno A, Noonan DM, Albini A. Cardiovascular Active Peptides of Marine Origin with ACE Inhibitory Activities: Potential Role as Anti-Hypertensive Drugs and in Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8364. [PMID: 33171852 PMCID: PMC7664667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing interest in hypertension-one of the main factors characterizing the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS)-and anti-hypertensive drugs raised from the emergence of a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID19 pandemic. The virus SARS-CoV-2 employs the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a component of the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) system, as a receptor for entry into the cells. Several classes of synthetic drugs are available for hypertension, rarely associated with severe or mild adverse effects. New natural compounds, such as peptides, might be useful to treat some hypertensive patients. The main feature of ACE inhibitory peptides is the location of the hydrophobic residue, usually Proline, at the C-terminus. Some already known bioactive peptides derived from marine resources have potential ACE inhibitory activity and can be considered therapeutic agents to treat hypertension. Peptides isolated from marine vertebrates, invertebrates, seaweeds, or sea microorganisms displayed important biological activities to treat hypertensive patients. Here, we reviewed the anti-hypertensive activities of bioactive molecules isolated/extracted from marine organisms and discussed the associated molecular mechanisms involved. We also examined ACE2 modulation in sight of SARS2-Cov infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Festa
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 30138 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (M.L); (D.M.N.)
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Fabio Crocetta
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luisa Di Paola
- Unit of Chemical-physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Antonino Bruno
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 30138 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (M.L); (D.M.N.)
| | - Douglas M. Noonan
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 30138 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (M.L); (D.M.N.)
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 30138 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (M.L); (D.M.N.)
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300
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Guan S, Xu X, Li Y, Li J, Guan M, Wang X, Jing Q, Huo Y, Han Y. Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Antithrombotic Management Patterns and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insights From the EPICOR Asia Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013476. [PMID: 33164633 PMCID: PMC7763726 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Long‐term use of antiplatelet agents after acute coronary syndrome in diabetic patients is not well known. Here, we describe antiplatelet use and outcomes in such patients enrolled in the EPICOR Asia (Long‐Term Follow‐up of Antithrombotic Management Patterns in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Asia) registry. Methods and Results EPICOR Asia is a prospective, observational study of 12 922 patients with acute coronary syndrome surviving to discharge, from 8 countries/regions in Asia. The present analysis included 3162 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 9602 patients without DM. The impact of DM on use of antiplatelet agents and events (composite of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, with or without any revascularization; individual components, and bleeding) was evaluated. Significant baseline differences were seen between patients with DM and patients without DM for age, sex, body mass index, cardiovascular history, angiographic findings, and use of percutaneous coronary intervention. At discharge, ≈90% of patients in each group received dual antiplatelet therapy. At 2‐year follow‐up, more patients with DM tended to still receive dual antiplatelet therapy (60% versus 56%). DM was associated with increased risk from ischemic but not major bleeding events. Independent predictors of the composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with DM were age ≥65 years and use of diuretics at discharge. Conclusions Antiplatelet agent use is broadly comparable in patients with DM and patients without DM, although patients with DM are more likely to be on dual antiplatelet therapy at 2 years. Patients with DM are at increased risk of ischemic events, suggesting an unmet need for improved antithrombotic treatment. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01361386.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Guan
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang China
| | - Yi Li
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang China
| | - Jing Li
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang China
| | - Mingzi Guan
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang China
| | - Xiaozeng Wang
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang China
| | - Quanmin Jing
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang China
| | - Yong Huo
- Peking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Yaling Han
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang China
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