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Perez-Cornago A, Sanchez-Villegas A, Bes-Rastrollo M, Gea A, Molero P, Lahortiga-Ramos F, Martínez-González MA. Intake of High-Fat Yogurt, but Not of Low-Fat Yogurt or Prebiotics, Is Related to Lower Risk of Depression in Women of the SUN Cohort Study. J Nutr 2016; 146:1731-9. [PMID: 27466606 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.233858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yogurt and prebiotic consumption has been linked to better health. However, to our knowledge, no longitudinal study has assessed the association of yogurt and prebiotic consumption with depression risk. OBJECTIVE We longitudinally evaluated the association of yogurt and prebiotic consumption with depression risk in a Mediterranean cohort. METHODS The SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) Project is a dynamic, prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates. A total of 14,539 men and women (mean age: 37 y) initially free of depression were assessed during a median follow-up period of 9.3 y. Validated food-frequency questionnaires at baseline and after a 10-y follow-up were used to assess prebiotic (fructans and galacto-oligosaccharide) intake and yogurt consumption (<0.5, ≥0.5 to <3, ≥3 to <7, and ≥7 servings/wk). Participants were classified as incident cases of depression when they reported a new clinical diagnosis of depression by a physician (previously validated). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs. RESULTS We identified 727 incident cases of depression during follow-up. Whole-fat yogurt intake was associated with reduced depression risk: HR for the highest [≥7 servings/wk (1 serving = 125 g)] compared with the lowest (<0.5 servings/wk) consumption: 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.98; P-trend = 0.020). When stratified by sex, this association was significant only in women (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.87; P-trend = 0.004). Low-fat yogurt consumption was associated with a higher incidence of depression (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.65; P-trend = 0.001), although this association lost significance after the exclusion of early incident cases, suggesting possible reverse causation bias. Prebiotic consumption was not significantly associated with depression risk. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that high consumption of whole-fat yogurt was related to a lower risk of depression in women of the SUN cohort. No association was observed for prebiotics. Further studies are needed to clarify why the yogurt-depression association may differ by fat content of the yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Almudena Sanchez-Villegas
- Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain; and
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain; and
| | - Patricio Molero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain; and Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisca Lahortiga-Ramos
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain; and Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain; and
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402
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Zarnowiecki D, Cho J, Wilson A, Bogomolova S, Villani A, Itsiopoulos C, Niyonsenga T, O’Dea K, Blunden S, Meyer B, Segal L, Parletta N. A 6-month randomised controlled trial investigating effects of Mediterranean-style diet and fish oil supplementation on dietary behaviour change, mental and cardiometabolic health and health-related quality of life in adults with depression (HELFIMED): study protocol. BMC Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-016-0095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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403
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Xia Y, Wang N, Yu B, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Wu H, Du H, Shi H, Guo X, Liu X, Li C, Han P, Dong R, Wang X, Bao X, Su Q, Gu Y, Fang L, Yu F, Yang H, Kang L, Ma Y, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Guo Q, Wu Y, Song K, Niu K. Dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms among Chinese adults: a case–control study with propensity score matching. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2577-2587. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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404
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Association between inflammatory potential of diet and risk of depression in middle-aged women: the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1077-86. [PMID: 27498949 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516002853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dietary factors and inflammation markers have been shown to play a role in the development of depression. However, there are very few studies that have explored the association between inflammatory potential of diet and risk of depression. In this study, we examined the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII), which was developed specifically to measure the inflammatory potential of diet, and risk of depression in the middle-aged cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. A total of 6438 women with a mean age of 52·0 (sd 1·4) years at baseline were followed-up at five surveys over 12 years (2001-2013). Depression was defined as a score of ≥10 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-10 scale. The DII score, a literature-derived, population-based dietary index that has been validated against several inflammatory markers, was computed on the basis of dietary intake assessed using a validated FFQ. Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate relative risk (RR) of depression according to DII score. Models were adjusted for energy intake, highest education completed, marital status, menopause status and symptoms, personal illness or injury, smoking status, physical activity, BMI and depression diagnosis or treatment. In total, 1156 women (18 %) had scores≥10 on the CESD scale over the course of 9 years. Women with the most anti-inflammatory diet had an approximately 20 % lower risk of developing depression compared with women with the most pro-inflammatory diet (RRDII quartile 1 v. 4: 0·81; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·96; P trend=0·03). These results suggest that an anti-inflammatory diet is associated with lower risk of depression in middle-aged Australian women.
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405
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Akbaraly T, Kerlau C, Wyart M, Chevallier N, Ndiaye L, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Kivimäki M. Dietary inflammatory index and recurrence of depressive symptoms: Results from the Whitehall II Study. Clin Psychol Sci 2016; 4:1125-1134. [PMID: 28070452 DOI: 10.1177/2167702616645777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in understanding the role of inflammation in diet-depression relationship. The present study examined whether the dietary inflammatory index (DII, a measure of the inflammatory potential of individuals' diets) is associated with recurrent depressive symptoms (DepS) (CES-D score>16 or taking antidepressants both at baseline and follow-up) assessed over 5 years in middle-aged men (n=3178) and women (n=1068) from the Whitehall II Study. For each increment of 1 SD of DII score, odds of recurrent DepS increased by 66% (95 % CI:1.30-2.12) in women while no significant association between DII and recurrent DepS was observed in men (OR=1.12, 95 % CI: 0.92-1.36). This association was little attenuated after adjustment for confounders and after taking into account levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. In conclusion, there is an association between pro-inflammatory diet and recurrent DepS in women which seems not be driven by circulating inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnime Akbaraly
- Inserm U 1198, Montpellier F-34000, France. University Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34000, France. EPHE, Paris, France; University College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clarisse Kerlau
- Inserm U 1198, Montpellier F-34000, France. University Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34000, France. EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Marilyn Wyart
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nîmes, France
| | - Nathalie Chevallier
- Inserm U 1198, Montpellier F-34000, France. University Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34000, France. EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Louise Ndiaye
- Inserm U 1198, Montpellier F-34000, France. University Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34000, France. EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- 4South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA; Connecting Health Innovations, Columbia, SC 29201 USA
| | - James R Hébert
- 4South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA; Connecting Health Innovations, Columbia, SC 29201 USA
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- University College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom
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406
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Role of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling in depression and dietary intake of glucoraphanin confers stress resilience in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30659. [PMID: 27470577 PMCID: PMC4965765 DOI: 10.1038/srep30659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Keap1-Nrf2 system plays a key role in inflammation which is involved in depression. We found lower expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 proteins in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus in mice with depression-like phenotype compared to control mice. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Nrf2 knock-out (KO) mice were higher than those of wild-type mice, suggestive of enhanced inflammation in KO mice. Decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin-receptor-kinase B (TrkB) signaling in the PFC, CA3 and DG plays a role in the depression-like phenotype of Nrf2 KO mice. TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, but not antagonist ANA-12, produced antidepressant effects in Nrf2 KO mice, by stimulating TrkB in the PFC, CA3 and DG. Pretreatment with Nrf2 activator sulforaphane (SFN) prevented the depression-like phenotype induced after repeated social defeat stress. Interestingly, dietary intake of 0.1% glucoraphanin (a precursor of SFN) containing food during juvenile and adolescent stages also prevented the depression-like phenotype evoked in adulthood, after repeated social defeat stress. These findings suggest that Keap1-Nrf2 system plays a key role in depression and that dietary intake of SFN-rich food during juvenile stages and adolescence can confer stress resilience in adulthood.
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407
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Plasma vitamin D status and recurrent depressive symptoms in the French SU.VI.MAX cohort. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2289-2298. [PMID: 27464883 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression is a major public health issue because it is a common cause of disability worldwide. It has been suggested that an optimal vitamin D status may be related to fewer depressive symptoms, but findings are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma vitamin D at midlife and recurrent depressive symptoms and to test for a modulating effect by overall dietary quality. METHODS The relationship between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and recurrent depressive symptoms was evaluated among 1196 participants of the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants cohort with available data on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) at baseline (1996-1997) and follow-up (2007-2009). Recurrent depressive symptoms were defined as a CES-D score ≥16 at baseline and follow-up. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 %-CI) were estimated using extensively adjusted Poisson regression models. Dietary quality was estimated using an index measuring adherence to the French national recommendations. RESULTS Having 25(OH)D concentrations above 10 ng/mL was related to a lower probability of recurrent depressive symptoms: PR (95 %-CI) = 0.48 (0.33; 0.69); P < 0.0001). When comparing individuals with concentrations < versus ≥20 or < versus ≥30 ng/mL, no significant results were obtained. In contrast, among individuals with low dietary quality, a better vitamin D status was related to a lower probability of recurrent depressive symptoms independently of the applied cutoff. CONCLUSIONS Plasma vitamin D might have a preventive role against recurrent depressive symptoms, notably among individuals with poor dietary quality. Our findings are relevant for the development of depression prevention programs.
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408
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Hypoglycemia Symptoms Improved with Diet Modification. Case Rep Psychiatry 2016; 2016:7165425. [PMID: 27493821 PMCID: PMC4963565 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7165425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational evidence suggests that a relationship may exist between high glycemic index diets and the development of anxiety and depression symptoms; however, as no interventional studies assessing this relationship in a psychiatric population have been completed, the possibility of a causal link is unclear. AB is a 15-year-old female who presented with concerns of generalized anxiety disorder and hypoglycemia symptoms. Her diet consisted primarily of refined carbohydrates. The addition of protein, fat, and fiber to her diet resulted in a substantial decrease in anxiety symptoms as well as a decrease in the frequency and severity of hypoglycemia symptoms. A brief return to her previous diet caused a return of her anxiety symptoms, followed by improvement when she restarted the prescribed diet. This case strengthens the hypothesis that dietary glycemic index may play a role in the pathogenesis or progression of mental illnesses such as generalized anxiety disorder and subsequently that dietary modification as a therapeutic intervention in the treatment of mental illness warrants further study.
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409
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McNamara RK. Mitigation of Inflammation-Induced Mood Dysregulation by Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 34 Suppl 1:48-55. [PMID: 26400435 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1080527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although evidence suggests that chronic elevations in immune-inflammatory signaling can precipitate mood symptoms in a subset of individuals, associated risk and resilience mechanisms remain poorly understood. Long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids, including eicosapentaenic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have anti-inflammatory and inflammation-resolving properties that maintain immune-inflammatory signaling homeostasis. Cross-sectional evidence suggests that the mood disorders major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are associated with low EPA and/or DHA biostatus, elevations in the LCn-6:LCn-3 fatty acid ratio, and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, cytokines, and acute-phase proteins. Medications that are effective for reducing depressive symptoms or stabilizing manic depressive oscillations may act in part by downregulating immune-inflammatory signaling and are augmented by anti-inflammatory medications. Recent prospective longitudinal evidence suggests that elevations in the LCn-6:LCn-3 fatty acid ratio are a modifiable risk factor for the development of mood symptoms, including depression and irritability, in response to immune-inflammatory signaling. Together these data suggest that increasing LCn-3 fatty acid intake and biostatus represents a feasible strategy to mitigate the negative impact of elevated immune-inflammatory signaling on mood stability. Key teaching points: • Long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and inflammation-resolving properties. • Major mood disorders are associated with both LCn-3 fatty acids deficiency and elevated immune-inflammatory signaling. • Prospective evidence suggests that low LCn-3 fatty acid biostatus increases risk for developing inflammation-induced mood dysregulation. • Taken collectively, this evidence suggests that increasing LCn-3 fatty acid intake and biostatus represents a promising strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of elevated immune-inflammatory signaling on mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , Ohio
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410
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Uemura M, Ohira T, Yasumura S, Otsuru A, Maeda M, Harigane M, Horikoshi N, Suzuki Y, Yabe H, Takahashi H, Nagai M, Nakano H, Zhang W, Hirosaki M, Abe M. Association between psychological distress and dietary intake among evacuees after the Great East Japan Earthquake in a cross-sectional study: the Fukushima Health Management Survey. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011534. [PMID: 27381210 PMCID: PMC4947756 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological distress is generally associated with poor dietary intake, but this has never been investigated among residents after a major disaster. We attempted to reveal the associations between dietary intake and non-specific mental health distress as well as traumatic symptoms among evacuees after the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis of 63 047 evacuees (27 901 men, 35 146 women) who responded to The Fukushima Health Management Survey in 2012, non-specific mental health distress was assessed using the Kessler-6 (K6) scale, while traumatic symptoms were evaluated using the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Stressor-Specific Version (PCL-S). The outcome was 'low frequency'-meaning a daily consumption in the 25th centile or less according to the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)-of 19 targeted food items. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs adjusted for demographic, lifestyle-related and disaster-related factors. RESULTS Of the participants, 14.7% suffered non-specific mental health distress, and 21.2% exhibited traumatic symptoms. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that the former were likely to have a low intake frequency of certain foods, such as rice and bread, fish, meat, vegetables or fruit (non-juice), soya bean products, milk, and yogurt or lactobacillus drinks; the latter were also likely to have a low intake frequency of certain foods, including rice and bread, fish, meat, vegetables (non-juice), milk and yogurt or lactobacillus drinks, but conversely consumed vegetable and fruit juices more often. These associations between dietary intake and non-specific mental health distress, as well as traumatic symptoms, were predominantly observed in women. CONCLUSIONS Psychological distress after the Great East Japan Earthquake among evacuees was associated with a low intake frequency of certain foods, and the association was predominantly observed in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Uemura
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Otsuru
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Harigane
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoko Horikoshi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuriko Suzuki
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masato Nagai
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hirosaki
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Abe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
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411
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Parletta N, Zarnowiecki D, Cho J, Wilson A, Procter N, Gordon A, Bogomolova S, O'Dea K, Strachan J, Ballestrin M, Champion A, Meyer BJ. People with schizophrenia and depression have a low omega-3 index. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 110:42-7. [PMID: 27255642 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is higher in people with mental illness and is associated with a 30 year higher mortality rate in this population. Erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plus eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (omega-3 index)≤4% is a marker for increased mortality risk from CVD while >8% is protective. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are also important for brain function and may ameliorate symptoms of mental illness. We investigated the erythrocyte omega-3 index in people with mental illness. One hundred and thirty adults aged 18-65 years (32.6% male) with schizophrenia (n=14) and depression (n=116) provided blood samples and completed physiological assessments and questionnaires. Both populations had risk factors for metabolic syndrome and CVD. The average omega-3 index was 3.95% (SD=1.06), compared to an estimated 5% in the Australian population. These data indicate an unfavourable omega-3 profile in people with mental illness that could contribute to higher CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Parletta
- Centre for Population Health Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Dorota Zarnowiecki
- Centre for Population Health Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Jihyun Cho
- Centre for Population Health Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Amy Wilson
- School of Business and Marketing, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Procter
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Andrea Gordon
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Svetlana Bogomolova
- School of Business and Marketing, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Kerin O'Dea
- Centre for Population Health Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - John Strachan
- Mental Health Directorate, Local Southern Adelaide Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Matt Ballestrin
- Mental Health Directorate, Local Southern Adelaide Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Andrew Champion
- Mental Health Directorate, Local Southern Adelaide Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Barbara J Meyer
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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412
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Beydoun MA, Fanelli-Kuczmarski MT, Shaked D, Dore GA, Beydoun HA, Rostant OS, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Alternative Pathway Analyses Indicate Bidirectional Relations between Depressive Symptoms, Diet Quality, and Central Adiposity in a Sample of Urban US Adults. J Nutr 2016; 146:1241-9. [PMID: 27146916 PMCID: PMC4877632 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.229054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporality between socioeconomic status (SES), depressive symptoms (DS), dietary quality (DQ), and central adiposity (CA) is underexplored. OBJECTIVES Alternative pathways linking SES to DQ, DS, and CA were tested and models compared, stratified by race and sex. METHODS With the use of data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (baseline age: 30-64 y; 2 visits; mean follow-up: 4.9 y), 12 structural equation models (SM) were conducted and compared. Time-dependent factors included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression [CES-D total score, baseline or visit 1 (v1), follow-up or visit 2 (v2), mean across visits (m), and annual rate of change (Δ)], 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) (same notation), and central adiposity principal components' analysis score of waist circumference and trunk fat (kg) (Adipcent) (same notation). Sample sizes were white women (WW, n = 236), white men (WM, n = 159), African American women (AAW, n = 395), and African American men (AAM, n = 274), and a multigroup analysis within the SM framework was also conducted. RESULTS In the best-fitting model, overall, ∼31% of the total effect of SES→Adipcent(v2) (α ± SE: -0.10 ± 0.03, P < 0.05) was mediated through a combination of CES-D(v1) and ΔHEI. Two dominant pathways contributed to the indirect effect: SES→(-)CES-D(v1)→(+)Adipcent(v2) (-0.015) and SES→(+) ΔHEI→(-)Adipcent(v2) (-0.017), with a total indirect effect of -0.031 (P < 0.05). In a second best-fitting model, SES independently predicted Adipcent(v1, -0.069), ΔHEI(+0.037) and CES-D(v2, -2.70) (P < 0.05), with Adipcent(v1) marginally predicting ΔHEI(-0.014) and CES-D(v2, +0.67) (P < 0.10). These findings were indicative of DS's and CA's marginally significant bidirectional association (P < 0.10). Although best-fit-selected models were consistent across race × sex categories, path coefficients differed significantly between groups. Specifically, SES→Adipcent[v1(+0.11), v2(+0.14)] was positive among AAM (P < 0.05), and the overall positive association of Adipcent(v1)→CES-D(v2) was specific to AAW (+0.97, P < 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Despite consistent model fit, pathways linking SES to DQ, DS, and CA differed markedly among the race × sex groups. Our findings can inform the potential effectiveness of various mental health and dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD;
| | | | - Danielle Shaked
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD;,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD; and
| | - Greg A Dore
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Ola S Rostant
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD
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413
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Hamidi MS, Boggild MK, Cheung AM. Running on empty: a review of nutrition and physicians' well-being. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:478-81. [PMID: 27215232 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resident and physician burnout is a complex issue. Adequate nutrition and hydration play important roles in the maintenance of health and well-being of all individuals. Given the high prevalence of burnout in physicians, we believe that in addition to issues related to heavy workload, structure and length of shifts, the current status of physicians' nutrition and hydration and their effects on their work performance and well-being should also be addressed. In this review, we summarise the current evidence on the potential effects of nutrition and hydration on physicians' occupational well-being and performance, identify gaps and discuss opportunities to address nutrition as one of the important means of improving physicians' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miranda K Boggild
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela M Cheung
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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414
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Wall CR, Gammon CS, Bandara DK, Grant CC, Atatoa Carr PE, Morton SMB. Dietary Patterns in Pregnancy in New Zealand-Influence of Maternal Socio-Demographic, Health and Lifestyle Factors. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050300. [PMID: 27213438 PMCID: PMC4882712 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration of dietary pattern associations within a multi-ethnic society context has been limited. We aimed to describe dietary patterns of 5664 pregnant women from the Growing Up in New Zealand study, and investigate associations between these patterns and maternal socio-demographic, place of birth, health and lifestyle factors. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire prior to the birth of their child. Principal components analysis was used to extract dietary patterns and multivariable analyses used to determine associations. Four dietary components were extracted. Higher scores on, ‘Junk’ and ‘Traditional/White bread’, were associated with decreasing age, lower educational levels, being of Pacific or Māori ethnicity and smoking. Higher scores on, ‘Health conscious’ and ‘Fusion/Protein’, were associated with increasing age, better self-rated health, lower pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and not smoking. Higher scores on ‘Junk’ and ‘Health conscious’ were associated with being born in New Zealand (NZ), whereas higher scores on ‘Fusion/Protein’ was associated with being born outside NZ and being of non-European ethnicity, particularly Asian. High scores on the ‘Health conscious’ dietary pattern showed the highest odds of adherence to the pregnancy dietary guidelines. In this cohort of pregnant women different dietary patterns were associated with migration, ethnicity, socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviors and adherence to dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare R Wall
- Centre for Longitudinal Research-He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand.
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand.
| | - Cheryl S Gammon
- Centre for Longitudinal Research-He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand.
| | - Dinusha K Bandara
- Centre for Longitudinal Research-He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand.
| | - Cameron C Grant
- Centre for Longitudinal Research-He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand.
- Department of Paediatrics, Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand.
- Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland 1148, New Zealand.
| | - Polly E Atatoa Carr
- Centre for Longitudinal Research-He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand.
- Child Health, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton 3204, New Zealand.
| | - Susan M B Morton
- Centre for Longitudinal Research-He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand.
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415
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Adherence to Alternative Healthy Eating Index in relation to depression and anxiety in Iranian adults. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:335-42. [PMID: 27188471 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown a protective association between adherence to healthy eating guidelines and mental disorders in Western nations; however, data in this regard are limited from the understudied region of Middle East. We examined the association between adherence to healthy eating guidelines, as measured by Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, and prevalence of anxiety and depression in a large sample of Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, data on dietary intakes of 3363 adult participants were collected using a validated dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative FFQ. Adherence to healthy eating was quantified using AHEI-2010, as suggested by earlier publications. The Iranian validated version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression in study participants. Data on other covariates were gathered using a pre-tested questionnaire. Overall, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 15·2 % (males 10·8 % and females 18·3 %) and 30·0 % (males 22·9 % and females 35·1 %), respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, those in the top quartile of AHEI-2010 had a 49 % lower chance of anxiety (OR 0·51; 95 % CI 0·35, 0·72) and a 45 % lower odds of depression (OR 0·55; 95 % CI 0·42, 0·72), compared with those in the bottom quartile. Stratified analysis by sex revealed that women in the highest categories of AHEI-2010 had a 49 % lower odds of having anxiety and depression, after adjustment for confounders, but no significant association was found in men. In addition, among individuals who were 40 years old or younger, those with high adherence to AHEI-2010 were 58 and 51 % less likely to have anxiety and depression, compared with those with less adherence. Adherence to healthy eating was inversely associated with a lower chance of anxiety and depression in Iranian adults. Prospective studies are required to confirm these associations in Middle-Eastern populations.
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416
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McNamara RK. Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Etiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Depression: Current Status and Future Directions. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016; 5:96-106. [PMID: 27766299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades a body of translational evidence has implicated dietary deficiency in long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids, including eicosapenaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the pathophysiology and etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Cross-national and cross-sectional data suggest that greater habitual intake of preformed EPA+DHA is associated with reduced risk for developing depressive symptoms and syndromal MDD. Erythrocyte EPA and DHA composition is highly correlated with habitual fish or fish oil intake, and case-control studies have consistently observed lower erythrocyte EPA and/or DHA levels in patients with MDD. Low erythrocyte EPA+DHA composition may also be associated with increased risk for suicide and cardiovascular disease, two primary causes of excess premature mortality in MDD. While controversial, dietary EPA+DHA supplementation may have antidepressant properties and may augment the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant medications. Neuroimaging and rodent neurodevelopmental studies further suggest that low LCn-3 fatty acid intake or biostatus can recapitulate central pathophysiological features associated with MDD. Prospective findings suggest that low LCn-3 fatty acid biostatus increases risk for depressive symptoms in part by augmenting pro-inflammatory responsivity. When taken collectively, these translational findings provide a strong empirical foundation in support of dietary LCn-3 fatty acid deficiency as a modifiable risk factor for MDD. This review provides an overview of this translational evidence and then discusses future directions including strategies to translate this evidence into routine clinical screening and treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219-0516
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417
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Martin K, Woo J, Timmins V, Collins J, Islam A, Newton D, Goldstein BI. Binge eating and emotional eating behaviors among adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 195:88-95. [PMID: 26890288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates nutritional behavior among adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder (BP) in comparison to those without history of major psychiatric disorder. METHODS 131 participants (82 BP, 49 controls) with a mean age of 16.11 ± 1.61 years were included. The self-reported Quick Weight, Activity, Variety & Excess (WAVE) Screener was used to assess dietary habits, yielding a total nutritional score as well as Excess, Variety, and Household Food Insecurity subscale scores. Specifically, the Variety subscale was used to measure daily consumption of essential nutrients; the Excess subscale measured unhealthy eating behaviors such as binge eating and excessive intake of fat and sugar; and the Household Food Insecurity subscale was used to detect food insecurity. Within-group analysis was conducted on participants with BP to identify correlates of unhealthy diet. RESULTS BP participants scored significantly lower than controls on the WAVE (t=2.62, p=0.010), specifically the Excess subscale (t=3.26, p=0.001). This was related to higher prevalence of binge eating and emotional eating behaviors among participants with BP compared to controls. Within-group analyses showed that self-reported emotional dysregulation/impulsivity was associated with maladaptive nutritional behaviors (t=3.38, p=0.035). LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design. Within-group analyses were underpowered. Diet quality was measured using a brief self-report screener. CONCLUSION Adolescents and young adults with BP have poorer nutritional behaviors compared to controls, and this difference is related to stress-induced eating. This demonstrates the need to screen for stress-induced eating and to intervene when needed in order to optimize nutritional behaviors among adolescents and young adults with BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Martin
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4N 3M5
| | - Julia Woo
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4N 3M5
| | - Vanessa Timmins
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4N 3M5
| | - Jordan Collins
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4N 3M5
| | - Alvi Islam
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4N 3M5
| | - Dwight Newton
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4N 3M5
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4N 3M5.
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418
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Dash SR, O'Neil A, Jacka FN. Diet and Common Mental Disorders: The Imperative to Translate Evidence into Action. Front Public Health 2016; 4:81. [PMID: 27200334 PMCID: PMC4850164 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Dash
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, VIC , Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia; Alfred Hospital, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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419
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Dietary Patterns and Depression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: State of the Evidence. Curr Nutr Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-016-0158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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420
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Chen D, Jaenicke EC, Volpe RJ. Food Environments and Obesity: Household Diet Expenditure Versus Food Deserts. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:881-8. [PMID: 26985622 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between obesity and multiple aspects of the food environments, at home and in the neighborhood. METHODS Our study included 38,650 individuals nested in 18,381 households located in 2104 US counties. Our novel home food environment measure, USDAScore, evaluated the adherence of a household's monthly expenditure shares of 24 aggregated food categories to the recommended values based on US Department of Agriculture food plans. The US Census Bureau's County Business Patterns (2008), the detailed food purchase information in the IRi Consumer Panel scanner data (2008-2012), and its associated MedProfiler data set (2012) constituted the main sources for neighborhood-, household-, and individual-level data, respectively. RESULTS After we controlled for a number of confounders at the individual, household, and neighborhood levels, USDAScore was negatively linked with obesity status, and a census tract-level indicator of food desert status was positively associated with obesity status. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood food environment factors, such as food desert status, were associated with obesity status even after we controlled for home food environment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Chen
- Danhong Chen is with the Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Edward C. Jaenicke is with the Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park. Richard J. Volpe is with the Agribusiness Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
| | - Edward C Jaenicke
- Danhong Chen is with the Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Edward C. Jaenicke is with the Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park. Richard J. Volpe is with the Agribusiness Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
| | - Richard J Volpe
- Danhong Chen is with the Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Edward C. Jaenicke is with the Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park. Richard J. Volpe is with the Agribusiness Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
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421
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Opie R, Itsiopoulos C, Parletta N, Sanchez-Villegas A, Akbaraly T, Ruusunen A, Jacka F. Dietary recommendations for the prevention of depression. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:161-171. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.S. Opie
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
| | - C. Itsiopoulos
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
| | - N. Parletta
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
- Sansom Institute of Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A. Sanchez-Villegas
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
- Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - T.N. Akbaraly
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
- Inserm U 1198, Montpellier F-34000, France
- University Montpellier, France
- EPHE, Paris, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - A. Ruusunen
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - F.N. Jacka
- International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR), Melbourne, Australia
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
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422
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Abstract
As with physical conditions, bipolar disorder is likely to be impacted by diet and nutrition. Patients with bipolar disorder have been noted to have relatively unhealthy diets, which may in part be the reason they also have an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome and obesity. An improvement in the quality of the diet should improve a bipolar patient's overall health risk profile, but it may also improve their psychiatric outcomes. New insights into biological dysfunctions that may be present in bipolar disorder have presented new theoretic frameworks for understanding the relationship between diet and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Beyer
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 3519 DUMC, Room 4082B, Yellow Zone, Duke South Clinics, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Martha E Payne
- Office of Research Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Davison Building/Green Zone, Suite 410, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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423
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Black CN, Penninx BWJH, Bot M, Odegaard AO, Gross MD, Matthews KA, Jacobs DR. Oxidative stress, anti-oxidants and the cross-sectional and longitudinal association with depressive symptoms: results from the CARDIA study. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e743. [PMID: 26905415 PMCID: PMC4872434 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression may be accompanied by increased oxidative stress and decreased circulating anti-oxidants. This study examines the association between depressive symptoms, F2-isoprostanes and carotenoids in a US community sample. The study includes 3009 participants (mean age 40.3, 54.2% female) from CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults). Cross-sectional analyses were performed on data from the year 15 examination (2000-2001) including subjects whose depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and had measurements of plasma F2-isoprostanes (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) or serum carotenoids (high-performance liquid chromatography). Carotenoids zeaxanthin/lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene were standardized and summed. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using the data from other examinations at 5-year intervals. Cross-lagged analyses investigated whether CES-D predicted F2-isoprostanes or carotenoids at the following exam, and vice versa. Regression analyses were controlled for sociodemographics, health and lifestyle factors. F2-isoprostanes were higher in subjects with depressive symptoms (CES-D ⩾ 16) after adjustment for sociodemographics (55.7 vs 52.0 pg ml(-1); Cohen's d = 0.14, P < 0.001). There was no difference in F2-isoprostanes after further adjustment for health and lifestyle factors. Carotenoids were lower in those with CES-D scores ⩾ 16, even after adjustment for health and lifestyle factors (standardized sum 238.7 vs 244.0, Cohen's d = -0.16, P < 0.001). Longitudinal analyses confirmed that depression predicts subsequent F2-isoprostane and carotenoid levels. Neither F2-isoprostanes nor carotenoids predicted subsequent depression. In conclusion, depressive symptoms were cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with increased F2-isoprostanes and decreased carotenoids. The association with F2-isoprostanes can largely be explained by lifestyle factors, but lower carotenoids were independently associated with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Black
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A O Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M D Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - K A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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424
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Abstract
An emerging field of research in nutritional epidemiology is the assessment of several links between nutritional quality and mental health. Specifically, some studies have pointed out that several food patterns could be associated with a reduced risk of depression among adults. This association seems to be consistent across countries, cultures and populations according to several systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. Some previously described food patterns, specifically the Mediterranean Food Pattern, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, the Prudent diet or the Provegetarian Food Pattern may be effective to reduce the future risk of depression. Among them, only the Mediterranean Food Pattern has been tested for primary prevention in a large randomised trial, but the inverse association found was not statistically significant. The scientific report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee concluded that current evidence is still limited. Notwithstanding, this field is promising and, according to large and well-conducted observational studies, food patterns potentially associated with reduced risk of depression are those emphasising seafood, vegetables, fruits and nuts. There is a need to assess whether differences in the intake of some micro or macronutrients between these dietary patterns can make a difference in their association with a lower risk of depression. Moreover, the shape of the dose-response curve and the potential existence of a nonlinear threshold effect have not yet been established.
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425
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Hryhorczuk C, Florea M, Rodaros D, Poirier I, Daneault C, Des Rosiers C, Arvanitogiannis A, Alquier T, Fulton S. Dampened Mesolimbic Dopamine Function and Signaling by Saturated but not Monounsaturated Dietary Lipids. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:811-21. [PMID: 26171719 PMCID: PMC4707827 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Overconsumption of dietary fat is increasingly linked with motivational and emotional impairments. Human and animal studies demonstrate associations between obesity and blunted reward function at the behavioral and neural level, but it is unclear to what degree such changes are a consequence of an obese state and whether they are contingent on dietary lipid class. We sought to determine the impact of prolonged ad libitum intake of diets rich in saturated or monounsaturated fat, separate from metabolic signals associated with increased adiposity, on dopamine (DA)-dependent behaviors and to identify pertinent signaling changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Male rats fed a saturated (palm oil), but not an isocaloric monounsaturated (olive oil), high-fat diet exhibited decreased sensitivity to the rewarding (place preference) and locomotor-sensitizing effects of amphetamine as compared with low-fat diet controls. Blunted amphetamine action by saturated high-fat feeding was entirely independent of caloric intake, weight gain, and plasma levels of leptin, insulin, and glucose and was accompanied by biochemical and behavioral evidence of reduced D1R signaling in the NAc. Saturated high-fat feeding was also tied to protein markers of increased AMPA receptor-mediated plasticity and decreased DA transporter expression in the NAc but not to alterations in DA turnover and biosynthesis. Collectively, the results suggest that intake of saturated lipids can suppress DA signaling apart from increases in body weight and adiposity-related signals known to affect mesolimbic DA function, in part by diminishing D1 receptor signaling, and that equivalent intake of monounsaturated dietary fat protects against such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Hryhorczuk
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Florea
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Demetra Rodaros
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Poirier
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Thierry Alquier
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fulton
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada,Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Office 8-428, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada, Tel: +1 514 890 8000, ex 23602, E-mail:
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426
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Longitudinal diet quality is not associated with depressive symptoms in a cohort of middle-aged Australian women. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:842-50. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451500519x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThere is increasing evidence for the role of nutrition in the prevention of depression. This study aims to describe changes in diet quality over 12 years among participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health in relation to changes in depressive symptoms. Women born between 1946 and 1951 were followed-up for 12 years (2001–2013). Dietary intake was assessed using the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies (version 2) in 2001, 2007 and every 2–3 years after that until 2013. Diet quality was summarised using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). Depressive symptoms were measured using the ten-item Centre for Epidemiologic Depression Scale at every 2–3-year intervals during 2001–2013. Linear mixed models were used to examine trends in diet quality and its sub-components. The same model including time-varying covariates was used to examine associations between diet quality and depressive symptoms adjusting for confounders. Sensitivity analyses were carried out using the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) index to assess diet quality. Minimal changes in overall diet quality and its sub-components over 12 years were observed. There was a significant association between baseline diet quality and depression (β=−0·24, P=0·001), but this was lost when time-varying covariates were added (β=−0·04, P=0·10). Sensitivity analyses showed similar performance for both ARFS and MDP in predicting depressive symptoms. In conclusion, initial associations seen when using baseline measures of diet quality and depressive symptoms disappear when using methods that handle time-varying covariates, suggesting that previous studies indicating a relationship between diet and depression may have been affected by residual confounding.
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427
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Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A, Hassanzadeh Keshteli A, Reza Roohafza H, Afshar H, Feizi A, Adibi P. Combined Healthy Lifestyle Is Inversely Associated with Psychological Disorders among Adults. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146888. [PMID: 26771311 PMCID: PMC4714833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Joint association of lifestyle-related factors and mental health has been less studied in earlier studies, especially in Middle Eastern countries. This study aimed to examine how combinations of several lifestyle-related factors related to depression and anxiety in a large group of middle-age Iranian population. METHODS In a cross-sectional study on 3363 Iranian adults, a healthy lifestyle score was constructed by the use of data from dietary intakes, physical activity, smoking status, psychological distress and obesity. A dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and other pre-tested questionnaires were used to assess the components of healthy lifestyle score. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was applied to screen for anxiety and depression. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that individuals with the highest score of healthy lifestyle were 95% less likely to be anxious (OR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01-0.27) and 96% less likely to be depressed (OR: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01-0.15), compared with those with the lowest score. In addition, non-smokers had lower odds of anxiety (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.88) and depression (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.48-0.81) compared with smokers. Individuals with low levels of psychological distress had expectedly lower odds of anxiety (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.10-0.16) and depression (OR: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.08-0.12) than those with high levels. Individuals with a healthy diet had 29% lower odds of depression (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) than those with a non-healthy diet. CONCLUSION We found evidence indicating that healthy lifestyle score was associated with lower odds of anxiety and depression in this group of Iranian adults. Healthy diet, psychological distress, and smoking status were independent predictors of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvane Saneei
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Roohafza
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Afshar
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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428
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Ecological correlations of dietary food intake and mental health disorders. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2016; 7:81-89. [PMID: 28003094 PMCID: PMC6178813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examines the ecological association of dietary food intake with mental health outcomes on the group level across countries. Published data from the World Mental Health Survey were used to compare lifetime prevalence of four categories of mental health disorders (anxiety disorders, mood disorders, impulse control disorders, and substance use disorders) with a country’s fish/seafood and sugar/sweetener supply quantity using the Spearman rank correlation. Data were compared for 17 countries across the world. Sugar and sweetener supply quantity was significantly and positively associated with anxiety disorders (rho = 0.75, p = 0.001), mood disorders (rho = 0.75, p = 0.001), impulse control disorders (rho = 0.78, p = 0.001), and substance use disorders (rho = 0.68, p = 0.007). Fish and seafood supply quantity had no significant association with any mental health disorders. Mental health disorders represent a significant health problem around the world. Public health measures aimed at improving the quality and availability of a nation’s food supply could have a significant positive impact on mental health. Further randomized studies are needed to further validate the study findings.
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429
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Miki T, Eguchi M, Kurotani K, Kochi T, Kuwahara K, Ito R, Kimura Y, Tsuruoka H, Akter S, Kashino I, Kabe I, Kawakami N, Mizoue T. Dietary fiber intake and depressive symptoms in Japanese employees: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study. Nutrition 2015; 32:584-9. [PMID: 26810963 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary fiber may play a favorable role in mood through gut microbiota, but epidemiologic evidence linking mood to dietary fiber intake is scarce in free-living populations. We investigated cross-sectionally the associations of dietary intakes of total, soluble, insoluble, and sources of fiber with depressive symptoms among Japanese workers. METHODS Participants were 1977 employees ages 19-69 y. Dietary intake was assessed via a validated, brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of depressive symptoms adjusted for a range of dietary and non-dietary potential confounders. RESULTS Dietary fiber intake from vegetables and fruits was significantly inversely associated with depressive symptoms. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the lowest through the highest tertile of vegetable and fruit fiber were 1.00 (reference), 0.80 (0.60-1.05), and 0.65 (0.45-0.95), respectively (P for trend = 0.03). Dietary intake of total, soluble, insoluble, and cereal fiber was not associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Higher dietary fiber intake from vegetables and fruits may be associated with lower likelihood of having depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Miki
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Eguchi
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kochi
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Ito
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumi Kimura
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsuruoka
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Kashino
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isamu Kabe
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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430
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Milte CM, McNaughton SA. Dietary patterns and successful ageing: a systematic review. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:423-450. [PMID: 26695408 PMCID: PMC4767865 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nutrition is a key determinant of chronic disease in later life. A systematic review was conducted of studies examining dietary patterns and quality of life, physical function, cognitive function and mental health among older adults. METHODS Literature searches in MEDLINE complete, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, Ageline, Global health, PsycINFO, SCOPUS and EMBASE and hand searching from 1980 up to December 2014 yielded 1236 results. Inclusion criteria included dietary pattern assessment via dietary indices or statistical approaches, a sample of community-dwelling adults aged 45 years and over at baseline and a cross-sectional or longitudinal study design. Exclusion criteria included a single 24-h recall of diet, evaluation of single foods or nutrients, clinical or institutionalised samples and intervention studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the six-item Effective Public Health Practice Project's Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. RESULTS There were 34 articles (11 cross-sectional and 23 longitudinal) included with 23 studies examining dietary indices and 13 studies using empirical analysis. Most studies examined mental health (n = 10) or cognitive function (n = 18), with fewer studies examining quality of life (n = 6) and physical function (n = 8). Although dietary pattern and outcome assessment methods varied, most studies reported positive associations between a healthier diet and better health outcomes. CONCLUSION Overall, the number of studies using dietary patterns to investigate diet and successful ageing is small, and further investigation in longitudinal studies is needed, particularly for quality-of-life outcomes. This review provides support for the importance of a healthy diet for the ageing population globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Milte
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Sarah A McNaughton
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia
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431
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McNamara RK, Jandacek R, Tso P, Blom TJ, Welge JA, Strawn JR, Adler CM, DelBello MP, Strakowski SM. First-episode bipolar disorder is associated with erythrocyte membrane docosahexaenoic acid deficits: Dissociation from clinical response to lithium or quetiapine. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:447-53. [PMID: 26477955 PMCID: PMC4655201 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may be associated with the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. However, LCn-3 fatty acid status at the initial onset of mania and its association with treatment response are not known. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition was determined in first-episode bipolar manic or mixed (n=40) and healthy (n=40) subjects. Mood symptom ratings were obtained with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Erythrocyte fatty acid composition and clinical ratings were also determined within a sub-group of bipolar subjects following 8-week (n=19) or 52-week (n=11) open-label treatment with lithium or quetiapine. At baseline bipolar subjects exhibited significantly lower erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) composition compared with healthy subjects (-23%, p<0.0001). EPA (20:5n-3) and docosapentanoic acid (22:5n-3), and LCn-6 fatty acids including arachidonic acid were not different. Following 8- or 52-week treatment with lithium or quetiapine, YMRS and HDRS total scores decreased significantly whereas erythrocyte fatty acids including DHA did not change. These data indicate that selective erythrocyte DHA deficits coincide with the initial onset of manic symptoms, and reductions in mood symptoms following treatment are not mediated by changes in fatty acid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Ronald Jandacek
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45237, USA
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45237, USA
| | - Thomas J Blom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Welge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Caleb M Adler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Stephen M Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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432
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Malhi GS, Bassett D, Boyce P, Bryant R, Fitzgerald PB, Fritz K, Hopwood M, Lyndon B, Mulder R, Murray G, Porter R, Singh AB. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2015; 49:1087-206. [PMID: 26643054 DOI: 10.1177/0004867415617657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide guidance for the management of mood disorders, based on scientific evidence supplemented by expert clinical consensus and formulate recommendations to maximise clinical salience and utility. METHODS Articles and information sourced from search engines including PubMed and EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar were supplemented by literature known to the mood disorders committee (MDC) (e.g., books, book chapters and government reports) and from published depression and bipolar disorder guidelines. Information was reviewed and discussed by members of the MDC and findings were then formulated into consensus-based recommendations and clinical guidance. The guidelines were subjected to rigorous successive consultation and external review involving: expert and clinical advisors, the public, key stakeholders, professional bodies and specialist groups with interest in mood disorders. RESULTS The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders (Mood Disorders CPG) provide up-to-date guidance and advice regarding the management of mood disorders that is informed by evidence and clinical experience. The Mood Disorders CPG is intended for clinical use by psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians and others with an interest in mental health care. CONCLUSIONS The Mood Disorder CPG is the first Clinical Practice Guideline to address both depressive and bipolar disorders. It provides up-to-date recommendations and guidance within an evidence-based framework, supplemented by expert clinical consensus. MOOD DISORDERS COMMITTEE Professor Gin Malhi (Chair), Professor Darryl Bassett, Professor Philip Boyce, Professor Richard Bryant, Professor Paul Fitzgerald, Dr Kristina Fritz, Professor Malcolm Hopwood, Dr Bill Lyndon, Professor Roger Mulder, Professor Greg Murray, Professor Richard Porter and Associate Professor Ajeet Singh. INTERNATIONAL EXPERT ADVISORS Professor Carlo Altamura, Dr Francesco Colom, Professor Mark George, Professor Guy Goodwin, Professor Roger McIntyre, Dr Roger Ng, Professor John O'Brien, Professor Harold Sackeim, Professor Jan Scott, Dr Nobuhiro Sugiyama, Professor Eduard Vieta, Professor Lakshmi Yatham. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND EXPERT ADVISORS Professor Marie-Paule Austin, Professor Michael Berk, Dr Yulisha Byrow, Professor Helen Christensen, Dr Nick De Felice, A/Professor Seetal Dodd, A/Professor Megan Galbally, Dr Josh Geffen, Professor Philip Hazell, A/Professor David Horgan, A/Professor Felice Jacka, Professor Gordon Johnson, Professor Anthony Jorm, Dr Jon-Paul Khoo, Professor Jayashri Kulkarni, Dr Cameron Lacey, Dr Noeline Latt, Professor Florence Levy, A/Professor Andrew Lewis, Professor Colleen Loo, Dr Thomas Mayze, Dr Linton Meagher, Professor Philip Mitchell, Professor Daniel O'Connor, Dr Nick O'Connor, Dr Tim Outhred, Dr Mark Rowe, Dr Narelle Shadbolt, Dr Martien Snellen, Professor John Tiller, Dr Bill Watkins, Dr Raymond Wu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gin S Malhi
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia CADE Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl Bassett
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Philip Boyce
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristina Fritz
- CADE Clinic, Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School - Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Malcolm Hopwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bill Lyndon
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Mood Disorders Unit, Northside Clinic, Greenwich, NSW, Australia ECT Services Northside Group Hospitals, Greenwich, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger Mulder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Greg Murray
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ajeet B Singh
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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433
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Lai JS, Oldmeadow C, Hure AJ, McEvoy M, Hiles SA, Boyle M, Attia J. Inflammation mediates the association between fatty acid intake and depression in older men and women. Nutr Res 2015; 36:234-45. [PMID: 26923510 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants and fatty acids are associated with depression and inflammation, and inflammation appears to predict depression risk; hence, the associations between these nutrients and depression may be mediated by inflammation. We hypothesized that inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) mediate the associations between antioxidant and fatty acid intakes, and depression. Participants were from the Hunter Community Study, a longitudinal cohort of adults aged 55-85 years. Dietary intake was assessed using the Older Australian's Food Frequency Questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were drawn for analysis of nutrient and inflammatory biomarkers. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. Linear mixed models were used to investigate longitudinal associations between dietary intakes and depression, and mediation analyses were carried out to determine if IL-6 and/or CRP were the mediators. Analyses were conducted on men and women separately and adjusted for potential confounders. Fruit and monounsaturated fat intakes were negatively associated with depression, whereas total fat and saturated fat intakes were positively associated with depression in both sexes. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fat was inversely associated with depression in men only. IL-6 was a significant mediator of the association between fruits with low carotenoid content and depression in women. CRP significantly mediated the relationship between total fat, saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat intakes and depression in women, and saturated fat intake and depression in men. Our findings raise the possibility that the association between fatty acid intake and depression is partially mediated by inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun S Lai
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | | | - Alexis J Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Mark McEvoy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Sarah A Hiles
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1070BB, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Boyle
- Division of Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Division of Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
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434
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Grosso G, Micek A, Castellano S, Pajak A, Galvano F. Coffee, tea, caffeine and risk of depression: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:223-34. [PMID: 26518745 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of the study was to systematically review and analyze results from observational studies on coffee, caffeine, and tea consumption and association or risk of depression. METHODS AND RESULTS Embase and PubMed databases were searched from inception to June 2015 for observational studies reporting the odds ratios or relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of depression by coffee/tea/caffeine consumption. Random effects models, subgroup analyses, and dose-response analyses were performed. Twelve studies with 23 datasets were included in the meta-analysis, accounting for a total of 346 913 individuals and 8146 cases of depression. Compared to individuals with lower coffee consumption, those with higher intakes had pooled RR of depression of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.91). Dose-response effect suggests a nonlinear J-shaped relation between coffee consumption and risk of depression with a peak of protective effect for 400 mL/day. A borderline nonsignificant association between tea consumption and risk of depression was found (RR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.01), while significant results were found only for analysis of prospective studies regarding caffeine consumption (RR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.93). CONCLUSION This study suggests a protective effect of coffee and, partially, of tea and caffeine on risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Catania, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andzrej Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Abstract
Depression and inflammation fuel one another. Inflammation plays a key role in depression's pathogenesis for a subset of depressed individuals; depression also primes larger cytokine responses to stressors and pathogens that do not appear to habituate. Accordingly, treatment decisions may be informed by attention to questions of how (pathways) and for whom (predispositions) these links exist, which are the focus of this article. When combined with predisposing factors (moderators such as childhood adversity and obesity), stressors and pathogens can lead to exaggerated or prolonged inflammatory responses. The resulting sickness behaviors (e.g., pain, disturbed sleep), depressive symptoms, and negative health behaviors (e.g., poor diet, a sedentary lifestyle) may act as mediating pathways that lead to further, unrestrained inflammation and depression. Depression, childhood adversity, stressors, and diet can all influence the gut microbiome and promote intestinal permeability, another pathway to enhanced inflammatory responses. Larger, more frequent, or more prolonged inflammatory responses could have negative mental and physical health consequences. In clinical practice, inflammation provides a guide to potential targets for symptom management by signaling responsiveness to certain therapeutic strategies. For example, a theme across research with cytokine antagonists, omega-3 fatty acids, celecoxib, and exercise is that anti-inflammatory interventions have a substantially greater impact on mood in individuals with heightened inflammation. Thus, when inflammation and depression co-occur, treating them in tandem may enhance recovery and reduce the risk of recurrence. The bidirectional links between depression, inflammation, and disease suggest that effective depression treatments could have a far-reaching impact on mood, inflammation, and health.
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436
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Adherence to the DASH diet in relation to psychological profile of Iranian adults. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:309-320. [PMID: 26520851 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although empirically derived dietary patterns have been examined in relation to depression, limited data are available linking theory-based dietary patterns and psychological health. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association between adherence to DASH-style diet and psychological health among Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done among 3846 general public adults in Isfahan, Iran. Dietary assessment was conducted using a validated 106-item dish-based semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. To investigate participants' adherence to DASH-style diet, we created DASH score based on earlier publications focusing on eight components (fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, dairy products, grains, sweetened beverages and sweets, sodium, and red and processed meats). Participants were classified into three categories based on their DASH score [low (≤40), moderate (41-50), and high adherence (≥51)]. This categorization, instead of distribution-based classification, was used due to low adherence to the DASH dietary pattern in the study population. Psychological health was examined by means of validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaire. Depression, anxiety, and psychological distress were defined based on standard criteria. RESULTS We found that moderate adherence to DASH-style diet was associated with lower odds of depression (OR 0.73; 95 % CI 0.59-0.90, P trend = 0.63) compared with those with the lowest adherence. In our stratified analyses, these associations remained significant for women (0.70; 0.54-0.91) and for normal-weight participants (0.70; 0.52-0.92). Moreover, after controlling for potential confounders, an inverse association was observed between high adherence to DASH-style diet and anxiety in normal-weight participants (0.61; 0.37-0.98). Such associations were also seen between moderate adherence to DASH-eating style and anxiety in overweight or obese individuals (0.63; 0.42-0.95). We failed to find any significant association between consumption of DASH-style diet and psychological distress. CONCLUSION We found an inverse association between moderate adherence to DASH dietary pattern and depression. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
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437
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Lai JS, Hure AJ, Oldmeadow C, McEvoy M, Byles J, Attia J. Prospective study on the association between diet quality and depression in mid-aged women over 9 years. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:273-281. [PMID: 26475141 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the longitudinal association between diet quality and depression using prospective data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. METHODS Women born in 1946-1951 (n = 7877) were followed over 9 years starting from 2001. Dietary intake was assessed using the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies (version 2) in 2001 and a shortened form in 2007 and 2010. Diet quality was summarised using the Australian Recommended Food Score. Depression was measured using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Depression Scale and self-reported physician diagnosis. Pooled logistic regression models including time-varying covariates were used to examine associations between diet quality tertiles and depression. Women were also categorised based on changes in diet quality during 2001-2007. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS The highest tertile of diet quality was associated marginally with lower odds of depression (OR 0.94; 95 % CI 0.83, 1.00; P = 0.049) although no significant linear trend was observed across tertiles (OR 1.00; 95 % CI 0.94, 1.10; P = 0.48). Women who maintained a moderate or high score over 6 years had a 6-14 % reduced odds of depression compared with women who maintained a low score (moderate vs low score-OR 0.94; 95 % CI 0.80, 0.99; P = 0.045; high vs low score-OR 0.86; 95 % CI 0.77, 0.96; P = 0.01). Similar results were observed in analyses excluding women with prior history of depression. CONCLUSION Long-term maintenance of good diet quality may be associated with reduced odds of depression. Randomised controlled trials are needed to eliminate the possibility of residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun S Lai
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. .,Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Alexis J Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | | | - Mark McEvoy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Julie Byles
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.,Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
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438
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Richard A, Rohrmann S, Vandeleur CL, Mohler-Kuo M, Eichholzer M. Associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and psychological distress: results from a population-based study. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:213. [PMID: 26424583 PMCID: PMC4590213 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies observed associations of various aspects of diet with mental health, but little is known about the relationship between following the 5-a-day recommendation for fruit and vegetables consumption and mental health. Thus, we examined the associations of the Swiss daily recommended fruit and vegetable intake with psychological distress. METHODS Data from 20,220 individuals aged 15+ years from the 2012 Swiss Health Survey were analyzed. The recommended portions of fruit and vegetables per day were defined as 5-a-day (at least 2 portions of fruit and 3 of vegetables). The outcome was perceived psychological distress over the previous 4 weeks (measured by the 5-item mental health index [MHI-5]). High distress (MHI-5 score ≤ 52), moderate distress (MHI-5 > 52 and ≤ 72) and low distress (MHI-5 > 72 and ≤ 100) were differentiated and multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for known confounding factors were performed. RESULTS The 5-a-day recommendation was met by 11.6 % of the participants with low distress, 9.3 % of those with moderate distress, and 6.2 % of those with high distress. Consumers fulfilling the 5-a-day recommendation had lower odds of being highly or moderately distressed than individuals consuming less fruit and vegetables (moderate vs. low distress: OR = 0.82, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.69-0.97; high vs. low distress: OR = 0.55, 95 % CI 0.41-0.75). CONCLUSIONS Daily intake of 5 servings of fruit and vegetable was associated with lower psychological distress. Longitudinal studies are needed to further determine the causal nature of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Richard
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, CH-8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, CH-8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline L Vandeleur
- Centre for Research in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Site de Cery, 1008, Prilly, Switzerland.
| | - Meichun Mohler-Kuo
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, CH-8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Monika Eichholzer
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, CH-8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
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439
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Sarris J, Logan AC, Akbaraly TN, Paul Amminger G, Balanzá-Martínez V, Freeman MP, Hibbeln J, Matsuoka Y, Mischoulon D, Mizoue T, Nanri A, Nishi D, Parletta N, Ramsey D, Rucklidge JJ, Sanchez-Villegas A, Scholey A, Su KP, Jacka FN. International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research consensus position statement: nutritional medicine in modern psychiatry. World Psychiatry 2015; 14:370-1. [PMID: 26407799 PMCID: PMC4592666 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Sarris
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne ClinicMelbourne, Australia,Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthorn, Australia
| | | | - Tasnime N Akbaraly
- Inserm U1198, Montpellier, France; EPHE, Paris, France, University Montpellier 2Montpellier, France,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental HealthAustralia
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, University of Valencia Medical School, CIBERSAMValencia, Spain
| | - Marlene P Freeman
- Perinatal and Reproductive Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Hibbeln
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIHBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yutaka Matsuoka
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyo, Japan
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Nanri
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health Policy and Evaluation, National Institute of Mental HealthJapan
| | - Natalie Parletta
- School of Population Health, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, Australia
| | - Drew Ramsey
- Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York, NY, USA
| | - Julia J Rucklidge
- Department of Psychology, University of CanterburyChristchurch, New Zealand
| | - Almudena Sanchez-Villegas
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran CanariaSpain,CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthorn, Australia
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Felice N Jacka
- IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelong, 3220, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research CentreParkville, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne HospitalMelbourne, Australia,Black Dog Institute, Road Prince of Wales HospitalRandwick, Australia
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440
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Dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression (RRR) and depressive symptoms in Japanese employees: The Furukawa nutrition and health study. Psychiatry Res 2015. [PMID: 26208984 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression has been linked to the overall diet using both exploratory and pre-defined methods. However, neither of these methods incorporates specific knowledge on nutrient-disease associations. The aim of the present study was to empirically identify dietary patterns using reduced rank regression and to examine their relations to depressive symptoms. Participants were 2006 Japanese employees aged 19-69 years. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Diet was assessed using a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted by reduced rank regression with 6 depression-related nutrients as response variables. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of depressive symptoms adjusted for potential confounders. A dietary pattern characterized by a high intake of vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, soybean products, green tea, potatoes, fruits, and small fish with bones and a low intake of rice was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios of having depressive symptoms were 0.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.81) in the highest versus lowest tertiles of dietary score. Results suggest that adherence to a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and typical Japanese foods, including mushrooms, seaweeds, soybean products, and green tea, is associated with a lower probability of having depressive symptoms.
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441
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Sánchez-Villegas A, Henríquez-Sánchez P, Ruiz-Canela M, Lahortiga F, Molero P, Toledo E, Martínez-González MA. A longitudinal analysis of diet quality scores and the risk of incident depression in the SUN Project. BMC Med 2015; 13:197. [PMID: 26377327 PMCID: PMC4573281 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have pointed out that several dietary patterns could be associated with a reduced risk of depression among adults. This association seems to be consistent across countries, cultures and populations. The objective of the study was to compare and to establish the type of relationship between three diet quality scores and depression in the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) Cohort study. METHODS We performed a dynamic cohort study based on Spanish university graduates free of depression at baseline. Dietary intake was repeatedly assessed at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up with a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Three previously described diet quality scores: Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), Pro-vegetarian Dietary Pattern (PDP) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) were built. Participants were classified as having depression if they reported a new clinical diagnosis of depression by a physician or initiated the use of an antidepressant drug during follow-up. Time-dependent Cox regression models with cumulative averages of diet and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate hazard ratios of depression according to quintiles of adherence to the MDS, PDP and AHEI-2010. RESULTS One thousand and fifty one incident cases of depression were observed among 15,093 participants from the SUN Cohort after a median follow-up of 8.5 years. Inverse and significant associations were observed between the three diet quality scores and depression risk. The hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for extreme quintiles (fifth versus first) of updated adherence to MDS, PDP and AHEI-2010 were 0.84 (0.69-1.02), 0.74 (0.61-0.89) and 0.60 (0.49-0.72), respectively. The dose-response analyses showed non-linear associations, suggesting that suboptimal adherence to these dietary patterns may partially be responsible for increased depression risk. CONCLUSIONS Better adherence to the MDS, PDP and AHEI-2010 was associated with a reduced risk of depression among Spanish adults. However, our data suggested a threshold effect so that although the risk of depression was reduced when comparing moderate versus lower adherence, there was not much extra benefit for the comparison between moderate and high or very high adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
- Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
- Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, P.O. Box 550, , CP. 35080, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Patricia Henríquez-Sánchez
- Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
- Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, n° 1, CP. 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Francisca Lahortiga
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, n° 1, CP. 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, n° 1, CP. 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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442
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Li F, Liu X, Zhang D. Fish consumption and risk of depression: a meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 70:299-304. [PMID: 26359502 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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443
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Jacka FN, Cherbuin N, Anstey KJ, Sachdev P, Butterworth P. Western diet is associated with a smaller hippocampus: a longitudinal investigation. BMC Med 2015; 13:215. [PMID: 26349802 PMCID: PMC4563885 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent meta-analyses confirm a relationship between diet quality and both depression and cognitive health in adults. While the biological pathways that underpin these relationships are likely multitudinous, extensive evidence from animal studies points to the involvement of the hippocampus. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary patterns and hippocampal volume in humans, and to assess whether diet was associated with differential rates of hippocampal atrophy over time. METHODS Data were drawn from the Personality and Total Health Through Life Study and focused on a subsample of the cohort (n = 255) who were aged 60-64 years at baseline in 2001, completed a food frequency questionnaire, and underwent two magnetic resonance imaging scans approximately 4 years apart. Longitudinal generalized estimating equation linear regression models were used to assess the association between dietary factors and left and right hippocampal volumes over time. RESULTS Every one standard deviation increase in healthy "prudent" dietary pattern was associated with a 45.7 mm(3) (standard error 22.9 mm(3)) larger left hippocampal volume, while higher consumption of an unhealthy "Western" dietary pattern was (independently) associated with a 52.6 mm(3) (SE 26.6 mm(3)) smaller left hippocampal volume. These relationships were independent of covariates including age, gender, education, labour-force status, depressive symptoms and medication, physical activity, smoking, hypertension and diabetes. While hippocampal volume declined over time, there was no evidence that dietary patterns influenced this decline. No relationships were observed between dietary patterns and right hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS Lower intakes of nutrient-dense foods and higher intakes of unhealthy foods are each independently associated with smaller left hippocampal volume. To our knowledge, this is the first human study to demonstrate associations between diet and hippocampal volume concordant with data previously observed in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice N Jacka
- Division of Nutritional Psychiatry Research, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. .,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. .,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Peter Butterworth
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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444
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Lopresti AL, Jacka FN. Diet and Bipolar Disorder: A Review of Its Relationship and Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms of Action. J Altern Complement Med 2015; 21:733-9. [PMID: 26348597 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2015.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is well accepted that diet quality has an important role in the prevention and treatment of several physical diseases. However, its influence on mental health has received far less attention, although there is increasing evidence to support a relationship with depression. In this narrative review, investigations into the relationship between diet and bipolar disorder are examined and the potential implications in the management and treatment of bipolar disorder are reviewed. METHODS The authors provide a narrative review of the relevant information. RESULTS Research is limited, although there are preliminary findings to suggest a relationship between diet and bipolar disorder. Findings from cross-sectional research suggest that people with bipolar disorder consume an unhealthier dietary pattern. This has significant treatment implications as bipolar disorder has a high comorbidity with several physical diseases. In addition, diet also influences several biological processes that are dysregulated in bipolar disorder, namely monoaminergic activity, immune/inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, mitochondrial activity, and neuroprogression. CONCLUSIONS The role of diet in bipolar disorder requires further attention in research as it presents as a factor that may contribute to the worsening course of this condition and may potentially enhance current treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Lopresti
- 1 School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University , Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- 2 Division of Nutritional Psychiatry Research, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University , Geelong, Australia .,3 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia .,4 Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,5 Black Dog Institute , Sydney, Australia
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445
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Dietary inflammatory index, cardiometabolic conditions and depression in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra cohort study. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1471-9. [PMID: 26344165 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Only one prospective study has analysed the relationship between the inflammatory properties of diet and risk of depression thus far. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the incidence of depression. In a cohort study of 15 093 university graduates, participants completed a validated FFQ at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up. The DII was calculated based on the FFQ. Each of the twenty-eight nutrients or foods received a score based on findings from the peer-reviewed literature reporting on the relationships between diet and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and C-reactive protein). Participants were classified as having depression if they reported a new clinical diagnosis of depression by a physician, antidepressant drugs, or both. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of depression according to quintiles of the DII. After a median 8·5 years of follow-up, we observed 1051 incident cases of depression. The HR for participants in the highest quintile of DII (strongly pro-inflammatory) was 1·47 (95% CI 1·17, 1·85) compared with those in the bottom quintile, with a significant dose-response relationship (P trend=0·01). In the subgroup analyses, the association between DII and depression was stronger among participants >55 years and among those with cardiometabolic comorbidities (HR 2·70; 95% CI 1·22, 5·97 and HR 1·80; 95% CI 1·27, 2·57, respectively). A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a significantly higher risk of depression in a Mediterranean population. This association was stronger among older subjects and subjects with cardiometabolic diseases.
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446
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Eyre H, Baune B, Lavretsky H. Clinical Advances in Geriatric Psychiatry: A Focus on Prevention of Mood and Cognitive Disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2015; 38:495-514. [PMID: 26300035 PMCID: PMC4548274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The world population is aging at a rate unprecedented in human history, placing substantial pressure on health systems across the world along with concurrent rises in chronic diseases. In particular, rates of cognitive disorders and late-life affective disorders are expected to increase. In tandem with aging, there are robust predictions suggesting that rates of age-related cognitive decline and dementia, and geriatric depression, will increase, with serious consequences. Clearly innovative prevention and treatment strategies are needed. This article reviews the latest promising clinical advances that hold promise for assisting the prevention and treatment of depression, cognitive decline, and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris Eyre
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, 55 Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bernhard Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, 55 Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Late Life Mood Stress and Wellness Research Program, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Room 37-465, Los Angeles, CA 90077, USA.
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447
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Assmann KE, Lassale C, Andreeva VA, Jeandel C, Hercberg S, Galan P, Kesse-Guyot E. A Healthy Dietary Pattern at Midlife, Combined with a Regulated Energy Intake, Is Related to Increased Odds for Healthy Aging. J Nutr 2015; 145:2139-45. [PMID: 26246320 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.210740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the long-term impact of overall dietary patterns (DPs) on healthy aging (HA), and current findings are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE Our study's objective was to investigate the association between empirically derived DPs in midlife and HA after 13 y of follow-up. METHODS Baseline dietary data from repeated 24-h dietary records (on average, 10 records per participant) of a subsample of the SU.VI.MAX (SUpplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants) study allowed extraction of 2 DPs with the use of principal components analysis on 37 food groups. HA was assessed in 2007-2009 among 2796 participants of the SU.VI.MAX study aged 45-60 y at baseline (1994-1995), who were initially free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. HA was defined as not developing any major chronic disease, good physical and cognitive functioning, no limitations in instrumental activities of daily living, no depressive symptoms, no health-related limitations in social life, good overall self-perceived health, and no function-limiting pain. The association between DPs (in tertiles) and HA was evaluated by using multivariable logistic regression, and a potential interaction with energy intake was investigated. RESULTS A "Western" and a "healthy" DP were identified. After adjustment for a large number of potential confounders, there was no significant association between the Western DP and HA. Moreover, the healthy pattern was not associated with HA among subjects with high (i.e., greater than or equal to the median) energy intake. Among subjects with low (i.e., less than the median) energy intake, on the other hand, higher scores on the healthy DP were related to higher odds of HA (OR for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.00; P-trend = 0.01). CONCLUSION Adherence to a healthy diet in midlife that provides micronutrients, fiber, and antioxidants while regulating energy intake may help to promote HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Assmann
- University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1153, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) U1125, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France;
| | - Camille Lassale
- University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1153, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) U1125, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1153, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) U1125, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Claude Jeandel
- Department of Geriatrics, Centre Balmès, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France; and
| | - Serge Hercberg
- University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1153, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) U1125, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France; Department of Public Health, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1153, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) U1125, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1153, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) U1125, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
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448
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Kingsbury M, Dupuis G, Jacka F, Roy-Gagnon MH, McMartin SE, Colman I. Associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and depressive symptoms: evidence from a national Canadian longitudinal survey. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 70:155-61. [PMID: 26311898 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-205858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cross-sectional studies have demonstrated associations between diet quality, including fruit and vegetable consumption, and mental health. However, research examining these associations longitudinally, while accounting for related lifestyle factors (eg, smoking, physical activity) is scarce. METHODS This study used data from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS), a large, national longitudinal survey of Canadians. The sample included 8353 participants aged 18 and older. Every 2 years from 2002/2003 to 2010/2011, participants completed self-reports of daily fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, smoking and symptoms of depression and psychological distress. Using generalised estimating equations, we modelled the associations between fruit and vegetable consumption at each timepoint and depression at the next timepoint, adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Fruit and vegetable consumption at each cycle was inversely associated with next-cycle depression (β=-0.03, 95% CI -0.05 to -0.01, p<0.01) and psychological distress (β=-0.03, 95% CI -0.05 to -0.02, p<0.0001). However, once models were adjusted for other health-related factors, these associations were attenuated (β=-0.01, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.02, p=0.55; β=-0.00, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.02, p=0.78 for models predicting depression and distress, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that relations between fruit and vegetable intake, other health-related behaviours and depression are complex. Behaviours such as smoking and physical activity may have a more important impact on depression than fruit and vegetable intake. Randomised control trials of diet are necessary to disentangle the effects of multiple health behaviours on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Kingsbury
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Dupuis
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felice Jacka
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Marie-Hélène Roy-Gagnon
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seanna E McMartin
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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449
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Segal L, Opie RS. A nutrition strategy to reduce the burden of diet related disease: access to dietician services must complement population health approaches. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:160. [PMID: 26321951 PMCID: PMC4531228 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor diet quality is implicated in almost every disease and health issue. And yet, in most advanced market economies diet quality is poor, with a minority meeting guidelines for healthy eating. Poor diet is thus responsible for substantial disease burden. Societies have at their disposal a range of strategies to influence diet behaviors. These can be classified into: (i) population level socio-educational approaches to enhance diet knowledge; (ii) pricing incentives (subsidies on healthy foods, punitive taxes on unhealthy foods); (iii) regulations to modify the food environment, and (iv) the provision of clinical dietetic services. There is little evidence that societies are active in implementing the available strategies. Advertising of "junk foods" is largely unchecked, contrasting with strict controls on advertising tobacco products, which also attract punitive taxes. Access to dieticians is restricted in most countries, even in the context of universal health care. In Australia in 2011 there were just 2,969 practicing dieticians/nutritionists or 1.3 clinicians per 10,000 persons, compared with 5.8 physiotherapists per 10,000 persons, 14.8 general practitioners (family physicians) per 10,000 persons or 75 nurses per 10,000 persons. It is time to implement comprehensive national nutrition strategies capable of effecting change. Such strategies need to be multi-component, incorporating both public health approaches and expanded publicly funded dietetic services. Access to individualized dietetic services is needed by those at risk, or with current chronic conditions, given the complexity of the diet message, the need for professional support for behavior change and to reflect individual circumstances. The adoption of a comprehensive nutrition strategy offers the promise of substantial improvement in diet quality, better health and wellbeing and lower health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Segal
- Health Economics and Social Policy Group, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rachelle S Opie
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University , Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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450
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Lopresti AL. A review of nutrient treatments for paediatric depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 181:24-32. [PMID: 25913919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Paediatric depression is estimated to affect 15-20% of youths prior to adulthood and is associated with significant social, educational and physical impairment. Current treatments comprise moderately efficacious psychological therapies and pharmaceutical antidepressants. However, nutritional therapies are also available and are regularly sought by people with depressive illnesses and parents of depressed youths. In this narrative review, studies examining the antidepressant effects of individual nutritional supplements in child and adolescent populations are appraised. Epidemiological studies examining the relationship between nutritional status and paediatric depression, or depressive symptoms are also reviewed. Nutrients covered in this article include: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, s-adenosylmethionine, vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, iron and B-vitamins. Although several of these nutrients present as promising treatments for paediatric depression, there is a lack of high-quality studies examining the antidepressant effects of all the aforementioned ingredients. Before nutritional treatments are accepted as validated treatments for paediatric depression, further high-quality studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Lopresti
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
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