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Leung CK, Bernal JDK, Yu AP, Recchia F, Tam BT, Fong DYT, Chan DKC, Ngai HH, Lee CH, Yung PSH, Wong SHS, Gibala M, Siu PM. Effects of volume-matched once-weekly and thrice-weekly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body adiposity in adults with central obesity: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:329-340. [PMID: 38993983 PMCID: PMC11238123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to examine the comparative effects of 75 min of volume-matched once-weekly and thrice-weekly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body adiposity in adults with central obesity. Methods This assessor-blinded, three-arm, randomized controlled trial will recruit 315 physically inactive adults with central obesity (aged ≥18 years, body mass index ≥23, waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women). Participants will be randomly allocated to the once-weekly HIIT, thrice-weekly HIIT or usual care control group. Participants in the HIIT groups will receive weekly exercise training sessions for 16 weeks, prescribed either once or three times weekly. Each HIIT session will consist of a supervised program of four 4-min high-intensity intervals at 85%-95% peak heart rate (HRpeak) interspersed with 3-min active recovery intervals at 50%-70% HRpeak. Participants in the once-weekly HIIT group will perform the 25-min HIIT bout three times with a break between each 25-min HIIT bout. The usual care control group will receive bi-weekly health education classes. The outcome assessments will be conducted at baseline, 16 weeks (post-intervention) and 32 weeks (follow-up). The primary outcome will be total body adiposity assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The secondary outcome measures will include markers of cardiovascular and metabolic health (body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, and blood lipids), mental health, cognitive performance, health-related quality of life, sleep quality, habitual physical activity, diet, medication, adverse events and adherence to the intervention. Impact of the project The findings from this study are expected to consolidate the therapeutic efficacy of HIIT for the management of central obesity and inform the comparative compliance, feasibility and suitability of once-weekly and thrice-weekly HIIT as exercise strategies to manage obesity. In particular, the present study is expected to provide a novel perspective on the utility of low-frequency HIIT (i.e., once-weekly) as an effective and sustainable exercise strategy to tackle the obesity pandemic. The anticipated findings will hold substantial translational value by informing public health policies and enhancing exercise compliance in the physically inactive obese population. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04887454).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit K Leung
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joshua D K Bernal
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angus P Yu
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francesco Recchia
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bjorn T Tam
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Y T Fong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Derwin K C Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heidi H Ngai
- Dietetic Clinic, School of Professional and Continuing Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi H Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick S H Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen H S Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Parco M Siu
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Woodruff JL, Bykalo MK, Loyo-Rosado FZ, Maissy ES, Sadek AT, Hersey M, Erichsen JM, Maxwell ND, Wilson MA, Wood SK, Hashemi P, Grillo CA, Reagan LP. Differential effects of high-fat diet on endocrine, metabolic and depressive-like behaviors in male and female rats. Appetite 2024; 199:107389. [PMID: 38697221 PMCID: PMC11139556 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The complications of obesity extend beyond the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS) and include an increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric co-morbidities like depressive illness. Preclinical studies support this concept, including studies that have examined the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on depressive-like behaviors. Although women are approximately two-fold more likely to develop depressive illness compared to men, most preclinical studies have focused on the effects of HFD in male rodents. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to examine depressive-like behaviors in male and female rats provided access to a HFD. In agreement with prior studies, male and female rats provided a HFD segregate into an obesity phenotype (i.e., diet-induced obesity; DIO) or a diet resistant (DR) phenotype. Upon confirmation of the DR and DIO phenotypes, behavioral assays were performed in control chow, DR, and DIO rats. In the sucrose preference test, male DIO rats exhibited significant decreases in sucrose consumption (i.e., anhedonia) compared to male DR and male control rats. In the forced swim test (FST), male DIO rats exhibited increases in immobility and decreases in climbing behaviors in the pre-test sessions. Interestingly, male DR rats exhibited these same changes in both the pre-test and test sessions of the FST, suggesting that consumption of a HFD, even in the absence of the development of an obesity phenotype, has behavioral consequences. Female rats did not exhibit differences in sucrose preference, but female DIO rats exhibited increases in immobility exclusively in the test session of the FST, behavioral changes that were not affected by the stage of the estrous cycle. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that access to a HFD elicits different behavioral outcomes in male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Woodruff
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M K Bykalo
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - F Z Loyo-Rosado
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - E S Maissy
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - A T Sadek
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M Hersey
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - J M Erichsen
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - N D Maxwell
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M A Wilson
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - S K Wood
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - P Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C A Grillo
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - L P Reagan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Patel Y, Woo A, Shi S, Ayoub R, Shin J, Botta A, Ketela T, Sung HK, Lerch J, Nieman B, Paus T, Pausova Z. Obesity and the cerebral cortex: Underlying neurobiology in mice and humans. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:637-647. [PMID: 38663773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by progressive atrophy of the cerebral cortex. The neurobiology of obesity contributions to AD is poorly understood. Here we show with in vivo MRI that diet-induced obesity decreases cortical volume in mice, and that higher body adiposity associates with lower cortical volume in humans. Single-nuclei transcriptomics of the mouse cortex reveals that dietary obesity promotes an array of neuron-adverse transcriptional dysregulations, which are mediated by an interplay of excitatory neurons and glial cells, and which involve microglial activation and lowered neuronal capacity for neuritogenesis and maintenance of membrane potential. The transcriptional dysregulations of microglia, more than of other cell types, are like those in AD, as assessed with single-nuclei cortical transcriptomics in a mouse model of AD and two sets of human donors with the disease. Serial two-photon tomography of microglia demonstrates microgliosis throughout the mouse cortex. The spatial pattern of adiposity-cortical volume associations in human cohorts interrogated together with in silico bulk and single-nucleus transcriptomic data from the human cortex implicated microglia (along with other glial cells and subtypes of excitatory neurons), and it correlated positively with the spatial profile of cortical atrophy in patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. Thus, multi-cell neuron-adverse dysregulations likely contribute to the loss of cortical tissue in obesity. The dysregulations of microglia may be pivotal to the obesity-related risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Patel
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Woo
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sammy Shi
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ramy Ayoub
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Botta
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Troy Ketela
- Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Lerch
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, Great Britton
| | - Brian Nieman
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Paus
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Chen L, Liu LM, Guo M, Du Y, Chen YW, Xiong XY, Cheng Y. Altered leptin level in autism spectrum disorder and meta-analysis of adipokines. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:479. [PMID: 38951775 PMCID: PMC11218410 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that leptin is involved in the pathology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, our objective was to investigate the levels of leptin in the blood of children with ASD and to examine the overall profile of adipokine markers in ASD through meta-analysis. METHODS Leptin concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, while adipokine profiling, including leptin, was performed via meta-analysis. Original reports that included measurements of peripheral adipokines in ASD patients and healthy controls (HCs) were collected from databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. These studies were collected from September 2022 to September 2023 and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Standardized mean differences were calculated using a random effects model for the meta-analysis. Additionally, we performed meta-regression and explored heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS Our findings revealed a significant increase in leptin levels in children with ASD compared to HCs (p = 0.0319). This result was consistent with the findings obtained from the meta-analysis (p < 0.001). Furthermore, progranulin concentrations were significantly reduced in children with ASD. However, for the other five adipokines analyzed, there were no significant differences observed between the children with ASD and HCs children. Heterogeneity was found among the studies, and the meta-regression analysis indicated that publication year and latitude might influence the results of the meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide compelling evidence that leptin levels are increased in children with ASD compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential mechanism involving adipokines, particularly leptin, in the pathogenesis of ASD. These results contribute to a better understanding of the pathology of ASD and provide new insights for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center On Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li-Ming Liu
- Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center On Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Du
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center On Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue-Wen Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen,, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Yue Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Yong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center On Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China.
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5
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Beer RJ, Cnattingius S, Susser ES, Wang L, Villamor E. Maternal early pregnancy body mass index and bipolar disorder in the offspring. Bipolar Disord 2024; 26:348-355. [PMID: 37986665 PMCID: PMC11102928 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between maternal early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and offspring bipolar disorder (BPD). METHODS We conducted a nationwide cohort study among 1,507,056 non-malformed singleton live-births in Sweden born 1983-2004. Using national registries with prospectively recorded information, we followed participants for a BPD diagnosis from ages 13 to up to 35 years. We compared BPD risks by early pregnancy BMI using hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) from adjusted Cox models. We also conducted sibling-controlled analyses among 874,047 full siblings. RESULTS There were 9970 BPD diagnoses. Risk of BPD was 0.72% through 25 years of age. Maternal early pregnancy BMI was positively associated with offspring BPD risk. Compared with normal BMI (18.5-24.9), adjusted HR (95% CI) for overweight (BMI 25-29.9), obesity grade 1 (BMI 30-34.9), and obesity grades 2-3 (BMI ≥35) were 1.08 (1.02, 1.15), 1.26 (1.14, 1.40), and 1.31 (1.07, 1.60), respectively. Adjusted HR per unit BMI was 1.015 (95% CI 1.009, 1.021). A similar trend was observed among siblings. Pregnancy and neonatal complications did not substantially mediate the association between maternal obesity (BMI ≥30) and offspring BPD. CONCLUSIONS Maternal BMI ≥25 is associated with offspring BPD risk in a dose-response manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael J. Beer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sven Cnattingius
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ezra S. Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Carvalho LML, Jorge AADL, Bertola DR, Krepischi ACV, Rosenberg C. A Comprehensive Review of Syndromic Forms of Obesity: Genetic Etiology, Clinical Features and Molecular Diagnosis. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:313-337. [PMID: 38277088 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Syndromic obesity refers to obesity occurring with additional clinical findings, such as intellectual disability/developmental delay, dysmorphic features, and congenital malformations. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To present a narrative review regarding the genetic etiology, clinical description, and molecular diagnosis of syndromic obesity, which is a rare condition with high phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity. The following syndromes are presented in this review: Prader-Willi, Bardet-Biedl, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Alström, Smith-Magenis, Cohen, Temple, 1p36 deletion, 16p11.2 microdeletion, Kleefstra, SIM1-related, Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann, WAGRO, Carpenter, MORM, and MYT1L-related syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS: There are three main groups of mechanisms for syndromic obesity: imprinting, transcriptional activity regulation, and cellular cilia function. For molecular diagnostic, methods of genome-wide investigation should be prioritized over sequencing of panels of syndromic obesity genes. In addition, we present novel syndromic conditions that need further delineation, but evidences suggest they have a higher frequency of obesity. The etiology of syndromic obesity tends to be linked to disrupted neurodevelopment (central) and is associated with a diversity of genes and biological pathways. In the genetic investigation of individuals with syndromic obesity, the possibility that the etiology of the syndromic condition is independent of obesity should be considered. The accurate genetic diagnosis impacts medical management, treatment, and prognosis, and allows proper genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Machado Lara Carvalho
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander Augusto de Lima Jorge
- Genetic Endocrinology Unit, Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (LIM/25), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Romeo Bertola
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Genetics Unit of Instituto da Criança, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Tunnell NC, Corner SE, Roque AD, Kroll JL, Ritz T, Meuret AE. Biobehavioral approach to distinguishing panic symptoms from medical illness. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1296569. [PMID: 38779550 PMCID: PMC11109415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1296569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Panic disorder is a common psychiatric diagnosis characterized by acute, distressing somatic symptoms that mimic medically-relevant symptoms. As a result, individuals with panic disorder overutilize personal and healthcare resources in an attempt to diagnose and treat physical symptoms that are often medically benign. A biobehavioral perspective on these symptoms is needed that integrates psychological and medical knowledge to avoid costly treatments and prolonged suffering. This narrative review examines six common somatic symptoms of panic attacks (non-cardiac chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, dizziness, abdominal distress, and paresthesia), identified in the literature as the most severe, prevalent, or critical for differential diagnosis in somatic illness, including long COVID. We review somatic illnesses that are commonly comorbid or produce panic-like symptoms, their relevant risk factors, characteristics that assist in distinguishing them from panic, and treatment approaches that are typical for these conditions. Additionally, this review discusses key factors, including cultural considerations, to assist healthcare professionals in differentiating benign from medically relevant symptoms in panic sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C. Tunnell
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sarah E. Corner
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Andres D. Roque
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
- Primary Care Department, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juliet L. Kroll
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas Ritz
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Alicia E. Meuret
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
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Zhao S, Mathis W. Understanding Barriers and Facilitators of Primary Care Use Among Assertive Community Treatment Teams Via Qualitative Analysis of Clients and Clinicians. Community Ment Health J 2024:10.1007/s10597-024-01284-5. [PMID: 38702559 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with severe mental illness and substance use disorders face complex barriers to achieving physical health. This study aims to explore the barriers and facilitators of primary care access among an Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) team. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 clients and 7 clinicians from an ACT team at a community mental health center in Connecticut. Data analysis followed a grounded theory approach, with codes and themes emerging iteratively during the interview process. The study identified multifaceted barriers to accessing primary care, including economic challenges, homelessness, and the prioritization of mental health and substance use symptoms over healthcare. The conceptual framework consists of nine dominant themes: clients' attitudes, knowledge, mental health, and motivations ("Client-Level Barriers and Facilitators"); ACT team-directed care coordination and relationship-building as well as primary care provider communication ("Provider-Level Barriers and Facilitators"); and clients' experiences with medical care and socioeconomic status ("Systemic-Level Barriers and Facilitators"). This research provides valuable insights into the various barriers faced by ACT clients in accessing primary care. Improving primary care access for individuals with severe mental illness and substance use disorders is crucial for reducing health disparities in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | - Walter Mathis
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
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Galekop MMJ, Uyl-de Groot C, Redekop WK. Economic Evaluation of a Personalized Nutrition Plan Based on Omic Sciences Versus a General Nutrition Plan in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Modeling Study Based on Trial Data in Denmark. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2024; 8:313-331. [PMID: 38113009 PMCID: PMC10883904 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-023-00461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since there is no diet that is perfect for everyone, personalized nutrition approaches are gaining popularity to achieve goals such as the prevention of obesity-related diseases. However, appropriate choices about funding and encouraging personalized nutrition approaches should be based on sufficient evidence of their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we assessed whether a newly developed personalized plan (PP) could be cost-effective relative to a non-personalized plan in Denmark. METHODS Results of a 10-week randomized controlled trial were combined with a validated obesity economic model to estimate lifetime cost-effectiveness. In the trial, the intervention group (PP) received personalized home-delivered meals based on metabolic biomarkers and personalized behavioral change messages. In the control group these meals and messages were not personalized. Effects were measured in body mass index (BMI) and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). Costs [euros (€), 2020] were considered from a societal perspective. Lifetime cost-effectiveness was assessed using a multi-state Markov model. Univariate, probabilistic sensitivity, and scenario analyses were performed. RESULTS In the trial, no significant differences were found in the effectiveness of PP compared with control, but wide confidence intervals (CIs) were seen [e.g., BMI (-0.07, 95% CI -0.51, 0.38)]. Lifetime estimates showed that PP increased costs (€520,102 versus €518,366, difference: €1736) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) (15.117 versus 15.106, difference: 0.011); the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) was therefore high (€158,798 to gain one QALY). However, a 20% decrease in intervention costs would reduce the ICUR (€23,668 per QALY gained) below an unofficial gross domestic product (GDP)-based willingness-to-pay threshold (€47,817 per QALY gained). CONCLUSION On the basis of the willingness-to-pay threshold and the non-significant differences in short-term effectiveness, PP may not be cost-effective. However, scaling up the intervention would reduce the intervention costs. Future studies should be larger and/or longer to reduce uncertainty about short-term effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov registry (NCT04590989).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carin Uyl-de Groot
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William Ken Redekop
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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McElroy SL, Guerdjikova AI, Blom TJ, Mori N, Romo-Nava F. Liraglutide in Obese or Overweight Individuals With Stable Bipolar Disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 44:89-95. [PMID: 38227621 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is common among persons with bipolar disorder (BD). Liraglutide 3.0 mg/d subcutaneous injection is indicated for chronic weight management and associated with minimal adverse neuropsychiatric effects. This study evaluated whether liraglutide 3 mg/d reduced body weight, improved metabolic factors and eating psychopathology, and was safe and well tolerated in persons with stable BD who were obese (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m 2 ) or overweight (BMI ≥27 kg/m 2 ) with at least one weight-related comorbidity. METHODS This was a 40-week, randomized (1:1 ratio), placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, 2-arm clinical trial of liraglutide targeted to 3.0 mg/d (in combination with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity) in 60 participants with stable BD who were obese or overweight. Primary outcome was percent change in body weight from baseline to study end. Secondary outcomes included percentage of patients who lost ≥5% of baseline body weight, and changes in metabolic variables and measures of eating psychopathology. RESULTS There were no significant baseline differences between the 29 liraglutide recipients and the 31 placebo recipients, except that liraglutide recipients had higher levels of binge eating and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Compared with placebo, liraglutide was associated with significantly greater reductions in percent change in body weight, percentage of participants who lost at least 5% of body weight, and reductions in weight, BMI, hemoglobin A 1c levels, binge eating, and hunger. Liraglutide was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide 3 mg/d may be efficacious and safe for weight loss in individuals with stable BD and obesity or overweight. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03158805).
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Zhang H, Liu Z, Zheng H, Xu T, Liu L, Xu T, Yuan TF, Han X. Multiple mediation of the association between childhood emotional abuse and adult obesity by anxiety and bulimia - a sample from bariatric surgery candidates and healthy controls. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:653. [PMID: 38429770 PMCID: PMC10905949 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bulimia, which means a person has episodes of eating a very large amount of food (bingeing) during which the person feels a loss of control over their eating, is the most primitive reason for being overweight and obese. The extended literature has indicated that childhood emotional abuse has a close relationship with adverse mood states, bulimia, and obesity. To comprehensively understand the potential links among these factors, we evaluated a multiple mediation model in which anxiety/depression and bulimia were mediators between childhood emotional abuse and body mass index (BMI). A set of self-report questionnaires, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), was sent out. Clinical data from 37 obese patients (age: 29.65 ± 5.35, body mass index (BMI): 37.59 ± 6.34) and 37 demographically well-matched healthy people with normal body weight (age: 31.35 ± 10.84, BMI: 22.16 ± 3.69) were included in the investigation. We first performed an independent t-test to compare all scales or subscale scores between the two groups. Then, we conducted Pearson correlation analysis to test every two variables' pairwise correlation. Finally, multiple mediation analysis was performed with BMI as the outcome variable, and childhood emotional abuse as the predictive variable. Pairs of anxiety, bulimia, and depression, bulimia were selected as the mediating variables in different multiple mediation models separately. The results show that the obese group reported higher childhood emotional abuse (t = 2.157, p = 0.034), worse mood state (anxiety: t = 5.466, p < 0.001; depression: t = 2.220, p = 0.030), and higher bulimia (t = 3.400, p = 0.001) than the healthy control group. Positive correlations were found in every pairwise combination of BMI, childhood emotional abuse, anxiety, and bulimia. Multiple mediation analyses indicate that childhood emotional abuse is positively linked to BMI (β = 1.312, 95% CI = 0.482-2.141). The model using anxiety and bulimia as the multiple mediating variables is attested to play roles in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and obesity (indirect effect = 0.739, 95% CI = 0.261-1.608, 56.33% of the total effect). These findings confirm that childhood emotional abuse contributes to adulthood obesity through the multiple mediating effects of anxiety and bulimia. The present study adds another potential model to facilitate our understanding of the eating psychopathology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Department of Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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MacConnell AE, Tran D, Hand R, Schmitt DR, Brown NM. The Association Between Mental Health, Substance Use Disorder, and Outcomes After Total Joint Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:619-624. [PMID: 37757981 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies suggest that distressed patients or those who have poor mental health have inferior postoperative outcomes when compared to nondistressed patients. However, these studies typically do not account for substance use or other comorbidities often found in this population, which can independently contribute to postoperative complications. This study sought to control for these factors and assess if a diagnosis of a mental health condition is directly associated with worse outcomes after total joint arthroplasty. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed for 3,182 patients who underwent a total hip arthroplasty and 4,430 patients who underwent a total knee arthroplasty. Diagnosis of the mental health disorders included depression, anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder, bipolar disorder, trauma, stressor-related disorder, and schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Multivariable analyses were performed to control for alcohol use, drug use, tobacco use, body mass index, and a comorbidity index. RESULTS When controlling for body mass index and Charlson comorbidity index, no statistically significant associations were found between a diagnosis of any mental health condition or a specific diagnosis of depression or anxiety, and 90-day readmission, reoperation, or 1 year mortality for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS When accounting for confounding factors, there does not appear to be a direct association between diagnosis of any of the psychiatric conditions we studied and outcomes after primary total joint arthroplasty. While prior studies suggest addressing the mental health condition may improve outcomes, this study suggests that preoperative medical optimization and potentially addressing substance use may be more effective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E MacConnell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Dana Tran
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Rob Hand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Daniel R Schmitt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Nicholas M Brown
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
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Kadriu B, Deng ZD, Kraus C, Johnston JN, Fijtman A, Henter ID, Kasper S, Zarate CA. The impact of body mass index on the clinical features of bipolar disorder: A STEP-BD study. Bipolar Disord 2024; 26:160-175. [PMID: 37536999 PMCID: PMC10839568 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of body mass index (BMI) on the core symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD) and its implications for disease trajectory are largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE To examine whether BMI impacted hospitalization rate, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and core symptom domains such as depression and suicidality in BD. METHODS Participants (15 years and older) were 2790 BD outpatients enrolled in the longitudinal STEP-BD study; all met DSM-IV criteria for BD-I, BD-II, cyclothymia, BD NOS, or schizoaffective disorder, bipolar subtype. BMI, demographic information, psychiatric and medical comorbidities, and other clinical variables such as bipolarity index, history of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and history of suicide attempts were collected at baseline. Longitudinal changes in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score, and hospitalizations during the study were also assessed. Depending on the variable of interest, odds-ratios, regression analyses, factor analyses, and graph analyses were applied. RESULTS A robust increase in psychiatric and medical comorbidities was observed, particularly for baseline BMIs >35. A significant relationship was noted between higher BMI and history of suicide attempts, and individuals with BMIs >40 had the highest prevalence of suicide attempts. Obese and overweight individuals had a higher bipolarity index (a questionnaire measuring disease severity) and were more likely to have received ECT. Higher BMIs correlated with worsening trajectory of core depression symptoms and with worsening lassitude and inability to feel. CONCLUSIONS In BD participants, elevated BMI was associated with worsening clinical features, including higher rates of suicidality, comorbidities, and core depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashkim Kadriu
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood
Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood
Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Christoph Kraus
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood
Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jenessa N. Johnston
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood
Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria,
Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Adam Fijtman
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood
Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Ioline D. Henter
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood
Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Center for Brain Research Department of Molecular
Neuroscience, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood
Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
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Aljadani A, Alshammari K, Alshammari M, Alshammari S, Alhuwaydi A, AbouZed M, Shabaan I, Elzahab N, Altuhayni A, Alghasab N. Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Panic Disorder among Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024:10.1007/s44197-024-00208-6. [PMID: 38372895 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) is a severe anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks that cause intense distress. Despite the high prevalence of panic disorder and its significant impact on life, limited research has been conducted on its prevalence and their associated factors in Saudi Arabia. This study seeks to contribute to the understanding of PD among adults in Saudi Arabia by examining its prevalence and associated factors, using an online survey method. A validated questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted targeting 1276 Saudi adults. Data were collected electronically via Google Forms from the eligible participants. The questionnaire comprised three sections: sociodemographic information, medical history, and a validated diagnostic tool for PD. The prevalence of PD among Saudi adults was 13.1%. Most individuals with PD experienced their first panic attack before the age of 18. Only 38.3% individuals with PD sought medical attention, and approximately one-third of those who sought help did not receive a diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that significant risk factors for PD included being female; having chronic health problems, a comorbid psychiatric disorder, a high body mass index; and experiencing suicidal ideation (P < 0.05). The highest risk was associated with chronic diseases (adjusted odds ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 2.1-4.6). This study demonstrates that PD is a prevalent and debilitating mental health condition among Saudi Arabian adults. Non-mental health physicians should be aware of PD, as many cases remain undiagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aljadani
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Psychiatry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Alshammari
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Psychiatry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mossa Alshammari
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Psychiatry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Alshammari
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Psychiatry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alhuwaydi
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Psychiatry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed AbouZed
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Psychiatry Department, Eradah Mental Complex, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam Shabaan
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Psychiatry Department, Eradah Mental Complex, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasr Elzahab
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Naif Alghasab
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Martínez-Magaña JJ, Genis-Mendoza AD, Gallegos-Silva I, López-Narváez ML, Juárez-Rojop IE, Diaz-Zagoya JC, Tovilla-Zárate CA, González-Castro TB, Nicolini H, Solis-Medina A. Differential Alterations of Expression of the Serotoninergic System Genes and Mood-Related Behavior by Consumption of Aspartame or Potassium Acesulfame in Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:490. [PMID: 38398814 PMCID: PMC10892058 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of aspartame (ASP) and potassium acesulfame (ACK) to reduce weight gain is growing; however, contradictory effects in body mass index control and neurobiological alterations resulting from artificial sweeteners consumption have been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the chronic consumption of ASP and ACK on mood-related behavior and the brain expression of serotonin genes in male Wistar rats. Mood-related behaviors were evaluated using the swim-forced test and defensive burying at two time points: 45 days (juvenile) and 95 days (adult) postweaning. Additionally, the mRNA expression of three serotoninergic genes (Slc6a4, Htr1a, and Htr2c) was measured in the brain areas (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus) involved in controlling mood-related behaviors. In terms of mood-related behaviors, rats consuming ACK exhibited anxiety-like behavior only during the juvenile stage. In contrast, rats consuming ASP showed a reduction in depressive-like behavior during the juvenile stage but an increase in the adult stage. The expression of Slc6a4 mRNA increased in the hippocampus of rats consuming artificial sweeteners during the juvenile stage. In the adult stage, there was an upregulation in the relative expression of Slc6a4 and Htr1a in the hypothalamus, while Htr2c expression decreased in the hippocampus of rats consuming ASP. Chronic consumption of ASP and ACK appears to have differential effects during neurodevelopmental stages in mood-related behavior, potentially mediated by alterations in serotoninergic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico; (J.J.M.-M.); (A.D.G.-M.); (I.G.-S.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico; (J.J.M.-M.); (A.D.G.-M.); (I.G.-S.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Ileana Gallegos-Silva
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico; (J.J.M.-M.); (A.D.G.-M.); (I.G.-S.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - María Lilia López-Narváez
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico; (M.L.L.-N.); (I.E.J.-R.)
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico; (M.L.L.-N.); (I.E.J.-R.)
| | - Juan C. Diaz-Zagoya
- División de Investigación, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico; (M.L.L.-N.); (I.E.J.-R.)
| | | | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico; (J.J.M.-M.); (A.D.G.-M.); (I.G.-S.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Anayelly Solis-Medina
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico; (J.J.M.-M.); (A.D.G.-M.); (I.G.-S.); (A.S.-M.)
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16
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Nameni G, Jazayeri S, Salehi M, Esrafili A, Hajebi A, Motevalian SA. Association between visceral adiposity and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). BMC Psychol 2024; 12:49. [PMID: 38273394 PMCID: PMC10811950 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Due to an increased rate of inflammation in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), insight into the mediating factors in the onset and recurrence of the inflammatory response can help to achieve novel treatments for alleviating the risk of GAD. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the possible relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as an important intermediary in inflammation pathways and GAD in participants of the Employees' Health Cohort Study of Iran (EHCSIR). METHOD We analyzed the data from 3889 included participants aged > 18 years in the EHCSIR study, which were collected from 2017 to 2020. Lifetime and 12-month GAD were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-2.1) questionnaire. The adjusted prevalence ratio was computed to evaluate the association between GAD and visceral adiposity index (VAI), GAD and visceral fat area (VFA), GAD and body mass index (BMI) and ultimately GAD and waist circumference (WC) in males and females using STATA software. RESULTS Log-binomial analysis showed a higher prevalence ratio of 12-month GAD associated with VFA in women [PR: 1.42, CI: 1.07-1.87, P: 0.015]. The prevalence of lifetime GAD was higher in obese women (BM1 > 30) [PR: 2.35, CI: 1.07-5.13, P:0.03] than in women with normal BMI. Women with higher VAI were also significantly more likely to suffer lifetime GAD [PR: 1.25, CI: 1.05]. 1.48, P:0.01]. In males, the prevalence of lifetime diagnosed GAD per 1 standard deviation increase in VFA was 0.65 [CI: 0.46-0.91, P: 0.01]. CONCLUSION Visceral adiposity as a positive agent was associated with GAD prevalence in women. The presence of GAD symptoms showed no relationship to VFA in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Nameni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Jazayeri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hajebi
- Research Center for Addiction & Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Motevalian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Moore KG, Rice JD, Gampher JE, Boggiano MM. Mindfulness, mental health, and motives for eating tasty foods when not in metabolic need. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1308609. [PMID: 38314255 PMCID: PMC10836418 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1308609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Habitual consumption of highly palatable foods when not in metabolic need (HPF eating) is linked to obesity. High HPF consumption is also linked to mental health disorder (MHD) symptoms. Mindfulness-based interventions are popular treatments for obesity and MHDs, but little is known about the relationship between trait mindfulness and motive-based HPF eating. Therefore, a total of 927 young adults completed a survey that included the Palatable Eating Motives Scale-7 (which identifies Coping-, Reward enhancement-, Social-, and Conformity-eating), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and demographic and body mass index (BMI) questions. An MHD questionnaire allowed a comparison of HPF eating between participants with and without various MHDs. Regressions revealed that Coping-eating was independently associated with lower mindfulness and also greater perceived stress, higher BMI, and female sex. Of these variables, only lower mindfulness was independently associated with Reward-, Social-, and Conformity-eating. Coping- and Reward-eating were more frequent in participants with versus without an anxiety disorder, depression, ADD/ADHD, and PTSD. Coping-eating was also more frequent in participants with body dysmorphic disorder. These findings warrant investigations in participants with clinically validated diagnoses for DSM-specific MHDs. Results from such investigations and the uncovered nature of associations between motive-specific HPF eating and trait mindfulness could provide novel targets to improve mindfulness-based interventions for obesity and MHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary M. Boggiano
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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18
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Almandoz JP, Xie L, Tejani S, Mathew MS, Schellinger JN, Morales-Marroquin E, Messiah SE. Impact of employment status and work setting on body weight and health behaviors among people with obesity. Work 2023:WOR230055. [PMID: 38143405 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of employment and the work-from-home (WFH) setting on body weight among people with obesity is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between employment status, WFH setting, and change in body weight among adults with obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Patients from an obesity medicine clinic completed an online survey in 2022 to assess health, work, and lifestyle behaviors. Multiple regression models examined the association between WFH status and change in body weight. RESULTS The analytical sample included 380 patients (81.9% female, mean age 52.5 years, mean body mass index 43.25, 50.0% non-Hispanic White, 25.7% non-Hispanic Black, 18.7% Hispanic, 5.7% other ethnicity). During the pandemic, 28.7% were employed in a WFH setting (73.4% of this subgroup were in a WFH setting only), 36.1% were employed but not in a WFH setting, 11.8% were unemployed, and 23.4% were retired. Mean body weight change for participants who partially WFH during the pandemic was +5.4 (±7.2) % compared to those completely WFH -0.3 (±9.8) % (P = 0.006). After adjusting for key demographics, participants who were partially WFH gained 7.8% more weight compared to those completely WFH (β= 7.28, SE = 1.91, p < 0.001). The most significant predictors for weight gain after adjusting for WFH frequency (partially vs. completely) included overeating (aOR 11.07, 95% CI 3.33-36.77), more consumption of fast food (aOR 7.59, 95% 2.41-23.91), and depression (aOR 6.07, 95% CI 1.97-18.68). CONCLUSION These results show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the WFH hybrid (combination of office and WFH) setting is associated with greater weight gain compared to those who completely WFH in people with obesity. Risk factors include overeating, higher fast food consumption, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime P Almandoz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luyu Xie
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sanaa Tejani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M Sunil Mathew
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Schellinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Messiah
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX USA
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19
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Pearl RL, Hernandez M, Bach C, Groshon L, Wadden TA. Prevalence of diagnosed psychiatric disorders among adults who have experienced and internalized weight stigma. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:681-687. [PMID: 38090681 PMCID: PMC10712401 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Experiences and internalization of weight stigma are associated with greater self-reported psychological distress and symptoms of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. However, little is known about the extent to which individuals who have experienced and internalized weight stigma are diagnosed with or provided treatment for psychiatric conditions. The current study aimed to characterize the prevalence of diagnosed psychiatric disorders among adults with obesity who had experienced and internalized weight stigma. Methods Weight-loss treatment-seeking adults with a history of experiencing weight stigma and high levels of internalized weight stigma were recruited for two clinical trials. Results In Study 1 (n = 84, 83.3% women, 67.9% Black), 25% of participants reported a lifetime history of a mood disorder. Few participants (<10%) reported current psychiatric diagnoses or use of psychiatric medications. In Study 2 (n = 129, 88.4% women, 65.1% white), one-third of participants reported a mood disorder history, and 21.7% reported an anxiety disorder history, with approximately 16%-18% reporting current diagnoses. In both studies, few participants reported a history of a diagnosed eating disorder despite high rates of current full- or subthreshold symptoms. Based on Beck Depression Inventory-II scores, approximately 54%-64% of participants reported mild or greater symptoms of depression. Conclusions Overall, lifetime history of diagnosed psychiatric disorders and current symptoms of depression and eating disorders were relatively high across two samples. More research is needed to determine the impact of weight stigma on the diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders and other psychiatric concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Pearl
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyCollege of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryCenter for Weight and Eating DisordersPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Marian Hernandez
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyCollege of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Caroline Bach
- Department of PsychologyGeorgia Southern UniversityStatesboroGeorgiaUSA
| | - Laurie Groshon
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyCollege of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Thomas A. Wadden
- Department of PsychiatryCenter for Weight and Eating DisordersPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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20
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Radkhah N, Rasouli A, Majnouni A, Eskandari E, Parastouei K. The effect of Mediterranean diet instructions on depression, anxiety, stress, and anthropometric indices: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102469. [PMID: 37869542 PMCID: PMC10587518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that adopting a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD), can positively affect mental health. To further explore this, a study was conducted to determine the impact of MD instruction over 12 weeks on depression, anxiety, stress, and anthropometric indices. The study is a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial with sixty participants who reported stress, anxiety, and depression conducted in Tabriz, Iran (2022-2023). They were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 30), which received MD instruction, or the control group (n = 30), which received standard healthy nutrition education. Both groups were asked to follow their respective nutrition education plans for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, depression, anxiety, and stress levels were measured using the DASS-21 questionnaire, and anthropometric indices were assessed. Initially, the unadjusted DASS-21 scores for depression, anxiety, and stress did not show significant differences between the two groups. However, after adjusting for baseline variables (model 2), all scores decreased significantly (the P-value for all scores was < 0.001). There was no significant difference in weight and BMI between the intervention and control groups. However, after adjusting the results based on baseline values (Model 2) and adherence to the program (Model 3), weight and BMI were significantly reduced in the MD group (P-values for both cases and both models were < 0.001). Overall, despite some significant findings, the results were not noticeable from a clinical perspective. The study provides some indications that following the Mediterranean diet may lead to improvements in weight and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Radkhah
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Rasouli
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Majnouni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Eslam Eskandari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Mirmira RG, Kulkarni RN, Xu P, Drossos T, Varady K, Knutson KL, Reutrakul S, Martyn-Nemeth P, Sargis RM, Wallia A, Tuchman AM, Weissberg-Benchell J, Danielson KK, Oakes SA, Thomas CC, Layden BT, May SC, Burbea Hoffmann M, Gatta E, Solway J, Philipson LH. Stress and human health in diabetes: A report from the 19 th Chicago Biomedical Consortium symposium. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e263. [PMID: 38229904 PMCID: PMC10790105 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress and diabetes coexist in a vicious cycle. Different types of stress lead to diabetes, while diabetes itself is a major life stressor. This was the focus of the Chicago Biomedical Consortium's 19th annual symposium, "Stress and Human Health: Diabetes," in November 2022. There, researchers primarily from the Chicago area met to explore how different sources of stress - from the cells to the community - impact diabetes outcomes. Presenters discussed the consequences of stress arising from mutant proteins, obesity, sleep disturbances, environmental pollutants, COVID-19, and racial and socioeconomic disparities. This symposium showcased the latest diabetes research and highlighted promising new treatment approaches for mitigating stress in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tina Drossos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen L. Knutson
- Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela Martyn-Nemeth
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amisha Wallia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jill Weissberg-Benchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kirstie K. Danielson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott A. Oakes
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Celeste C. Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah C. May
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Julian Solway
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis H. Philipson
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Lin S, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M, Pavlou V, Chakos K, McStay M, Runchey MC, Alexandria SJ, Varady KA. Effect of Time-Restricted Eating versus Daily Calorie Restriction on Mood and Quality of Life in Adults with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4313. [PMID: 37892388 PMCID: PMC10609268 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this secondary analysis is to compare the effects of two popular weight loss regimens, time-restricted eating (TRE) and daily calorie restriction (CR), on mood and quality-of-life measures in adults with obesity. Ninety participants were randomized to one of three interventions for 12 months: 8 h TRE (eating only between 12:00 and 8:00 p.m., with no calorie counting); CR (25% energy restriction daily); or no-intervention control group. Questionnaires were administered to measure mood (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Profile of Mood States (POMS)) and quality of life (Rand 36-Item Short Form) at baseline and month 12. Body weight decreased in the TRE group (-4.87%, 95%CI: -7.61, -2.13) and CR group (-5.30%, 95%CI: -9.06, -1.54) versus controls, with no difference between TRE and CR. The BDI-II depression score did not change in the TRE or CR group, versus controls, by month 12. Likewise, there were no changes in any of the POMS subscales (tension, depression, anger, fatigue, anger, confusion, or vigor) or the total mood disturbance score in the TRE or CR group versus controls. As for quality of life, there were no significant changes in the SF-36 constructs of mental health, bodily pain, and general physical health in the TRE or CR group versus controls. However, there was a trend towards increased vitality in the TRE group (7.77 [95% CI: 0.15, 15.39] p = 0.05) relative to controls. There were no associations between changes in body weight, physical activity, mood, and quality of life in any group by the end of the study. These findings suggest that TRE and CR produce similar degrees of weight loss, but impact neither mood nor quality of life in adults with obesity over 12 months. Future well-powered studies will be needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Lin
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sofia Cienfuegos
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark Ezpeleta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vasiliki Pavlou
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kaitlin Chakos
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mara McStay
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mary-Claire Runchey
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shaina J. Alexandria
- Department of Preventative Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Krista A. Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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23
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Marron Mendes V, Diluiso G, Jidjouc Kamdem C, Goulliart S, Schettino M, Dziubek M, Di Fiore C, Ortiz Carrillo S, Delhaye M. Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Aesthetic Surgery. Ann Plast Surg 2023; 91:413-421. [PMID: 37713148 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study aimed to characterize and objectify the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the use of psychotropic drugs in patients interested in undergoing aesthetic surgery. The psychiatric profile of this population is particularly interesting and is related to self-perception and the general concept of beauty. METHODS We conducted an observational, retrospective, and bicenter study of 2092 patients seen in plastic surgery departments. Data on general characteristics, pathology, psychiatric history (PH), use of psychotropic drugs, addictions, surgical requests, and surgical complications were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Based on our inclusion criteria, we selected 524 patients. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 32.25%. The prevalence of depressive disorders (19.27%), anxiety disorders (8.21%), and sleep-wake cycle disorders (7.06%) should be noted. Comparing the population with psychiatric history (PH+) and without psychiatric history (PH-), significant differences were found in patient ethnicity, addictions (tobacco, 37.50% vs 15.00%; drugs, 3.26% vs 0.59%), and comorbidities. In the 66.86% (n = 113) of PH+ patients, the plastic surgeon did not record the presence of psychiatric disorders in the medical record. DISCUSSION This study offers a broad view of the prevalence and characteristics of psychiatric disorders and the use of psychotropic drugs among patients who want to undergo aesthetic surgery. The prevalence of psychiatric problems in the study population is higher than in the general population (32.25% vs 15.02%). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that plastic surgeons should be properly trained to manage these patients. A multidisciplinary approach involving plastic surgeons, psychiatrists, and psychologists is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Diluiso
- U.O.C. Chirurgia Plastica, Ricostruttiva ed Estetica, Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy
| | | | - Stephen Goulliart
- From the Hôpital Erasme (Bruxelles, Belgium), Service de Chirurgie Plastique
| | - Michela Schettino
- From the Hôpital Erasme (Bruxelles, Belgium), Service de Chirurgie Plastique
| | - Melvin Dziubek
- From the Hôpital Erasme (Bruxelles, Belgium), Service de Chirurgie Plastique
| | - Christella Di Fiore
- Hôpital Erasme (Bruxelles, Belgium), Service de Psychiatrie, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Marie Delhaye
- Hôpital Erasme (Bruxelles, Belgium), Service de Psychiatrie, Bruxelles, Belgium
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24
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Lovik A, González-Hijón J, Hoffart A, Fawns-Ritchie C, Magnúsdóttir I, Lu L, Unnarsdóttir AB, Kähler AK, Campbell A, Hauksdóttir A, Chourpiliadis C, McCartney DL, Thordardóttir EB, Joyce EE, Frans EM, Jakobsdóttir J, Trogstad L, Andreassen OA, Magnus P, Johnson SU, Sullivan PF, Aspelund T, Porteous DJ, Ask H, Ebrahimi OV, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Fang F. Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety among family members and friends of critically ill COVID-19 patients - an observational study of five cohorts across four countries. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023; 33:100733. [PMID: 37953992 PMCID: PMC10636287 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Little is known regarding the mental health impact of having a significant person (family member and/or close friend) with COVID-19 of different severity. Methods The study included five prospective cohorts from four countries (Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the UK) with self-reported data on COVID-19 and symptoms of depression and anxiety during March 2020-March 2022. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) of depression and anxiety in relation to having a significant person with COVID-19 and performed a longitudinal analysis in the Swedish cohort to describe temporal patterns. Findings 162,237 and 168,783 individuals were included in the analysis of depression and anxiety, respectively, of whom 24,718 and 27,003 reported a significant person with COVID-19. Overall, the PR was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.05-1.10) for depression and 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03-1.13) for anxiety in relation to having a significant person with COVID-19. The respective PRs for depression and anxiety were 1.15 (95% CI: 1.08-1.23) and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.14-1.34) if the patient was hospitalized, 1.42 (95% CI: 1.27-1.57) and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.31-1.60) if the patient was ICU-admitted, and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.22-1.46) and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.22-1.51) if the patient died. Individuals with a significant person with hospitalized, ICU-admitted, or fatal COVID-19 showed elevated prevalence of depression and anxiety during the entire year after the COVID-19 diagnosis. Interpretation Family members and close friends of critically ill COVID-19 patients show persistently elevated prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Funding This study was primarily supported by NordForsk (COVIDMENT, 105668) and Horizon 2020 (CoMorMent, 847776).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Lovik
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Methodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Juan González-Hijón
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asle Hoffart
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Division of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Ingibjörg Magnúsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Li Lu
- Health Management and Policy Institute, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Bára Unnarsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna K. Kähler
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Arna Hauksdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Charilaos Chourpiliadis
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel L. McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Edda Björk Thordardóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mental Health Services, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emily E. Joyce
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma M. Frans
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jóhanna Jakobsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lill Trogstad
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Urnes Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - David J. Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Helga Ask
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Omid V. Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Unnur Anna Valdimarsdóttir
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Hung A, Maciejewski ML, Berkowitz TSZ, Arterburn DE, Mitchell JE, Bradley KA, Kimbrel NA, Smith VA. Bariatric Surgery and Suicide Risk in Patients With Obesity. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e760-e765. [PMID: 36805965 PMCID: PMC10440362 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a large multisite cohort of Veterans who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, we compared the 5-year suicidal ideation and attempt rates with matched nonsurgical controls. BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery has significant health benefits but has also been associated with adverse mental health outcomes. METHODS Five-year rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts of Veterans who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from the fiscal year 2000-2016 to matched nonsurgical controls using sequential stratification using cumulative incidence functions (ideation cohort: n=38,199; attempt cohort: n=38,661 after excluding patients with past-year outcome events). Adjusted differences in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were estimated using a Cox regression with a robust sandwich variance estimator. RESULTS In the matched cohorts for suicidal ideation analyses, the mean age was 53.47 years and the majority were males (78.7%) and White (77.7%). Over 40% were treated for depression (41.8%), had a nonrecent depression diagnosis (40.9%), and 4.1% had past suicidal ideation or suicide attempts >1 year before index. Characteristics of the suicide attempt cohort were similar. Regression results found that risk of suicidal ideation was significantly higher for surgical patients (adjusted hazard ratio=1.21, 95% CI: 1.03-1.41), as was risk of suicide attempt (adjusted hazard ratio=1.62, 95% CI: 1.22-2.15). CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery appears to be associated with a greater risk of suicidal ideation and attempts than nonsurgical treatment of patients with severe obesity, suggesting that patients need careful monitoring for suicidal ideation and additional psychological support after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hung
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Matthew L. Maciejewski
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Theodore S. Z. Berkowitz
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - David E. Arterburn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle
| | - James E. Mitchell
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Katharine A. Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Valerie A. Smith
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
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26
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Maturana‐Quijada P, Steward T, Vilarrasa N, Miranda‐Olivos R, Jiménez‐Murcia S, Carey HJ, Fernández‐Formoso J, Guerrero‐Perez F, Sánchez I, Custal N, Virgili N, Lopez‐Urdiales R, Soriano‐Mas C, Fernandez‐Aranda F. Dynamic fronto-amygdalar interactions underlying emotion-regulation deficits in women at higher weight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2283-2293. [PMID: 37545191 PMCID: PMC10946850 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The regulation of negative emotions entails the modulation of subcortical regions, such as the amygdala, by prefrontal regions. There is preliminary evidence suggesting that individuals at higher weight may present with hypoactivity in prefrontal regulatory systems during emotional regulation, although the directionality of these pathways has not been tested. In this study, we compared fronto-amygdalar effective connectivity during cognitive reappraisal as a function of BMI in 48 adult women with obesity and 54 control participants. METHODS Dynamic causal modeling and parametric empirical Bayes were used to map effective connectivity between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the amygdala. RESULTS Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale scores were higher in the obesity group compared with control participants (p < 0.001). A top-down cortical model best explained our functional magnetic resonance imaging data (posterior probability = 86%). Participants at higher BMI were less effective at inhibiting activity in the amygdala via the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during reappraisal compared with those at lower BMI. In contrast, increased excitatory modulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-to-amygdalar connectivity was found in participants at lower BMI. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a framework involving alterations in fronto-amygdalar connectivity contributing to difficulties in regulating negative affect in individuals at higher weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Maturana‐Quijada
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d’ Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionBellvitge University Hospital–IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Romina Miranda‐Olivos
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d' Investigacio Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Susana Jiménez‐Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d' Investigacio Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Clinical Psychology UnitBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
| | - Holly J. Carey
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Fernando Guerrero‐Perez
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionBellvitge University Hospital–IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d' Investigacio Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
- Clinical Psychology UnitBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nuria Custal
- Clinical Psychology UnitBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nuria Virgili
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionBellvitge University Hospital–IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rafael Lopez‐Urdiales
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionBellvitge University Hospital–IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carles Soriano‐Mas
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d’ Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
- Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, School of PsychologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Fernando Fernandez‐Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d' Investigacio Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Clinical Psychology UnitBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
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27
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Rukadikar C, Shah CJ, Raju A, Popat S, Josekutty R. The Influence of Obesity on Cognitive Functioning Among Healthcare Professionals: A Comprehensive Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e42926. [PMID: 37667717 PMCID: PMC10475152 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive body fat, or obesity, is a worldwide epidemic and a major contributor to the development of dementia. Aim The research aimed to determine how obesity affected healthcare professionals' memory performance. Materials and Method A total of 474 participants (both male and female) were recruited in this study by random sampling method from three different health institutions. Participants were categorized into overweight, normal weight, and obese groups based on their body mass index (BMI) as per the WHO guidelines and for body fat participants. The memory function test was done using the Gilewski MJ scale. General frequency of forgetting, mnemonic usage, retrospective functioning, and seriousness of forgetting were measured and compared across the BMI and %body fat groups. Results The percentage of body fat of males and females was 38.19% and 42.26%. Statistically, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed among the male and female BMI and percentage of body fat. The results showed that there was a significant difference between memory scale parameters and percentage BMI. Statistically, a significant difference was observed in the level of general frequency of forgetting among participants with different percentages of BMI (p<0.05). Similar, results were also observed in the level of seriousness of forgetting, retrospective functioning, and mnemonics usage with different % BMI (p<0.05). The findings showed a positive correlation between BMI and %body fat on the scale of general frequency of forgetting and seriousness of forgetting whereas, a negative correlation was observed on the scale of retrospective functioning and mnemonics usage. Conclusion Memory loss is one of the disorders that obesity is linked to more frequently. A focus on keeping a healthy weight may help prevent the development of future diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aruna Raju
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Kalyani, IND
| | - Sarthak Popat
- Medicine and Surgery, Zydus Medical College & Hospital, Dahod, IND
| | - Rocelyn Josekutty
- Medicine and Surgery, Zydus Medical College and Hospital, Dahod, IND
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28
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Islam MK, Islam MR, Rahman MH, Islam MZ, Hasan MM, Mamun MMI, Moni MA. Integrated bioinformatics and statistical approach to identify the common molecular mechanisms of obesity that are linked to the development of two psychiatric disorders: Schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0276820. [PMID: 37494308 PMCID: PMC10370737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease characterized by the accumulation of body fat and serves as a gateway to a number of metabolic-related diseases. Epidemiologic data indicate that Obesity is acting as a risk factor for neuro-psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depression disorder and vice versa. However, how obesity may biologically interact with neurodevelopmental or neurological psychiatric conditions influenced by hereditary, environmental, and other factors is entirely unknown. To address this issue, we have developed a pipeline that integrates bioinformatics and statistical approaches such as transcriptomic analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and molecular mechanisms in patients with psychiatric disorders that are also common in obese patients. Biomarker genes expressed in schizophrenia, major depression, and obesity have been used to demonstrate such relationships depending on the previous research studies. The highly expressed genes identify commonly altered signalling pathways, gene ontology pathways, and gene-disease associations across disorders. The proposed method identified 163 significant genes and 134 significant pathways shared between obesity and schizophrenia. Similarly, there are 247 significant genes and 65 significant pathways that are shared by obesity and major depressive disorder. These genes and pathways increase the likelihood that psychiatric disorders and obesity are pathogenic. Thus, this study may help in the development of a restorative approach that will ameliorate the bidirectional relation between obesity and psychiatric disorder. Finally, we also validated our findings using genome-wide association study (GWAS) and whole-genome sequence (WGS) data from SCZ, MDD, and OBE. We confirmed the likely involvement of four significant genes both in transcriptomic and GWAS/WGS data. Moreover, we have performed co-expression cluster analysis of the transcriptomic data and compared it with the results of transcriptomic differential expression analysis and GWAS/WGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khairul Islam
- Dept. of Information Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rakibul Islam
- Dept. of Information Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Dept. of Computer Science Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- Dept. of Information Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mainul Islam Mamun
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, Bangladesh
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29
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Genario R, Gil S, Oliveira-Júnior G, Leitão AE, Franco T, Dos Santos Sales RC, Ferriolli E, Busse AL, Filho WJ, Gualano B, Roschel H. Sleep quality is a predictor of muscle mass, strength, quality of life, anxiety and depression in older adults with obesity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11256. [PMID: 37438429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate associations between sleep quality with selected quantitative and qualitative parameters of health in older individuals with obesity. Cross-sectional assessment (n = 95 men/women; ≥ 65 years; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) of sleep quality, body composition, handgrip strength, quality-of-life, anxiety/depression. Mean PSQI score was 6.3. Poor sleepers (n = 49) presented lower appendicular lean mass (ALM) (16.2 vs 17.8 kg; p = 0.0273), ALM/BMI (0.47 vs 0.53 kg/BMI; p = 0.0085), fat mass (48.6 vs 46.6%; p = 0.0464), handgrip strength (19.7 vs 22.0 kgf; p = 0.0542) and handgrip/BMI (0.57 vs 0.66 kgf/BMI; p = 0.0242) than good sleepers. They also had higher anxiety (8.6 vs 5.6; p = 0.0100) and depression (4.8 vs 3.2; p = 0.0197) scores, worse health-related quality-of-life and lower scores in mental (62.8 vs 73.0; p = 0.0223) and physical (52.9 vs 67.3; p = 0.0015) domains. Adjusted models showed that PSQI was negatively associated with ALM (β = - 0.13, 95% CI - 0.25; - 0.01) and health-related quality of life on physical (β = - 2.76, 95% CI - 3.82; - 1.70) and mental (β = - 2.25, 95% CI - 3.38; - 1.12) domains, and positively associated with anxiety (β = 0.57; 95% CI 0.26; 0.87) and depression (β = 0.31; 95% CI 0.13; 0.49). Poor sleep quality associates with impaired selected quantitative and qualitative parameters of health. Additionally, sleep quality was shown as an independent predictor of ALM, health-related quality-of-life, anxiety and depression in older individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Genario
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Clinical Hospital, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saulo Gil
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Clinical Hospital, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gersiel Oliveira-Júnior
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Clinical Hospital, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Erwig Leitão
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Clinical Hospital, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tathiane Franco
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Clinical Hospital, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruan Célio Dos Santos Sales
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Clinical Hospital, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Division of Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine-Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Leopold Busse
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Serviço de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob Filho
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Serviço de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Clinical Hospital, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Rheumatology Division, Clinical Hospital, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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30
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Hany M, Aboudeeb MF, Shapiro-Koss C, Agayby ASS, Torensma B. Safety and Effect of Bariatric Metabolic Surgeries for Psychiatric Patients with Obesity: A Retrospective Matched Case-control Trial. Obes Surg 2023; 33:2115-2124. [PMID: 37178224 PMCID: PMC10289947 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients living with psychiatric illnesses (PIs) have a high prevalence of obesity. In a 2006 survey, 91.2% of professionals in the bariatric field identified "psychiatric issues" as clear contraindications to weight-loss surgery. METHODS This retrospective matched case-control study investigated the impact, safety, and possible relapse after bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS) in patients with PIs. Also, we tested the incidence of patients who developed PI after BMS and compared the post-procedural weight loss with that in a matched control group without PIs. The cases were matched in a ratio of 1:4 to the control patients standardized for age, sex, preoperative BMI, and type of BMS. RESULTS Of 5987 patients, 2.82% had a preoperative PI; postoperative de novo PI was present in 0.45%. Postoperative BMI was significantly different between the groups when compared to preoperative BMI (p < 0.001). Percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) after six months was not significantly different between the case (24.6% ± 8.9) and control groups (24.0% ± 8.4, p = 1.000). Early and late complications were not significantly different between the groups. The psychiatric drug use and dosage changes did not differ significantly pre- and postoperatively. Of the psychiatric patients, 5.1% were postoperatively admitted to a psychiatric hospital (p = 0.06) unrelated to BMS, and 3.4% had a prolonged absence from work after surgery. CONCLUSION BMS is an effective weight loss treatment and a safe procedure for patients with psychiatric disorders. We found no change in the patients' psychiatric status outside the usual disease course. Postoperative de novo PI was rare in the present study. Furthermore, patients with severe psychiatric illness were excluded from undergoing surgery and, therefore, from the study. Careful follow-up is necessary to guide and protect patients with PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hany
- Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Horreya Avenue, Hadara, 21561, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Consultant of Bariatric Surgery at Madina Women's Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Ann Samy Shafiq Agayby
- Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Horreya Avenue, Hadara, 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bart Torensma
- Clinical Epidemiologist, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Guan M, Dong TS, Subramanyam V, Guo Y, Bhatt RR, Vaughan A, Barry RL, Gupta A. Improved psychosocial measures associated with physical activity may be explained by alterations in brain-gut microbiome signatures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10332. [PMID: 37365200 PMCID: PMC10293244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes to physical comorbidities and mental health consequences. We explored whether physical activity could influence more than metabolic regulation and result in psychological benefits through the brain-gut microbiome (BGM) system in a population with high BMI. Fecal samples were obtained for 16 s rRNA profiling and fecal metabolomics, along with psychological and physical activity questionnaires. Whole brain resting-state functional MRI was acquired, and brain connectivity metrics were calculated. Higher physical activity was significantly associated with increased connectivity in inhibitory appetite control brain regions, while lower physical activity was associated with increased emotional regulation network connections. Higher physical activity was also associated with microbiome and metabolite signatures protective towards mental health and metabolic derangements. The greater resilience and coping, and lower levels of food addiction seen with higher physical activity, may be explained by BGM system differences. These novel findings provide an emphasis on the psychological and resilience benefits of physical activity, beyond metabolic regulation and these influences seem to be related to BGM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tien S Dong
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vishvak Subramanyam
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yiming Guo
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ravi R Bhatt
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Allison Vaughan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Robert L Barry
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arpana Gupta
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, USA.
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, USA.
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32
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Dadkhah M, Jafarzadehgharehziaaddin M, Molaei S, Akbari M, Gholizadeh N, Fathi F. Major depressive disorder: biomarkers and biosensors. Clin Chim Acta 2023:117437. [PMID: 37315724 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Depressive disorders belong to highly heterogeneous psychiatric diseases. Loss of in interest in previously enjoyed activities and a depressed mood are the main characteristics of major depressive disorder (MDD). Moreover, due to significant heterogeneity in clinical presentation and lack of applicable biomarkers, diagnosis and treatment remains challenging. Identification of relevant biomarkers would allow for improved disease classification and more personalized treatment strategies. Herein, we review the current state of these biomarkers and then discuss diagnostic techniques of aimed to specifically target these analytes using state of the art biosensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Molaei
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neghin Gholizadeh
- Students Research Committee, Health School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fathi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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33
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Komleva PD, Alhalabi G, Izyurov AE, Khotskin NV, Kulikov AV. Effects of the Combination of the C1473G Mutation in the Tph2 Gene and Lethal Yellow Mutations in the Raly-Agouti Locus on Behavior, Brain 5-HT and Melanocortin Systems in Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:963. [PMID: 37371543 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is the key and rate-limited enzyme of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in the brain. The C1473G mutation in the Tph2 gene results in a two-fold decrease in enzyme activity in the mouse brain. The lethal yellow (AY) mutation in the Raly-Agouti locus results in the overexpression of the Agouti gene in the brain and causes obesity and depressive-like behavior in mice. Herein, the possible influences of these mutations and their combination on body mass, behavior, brain 5-HT and melanocortin systems in mice of the B6-1473CC/aa. B6-1473CC/AYa, B6-1473GG/aa are investigated. B6-1473GG/AYa genotypes were studied. The 1473G and AY alleles increase the activity of TPH2 and the expression of the Agouti gene, respectively, but they do not alter 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels or the expression of the genes Tph2, Maoa, Slc6a4, Htr1a, Htr2a, Mc3r and Mc4r in the brain. The 1473G allele attenuates weight gain and depressive-like immobility in the forced swim test, while the AY allele increases body weight gain and depressive-like immobility. The combination of these alleles results in hind limb dystonia in the B6-1473GG/AYa mice. This is the first evidence for the interaction between the C1473G and AY mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyna D Komleva
- Department of Psychoneuropharmacology, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetic Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ghofran Alhalabi
- Department of Genetic Collections of Neural Disorders, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetic Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Arseniy E Izyurov
- Department of Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetic Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V Khotskin
- Department of Genetic Collections of Neural Disorders, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetic Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Kulikov
- Department of Genetic Collections of Neural Disorders, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetic Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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34
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Fields L, Roberts W, Schwing I, McCoy M, Verplaetse T, Peltier M, Carretta R, Zakiniaeiz Y, Rosenheck R, McKee S. Examining the relationship of concurrent obesity and tobacco use disorder on the development of substance use disorders and psychiatric conditions: Findings from the NESARC-III. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2023; 7:100162. [PMID: 37159814 PMCID: PMC10163607 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Multimorbidity is linked to worse health outcomes than single health conditions. However, recent studies show that obesity may reduce the risk of developing substance use disorders (SUDs), particularly in vulnerable populations. We investigated how comorbid obesity and tobacco use disorder (TUD) relate to the risk of SUDs and psychiatric conditions. Methods Data was used from 36,309 individuals who completed the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions - Wave III. Individuals who met the DSM-5 criteria for TUD in the last year were defined as the TUD group. Obesity was defined as having a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2. Using this information, individuals were grouped into categories, with people being identified as either having obesity, TUD, both obesity and TUD, or not having either obesity or TUD (comparison). Groups were compared against their comorbid diagnoses of either an additional SUD or psychiatric conditions. Results Controlling for demographic characteristics, we found that individuals with obesity including those individuals with TUD, had lower rates of comorbid SUD diagnosis than individuals with TUD alone. Additionally, individuals with combined TUD and obesity, and those with TUD alone, had the highest rates of comorbid psychiatric disorder diagnosis. Conclusions The current study aligns with previous research suggesting that obesity may reduce risk of substance use disorders, even in individuals who have other risk factors promoting harmful substance use (e.g., tobacco use). These findings may inform targeted intervention strategies for this clinically relevant subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.J. Fields
- Department of Psychology, Arcadia University, 450 S Easton Rd, Glenside, PA 19038, United States
| | - W. Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - I. Schwing
- Department of Psychology, Arcadia University, 450 S Easton Rd, Glenside, PA 19038, United States
| | - M. McCoy
- Department of Psychology, Arcadia University, 450 S Easton Rd, Glenside, PA 19038, United States
| | - T.L. Verplaetse
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - M.R. Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, United States
| | - R.F. Carretta
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Y. Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - R. Rosenheck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, United States
| | - S.A. McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
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35
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Park HJ, Rhie SJ, Shim I. The effects of physical exercise therapy on weight control: its regulation of adipocyte physiology and metabolic capacity. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:141-148. [PMID: 37435589 PMCID: PMC10331143 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2346232.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors associated with increased body mass, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, vascular endothelial dysfunction and sleep disorders, may contribute to the exacerbation of cardiovascular disease. These health problems associated with obesity are caused by accumulated metabolism and physical and emotional stress. Lifestyle, especially exercise, is a major therapeutic strategy for the treatment and management of obesity-induced metabolic problems. Metabolic disease often co-occurs with abdominal obesity. Exercise is necessary for the treatment of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A potential benefit of exercise is to promote fat burning and energy use increases both during exercise itself and in the post-exercise period. Exercise suppresses basal metabolic rate and also has many health benefits. Why should we exercise to lose weight? Does physical activity help lower blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood sugar? In this article, we review the positive effects of physical exercise on weight maintenance and weight loss, and the effectiveness of physical exercise on the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon,
Korea
| | - Sung Ja Rhie
- Department of Beauty Design, Halla University, Wonju,
Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
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Luck-Sikorski C, Hochrein R, Döllinger N, Wienrich C, Gemesi K, Holzmann S, Holzapfel C, Weinberger NA. Digital communication and virtual reality for extending the behavioural treatment of obesity - the patients' perspective: results of an online survey in Germany. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:100. [PMID: 37226164 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CBT has been found effective for the treatment of EDs and obesity. However not all patients achieve clinically significant weight loss and weight regain is common. In this context, technology-based interventions can be used to enhance traditional CBT but are not yet widespread. This survey therefore explores the status quo of pathways of communication between patients and therapists, the use of digital applications for therapy as well as attitudes towards VR from the perspective of patients with obesity in Germany. METHODS This cross-sectional online survey was conducted in October 2020. Participants were recruited digitally through social media, obesity associations and self-help groups. The standardized questionnaire included items concerning current treatment, paths of communication with their therapists, and attitudes toward VR. The descriptive analyses were performed with Stata. RESULTS The 152 participants were mostly female (90%), had a mean age of 46.5 years (SD = 9.2) and an average BMI of 43.0 kg/m² (SD = 8.4). Face-to-face communication with their therapist was considered of high importance in current treatment (M = 4.30; SD = 0.86) and messenger apps were the most frequently used digital application for communication. Participants were mostly neutral regarding the inclusion of VR methods in obesity treatment (M = 3.27; SD = 1.19). Only one participant had already used VR glasses as part of treatment. Participants considered VR suitable for exercises promoting body image change (M = 3.40; SD = 1.02). DISCUSSION Technological approaches in obesity therapy are not widespread. Face-to-face communication remains the most important setting for treatment. Participants had low familiarity with VR but a neutral to positive attitude toward the technology. Further studies are needed to provide a clearer picture of potential treatment barriers or educational needs and to facilitate the transfer of developed VR systems into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Luck-Sikorski
- Research Group "Chronic Diseases and Psychological Health" (COPE), SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, Neue Str. 28-30, 07548, Gera, Germany.
| | - Regine Hochrein
- Research Group "Chronic Diseases and Psychological Health" (COPE), SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, Neue Str. 28-30, 07548, Gera, Germany
| | - Nina Döllinger
- Human-Technology-Systems, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Wienrich
- Human-Technology-Systems, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gemesi
- School of Medicine, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Holzmann
- School of Medicine, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- School of Medicine, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Natascha-Alexandra Weinberger
- Research Group "Chronic Diseases and Psychological Health" (COPE), SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, Neue Str. 28-30, 07548, Gera, Germany
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Guglielmi V, Bettini S, Sbraccia P, Busetto L, Pellegrini M, Yumuk V, Colao AM, El Ghoch M, Muscogiuri G. Beyond Weight Loss: Added Benefits Could Guide the Choice of Anti-Obesity Medications. Curr Obes Rep 2023:10.1007/s13679-023-00502-7. [PMID: 37209215 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight the added benefits of approved and upcoming, centrally-acting, anti-obesity drugs, focusing not only on the most common metabolic and cardiovascular effects but also on their less explored clinical benefits and drawbacks, in order to provide clinicians with a tool for more comprehensive, pharmacological management of obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity is increasingly prevalent worldwide and has become a challenge for healthcare systems and societies. Reduced life expectancy and cardiometabolic complications are some of the consequences of this complex disease. Recent insights into the pathophysiology of obesity have led to the development of several promising pharmacologic targets, so that even more effective drugs are on the horizon. The perspective of having a wider range of treatments increases the chance to personalize therapy. This primarily has the potential to take advantage of the long-term use of anti-obesity medication for safe, effective and sustainable weight loss, and to concomitantly address obesity complications/comorbidities when already established. The evolving scenario of the availability of anti-obesity drugs and the increasing knowledge of their added effects on obesity complications will allow clinicians to move into a new era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guglielmi
- Dept. of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine Unit - Obesity Center, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettini
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Internal Medicine 3, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- Dept. of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine Unit - Obesity Center, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Busetto
- Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Internal Medicine 3, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121, Modena, Italy
| | - Volkan Yumuk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Anna Maria Colao
- Italian Centre for the Care and Well-Being of Patients With Obesity (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Diabetologia E Andrologia, Unità Di Endocrinologia, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Diabetologia E Andrologia, Unità Di Endocrinologia, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Grover L, Sklioutovskaya-Lopez K, Parkman JK, Wang K, Hendricks E, Adams-Duffield J, Kim JH. Diet, sex, and genetic predisposition to obesity and type 2 diabetes modulate motor and anxiety-related behaviors in mice, and alter cerebellar gene expression. Behav Brain Res 2023; 445:114376. [PMID: 36868363 PMCID: PMC10065959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are serious health problems linked to neurobehavioral alterations. We compared motor function, anxiety-related behavior, and cerebellar gene expression in TALLYHO/Jng (TH), a polygenic model prone to insulin resistance, obesity, and T2D, and normal C57BL/6 J (B6) mice. Male and female mice were weaned onto chow or high fat (HF) diet at 4 weeks of age (wk), and experiments conducted at young (5 wk) and old (14 - 20 wk) ages. In the open field, distance traveled was significantly lower in TH (vs. B6). For old mice, anxiety-like behavior (time in edge zone) was significantly increased for TH (vs B6), females (vs males), and for both ages HF diet (vs chow). In Rota-Rod testing, latency to fall was significantly shorter in TH (vs B6). For young mice, longer latencies to fall were observed for females (vs males) and HF (vs chow). Grip strength in young mice was greater in TH (vs B6), and there was a diet-strain interaction, with TH on HF showing increased strength, whereas B6 on HF showed decreased strength. For older mice, there was a strain-sex interaction, with B6 males (but not TH males) showing increased strength compared to the same strain females. There were significant sex differences in cerebellar mRNA levels, with Tnfα higher, and Glut4 and Irs2 lower in females (vs males). There were significant strain effects for Gfap and Igf1 mRNA levels with lower in TH (vs B6). Altered cerebellar gene expression may contribute to strain differences in coordination and locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Grover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | | | - Jacaline K Parkman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Katherine Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Emily Hendricks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jessica Adams-Duffield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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39
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Fang YY, Lee JI, Wu NY, Chang CI, Huang MC, Lee CY, Huang JY, Lee GGC, Chen CS. Effect of a novel telehealth device for dietary cognitive behavioral intervention in overweight or obesity care. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6441. [PMID: 37081127 PMCID: PMC10116097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a major public health issue which relate to numerous physical problems and highly comorbid with depression and anxiety. Recently, some studies of technology-based interventions for weight reduction emerged to overcome the barriers from time, cost and distance. Mood component and eating behavior related to obesity are less discussed so far with technology-based intervention though. This pilot study was aimed to investigate the effect of telehealth assisted intervention on weight reduction, mood status, and eating behavior change under a smartphone application (app) with novel 3D food picture recognition and incorporated with cognitive behavioral training programs. Adult aged 30-60 years old with overweight were recruited and randomly assigned to control-first group and intervention-first group. In period 1, control-first group had regular life and intervention-first group underwent app intervention; in period 2, two groups went crossover. Body composition and psychological/behavioral questionnaires were collected at baseline, end of period 1, and end of period 2. Nonparametric statistics was performed for data analyzing. A total of 20 participants were enrolled. In control-first group, there were statistically significant reduction in body weight (- 0.55 kg, p = 0.02) and change of body weight percentage (- 0.6%, p = 0.02) after App use. In intervention-first group, the fat percentage decreased by 0.4% after App use in period 1, and increased by 0.05% in period 2. The integrated crossover data revealed that subjects of App group had significant improvements in mindful eating behavior. This pilot study showed the effectiveness in using CogniNU app for weight control and eating behavior. The difference of short-term and long-term effectiveness of technology-based weight control intervention deserves more investigation in the future.Clinical Trial Registration: ISRCTN16082909.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ya Fang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-In Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Nai-Yuan Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-I Chang
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chuan Huang
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Lee
- Division of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yen Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo Giun Chris Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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40
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Brooks SJ, Smith C, Stamoulis C. Excess BMI in early adolescence adversely impacts maturating functional circuits supporting high-level cognition and their structural correlates. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023:10.1038/s41366-023-01303-7. [PMID: 37012426 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Adverse effects of excess BMI (affecting 1 in 5 children in the US) on brain circuits during neurodevelopmentally vulnerable periods are incompletely understood. This study investigated BMI-related alterations in maturating functional networks and their underlying brain structures, and high-level cognition in early adolescence. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cross-sectional resting-state fMRI, structural sMRI, neurocognitive task scores, and BMI from 4922 youth [median (IQR) age = 120.0 (13.0) months, 2572 females (52.25%)] from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort were analyzed. Comprehensive topological and morphometric network properties were estimated from fMRI and sMRI, respectively. Cross-validated linear regression models assessed correlations with BMI. Results were reproduced across multiple fMRI datasets. RESULTS Almost 30% of youth had excess BMI, including 736 (15.0%) with overweight and 672 (13.7%) with obesity, and statistically more Black and Hispanic compared to white, Asian and non-Hispanic youth (p < 0.01). Those with obesity or overweight were less physically active, slept less than recommended, snored more frequently, and spent more time using an electronic device (p < 0.01). They also had lower topological efficiency, resilience, connectivity, connectedness and clustering in Default-Mode, dorsal attention, salience, control, limbic, and reward networks (p ≤ 0.04, Cohen's d: 0.07-0.39). Lower cortico-thalamic efficiency and connectivity were estimated only in youth with obesity (p < 0.01, Cohen's d: 0.09-0.19). Both groups had lower cortical thickness, volume and white matter intensity in these networks' constituent structures, particularly anterior cingulate, entorhinal, prefrontal, and lateral occipital cortices (p < 0.01, Cohen's d: 0.12-0.30), which also mediated inverse relationships between BMI and regional functional topologies. Youth with obesity or overweight had lower scores in a task measuring fluid reasoning - a core aspect of cognitive function, which were partially correlated with topological changes (p ≤ 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Excess BMI in early adolescence may be associated with profound aberrant topological alterations in maturating functional circuits and underdeveloped brain structures that adversely impact core aspects of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar J Brooks
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Calli Smith
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Stamoulis
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA, USA.
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41
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Franklin J, Sim KA, Swinbourne JM, Maston G, Manson E, Nelthorpe H, Markovic T, Hocking S. Obesity, lifestyle behaviours and psychological effects of the COVID-19 lockdown: A survey of patients attending a tertiary weight loss clinic. Clin Obes 2023; 13:e12567. [PMID: 36370062 PMCID: PMC9877950 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lockdown measures due to coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) have impacted lifestyle factors. This study aimed to explore whether health and lifestyle behaviours changed during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown among patients with obesity. A specifically designed online survey and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) were administered to patients scheduled to attend a tertiary weight management service between 6 June-12 August 2020. A total of 210 participants completed the survey; mean age (SD) was 52.1 (12.5) years, 69% female and 67% Caucasian. Only 1.4% had tested positive to COVID-19. There was a statistically significant increase in weight pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown, with no sex differences. Most (61.3%) gained weight, 30.4% lost weight and 8.3% maintained. The majority changed their overall purchasing (88.4%) and eating behaviours (91.6%). Two-thirds (64%) reported they did some form of exercise during the lockdown. Of those, exercise declined in 56.8% and increased in 18%. DASS-21 scores were positively correlated to worry about COVID-19, eating fewer core foods and eating more convenient/treat foods and negatively correlated with exercise. The results provide insights into how and why behaviour change occurs during stressful periods like the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there was variability in individual weight trajectories, on average people with obesity gained weight and changed lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Strategies and support for people with obesity are required at these times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Franklin
- Metabolism & Obesity ServiceRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Health and MedicineThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Kyra A. Sim
- Metabolism & Obesity ServiceRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Health and MedicineThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | | | - Gabrielle Maston
- Metabolism & Obesity ServiceRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Elisia Manson
- Metabolism & Obesity ServiceRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Hannah Nelthorpe
- Metabolism & Obesity ServiceRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Tania Markovic
- Metabolism & Obesity ServiceRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Health and MedicineThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Samantha Hocking
- Metabolism & Obesity ServiceRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Health and MedicineThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
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Panda SS, Nayak A, Shah S, Aich P. A Systematic Review on the Association between Obesity and Mood Disorders and the Role of Gut Microbiota. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040488. [PMID: 37110147 PMCID: PMC10144251 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex health condition that increases the susceptibility to developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and numerous other metabolic health issues. The effect of obesity is not just limited to the conditions mentioned above; it is also seen to have a profound impact on the patient’s mental state, leading to the onset of various mental disorders, particularly mood disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanism underlying the crosstalk between obesity and mental disorders. The gut microbiota is vital in regulating and maintaining host physiology, including metabolism and neuronal circuits. Because of this newly developed understanding of gut microbiota role, here we evaluated the published diverse information to summarize the achievement in the field. In this review, we gave an overview of the association between obesity, mental disorders, and the role of gut microbiota there. Further new guidelines and experimental tools are necessary to understand the microbial contribution to regulate a balanced healthy life.
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Sex differences in the relationship between hepatic steatosis, mood and anxiety disorders. J Psychosom Res 2023; 168:111216. [PMID: 36913766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), mental symptoms (mood, anxiety disorders and distress) by sex. METHODS This a cross-sectional study performed in working-age adults from a Health Promotion Center (primary care) in São Paulo, Brazil. Self-reported mental symptoms from rating scales (21-item Beck Anxiety Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and K6 distress scale) were evaluated by hepatic steatosis (NAFLD and ALD). Logistic regression models estimated the association between hepatic steatosis subtypes and mental symptoms by Odds ratios (OR) adjusted by confounders in the total sample and sex stratified. RESULTS Among 7241 participants (70.5% men, median age: 45 years), the frequency of steatosis was of 30.7% (25.1% NAFLD), being higher in men than women (70.5% vs. 29.5%, p < 0.0001), regardless of the steatosis subtype. Metabolic risk factors were similar in both subtypes of steatosis, but not mental symptoms. Overall, NAFLD was inversely associated with anxiety (OR = 0.75, 95%CI 0.63-0.90) and positively associated with depression (OR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.00-1.38). On the other hand, ALD was positively associated with anxiety (OR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.15-2.00). In sex-stratified analyses, only men presented an association of anxiety symptoms with NAFLD (OR = 0.73; 95%CI 0.60-0.89) and ALD (OR = 1.60; 95%CI 1.18-2.16). CONCLUSIONS The complex association between different types of steatosis (NAFLD and ALD), mood and anxiety disorders indicates the need for a deeper understanding of their common causal pathways.
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Lam BCC, Lim AYL, Chan SL, Yum MPS, Koh NSY, Finkelstein EA. The impact of obesity: a narrative review. Singapore Med J 2023; 64:163-171. [PMID: 36876622 PMCID: PMC10071857 DOI: 10.4103/singaporemedj.smj-2022-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease with a major negative impact on human health. However, people with obesity may not perceive their weight to be a significant problem and less than half of patients with obesity are advised by their physicians to lose weight. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of managing overweight and obesity by discussing the adverse consequences and impact of obesity. In summary, obesity is strongly related to >50 medical conditions, with many of them having evidence from Mendelian randomisation studies to support causality. The clinical, social and economic burdens of obesity are considerable, with these burdens potentially impacting future generations as well. This review highlights the adverse health and economic consequences of obesity and the importance of an urgent and concerted effort towards the prevention and management of obesity to reduce the burden of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chih Chiang Lam
- Family and Community Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital; Integrated Care for Obesity and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Amanda Yuan Ling Lim
- Singapore Association for the Study of Obesity; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Soo Ling Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
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Kambey PA, Kodzo LD, Serojane F, Oluwasola BJ. The bi-directional association between bipolar disorder and obesity: Evidence from Meta and bioinformatics analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:443-452. [PMID: 36806758 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The globally high prevalence of both obesity and bipolar disorder makes the bidirectional relationship between the two disorders a pivotal phenomenon; hence, a meta-analysis to synopsize their co-occurrence is indispensable. Psychotropic-induced obesity has been reported to be an important factor linking bipolar disorder and obesity. Nonetheless, the molecular signature of this connection is perplexing. METHODS Here, we leverage both meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis to provide a conspectus and deduce the molecular signature of obesity in bipolar disease patients following psychotropic treatment. Searches were performed on a diverse collection of databases through June 25, 2020. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to rate the quality of the studies. Analysis of OR, 95% CI, and tests of homogeneity were carried out with STATA software. For the bioinformatics analysis, the LIMMA package which is incorporated into the Gene Expression Omnibus database was used. RESULTS Our search yielded 138 studies, of which 18 fitted our inclusion criteria. Individuals who are obese have an increased risk of developing bipolar disorder (pooled adjusted OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.01-1.62). In a manner analogous to this, the pooled adjusted odds ratio reveals that patients with bipolar disorder have an increased chance of obesity (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.35-2). To deduce the molecular signature of obesity in bipolar disorder patients following psychotropic treatment, three data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE5392, GSE87610, and GSE35977) were integrated and the genes obtained were validated by a cohort of known single nucleotide polymorphism of obesity via direct overlap. Results indicate genes that are activated after psychotropic treatment. Some of these genes are CYBB, C3, OLR1, CX3CR1, C3AR1, CD53, AIF1, LY86, BDNF, ALOX5AP, CXCL10, and the preponderance falls under mesodermal and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The ROC analysis reveals a strong discriminating value between the two groups (UBAP2L AUC = 0.806, p = 1.1e-04, NOVA2 AUC = 0.73, p = 6.7e-03). CONCLUSION Our study shows unequivocal evidence of a bi-directional association between bipolar disorder and obesity, but more crucially, it provides a snapshot of the molecular signature of obesity in bipolar patients as a result of psychotropic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Lalit Dzifa Kodzo
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Nursing and Midwifery Training college, Twifo Praso, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Fattimah Serojane
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolorunduro Janet Oluwasola
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,Departure of computer science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 92, Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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46
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Cuevas AG, Mann FD, Krueger RF. Discrimination Exposure and Polygenic Risk for Obesity in Adulthood: Testing Gene-Environment Correlations and Interactions. Lifestyle Genom 2023; 16:90-97. [PMID: 36750036 PMCID: PMC11078300 DOI: 10.1159/000529527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to discrimination has emerged as a risk factor for obesity. It remains unclear, however, whether the genotype of the individual can modulate the sensitivity or response to discrimination exposure (gene × environment interaction) or increase the likelihood of experiencing discrimination (gene-environment correlation). METHODS This was an observational study of 4,102 white/European Americans in the Health and Retirement Study with self-reported, biological assessments, and genotyped data from 2006 to 2014. Discrimination was operationalized using the average of nine Everyday Discrimination Scale items. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were calculated using the weighted sum of risk alleles based on studies conducted by the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium. RESULTS We found that greater PRS-BMI was significantly associated with more reports of discrimination (β = 0.04 ± 0.02; p = 0.037). Further analysis showed that measured BMI partially mediated the association between PRS-BMI and discrimination. There was no evidence that the association between discrimination and BMI, or the association between discrimination and WC, differed by PRS-BMI or PRS-WC, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that individuals with genetic liability for obesity may experience greater discrimination in their lifetime, consistent with a gene-environment correlation hypothesis. There was no evidence of a gene-environment interaction. More genome-wide association studies in diverse populations are needed to improve generalizability of study findings. In the meantime, prevention and clinical intervention efforts that seek to reduce exposure to all forms of discrimination may help reduce obesity at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo G. Cuevas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, School of Global Public Health, New York University
| | - Frank D. Mann
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventative Medicine, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University
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47
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Hachuła M, Kosowski M, Zielańska K, Basiak M, Okopień B. The Impact of Various Methods of Obesity Treatment on the Quality of Life and Mental Health-A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2122. [PMID: 36767489 PMCID: PMC9915720 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, is one of the most important public health problems. Over one billion people are obese, including 650 million adults, which is 13% of the worldwide population, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Similar to obesity, mental disorders such as depression and anxiety are huge social problems with serious health implications. There are numerous studies proving a strong link between the prevalence of obesity and depressive disorders, and being overweight is also associated with decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Due to the broad negative impact of obesity on a patient's health, proper treatment is crucial. Currently, the literature describes many methods of treatment such as dietary treatment, pharmacotherapy using glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, orlistat, naltrexone/bupropion (NB), or finally bariatric surgery. The most commonly used methods of obesity treatment significantly improve the patient's quality of life and reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety. The aim of our study was to summarize the knowledge about the impact of known and commonly used methods of obesity treatment (e.g., dietary treatment, bariatric surgery, and pharmacological treatment) on mental health and quality of life. For this purpose, we will try to review the current scientific data, originating from international reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Hachuła
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Kosowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kaja Zielańska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Private Health Care Center “ALFA—MED”, Osiedle XXX-lecia 60, 44-386 Wodzisław Śląski, Poland
| | - Marcin Basiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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48
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Kimura Y, Fujishima Y, Nishizawa H, Saito T, Miyazaki Y, Shirahase K, Tokuzawa C, Nagai N, Fukuda S, Maeda K, Maeda N, Doki Y, Shimomura I. Changes in Eating Behaviors and Their Associations with Weight Loss in Japanese Patients Who Underwent Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020353. [PMID: 36678222 PMCID: PMC9866351 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has been established to provide long-term weight loss in severe obesity. In this study, we investigated the factors that affect post-operative weight loss, with a particular focus on changes in eating behaviors. METHODS Time-course changes in body weight and eating behaviors were examined in 49 Japanese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from the first visit to 12 months after surgery. Each eating behavior was evaluated via the questionnaire of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. RESULTS Pre-operative weight reduction mediated by dietary and lifestyle interventions showed significant positive correlations with weight loss outcomes at 12 months after surgery. We observed significant decreases in scores for most of the eating behaviors 12 months after surgery. However, "emotional eating behavior" scores declined temporarily in the early post-operative period of one month but thereafter returned to the pre-operative level at 12 months. Furthermore, increases in the scores for "emotional eating behavior" and "sense of hunger" from 1 to 12 months post-operatively were significantly associated with poor weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the beneficial effects of MBS on obesity-related eating behaviors, as well as highlighting "emotional eating behavior" as requiring particular attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kimura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujishima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(66)-8793732; Fax: +81-(66)-8793739
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
| | - Keiko Shirahase
- Division of Nutrition Management, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chie Tokuzawa
- Division of Nutrition Management, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoko Nagai
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Nutrition Management, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shiro Fukuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Nutrition Management, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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49
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Izyurov AE, Plyusnina AV, Kulikova EA, Kulikov AV, Khotskin NV. Lethal Yellow Mutation Causes Anxiety, Obsessive-compulsive Behavior and Affects the Brain Melanocortin System in Males and Females of Mice. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2023; 24:329-338. [PMID: 36941814 DOI: 10.2174/1389203724666230320145556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain melanocortin system regulates numerous physiological functions and kinds of behavior. The agouti protein inhibits melanocortin receptors in melanocytes. The lethal yellow (AY) mutation puts the Agouti gene under the control of the Raly gene promotor and causes the agouti protein expression in the brain. In the present article, we investigated the effects of the AY mutation on brain mRNA levels of Agouti, Raly, and melanocortin-related genes such as Agrp, Pomc, Mc3r, Mc4r, and their relationship to behavior. METHODS The experiment was performed on 6-month-old males and females of AY/a and a/a (control) mice. Anxiety and obsessive-compulsive behavior were studied in elevated plus-maze and marble- burying tests. The mRNA levels were quantified by qPCR. RESULTS AY mutation caused anxiety in males and obsessive-compulsive behavior in females. Positive correlation between Agouti and Raly genes mRNA levels were shown in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and frontal cortex in AY/a mice. Reduced RNA concentrations of Mc3r and Mc4r genes were found respectively in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex in AY/a males. The Raly gene expression positively correlates with mRNA concentrations of the Mc3r gene in the hypothalamus and the Mc4r gene in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex. CONCLUSION Possible association of obsessive-compulsive behavior with reduced Raly, Mc3r, or Mc4r gene expression is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy E Izyurov
- Department of Genetic Collections of Neural Disorders, Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetic Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Plyusnina
- Department of Genetic Collections of Neural Disorders, Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetic Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elizabeth A Kulikova
- Department of Psychoneuropharmacology, Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetic Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Kulikov
- Department of Genetic Collections of Neural Disorders, Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetic Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V Khotskin
- Department of Genetic Collections of Neural Disorders, Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetic Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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50
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Bergmann NC, Davies MJ, Lingvay I, Knop FK. Semaglutide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: A review. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:18-35. [PMID: 36254579 PMCID: PMC10092086 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing disease associated with multiple complications and a substantial morbidity, mortality and health care burden. Pharmacological treatments for obesity provide a valuable adjunct to lifestyle intervention, which often achieves only limited weight loss that is difficult to maintain. The Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity (STEP) clinical trial programme is evaluating once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg (a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue) in people with overweight or obesity. Across STEP 1, 3, 4 and 8, semaglutide 2.4 mg was associated with mean weight losses of 14.9%-17.4% in individuals with overweight or obesity without type 2 diabetes from baseline to week 68; 69%-79% of participants achieved ≥10% weight loss with semaglutide 2.4 mg (vs. 12%-27% with placebo) and 51%-64% achieved ≥15% weight loss (vs. 5%-13% with placebo). In STEP 5, mean weight loss was -15.2% with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus -2.6% with placebo from baseline to week 104. In STEP 2 (individuals with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes), mean weight loss was -9.6% with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus -3.4% with placebo from baseline to week 68. Improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, including high blood pressure, atherogenic lipids and benefits on physical function and quality of life were seen with semaglutide 2.4 mg. The safety profile of semaglutide 2.4 mg was consistent across trials, primarily gastrointestinal adverse events. The magnitude of weight loss reported in the STEP trials offers the potential for clinically relevant improvement for individuals with obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Chidekel Bergmann
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Ildiko Lingvay
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology and Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Filip K Knop
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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