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Zarembska E, Ślusarczyk K, Wrzosek M. The Implication of a Polymorphism in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene in Homocysteine Metabolism and Related Civilisation Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:193. [PMID: 38203363 PMCID: PMC10779094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key regulatory enzyme in the one-carbon cycle. This enzyme is essential for the metabolism of methionine, folate, and RNA, as well as for the production of proteins, DNA, and RNA. MTHFR catalyses the irreversible conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to its active form, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. Numerous variants of the MTHFR gene have been recognised, among which the C677T variant is the most extensively studied. The C677T polymorphism, which results in the conversion of valine to alanine at codon 222, is associated with reduced activity and an increased thermolability of the enzyme. Impaired MTHFR efficiency is associated with increased levels of homocysteine, which can contribute to increased production of reactive oxygen species and the development of oxidative stress. Homocysteine is acknowledged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, while chronic inflammation serves as the common underlying factor among these issues. Many studies have been conducted to determine whether there is an association between the C677T polymorphism and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and overweight/obesity. There is substantial evidence supporting this association, although several studies have concluded that the polymorphism cannot be reliably used for prediction. This review examines the latest research on MTHFR polymorphisms and their correlation with cardiovascular disease, obesity, and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Zarembska
- Student Scientific Association “Farmakon”, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Ślusarczyk
- Student Scientific Association “Farmakon”, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 17a Kasprzaka St., 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Bourebaba L, Kępska M, Qasem B, Zyzak M, Łyczko J, Klemens M, Mularczyk M, Marycz K. Sex hormone-binding globulin improves lipid metabolism and reduces inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome-affected horses. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1214961. [PMID: 38146533 PMCID: PMC10749534 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1214961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a steadily growing endocrine disorder representing a real challenge in veterinary practice. As a multifactorial condition, EMS is characterized by three main metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance, increased adiposity or obesity and hoof laminitis. Adipose tissue dysfunction is recognized as a core pathophysiological determinant of EMS, as it strongly participates to lipotoxicity and systemic metaflammation, both of which have been closely linked to the development of generalized insulin resistance. Besides, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is an important sex steroids transporters that has been recently proposed as an important metabolic mediator. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify whether SHBG treatment may ameliorate subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolic failure under EMS condition in terms of lipidome homeostasis, lipid metabolism programs, insulin signalling and local inflammation. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were collected post-mortem from healthy (n = 3) and EMS (n = 3) slaughtered horses. SHBG protein has been applied to SAT samples from EMS horses for 24 h at a final concentration of 50 nM, while control groups (healthy and untreated EMS) were cultured in the presence of SHBG-vehicle only. Tissues from all groups were afterwards secured for downstream analysis of gene expression using RT-qPCR, protein levels by Western blot and ELISA assay and lipidomics through GC-MS technique. Obtained results showcased that SHBG intervention efficiently normalized the altered fatty acids (FAs) profiles by lowering the accumulation of saturated and trans FAs, as well as the pro-inflammatory arachidonic and linoleic acids. Moreover, SHBG showed promising value for the regulation of adipocyte lipolysis and engorgement by lowering the levels of perilipin-1. SHBG exerted moderated effect toward SCD1 and FASN enzymes expression, but increased the LPL abundance. Interestingly, SHBG exhibited a negative regulatory effect on pro-adipogenic stimulators and induced higher expression of KLF3, IRF3 and β-catenin, known as strong adipogenesis repressors. Finally, SHBG protein showed remarkable ability in restoring the insulin signal transduction, IR/IRS/Pi3K/AKT phosphorylation events and GLUT4 transporter abundance, and further attenuate pro-inflammatory response by lowering IL-6 tissue levels and targeting the PDIA3/ERK axis. Overall, the obtained data clearly demonstrate the benefice of SHBG treatment in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism in the course of EMS and provide new insights for the development of molecular therapies with potential translational application to human metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martyna Kępska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Badr Qasem
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zyzak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Łyczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Klemens
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malwina Mularczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Wisznia Mała, Poland
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Muthuswamy K, Shanmugamprema D, Subramanian G, Ponnusamy V, Vasanthakumar K, Krishnan V, Palanivelu PR, Rajasekaran S, Subramaniam S. CD36 genetic polymorphism and salivary cues are associated with oleic acid sensitivity and dietary fat intake. NUTR BULL 2023; 48:376-389. [PMID: 37533360 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of research on the combined effects of genetic variations (specifically CD36 SNPs-rs1761667 and rs1527483), dietary food habits (vegetarian or not), and the salivary environment on obesity and taste sensitivity, especially in the Indian population. The current study aims to better understand the relationship between impaired taste perception, fat consumption, higher BMI and obesity development by examining the combined association between CD36 SNPs, oleic acid (OA) detection threshold, and food habits among Indian participants. Furthermore, the relationship between oral fatty acid (FAs) sensitivity and taste physiology factors linked to inflammation and salivary proteins was considered. Participants with the minor allele (AA/AG) of CD36 (in both rs1527483 and rs1761667) consumed more fat, particularly saturated FAs (p = 0.0351). Salivary lipopolysaccharide, which causes inflammation, was significantly greater in non-vegetarians with a higher BMI (p < 0.05), and it exhibited a negative correlation (r = -0.232 and p < 0.05) with Ki67 gene expression, a marker for taste progenitor cells. A positive correlation (r = 0.474, p = 0.04) between TLR4 mRNA levels and the OA detection threshold was also observed. Participants with BMI > 25 kg/m2 had substantially higher TNF-α and IL-6 receptor mRNA expression levels, but there were no significant differences between the vegetarian and non-vegetarian groups. However, salivary CA-VI, which has a buffering capability on the oral environment, was lower in non-vegetarian adults with BMI >25. Thus, it was shown that non-vegetarians with overweight and obesity in India were in at-risk groups for the CD36 SNP (AA/AG at rs1761667 and rs1527483) and had higher levels of inflammatory markers, which exacerbated alterations in food behaviour and physiological changes, indicating their relevance in the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthi Muthuswamy
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Gowtham Subramanian
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vinithra Ponnusamy
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Keerthana Vasanthakumar
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vasanth Krishnan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | | | - Selvakumar Subramaniam
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Roeb E. Interleukin-13 (IL-13)-A Pleiotropic Cytokine Involved in Wound Healing and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12884. [PMID: 37629063 PMCID: PMC10454844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver, as a central metabolic organ, is systemically linked to metabolic-inflammatory diseases. In the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, inflammatory and metabolic interactions between the intestine, liver, and adipose tissue lead to the progression of hepatic steatosis to metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and consecutive MASH-induced fibrosis. Clinical and animal studies revealed that IL-13 might be protective in the development of MASH through both the preservation of metabolic functions and Th2-polarized inflammation in the liver and the adipose tissue. In contrast, IL-13-associated loss of mucosal gut barrier function and IL-13-associated enhanced hepatic fibrosis may contribute to the progression of MASH. However, there are only a few publications on the effect of IL-13 on metabolic diseases and possible therapies to influence them. In this review article, different aspects of IL-13-associated effects on the liver and metabolic liver diseases, which are partly contradictory, are summarized and discussed on the basis of the recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Camaya I, O’Brien B, Donnelly S. How do parasitic worms prevent diabetes? An exploration of their influence on macrophage and β-cell crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1205219. [PMID: 37564976 PMCID: PMC10411736 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1205219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the fastest growing chronic disease globally, with prevalence increasing at a faster rate than heart disease and cancer. While the disease presents clinically as chronic hyperglycaemia, two distinct subtypes have been recognised. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised as an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are destroyed, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) arises due to metabolic insufficiency, in which inadequate amounts of insulin are produced, and/or the actions of insulin are diminished. It is now apparent that pro-inflammatory responses cause a loss of functional β-cell mass, and this is the common underlying mechanism of both T1D and T2D. Macrophages are the central immune cells in the pathogenesis of both diseases and play a major role in the initiation and perpetuation of the proinflammatory responses that compromise β-cell function. Furthermore, it is the crosstalk between macrophages and β-cells that orchestrates the inflammatory response and ensuing β-cell dysfunction/destruction. Conversely, this crosstalk can induce immune tolerance and preservation of β-cell mass and function. Thus, specifically targeting the intercellular communication between macrophages and β-cells offers a unique strategy to prevent/halt the islet inflammatory events underpinning T1D and T2D. Due to their potent ability to regulate mammalian immune responses, parasitic worms (helminths), and their excretory/secretory products, have been examined for their potential as therapeutic agents for both T1D and T2D. This research has yielded positive results in disease prevention, both clinically and in animal models. However, the focus of research has been on the modulation of immune cells and their effectors. This approach has ignored the direct effects of helminths and their products on β-cells, and the modulation of signal exchange between macrophages and β-cells. This review explores how the alterations to macrophages induced by helminths, and their products, influence the crosstalk with β-cells to promote their function and survival. In addition, the evidence that parasite-derived products interact directly with endocrine cells to influence their communication with macrophages to prevent β-cell death and enhance function is discussed. This new paradigm of two-way metabolic conversations between endocrine cells and macrophages opens new avenues for the treatment of immune-mediated metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Xing YJ, Zhang T, Wan SJ, Cheng Y, Zhou SM, Sun Y, Zhang HR, Yao XM, Hua Q, Meng XJ, Zhang Y, Lv K, Li C, Kong X. LncRNA HEM2ATM improves obesity-associated adipose tissues meta-inflammation and insulin resistance by interacting with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U. Clin Immunol 2023; 247:109234. [PMID: 36649749 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complicated metabolic disease characterized by meta-inflammation in adipose tissues. In this study, we explored the roles of a new long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), HEM2ATM, which is highly expressed in adipose tissue M2 macrophages, in modulating obesity-associated meta-inflammation and insulin resistance. HEM2ATM expression decreased significantly in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) obtained from epididymal adipose tissues of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Overexpression of macrophage HEM2ATM improved meta-inflammation and insulin resistance in the adipose tissues of HFD-fed mice. Functionally, HEM2ATM negatively regulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in macrophages. Mechanistically, HEM2ATM bound to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNP U), suppressed hnRNP U translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, hindered the function of cytoplasmic hnRNP U on TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA stabilization, and decreased the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Collectively, HEM2ATM is a novel suppressor of obesity-associated meta-inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Xing
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Si-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xin-Ming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Qiang Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Kun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China; Anhui Province Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China; Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China; Anhui Province Clinical Research Center for Critical Respiratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
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Carbone F, Elia E, Casula M, Bonaventura A, Bertolotto M, Minetti S, Artom N, Camici GG, Contini P, Pontremoli R, Viazzi F, Bertolini S, Pende A, Pisciotta L, Montecucco F, Liberale L. Among biomarkers of neutrophil activity, matrix metalloproteinases 8 independently predicts remission of metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:185-193. [PMID: 36411219 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammation due to the excess of nutrient intake plays an important role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Here, the potential influence of neutrophils and their degranulation markers on MetS improvement upon dietary and behavioral counselling, has been investigated. Specifically, we aimed at investigating their role as potential predictors of metabolic syndrome improvements. METHODS AND RESULTS patients with MetS (n = 127) received behavioral and dietary recommendations before follow-up at 6 months. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)8, MMP9, myeloperoxidase (MPO), tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3 and resistin were tested at baseline. In the whole cohort, baseline levels of proinflammatory MMP8, MMP9 and MPO increased together with the number of MetS criteria. Seventy-three (57%) patients experienced a reduction in MetS-defining criteria at follow-up. With respect to those with no improvement, such individuals showed lower weight and waist circumference at enrolment, less frequent smoking habits, higher levels of triglycerides and lower circulating MMP8. At logistic regression analysis, baseline MMP8 showed negative predictive ability (odds ratio (OR) 0.979 [0.961-0.997]; p = 0.025) against MetS improvement. Such findings hold true even when included in the backward stepwise logistic regression model confirming MMP8 as an independent predictor (OR 0.970 [0.949-0.993]; p = 0.009). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed the predictive ability of MMP8 combined in a model including baseline MetS criteria and waist circumference. Bootstrap resampling analysis internally validated our findings. CONCLUSION Improvement of MetS is independently associated with baseline low MMP-8 levels, suggesting a pivotal role for inflammation in metabolic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Elia
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Casula
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- Medicina Generale 1, Medical Center, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Bertolotto
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Minetti
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nathan Artom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale S. Paolo di Savona, 30 via Genova, 17110 Savona, Italy
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Paola Contini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Pontremoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bertolini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Pende
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy; First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Delpisheh A, Safarzade A. The effect of high-intensity interval training on serum and adipose tissues vaspin levels in rats fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 43:449-453. [PMID: 35796296 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaspin is an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory traits. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue vaspin levels in rats exposed to a diet high in fat and sugar (HFS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into HFS and standard diet (SD) groups. After 12 weeks, each group was divided into sedentary and HIIT groups. HIIT program was performed 3 times/week for 8 weeks. Retroperitoneal adipose tissue, inguinal adipose tissue and serum were collected to analyze vaspin levels. Also, serum glucose and insulin levels, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and retroperitoneal and inguinal fat weights were measured. RESULTS HFS significantly increased weight gain, weight of inguinal (p=0.001) and retroperitoneal fat depots (p<0.001), serum glucose levels (p<0.001) and HOMA-IR (p<0.001). The HIIT was able to decline weight gain and fat mass (p<0.05) but did not affect inguinal and retroperitoneal fat depots' vaspin levels. Eight weeks' HIIT significantly increased serum vaspin (p=0.002) and decreased insulin (p=0.001) levels only in rats fed with SD. CONCLUSIONS Although the HIIT program can cause significantly reducing effects on weight gain and fat depots' weights, it does not effect on circulating and fat depots' vaspin levels in rats fed an HFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Delpisheh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Alireza Safarzade
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.,Athletic Performance and Health Research Center, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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Baz L, Algarni S, Al-thepyani M, Aldairi A, Gashlan H. Lycopene Improves Metabolic Disorders and Liver Injury Induced by a Hight-Fat Diet in Obese Rats. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227736. [PMID: 36431836 PMCID: PMC9699056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is positively related to the development of obesity. Lycopene (LYC) can potentially combat HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in rats. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LYC on metabolic syndrome and assess its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the liver and adipose tissue in rats fed an HFD. Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group Ι (the control group) was fed a normal diet, group ΙΙ (HFD) received an HFD for 16 weeks, and group ΙΙΙ (HFD + LYC) received an HFD for 12 weeks and then LYC (25 mg/kg b.wt) was administered for four weeks. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, lipid profile, liver function biomarkers, and inflammatory markers were determined. The results showed that long-term consumption of an HFD significantly increased weight gain, liver weight, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Rats on an HFD displayed higher levels of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers. Moreover, liver and white adipose tissue histopathological investigations showed that LYC treatment mended the damaged tissue. Overall, LYC supplementation successfully reversed HFD-induced changes and shifts through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, LYC displayed a therapeutic potential to manage obesity and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Baz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Salha Algarni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Al-thepyani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Art, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aldairi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Gashlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Wang X, Lan H, Sun T, Cong P, Xue C, Xu J. Serum metabolomics analysis reveals amelioration effects of sea cucumber ether phospholipids on oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:10134-10146. [PMID: 36106708 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00918h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that sea cucumber ether phospholipids (ether-PLs) can modulate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorders. However, whether this modulation is associated with metabolic pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on HFD-fed mice and the associated metabolism pathways in response to administration with sea cucumber ether-PLs using integrated biochemistry and a metabolomics approach. Biochemistry analysis and histological examinations showed that sea cucumber ether-PLs significantly decreased body weight gain and fat deposition in tissues. PE-P was superior to PC-O in alleviating reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and inflammatory responses (IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1) in the HFD-induced mouse model. Serum metabolomics analysis revealed that it upregulated four metabolites and downregulated twenty-four metabolites compared to those in HFD mice after ether-PL administration. Pathway analysis indicated that sea cucumber ether-PLs alleviate the HFD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by three main metabolic pathways, namely fatty acid metabolism, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) metabolism. Taken together, sea cucumber ether-PLs showed great potential to become a natural functional food against oxidative stress and inflammation caused by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Haohui Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China. .,Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1, Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
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11
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Sinha S, Haque M. Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Ultimatum to Renal Physiology. Cureus 2022; 14:e28944. [PMID: 36111327 PMCID: PMC9462660 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is stated as diminished insulin action regardless of hyperinsulinemia. The usual target organs for insulin activities are the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Hence, the vasculature and kidneys are nonconventional target organs as the impacts of insulin on these are comparatively separate from other conventional target organs. Vasodilation is achieved by raising endothelial nitric oxide (NO) generation by initiating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. In insulin-nonresponsive conditions, this process is defective, and there is increased production of endothelin-1 through the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway, which predominates the NO effects, causing vasoconstriction. Renal tubular cells and podocytes have insulin receptors, and their purposeful importance has been studied, which discloses critical acts of insulin signaling in podocyte survivability and tubular action. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent problem in individuals with hypertension, poor glycemic management, hereditary susceptibility, or glomerular hyperfiltration. DN could be a significant contributing factor to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that results from chronic kidney disease (CKD). IR and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the constituents of syndrome X and are accompanied by CKD progression. IR performs a key part in syndrome X leading to CKD. However, it is indistinct whether IR individually participates in enhancing the threat to CKD advancement rather than CKD complexity. CKD is an extensive public health problem affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The tremendous spread of kidney disease intensifies people’s health impacts related to communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Chronic disease regulator policies do not include CKD at global, local, and/or general levels. Improved knowledge of the character of CKD-associated problems might aid in reforming diagnosis, prevention, and management.
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12
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He Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Hu X. The Key Molecular Mechanisms of Sini Decoction Plus Ginseng Soup to Rescue Acute Liver Failure: Regulating PPARα to Reduce Hepatocyte Necroptosis? J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4763-4784. [PMID: 36032938 PMCID: PMC9417306 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s373903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the improvement effect of Sini Decoction plus Ginseng Soup (SNRS) on the LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver failure (ALF) mouse model and the molecular mechanism of the SNRS effect. Methods To study the protective effect of SNRS on ALF mice, the ICR mice were firstly divided into 4 groups: Control group (vehicle-treated), Model group (LPS/D-GalN), SNRS group (LPS/D-GalN+SNRS), and Silymarin group (LPS/D-GalN+Silymarin), the therapeutic drug was administered by gavage 48h, 24h before, and 10 min after LPS/D-GalN injection. On this basis, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α agonist (WY14643) and inhibitor (GW6471) were added to verify whether the therapeutic mechanism of SNRS is related to its promoting effect on PPARα. The animals are grouped as follows: Control group (vehicle-treated), Model group (LPS/D-GalN+DMSO), SNRS group (LPS/D-GalN+SNRS+DMSO), Inhibitor group (LPS/D-GalN+GW6471), Agonist group (LPS/D-GalN+WY14643), and Inhibitor+SNRS group (LPS/D-GalN+GW6471+SNRS). Results The protective effect of SNRS on the ALF model is mainly reflected in the reduction of serum alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) as well as the ameliorated pathology of the liver tissue. The survival rate of ALF mice treated with SNRS was significantly increased. Further mechanism studies showed that SNRS significantly promoted the protein expression of PPARα and decreased the expression of necroptosis proteins (RIP3, MLKL, p-MLKL) in ALF mice. Reduced necroptosis resulted in decreased HMGB1 release, which in turn inhibited the activation of TLR4-JNK and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways and the expression of NF-κB protein induced by LPS/D-GalN. The expression of CPT1A, a key enzyme involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, was found to be significantly up-regulated in the SNRS treated group, accompanied by an increased adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) level, which may be the relevant mechanism by which SNRS reduces necroptosis. Conclusion The potential therapeutic effect of SNRS on ALF may be through promoting the expression of PPARα and increasing the level of ATP in liver tissue, thereby inhibiting necroptosis of hepatocytes, reducing hepatocyte damage, and improving liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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13
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Johnson H, Yates T, Leedom G, Ramanathan C, Puppa M, van der Merwe M, Tipirneni-Sajja A. Multi-Tissue Time-Domain NMR Metabolomics Investigation of Time-Restricted Feeding in Male and Female Nile Grass Rats. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070657. [PMID: 35888782 PMCID: PMC9321200 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disease resulting from overnutrition is prevalent and rapidly increasing in incidence in modern society. Time restricted feeding (TRF) dietary regimens have recently shown promise in attenuating some of the negative metabolic effects associated with chronic nutrient stress. The purpose of this study is to utilize a multi-tissue metabolomics approach using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to investigate TRF and sex-specific effects of high-fat diet in a diurnal Nile grass rat model. Animals followed a six-week dietary protocol on one of four diets: chow ad libitum, high-fat ad libitum (HF-AD), high-fat early TRF (HF-AM), or high-fat late TRF (HF-PM), and their liver, heart, and white adipose tissues were harvested at the end of the study and were analyzed by NMR. Time-domain complete reduction to amplitude–frequency table (CRAFT) was used to semi-automate and systematically quantify metabolites in liver, heart, and adipose tissues while minimizing operator bias. Metabolite profiling and statistical analysis revealed lipid remodeling in all three tissues and ectopic accumulation of cardiac and hepatic lipids for HF-AD feeding compared to a standard chow diet. Animals on TRF high-fat diet had lower lipid levels in the heart and liver compared to the ad libitum group; however, no significant differences were noted for adipose tissue. Regardless of diet, females exhibited greater amounts of hepatic lipids compared to males, while no consistent differences were shown in adipose and heart. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of performing systematic and time-efficient multi-tissue NMR metabolomics to elucidate metabolites involved in the crosstalk between different metabolic tissues and provides a more holistic approach to better understand the etiology of metabolic disease and the effects of TRF on metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (H.J.); (T.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Thomas Yates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (H.J.); (T.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Gary Leedom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (H.J.); (T.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Chidambaram Ramanathan
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (C.R.); (M.P.); (M.v.d.M.)
| | - Melissa Puppa
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (C.R.); (M.P.); (M.v.d.M.)
| | - Marie van der Merwe
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (C.R.); (M.P.); (M.v.d.M.)
| | - Aaryani Tipirneni-Sajja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (H.J.); (T.Y.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Primary cilia and their effects on immune cell functions and metabolism: a model. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:366-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Modulatory Properties of Food and Nutraceutical Components Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030490. [PMID: 35276849 PMCID: PMC8840562 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are key intracellular multimeric proteins able to initiate the cellular inflammatory signaling pathway. NLRP3 inflammasome represents one of the main protein complexes involved in the development of inflammatory events, and its activity has been largely demonstrated to be connected with inflammatory or autoinflammatory disorders, including diabetes, gouty arthritis, liver fibrosis, Alzheimer’s disease, respiratory syndromes, atherosclerosis, and cancer initiation. In recent years, it has been demonstrated how dietary intake and nutritional status represent important environmental elements that can modulate metabolic inflammation, since food matrices are an important source of several bioactive compounds. In this review, an updated status of knowledge regarding food bioactive compounds as NLRP3 inflammasome modulators is discussed. Several chemical classes, namely polyphenols, organosulfurs, terpenes, fatty acids, proteins, amino acids, saponins, sterols, polysaccharides, carotenoids, vitamins, and probiotics, have been shown to possess NLRP3 inflammasome-modulating activity through in vitro and in vivo assays, mainly demonstrating an anti-NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Plant foods are particularly rich in important bioactive compounds, each of them can have different effects on the pathway of inflammatory response, confirming the importance of the nutritional pattern (food model) as a whole rather than any single nutrient or functional compound.
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16
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Sheikh MH, Errede M, d'Amati A, Khan NQ, Fanti S, Loiola RA, McArthur S, Purvis GSD, O'Riordan CE, Ferorelli D, Dell'Erba A, Kieswich J, Reutelingsperger C, Maiorano E, Yaqoob M, Thiemermann C, Baragetti A, Catapano AL, Norata GD, Marelli-Berg F, Virgintino D, Solito E. Impact of metabolic disorders on the structural, functional, and immunological integrity of the blood-brain barrier: Therapeutic avenues. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22107. [PMID: 34939700 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101297r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has linked the metabolic disease to neurovascular disorders and cognitive decline. Using a murine model of a high-fat high-sugar diet mimicking obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans, we show that pro-inflammatory mediators and altered immune responses damage the blood-brain barrier (BBB) structure, triggering a proinflammatory metabolic phenotype. We find that disruption to tight junctions and basal lamina due to loss of control in the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) causes BBB impairment. Together the disruption to the structural and functional integrity of the BBB results in enhanced transmigration of leukocytes across the BBB that could contribute to an initiation of a neuroinflammatory response through activation of microglia. Using a humanized in vitro model of the BBB and T2DM patient post-mortem brains, we show the translatable applicability of our results. We find a leaky BBB phenotype in T2DM patients can be attributed to a loss of junctional proteins through changes in inflammatory mediators and MMP/TIMP levels, resulting in increased leukocyte extravasation into the brain parenchyma. We further investigated therapeutic avenues to reduce and restore the BBB damage caused by HFHS-feeding. Pharmacological treatment with recombinant annexin A1 (hrANXA1) or reversion from a high-fat high-sugar diet to a control chow diet (dietary intervention), attenuated T2DM development, reduced inflammation, and restored BBB integrity in the animals. Given the rising incidence of diabetes worldwide, understanding metabolic-disease-associated brain microvessel damage is vital and the proposed therapeutic avenues could help alleviate the burden of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha H Sheikh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mariella Errede
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio d'Amati
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy.,Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Noorafza Q Khan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Fanti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rodrigo A Loiola
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, Faculty Jean Perrin, EA 2465, Université d'Artois, Arras, France
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gareth S D Purvis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caroline E O'Riordan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Davide Ferorelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dell'Erba
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Julius Kieswich
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chis Reutelingsperger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Magdi Yaqoob
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy.,S.I.S.A. Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis-Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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17
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microRNAs in Human Adipose Tissue Physiology and Dysfunction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123342. [PMID: 34943849 PMCID: PMC8699244 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a large amount of evidence on the role of microRNA (miRNA) in regulating adipose tissue physiology. Indeed, miRNAs control critical steps in adipocyte differentiation, proliferation and browning, as well as lipolysis, lipogenesis and adipokine secretion. Overnutrition leads to a significant change in the adipocyte miRNOME, resulting in adipose tissue dysfunction. Moreover, via secreted mediators, dysfunctional adipocytes may impair the function of other organs and tissues. However, given their potential to control cell and whole-body energy expenditure, miRNAs also represent critical therapeutic targets for treating obesity and related metabolic complications. This review attempts to integrate present concepts on the role miRNAs play in adipose tissue physiology and obesity-related dysfunction and data from pre-clinical and clinical studies on the diagnostic or therapeutic potential of miRNA in obesity and its related complications.
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18
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Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Coman MM, Tomassoni D, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Botticelli L, Gabrielli MG, Rossolini GM, Di Pilato V, Cecchini C, Amedei A, Silvi S, Verdenelli MC, Cifani C. Supplementation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC 510 Modifies Microbiota Composition and Prevents Body Weight Gain Induced by Cafeteria Diet in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011171. [PMID: 34681831 PMCID: PMC8540549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in functionality and composition of gut microbiota (GM) have been associated and may contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity and related diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate for the first time the impact of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum IMC 510 in a rat model of diet-induced obesity, specifically in the cafeteria (CAF) diet. This diet provides a strong motivation to voluntary overeat, due to the palatability and variety of selected energy-dense foods. The oral administration for 84 days of this probiotic strain, added to the CAF diet, decreased food intake and body weight gain. Accordingly, it ameliorated body mass index, liver and white adipose tissue weight, hepatic lipid accumulation, adipocyte size, serum parameters, including glycemia and low-density lipoprotein levels, in CAF fed rats, potentially through leptin control. In this scenario, L. plantarum IMC 510 showed also beneficial effects on GM, limiting the microbial imbalance established by long exposure to CAF diet and preserving the proportion of different bacterial taxa. Further research is necessary to better elucidate the relationship between GM and overweight and then the mechanism of action by which L. plantarum IMC 510 modifies weight. However, these promising results prompt a clear advantage of probiotic supplementation and identify a new potential probiotic as a novel and safe therapeutic approach in obesity prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Magdalena Coman
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Emanuela Micioni Di Bonaventura
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.V.M.D.B.); (E.M.D.B.); (L.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Luca Botticelli
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.V.M.D.B.); (E.M.D.B.); (L.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Gabrielli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (G.M.R.); (A.A.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Cecchini
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (G.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Stefania Silvi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (M.G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Cristina Verdenelli
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.V.M.D.B.); (E.M.D.B.); (L.B.); (C.C.)
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19
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Demir S, Nawroth PP, Herzig S, Ekim Üstünel B. Emerging Targets in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Complications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100275. [PMID: 34319011 PMCID: PMC8456215 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic, chronic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose levels. Although a large drug portfolio exists to keep the blood glucose levels under control, these medications are not without side effects. More importantly, once diagnosed diabetes is rarely reversible. Dysfunctions in the kidney, retina, cardiovascular system, neurons, and liver represent the common complications of diabetes, which again lack effective therapies that can reverse organ injury. Overall, the molecular mechanisms of how type 2 diabetes develops and leads to irreparable organ damage remain elusive. This review particularly focuses on novel targets that may play role in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Further research on these targets may eventually pave the way to novel therapies for the treatment-or even the prevention-of type 2 diabetes along with its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgican Demir
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center MunichIngolstädter Landstr. 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg ‐ IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramInternal Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
- DZDDeutsches Zentrum für DiabetesforschungIngolstädter Landstraße 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Peter P. Nawroth
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center MunichIngolstädter Landstr. 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg ‐ IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramInternal Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
- DZDDeutsches Zentrum für DiabetesforschungIngolstädter Landstraße 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center MunichIngolstädter Landstr. 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg ‐ IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramInternal Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
- DZDDeutsches Zentrum für DiabetesforschungIngolstädter Landstraße 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Bilgen Ekim Üstünel
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)Helmholtz Center MunichIngolstädter Landstr. 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg ‐ IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramInternal Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
- DZDDeutsches Zentrum für DiabetesforschungIngolstädter Landstraße 1Neuherberg85764Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg69120Germany
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20
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Zhang K, Tao C, Xu J, Ruan J, Xia J, Zhu W, Xin L, Ye H, Xie N, Xia B, Li C, Wu T, Wang Y, Schroyen M, Xiao X, Fan J, Yang S. CD8 + T Cells Involved in Metabolic Inflammation in Visceral Adipose Tissue and Liver of Transgenic Pigs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690069. [PMID: 34322121 PMCID: PMC8311854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory therapies have the potential to become an effective treatment for obesity-related diseases. However, the huge gap of immune system between human and rodent leads to limitations of drug discovery. This work aims at constructing a transgenic pig model with higher risk of metabolic diseases and outlining the immune responses at the early stage of metaflammation by transcriptomic strategy. We used CRISPR/Cas9 techniques to targeted knock-in three humanized disease risk genes, GIPRdn , hIAPP and PNPLA3I148M . Transgenic effect increased the risk of metabolic disorders. Triple-transgenic pigs with short-term diet intervention showed early symptoms of type 2 diabetes, including glucose intolerance, pancreatic lipid infiltration, islet hypertrophy, hepatic lobular inflammation and adipose tissue inflammation. Molecular pathways related to CD8+ T cell function were significantly activated in the liver and visceral adipose samples from triple-transgenic pigs, including antigen processing and presentation, T-cell receptor signaling, co-stimulation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine and chemokine secretion. The similar pro-inflammatory signaling in liver and visceral adipose tissue indicated that there might be a potential immune crosstalk between the two tissues. Moreover, genes that functionally related to liver antioxidant activity, mitochondrial function and extracellular matrix showed distinct expression between the two groups, indicating metabolic stress in transgenic pigs' liver samples. We confirmed that triple-transgenic pigs had high coincidence with human metabolic diseases, especially in the scope of inflammatory signaling at early stage metaflammation. Taken together, this study provides a valuable large animal model for the clinical study of metaflammation and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Cong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- The Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxue Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqiong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boce Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xinhua Xiao
- The Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Ruskovska T, Budić-Leto I, Corral-Jara KF, Ajdžanović V, Arola-Arnal A, Bravo FI, Deligiannidou GE, Havlik J, Janeva M, Kistanova E, Kontogiorgis C, Krga I, Massaro M, Miler M, Milosevic V, Morand C, Scoditti E, Suárez M, Vauzour D, Milenkovic D. Systematic Bioinformatic Analyses of Nutrigenomic Modifications by Polyphenols Associated with Cardiometabolic Health in Humans-Evidence from Targeted Nutrigenomic Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072326. [PMID: 34371836 PMCID: PMC8308901 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disorders are among the leading causes of mortality in the human population. Dietary polyphenols exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health in humans. Molecular mechanisms, however, are not completely understood. Aiming to conduct in-depth integrative bioinformatic analyses to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of polyphenols on cardiometabolic health, we first conducted a systematic literature search to identify human intervention studies with polyphenols that demonstrate improvement of cardiometabolic risk factors in parallel with significant nutrigenomic effects. Applying the predefined inclusion criteria, we identified 58 differentially expressed genes at mRNA level and 5 miRNAs, analyzed in peripheral blood cells with RT-PCR methods. Subsequent integrative bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that polyphenols modulate genes that are mainly involved in the processes such as inflammation, lipid metabolism, and endothelial function. We also identified 37 transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of polyphenol modulated genes, including RELA/NFKB1, STAT1, JUN, or SIRT1. Integrative bioinformatic analysis of mRNA and miRNA-target pathways demonstrated several common enriched pathways that include MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, or PPAR signaling pathway. These bioinformatic analyses represent a valuable source of information for the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial health effects of polyphenols and potential target genes for future nutrigenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (T.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Irena Budić-Leto
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Karla Fabiola Corral-Jara
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (I.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.A.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.A.-A.); (F.I.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.A.-A.); (F.I.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Milkica Janeva
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (T.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Elena Kistanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Christos Kontogiorgis
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Irena Krga
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (I.K.); (C.M.)
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Marko Miler
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.A.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Verica Milosevic
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.A.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Christine Morand
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (I.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.A.-A.); (F.I.B.); (M.S.)
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (I.K.); (C.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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22
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Natural products and analogs as preventive agents for metabolic syndrome via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113535. [PMID: 33992930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and synthetic analogs have drawn much attention as potential therapeutical drugs to treat metabolic syndrome. We reviewed the underlying mechanisms of 32 natural products and analogs with potential pharmacological effects in vitro, and especially in rodent models and/or patients, that usually act on the PPAR pathway, along with other molecular targets. Recent outstanding total syntheses or semisyntheses of these lead compounds are stated. In general, they can activate the transcriptional activity of PPARα, PPARγ, PPARα/γ, PPARβ/δ, PPARα/δ, PPARγ/δ and panPPAR as weak, partial agonists or selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγM), which may be useful for managing obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia and non-fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Terpenoids is the largest group of compounds that act as potential modulators on PPARs and are comprised from small lipophilic cannabinoids to lipophilic pentacyclic triterpenes and polar saponins. Shikimates-phenylpropanoids include polar heterocyclic flavonoids and phenolic compounds containing at least one C3-C6 unit and usually a double bond on the propyl chain. Quercetin (19), resveratrol (24) and curcumin (27), stand out from this group for exhibiting beneficial effects on patients. Alkaloids, the minor group of potential modulators on PPARs, include berberine (30), which has been widely explored in preclinical and clinical studies for its potential beneficial effects on T2D and dyslipidemia. However, large-scale clinical trials may be warranted for the promising compounds.
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23
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Zhu LY, Liu C, Li ZR, Niu C, Wu J. NLRP3 deficiency did not attenuate NASH development under high fat calorie diet plus high fructose and glucose in drinking water. J Transl Med 2021; 101:588-599. [PMID: 33526807 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) promotes the inflammatory response during progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study aimed to further delineate the role of NLRP3 in NASH development by abolishing its expression in mice. A high-fat and calorie diet plus high fructose and glucose in drinking water (HFCD-HF/G) was used to establish NASH in both wild-type (WT) and NLRP3 knock-out (KO) mice. Hepatocellular injury, hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, as well as inflammatory response and insulin resistance in the liver and epidydimal white adipose tissue (eWAT) were determined. Elevated body weight, liver weight and serum alanine transaminase level, increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation and collagen deposition, and worsened systemic insulin resistance were observed in Nlrp3-/- mice compared to WT mice under HFCD-HF/G feeding. Upregulated hepatic transcription of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and enhanced infiltration of inducible nitric oxide synthase-positive (iNOS+) M1 macrophages were also documented in HFCD-HF/G-fed Nlrp3-/- mice in comparison to HFCD-HF/G-fed WT mice. Moreover, transcription of TNF-α and MCP-1 and infiltration of iNOS+ M1 macrophages were increased in the liver of Nlrp3-/- mice under control diet. NLRP3 deficiency did not attenuate, but instead aggravated NASH development under HFCD-HF/G feeding. The worsened extent of NASH might be attributed to enhanced hepatic MCP-1 expression and M1 macrophage infiltration in Nlrp3-/- mice. Our study points to additional caution when NLRP3 blockade is considered as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yan Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zong-Rui Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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24
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Rottenkolber M, Gar C, Then C, Wanger L, Sacco V, Banning F, Potzel AL, Kern-Matschilles S, Nevinny-Stickel-Hinzpeter C, Grallert H, Hesse N, Seissler J, Lechner A. A Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Unrelated to Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1460-1471. [PMID: 33515032 PMCID: PMC8063234 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinically, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is heterogeneous, but the prevailing pathophysiologic hypothesis nevertheless contends that components of metabolic syndrome are central to all cases of T2DM. Here, we re-evaluated this hypothesis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 138 women from the monocenter, post gestational diabetes study PPSDiab, 73 of which had incident prediabetes or T2DM. Additionally, we examined all the 412 incident cases of T2DM in phases 3 to 9 of the Whitehall II study in comparison to healthy controls. Our analysis included a medical history, anthropometrics, oral glucose tolerance testing, and laboratory chemistry in both studies. Additional analyses from the PPSDiab Study consisted of cardiopulmonary exercise testing, magnetic resonance imaging, auto-antibody testing, and the exclusion of glucokinase maturity-onset diabetes of the young. RESULTS We found that 33 (45%) of the women with prediabetes or T2DM in the PPSDiab study displayed no components of metabolic syndrome. They reached no point for metabolic syndrome in the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III score other than hyperglycemia and, moreover, had levels of liver fat content, plasma triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, c-reactive protein, and blood pressure that were comparable to healthy controls. In the Whitehall II study, 62 (15%) of the incident T2DM cases fulfilled the same criteria. In both studies, these cases without metabolic syndrome revealed insulin resistance and inadequately low insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our results contradict the hypothesis that components of metabolic syndrome are central to all cases of T2DM. Instead, they suggest the common occurrence of a second, unrelated pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Rottenkolber
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Christina Gar
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Cornelia Then
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Lorena Wanger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Vanessa Sacco
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Friederike Banning
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Anne L Potzel
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kern-Matschilles
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
| | | | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nina Hesse
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), LMU Klinikum, München, Germany
- Correspondence: Andreas Lechner, MD, Diabetes Research Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 4, LMU Klinikum, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 München, Germany.
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25
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Potential of Nutraceutical Supplementation in the Modulation of White and Brown Fat Tissues in Obesity-Associated Disorders: Role of Inflammatory Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073351. [PMID: 33805912 PMCID: PMC8037903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of obesity is associated with an increasing risk of several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sustained obesity is characterized by a chronic and unsolved inflammation of adipose tissue, which leads to a greater expression of proinflammatory adipokines, excessive lipid storage and adipogenesis. The purpose of this review is to clarify how inflammatory mediators act during adipose tissue dysfunction in the development of insulin resistance and all obesity-associated diseases. In particular, we focused our attention on the role of inflammatory signaling in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), which represent a relevant component of adipose alterations during obesity. Furthermore, we reported the most recent evidence in the literature on nutraceutical supplementation in the management of the adipose inflammatory state, and in particular on their potential effect on common inflammatory mediators and pathways, responsible for WAT and BAT dysfunction. Although further research is needed to demonstrate that targeting pro-inflammatory mediators improves adipose tissue dysfunction and activates thermogenesis in BAT and WAT browning during obesity, polyphenols supplementation could represent an innovative therapeutic strategy to prevent progression of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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26
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The Effect of LPS and Flagellin on the Process of Lipolysis in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells during Adipogenic Differentiation. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:571-574. [PMID: 33725252 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (LPS and flagellin) and adrenergic agonist isoproterenol on the content of total and phosphorylated (Ser552) hormone-sensitive lipase in mesenchymal stromal cells and cell products of their adipogenic differentiation. The expression of hormone-sensitive lipase and an increase in the content of its activated phosphorylated form were demonstrated by Western blotting in cells of all three lines of adipogenic differentiation. Under the influence of flagellin, the content of total and phosphorylated forms of hormone-sensitive lipase increased in brown adipocytes, while LPS induced a decrease in the content of total hormone-sensitive lipase in white adipocytes. We hypothesize that bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns can activate lipolysis under pathological conditions associated with slow remodeling of the adipose tissue.
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27
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Zoccali C, Mallamaci F. Undernutrition in childhood and adolescence and atherosclerosis in adult life. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:849-851. [PMID: 33546943 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Hypertension and Renal Diseases, Ospedali Riuniti, 89124, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Hypertension and Renal Diseases, Ospedali Riuniti, 89124, Reggio Calabria, Italy; Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation Unit, Ospedali Riuniti Reggio Calabria, Italy
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28
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Moruzzi M, Klöting N, Blüher M, Martinelli I, Tayebati SK, Gabrielli MG, Roy P, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Lupidi G, Amenta F, Tomassoni D. Tart Cherry Juice and Seeds Affect Pro-Inflammatory Markers in Visceral Adipose Tissue of High-Fat Diet Obese Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:1403. [PMID: 33807712 PMCID: PMC7961347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) are a rich source of anthocyanins. They are phytochemical flavonoids found in red and blue fruits, and vegetables that can reduce hyperlipidemia. Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) has emerged as a major player in driving obesity-related inflammatory response. METHODS This study has investigated the potential positive effects of tart cherries on rats with Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO). In particular, the inflammatory status in retroperitoneal (RPW) and perigonadal (PGW) adipose tissue were studied. Rats were fed ad libitum for 17 weeks with a hypercaloric diet with the supplementation of tart cherries seeds powder (DS) and seeds powder plus tart cherries juice containing 1mg of anthocyanins (DJS). In RPW and PGW, expression of CRP, IL-1 β, TNF-α, CCL2 and CD36, were measured by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS No differences in the weight of RPW and PGW animals were found between DS and DJS groups compared to DIO rats. However, an increase of inflammatory markers was observed in DIO group in comparison with control lean rats. A modulation of these markers was evident upon tart cherry supplementation. CONCLUSION Study results suggest that tart cherry enriched-diet did not modify the accumulation of visceral fat, but it decreased inflammatory markers in both tissues. Therefore, this supplementation could be useful, in combination with healthy lifestyles, to modify adipose tissue cell metabolism limiting-obesity related organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Moruzzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (S.K.T.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (G.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (N.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (S.K.T.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (G.L.); (F.A.)
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (S.K.T.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (G.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Gabrielli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Proshanta Roy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.R.)
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (S.K.T.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (G.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (S.K.T.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (G.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (S.K.T.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (G.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.G.G.); (P.R.)
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Juretić N, Sepúlveda R, D'Espessailles A, Vera DB, Cadagan C, de Miguel M, González-Mañán D, Tapia G. Dietary alpha- and gamma-tocopherol (1:5 ratio) supplementation attenuates adipose tissue expansion, hepatic steatosis, and expression of inflammatory markers in a high-fat-diet-fed murine model. Nutrition 2021; 85:111139. [PMID: 33549947 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary supplementation of an alpha- and gamma-tocopherol mixture (1:5 ratio) in the adipose tissue expansion, hepatic steatosis, and expression of inflammatory markers induced by consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed for 12 wk and divided into the following: 1) control diet (CD; 10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrates); 2) CD + TF (CD plus alpha-tocopherol: 0.7 mg/kg/d, gamma-tocopherol: 3.5 mg/kg/d); 3) HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, 20% carbohydrates); and 4) HFD + TF (HFD plus alpha-tocopherol: 0.7 mg/kg/d, gamma-tocopherol: 3.5 mg/kg/d). General parameters, adipocyte size, liver steatosis, adipose and hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) expression, hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) levels were evaluated. RESULTS Tocopherol supplementation in HFD-fed mice showed a significant decrease in the body weight (19%) and adipose tissue weight (52%), adipose tissue/body weight ratio (36%), and serum triacylglycerols (56%); a 42% decrease (P < 0.05) of adipocyte size compared to HFD; attenuation of liver steatosis by decreasing (P < 0.05) lipid vesicles presence (90%) and total lipid content (75%); and downregulation of inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-1β), along with an upregulation of hepatic PPAR-α expression and its downstream-regulated genes (ACOX and CAT-1), and an inhibition of hepatic NF-κB activation. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that alpha- and gamma-tocopherol (1:5 ratio) supplementation attenuates the adipocyte enlargement, hepatic steatosis, and metabolic inflammation induced by HFD in association with PPAR-α/NF-κB modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevenka Juretić
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ruth Sepúlveda
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Daniela B Vera
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cynthia Cadagan
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel de Miguel
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Mañán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gladys Tapia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Oswald DM, Jones MB, Cobb BA. Modulation of hepatocyte sialylation drives spontaneous fatty liver disease and inflammation. Glycobiology 2020; 30:346-359. [PMID: 31742330 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulatory protein glycosylation is a biomarker of multiple disease and inflammatory states and has been applied in the clinic for liver dysfunction, heart disease and diabetes. With the notable exception of antibodies, the liver produces most of the circulatory glycoproteins, including the acute phase proteins released as a function of the inflammatory response. Among these proteins is β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal1), an enzyme required for α2,6-linked sialylation of glycoproteins. Here, we describe a hepatocyte-specific conditional knockout of ST6Gal1 (H-cKO) using albumin promoter-driven Cre-lox recombination. We confirm the loss of circulatory glycoprotein α2,6 sialylation and note no obvious dysfunction or pathology in young H-cKO mice, yet these mice show robust changes in plasma glycoprotein fucosylation, branching and the abundance of bisecting GlcNAc and marked changes in a number of metabolic pathways. As H-cKO mice aged, they spontaneously developed fatty liver disease characterized by the buildup of fat droplets in the liver, inflammatory cytokine production and a shift in liver leukocyte phenotype away from anti-inflammatory Kupffer cells and towards proinflammatory M1 macrophages. These findings connect hepatocyte and circulatory glycoprotein sialylation to the regulation of metabolism and inflammation, potentially identifying the glycome as a new target for liver-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Oswald
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark B Jones
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brian A Cobb
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Rodriguez-Ayala E, Gallegos-Cabrales EC, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Laviada-Molina HA, Salinas-Osornio RA, Nava-Gonzalez EJ, Leal-Berumen I, Escudero-Lourdes C, Escalante-Araiza F, Buenfil-Rello FA, Peschard VG, Laviada-Nagel A, Silva E, Veloz-Garza RA, Martinez-Hernandez A, Barajas-Olmos FM, Molina-Segui F, Gonzalez-Ramirez L, Espadas-Olivera R, Lopez-Muñoz R, Arjona-Villicaña RD, Hernandez-Escalante VM, Rodriguez-Arellano ME, Gaytan-Saucedo JF, Vaquera Z, Acebo-Martinez M, Cornejo-Barrera J, Jancy Andrea HQ, Castillo-Pineda JC, Murillo-Ramirez A, Diaz-Tena SP, Figueroa-Nuñez B, Valencia-Rendon ME, Garzon-Zamora R, Viveros-Paredes JM, Ángeles-Chimal J, Santa-Olalla Tapia J, Remes-Troche JM, Valdovinos-Chavez SB, Huerta-Avila EE, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Comuzzie AG, Haack K, Han X, Orozco L, Weintraub S, Kent JW, Cole SA, Bastarrachea RA. Towards precision medicine: defining and characterizing adipose tissue dysfunction to identify early immunometabolic risk in symptom-free adults from the GEMM family study. Adipocyte 2020; 9:153-169. [PMID: 32272872 PMCID: PMC7153654 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1743116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes are early molecular factors influencing adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, resulting in high leptin, low adiponectin circulating levels and low-grade metaflammation, leading to insulin resistance (IR) with increased cardiovascular risk. We report the characterization of AT dysfunction through measurements of the adiponectin/leptin ratio (ALR), the adipo-insulin resistance index (Adipo-IRi), fasting/postprandial (F/P) immunometabolic phenotyping and direct F/P differential gene expression in AT biopsies obtained from symptom-free adults from the GEMM family study. AT dysfunction was evaluated through associations of the ALR with F/P insulin-glucose axis, lipid-lipoprotein metabolism, and inflammatory markers. A relevant pattern of negative associations between decreased ALR and markers of systemic low-grade metaflammation, HOMA, and postprandial cardiovascular risk hyperinsulinemic, triglyceride and GLP-1 curves was found. We also analysed their plasma non-coding microRNAs and shotgun lipidomics profiles finding trends that may reflect a pattern of adipose tissue dysfunction in the fed and fasted state. Direct gene differential expression data showed initial patterns of AT molecular signatures of key immunometabolic genes involved in AT expansion, angiogenic remodelling and immune cell migration. These data reinforce the central, early role of AT dysfunction at the molecular and systemic level in the pathogenesis of IR and immunometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rodriguez-Ayala
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Norte, México City, México
| | | | - Laura Gonzalez-Lopez
- Dirección de Postgrado e Investigación, Universidad del Valle de Atemajac (UNIVA), Zapopan, México
| | | | - Rocio A. Salinas-Osornio
- Dirección de Postgrado e Investigación, Universidad del Valle de Atemajac (UNIVA), Zapopan, México
| | | | - Irene Leal-Berumen
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, México
| | | | - Fabiola Escalante-Araiza
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Norte, México City, México
| | - Fatima A. Buenfil-Rello
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute and Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vanessa-Giselle Peschard
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Norte, México City, México
| | - Antonio Laviada-Nagel
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute and Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eliud Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Norte, México City, México
| | - Rosa A. Veloz-Garza
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey, México
| | - Angelica Martinez-Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, México
| | - Francisco M. Barajas-Olmos
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, México
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Lopez-Muñoz
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Marista de Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Victor M. Hernandez-Escalante
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute and Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Janeth F. Gaytan-Saucedo
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute and Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zoila Vaquera
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute and Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Judith Cornejo-Barrera
- Departamento de Enseñanza, Postgrado e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de Tamaulipas, Ciudad, México
| | - Huertas-Quintero Jancy Andrea
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute and Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Sara P. Diaz-Tena
- Departamento de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Latina de América, Morelia, México
| | | | | | - Rafael Garzon-Zamora
- Dirección de Postgrado e Investigación, Universidad del Valle de Atemajac (UNIVA), Zapopan, México
| | | | - José Ángeles-Chimal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | - José M. Remes-Troche
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Eira E. Huerta-Avila
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, México
| | - Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga
- School of Medicine & South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | | | - Karin Haack
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute and Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Department of Medicine, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, México
| | - Susan Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jack W. Kent
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute and Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shelley A. Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute and Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raul A. Bastarrachea
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute and Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC), San Antonio, TX, USA
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Scandiffio R, Geddo F, Cottone E, Querio G, Antoniotti S, Gallo MP, Maffei ME, Bovolin P. Protective Effects of ( E)-β-Caryophyllene (BCP) in Chronic Inflammation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113273. [PMID: 33114564 PMCID: PMC7692661 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene widely distributed in the plant kingdom, where it contributes a unique aroma to essential oils and has a pivotal role in the survival and evolution of higher plants. Recent studies provided evidence for protective roles of BCP in animal cells, highlighting its possible use as a novel therapeutic tool. Experimental results show the ability of BCP to reduce pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), thus ameliorating chronic pathologies characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, in particular metabolic and neurological diseases. Through the binding to CB2 cannabinoid receptors and the interaction with members of the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), BCP shows beneficial effects on obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) liver diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, pain and other nervous system disorders. This review describes the current knowledge on the biosynthesis and natural sources of BCP, and reviews its role and mechanisms of action in different inflammation-related metabolic and neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Scandiffio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Federica Geddo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Erika Cottone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Giulia Querio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Susanna Antoniotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Maria Pia Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (F.G.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (S.A.); (M.P.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Escalona-Garrido C, Vázquez P, Mera P, Zagmutt S, García-Casarrubios E, Montero-Pedrazuela A, Rey-Stolle F, Guadaño-Ferraz A, Rupérez FJ, Serra D, Herrero L, Obregon MJ, Valverde ÁM. Moderate SIRT1 overexpression protects against brown adipose tissue inflammation. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101097. [PMID: 33049408 PMCID: PMC7600394 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metainflammation is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state induced by obesity and associated comorbidities, including peripheral insulin resistance. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a therapeutic target against obesity, is an insulin target tissue sensitive to inflammation. Therefore, it is necessary to find strategies to protect BAT against the effects of inflammation in energy balance. In this study, we explored the impact of moderate sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) overexpression on insulin sensitivity and β-adrenergic responses in BAT and brown adipocytes (BA) under pro-inflammatory conditions. METHODS The effect of inflammation on BAT functionality was studied in obese db/db mice and lean wild-type (WT) mice or mice with moderate overexpression of SIRT1 (SIRT1Tg+) injected with a low dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic endotoxemia. We also conducted studies on differentiated BA (BA-WT and BA-SIRT1Tg+) exposed to a macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory conditioned medium (CM) to evaluate the protection of SIRT1 overexpression in insulin signaling and glucose uptake, mitochondrial respiration, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and norepinephrine (NE)-mediated-modulation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) expression. RESULTS BAT from the db/db mice was susceptible to metabolic inflammation manifested by the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, increased pro-inflammatory gene expression, tissue-specific insulin resistance, and reduced UCP-1 expression. Impairment of insulin and noradrenergic responses were also found in the lean WT mice upon LPS injection. In contrast, BAT from the mice with moderate overexpression of SIRT1 (SIRT1Tg+) was protected against LPS-induced activation of pro-inflammatory signaling, insulin resistance, and defective thermogenic-related responses upon cold exposure. Importantly, the decline in triiodothyronine (T3) levels in the circulation and intra-BAT after exposure of the WT mice to LPS and cold was markedly attenuated in the SIRT1Tg+ mice. In vitro BA experiments in the two genotypes revealed that upon differentiation with a T3-enriched medium and subsequent exposure to a macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory CM, only BA-SIRT1Tg+ fully recovered insulin and noradrenergic responses. CONCLUSIONS This study has ascertained the benefit of the moderate overexpression of SIRT1 to confer protection against defective insulin and β-adrenergic responses caused by BAT inflammation. Our results have potential therapeutic value in combinatorial therapies for BAT-specific thyromimetics and SIRT1 activators to combat metainflammation in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Escalona-Garrido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paula Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Zagmutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester García-Casarrubios
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Pedrazuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universitiy, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rupérez
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universitiy, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Obregon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Does adipose tissue inflammation drive the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity? Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:394-402. [PMID: 32044284 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, an increasingly common problem in modern societies, is associated with acquired metabolic disturbances. In this perspective, the development of insulin resistance is now recognized to be initiated by inflammation of the adipose tissue, but the events that lead to this inflammation are still vague. Furthermore, visceral adipose tissue plays a significant role in obesity pathophysiology and in its clinical effects, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Among the possible mechanisms linking NAFLD and obesity, we focused on Visfatin/NAMPT, mostly produced by macrophages infiltrated in adipose tissue and a biomarker of the inflammatory cascade affecting hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. We also addressed the signalling pathway triggered by the binding of VEGF-B to its receptor, which mediates lipid fluxes throughout the body, being a promising target to prevent ectopic lipid accumulation. We reviewed the available literature on the topic and we suggest a crosstalk between adipose tissue inflammation and NAFLD in order to provide new insights about the putative mechanisms involved in the development of NAFLD in the obesity context. A better understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying NAFLD will allow the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Zieba DA, Biernat W, Szczesna M, Kirsz K, Barć J, Misztal T. Changes in Expression of the Genes for the Leptin Signaling in Hypothalamic-Pituitary Selected Areas and Endocrine Responses to Long-Term Manipulation in Body Weight and Resistin in Ewes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124238. [PMID: 32545900 PMCID: PMC7348850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both long-term undernutrition and overnutrition disturb metabolic balance, which is mediated partially by the action of two adipokines, leptin and resistin (RSTN). In this study, we manipulated the diet of ewes to produce either a thin (lean) or fat (fat) body condition and investigated how RSTN affects endocrine and metabolic status under different leptin concentrations. Twenty ewes were distributed into four groups (n = 5): the lean and fat groups were administered with saline (Lean and Fat), while the Lean-R (Lean-Resistin treated) and Fat-R (Fat-Resistin treated) groups received recombinant bovine resistin. Plasma was assayed for LH, FSH, PRL, RSTN, leptin, GH, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides. Expression levels of a suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS-3) and the long form of the leptin receptor (LRb) were determined in selected brain regions, such as the anterior pituitary, hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, preoptic area and ventro- and dorsomedial nuclei. The results indicate long-term alterations in body weight affect RSTN-mediated effects on metabolic and reproductive hormones concentrations and the expression of leptin signaling components: LRb and SOCS-3. This may be an adaptive mechanism to long-term changes in adiposity during the state of long-day leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Anna Zieba
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland; (W.B.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-4297224
| | - Weronika Biernat
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland; (W.B.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Malgorzata Szczesna
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland; (W.B.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Kirsz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland; (W.B.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Justyna Barć
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland; (W.B.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Tomasz Misztal
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Jablonna, Poland;
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Pielok A, Marycz K. Non-Coding RNAs as Potential Novel Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114182. [PMID: 32545342 PMCID: PMC7313458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, the prevalence of metabolic conditions such as type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) raises. The impairment of liver metabolism resulting in hepatic insulin resistance is a common symptom and a critical step in the development of T2D and MetS. The liver plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Hepatic insulin resistance can often be identified before other symptoms arrive; therefore, establishing methods for its early diagnosis would allow for the implementation of proper treatment in patients before the disease develops. Non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs (micro-RNA) and lncRNAs (long-non-coding RNA) are being recognized as promising novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets—especially due to their regulatory function. The dysregulation of miRNA and lncRNA activity has been reported in the livers of insulin-resistant patients. Many of those transcripts are involved in the regulation of the hepatic insulin signaling cascade. Furthermore, for several miRNAs (miR-802, miR-499-5p, and miR-122) and lncRNAs (H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript (H19), maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), and metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)), circulating levels were altered in patients with prediabetes, T2D, and MetS. In the course of this review, the role of the aforementioned ncRNAs in hepatic insulin signaling cascade, as well as their potential application in diagnostics, is discussed. Overall, circulating ncRNAs are precise indicators of hepatic insulin resistance in the development of metabolic diseases and could be applied as early diagnostic and/or therapeutic tools in conditions associated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Pielok
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (K.M.)
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11 St., 55-124 Malin, Poland
- Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University (UKSW), Woycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (K.M.)
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Kaelin BR, McKenzie CM, Hempel KW, Lang AL, Arteel GE, Beier JI. Adipose tissue-liver crosstalk during pathologic changes caused by vinyl chloride metabolites in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 399:115068. [PMID: 32445754 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as vinyl chloride (VC), can be directly toxic at high concentrations. However, we have shown that 'nontoxic' exposures to VC and its metabolite chloroethanol (CE) enhances experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), suggesting an unpredicted interaction. Importantly, VOC exposure has been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of obesity and its sequelae in humans. As there is a known axis between adipose and hepatic tissue in NAFLD, the impact of CE on white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and lipolysis was investigated. Mice were administered CE (or vehicle) once, after 10 weeks of being fed high-fat or low-fat diet (LFD). CE significantly enhanced hepatic steatosis and inflammation caused by HFD. HFD significantly increased the size of epididymal fat pads, which was enhanced by CE. The relative size of adipocyte lipid droplets increased by HFD + CE, which was also correlated with increased expression of lipid-associated proteins (e.g., PLINs). CE also enhanced HFD-induced indices of WAT inflammation, and ER stress. Hepatic-derived circulating FGF21, a major modulator of WAT lipolysis, which is hypothesized to thereby regulate hepatic steatosis, was significantly increased by CE in animals fed HFD. Taken together these data support the hypothesis that environmental toxicant exposure can exacerbate the severity of NAFLD/NASH, involving the liver-adipose axis in this process. Specifically, CE enhances local inflammation and alters lipid metabolism and WAT-mediated hepatic steatosis due to changes in WAT lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna R Kaelin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America.
| | - Collin M McKenzie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America.
| | - Karl W Hempel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America.
| | - Anna L Lang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America.
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America.
| | - Juliane I Beier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America.
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Anti-Inflammatory Strategies Targeting Metaflammation in Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092224. [PMID: 32397353 PMCID: PMC7249034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the concepts explaining the coincidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the metaflammation theory. This chronic, low-grade inflammatory state originating from metabolic cells in response to excess nutrients, contributes to the development of T2D by increasing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues (mainly in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue) and by targeting pancreatic islets and in this way impairing insulin secretion. Given the role of this not related to infection inflammation in the development of both: insulin resistance and insulitis, anti-inflammatory strategies could be helpful not only to control T2D symptoms but also to treat its causes. This review presents current concepts regarding the role of metaflammation in the development of T2D in obese individuals as well as data concerning possible application of different anti-inflammatory strategies (including lifestyle interventions, the extra-glycemic potential of classical antidiabetic compounds, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunomodulatory therapies, and bariatric surgery) in the management of T2D.
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Karras SN, Koufakis T, Adamidou L, Antonopoulou V, Karalazou P, Thisiadou K, Mitrofanova E, Mulrooney H, Petróczi A, Zebekakis P, Makedou K, Kotsa K. Effects of orthodox religious fasting versus combined energy and time restricted eating on body weight, lipid concentrations and glycaemic profile. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:82-92. [PMID: 32362210 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1760218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
For seven weeks, 37 overweight adults followed a hypocaloric diet based on Orthodox Fasting (OF). A hypocaloric, time restricted eating (TRE) plan (eating between 08:00 to 16:00 h, water fasting from 16:00 to 08:00 h) was followed by 23 Body Mass Index (BMI)-matched participants. Anthropometric, glycaemic and inflammation markers and serum lipids were assessed before and after the diets. Both OF and TRE groups demonstrated reductions in BMI (28.54 ± 5.45 vs 27.20 ± 5.10 kg/m2, p < 0.001 and 26.40 ± 4.11 vs 25.81 ± 3.78 kg/m2 p = 0.001, respectively). Following the intervention, the OF group presented lower concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, compared with the pre-fasting values (178.40 ± 34.14 vs 197.17 ± 34.30 mg/dl, p < 0.001 and 105.89 ± 28.08 vs 122.37 ± 29.70 mg/dl, p < 0.001, respectively). Neither group manifested significant differences in glycaemic and inflammatory parameters. Our findings suggest that OF has superior lipid lowering effects than the TRE pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon N Karras
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lilian Adamidou
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Antonopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Karalazou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Thisiadou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elina Mitrofanova
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Hilda Mulrooney
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Petróczi
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Pantelis Zebekakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kali Makedou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Streeper RT, Louden C, Izbicka E. Oral Azelaic Acid Ester Decreases Markers of Insulin Resistance in Overweight Human Male Subjects. In Vivo 2020; 34:1173-1186. [PMID: 32354907 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Insulin resistance (IR) is linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. We examined safety and efficacy of the natural product diethyl azelate (DEA) in overweight males with a varying degree of IR. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen subjects [age 18-42, hemoglobin A1c (A1c) of 5.2-6.2%] received orally 1 mg/kg DEA daily for 21 days. Blood plasma glucose, insulin and lipid levels were assessed before and after treatment. RESULTS DEA was well tolerated without hypoglycemia or adverse effects except transient diarrhea (n=1). DEA significantly reduced fasting glucose by 6.06 mg/dl (n=8) and insulin by 37.8% (n=8) in subjects with IR and/or A1c ≥5.6%. Furthermore, it improved cholesterol/HDL, LDL/HDL, and non-cholesterol HDL/HDL by 5.4, 6.5, and 6.6%, respectively in all subjects, and by 8.0, 9.8, and 9.8%, respectively in 9 subjects with A1c ≥5.6%. CONCLUSION DEA efficacy correlates with the degree of IR. DEA holds promise as a novel treatment for the management of IR.
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2-Methoxyestradiol inhibits high fat diet-induced obesity in rats through modulation of adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and immunophenotype. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173106. [PMID: 32283059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, experimental studies demonstrated that 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) ameliorates high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and restores insulin sensitivity. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are unveiled yet. The current study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that 2ME2 exerts its effects by modulating adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) accumulation, polarization and immunophenotypes. The experiment was carried out in males Wistar rats (n = 28) for 13 consecutive weeks. In HFD-fed group; body weight, glucose intolerance, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile and adipose tissue (AT) weight were significantly higher compared to normal standard diet (NSD)- fed rats. However, treatment of HFD-fed rats with 2ME2 (200 μg/kg/day; i.p. from the beginning of the 9th week) resulted in significant enhancements in all these parameters as compared to HFD-fed rats. Treatment with 2ME2 was associated with a significant reduction in macrophage infiltration in the AT, shifting macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype as indicated by significant decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages markers (IL-6, IL-1β, CD11c and iNOS) and concurrent significant increase in the M2 anti-inflammatory macrophage markers (Arginase 1 and IL-10). 2ME2 ameliorates HFD-induced obesity and glucose intolerance through inhibition of ATM infiltration in AT and shifting macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes.
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Wang X, Liu J, Yang Y, Zhang X. An update on the potential role of advanced glycation end products in glycolipid metabolism. Life Sci 2020; 245:117344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sánchez-Sánchez MA, Zepeda-Morales ASM, Carrera-Quintanar L, Viveros-Paredes JM, Franco-Arroyo NN, Godínez-Rubí M, Ortuño-Sahagun D, López-Roa RI. Alliin, an Allium sativum Nutraceutical, ReducesMetaflammation Markers in DIO Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030624. [PMID: 32120804 PMCID: PMC7146142 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity generates a chronic low-grade inflammatory state which promotes oxidative stress and triggers comorbidities. Alliin is the main organosulfur compound in garlic and has been shown to induce a decrease in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines; its systemic effect on metabolic parameters and adipose tissue is not yet known, however. After nine weeks of HFD and with obesity established in C57BL/6 mice, we observed that a daily treatment with alliin for 3.5 weeks (15 mg/kg) did not affect body weight, but significantly improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, both evaluated through a blood glucose monitoring system. Once alliin treatment was completed, serum, adipose tissue, and organs of interest related to metabolism were removed for further analysis. We observed that alliin significantly decreased the size of adipocytes from epididymal adipose tissue, evaluated via microscopy. A decrease in gene expression and serum protein levels of the adipocytokines leptin and resistin, as well as decreased serum IL-6 concentration, were detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. It did not, however, affect mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes in the liver. Taken altogether, these results indicate that treatment with alliin reduces metaflammation markers in DIO mice and improves some metabolic parameters without affecting others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Sánchez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB) CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44430, Mexico; (A.S.M.Z.-M.); (J.M.V.-P.); (N.N.F.-A.)
| | - Adelaida Sara Minia Zepeda-Morales
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44430, Mexico; (A.S.M.Z.-M.); (J.M.V.-P.); (N.N.F.-A.)
| | - Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de los Alimentos, Departamento de Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico;
| | - Juan Manuel Viveros-Paredes
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44430, Mexico; (A.S.M.Z.-M.); (J.M.V.-P.); (N.N.F.-A.)
| | - Noel Noé Franco-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44430, Mexico; (A.S.M.Z.-M.); (J.M.V.-P.); (N.N.F.-A.)
| | - Marisol Godínez-Rubí
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagun
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB) CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (D.O.-S.); (R.I.L.-R.); Tel.: +52-33-1058-5200 (ext. 33742) (D.O.-S.); +52-33-137-85900 (ext. 27778) (R.I.L.-R.)
| | - Rocío Ivette López-Roa
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44430, Mexico; (A.S.M.Z.-M.); (J.M.V.-P.); (N.N.F.-A.)
- Correspondence: (D.O.-S.); (R.I.L.-R.); Tel.: +52-33-1058-5200 (ext. 33742) (D.O.-S.); +52-33-137-85900 (ext. 27778) (R.I.L.-R.)
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Kim H, Kang J, Hong S, Jo S, Noh H, Kang BH, Park S, Seo YJ, Kong KH, Hong S. 3M-Brazzein as a Natural Sugar Substitute Attenuates Obesity, Metabolic Disorder, and Inflammation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2183-2192. [PMID: 31984741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global chronic disease linked to various diseases. Increased consumption of added sugars, especially in beverages, is a key contributor to the obesity epidemic. It is essential to reduce or replace sugar intake with low-calorie sweeteners. Here, a natural sweet protein, 3M-brazzein, was investigated as a possible sugar substitute. Mice were exposed to 3M-brazzein or 10% sucrose of equivalent sweetness, in drinking water to mimic human obesity development over 15 weeks. Consumption of 3M-brazzein in liquid form did not cause adiposity hypertrophy, resulting in 33.1 ± 0.4 g body weight and 0.90 ± 0.2 mm fat accumulation, which were 35.9 ± 0.7 g (p = 0.0094) and 1.53 ± 0.067 mm (p = 0.0031), respectively, for sucrose supplement. Additionally, 3M-brazzein did not disrupt glucose homeostasis or affect insulin resistance and inflammation. Due to its naturally low-calorie content, 3M-brazzein could also be a potential sugar substitute that reduces adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansaem Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , South Korea
| | - Jaeyong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , South Korea
| | - Seungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , South Korea
| | - Seonyeong Jo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , South Korea
| | - Hyangsoon Noh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , South Korea
| | - Byung-Ha Kang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , South Korea
| | - Suhyun Park
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Kong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , South Korea
| | - Sungguan Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , South Korea
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Amino acid-based compound activates atypical PKC and leptin receptor pathways to improve glycemia and anxiety like behavior in diabetic mice. Biomaterials 2020; 239:119839. [PMID: 32065973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Differences in glucose uptake in peripheral and neural tissues account for the reduced efficacy of insulin in nervous tissues. Herein, we report the design of short peptides, referred as amino acid compounds (AAC) with and without a modified side chain moiety. At nanomolar concentrations, a candidate therapeutic molecule, AAC2, containing a 7-(diethylamino) coumarin-3-carboxamide side-chain improved glucose control in human peripheral adipocytes and the endothelial brain barrier cells by activation of insulin-insensitive glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). AAC2 interacted specifically with the leptin receptor (LepR) and activated atypical protein kinase C zeta (PKCς) to increase glucose uptake. The effects induced by AAC2 were absent in leptin receptor-deficient predipocytes and in Leprdb mice. In contrast, AAC2 established glycemic control altering food intake in leptin-deficient Lepob mice. Therefore, AAC2 activated the LepR and acted in a cytokine-like manner distinct from leptin. In a monogenic Ins2Akita mouse model for the phenotypes associated with type 1 diabetes, AAC2 rescued systemic glucose uptake in these mice without an increase in insulin levels and adiposity, as seen in insulin-treated Ins2Akita mice. In contrast to insulin, AAC2 treatment increased brain mass and reduced anxiety-related behavior in Ins2Akita mice. Our data suggests that the unique mechanism of action for AAC2, activating LepR/PKCς/GLUT1 axis, offers an effective strategy to broaden glycemic control for the prevention of diabetic complications of the nervous system and, possibly, other insulin insensitive or resistant tissues.
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D'Espessailles A, Santillana N, Sanhueza S, Fuentes C, Cifuentes M. Calcium sensing receptor activation in THP-1 macrophages triggers NLRP3 inflammasome and human preadipose cell inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110654. [PMID: 31734269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Excess adipose tissue (AT) associates with inflammation and obesity-related diseases. We studied whether calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1 macrophages elevates inflammation in LS14 preadipocytes, modeling deleterious AT cell crosstalk. THP-1 macrophages exposed to cinacalcet (CaSR activator, 2 μM, 4 h) showed elevated proinflammatory marker and NLRP3 inflammasome mRNA, pro-IL-1β protein and caspase-1 activity, whereas preincubation with CaSR negative modulators prevented these effects. The key NLRP3 inflammasome component ASC was silenced (siRNA) in THP-1 cells, and inflammasome activation was evaluated (qPCR, Western blot, caspase-1 activity) or they were further cultured to obtain conditioned medium (CoM). Exposure of LS14 preadipocytes to CoM from cinacalcet-treated THP-1 elevated LS14 proinflammatory cytokine expression, which was abrogated by THP-1 inflammasome silencing. Thus, CaSR activation elevates THP-1-induced inflammation in LS14 preadipocytes, via macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Modulating CaSR activation may prevent deleterious proinflammatory cell crosstalk in AT, a promising approach in obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D'Espessailles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Santillana
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Sanhueza
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Fuentes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380492, Chile; Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380492, Chile.
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Salazar J, Chávez-Castillo M, Rojas J, Ortega A, Nava M, Pérez J, Rojas M, Espinoza C, Chacin M, Herazo Y, Angarita L, Rojas DM, D'Marco L, Bermudez V. Is "Leptin Resistance" Another Key Resistance to Manage Type 2 Diabetes? Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:733-749. [PMID: 31886750 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666191230111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although novel pharmacological options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) have been observed to modulate the functionality of several key organs in glucose homeostasis, successful regulation of insulin resistance (IR), body weight management, and pharmacological treatment of obesity remain notable problems in endocrinology. Leptin may be a pivotal player in this scenario, as an adipokine which centrally regulates appetite and energy balance. In obesity, excessive caloric intake promotes a low-grade inflammatory response, which leads to dysregulations in lipid storage and adipokine secretion. In turn, these entail alterations in leptin sensitivity, leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier and defects in post-receptor signaling. Furthermore, hypothalamic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress may increase the expression of molecules which may disrupt leptin signaling. Abundant evidence has linked obesity and leptin resistance, which may precede or occur simultaneously to IR and DM2. Thus, leptin sensitivity may be a potential early therapeutic target that demands further preclinical and clinical research. Modulators of insulin sensitivity have been tested in animal models and small clinical trials with promising results, especially in combination with agents such as amylin and GLP-1 analogs, in particular, due to their central activity in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José Pérez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | | | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Yaneth Herazo
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Lissé Angarita
- Escuela de Nutricion y Dietetica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepcion, Chile
| | - Diana Marcela Rojas
- Escuela de Nutricion y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis D'Marco
- Hospital Clinico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Servicio de Nefrologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Valmore Bermudez
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Amelioration of diet-induced metabolic syndrome and fatty liver with sitagliptin via regulation of adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic Adiponectin/AMPK levels in mice. Biochimie 2020; 168:198-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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d'Angelo M, Castelli V, Tupone MG, Catanesi M, Antonosante A, Dominguez-Benot R, Ippoliti R, Cimini AM, Benedetti E. Lifestyle and Food Habits Impact on Chronic Diseases: Roles of PPARs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215422. [PMID: 31683535 PMCID: PMC6862628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that exert important functions in mediating the pleiotropic effects of diverse exogenous factors such as physical exercise and food components. Particularly, PPARs act as transcription factors that control the expression of genes implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism, and cellular proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advancements reported on the effects of lifestyle and food habits on PPAR transcriptional activity in chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Tupone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Mariano Catanesi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Reyes Dominguez-Benot
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Lee P, Teng C, Hsieh K, Chiou Y, Wu J, Lu T, Pan M. Adzuki Bean Water Extract Attenuates Obesity by Modulating M2/M1 Macrophage Polarization and Gut Microbiota Composition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900626. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Sheng Lee
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Yi Teng
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Kun‐Feng Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Shiou Chiou
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Jia‐Ching Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational HealthCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung University Tainan 704 Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Jang Lu
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Min‐Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition BiotechnologyAsia University Taichung 41354 Taiwan
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