301
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Bai Y, Copeland WE, Adams Z, Lerner M, King JA, Szopinski S, Devadanam V, Rettew J, Hudziak J. The University of Vermont Wellness Environment: Feasibility and Initial Results of a College Undergraduate Health-Promoting Program. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2019; 28:247-265. [PMID: 30832956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The University of Vermont Wellness Environment program is a neuroscience-inspired, incentive-based behavioral change program designed to improve health and academic outcomes in college-age students. The program uses health promotion and illness prevention delivered in classrooms, residential halls, and via a customized App that incentivizes healthy behaviors and monitors the use of health-promoting activities. This article presents feasibility data on participation of college students in ongoing data collection about key outcomes related to health and well-being. The data collection component were easily implemented in college students and yielded high-quality data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Rowell 305, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - William E Copeland
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont, UHC St Joseph 3210A, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Zoe Adams
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Room 3213, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Matthew Lerner
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Room 3213, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Jessica A King
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Room 3213, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Steve Szopinski
- Division of Student Affairs, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Vinay Devadanam
- Division of Student Affairs, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Jeff Rettew
- Division of Student Affairs, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Jim Hudziak
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
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302
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Ormel J, Hartman CA, Snieder H. The genetics of depression: successful genome-wide association studies introduce new challenges. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:114. [PMID: 30877272 PMCID: PMC6420566 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent successful genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for depression have yielded more than 80 replicated loci and brought back the excitement that had evaporated during the years of negative GWAS findings. The identified loci provide anchors to explore their relevance for depression, but this comes with new challenges. Using the watershed model of genotype-phenotype relationships as a conceptual aid and recent genetic findings on other complex phenotypes, we discuss why it took so long and identify seven future challenges. The biggest challenge involves the identification of causal mechanisms since GWAS associations merely flag genomic regions without a direct link to underlying biological function. Furthermore, the genetic association with the index phenotype may also be part of a more extensive causal pathway (e.g., from variant to comorbid condition) or be due to indirect influences via intermediate traits located in the causal pathways to the final outcome. This challenge is highly relevant for depression because even its narrow definition of major depressive disorder captures a heterogeneous set of phenotypes which are often measured by even more broadly defined operational definitions consisting of a few questions (minimal phenotyping). Here, Mendelian randomization and future discovery of additional genetic variants for depression and related phenotypes will be of great help. In addition, reduction of phenotypic heterogeneity may also be worthwhile. Other challenges include detecting rare variants, determining the genetic architecture of depression, closing the "heritability gap", and realizing the potential for personalized treatment. Along the way, we identify pertinent open questions that, when addressed, will advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Ormel
- Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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303
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Henderson JL, Brownlie EB, McMain S, Chaim G, Wolfe DA, Rush B, Boritz T, Beitchman JH. Enhancing prevention and intervention for youth concurrent mental health and substance use disorders: The Research and Action for Teens study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:110-119. [PMID: 28745011 PMCID: PMC6492445 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concurrent mental health and substance use disorders among youth are associated with functional impairment in developmentally salient domains, yet research on prevention and intervention for this vulnerable population is sparse. This paper describes the rationale and design of the Research and Action for Teens study, an initiative designed to strengthen the evidence base for prevention, screening, treatment and service delivery for youth concurrent mental health and substance use concerns. METHODS Four sub-studies were developed: (1) a cohort study examining the emergence of mental health and substance use concerns from early to mid-adolescence; (2) a screening and diagnosis study validating screening tools with a diagnostic interview; (3) a treatment study examining the feasibility and effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy skills training interventions for youth and family members; and (4) a systems study implementing cross-sectoral collaborative networks of youth-serving agencies using a common screening tool. RESULTS Multiple stakeholders, including service providers from youth-serving agencies across sectors, consumer groups and family members participated in an initial consultation, and in the implementation of 4 sub-studies. CONCLUSIONS Collaboration with community stakeholders across sectors and disciplines throughout the research process is challenging but feasible, and is important for the production of applicable knowledge across the continuum of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Henderson
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E B Brownlie
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelley McMain
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gloria Chaim
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Wolfe
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Research & Education on Violence Against Women & Children, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Rush
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tali Boritz
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph H Beitchman
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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304
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Sierawska A, Prehn-Kristensen A, Moliadze V, Krauel K, Nowak R, Freitag CM, Siniatchkin M, Buyx A. Unmet Needs in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Can Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Fill the Gap? Promises and Ethical Challenges. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:334. [PMID: 31156480 PMCID: PMC6531921 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder most frequently diagnosed in children and adolescents. Although ADHD can be effectively treated with psychostimulants, a significant proportion of patients discontinue treatment because of adverse events or insufficient improvement of symptoms. In addition, cognitive abilities that are frequently impaired in ADHD are not directly targeted by medication. Therefore, additional treatment options, especially to improve cognitive abilities, are needed. Because of its relatively easy application, well-established safety, and low cost, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising additional treatment option. Further research is needed to establish efficacy and to integrate this treatment into the clinical routine. In particular, limited evidence regarding the use of tDCS in children, lack of clear translational guidelines, and general challenges in conducting research with vulnerable populations pose a number of practical and ethical challenges to tDCS intervention studies. In this paper, we identify and discuss ethical issues related to research on tDCS and its potential therapeutic use for ADHD in children and adolescents. Relevant ethical issues in the tDCS research for pediatric ADHD center on safety, risk/benefit ratio, information and consent, labeling problems, and nonmedical use. Following an analysis of these issues, we developed a list of recommendations that can guide clinicians and researchers in conducting ethically sound research on tDCS in pediatric ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sierawska
- Division of Biomedical Ethics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Prehn-Kristensen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vera Moliadze
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krauel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Siniatchkin
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alena Buyx
- Institute for History and Ethics in Medicine Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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305
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Martin F, Oliver T. Behavioral activation for children and adolescents: a systematic review of progress and promise. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:427-441. [PMID: 29476253 PMCID: PMC6445819 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral activation (BA) effectively treats depression in adults, and shows promise in treating anxiety. Research into its application to children and adolescents is emerging. This review aimed to explore the scope of studies, current evidence of effectiveness and how the intervention has been delivered and adapted, to inform future research. A systematic review was undertaken searching PsycInfo, PubMed including Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus for terms relating to BA and children and adolescents. Two researchers scored abstracts for inclusion. Data extraction was completed by one researcher and checked by another. 19 studies were identified, across 21 published articles. 12 were case studies, with three pre-post pilot designs and four randomized-controlled trials. Case studies found early support for the feasibility and potential effectiveness of BA to address both anxiety and depression. The RCTs reported largely positive outcomes. Meta-analysis of depression scores indicated that BA may be effective; however, high heterogeneity was observed. Sample sizes to date have been small. BA has been delivered by trained therapists, doctoral trainee psychologists, social workers, or psychology graduates. Studies are uniquely in high-income settings. Adaptations include flexibility in content delivery, youth friendly materials, and parental involvement. There is some limited evidence to support BA as effective for young people. Feasibility and acceptability are supported. Fully powered trials are now required, with expansion to delivery in low- and middle-income settings, and detailed consideration of implementation issues that consider culture and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Thomas Oliver
- University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY UK
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306
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Grebosz-Haring K, Thun-Hohenstein L. Effects of group singing versus group music listening on hospitalized children and adolescents with mental disorders: A pilot study. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01014. [PMID: 30582039 PMCID: PMC6299041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an emerging view that music-related interventions (MuRI) may play an important role for youth with mental disorders. Here, we assessed the potential neuroendocrine (cortisol), immune (IgA) and psychological (mood state, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), well-being) efficacy of a brief program of MuRI (group singing versus group music listening) in children and adolescents with mental disorders in a clinical setting. Methods We performed this observational pilot study with 17 patients (aged 11-18; 11 female) admitted to the Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PMU Salzburg, Austria between March 2015 and April 2016. Patients participated in either a singing program or a music listening program, delivered through five daily, consecutive 45-minute sessions in one week. Outcomes Saliva samples for cortisol and IgA, and subjective measures of mood were taken daily, pre- and post-MuRI. HRQOL and well-being were measured pre- and post-5-day-program of MuRI. The program in singing led to a significantly larger mean drop in cortisol than in music listening (mean difference: -0·32; 95% CI -0·57 to -0·07), while listening led to a significantly higher mean positive change in the dimension calmness (mean difference: -2·66, 95%CI -4·99 to -0·33) than singing. Moreover, singing was associated with an improvement in HRQOL, and listening with an improvement in well-being. Interpretation Our preliminary findings suggest that MuRI may provide benefits for children and adolescents with mental disorders. The differences in psychobiological responses to singing and music listening invite further investigations. A larger, suitably powered study is now needed to provide a precise estimate of the effects of MuRI for mental health promotion, both on psychological and biological experiences. Funding: Salzburg Festival, Austria, and Focus Area 'Science and Art', Salzburg, Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grebosz-Haring
- Department of Art History, Musicology and Dance Studies, University of Salzburg, Austria.,Focus Area 'Science and Art', University of Salzburg and University Mozarteum Salzburg, Bergstrasse 12, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Leonhard Thun-Hohenstein
- University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Christian-Doppler-Klinik Salzburg - Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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307
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Twenge JM, Campbell WK. Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study. Prev Med Rep 2018; 12:271-283. [PMID: 30406005 PMCID: PMC6214874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research on associations between screen time and psychological well-being among children and adolescents has been conflicting, leading some researchers to question the limits on screen time suggested by physician organizations. We examined a large (n = 40,337) national random sample of 2- to 17-year-old children and adolescents in the U.S. in 2016 that included comprehensive measures of screen time (including cell phones, computers, electronic devices, electronic games, and TV) and an array of psychological well-being measures. After 1 h/day of use, more hours of daily screen time were associated with lower psychological well-being, including less curiosity, lower self-control, more distractibility, more difficulty making friends, less emotional stability, being more difficult to care for, and inability to finish tasks. Among 14- to 17-year-olds, high users of screens (7+ h/day vs. low users of 1 h/day) were more than twice as likely to ever have been diagnosed with depression (RR 2.39, 95% CI 1.54, 3.70), ever diagnosed with anxiety (RR 2.26, CI 1.59, 3.22), treated by a mental health professional (RR 2.22, CI 1.62, 3.03) or have taken medication for a psychological or behavioral issue (RR 2.99, CI 1.94, 4.62) in the last 12 months. Moderate use of screens (4 h/day) was also associated with lower psychological well-being. Non-users and low users of screens generally did not differ in well-being. Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being were larger among adolescents than younger children.
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308
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Platt RE, Spencer AE, Burkey MD, Vidal C, Polk S, Bettencourt AF, Jain S, Stratton J, Wissow LS. What's known about implementing co-located paediatric integrated care: a scoping review. Int Rev Psychiatry 2018; 30:242-271. [PMID: 30912463 PMCID: PMC6499629 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2018.1563530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated clinical benefits of integrated care for a range of child and adolescent mental health outcomes. However, there is a significant gap between the evidence for efficacy of integrated care interventions vs their implementation in practice. While several studies have examined large-scale implementation of co-located integrated care for adults, much less is known for children. The goal of this scoping review was to understand how co-located mental health interventions targeting children and adolescents have been implemented and sustained. The literature was systematically searched for interventions targeting child and adolescent mental health that involved a mental health specialist co-located in a primary care setting. Studies reporting on the following implementation outcomes were included: acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, implementation cost, penetration, and sustainability. This search identified 34 unique studies, including randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and survey/mixed method approaches. Components facilitating implementation of on-site integrated behavioural healthcare included interprofessional communication and collaboration at all stages of implementation; clear protocols to facilitate intervention delivery; and co-employment of integrated care providers by specialty clinics. Some studies found differences in service use by demographic factors, and others reported funding challenges affecting sustainability, warranting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carolina Vidal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Sarah Polk
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Amie F Bettencourt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Sonal Jain
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine
| | - Julia Stratton
- Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Pacific Spirit and Raven Song Child and Youth Mental Health Teams
| | - Lawrence S Wissow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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309
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Cannabis use and suicide attempts among 86,254 adolescents aged 12–15 years from 21 low- and middle-income countries. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 56:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Evidence suggests that cannabis use may be associated with suicidality in adolescence. Nevertheless, very few studies have assessed this association in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this cross-sectional survey, we investigated the association of cannabis use and suicidal attempts in adolescents from 21 LMICs, adjusting for potential confounders.Method: Data from the Global school-based Student Health Survey was analyzed in 86,254 adolescents from 21 countries [mean (SD) age = 13.7 (0.9) years; 49.0% girls]. Suicide attempts during past year and cannabis during past month and lifetime were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.Results: The overall prevalence of past 30-day cannabis use was 2.8% and the age-sex adjusted prevalence varied from 0.5% (Laos) to 37.6% (Samoa), while the overall prevalence of lifetime cannabis use was 3.9% (range 0.5%–44.9%). The overall prevalence of suicide attempts during the past year was 10.5%. Following multivariable adjustment to potential confounding variables, past 30-day cannabis use was significantly associated with suicide attempts (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.42–2.91). Lifetime cannabis use was also independently associated with suicide attempts (OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.74–3.04).Conclusion: Our data indicate that cannabis use is associated with a greater likelihood for suicide attempts in adolescents living in LMICs. The causality of this association should be confirmed/refuted in prospective studies to further inform public health policies for suicide prevention in LMICs.
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310
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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy through PowerPoint: Efficacy in an Adolescent Clinical Population with Depression and Anxiety. Int J Pediatr 2018; 2018:1396216. [PMID: 30532790 PMCID: PMC6250002 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1396216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited help-seeking behaviours, among adolescents with mental health concerns and many barriers to accessing mental health services, make innovative approaches to administering mental health therapies crucial. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of e-CBT given via PowerPoint slides to treat adolescents with anxiety and/or depression. Method 15 adolescents referred to an outpatient adolescent psychiatry clinic to treat a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression chose between 8 weeks of e-CBT (n=7) or 7 weeks of live CBT (n=8). The e-CBT modules were presented using PowerPoint delivered weekly through email by either a senior psychiatry resident or an attending physician. Within each session, participants in both groups had personalized feedback on their mandatory weekly homework assignment from the previous week's module. BYIs were completed before treatment and and after final treatment within both groups to assess changes in depression, anxiety, anger, disruption, and self-concept. Findings Before treatment, BYI scores did not sig. differ between groups. After treatment, e-CBT participants reported sig. improved depression, anger, anxiety, and self-concept BYI scores while live CBT participants did not report any sig. changes. Only the Beck Anxiety Inventory sig. differed between groups after CBT. Conclusion Despite the low sample size within this study, using email to deliver e-CBT PowerPoint slides and individualized homework feedback shows promise as an alternate method of CBT delivery that reduces barriers to receiving mental health treatment that occur internationally.
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311
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Birrell L, Newton NC, Slade T, Chapman C, Mewton L, McBride N, Hides L, Chatterton ML, Allsop S, Healy A, Mather M, Quinn C, Mihalopoulos C, Teesson M. Evaluating the Long-Term Effectiveness of School-Based Depression, Anxiety, and Substance Use Prevention Into Young Adulthood: Protocol for the Climate School Combined Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e11372. [PMID: 30401663 PMCID: PMC6246975 DOI: 10.2196/11372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health and substance use disorders are the leading causes of global disability in children and youth. Both tend to first onset or escalate in adolescence and young adulthood, calling for effective prevention during this time. The Climate Schools Combined (CSC) study was the first trial of a Web-based combined universal approach, delivered through school classes, to prevent both mental health and substance use problems in adolescence. There is also limited evidence for the cost-effectiveness of school-based prevention programs. Objective The aim of this protocol paper is to describe the CSC follow-up study, which aims to determine the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the CSC prevention program for depression, anxiety, and substance use (alcohol and cannabis use) up to 7 years post intervention. Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial (the CSC study) was conducted with 6386 participants aged approximately 13.5 years at baseline from 2014 to 2016. Participating schools were randomized to 1 of 4 conditions: (1) control (health education as usual), (2) Climate Substance Use (universal substance use prevention), (3) Climate Mental Health (universal mental health prevention), or (4) CSC (universal substance use and mental health prevention). It was hypothesized that the CSC program would be more effective than conditions (1) to (3) in reducing alcohol and cannabis use (and related harms), anxiety, and depression symptoms as well as increasing knowledge related to alcohol, cannabis, anxiety, and depression. This long-term study will invite follow-up participants to complete 3 additional Web-based assessments at approximately 5, 6, and 7 years post baseline using multiple sources of locator information already provided to the research team. The primary outcomes include alcohol and cannabis use (and related harms) and mental health symptoms. An economic evaluation of the program will also be conducted using both data linkage as well as self-report resource use and quality of life measures. Secondary outcomes include self-efficacy, social networks, peer substance use, emotion regulation, and perfectionism. Analyses will be conducted using multilevel mixed-effects models within an intention-to-treat framework. Results The CSC long-term follow-up study is funded from 2018 to 2022 by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1143555). The first follow-up wave commences in August 2018, and the results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2022. Conclusions This is the first study to provide a long-term evaluation of combined universal substance use and mental health prevention up to 7 years post intervention. Evidence of sustained benefits into early adulthood would provide a scalable, easy-to-implement prevention strategy with the potential for widespread dissemination to reduce the considerable harms, burden of disease, injury, and social costs associated with youth substance use and mental disorders. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/11372
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Birrell
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola C Newton
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Chapman
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise Mewton
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- Centre for Substance Abuse Research, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mary Lou Chatterton
- Population Health Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Steve Allsop
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Annalise Healy
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marius Mather
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Quinn
- Centre for Substance Abuse Research, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Maree Teesson
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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312
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Van Fossen CA, Pratt KJ, Murray R, Skelton JA. Family Functioning in Pediatric Primary Care Patients. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2018; 57:1549-1557. [PMID: 30095008 DOI: 10.1177/0009922818793347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to pilot a brief measure of family functioning (Family Assessment Device-General Functioning [FAD_GF]) with caregivers of children aged 2 to 18 years, seen for routine pediatric primary care visits. METHODS This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the FAD_GF in a pediatric primary care sample of 400 families. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the FAD_GF using R, and WLSMV was used to estimate missing variables. RESULTS The FAD_GF was found to be reliable with this sample, α = .90. The model fit was χ2(54) = 56.44, P = .38, with root mean square error of approximation = .01 and comparative fit index = .99. The 12 items were significantly predicted by family functioning, and family functioning explained more than 20% of the variance in the items, R2 > .25. Overall, 12.6% (n = 46) of families were identified as having clinically impaired family functioning. DISCUSSION The FAD_GF provides clinicians the ability to make evidence-informed decisions regarding referrals to family therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keeley J Pratt
- 1 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,2 The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert Murray
- 3 Ohio Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph A Skelton
- 4 Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,5 Brenner Children's Hospital, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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313
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CROFF JULIEM, WASHBURN ISAACJ, COX RONALDB, LIU CHAO. Modelling opportunity: An examination of quadratic effects of adolescent Venezuelan substance use. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:865-873. [PMID: 30109744 PMCID: PMC9810268 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Numerous studies have found a linear relationship between an exposure opportunity and age of first drug use. This study further tests this relationship by exploring whether a quadratic exposure opportunity best fits the data on age of first use and whether gender moderates this relationship. That is, is there a peak age in which the transition to use occurs for male compared to female adolescents? DESIGN AND METHODS A sample of 1716 adolescents from 14 public and private schools, representative of two school districts in Caracas, Venezuela, was examined using a zero-inflated Poisson modelling approach to test for quadratic effects. A series of models were tested for each set of substances (alcohol, tobacco and other drugs) to assess whether a quadratic model has better predictive ability than linear models and to test whether gender moderates the quadratic relationship. RESULTS After controlling for common covariates, the quadratic models for alcohol indicated the peak age of transition from an exposure opportunity to use was 10-years of age in this Venezuelan sample. Gender did not moderate these models suggesting an important move toward gender equality in substance use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Focused efforts on preventing exposure to alcohol use during these windows of rapid transition is likely to have the greatest impact on delaying age of onset, which will reduce the overall prevalence of alcohol related problems among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- JULIE M. CROFF
- Department of Rural Health, Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, USA
| | - ISAAC J. WASHBURN
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA
| | - RONALD B. COX
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA
| | - CHAO LIU
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA
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314
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Crossman MK, Kazdin AE, Matijczak A, Kitt ER, Santos LR. The Influence of Interactions with Dogs on Affect, Anxiety, and Arousal in Children. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 49:535-548. [PMID: 30376648 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2018.1520119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Interactions with animals represent a promising way to reduce the burden of childhood mental illness on a large scale. However, the specific effects of child-animal interactions are not yet well-established. This study provides a carefully controlled demonstration that unstructured interactions with dogs can improve clinically relevant symptoms in children. Seventy-eight children (55.1% female, 44.9% male) ages 10 to 13 (M = 12.01, SD = 1.13) completed the Trier Social Stress Test for Children, followed by (a) interaction with a dog, (b) a tactile-stimulation control condition, or (c) a waiting control condition. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children, Short Form and the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children were completed at baseline and posttest, and salivary cortisol was assessed at 5 time points. Adjusting for baseline scores, participants in the experimental condition showed higher scores on the Positive Affect scale than participants in both control conditions and lower scores on the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children than participants in the waiting control condition at posttest. Negative affect was not assessed reliably, and we detected no effect of the interactions on salivary cortisol, as measured by area under the curve with respect to ground. Brief, unstructured interactions with dogs boosted children's positive emotions and reduced anxiety. Additional research is needed to further clarify which features of the interactions produce these benefits and the extent to which interactions with animals offer benefits that exceed the effects of other common coping strategies, activities, and interventions.
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315
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Patel V, Saxena S, Lund C, Thornicroft G, Baingana F, Bolton P, Chisholm D, Collins PY, Cooper JL, Eaton J, Herrman H, Herzallah MM, Huang Y, Jordans MJD, Kleinman A, Medina-Mora ME, Morgan E, Niaz U, Omigbodun O, Prince M, Rahman A, Saraceno B, Sarkar BK, De Silva M, Singh I, Stein DJ, Sunkel C, UnÜtzer JÜ. The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development. Lancet 2018; 392:1553-1598. [PMID: 30314863 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1175] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Patel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Sangath, Goa, India; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shekhar Saxena
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Crick Lund
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London UK
| | - Florence Baingana
- WHO Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Bolton
- Department of International Health and Department of Mental Health, Center for Humanitarian Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dan Chisholm
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pamela Y Collins
- University of Washington School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janice L Cooper
- The Carter Center, Monrovia, Liberia; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julian Eaton
- CBM International, Bensheim, Germany; Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen Herrman
- Orygen, National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; World Psychiatric Association, Melbourne, VIC Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre in Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Mohammad M Herzallah
- Palestinian Neuroscience Initiative, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine; Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yueqin Huang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Mark J D Jordans
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Research and Development, War Child, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arthur Kleinman
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ellen Morgan
- Templeton World Charity Foundation, Nassau, The Bahamas
| | - Unaiza Niaz
- Psychiatric Clinic and Stress Research Centre, Karachi, Pakistan; University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Olayinka Omigbodun
- College of Medicine and Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Martin Prince
- King's Global Health Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Atif Rahman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Benedetto Saraceno
- School of Medical Sciences, University Nova of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bidyut K Sarkar
- PRIDE Project, Sangath, India; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ilina Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlene Sunkel
- South African Federation for Mental Health, Johannesburg, South Africa; Movement for Global Mental Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - JÜrgen UnÜtzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Advancing Integrated Mental Health Solutions Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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316
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MacDonald K, Fainman-Adelman N, Anderson KK, Iyer SN. Pathways to mental health services for young people: a systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:1005-1038. [PMID: 30136192 PMCID: PMC6182505 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While early access to appropriate care can minimise the sequelae of mental illnesses, little is known about how youths come to access mental healthcare. We therefore conducted a systematic review to synthesise literature on the pathways to care of youths across a range of mental health problems. METHODS Studies were identified through searches of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, HealthSTAR and CINAHL), supplemented by backward and forward mapping and hand searching. We included studies on the pathways to mental healthcare of individuals aged 11-30 years. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data. RESULTS Forty-five studies from 26 countries met eligibility criteria. The majority of these studies were from settings that offered services for the early stages of psychosis, and others included inpatient and outpatient settings targeting wide-ranging mental health problems. Generally, youths' pathways to mental healthcare were complex, involved diverse contacts, and, sometimes, undue treatment delays. Across contexts, family/carers, general practitioners and emergency rooms featured prominently in care pathways. There was little standardization in the measurement of pathways. CONCLUSIONS Except in psychosis, youths' pathways to mental healthcare remain understudied. Pathways to care research may need to be reconceptualised to account for the often transient and overlapping nature of youth mental health presentations, and the possibility that what constitutes optimal care may vary. Despite these complexities, additional research, using standardized methodology, can yield a greater understanding of the help-seeking behaviours of youths and those acting on their behalf; service responses to help-seeking; and the determinants of pathways. This understanding is critical to inform ongoing initatives to transform youth mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen MacDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP) and ACCESS Open Minds (pan-Canadian youth mental health services research network), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nina Fainman-Adelman
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP) and ACCESS Open Minds (pan-Canadian youth mental health services research network), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly K Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Srividya N Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP) and ACCESS Open Minds (pan-Canadian youth mental health services research network), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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317
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Göbel K, Baumgarten F, Kuntz B, Hölling H, Schlack R. ADHD in children and adolescents in Germany. Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study and trends. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2018; 3:42-49. [PMID: 35586800 PMCID: PMC8848912 DOI: 10.17886/rki-gbe-2018-085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood and adolescence and is associated with functional, psychosocial and cognitive impairment. As part of the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (2014-2017), parents of children and adolescents aged between 3 and 17 years reported whether their child was diagnosed with ADHD by a physician or psychologist. Overall, 4.4% of children and adolescents have been diagnosed with ADHD in Germany. In comparison, the KiGGS baseline study (2003-2006) showed a reduction of lifetime ADHD diagnoses of almost one percentage point over a period of ten years. The reduction of parent-reported ADHD diagnoses primarily occurred among 3- to 8-year old children and boys. The results are discussed in terms of health promotion and the introduction of health care measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Göbel
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
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318
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Rabbi M, Philyaw Kotov M, Cunningham R, Bonar EE, Nahum-Shani I, Klasnja P, Walton M, Murphy S. Toward Increasing Engagement in Substance Use Data Collection: Development of the Substance Abuse Research Assistant App and Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial Using Adolescents and Emerging Adults. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e166. [PMID: 30021714 PMCID: PMC6070723 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substance use is an alarming public health issue associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Adolescents and emerging adults are at particularly high risk because substance use typically initiates and peaks during this developmental period. Mobile health apps are a promising data collection and intervention delivery tool for substance-using youth as most teens and young adults own a mobile phone. However, engagement with data collection for most mobile health applications is low, and often, large fractions of users stop providing data after a week of use. Objective Substance Abuse Research Assistant (SARA) is a mobile application to increase or sustain engagement of substance data collection overtime. SARA provides a variety of engagement strategies to incentivize data collection: a virtual aquarium in the app grows with fish and aquatic resources; occasionally, funny or inspirational contents (eg, memes or text messages) are provided to generate positive emotions. We plan to assess the efficacy of SARA’s engagement strategies over time by conducting a micro-randomized trial, where the engagement strategies will be sequentially manipulated. Methods We aim to recruit participants (aged 14-24 years), who report any binge drinking or marijuana use in the past month. Participants are instructed to use SARA for 1 month. During this period, participants are asked to complete one survey and two active tasks every day between 6 pm and midnight. Through the survey, we assess participants’ daily mood, stress levels, loneliness, and hopefulness, while through the active tasks, we measure reaction time and spatial memory. To incentivize and support the data collection, a variety of engagement strategies are used. First, predata collection strategies include the following: (1) at 4 pm, a push notification may be issued with an inspirational message from a contemporary celebrity; or (2) at 6 pm, a push notification may be issued reminding about data collection and incentives. Second, postdata collection strategies include various rewards such as points which can be used to grow a virtual aquarium with fishes and other treasures and modest monetary rewards (up to US $12; US $1 for each 3-day streak); also, participants may receive funny or inspirational content as memes or gifs or visualizations of prior data. During the study, the participants will be randomized every day to receive different engagement strategies. In the primary analysis, we will assess whether issuing 4 pm push-notifications or memes or gifs, respectively, increases self-reporting on the current or the following day. Results The microrandomized trial started on August 21, 2017 and the trial ended on February 28, 2018. Seventy-three participants were recruited. Data analysis is currently underway. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, SARA is the first mobile phone app that systematically manipulates engagement strategies in order to identify the best sequence of strategies that keep participants engaged in data collection. Once the optimal strategies to collect data are identified, future versions of SARA will use this data to provide just-in-time adaptive interventions to reduce substance use among youth. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03255317; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03255317 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/70raGWV0e) Registered Report Identifier RR1-10.2196/9850
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashfiqui Rabbi
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Meredith Philyaw Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rebecca Cunningham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Erin E Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Inbal Nahum-Shani
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Predrag Klasnja
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maureen Walton
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Susan Murphy
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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319
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Abreu N, Dias I, Cascais M, Luz A, Moleiro P. What are the most frequent diagnoses in adolescence? The reality of an Adolescent Medicine Clinic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 16:eAO4225. [PMID: 29972440 PMCID: PMC6019239 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082018ao4225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective To characterize the care flow and the primary diagnoses of an Adolescent Medicine Clinic. Methods A retrospective descriptive study, with analysis of clinical processes of adolescents (10-18 years) seen at the Adolescent Medicine Clinic, from January 2006 to December 2013. The following variables were analyzed: sex, age, number of visits, referring service and primary diagnoses according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. As to the variable age, the adolescents were divided into two groups: Group I comprised those aged 10-14 years, and Group II, 15-18 years. Results A total of 7,692 visits were carried out, in that, 1,659 first visits (22%), with an annual growth rate of 6%. The mean age was 14.2 years, and 55% of patients were female. The group of endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases was the most representative in our sample (34%), with obesity being the most frequent diagnosis in both sexes and age groups (23%), with a higher prevalence in males (13% male versus 10% female, p<0.001) and younger adolescents (18% in Group I versus 5% in Group II p<0.001). The group of mental and behavioral disorders was the second most prevalent (32%), affecting mainly females (39% female versus 22% male, p<0.001) and the older age group (39% Group II versus 27% Group I, p<0.001). Social problems were the primary diagnosis in 8% of visits. Conclusion Most diseases diagnosed have a strong behavioral and social component, particularly mental disorders and obesity. This specific type of diagnoses reinforces the need for a global approach for adolescents and specialized adolescent medicine units/clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Abreu
- Centro Hospitalar Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Inês Dias
- Centro Hospitalar Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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320
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Gray PH, Edwards DM, Hughes IP, Pritchard M. Social-emotional development in very preterm infants during early infancy. Early Hum Dev 2018; 121:44-48. [PMID: 29775884 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Gray
- Growth and Development Unit, Mater Mothers' Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Dawn M Edwards
- Growth and Development Unit, Mater Mothers' Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian P Hughes
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Margo Pritchard
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australian Catholic University, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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321
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Parental Restriction of Movie Viewing Prospectively Predicts Adolescent Alcohol and Marijuana Initiation: Implications for Media Literacy Programs. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2018; 19:914-926. [PMID: 29717391 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Youth are heavy consumers of media, and exposure to mature media content is associated with initiation and progression of substance use. Parental restriction of such content has been shown to be an effective mechanism to reduce negative consequences attributed to exposure to mature media content. This study assessed the influence of parental restriction of movie watching across Motion Picture Association of America rating categories on subsequent alcohol and marijuana initiation at 1- and 2-year follow-up. Using data from a longitudinal study of adolescent substance use (N = 1023), we used logistic regression analyses to determine the odds of alcohol and marijuana initiation across movie rating categories, within R-rated restriction categories in particular, and based on changes in parental restriction of movies over time. All analyses controlled for important parental, personality, and behavioral correlates of adolescent substance use. Results suggest that restriction of R-rated movies is protective of both alcohol and marijuana initiation. Important differences among parental restriction of R-rated movie categories emerged such that being allowed to watch them with adult supervision was protective of substance use, while those who reported watching R-rated films despite parental restrictions were at heightened risk for alcohol initiation. Changes in parental movie restrictions were not predictive of substance use initiation over the subsequent year. Implications of these findings for media literacy program prevention strategies are discussed.
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322
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Lesinskiene S, Girdzijauskiene S, Gintiliene G, Butkiene D, Puras D, Goodman R, Heiervang E. Epidemiological study of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in Lithuania. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:548. [PMID: 29699524 PMCID: PMC5921298 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background From the public health perspective, epidemiological data of child mental health and psychosocial correlates were necessary and very lacking in Lithuanian society that has been undergoing rapid socio-economic change since the past decades. Together with determining the prevalence rates of disorders and assessing the needs for the services, this study has also shifted attention from the highly selective samples of children attending children and adolescent mental health services towards less severe cases of psychopathology as well as different attitudes of parents and teachers. The aim of the first epidemiological study in Lithuania was to identify the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the community sample of children. Methods Child psychiatric disorders were investigated in a representative sample of 3309 children aged 7–16 years (1162 7–10-year-olds and 2147 11–16-year-olds), using a two-phase design with the Lithuanian version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in the first screening phase, and the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) in the second diagnostic phase. Results The estimated point prevalence of ICD-10 psychiatric disorders was 13.1% for the total sample (14.0% for the child sample and 12.1% for adolescent sample). The most common groups of disorders were Conduct disorders 6.6% (7.1% for child sample and 6.0% for adolescent sample), Anxiety disorders 5.0% (5.9% for child sample and 6.0% for adolescent sample), with Hyperkinesis being less common 2.0% (2.7% for child sample and 1.2% for adolescent sample). Potential risk factors were related to individual characteristics of the child (gender, poor general health, and stressful life experiences), and the family (single parenthood, foster care, unfavourable family climate, disciplining difficulties, worries related to TV or computer use). Conclusions The overall prevalence of youth psychiatric disorders was relatively high in this representative Lithuanian sample compared to Western European countries. The SDQ and DAWBA measures appear useful for the further research and clinical practice in this society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Lesinskiene
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Grazina Gintiliene
- Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Butkiene
- Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dainius Puras
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Robert Goodman
- King's college London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Einar Heiervang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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323
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Hiscock H, Neely RJ, Lei S, Freed G. Paediatric mental and physical health presentations to emergency departments, Victoria, 2008-15. Med J Aust 2018; 208:343-348. [PMID: 29669495 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify trends in presentations to Victorian emergency departments (EDs) by children and adolescents for mental and physical health problems; to determine patient characteristics associated with these presentations; to assess the relative clinical burdens of mental and physical health presentations. DESIGN Secondary analysis of Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (VEMD) data. Participants, setting: Children and young people, 0-19 years, who presented to public EDs in Victoria, 2008-09 to 2014-15. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Absolute numbers and proportions of mental and physical health presentations; types of mental health diagnoses; patient and clinical characteristics associated with mental and physical health presentations. RESULTS Between 2008-09 and 2014-15, the number of mental health presentations increased by 6.5% per year, that of physical health presentations by 2.1% per year; the proportion of mental health presentations rose from 1.7% to 2.2%. Self-harm accounted for 22.5% of mental health presentations (11 770 presentations) and psychoactive substance use for 22.3% (11 694 presentations); stress-related, mood, and behavioural and emotional disorders together accounted for 40.3% (21 127 presentations). The rates of presentations for self-harm, stress-related, mood, and behavioural and emotional disorders each increased markedly over the study period. Patients presenting with mental health problems were more likely than those with physical health problems to be triaged as urgent (2014-15: 66% v 40%), present outside business hours (36% v 20%), stay longer in the ED (65% v 82% met the National Emergency Access Target), and be admitted to hospital (24% v 18%). CONCLUSIONS The number of children who presented to Victorian public hospital EDs for mental health problems increased during 2008-2015, particularly for self-harm, depression, and behavioural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Hiscock
- Health Services Research Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Rachel J Neely
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Shaoke Lei
- Health Services Research Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Gary Freed
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Turner J, Pigott H, Tomlinson M, Jordans MJ. Developmental assistance for child and adolescent mental health in low- and middle-income countries (2007-2014): Annual trends and allocation by sector, project type, donors and recipients. J Glob Health 2018. [PMID: 29302326 PMCID: PMC5737098 DOI: 10.7189/07.020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, mental disorders are the leading cause of disability among children and adolescents. To date, there has been no estimate of developmental assistance supporting mental health projects that target children and adolescents (DAMH–CA). This study aimed to identify, describe and analyse DAMH–CA with respect to annual trends (2007–2014), sector, project type, recipient regions, and top donor and recipient countries, and estimate annual DAMH–CA per child/adolescent by region. Methods Developmental assistance for all projects focused on children and adolescent mental health between 2007 and 2014 was identified on the Organisation for Economic Co–operation and Development’s (OECD) Creditor Reporting System, and analysed by target population, sector, project type, donors, and recipients. The study did not include governmental or private organisation funds, nor funding for projects that targeted the community or those that included mental health but not as a primary objective. Results Between 2007 and 2014, 704 projects were identified, constituting US$ 88.35 million in DAMH–CA, with an average of 16.9% of annual development assistance for mental health. Three quarters of DAMH–CA was used to fund projects in the humanitarian sector, while less than 10% was directed at mental health projects within the education, HIV/AIDS, rights, and neurology sectors. DAMH–CA was predominantly invested in psychosocial support projects (US$ 63.24 million, 72%), while little in absolute and relative terms supported capacity building, prevention, promotion or research, with the latter receiving just US$ 1.2 million over the eight years (1.4% of total DAMH–CA). For 2014, DAMH–CA per child/adolescent was US$ 0.02 in Europe, less than US$ 0.01 in Asia, Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean, and US$ 0 in Oceania. Conclusions To mitigate the growing burden of mental and neurological disorders, increased financial aid must be invested in child and adolescent mental health, especially with respect to capacity building, research and prevention of mental disorder projects. The present findings can be used to inform policy development and guide resource allocation, as current developmental assistance is described by sector and project type, thereby facilitating the identification of specific areas of investment need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Turner
- Department of Research and Development, War Child Holland, the Netherlands.,Independent consultant, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hugo Pigott
- Department of Research and Development, War Child Holland, the Netherlands.,Independent consultant, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mark Tomlinson
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark Jd Jordans
- Department of Research and Development, War Child Holland, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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325
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Abstract
In an analysis of data from the Creditor Reporting System, Chunling Lu and colleagues investigate the level of development assistance from high-income countries towards child and adolescent mental health in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Lu
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Science and Technology-National Research Foundation (DST-NRF) Center of Excellence in Human Development, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vikram Patel
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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326
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Avci D, Selcuk KT, Kaynak S. The Magnitude and Determinants of Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Working Adolescents in Turkey. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2018; 32:44-50. [PMID: 29413071 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Working adolescents are at a greater risk of mental disorders than are non-working adolescents. The present study was aimed at determining the magnitude and determinants of emotional and behavioral problems in working adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with 343 adolescents attending two vocational training centers in the province of Balikesir between January 2016 and March 2016. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. In the analysis, descriptive statistics, the t-test, Mann Whitney U test and one way ANOVA were used. RESULTS In the study of the adolescents, 16.9% were determined to have abnormal emotional and behavioral problems. Of the participating adolescents, girls, those with physical illnesses, living in fragmented families, perceiving their economic status as good, having fathers with primary school education and/or having mothers with high school or higher education had significantly higher emotional and behavioral problem scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In this study, approximately one-fifth working Turkish adolescents had abnormal mental status. Based on the aforementioned results, it can be suggested to develop intervention programs for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of emotional and behavioral problems in working adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Avci
- Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Bandirma, Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Kevser Tari Selcuk
- Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Bandirma, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Serap Kaynak
- Balikesir University School of Health, Department of Nursing, Balikesir, Turkey
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327
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La Maison C, Munhoz TN, Santos IS, Anselmi L, Barros FC, Matijasevich A. Prevalence and risk factors of psychiatric disorders in early adolescence: 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:685-697. [PMID: 29654332 PMCID: PMC6003978 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in early adolescence, to examine the distribution of psychiatric disorders by maternal and child characteristics and to evaluate the occurrence of psychiatric comorbidities. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of all live births in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in 2004 (n = 4231). A total of 3562 subjects were evaluated at 11 years of age. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment. Crude and adjusted logistic regression was used to investigate risk factors for any psychiatric disorder. RESULTS According to DSM-5 criteria, the overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 13.2% (n = 471), 15.6% among the boys and 10.7% among the girls. The most common disorders were anxiety disorders (4.3%), any attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (4.0%) and any conduct/oppositional disorder (2.8%). Low maternal education, smoking during pregnancy, the presence of moods symptoms during pregnancy or maternal chronic and severe depressive symptoms in the first years of the adolescent´s life, male gender, 5-min Apgar score < 7 at birth and preterm birth were associated with higher odds of any psychiatric disorder at age 11. Psychiatric comorbidities were observed in 107 subjects (22.7%), of whom 73, 24, and 10 had two, three, and four psychiatric diagnoses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results underscore the importance of psychiatric disorders as a prevalent condition in early adolescence, which has a direct impact on the planning of public policies and specific mental health care services in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina La Maison
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago N. Munhoz
- 0000 0001 2134 6519grid.411221.5Department of Psychology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil ,0000 0001 2134 6519grid.411221.5Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil ,0000 0001 2134 6519grid.411221.5Centro de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Caixa Postal 464, Pelotas, RS CEP: 96020-220 Brazil
| | - Iná S. Santos
- 0000 0001 2134 6519grid.411221.5Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luciana Anselmi
- 0000 0001 2134 6519grid.411221.5Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando C. Barros
- 0000 0001 2296 8774grid.411965.ePostgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ,0000 0001 2134 6519grid.411221.5Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Turner J, Pigott H, Tomlinson M, Jordans MJD. Developmental assistance for child and adolescent mental health in low– and middle–income countries (2007–2014): Annual trends and allocation by sector, project type, donors and recipients. J Glob Health 2017; 7:020901. [DOI: 10.7189/jogh.07.020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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329
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Marel C, Mills KL. The importance of identifying, managing, and appropriately treating comorbidity
in young people. ADVANCES IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/add-09-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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330
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Copeland WE, Goldston DB, Costello EJ. Adult Associations of Childhood Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: A Prospective, Longitudinal Analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56:958-965.e4. [PMID: 29096778 PMCID: PMC6501553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicidal thoughts and behavior (STBs) have their peak period of onset in adolescence, but little is known about how such behavior is associated with later functioning. The aim of this study is to test whether childhood STBs are related to adult psychiatric, suicidal, and functional outcomes. METHOD This is a prospective, population-based community study of 1,420 participants assessed with structured interviews up to 7 times in childhood/adolescence (ages 9-16 years; 6,674 observations) for STBs including passive and active ideation, plans, and attempts. Participants were then assessed 4 times in young adulthood (ages 19, 21, 24, and 30 years; 4,556 observations of 1,273 participants) for psychiatric diagnoses, STBs, and functional outcomes. RESULTS By age 16 years, 7.0% of participants had reported some type of STBs, with 3.9% reporting an attempt. Both ideation only and suicide attempts were associated with higher levels of anxiety disorders and STBs in adulthood, as well as poor functioning across financial, health, risky/illegal, and social domains. These observed effects generally were attenuated after adjusting for other psychiatric and psychosocial factors that predict childhood STBs (particularly maltreatment, depression, and disruptive behavior disorders). The exception was adult suicidal behavior, which was predicted by both childhood ideation and attempts, even in the fully adjusted model. Children and adolescents with STBs were more likely to have had a disrupted transition to adulthood. CONCLUSION Childhood STBs are a marker for a multitude of poor psychiatric and functional outcomes in adulthood, but these effects are largely accounted for by other factors. In contrast, childhood STBs are a robust risk factor for adult suicidal thoughts and behavior.
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331
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Waddell C, Schwartz C, Andres C. Making Children’s Mental Health a Public Policy Priority: For the One and the Many. Public Health Ethics 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/phe/phx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Waddell
- Children’s Health Policy Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University
| | - Christine Schwartz
- Children’s Health Policy Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University
| | - Caitlyn Andres
- Children’s Health Policy Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University
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332
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Piqueras JA, Martín-Vivar M, Sandin B, San Luis C, Pineda D. The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale: A systematic review and reliability generalization meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 218:153-169. [PMID: 28475961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are among the most common mental disorders during childhood and adolescence. Among the instruments for the brief screening assessment of symptoms of anxiety and depression, the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is one of the more widely used. Previous studies have demonstrated the reliability of the RCADS for different assessment settings and different versions. The aims of this study were to examine the mean reliability of the RCADS and the influence of the moderators on the RCADS reliability. METHODS We searched in EBSCO, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and NCBI databases and other articles manually from lists of references of extracted articles. RESULTS A total of 146 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The RCADS showed robust internal consistency reliability in different assessment settings, countries, and languages. We only found that reliability of the RCADS was significantly moderated by the version of RCADS. However, these differences in reliability between different versions of the RCADS were slight and can be due to the number of items. LIMITATIONS We did not examine factor structure, factorial invariance across gender, age, or country, and test-retest reliability of the RCADS. CONCLUSIONS The RCADS is a reliable instrument for cross-cultural use, with the advantage of providing more information with a low number of items in the assessment of both anxiety and depression symptoms in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bonifacio Sandin
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Pineda
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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333
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Erskine HE, Baxter AJ, Patton G, Moffitt TE, Patel V, Whiteford HA, Scott JG. The global coverage of prevalence data for mental disorders in children and adolescents. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2017; 26:395-402. [PMID: 26786507 PMCID: PMC6998634 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796015001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Children and adolescents make up almost a quarter of the world's population with 85% living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, mental (and substance use) disorders are the leading cause of disability in young people; however, the representativeness or 'coverage' of the prevalence data is unknown. Coverage refers to the proportion of the target population (ages 5-17 years) represented by the available data. METHODS Prevalence data for conduct disorder (CD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), eating disorders (EDs), depression, and anxiety disorders were sourced from systematic reviews conducted for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) and 2013 (GBD 2013). For each study, the location proportion was multiplied by the age proportion to give study coverage. Location proportion was calculated by dividing the total study location population by the total study location population. Age proportion was calculated by dividing the population of the country aged within the age range of the study sample by the population of the country aged within the age range of the study sample. If a study only sampled one sex, study coverage was halved. Coverage across studies was then summed for each country to give coverage by country. This method was repeated at the region and global level, and separately for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. RESULTS Mean global coverage of prevalence data for mental disorders in ages 5-17 years was 6.7% (CD: 5.0%, ADHD: 5.5%, ASDs: 16.1%, EDs: 4.4%, depression: 6.2%, anxiety: 3.2%). Of 187 countries, 124 had no data for any disorder. Many LMICs were poorly represented in the available prevalence data, for example, no region in sub-Saharan Africa had more than 2% coverage for any disorder. While coverage increased between GBD 2010 and GBD 2013, this differed greatly between disorders and few new countries provided data. CONCLUSIONS The global coverage of prevalence data for mental disorders in children and adolescents is limited. Practical methodology must be developed and epidemiological surveys funded to provide representative prevalence estimates so as to inform appropriate resource allocation and support policies that address mental health needs of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. E. Erskine
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A. J. Baxter
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - G. Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T. E. Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - V. Patel
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - H. A. Whiteford
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J. G. Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Raknes S, Pallesen S, Himle JA, Bjaastad JF, Wergeland GJ, Hoffart A, Dyregrov K, Håland ÅT, Haugland BSM. Quality of life in anxious adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2017; 11:33. [PMID: 28814971 PMCID: PMC5517841 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and anxiety symptoms across anxiety domains (obsessions/compulsions, social anxiety, panic disorder, agoraphobia, separation anxiety, physical injury fears, generalised anxiety, and posttraumatic stress) in a general adolescent population. Expanded knowledge about these associations can provide valuable information for improving interventions and prevention strategies for adolescent anxiety. METHODS Cross-sectional data about anxiety were collected via a school survey from a community sample of Norwegian adolescents aged 12-17 (N = 1719). Based on scores from the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), each adolescent was categorized as reporting a low, medium, or high level of anxiety. Each adolescent's HRQoL was then measured using the Questionnaire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents Revised Version (KINDL-R). Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to determine any relationship between anxiety symptoms and HRQoL. RESULTS Across domains of anxiety, anxiety symptoms were inversely associated with overall HRQoL. All HRQoL-dimensions were inversely associated with overall level of anxiety symptoms. In adolescents with medium and high anxiety symptoms, poor HRQoL was documented in all HRQoL dimensions with the exception of the family dimension. CONCLUSIONS The strong association between elevated levels of anxiety symptoms and poor HRQoL demonstrate the importance of improved mental health interventions and prevention initiatives targeting anxious adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solfrid Raknes
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health/University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bDepartment of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joseph A. Himle
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eSchool of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jon Fauskanger Bjaastad
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health/University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,0000 0004 0627 2891grid.412835.9Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Gro Janne Wergeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health/University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asle Hoffart
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Center and Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Dyregrov
- grid.477239.cFaculty of Health and Social Sciences and Center for Crisis Psychology, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
| | - Åshild Tellefsen Håland
- 0000 0004 0627 3712grid.417290.9Clinic of Mental Health, Psychiatry and Addiction Treatment, Sørlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Bente Storm Mowatt Haugland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health/University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Naslund JA, Aschbrenner KA, Araya R, Marsch LA, Unützer J, Patel V, Bartels SJ. Digital technology for treating and preventing mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries: a narrative review of the literature. Lancet Psychiatry 2017; 4:486-500. [PMID: 28433615 PMCID: PMC5523650 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Few individuals living with mental disorders around the globe have access to mental health care, yet most have access to a mobile phone. Digital technology holds promise for improving access to, and quality of, mental health care. We reviewed evidence on the use of mobile, online, and other remote technologies for treatment and prevention of mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries. Of the 49 studies identified, most were preliminary evaluations of feasibility and acceptability. The findings were promising, showing the potential effectiveness of online, text-messaging, and telephone support interventions. We summarised the evaluations as: technology for supporting clinical care and educating health workers, mobile tools for facilitating diagnosis and detection of mental disorders, technologies for promoting treatment adherence and supporting recovery, online self-help programmes for individuals with mental disorders, and programmes for substance misuse prevention and treatment. Continued research is needed to rigorously evaluate effectiveness, assess costs, and carefully consider potential risks of digital technology interventions for mental disorders, while determining how emerging technologies might support the scale-up of mental health treatment and prevention efforts across low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Naslund
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Health Promotion Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - Kelly A Aschbrenner
- Health Promotion Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lisa A Marsch
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jürgen Unützer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vikram Patel
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Sangath, Goa, India; Center for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Stephen J Bartels
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Health Promotion Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Mortality in individuals with disruptive behavior disorders diagnosed by specialist services - A nationwide cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2017; 251:255-260. [PMID: 28219025 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), inclusive of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD), are associated with outcomes likely to increase risk of mortality. Using Danish National Registers, a total of 1.92 million individuals including 9495 individuals with DBDs diagnosed by specialist services were followed from their first birthday to 2013. Those with and without DBDs were compared using mortality rate ratios (MRRs) estimated using Poisson regression and adjusted for calendar period, age, sex, family history of psychiatric disorders, maternal age at time of birth, paternal age at time of birth, parental education status, and parental employment status. Over the course of follow up, which totalled 24.9 million person-years, 5580 cohort members died including 78 individuals with DBDs. The mortality rate per 10,000 person-years was 9.66 for individuals with DBDs compared to 2.22 for those with no diagnosis. This corresponded to a fully adjusted MRR of 2.57 (95% confidence interval 2.04-3.20). Comorbid substance use disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder resulted in the highest MRR across all categories. These findings demonstrate the excess mortality associated with DBDs.
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Brown FL, de Graaff AM, Annan J, Betancourt TS. Annual Research Review: Breaking cycles of violence - a systematic review and common practice elements analysis of psychosocial interventions for children and youth affected by armed conflict. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:507-524. [PMID: 27943284 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, one in 10 children live in regions affected by armed conflict. Children exposed to armed conflict are vulnerable to social and emotional difficulties, along with disrupted educational and occupational opportunities. Most armed conflicts occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where mental health systems are limited and can be further weakened by the context of war. Research is needed to determine feasible and cost-effective psychosocial interventions that can be delivered safely by available mental health workforces (including nonspecialists). A vital first step toward achieving this is to examine evidence-based psychosocial interventions and identify the common therapeutic techniques being used across these treatments. METHODS A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for conflict-affected children and youth living in LMICs was performed. Studies were identified through database searches (PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PILOTS and Web of Science Core Collection), hand-searching of reference lists, and contacting expert researchers. The PracticeWise coding system was used to distill the practice elements within clinical protocols. RESULTS Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials and controlled trials conducted in conflict-affected settings, and 25 efficacious treatments were identified. Several practice elements were found across more than 50% of the intervention protocols of these treatments. These were access promotion, psychoeducation for children and parents, insight building, rapport building techniques, cognitive strategies, use of narratives, exposure techniques, and relapse prevention. CONCLUSIONS Identification of the common practice elements of effective interventions for conflict-affected children and youth can inform essential future treatment development, implementation, and evaluation for this vulnerable population. To further advance the field, research should focus on identifying which of these elements are the active ingredients for clinical change, along with attention to costs of delivery, training, supervision and how to sustain quality implementation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity L Brown
- Research Program for Children and Global Adversity, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,War Child Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M de Graaff
- Research Program for Children and Global Adversity, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Theresa S Betancourt
- Research Program for Children and Global Adversity, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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338
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Little Treatments, Promising Effects? Meta-Analysis of Single-Session Interventions for Youth Psychiatric Problems. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56:107-115. [PMID: 28117056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite progress in the development of evidence-based interventions for youth psychiatric problems, up to 75% of youths with mental health needs never receive services, and early dropout is common among those who do. If effective, then single-session interventions (SSIs) for youth psychiatric problems could increase the accessibility, scalability, completion rates, and cost-effectiveness of youth mental health services. This study assessed the effects of SSIs for youth psychiatric problems. METHOD Using robust variance estimation to address effect size (ES) dependency, findings from 50 randomized-controlled trials (10,508 youths) were synthesized. RESULTS Mean postintervention ES showed a Hedges g value equal to 0.32; the probability that a youth receiving SSI would fare better than a control-group youth was 58%. Effects varied by several moderators, including target problem: ESs were largest for anxiety (0.56) and conduct problems (0.54) and weakest for substance abuse (0.08; targeted in >33% of studies). Other problems yielded numerically promising but nonsignificant ESs (e.g., 0.21 for depression), potentially from low representation across trials. ESs differed across control conditions, with larger ESs for studies with no treatment (0.41) versus active controls (0.14); developmental periods, with greater ESs for children (0.42) than adolescents (0.19); intervention types, with largest ESs for youth-focused cognitive-behavioral approaches (0.74); and follow-up lengths, with smaller ESs for follow-ups exceeding 13 weeks. ESs did not differ for self- versus therapist-administered interventions or for youths with diagnosable versus subclinical problems. CONCLUSION Findings support the promise of SSIs for certain youth psychiatric problems and the need to clarify how, to what degree, and for whom SSIs effect lasting change.
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Anthony JC, Lopez-Quintero C, Alshaarawy O. Cannabis Epidemiology: A Selective Review. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 22:6340-6352. [PMID: 27526792 PMCID: PMC5296933 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160813214023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the most widely used set of compounds among the internationally regulated drugs is cannabis. OBJECTIVE To review evidence from epidemiological research on cannabis, organized in relation to this field's five main rubrics: quantity, location, causes, mechanisms, and prevention/ control. METHOD The review covers a selection of evidence from standardized population surveys, official statistics, and governmental reports, as well as published articles and books identified via MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar as of July 2016. RESULTS In relation to quantity, an estimated 3% to 5% of the world population is thought to have tried a cannabis product, with at least one fairly recent use, mainly extra-medical and outside boundaries of prescribed use. Among cannabis users in the United States, roughly one in 7-8 has engaged in medical marijuana use. In relation to location, prevalence proportions reveal important variations across countries and between subgroups within countries. Regarding causes and mechanisms of starting to use cannabis, there is no compelling integrative and replicable conceptual model or theoretical formulation. Most studies of mechanisms have focused upon a 'gateway sequence' and person-to-person diffusion, with some recent work on disability-adjusted life years. A brief review of cannabis use consequences, as well as prevention and control strategies is also provided. CONCLUSION At present, we know much about the frequency and occurrence of cannabis use, with too little replicable definitive evidence with respect to the other main rubrics. Given a changing regulatory environment for cannabis products, new institutions such as an independent International Cannabis Products Safety Commission may be required to produce evidence required to weigh benefits versus costs. It is not clear that governmentsponsored research will be sufficient to meet consumer demand for balanced points of view and truly definitive evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Anthony
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Catalina Lopez-Quintero
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Substance Use and HIV Neuropsychology (SUHN) Lab, Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Omayma Alshaarawy
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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340
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Gómez-Restrepo C, Bohórquez A, Tamayo Martínez N, Rondón M, Bautista N, Rengifo H, Medina Rico M. Trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad y factores asociados en la población de adolescentes colombianos, Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 45 Suppl 1:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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341
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Erskine HE, Norman RE, Ferrari AJ, Chan GCK, Copeland WE, Whiteford HA, Scott JG. Long-Term Outcomes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:841-50. [PMID: 27663939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) are common externalizing disorders. Despite previous research demonstrating that both are longitudinally associated with adverse outcomes, there have been no systematic reviews examining all of the available evidence linking ADHD and CD with a range of health and psychosocial outcomes. METHOD Electronic databases (EMBASE, Medline, and PsycINFO) were searched for studies published from 1980 up to March 2015. Published cohort and case-control studies were included if they reported a longitudinal association between ADHD or CD and adverse outcomes with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Outcomes with sufficient data were pooled in a random effects meta-analysis to give overall odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% CIs. RESULTS Of the 278 studies assessed, 114 met inclusion criteria and 98 were used in subsequent meta-analyses. ADHD was associated with adverse outcomes including academic achievement (e.g. failure to complete high school; odds ratio [OR] = 3.7, 95% CIs 2.0-7.0), other mental and substance use disorders (e.g. depression; OR = 2.3, 1.5-3.7), criminality (e.g. arrest; OR = 2.4, 1.5-3.8), and employment (e.g., unemployment; OR = 2.0, 1.0-3.9). CD was associated with outcomes relating to academic achievement (e.g. failure to complete high school; OR = 2.7, 1.5-4.7), other mental and substance use disorders (e.g., illicit drug use; OR = 2.1, 1.7-2.6), and criminality (e.g. violence; OR = 3.5, 2.3-5.3). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that ADHD and CD are associated with disability beyond immediate health loss. Although the analyses could not determine the mechanisms behind these longitudinal associations, they demonstrate the importance of addressing ADHD and CD early in life so as to potentially avert a wide range of future adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E Erskine
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland; and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland.
| | - Rosana E Norman
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland
| | - Alize J Ferrari
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland; and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland
| | | | - Harvey A Whiteford
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland; and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - James G Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland; The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland; and Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland
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342
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Lawrence D, Hafekost J, Johnson SE, Saw S, Buckingham WJ, Sawyer MG, Ainley J, Zubrick SR. Key findings from the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2016; 50:876-86. [PMID: 26644606 DOI: 10.1177/0004867415617836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents in Australia, and the severity and impact of those mental disorders. METHOD Seven mental disorders were assessed using the parent- or carer-completed version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV, and major depressive disorder was also assessed using the youth self-report version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV. Severity and impact were assessed using an extended version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV impact on functioning questions, and days absent from school due to symptoms of mental disorders. Data were collected in a national face-to-face survey of 6310 parents or carers of children and adolescents aged 4-17 years, with 2969 young people aged 11-17 years also completing a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS Twelve-month prevalence of mental disorders was 13.9%, with 2.1% of children and adolescents having severe disorders, 3.5% having moderate disorders and 8.3% having mild disorders. The most common class of disorders was attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder followed by anxiety disorders. Mental disorders were more common in step-, blended- or one-parent families, in families living in rented accommodation and families where one or both carers were not in employment. Mental disorders were associated with a substantial number of days absent from school particularly in adolescents. CONCLUSION Mental disorders are common in children and adolescents, often have significant impact and are associated with substantial absences from school. Child and adolescent mental disorders remain an important public health problem in Australia. Accurate information about prevalence and severity of child and adolescent mental disorders is an essential prerequisite for effective mental health policy and service planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lawrence
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Hafekost
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sarah E Johnson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Suzy Saw
- Health Data Analysis Pty Ltd, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Michael G Sawyer
- Discipline of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John Ainley
- Australian Council for Educational Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen R Zubrick
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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343
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Whiteford H, Ferrari A, Degenhardt L. Global Burden Of Disease Studies: Implications For Mental And Substance Use Disorders. Health Aff (Millwood) 2016; 35:1114-20. [DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Whiteford
- Harvey Whiteford ( ) is a professor of population mental health in the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, in Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alize Ferrari
- Alize Ferrari is a research fellow at the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, in Brisbane
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- Louisa Degenhardt is a professor at the National Drug and Alcohol Research Center at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia
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344
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Catchpole REH, Brownlie EB. Characteristics of Youth Presenting to a Canadian Youth Concurrent Disorders Program: Clinical Complexity, Trauma, Adaptive Functioning and Treatment Priorities. JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY = JOURNAL DE L'ACADEMIE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE DE L'ENFANT ET DE L'ADOLESCENT 2016; 25:106-15. [PMID: 27274746 PMCID: PMC4879950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes clinical characteristics of youth presenting for service at a Canadian youth concurrent mental health and substance use disorders (SUD) program. METHOD Participants were 100 adolescents and emerging adults (aged 14-25) who attended a Canadian concurrent mental health and substance use disorders outpatient program. SUDs were assigned using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Self-reported mental health symptoms, trauma exposure and adaptive functioning were also assessed. RESULTS Eighty-three percent of participants scored over the clinical cut-off on at least one mental health scale and 33% reported at least one suicide attempt. Sixty-six percent met criteria for a current SUD; 96% met lifetime criteria. Exposure to adverse events was nearly universal (94%). Almost half of female (46%) and almost a third of male (31%) participants endorsed symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Youth reported impairment and need for support in multiple domains of functioning, including school, peer, family and mental health. Substance use was least likely to be identified as a treatment priority. CONCLUSIONS High rates of adverse events and PTSD highlight the need for trauma-informed care when providing services to this vulnerable population. Functional impairment in domains related to developmental transitions and tasks underscores the need for a developmental lens and integrated treatment that goes beyond mental health and SUD symptoms and addresses developmentally relevant domains during this transitional age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind E. H. Catchpole
- Outpatient Psychiatry Department, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - E. B. Brownlie
- Child, Youth, and Family Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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345
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Logan AC, Jacka FN, Craig JM, Prescott SL. The Microbiome and Mental Health: Looking Back, Moving Forward with Lessons from Allergic Diseases. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 14:131-47. [PMID: 27121424 PMCID: PMC4857870 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2016.14.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between gastrointestinal viscera and human emotions have been documented by virtually all medical traditions known to date. The focus on this relationship has waxed and waned through the centuries, with noted surges in interest driven by cultural forces. Here we explore some of this history and the emerging trends in experimental and clinical research. In particular, we pay specific attention to how the hygiene hypothesis and emerging research on traditional dietary patterns has helped re-ignite interest in the use of microbes to support mental health. At present, the application of microbes and their structural parts as a means to positively influence mental health is an area filled with promise. However, there are many limitations within this new paradigm shift in neuropsychiatry. Impediments that could block translation of encouraging experimental studies include environmental forces that work toward dysbiosis, perhaps none more important than westernized dietary patterns. On the other hand, it is likely that specific dietary choices may amplify the value of future microbial-based therapeutics. Pre-clinical and clinical research involving microbiota and allergic disorders has predated recent work in psychiatry, an early start that provides valuable lessons. The microbiome is intimately connected to diet, nutrition, and other lifestyle variables; microbial-based psychopharmacology will need to consider this contextual application, otherwise the ceiling of clinical expectations will likely need to be lowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Logan
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), Geelong, Australia.,International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), Geelong, Australia.,International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Geelong, Australia.,The Centre for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), Geelong, Australia.,Group of Early Life Epigenetics, Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan L Prescott
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), Geelong, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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346
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Waenerlund AK, Stenmark H, Bergström E, Hägglöf B, Öhman A, Petersen S. School experiences may be important determinants of mental health problems in middle childhood - a Swedish longitudinal population-based study. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:407-15. [PMID: 26742093 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Little is known about the association between school experiences and mental health in young schoolchildren. This study explored the cross-sectional and prospective associations between children's school experiences and mental health in middle childhood. METHODS We gathered comprehensive population-based data on the school experiences and mental health of 592 schoolchildren attending grades three and six in Sweden (ages approximately nine and 12 years). The KIDSCREEN questionnaire was used to measure school experiences in both age groups while the Child Behavior Checklist and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire measured mental health in grades three and six, respectively. RESULTS Children with problematic school experiences in grade three had an approximately two times higher odds for concurrent total, internalised, externalised, attention-hyperactivity and social problems. They also had a 1.5-2.5 higher odds for these mental health problems three years later. Likewise, there was an association between problematic school experiences in grade three and lower levels of prosocial behaviour three years later. These associations were shown in both boys and girls, but were particularly pronounced in girls. CONCLUSION This study indicated that school experiences in young schoolchildren may be important determinants of concurrent and later mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin Waenerlund
- Department of Clinical Science, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - Helena Stenmark
- Department of Clinical Science, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - Erik Bergström
- Department of Clinical Science; Pediatrics; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - Bruno Hägglöf
- Department of Clinical Science, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - Ann Öhman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
- Umeå Center for Gender Studies; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - Solveig Petersen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
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347
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Lo HHM, Wong SYS, Wong JYH, Wong SWL, Yeung JWK. The effect of a family-based mindfulness intervention on children with attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms and their parents: design and rationale for a randomized, controlled clinical trial (Study protocol). BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:65. [PMID: 26980323 PMCID: PMC4791862 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 4 % of children in Hong Kong have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The parents of children with ADHD report higher levels of stress and show more negative parenting behavior. Medication and behavior training are evidence-based treatments, but both show significant limitations. In short, medical treatment is not suitable for preschool children and would suppress growth, whereas parents under stress may not be capable of consistently applying behavior management skills. Mindfulness training can improve attention and facilitate cognitive development and overall functioning. It has been widely adopted as a treatment option in health care, but its application in a family context is limited. In this context, a family-based mindfulness intervention (FBMI) has been developed to promote the attention and mental health of children with attention symptoms and to reduce the stress experienced by their parents. This article describes the design and conduct of the trial. METHODS/DESIGN A multicenter, 8-week, waitlist, randomized controlled trial of FBMI is currently being conducted in Hong Kong (from mid-2015 to mid-2016). Its effectiveness will be examined by comparing the participants who receive treatment to those in a waitlist control group. The study population consists of one hundred twenty children with ADHD, or with symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, between 5 and 7 years of age and their parents. To be included in the study, the children are required to meet or exceed the borderline cutoff score of the Chinese version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviors Rating Scale (SWAN-C). The primary outcome measures are the children's ADHD symptoms and behavior and the parents' stress. The secondary outcome measures include the children's overall behavioral problems and performance on the Attention Network Test, the parents' ADHD symptoms, the parents' mindful parenting scores, and heart rate variability of parents. DISCUSSION This study is probably the first randomized controlled trial of FBMI for young children and their caregivers. A rigorous design and multiple outcome measures are used to examine the effectiveness of FBMI. If the hypotheses are confirmed, FBMI may serve as an additional treatment option for children with ADHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (reference number: ChiCTR-IOR-15007292 ). Registered 28 October 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman H. M. Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Samuel Y. S. Wong
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Health Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Janet Y. H. Wong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Simpson W. L. Wong
- Department of Psychological Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Jerf W. K. Yeung
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
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348
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Kyu HH, Pinho C, Wagner JA, Brown JC, Bertozzi-Villa A, Charlson FJ, Coffeng LE, Dandona L, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming TD, Forouzanfar MH, Graetz N, Guinovart C, Haagsma J, Higashi H, Kassebaum NJ, Larson HJ, Lim SS, Mokdad AH, Moradi-Lakeh M, Odell SV, Roth GA, Serina PT, Stanaway JD, Misganaw A, Whiteford HA, Wolock TM, Wulf Hanson S, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Abu-Raddad LJ, AlBuhairan FS, Amare AT, Antonio CAT, Artaman A, Barker-Collo SL, Barrero LH, Benjet C, Bensenor IM, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Brazinova A, Campos-Nonato I, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Catalá-López F, Chowdhury R, Cooper C, Crump JA, Dandona R, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle RP, Dharmaratne SD, Faraon EJA, Feigin VL, Fürst T, Geleijnse JM, Gessner BD, Gibney KB, Goto A, Gunnell D, Hankey GJ, Hay RJ, Hornberger JC, Hosgood HD, Hu G, Jacobsen KH, Jayaraman SP, Jeemon P, Jonas JB, Karch A, Kim D, Kim S, Kokubo Y, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kumar GA, Larsson A, Leasher JL, Leung R, Li Y, Lipshultz SE, Lopez AD, Lotufo PA, Lunevicius R, Lyons RA, Majdan M, Malekzadeh R, Mashal T, Mason-Jones AJ, Melaku YA, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Miller TR, Mock CN, Murray J, Nolte S, Oh IH, Olusanya BO, Ortblad KF, Park EK, Paternina Caicedo AJ, Patten SB, Patton GC, Pereira DM, Perico N, Piel FB, Polinder S, Popova S, Pourmalek F, Quistberg DA, Remuzzi G, Rodriguez A, Rojas-Rueda D, Rothenbacher D, Rothstein DH, Sanabria J, Santos IS, Schwebel DC, Sepanlou SG, Shaheen A, Shiri R, Shiue I, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Sreeramareddy CT, Stein DJ, Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Sykes BL, Tabb KM, Terkawi AS, Thomson AJ, Thorne-Lyman AL, Towbin JA, Ukwaja KN, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Werdecker A, Wilkinson JD, Woldeyohannes SM, Wolfe CDA, Yano Y, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Younis MZ, Yu C, El Sayed Zaki M, Naghavi M, Murray CJL, Vos T. Global and National Burden of Diseases and Injuries Among Children and Adolescents Between 1990 and 2013: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2013 Study. JAMA Pediatr 2016; 170:267-87. [PMID: 26810619 PMCID: PMC5076765 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The literature focuses on mortality among children younger than 5 years. Comparable information on nonfatal health outcomes among these children and the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among older children and adolescents is scarce. OBJECTIVE To determine levels and trends in the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among younger children (aged <5 years), older children (aged 5-9 years), and adolescents (aged 10-19 years) between 1990 and 2013 in 188 countries from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study. EVIDENCE REVIEW Data from vital registration, verbal autopsy studies, maternal and child death surveillance, and other sources covering 14,244 site-years (ie, years of cause of death data by geography) from 1980 through 2013 were used to estimate cause-specific mortality. Data from 35,620 epidemiological sources were used to estimate the prevalence of the diseases and sequelae in the GBD 2013 study. Cause-specific mortality for most causes was estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble Model strategy. For some infectious diseases (eg, HIV infection/AIDS, measles, hepatitis B) where the disease process is complex or the cause of death data were insufficient or unavailable, we used natural history models. For most nonfatal health outcomes, DisMod-MR 2.0, a Bayesian metaregression tool, was used to meta-analyze the epidemiological data to generate prevalence estimates. FINDINGS Of the 7.7 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 7.4-8.1) million deaths among children and adolescents globally in 2013, 6.28 million occurred among younger children, 0.48 million among older children, and 0.97 million among adolescents. In 2013, the leading causes of death were lower respiratory tract infections among younger children (905.059 deaths; 95% UI, 810,304-998,125), diarrheal diseases among older children (38,325 deaths; 95% UI, 30,365-47,678), and road injuries among adolescents (115,186 deaths; 95% UI, 105,185-124,870). Iron deficiency anemia was the leading cause of years lived with disability among children and adolescents, affecting 619 (95% UI, 618-621) million in 2013. Large between-country variations exist in mortality from leading causes among children and adolescents. Countries with rapid declines in all-cause mortality between 1990 and 2013 also experienced large declines in most leading causes of death, whereas countries with the slowest declines had stagnant or increasing trends in the leading causes of death. In 2013, Nigeria had a 12% global share of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections and a 38% global share of deaths from malaria. India had 33% of the world's deaths from neonatal encephalopathy. Half of the world's diarrheal deaths among children and adolescents occurred in just 5 countries: India, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Understanding the levels and trends of the leading causes of death and disability among children and adolescents is critical to guide investment and inform policies. Monitoring these trends over time is also key to understanding where interventions are having an impact. Proven interventions exist to prevent or treat the leading causes of unnecessary death and disability among children and adolescents. The findings presented here show that these are underused and give guidance to policy makers in countries where more attention is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hmwe H Kyu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Christine Pinho
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Joseph A Wagner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jonathan C Brown
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Fiona J Charlson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle2School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia3Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luc Edgar Coffeng
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle4Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lalit Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle5Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Holly E Erskine
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle2School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia3Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alize J Ferrari
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle2School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia3Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christina Fitzmaurice
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle6Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle7Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas D Fleming
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Nicholas Graetz
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Caterina Guinovart
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Juanita Haagsma
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle4Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hideki Higashi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Nicholas J Kassebaum
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle8Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Heidi J Larson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle9Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - Stephen S Lim
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle10Department of Community Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaun V Odell
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle12Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington13Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gregory A Roth
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Peter T Serina
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jeffrey D Stanaway
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Awoke Misganaw
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Harvey A Whiteford
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle2School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia3Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy M Wolock
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sarah Wulf Hanson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Semaw Ferede Abera
- Kilte Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Mekelle, Ethiopia16School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fadia S AlBuhairan
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia19King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmeraw T Amare
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands21College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia22Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Carl Abelardo T Antonio
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Lope H Barrero
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Corina Benjet
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Medical Center, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan30The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boris Bikbov
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia32Academician V. I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Brazinova
- International Neurotrama Research Organization, Vienna, Austria34Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Ismael Campos-Nonato
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico36School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela
- Colombian National Health Observatory, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia38Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, Public Health Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ferrán Catalá-López
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada40Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA/CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England43National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, S
| | - John A Crump
- Centre for International Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert P Dellavalle
- University of Colorado School of Medicine and the Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
| | - Samath D Dharmaratne
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Emerito Jose A Faraon
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines49Office for Technical Services, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Valery L Feigin
- National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Fürst
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Katherine B Gibney
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia55Melbourne Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Gunnell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia59Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Australia60Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Roderick J Hay
- International Foundation for Dermatology, London, England62King's College London, London, England
| | - John C Hornberger
- Cedar Associates, Menlo Park, California64Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | - Panniyammakal Jeemon
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India70Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany73Hannover-Braunschweig Site, German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Barthelemy Kuate Defo
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada78Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada79Public Health Research Institute, University of Montreal
| | | | - G Anil Kumar
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janet L Leasher
- Nova Southeastern University College of Optometry, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Ricky Leung
- State University of New York at Albany, Rensselaer
| | - Yongmei Li
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Steven E Lipshultz
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan86Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit
| | - Alan D Lopez
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Raimundas Lunevicius
- Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, England89School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | | | - Marek Majdan
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Yohannes Adama Melaku
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia94School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia95School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia97College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ted R Miller
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland100Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Charles N Mock
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Joseph Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Sandra Nolte
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany104Population Health Strategic Research Centre, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australi
| | - In-Hwan Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Katrina F Ortblad
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eun-Kee Park
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
| | | | - Scott B Patten
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - George C Patton
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Norberto Perico
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Frédéric B Piel
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Suzanne Polinder
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Svetlana Popova
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farshad Pourmalek
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Alex Quistberg
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle117Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Centro Anna Maria Astori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy119Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alina Rodriguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England121Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - David Rojas-Rueda
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - David H Rothstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York125Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo
| | - Juan Sanabria
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio127Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Itamar S Santos
- Internal Medicine Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amira Shaheen
- Department of Public Health, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland132School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ivy Shiue
- Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England134Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Karen Sliwa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa139South African Medical Research Council Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Timothy J Steiner
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, England141Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Jacob Stovner
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway142Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bryan L Sykes
- Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California, Irvine144Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine145Department of Public Health, University of California, Irvine
| | - Karen M Tabb
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign
| | - Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville148Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio149Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alan J Thomson
- Adaptive Knowledge Management, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew L Thorne-Lyman
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts152WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jeffrey Allen Towbin
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee154University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis155St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Stein Emil Vollset
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway161Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden163Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway164Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of H
| | - Robert G Weintraub
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia167Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia168Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Werdecker
- Competence Center Mortality Follow-up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - James D Wilkinson
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan86Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit
| | | | - Charles D A Wolfe
- Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, England172National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul Yip
- Social Work and Social Administration Department, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China175Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Seok-Jun Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China180Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
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349
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Carr VJ, Harris F, Raudino A, Luo L, Kariuki M, Liu E, Tzoumakis S, Smith M, Holbrook A, Bore M, Brinkman S, Lenroot R, Dix K, Dean K, Laurens KR, Green MJ. New South Wales Child Development Study (NSW-CDS): an Australian multiagency, multigenerational, longitudinal record linkage study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009023. [PMID: 26868941 PMCID: PMC4762073 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The initial aim of this multiagency, multigenerational record linkage study is to identify childhood profiles of developmental vulnerability and resilience, and to identify the determinants of these profiles. The eventual aim is to identify risk and protective factors for later childhood-onset and adolescent-onset mental health problems, and other adverse social outcomes, using subsequent waves of record linkage. The research will assist in informing the development of public policy and intervention guidelines to help prevent or mitigate adverse long-term health and social outcomes. PARTICIPANTS The study comprises a population cohort of 87,026 children in the Australian State of New South Wales (NSW). The cohort was defined by entry into the first year of full-time schooling in NSW in 2009, at which time class teachers completed the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) on each child (with 99.7% coverage in NSW). The AEDC data have been linked to the children's birth, health, school and child protection records for the period from birth to school entry, and to the health and criminal records of their parents, as well as mortality databases. FINDINGS TO DATE Descriptive data summarising sex, geographic and socioeconomic distributions, and linkage rates for the various administrative databases are presented. Child data are summarised, and the mental health and criminal records data of the children's parents are provided. FUTURE PLANS In 2015, at age 11 years, a self-report mental health survey was administered to the cohort in collaboration with government, independent and Catholic primary school sectors. A second record linkage, spanning birth to age 11 years, will be undertaken to link this survey data with the aforementioned administrative databases. This will enable a further identification of putative risk and protective factors for adverse mental health and other outcomes in adolescence, which can then be tested in subsequent record linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felicity Harris
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alessandra Raudino
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luming Luo
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maina Kariuki
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Enwu Liu
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stacy Tzoumakis
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maxwell Smith
- School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allyson Holbrook
- School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miles Bore
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally Brinkman
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Australia Institute for Social Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rhoshel Lenroot
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine Dix
- Principals Australia Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kimberlie Dean
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Justice Health & Forensic Mental Health Network, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristin R Laurens
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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350
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Polanczyk GV. Development of national capabilities in low and middle income countries for research in child mental health. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 25:123-5. [PMID: 26803839 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-016-0818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
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