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Apostolopoulos Y, Sönmez S, Thiese MS, Olufemi M, Gallos LK. A blueprint for a new commercial driving epidemiology: An emerging paradigm grounded in integrative exposome and network epistemologies. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:515-531. [PMID: 38689533 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Excess health and safety risks of commercial drivers are largely determined by, embedded in, or operate as complex, dynamic, and randomly determined systems with interacting parts. Yet, prevailing epidemiology is entrenched in narrow, deterministic, and static exposure-response frameworks along with ensuing inadequate data and limiting methods, thereby perpetuating an incomplete understanding of commercial drivers' health and safety risks. This paper is grounded in our ongoing research that conceptualizes health and safety challenges of working people as multilayered "wholes" of interacting work and nonwork factors, exemplified by complex-systems epistemologies. Building upon and expanding these assumptions, herein we: (a) discuss how insights from integrative exposome and network-science-based frameworks can enhance our understanding of commercial drivers' chronic disease and injury burden; (b) introduce the "working life exposome of commercial driving" (WLE-CD)-an array of multifactorial and interdependent work and nonwork exposures and associated biological responses that concurrently or sequentially impact commercial drivers' health and safety during and beyond their work tenure; (c) conceptualize commercial drivers' health and safety risks as multilayered networks centered on the WLE-CD and network relational patterns and topological properties-that is, arrangement, connections, and relationships among network components-that largely govern risk dynamics; and (d) elucidate how integrative exposome and network-science-based innovations can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of commercial drivers' chronic disease and injury risk dynamics. Development, validation, and proliferation of this emerging discourse can move commercial driving epidemiology to the frontier of science with implications for policy, action, other working populations, and population health at large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sevil Sönmez
- College of Business, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew S Thiese
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mubo Olufemi
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lazaros K Gallos
- DIMACS, Center for Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Gawlik A, Haberstock S, Beckert J, Zepp C. What moves truck drivers? A person-centered perspective on workplace physical activity promotion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024; 30:425-435. [PMID: 38326221 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2315898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. In developing physical activity (PA) promotion measures in the workplace, individual needs of the target groups must be considered. For this reason, this study aimed to qualitatively identify the individual needs for an increase of PA in truck drivers, representing a neglected working group in terms of PA promotion. Methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted (N = 19; mean age 50.5 years, SD 11.4 years; 10.5% female). The interview guide was based on the COM-B model to identify needs related to PA behavior in terms of capabilities, opportunities and motivation. The interviews were transcribed and coded by two independent investigators. Results. Altogether, the codes encompassed 395 statements, and the code system contained 14 codes. Three additional codes described further individual needs related to other health behaviors (nutrition, recreation) or external incentives for health interventions. Conclusion. The results reveal a variety of needs that are fundamental to the development of PA-promoting interventions for truck drivers. These needs appear to be closely linked, so a combination of capabilities, opportunities and/or motivation should be considered when developing holistic interventions. An example would be linking automatic motivation and psychological capabilities that encompass motivational techniques combined with information for psychoeducation of truck drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeli Gawlik
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Johanna Beckert
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Zepp
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
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de Winter J, Driessen T, Dodou D, Cannoo A. Exploring the challenges faced by Dutch truck drivers in the era of technological advancement. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1352979. [PMID: 38726231 PMCID: PMC11080617 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1352979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite their important role in the economy, truck drivers face several challenges, including adapting to advancing technology. The current study investigated the occupational experiences of Dutch truck drivers to detect common patterns. Methods A questionnaire was distributed to professional drivers in order to collect data on public image, traffic safety, work pressure, transport crime, driver shortage, and sector improvements. Results The findings based on 3,708 respondents revealed a general dissatisfaction with the image of the industry and reluctance to recommend the profession. A factor analysis of the questionnaire items identified two primary factors: 'Work Pressure', more common among national drivers, and 'Safety & Security Concerns', more common among international drivers. A ChatGPT-assisted analysis of textbox comments indicated that vehicle technology received mixed feedback, with praise for safety and fuel-efficiency improvements, but concerns about reliability and intrusiveness. Discussion In conclusion, Dutch professional truck drivers indicate a need for industry improvements. While the work pressure for truck drivers in general may not be high relative to certain other occupational groups, truck drivers appear to face a deficit of support and respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost de Winter
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Tom Driessen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Dodou
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Aschwin Cannoo
- Transporteffect BV & Chauffeursnieuws, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Harduar Morano L, Morawski BM, Herzig CTA, Edens C, Barskey AE, Luckhaupt SE. Legionnaires' disease in transportation, construction and other occupations in 39 US jurisdictions, 2014-2016. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:163-166. [PMID: 38360725 PMCID: PMC11167715 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-109108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain workers are at increased risk for acquiring Legionnaires' disease compared with other workers. This study aims to identify occupations at increased risk for acquiring Legionnaires' disease. METHODS Using data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Supplemental Legionnaires' Disease Surveillance System, this study identified Legionnaires' disease confirmed patients ≥16 years of age in 39 states with reported symptom onset during 2014-2016. Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) stratified by occupation group were calculated by comparing Legionnaires' disease patients in an occupation group (eg, transportation) to those in all other occupation groups (eg, non-transportation). RESULTS A total of 2553 patients had a known occupation group. The two occupations with the highest burden were transportation (N=287; IRR=2.11) and construction (N=269; IRR=1.82). Truck drivers comprised the majority (69.7%) of the transportation occupation group and construction labourers comprised almost half (49%) of the construction occupation group. The healthcare support occupation had the highest IRR (N=75; IRR=2.16). CONCLUSION Transportation and construction workers, who are generally not covered by guidance related to building water systems, have increased risk of Legionnaires' disease compared with other workers. One hypothesised risk factor for truck drivers is the use of non-genuine windshield cleaner in their vehicles. A simple intervention is to use genuine windshield cleaner with bactericidal properties (ie, includes isopropanol/methanol) which can reduce the risk of Legionella growth and transmission. To improve surveillance of Legionnaires' disease and identification of similar exposures, the authors encourage the collection of occupation and industry information for all patients with Legionnaires' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Harduar Morano
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bozena M Morawski
- Idaho Hospital Association, Boise, Idaho, USA
- CDC assignee to the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Carolyn T A Herzig
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- CDC assignee to the Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chris Edens
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Albert E Barskey
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sara E Luckhaupt
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Damen MAW, Detaille SI, Engels JA, De Lange AH. Perceived Factors Influencing Blue-Collar Workers' Participation in Worksite Health Promotion Programs in Freight Transport: A Qualitative Investigation Using the TDF and COM-B. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:116. [PMID: 38276810 PMCID: PMC10815228 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Blue-collar workers in the freight transport industry report a high risk of developing chronic diseases, partly due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Worksite health promotion programs (WHPPs) may be able to promote a healthier lifestyle, but participation among blue-collar workers in these programs is generally lower than among other workers. The current study aimed to further examine factors that can explain participation of blue-collar workers in these programs. A pragmatic, qualitative study was conducted, and semi-structured interviews were held with 32 blue-collar workers in freight transport in the Netherlands (94% men, 81% driver, mean age 48 (SD = 11)). The interview guide was based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model, and was used to assess perceived determinants that influence participation. A combination of framework analysis and thematic analysis was conducted, which yielded the following nine main themes: (i) not being aware of WHPPs on offer, (ii) no clear picture of what to expect, (iii) (not) giving priority to health, (iv) expecting feedback and practical support, (v) being open and ready to change, (vi) preferring to be self-dependent, (vii) being offered a practical, fun and joint WHPP, (viii) having an employer who cares, thinks along and facilitates participation, and (ix) working and living in an environment in which a healthy lifestyle is not the norm. With these insights we were able to formulate recommendations to enhance the participation of blue-collar workers in WHPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. W. Damen
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, P.O. Box 2960, 6401 DL Heerlen, The Netherlands
- School of Organization and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah I. Detaille
- School of Organization and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine A. Engels
- School of Organization and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annet H. De Lange
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, P.O. Box 2960, 6401 DL Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hotel School of Management, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Campus de A Coruña, Universidade da Coruña, 15701 A Coruña, Spain
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Snyder P, Carbone E, Heaton K, Hammond S. Program Evaluation of Fit to Pass®, a Remotely Accessible Health Promotion Program for Commercial Motor Vehicle Truck Drivers. Workplace Health Saf 2024; 72:6-12. [PMID: 37646375 DOI: 10.1177/21650799231193587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic health conditions are highly prevalent among truck drivers due to many unique occupational and environmental stressors. Health promotion programs are shown to be effective in improving truck driver health outcomes; however, there is no research on whether such programs can increase the length of a driver's Department of Transportation (DOT) medical certificate. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate Fit to Pass (FTP), a remotely accessible health promotion program available for truck drivers on improved health outcomes and increased DOT medical certificate length. METHOD Program evaluation included an evaluation of the FTP coaching guide against evidence-based practice guidelines. An analysis of a limited dataset of 22 truck driver records examined the effectiveness of the program in achieving improved health outcomes and increased medical certification length. FINDINGS A review of the literature revealed three major themes: (a) motivational interviewing to increase driver intention and self-efficacy; (b) mobile health care technology to connect hard-to-reach truck drivers; and (c) effectiveness of structured multicomponent health promotion programs. After participation in FTP, truck drivers experienced a mean decrease in weight and body mass index (BMI) of 4.6 lbs and 1.3 kg/m2, respectively. The lengths of initial DOT medical certificates were compared with DOT medical certificates received at the time of recertification (post-FTP). Only eight participants had the potential for improvement in certificate length. Of those, three truck drivers achieved an increased DOT medical certificate length at the time of recertification. CONCLUSION/APPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE FTP offers tailored and comprehensive health coaching for truck drivers using current evidence-based practice guidelines to educate and reinforce healthy lifestyle habits. Analysis of a limited dataset revealed a mean decrease in BMI and a trend of increased DOT medical certification lengths after participation in FTP; however, further research with larger sample sizes is recommended.
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Crizzle AM, Wawzonek PA, Bigelow PL. Health Comparisons Between Truck Drivers and the General Population Using the Canadian Community Health Survey. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:20-27. [PMID: 37800354 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined and compared risk factors and health conditions of truck drivers compared with the general Canadian population. METHODS This study used the Canadian Community Health Survey consisting of 991 male truck drivers and 29,958 male respondents of the general population. RESULTS Compared with the general population, truck drivers were older, less educated, had lower incomes, worked more hours, and were more likely to be widowed/separated/divorced. In addition, truck drivers had significantly higher rates of cardiovascular disease and obesity and were more likely to be sedentary, smoke, drive when fatigued, and eat unhealthy compared with the general population. CONCLUSIONS Multicomponent interventions are needed to address the poor lifestyle practices of truckers to reduce the high rates of morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Crizzle
- Form the School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada (A.M.C.); and School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada (A.M.C., P.A.W., P.L.B.)
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Pratt S, Hagan-Haynes K. Applying a Health Equity Lens to Work-Related Motor Vehicle Safety in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6909. [PMID: 37887647 PMCID: PMC10606728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of fatal work-related injuries in the United States. Research assessing sociodemographic risk disparities for work-related MVCs is limited, yet structural and systemic inequities at work and during commutes likely contribute to disproportionate MVC risk. This paper summarizes the literature on risk disparities for work-related MVCs by sociodemographic and employment characteristics and identifies worker populations that have been largely excluded from previous research. The social-ecological model is used as a framework to identify potential causes of disparities at five levels-individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy. Expanded data collection and analyses of work-related MVCs are needed to understand and reduce disparities for pedestrian workers, workers from historically marginalized communities, workers with overlapping vulnerabilities, and workers not adequately covered by employer policies and safety regulations. In addition, there is a need for more data on commuting-related MVCs in the United States. Inadequate access to transportation, which disproportionately affects marginalized populations, may make travel to and from work less safe and limit individuals' access to employment. Identifying and remedying inequities in work-related MVCs, whether during the day or while commuting, will require the efforts of industry and multiple public sectors, including public health, transportation, and labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pratt
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
- Strategic Innovative Solutions, LLC, Clearwater, FL 33760, USA
| | - Kyla Hagan-Haynes
- Injury and Violence Prevention Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Western States Division, Denver, CO 80225, USA
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Scott E, Luschen K, Hansen-Ruiz C, Krupa N, Hirabayashi L, Graham J, Jensen N, Jenkins P. Factors associated with injury among Maine logging workers. Am J Ind Med 2023; 66:866-875. [PMID: 37488955 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite dramatic improvements in safety, logging remains one of the most dangerous industries in the United States. The purpose of this study was to explore longitudinal injury trends among Maine logging workers. METHODS Loggers participated in seven quarterly surveys, over the course of 18 months. Categorical and free text data related to traumatic and acute injury, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), and chronic pain were exported from REDCap into SAS 9.4, Excel, and NVivo, for quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively. Time to injury was modeled using two different approaches: (1) time to the occurrence of first injury modeled by proportional hazard regression and (2) an intensity model for injury frequency. Two research team members also analyzed qualitative data using a content analysis approach. RESULTS During the study, 204 injuries were reported. Of the 154 participants, 93 (60.4%) reported musculoskeletal pain on at least one survey. The majority of injuries were traumatic, including fractures, sprains, and strains. Lack of health insurance was found to be related to increased risk of first injury [HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.97-2.04, p = 0.069]. Variables found to be related to injury intensity at the univariate level were: (1) a lack of health insurance [HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.04-2.20, p = 0.030], (2) age [HR for 10-year age increase;= 1.12, 95% CI = 0.99-1.27, p = 0.082], and (3) years employed in logging industry [HR for 10-year increase = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.99-1.26, p = 0.052]. Seeking medical attention for injury was not a priority for this cohort, and narratives revealed a trend for self-assessment. A variety of barriers, including finances, prevented loggers from seeking medical attention. DISCUSSION We found that loggers still experience serious, and sometimes disabling, injuries associated with their work. It was unsurprising that many injuries were due to slips, trips, and falls, along with contact with logging equipment and trees/logs. The narratives revealed various obstacles preventing loggers from achieving optimal health. Examples included geographic distance from healthcare, lack of time to access care, and entrenched values that prioritized independence and traditional masculinity. Financial considerations were also consistently cited as a primary barrier to adequate care. CONCLUSION There is a continued need to emphasize occupational health and safety in the logging industry. Implementation of relevant safety programs is key, but it is likely that the benefits of these will not be fully realized until a cultural shift takes place within this industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Scott
- Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (NEC), Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Luschen
- Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (NEC), Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | - Cristina Hansen-Ruiz
- Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (NEC), Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Krupa
- Bassett Medical Center, Bassett Research Institute, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | - Liane Hirabayashi
- Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (NEC), Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | - Judy Graham
- Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (NEC), Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | - Nora Jensen
- Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (NEC), Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | - Paul Jenkins
- Bassett Medical Center, Bassett Research Institute, Cooperstown, New York, USA
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Barnes A. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Screening for Commercial Drivers Examined in Occupational Practice: Implementing Evidence-Based Practice to Champion the Health of Essential Workers. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:465-475. [PMID: 37458206 DOI: 10.1177/21650799231184374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with 20% of deaths in adults under age 65. Commercial drivers have an increased CVD incidence rate of 50% compared to 30% for the general population, yet one third of drivers will not be screened for risk factors due to a lack of insurance or primary care. With approximately 3.5 million commercial drivers nationally and correlation of CVD to increased motor vehicle accidents, fatalities, and excessive healthcare costs, addressing the care gap for this high-risk population is imperative. METHODS An evidence-based practice (EBP) project synthesized the literature and implemented CVD risk screening for commercial drivers examined in an occupational practice setting. Using the non-laboratory Framingham CVD risk score calculator, over 90% of drivers were screened during mandated medical examinations and provided education regarding modifiable risk factors during a 2-month period. FINDINGS Over 40% of commercial drivers were at high risk for CVD with 25% uninsured and 32% without primary care. The average CVD risk score was twice the general population's risk score, with obesity, hypertension, and smoking being the most common risk factors discussed. CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE Incorporating CVD risk screening and education during opportune encounters is logical, efficient, and financially prudent. The EBP change supports occupational professionals' standards, and ongoing review of CVD screening guidelines with integration into practice provides health promotion and promotes public safety for these essential workers.
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Aryal A, Janssen B, Casteel C, Fethke NB, Buikema B, Cho H, Rohlman DS. Applying the Worker Well-Being Framework to Identify Factors that Impact Turnover Among Long-Haul Truck Drivers. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:419-428. [PMID: 37387518 DOI: 10.1177/21650799231178636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drivers in the long-haul trucking industry have chronic health conditions, engage in unhealthy behaviors, and leave the industry at high rates. Previous work has not considered the health and safety outcomes resulting from the conditions of work in the trucking industry and their role in turnover. The goal of this study was to understand the expectations of an incoming workforce, explore how work conditions impact their well-being, and identify strategies for retention. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted among current long-haul drivers and supervisors at trucking companies, and students and instructors at trucking schools (n = 33). Participants were asked about why they decided to enter the industry, their health challenges related to being in the trucking industry and whether these challenges were related to turnover, and strategies for retention. FINDINGS Health conditions, differences in job expectations, and work demands were associated with leaving the industry. Workplace policies and culture (e.g., lack of supervisor support, schedules that limited home time, company size, and lack of benefits) were associated with workers' intention to leave an organization. Strategies identified to improve retention included integrating health and wellness into onboarding, creating realistic job expectations for those entering the industry, establishing relationships with drivers and dispatchers, and developing policies to limit time away from family. CONCLUSION/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE Turnover in the trucking industry is a persistent problem and leads to a shortage of skilled workers, increases the workload, and reduces productivity. Understanding the relationship between the conditions of work and well-being provides a more holistic approach to address the health, safety, and well-being of long-haul truck drivers. Health conditions, differences in job expectations, and work demands were associated with leaving the industry. Workplace policies and culture (e.g., supervisor support, schedules that limited home time, lack of benefits) were associated with workers' intention to leave an organization. These conditions provide an opportunity for occupational health interventions to promote the physical as well as psychological health of long-haul truck drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashamsa Aryal
- College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa
- Arkansas Department of Health
| | - Brandi Janssen
- College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa
| | - Carri Casteel
- College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa
| | - Nathan B Fethke
- College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa
| | - Brenda Buikema
- College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa
| | - Hyunkeun Cho
- College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa
| | - Diane S Rohlman
- College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa
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Wipfli B, Rice SP, Olson R, Ha K, Trullinger-Dwyer C, Bodner T. Describing Physical Activity Patterns of Truck Drivers Using Actigraphy. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:340-346. [PMID: 37818216 PMCID: PMC10562106 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Truck driving is a highly sedentary occupation that places workers at risk for chronic health conditions, such as obesity and high blood pressure. The primary purpose of this study was to objectively describe truck drivers' typical physical activity (PA) patterns. Methods We used ∼7-10-day baseline PA actigraphy data samples from drivers in the Safety & Health Involvement For Truckers (SHIFT) study (n = 394). Driver PA patterns (e.g., average number of ≥10 minute Freedson bouts per week, time in bouts, and common days/times for PA) were summarized with descriptive analyses. We also compared objective accelerometer data to self-reports. Results Drivers' weekly PA averaged 14.4 minutes (SD = 37.0), and most PA occurred between 5-6 pm on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. Drivers overestimated self-reported weekly exercise by over 60 min/week compared to accelerometer data. Conclusion Our results suggest that objective PA assessment may be warranted over self-report when possible, and timing may be key in future PA intervention work with truck drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Wipfli
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sean P.M. Rice
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ryan Olson
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kasey Ha
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlyn Trullinger-Dwyer
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Todd Bodner
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
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Wingate KC, Pratt S, Ramirez-Cardenas A, Hagan-Haynes K. Risky driving behaviors and employer motor vehicle safety policies among U.S. oil and gas extraction workers. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 86:12-20. [PMID: 37718039 PMCID: PMC10505701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over half of fatal occupational injuries in the oil and gas extraction (OGE) industry are due to transportation incidents. While driving for work is common in this industry and risky driving behaviors have been identified as contributing factors to fatal crashes among OGE workers, limited information is available on the frequency of risky driving behaviors and employer policies to reduce these behaviors. METHODS Researchers conducted a cross-sectional survey of OGE workers in three states. Responses from 363 OGE workers who drive as a part of their work duties were analyzed to evaluate relationships between self-reported risky driving behaviors (i.e., speeding, cell phone use, and driving unbelted) and awareness of motor vehicle safety policies by their employers. RESULTS Hands-free cell phone use was the most common risky driving behavior among participants (59.8%), while a hands-free cell phone ban was the least commonly reported employer motor vehicle safety policy (34.7%). Multiple logistic regression results identified longer work and commuting hours, lack of employer motor vehicle safety policies, having ever been in a work crash, and being employed by an operator to be significantly associated with risky driving behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Workers whose employers lacked motor vehicle safety policies were more likely to engage in risky driving behaviors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Results of this survey support the implementation of motor vehicle safety interventions such as bans on texting and handheld and hands-free cell phone use, speed management, and in-vehicle monitoring systems by OGE employers as well as research focusing on the effectiveness of these interventions in OGE. Additional research could examine worker driving behaviors through self-reported data in combination with objective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C Wingate
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, W 6th Avenue/Kipling Street, Denver, CO 80225, United States
| | - Stephanie Pratt
- Strategic Innovative Solutions, LLC, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Alejandra Ramirez-Cardenas
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, W 6th Avenue/Kipling Street, Denver, CO 80225, United States
| | - Kyla Hagan-Haynes
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, W 6th Avenue/Kipling Street, Denver, CO 80225, United States.
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14
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Kraut A, Peters CE, Rydz E, Walld R. Acute myocardial infarctions identified in the Manitoba Occupational Disease Surveillance System: A linkage of worker's compensation and provincial health data. Am J Ind Med 2023; 66:679-686. [PMID: 37249122 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to identify jobs and industries that may be associated with increased or decreased risk of myocardial infarction. METHODS We linked provincial health care data with Workers Compensation Board (WCB) of Manitoba claims data to create the Manitoba Occupational Disease Surveillance System (MODSS). Workers were eligible for inclusion in this study if their WCB claim listed an occupation, their claim could be linked to health data, they had an accepted non-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compensation time loss claim and were free of a recent (<1 year) AMI diagnosis at the start of disease follow-up. AMI cases were identified as the most-responsible diagnosis in the hospitalization file (ICD-9 410 or ICD-10 I20). Cases were included if they occurred after the WCB record injury date until end of coverage, either through moving out of province, reaching age 65, death, or the end of the study period (March 1, 2020). RESULTS We identified 1880 incident AMIs amongst 150,022 claims recorded in the MODSS (1.25%). A number of industries and occupations were found to have higher and lower AMI rates. Care providers and educational, legal, and public protection support occupations had a lower hazard ratio (HR; 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-0.92) compared to the overall cohort. Female chefs and cooks, and male butchers and bakers had elevated AMI HRs. Both male and female transport and heavy equipment operators and related maintenance occupations had increased HRs (1.48; 95% CI: 1.30-1.67). Often male and female workers employed in the same occupations had congruent AMI risks, but this was not always the case. CONCLUSIONS The linkage of a WCB data set with provincial health claims data led to the identification of a number of occupations with elevated risks of AMI in Manitoba. This was most notable in the transportation industry. Identifying work areas with increased risk of AMIs could lead to targeted educational efforts and potential workplace modifications to lower this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Kraut
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cheryl E Peters
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- CAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ela Rydz
- CAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Randy Walld
- Manitoba Center for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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15
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Lemke MK, Houghtaling B, Winkler MR, Hege A. Rethinking Efforts to Improve Dietary Patterns Among Long-Haul Truck Drivers: Transforming Truck Stop Retail Food Environments Through Upstream Change. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:755-759. [PMID: 36719742 PMCID: PMC10330639 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231155050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of upstream occupational exposures influence poor dietary patterns that contribute to cardiometabolic health disparities among long-haul truck drivers in the United States. Herein, we delineate the unique characteristics of the truck driving profession that shape dietary patterns. Next, we discuss current health promotion efforts and why they are unlikely to be sufficient for improving population-level dietary patterns. We then advocate for prioritizing health promotion efforts that target upstream factors that influence population dietary patterns and have the potential to holistically and sustainably support drivers' nutrition. Finally, we propose novel research directions to catalyze upstream-oriented health promotion efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bailey Houghtaling
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Megan R. Winkler
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam Hege
- Department of Public Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
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16
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Lee P, Xia T, Zomer E, van Vreden C, Pritchard E, Newnam S, Collie A, Iles R, Ademi Z. Exploring the Health and Economic Burden Among Truck Drivers in Australia: A Health Economic Modelling Study. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:389-398. [PMID: 36357754 PMCID: PMC9648998 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The transport and logistics industry contributes to a significant proportion of the Australian economy. However, few studies have explored the economic and clinical burden attributed to poor truck driver health. We therefore estimated the work-related mortality burden among truck drivers over a 10-year period. Methods Dynamic life table modelling was used to simulate the follow-up of the Australian male working-age population (aged 15-65 years) over a 10-year period of follow-up (2021-2030). The model estimated the number of deaths occurring among the Australian working population, as well as deaths occurring for male truck drivers. Data from the Driving Health study and other published sources were used to inform work-related mortality and associated productivity loss, hospitalisations and medication costs, patient utilities and the value of statistical life year (VoSLY). All outcomes were discounted by 5% per annum. Results Over 10 years, poor truck driver health was associated with a loss of 21,173 years of life lived (discounted), or 18,294 QALYs (discounted). Healthcare costs amounted to AU$485 million (discounted) over this period. From a broader, societal perspective, a total cost of AU$2.6 billion (discounted) in lost productivity and AU$4.7 billion in lost years of life was estimated over a 10-year period. Scenario analyses supported the robustness of our findings. Conclusions The health and economic consequences of poor driver health are significant, and highlight the need for interventions to reduce the burden of work-related injury or disease for truck drivers and other transport workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lee
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Ting Xia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ella Zomer
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caryn van Vreden
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Pritchard
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharon Newnam
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Collie
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ross Iles
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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17
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Damen MAW, Detaille SI, Robroek SJW, Engels JA, de Lange AH. Factors associated with blue-collar workers' participation in Worksite Health Promotion Programs: a scoping literature review. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad052. [PMID: 37379570 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of employers implement worksite health promotion programs (WHPPs). In particular, blue-collar workers may benefit from these WHPPs. However, they are less likely than other workers to participate and little is known about which factors affect their participation. The aim of this scoping literature review is to produce an overview of studies on factors associated with blue-collar workers' participation in WHPPs. Five databases were searched: BSU, PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science and CINAHL. The review included peer-reviewed empirical studies on determinants associated with blue-collar workers' participation in WHPPs. Factors were extracted and categorized. Similar determinants were clustered and the direction of the associations was further examined. Nineteen papers describing 11 qualitative and 4 quantitative studies met the eligibility criteria. Seventy-seven determinants were analyzed (in quantitative studies) or reported (in qualitative studies). In most studies, only participant characteristics were investigated. Participation may be enhanced by addressing needs, tailoring from a broad range of activities, offering group activities, requiring little effort and commitment at the start, using incentives, leading by example and combining WHPPs with occupational safety interventions. WHPPs seem to be able to reach blue-collar workers, but it remains particularly challenging to reach shift workers and those who do not yet experience health complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A W Damen
- School of Organisation and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, PO Box 2960, 6401 DL, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah I Detaille
- School of Organisation and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan J W Robroek
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josephine A Engels
- School of Organisation and Development, Han University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Annet H de Lange
- Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, PO Box 2960, 6401 DL, Heerlen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hotel School of Management, University of Stavanger, PO Box 8600, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Coruña, 15701, A Coruña, Spain
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18
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Lemke MK, Hege A, Crizzle AM. An Agenda for Advancing Research and Prevention at the Nexus of Work Organization, Occupational Stress, and Mental Health and Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6010. [PMID: 37297614 PMCID: PMC10252625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Work characteristics and worker well-being are inextricably connected. In particular, the characteristics of work organization shape and perpetuate occupational stress, which contributes to worker mental health and well-being outcomes. Consequently, the importance of understanding and addressing connections between work organization, occupational stress, and mental health and well-being-the focus of this Special Issue-increasingly demand attention from those affected by these issues. Thus, focusing on these issues in the long-haul truck driver (LHTD) sector as an illustrative example, the purpose of this commentary is as follows: (1) to outline current research approaches and the extant knowledge base regarding the connections between work organization, occupational stress, and mental health; (2) to provide an overview of current intervention strategies and public policy solutions associated with the current knowledge base to protect and promote worker mental health and well-being; and (3) to propose a two-pronged agenda for advancing research and prevention for workers during the 21st century. It is anticipated that this commentary, and this Special Issue more broadly, will both echo numerous other calls for building knowledge and engaging in this area and motivate further research within complementary current and novel research frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Lemke
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Adam Hege
- Department of Public Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA;
| | - Alexander M. Crizzle
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
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19
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Harris R, Beatty CJ, Cori JM, Spitz G, Soleimanloo SS, Peterson SA, Naqvi A, Barnes M, Downey LA, Shiferaw BA, Anderson C, Tucker AJ, Clark A, Rajaratnam SMW, Howard ME, Sletten TL, Wolkow AP. The impact of break duration, time of break onset, and prior shift duration on the amount of sleep between shifts in heavy vehicle drivers. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13730. [PMID: 36193767 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impact of break duration between consecutive shifts, time of break onset, and prior shift duration on total sleep time (TST) between shifts in heavy vehicle drivers (HVDs), and to assess the interaction between break duration and time of break onset. The sleep (actigraphy and sleep diaries) and work shifts (work diaries) of 27 HVDs were monitored during their usual work schedule for up to 9 weeks. Differences in TST between consecutive shifts and days off were assessed. Linear mixed models (followed by pairwise comparisons) assessed whether break duration, prior shift duration, time of break onset, and the interaction between break duration and break onset were related to TST between shifts. Investigators found TST between consecutive shifts (mean [SD] 6.38 [1.38] h) was significantly less than on days off (mean [SD] 7.63 [1.93] h; p < 0.001). Breaks starting between 12:01 and 8:00 a.m. led to shorter sleep (p < 0.05) compared to breaks starting between 4:01 and 8:00 p.m. Break durations up to 7, 9, and 11 h (Australian and European minimum break durations) resulted in a mean (SD) of 4.76 (1.06), 5.66 (0.77), and 6.41 (1.06) h of sleep, respectively. The impact of shift duration prior to the break and the interaction between break duration and time of break were not significant. HVDs' sleep between workdays is influenced independently by break duration and time of break onset. This naturalistic study provides evidence that current break regulations prevent sufficient sleep duration in this industry. Work regulations should evaluate appropriate break durations and break onset times to allow longer sleep opportunities for HVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Harris
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline J Beatty
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Cori
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gershon Spitz
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shamsi Shekari Soleimanloo
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott A Peterson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aqsa Naqvi
- Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maree Barnes
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke A Downey
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brook A Shiferaw
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.,Seeing Machines Ltd., Fyshwick, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Clare Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Tucker
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Clark
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark E Howard
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracey L Sletten
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander P Wolkow
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Huynh TB, McClure LA, Howard VJ, Stafford MM, Judd SE, Burstyn I. Duration of employment within occupations and incident stroke in a US general population cohort 45 years of age or older (REGARDS study). Am J Ind Med 2023; 66:142-154. [PMID: 36440885 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The work environment can contribute to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including stroke. Our objective was to identify occupations with elevated risk of stroke within the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. METHODS We analyzed incident stroke outcomes (ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes) from 2003 to 2020 and employment characteristics of 13,659 adults aged ≥45 years enrolled in a national population-based cohort study. Using a modified Poisson regression approach, we estimated the relative risks (RRs) and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) of stroke in relation to years of employment within each occupation coded using the US Census two-digit Standard Occupation Code. Models were adjusted for Framingham Stroke Risk Score, region, race, age, and body mass index. We conducted stratified analysis by sex, employment time period (pre-1975 vs. post-1975), and region. RESULTS Workers in the following occupations had a greater risk of stroke with longer duration of employment (per decade): protective service (RR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.11, 4.97), food preparation and service (RR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.19), and transportation and material moving (RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.69). The stroke risk in these occupations was disproportionately elevated in men, and differed by region and employment time period. CONCLUSIONS Longer employment in protective service, food preparation and serving, and transportation and materials moving occupations may increase the risk of stroke. Surveillance may uncover specific work-related risk factors in these occupations, leading to interventions to reduce the burden of stroke among US workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran B Huynh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Monika M Stafford
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Burstyn
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Sleep Variability in UK Long Distance Heavy Goods Vehicle Drivers. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:67-73. [PMID: 36608152 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep variability levels are unknown in heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers yet are associated with adverse health outcomes and reduced driver vigilance when high. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-three HGV drivers recruited across 25 UK depots provided sleep variability, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency data via wrist-worn accelerometry (GENEActiv) over 8 days. Sleep variability indicators included social jetlag (the difference in midpoint of the sleep window between work and nonworkdays) and intraindividual variability of sleep window onset time, out-of-bed time, and sleep duration. RESULTS Fifty-three percent of drivers experienced social jetlag (≥1 hour), and 27% experienced high (>2 hours) social jetlag. Drivers with the highest sleep variability had the shortest sleep duration and lowest sleep efficiency during workdays. CONCLUSIONS Drivers with high sleep variability may experience more fatigue when driving given the poor sleep outcomes during workdays observed.
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22
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Lemke MK, Thiese MS, Hege A, Ogbonnaya UC, Hegmann KT. Metabolic syndrome among commercial truck drivers: The relationship between condition prevalence and crashes. Am J Ind Med 2023; 66:54-64. [PMID: 36268908 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is especially prevalent among US truck drivers. However, there has been limited research exploring associations between MetS conditions with roadway crashes among truck drivers. The objective of this paper is to assess relationships between specific combinations of individual MetS components and crashes and near-misses. METHODS Survey, biometric, and anthropometric data were collected from 817 truck drivers across 6 diverse US states. Survey data focused on demographics and roadway safety outcomes, and anthropometric/biometric data corresponded to five MetS conditions (waist circumference blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios of lifetime crashes and near-miss 1-month period prevalence associated with: 1) specific MetS conditions regardless of presence or absence of other MetS conditions, and 2) specific MetS conditions and counts of other accompanying MetS conditions. RESULTS Hypertension was the MetS characteristic most strongly associated with lifetime crash and 1-month near-miss outcomes, while high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and large waist circumference were most commonly present among groups of conditions associated with crashes and near-misses. Overall, an increasing number of specific co-occurring MetS conditions were associated with higher reporting of roadway crashes. CONCLUSIONS Specific combinations and higher prevalence of MetS conditions were associated with increased frequency of reported crashes. Moreover, when the co-occurrence of MetS conditions is aggregated, a dose-response relationship with crashes appears. These results suggest that policy changes and interventions addressing MetS may increase driver health and reduce crash risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lemke
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew S Thiese
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Utah and Weber State University, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Adam Hege
- Department of Public Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Uchenna C Ogbonnaya
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Utah and Weber State University, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kurt T Hegmann
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Utah and Weber State University, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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23
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Schneider L, Sogemeier D, Weber D, Jaitner T. Effects of a seat-integrated mobilization system on long-haul truck drivers motion activity, muscle stiffness and discomfort during a 4.5-h simulated driving task. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 106:103889. [PMID: 36113185 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a seat-integrated mobilization system on motion activity, muscle stiffness and discomfort during prolonged driving. METHOD During a 4.5-h driving task, motion activity, muscle stiffness and discomfort (measured subjectively and objectively) of long-haul truck drivers were determined and compared intra-individually in a test condition with mobilization (seat-integrated stimulation) and a control condition under standardized conditions in a simulated driving study (N = 16). RESULTS In the experimental condition, participants showed a significantly increased motion activity and a reduced muscle stiffness compared to the control condition. Furthermore, discomfort occurred significantly more frequently in the control condition. CONCLUSION The mobilization system increased motion activity and reduced discomfort as well as muscle stiffness. Therefore, it provides considerable potential to counteract negative effects of prolonged sitting and to promote truck driver's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schneider
- Daimler Truck AG, PE MB Trucks - Entire Vehicle & Cab, Fasanenweg 10, D-70771, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany; TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Otto-Hahn-Str. 3, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Denise Sogemeier
- Daimler Truck AG, PE MB Trucks - Entire Vehicle & Cab, Fasanenweg 10, D-70771, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany; Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute for Cognitive and Industrial Psychology, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik Weber
- Fraunhofer IIS, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Division Smart Sensing and Electronics, Am Wolfsmantel 33, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Jaitner
- TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Otto-Hahn-Str. 3, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
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Houghtaling B, Kourouma P, Pradhananga N, Balis L. Louisiana trucking companies' implementation of workplace health promotion programs: Explanatory sequential mixed method case study. Work 2023; 76:727-735. [PMID: 37066956 PMCID: PMC10657666 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trucking companies may be key partners for workplace health promotion programs to improve heavy and tractor-trailer drivers' health and wellbeing. OBJECTIVE To identify barriers and facilitators to implementing workplace health promotion programs among Louisiana trucking companies' leadership and staff. METHODS A case study approach following an explanatory sequential mixed method research design was used. A quantitative survey, based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), was adapted and distributed online to a convenience sample. Survey respondents were recruited for an interview to gain additional insight on multi-level barriers to implementing workplace health promotion programs. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe barriers and facilitators following TDF constructs. Qualitative data were independently coded among two researchers following the TDF and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to determine themes. RESULTS Eleven workplace leaders or staff took the survey. Two engaged in a follow-up interview. Regarding the quantitative results, most (82%) believed workplace health promotion programs would save their company money, although were not offering them. No TDF constructs were indicated as barriers given mixed results; however, several were facilitators: Social/Professional Role and Identity; Emotion; Action Planning; Knowledge; Motivation and Goals; and Beliefs about Consequences. Qualitative results captured several Inner (e.g., time, money) and Outer Setting contextual (e.g., truckers' needs and resources) factors considered important to trucking companies' implementation of health promotion programs. CONCLUSION Results suggest leadership and staff of Louisiana trucking companies value workplace health promotion programs, although are challenged by limited resources and the broader trucking environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Houghtaling
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) & LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Paulette Kourouma
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) & LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Nila Pradhananga
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) & LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Laura Balis
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Olson R, Cunningham TR, Nigam JAS, Anger WK, Rameshbabu A, Donovan C. Total Worker Health® and Organizational Behavior Management: Emerging Opportunities for Improving Worker Well-being. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01608061.2022.2146256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Olson
- Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Portland State University, Department of Psychology, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas R. Cunningham
- Division of Science Integration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,Cincinnati, USA
| | - Jeannie A. S. Nigam
- Division of Science Integration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,Cincinnati, USA
| | - W. Kent Anger
- Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anjali Rameshbabu
- Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Courtney Donovan
- Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Kia K, Bae HT, Johnson PW, Dennerlein JT, Kim JH. Evaluation of vertical and multi-axial suspension seats for reducing vertical-dominant and multi-axial whole body vibration and associated neck and low back joint torque and muscle activity. ERGONOMICS 2022; 65:1696-1710. [PMID: 35257643 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2051611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of this laboratory-based human subject study was to evaluate the biomechanical loading associated with mining vehicles' multi-axial whole body vibration (WBV) by comparing joint torque and muscle activity in the neck and low back during three vibration conditions: mining vehicles' multi-axial, on-road vehicles' vertical-dominant, and no vibration. Moreover, the secondary aim was to determine the efficacy of a vertical passive air suspension and a prototype multi-axial active suspension seat in reducing WBV exposures and associated biomechanical loading measures. The peak joint torque and muscle activity in the neck and low back were higher when exposed to multi-axial vibration compared to the vertical-dominant or no vibration condition. When comparing the two suspension seats, there were limited differences in WBV, joint torque, and muscle activity. These results indicate that there is a need to develop more effective engineering controls to lower exposures to multi-axial WBV and related biomechanical loading. Practitioner Summary: This study found that mining vehicles' multi-axial WBV can increase biomechanical loading in the neck and back more so than on-road vehicles' vertical-dominant WBV. While a newly-developed multi-axial active suspension seat slightly reduced the overall WBV exposures, the results indicate that more effective engineering controls should be developed. Abbreviation: APDF: amplitude probability density function; Aw: weighted average vibration; BMI: body mass index; C7: The 7th cervical vertebra; EMG: electromyography; ES: erector spinae; IRB: institutional review board; ISO: International Organization for Standardization; L5/S1: the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5)/the first sacral vertebra(S1); MSDs: musculoskeletal disorders; MVC: maximum voluntary contraction; PSD: power spectral density; RVC: reference voluntary contraction; SCM: sternocleidomastoid; SD: standard deviation; SPL: splenius capitis; TRAP: trapezius; VDV: vibration dose value; WBV: whole body vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Kia
- School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Harold T Bae
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Peter W Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jack T Dennerlein
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeong Ho Kim
- School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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27
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Aitken SC, Lalla-Edward ST, Kummerow M, Tenzer S, Harris BN, Venter WDF, Vos AG. A Retrospective Medical Record Review to Describe Health Status and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors of Bus Drivers in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15890. [PMID: 36497962 PMCID: PMC9738262 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. The occupational challenges of bus drivers may increase their risk of CVD, including developing obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. We evaluated the medical records of 266 bus drivers visiting an occupational medical practice between 2007 and 2017 in Johannesburg, South Africa, to determine the health status of bus drivers and investigate risk factors for CVD, and their impact on the ability to work. The participants were in majority male (99.3%) with a median age of 41.2 years (IQR 35.2); 23.7% were smokers, and 27.1% consumed alcohol. The median body mass index (BMI) was 26.8 m/kg2 (IQR 7.1), with 63.1% of participants having above normal BMI. Smoking, BMI, and hypertension findings were in line with national South African data, but diabetes prevalence was far lower. Undiagnosed hypertension was found in 9.4% of participants, uncontrolled hypertension in 5.6%, and diabetes in 3.0%. Analysis by BMI category found that obesity was significantly associated with increased odds of hypertension. Uncontrolled hypertension was the main reason for being deemed 'unfit to work' (35.3%). Our research highlights the need for more regular screening for hypertension and interventions to address high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Aitken
- Genesis Analytics, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Samanta T. Lalla-Edward
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Maren Kummerow
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stan Tenzer
- Farraday Medical Centre, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
| | - Bernice N. Harris
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - W. D. Francois Venter
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Alinda G. Vos
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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28
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Mabry JE, Camden M, Miller A, Sarkar A, Manke A, Ridgeway C, Iridiastadi H, Crowder T, Islam M, Soccolich S, Hanowski RJ. Unravelling the Complexity of Irregular Shiftwork, Fatigue and Sleep Health for Commercial Drivers and the Associated Implications for Roadway Safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14780. [PMID: 36429498 PMCID: PMC9690622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue can be a significant problem for commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers. The lifestyle of a long-haul CMV driver may include long and irregular work hours, inconsistent sleep schedules, poor eating and exercise habits, and mental and physical stress, all contributors to fatigue. Shiftwork is associated with lacking, restricted, and poor-quality sleep and variations in circadian rhythms, all shown to negatively affect driving performance through impaired in judgment and coordination, longer reaction times, and cognitive impairment. Overweight and obesity may be as high as 90% in CMV drivers, and are associated with prevalent comorbidities, including obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. As cognitive and motor processing declines with fatigue, driver performance decreases, and the risk of errors, near crashes, and crashes increases. Tools and assessments to determine and quantify the nature, severity, and impact of fatigue and sleep disorders across a variety of environments and populations have been developed and should be critically examined before being employed with CMV drivers. Strategies to mitigate fatigue in CMV operations include addressing the numerous personal, health, and work factors contributing to fatigue and sleepiness. Further research is needed across these areas to better understand implications for roadway safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Erin Mabry
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Matthew Camden
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Andrew Miller
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Aditi Manke
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Christiana Ridgeway
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hardianto Iridiastadi
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Tarah Crowder
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Mouyid Islam
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Susan Soccolich
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Richard J. Hanowski
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Clemes SA, Varela-Mato V, Bodicoat DH, Brookes CL, Chen YL, Cox E, Edwardson CL, Gray LJ, Guest A, Johnson V, Munir F, Paine NJ, Richardson G, Ruettger K, Sayyah M, Sherry A, Paola ASD, Troughton J, Walker S, Yates T, King J. A multicomponent structured health behaviour intervention to improve physical activity in long-distance HGV drivers: the SHIFT cluster RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3310/pnoy9785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Long-distance heavy goods vehicle drivers are exposed to a multitude of risk factors associated with their occupation. The working environment of heavy goods vehicle drivers provides limited opportunities for a healthy lifestyle, and, consequently, heavy goods vehicle drivers exhibit higher than nationally representative rates of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities, and are underserved in terms of health promotion initiatives.
Objective
The aim of this trial was to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the multicomponent Structured Health Intervention For Truckers (SHIFT) programme, compared with usual care, at both 6 months and 16–18 months.
Design
A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial, including a cost-effectiveness analysis and process evaluation.
Setting
Transport depots throughout the Midlands region of the UK.
Participants
Heavy goods vehicle drivers.
Intervention
The 6-month SHIFT programme included a group-based interactive 6-hour education session, health coach support and equipment provision [including a Fitbit® (Fitbit Inc., San Francisco, CA, US) and resistance bands/balls to facilitate a ‘cab workout’]. Clusters were randomised following baseline measurements to either the SHIFT arm or the control arm.
Main outcome measures
Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, with follow-up assessments occurring at both 6 months and 16–18 months. The primary outcome was device-measured physical activity, expressed as mean steps per day, at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included device-measured sitting, standing, stepping, physical activity and sleep time (on any day, workdays and non-workdays), along with adiposity, biochemical measures, diet, blood pressure, psychophysiological reactivity, cognitive function, functional fitness, mental well-being, musculoskeletal symptoms and work-related psychosocial variables. Cost-effectiveness and process evaluation data were collected.
Results
A total of 382 participants (mean ± standard deviation age: 48.4 ± 9.4 years; mean ± standard deviation body mass index: 30.4 kg/m2 ± 5.1 kg/m2; 99% male) were recruited across 25 clusters. Participants were randomised (at the cluster level) to either the SHIFT arm (12 clusters, n = 183) or the control arm (13 clusters, n = 199). At 6 months, 209 (54.7%) participants provided primary outcome data. Significant differences in mean daily steps were found between arms, with participants in the SHIFT arm accumulating 1008 more steps per day than participants in the control arm (95% confidence interval 145 to 1871 steps; p = 0.022), which was largely driven by the maintenance of physical activity levels in the SHIFT arm and a decline in physical activity levels in the control arm. Favourable differences at 6 months were also seen in the SHIFT arm, relative to the control arm, in time spent sitting, standing and stepping, and time in moderate or vigorous activity. No differences between arms were observed at 16–18 months’ follow-up. No differences were observed between arms in the other secondary outcomes at either follow-up (i.e. 6 months and 16–18 months). The process evaluation demonstrated that the intervention was well received by participants and that the intervention reportedly had a positive impact on their health behaviours. The average total cost of delivering the SHIFT programme was £369.57 per driver, and resulting quality-adjusted life-years were similar across trial arms (SHIFT arm: 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 1.25; control arm: 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.27).
Limitations
A higher (31.4%) than anticipated loss to follow-up was experienced at 6 months, with fewer (54.7%) participants providing valid primary outcome data at 6 months. The COVID-19 pandemic presents a major confounding factor, which limits our ability to draw firm conclusions regarding the sustainability of the SHIFT programme.
Conclusion
The SHIFT programme had a degree of success in positively impacting physical activity levels and reducing sitting time in heavy goods vehicle drivers at 6-months; however, these differences were not maintained at 16–18 months.
Future work
Further work involving stakeholder engagement is needed to refine the content of the programme, based on current findings, followed by the translation of the SHIFT programme into a scalable driver training resource.
Trial registration
This trial is registered as ISRCTN10483894.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 10, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Clemes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Veronica Varela-Mato
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Yu-Ling Chen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Edward Cox
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Charlotte L Edwardson
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Amber Guest
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Vicki Johnson
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Fehmidah Munir
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Katharina Ruettger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mohsen Sayyah
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Aron Sherry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Jacqui Troughton
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Simon Walker
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - James King
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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30
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Sieber WK, Chen GX, Krueger GP, Lincoln JE, Menéndez CC, O'Connor MB. Research gaps and needs for preventing worker fatigue in the transportation and utilities industries. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:857-866. [PMID: 35301725 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transportation and utilities industries include establishments engaged in the movement of passengers and freight, or the provision of public power, water, and other services. Along with the warehousing industry, they make up the US National Occupational Research Agenda's Transportation, Warehousing and Utilities (TWU) industry sector. In 2018 the sector composed 5% of the US workforce, with approximately 8 million workers. TWU workers experienced 19% of all fatalities among U.S. workers in 2018 and 7% of total occupational injuries and illnesses. METHODS Around-the-clock operations, heavy workloads, long and irregular shifts, complicated schedules, and time pressures characterize work across the US TWU sector. However, there are considerable differences in worker priorities and concerns between TWU industries. Major areas of concern within the sector include disparities in work schedules; required training for employee fatigue awareness and prevention; physical and mental job demands; and safety culture. RESULTS Strategies for fatigue mitigation are critical to reduce the prevalence of injuries, safety-critical events, and crashes in TWU workers. Further research on the incidence and characterization of fatigue among TWU workers will guide the development of effective mitigation strategies. The influence of work scheduling on missed sleep opportunities and disrupted circadian rhythms should be determined. Evaluation of fatigue mitigation strategies can lead to the adoption of the most effective ones for each TWU industry. CONCLUSION Implementation of effective strategies is critical for the health, safety, wellbeing, and productivity of workers in the TWU sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Karl Sieber
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Guang X Chen
- Division of Safety Research, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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31
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Al-Mekhlafi ABA, Isha ASN, Abdulrab M, Ajmal M, Kanwal N. Moderating effect of safety culture on the association inter work schedule and driving performance using the theory of situation awareness. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11289. [PMID: 36353165 PMCID: PMC9638756 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of work schedule on driving performance are relatively common. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand an organisation's safety culture to improve driver performance in order to avoid road crashes. This study aims to investigate the moderating role of safety culture in the relationship between driver work schedules and driving performance. The study developed a conceptual framework based on the literature review of existing studies, which is supported by situation awareness theory that explains the model's relationships and supports the study's hypotheses. Three hundred four questionnaires were collected from oil and gas truck drivers then Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to test the study hypotheses. Derived from the findings, the outer loading for all items was above the threshold of 0.70 unless two items were deleted. The latent exogenous variables of safety culture and work schedule explained 59.1% of driving performance. Besides, work schedule and safety culture significantly impact driving performance. In addition, the results show that safety culture moderates the unfavourable work schedule impact on driving performance with an effect size of 23%. Therefore, this study showed strong evidence that safety culture acts as a critical moderator in reducing the negative impact of work schedule on driving performance in the energy transportation sector. Drivers with high safety culture can manage and reduce the effect of work schedule disorder on driving performance through their safety attitude and patterns compared to those drivers with low safety culture. Consequently, the improvement in driving performance will be noticed among drivers with a high awareness of safety culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Isha
- Department of Management & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Abdulrab
- Management Department, Community College of Qatar, Doha 00974, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Management & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Noreen Kanwal
- Department of Management & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak, Malaysia
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32
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Kim J, Duvall CR, Blumenthal RS, Sutton NR. The necessity of improving cardiovascular health in commercial motor vehicle drivers. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 22:100206. [PMID: 38558903 PMCID: PMC10978424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers have an increased risk for cardiometabolic risk factors and higher rates of cardiovascular disease relative to the general population. Lifestyle factors, including the sedentary nature of driving and lack of access to healthy foods, contribute to the disproportionately high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among commercial vehicle (CMV) drivers. Occupational physicals represent an important opportunity to reach populations with a high prevalence and incidence of coronary artery disease who may not otherwise seek preventive care. These visits are an opportunity to discuss primary and secondary prevention, including lifestyle topics such as diet and exercise, and potentially recommend or implement preventive medical therapy when indicated. Future iterations of licensing guidelines for drivers should seek to incorporate updated recommendations regarding diet, physical activity, and preventive pharmacologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chloe R. Duvall
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nadia R. Sutton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Wingate KC, Scott KA, Pratt S, King B, Esswein EJ, Ramirez-Cardenas A, Snawder J, Hagan-Haynes K. Self-reported exposure to hazards and mitigation strategies among oil and gas extraction workers in three U.S. states. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2022; 19:676-689. [PMID: 36095237 PMCID: PMC9691573 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2123496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous health and safety hazards exist at U.S. onshore oil and gas extraction worksites. Higher fatal injury rates have been reported among drilling and servicing companies, which are more likely to employ workers in construction and extraction occupations, compared to operators that employ more workers in management and office and administrative support roles. However, there is little information describing the extent to which workers encounter these hazards, are provided hazard mitigation strategies by their employers, or use personal protective equipment (PPE). A cross-sectional survey of 472 U.S. oil and gas extraction workers was conducted to identify and characterize factors related to on-the-job fatalities, injuries, and illnesses and determine workers' health and safety concerns. Workers were employed by servicing companies (271/472, 57.4%), drilling contractors (106/472, 22.5%), and operators (95/472, 20.1%). The likelihood of contact with hazardous substances varied by substance and company type. Drilling and servicing employees had significantly higher odds of self-reported contact with pipe dope (ORdrilling = 10.07, 95% CI: 1.74-63.64; ORservicing = 5.95, 95% CI: 2.18-18.34), diesel exhaust (ORdrilling = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.15-5.05; ORservicing = 4.93, 95% CI: 2.73-10.32), and drilling mud (ORdrilling = 24.36, 95% CI: 4.45-144.69; ORservicing = 3.48, 95% CI: 1.24-12.20), compared to operators. Safety policies, programs, and trainings were commonly reported by workers, although substance-specific training (e.g., respirable crystalline silica hazards) was less common. Differences in self-reported employer PPE requirements and worker use of PPE when needed or required for safety highlight a need for novel strategies to improve the use of PPE. Overall, this study highlights differences in work conditions by company type and uncovers gaps in employer administrative controls and PPE use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C. Wingate
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kenneth A. Scott
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Stephanie Pratt
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Bradley King
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Eric J. Esswein
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - John Snawder
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kyla Hagan-Haynes
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Denver, Colorado
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Soccolich S, Ridgeway C, Mabry JE, Camden MC, Miller A, Iridiastadi H, Hanowski RJ. Challenges in Conducting Empirical Epidemiological Research with Truck and Bus Drivers in Diverse Settings in North America. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12494. [PMID: 36231791 PMCID: PMC9566617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over 6.5 million commercial vehicle drivers were operating a large truck or bus in the United States in 2020. This career often has high stress and long working hours, with few opportunities for physical activity. Previous research has linked these factors to adverse health conditions. Adverse health conditions affect not only the professional drivers' wellbeing but potentially also commercial motor vehicle (CMV) operators' safe driving ability and public safety for others sharing the roadway. The prevalence of health conditions with high impact on roadway safety in North American CMV drivers necessitates empirical epidemiological research to better understand and improve driver health. The paper presents four challenges in conducting epidemiological research with truck and bus drivers in North America and potential resolutions identified in past and current research. These challenges include (1) the correlation between driving performance, driving experience, and driver demographic factors; (2) the impact of medical treatment status on the relationship between health conditions and driver risk; (3) capturing accurate data in self-report data collection methods; and (4) reaching the CMV population for research. These challenges are common and influential in epidemiological research of this population, as drivers face severe health issues, health-related federal regulations, and the impact of vehicle operation on the safety of themselves and others using the roadways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Soccolich
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Christie Ridgeway
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jessica Erin Mabry
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Matthew C. Camden
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Andrew Miller
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hardianto Iridiastadi
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Richard J. Hanowski
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Crane MM, Newman K, Hebert-Beirne J, Abril EP, Powell LH, Appelhans BM. Weight Loss Program Preferences of Men Working in Blue-Collar Occupations: A Qualitative Inquiry. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221117932. [PMID: 36154524 PMCID: PMC9515537 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221117932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Men who work in blue-collar occupations (skilled and unskilled trades) experience high rates of obesity and comorbid conditions. This group is underrepresented in behavioral interventions for weight management, which may stem from a mismatch between the features of available programs and these men's preferences. This qualitative study explored the views of these men, their experiences with weight loss, their preferences for weight loss programs, and messaging related to these programs. We conducted remote interviews with 20 men (age: 43 ± 13 years, M ± SD) currently working in blue-collar occupations (50% construction, 25% transportation, and 25% manufacturing) who had body mass indices (BMIs) in the overweight/obese categories (BMI: 33 ± 6 kg/m2). Deductive codes and summary themes were developed and discussed by the first two authors. A selection of transcripts was reviewed following theme development to confirm accuracy of the themes. Most participants (n = 16, 80%) reported a prior weight loss attempt. The most common approaches to weight loss reported were increased exercise and following their own approach to changing diet (e.g., "eating less junk food"). For program and message preferences, two major themes emerged: participants wanted accurate and trustworthy information and wanted programs that fit their lifestyle. Results suggest that weight loss programs targeting men working in blue-collar occupations should emphasize the accuracy of information related to the program and the ease of incorporating it into participants' lifestyles. There is an urgent need to incorporate these preferences into effective programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Crane
- Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Melissa M. Crane, Assistant Professor,
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center,
1700 W. Van Buren St., Ste 470, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Katerina Newman
- Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeni Hebert-Beirne
- Division of Community Health Sciences,
School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eulàlia P. Abril
- Department of Communication, University
of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lynda H. Powell
- Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bradley M. Appelhans
- Department of Family and Preventive
Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Batson A, Berecki-Gisolf J, Newnam S, Stathakis V. Pre-injury health status of truck drivers with a workers' compensation claim. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1683. [PMID: 36064341 PMCID: PMC9446842 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Truck drivers are a vulnerable population due to the high number of workplace injuries and fatalities predominant in their occupation. In Australia, the road freight transportation industry has been identified as a national priority area in terms of creating preventative measures to improve the health and safety of its workers. With an environment conducive to poor nutritional food choices and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, many barriers exist to creating a safe and healthy workforce. Thus, the current study aimed to describe the pre-injury hospital-recorded health conditions and health service use of truck drivers with a worker’s injury compensation claim/s when compared to workers in other industries. Data was obtained from a compensation claims database and linked with hospital admissions data recorded five years prior to the injury claim. Health and lifestyle behaviour data for the occupational code of truck drivers was compared to other occupational drivers, as well as to all other occupations. Analysis was conducted via logistic regression. The results found that when compared to other occupational drivers, truck drivers were significantly more likely to have a hospital-recorded diagnosis of diabetes and/or hypertension, as well as being significantly more likely to have a hospital record of tobacco use and/or alcohol misuse/abuse. The findings show that there is a need to review and revise existing health strategies to promote the health and wellbeing of truck drivers, especially given their challenging work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Batson
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, 21 Alliance Lane, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Janneke Berecki-Gisolf
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, 21 Alliance Lane, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Sharon Newnam
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Psychology and Counselling, VIC, Australia
| | - Voula Stathakis
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, 21 Alliance Lane, VIC, 3800, Australia
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Hagan-Haynes K, Ramirez-Cardenas A, Wingate KC, Pratt S, Ridl S, Schmick E, Snawder J, Dalsey E, Hale C. On the road again: A cross-sectional survey examining work schedules, commuting time, and driving-related outcomes among U.S. oil and gas extraction workers. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:749-761. [PMID: 35735247 PMCID: PMC10078245 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oil and gas extraction (OGE) workers in the United States experience high fatality rates, with motor vehicle crashes the leading cause of death. Land-based OGE workers drive frequently to remote and temporary worksites. Limited information is available on factors that may influence crash risk for this workforce. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 500 land-based OGE workers examined work schedules and hours, commuting, sleep, employer policies, and their relationship to potentially harmful events while driving. RESULTS Over 60% of participants worked 12 or more hours per day. The mean daily roundtrip commuting time was 1.82 h. Longer daily commutes, nonstandard work schedules, less sleep on workdays, and lack of employer policies were associated with one or more risky driving-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Implementation and evaluation of OGE employer policies and programs to limit long work hours, reduce long daily commutes, promote sufficient sleep, and reduce drowsy driving among U.S. OGE workers are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Hagan-Haynes
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Kaitlin C Wingate
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie Pratt
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Sophie Ridl
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily Schmick
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - John Snawder
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dalsey
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Christa Hale
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
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Clemes SA, Varela-Mato V, Bodicoat DH, Brookes CL, Chen YL, Edwardson CL, Gray LJ, Guest AJ, Johnson V, Munir F, Paine NJ, Richardson G, Ruettger K, Sayyah M, Sherry A, Di Paola AS, Troughton J, Yates T, King JA. The effectiveness of the Structured Health Intervention For Truckers (SHIFT): a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT). BMC Med 2022; 20:195. [PMID: 35606763 PMCID: PMC9126630 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long distance heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers exhibit higher than nationally representative rates of obesity, and obesity-related co-morbidities, and are underserved in terms of health promotion initiatives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the multicomponent 'Structured Health Intervention For Truckers' (SHIFT), compared to usual care, at 6- and 16-18-month follow-up. METHODS We conducted a two-arm cluster RCT in transport sites throughout the Midlands, UK. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, at 6- and 16-18-month follow-up. Clusters were randomised (1:1) following baseline measurements to either the SHIFT arm or usual practice control arm. The 6-month SHIFT programme included a group-based interactive 6-h education and behaviour change session, health coach support and equipment provision (Fitbit® and resistance bands/balls to facilitate a 'cab workout'). The primary outcome was device-assessed physical activity (mean steps/day) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included the following: device-assessed sitting, physical activity intensity and sleep; cardiometabolic health, diet, mental wellbeing and work-related psychosocial variables. Data were analysed using mixed-effect linear regression models using a complete-case population. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-two HGV drivers (mean ± SD age: 48.4 ± 9.4 years, BMI: 30.4 ± 5.1 kg/m2, 99% male) were recruited across 25 clusters (sites) and randomised into either the SHIFT (12 clusters, n = 183) or control (13 clusters, n = 199) arms. At 6 months, 209 (55%) participants provided primary outcome data. Significant differences in mean daily steps were found between groups, in favour of the SHIFT arm (adjusted mean difference: 1008 steps/day, 95% CI: 145-1871, p = 0.022). Favourable differences were also seen in the SHIFT group, relative to the control group, in time spent sitting (- 24 mins/day, 95% CI: - 43 to - 6), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (6 mins/day, 95% CI: 0.3-11). Differences were not maintained at 16-18 months. No differences were observed between groups in the other secondary outcomes at either follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The SHIFT programme led to a potentially clinically meaningful difference in daily steps, between trial arms, at 6 months. Whilst the longer-term impact is unclear, the programme offers potential to be incorporated into driver training courses to promote activity in this at-risk, underserved and hard-to-reach essential occupational group. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN10483894 (date registered: 01/03/2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Clemes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK. .,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Veronica Varela-Mato
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | | | - Cassandra L Brookes
- Leicester Clinical Trials Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Yu-Ling Chen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Charlotte L Edwardson
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.,Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Amber J Guest
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Vicki Johnson
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Fehmidah Munir
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Gerry Richardson
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Katharina Ruettger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Mohsen Sayyah
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Aron Sherry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Ana Suazo Di Paola
- Leicester Clinical Trials Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jacqui Troughton
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.,Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - James A King
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
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Draaijer M, Scheuermaier K, Lalla-Edward ST, Fischer AE, Grobbee DE, Venter F, Vos A. Influence of shift work on cardiovascular disease risk in Southern African long-distance truck drivers: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e050645. [PMID: 35418421 PMCID: PMC9013993 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major problem globally. Truck drivers have an increased risk of CVD due to a sedentary lifestyle, irregular working hours and behavioural choices. We aimed to get insight into the contribution of night shift work to CVD risk in long-distance truck drivers in South Africa. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Enrolment took place at three South African truck stop locations in two provinces; Bloemfontein (Free State), Pomona Road (Gauteng) and Soweto (Gauteng). PARTICIPANTS 607 males aged ≥18 years with full-time employment as a long-distance truck driver were included. The criteria for inclusion were willingness and being able to provide informed consent and to complete the study procedures. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Information was collected on sociodemographics, occupational and health characteristics. Physical measurements, an ECG and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements were taken. A night shift was defined as working at least 3 hours between 22:00 and 6:00 hours once a week. CVD risk was defined with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk algorithm, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and CIMT. RESULTS In total, 607 truck drivers were included of which 305 (50.2%) worked in day shifts only and 302 (49.8%) worked day and night shifts. There was a high prevalence of CVD risk factors in both groups as 33% were hypertensive, 28% obese and 37% had abnormal lipid levels. Working day and night shifts compared with working only day shifts did not result in differences in FRS, ASCVD risk or LVH. No difference was found in CIMT measurements, except for the maximum bulb thickness which was higher in day shift workers. CONCLUSIONS CVD risk factors are considerably present in male truck drivers in South Africa. CVD risk does not differ between dayshift and day-night shift workers in this cross-sectional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Draaijer
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karine Scheuermaier
- Wits Sleep Laboratory, Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Samanta Tresha Lalla-Edward
- Ezintsha, a sub-division of Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Alex Emilio Fischer
- Ezintsha, a sub-division of Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Global Health Unit, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francois Venter
- Ezintsha, a sub-division of Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Alinda Vos
- Ezintsha, a sub-division of Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- Global Health Unit, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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40
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Rogers CR, May FP, Petersen E, Brooks E, Lopez JA, Kennedy CD, Thiese MS. Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer Prevalence Among Long-Haul Truck Drivers in the United States. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:1142-1151. [PMID: 35410488 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221090500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the age-adjusted association between colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factors and CRC prevalence among long-haul truck drivers (aged 21-85), after adjustment for age. DESIGN Pooled cross-sectional analysis using Commercial Driver Medical Exam (CDME) data. Setting. National survey data from January 1, 2005, to October 31, 2012. PARTICIPANTS 47,786 commercial motor vehicle drivers in 48 states. MEASURES CRC prevalence was the primary outcome; independent variables included demographics, body mass index (BMI), and concomitant medical conditions. ANALYSIS Kruskal-Wallis tests to analyze continuous variables; Fischer's exact tests to analyze categorical variables; univariate and multivariable logistic regression for rare events (Firth method) to quantify the association between the independent variables of interest and CRC prevalence. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for age, gender, years with current employer, year of exam, and BMI in a multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Many factors were statistically significant. Obesity (OR = 3.14; 95% CI = 1.03-9.61) and increasing age (OR = 1.10 per year; 95% CI = 1.07-1.13) were significantly associated with CRC prevalence. Truckers with 4 or more concomitant medical conditions were significantly more likely to have CRC (OR = 7.03; 95% CI = 1.83-27.03). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight mutable risk factors and represent an opportunity for intervention that may decrease CRC morbidity and mortality among truck drivers, a unique population in the United States estimated to live up to 16 years less than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Rogers
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Folasade P May
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ethan Petersen
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ellen Brooks
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jasmine A Lopez
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carson D Kennedy
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew S Thiese
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Houghtaling B, Balis L, Minaker L, Kheshaifaty K, Morgan R, Byker Shanks C. A systematic review of trucking food, physical activity, and tobacco environments and tractor-trailer drivers’ related patterns and practices in the United States and Canada, 1993–2021. Prev Med Rep 2022; 26:101760. [PMID: 35310325 PMCID: PMC8924679 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The built environment is recognized to influence health patterns and practices. No review has explored trucking food, physical activity, and tobacco environments. Trucking built environment science is underdeveloped and requires validated tools. Future research should explore truckers’ views on built environment interventions. More emphasis on the trucking built environment and health equity is warranted.
Truckers in the United States (U.S.) and Canada are at high risk for noncommunicable disease. Although trucking built environments have been highlighted for intervention, no systematic review has assessed aspects of trucking environments that may influence food, physical activity (PA), and smoking patterns/practices. The purpose of this systematic review was to characterize the state of the science on trucking food, PA, and tobacco environments and to examine truckers’ food, PA, and tobacco patterns/practices. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used. Five databases were selected for searching in April 2020 and 2021 using key terms constructed by a librarian. Peer-reviewed research with data about U.S. and Canadian truckers’ (i.e., drivers operating 18-wheelers or tractor trailers) food, PA, and/or tobacco environments and related patterns/practices were included. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. Thirty-eight studies were identified. Results included data from at least 16,600 truckers and 282 trucking settings in the U.S. (n = 32) and Canada (n = 6). Most studies were classified as quantitative descriptive and of poor quality (average score 3 of 7). The few studies (n = 4) that measured trucking food and PA environments characterized trucking sites as poor. Fifteen (47%) presented data about truckers’ perceptions of food or PA environments and highlighted prominent environmental barriers. Truckers’ food, PA, and smoking patterns and practices suggested poor diet quality, sedentary practices, and a high prevalence of smoking. The science of trucking food, PA, and tobacco environments is underdeveloped and requires much more focus using validated measures.
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42
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Scholl LS, Thiese MS, Handy R. Incidence of Workers' Compensation Claims in Opioid-Using Truck Drivers. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:314-319. [PMID: 34723912 PMCID: PMC9038602 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationship between opioid use prevalence and subsequent filing of workers' compensation claims. METHODS A retrospective cohort study design was utilized to examine data from drivers' initial commercial driver medical exam, employment data, and workers' compensation claims data. RESULTS Data from 57,733 over 7 years were analyzed. Drivers who reported opioid use at their initial medical exam visit filed subsequent workers' compensation claims 1.81 times sooner (P = 0.0001; 95% CI 1.34, 2.44) than drivers who did not report opioid use at their CDME when controlling for age, gender, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide information that may aid in improving regulations to control for incidents, training programs to inform professional drivers of factors that increase accident risk and educating prescribers about increased risks of injury among opioid-using drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S. Scholl
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environment Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 250 East 200 South, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT 84101
| | - Matthew S. Thiese
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environment Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 250 East 200 South, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT 84101
| | - Rodney Handy
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
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Ruettger K, Varela-Mato V, Chen YL, Edwardson CL, Guest A, Gilson ND, Gray LJ, Paine NJ, Sherry AP, Sayyah M, Yates T, King JA, Clemes SA. Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Cardiometabolic Health in Heavy Goods Vehicle Drivers. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e217-e223. [PMID: 35051962 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical inactivity, prolonged sitting, and unhealthy dietary habits are common in Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) drivers. These factors increase risk of long-term health conditions. METHODS 329 HGV drivers across 25 UK depots completed a health assessment, including questionnaire completion, and objectively measured anthropometrics, blood biomarkers, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior. RESULTS The sample demonstrated a high-risk cardiometabolic health profile. 88.1% were overweight or had obesity, and 11.9% had pre-diabetes or diabetes. 28.3% had hypertension, 83.6% had clinically elevated circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations (>2mmol/l), and 66.6% had high total cholesterol levels (>4mmol/l). On workdays drivers accumulated 12 hours/day of sitting, 1.7 hours/day of light PA, and 9.8 mins/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA. Associations between light PA and cardiometabolic markers were observed. CONCLUSION This sample presents high levels of inactivity, overweight, and obesity, and unhealthy cardiometabolic health profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruettger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (Miss Ruettger, Dr Varela-Mato, Dr Chen, Miss Guest, Dr Paine, Dr Sherry, Dr Sayyah, Dr King, Dr Clemes), NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (Dr Varela-Mato, Dr Edwardson, Dr Paine, Dr Sherry, Dr Yates, Dr King, Dr Clemes), Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (Dr Edwardson, Dr Yates), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia (Dr Gilson), Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Dr Gray)
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van Vreden C, Xia T, Collie A, Pritchard E, Newnam S, Lubman DI, de Almeida Neto A, Iles R. The physical and mental health of Australian truck drivers: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:464. [PMID: 35260120 PMCID: PMC8903653 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative health consequences of truck driving are well documented. However, despite the distinct occupational challenges between long- and short-haul driving, limited research has been conducted on how the health profile of these drivers differ. The aims of this study were to characterise the physical and mental health of Australian truck drivers overall, and to identify any differences in factors influencing the health profile of long-haul compared to short-haul drivers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cross-sectional study, 1390 Australian truck drivers completed an online survey between August 2019 and May 2020. Questions included validated measures of psychological distress, general health, work ability and health-related quality-of-life. Participants driving 500 km or more per day were categorised as long-haul and those driving less than 500 km as short-haul. RESULTS The majority of survey respondents were classified as either overweight (25.2%) or obese (54.3%). Three in ten reported three or more chronic health conditions (29.5%) and poor general health (29.9%). The most commonly diagnosed conditions were back problems (34.5%), high blood pressure (25.8%) and mental health problems (19.4%). Chronic pain was reported by 44% of drivers. Half of drivers reported low levels of psychological distress (50.0%), whereas 13.3 and 36.7% experienced severe or moderate level of psychological distress respectively. There were a small number of differences between the health of long- and short-haul drivers. A higher proportion of short-haul drivers reported severe psychological distress compared to long-haul drivers (15.2% vs 10.4%, χ2 = 8.8, 0.012). Long-haul drivers were more likely to be obese (63.0% vs 50.9%, χ2 = 19.8, < 0.001) and report pain lasting over a year (40.0% vs 31.5%, χ2 = 12.3, 0.006). Having more than one diagnosed chronic condition was associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes in both long- and short-haul drivers. CONCLUSION Australian truck drivers report a high prevalence of multiple physical and mental health problems. Strategies focused on improving diet, exercise and preventing chronic conditions and psychological distress, that can also be implemented within the unique occupational environment of trucking are needed to help improve driver health. Further research is needed to explore risk and protective factors that specifically affect health in both short-haul and long-haul drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn van Vreden
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
| | - Ting Xia
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Alex Collie
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Pritchard
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Sharon Newnam
- Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health and Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Ross Iles
- Healthy Working Lives Research Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
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Sood I, Chinnakaran A, Majumdar A, Sabherwal S. Assessment of COVID-19-related awareness, knowledge, prevention practices and challenges faced by truck drivers in major transport cities of India: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052543. [PMID: 35228278 PMCID: PMC8886092 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess COVID-19-related awareness and knowledge among truck drivers across India and report prevention practices followed, and challenges faced, by them during the COVID-19 lockdown. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Delhi, Kanpur, Kolkata and Bangalore from July to September 2020. PARTICIPANTS Data were collected in Hindi using a structured questionnaire via telephonic interviews. Minimum 200 drivers were included from each location. OUTCOME MEASURES Sociodemographic profile, awareness regarding COVID-19, knowledge regarding infection sources, disease spread and vulnerable populations, prevention practices followed and challenges faced. Information sources were also assessed. RESULTS Fisher's exact test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used to check for significant differences across proportions. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Overall, 1246 drivers were included, with 72% response rate. Of 1246 drivers, 65% were 30-50 years of age. A majority correctly answered knowledge questions regarding communicability (95%) and fatality (66%). Fifty per cent drivers were aware of treatability of the disease, while only 43% and 24% correctly reported all signs and symptoms and routes of transmission, respectively. No driver was aware of all high-risk populations. Overall Knowledge Score is significantly associated with region. Mobile phones were the primary source of information across all regions. Over two-third drivers follow all prevention practices regularly, which differed significantly across regions. Following standard prevention practices was positively correlated with higher knowledge scores and was significantly correlated with mask use. Worry about the disease was common. Less than 40% drivers received full payment for work during this period, while 25% drivers were unable to return home due to the pandemic. Seven per cent and 26% drivers had either limited or no access to food and health services, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Awareness activities and employer provisioned social security/health insurance might safeguard this vulnerable population till the pandemic fully abates as well as in similar situations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaana Sood
- Department of Community Ophthalmology and Public Health Research, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anand Chinnakaran
- Department of Community Outreach and Public Health Research, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Atanu Majumdar
- Bio-statistician, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shalinder Sabherwal
- Department of Community Ophthalmology and Public Health Research, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Gawlik A, Boss M, Kleinert J. Increasing workplace physical activity through motivational and volitional coaching – a randomized controlled trial with truck drivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-04-2021-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeAlthough the health hazards of truck drivers are well known, only few studies address the health status of this occupational group. The purpose of this empirical research paper is to evaluate the effects of motivational and volitional coaching on workplace physical activity (WPA) with the provision of a vehicle-integrated fitness device.Design/methodology/approachIntervention group 1 and intervention group 2 received motivational coaching to improve behavioral internalization. Intervention group 2 received additional volitional coaching to increase physical activity (PA)-related self-efficacy. The control group received only the vehicle-integrated fitness device to perform WPA, as did both intervention groups. Internalization and PA-related self-efficacy were collected four times. WPA was assessed weekly.FindingsAll 140 participating truck drivers were consistently physically active for an average of 85 min (SD = 85.2 min) during motivational coaching, 76 min (SD = 65.0 min) during volitional coaching and 71.0 min (SD = 63.5 min) during follow-up, with no differences found between groups. Variance analyses for repeated measures revealed no intervention effects on WPA, internalization and self-efficacy, and internalization and self-efficacy did not prove to be mediators of increased WPA.Originality/valueThe primary goal of increasing WPA of all participants was achieved, but the present form of coaching cannot be confirmed as a successful strategy. Nevertheless, the results are valuable and could be an impetus for further research on WPA promotion in truck drivers as the creation of an opportunity with the vehicle-integrated fitness device alone led to an increased WPA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine long-haul truck drivers (LHTD) perceptions of COVID-19 and their use of health and safety practices. METHODS 146 LHTD completed an online survey to collect data on their experiences with COVID-19. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and thematic analysis for open-ended responses. RESULTS LHTD were aged from 22 to 79 years (mean age 48.1 ± 11.8); 82.2% were men. Almost half of the sample were not concerned about COVID-19. Those not concerned were significantly less likely to employ health and safety practices (eg, wearing masks, social distancing), were less educated and healthier. They also perceived COVID-19 to not be real or a serious threat to their health. CONCLUSIONS Tailored education approaches are needed to provide evidence-based data on COVID-19 risks and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Crizzle
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 2Z4 (Dr. Alexanader M.Crizzle)
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Crane MM, Halloway S, Walts ZL, Gavin KL, Moss A, Westrick JC, Appelhans BM. Behavioural interventions for CVD risk reduction for blue-collar workers: a systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 75:1236-1243. [PMID: 34321281 PMCID: PMC8595631 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-216515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals working in blue-collar occupations experience high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the characteristics and efficacy of behavioural interventions that have targeted CVD risk factors in this high-risk group. METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched seven databases to find interventions focused on changing the following: blood pressure, cholesterol, diet, physical activity, smoking or weight. Eligible studies tested a behavioural intervention (not exclusively policy, environmental, or pharmaceutical), in individuals working in blue-collar occupations using a randomised study design. Study quality was evaluated using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's study quality assessment tool. RESULTS 22 studies evaluating 31 interventions were included: 11 were rated as 'good' or 'fair' quality. Intervention intensity ranged from a single contact via a mailed letter to studies that included individual-level contacts at multiple time points between staff and participants. Studies that included at least some individual contact generally yielded the greatest effects. Interventions had the greatest observed effects on self-report changes in diet, regardless of intervention intensity. Four of the five higher quality studies that explicitly tailored the intervention to the occupational group were successful at reducing at least one risk factor. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that used individual contact and tailored the intervention to the occupational setting yielded the greatest effects on CVD risk-factor reduction in individuals working in blue-collar occupations. Generally, studies were low quality but showed promising effects for reaching this high-risk population. Future work should incorporate these promising findings in higher quality studies. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019136183.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Crane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shannon Halloway
- Department of Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zoe L Walts
- Neuroscience Program, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois, USA
| | - Kara L Gavin
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Angela Moss
- Department of Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Bradley M Appelhans
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Crizzle AM, Malik SS, Toxopeus R. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Work Environment in Long-Haul Truck Drivers. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:1073-1077. [PMID: 34860203 PMCID: PMC8630933 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and compare the working conditions of long-haul truck drivers (LHTD) before and during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and to assess the perceptions of LHTDs on accessing food, restrooms, and parking. METHODS An online survey was disseminated between August 2020 and March 2021 to various trucking organizations across Canada to collect data on health and wellness during COVID-19. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and thematic analysis for open-ended responses. RESULTS The sample included 146 LHTD (mean age 48.1 ± 11.8; 82.2% were men). Participants reported issues with finding parking, washrooms, and food. Compared with before COVID-19, LHTD worked significantly more hours and consumed more caffeine; and more than 50% reported being fatigued. CONCLUSIONS Improving the working conditions of LHTD is critical to support their health and wellbeing, both during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Crizzle
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Josseran L, McNeill K, Fardini T, Sauvagnac R, Barbot F, Quera Salva MA, Bowser M, King G. Smoking and obesity among long-haul truck drivers in France. Tob Prev Cessat 2021; 7:66. [PMID: 34765832 PMCID: PMC8556716 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the health status of long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs) and more specifically smoking and obesity, in France. METHODS A total of 373 French and other LHTDs were randomly interviewed at six highway rest stops. Variables recorded were self-reported sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, and nationality), behavioral variables (consumption of sodas, daily exercise, smoking status), weight and height. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-squared analysis and multiple logistic ordinal regression models (MLR) were developed. RESULTS The mean age was 43.4 and the largest proportion (41.2%) of respondents were aged 40–50 years. Most respondents were French (70.3%), married (73.8%) and did not report having an active exercise routine (66.0%). Almost two-thirds of the drivers consumed daily 1–2 sodas (34.2%) or 3–4 sodas (33.2%). Based on the BMI, respondents were divided into normal (34.3%), overweight (39.8%), obese (19.5%) or morbidly obese (9.4%) categories. The mean BMI was 27.9 kg/m2 and 51.1% of LHTDs were current or active smokers. MLR analysis revealed that French LHTDs were more likely (OR=3.04; 95% CI: 1.62–5.69) to have a normal BMI compared to other drivers. Smokers were significantly more likely than non-smokers (OR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.26–3.58) to have an above normal BMI. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that French and other LHTDs are at high risk of non-communicable diseases. They also highlight the need to address the health risks associated with smoking and obesity among LHTDs using multifaceted strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Josseran
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Killian McNeill
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Thierry Fardini
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Rebecca Sauvagnac
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Frederic Barbot
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Maria-Antonia Quera Salva
- Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR 1018, France
| | - Myles Bowser
- Department of Information Mathematics, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gary King
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, United States
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