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Douglas ME, Mamawala M, Brown S, Powers MB, Warren AM. Associations of mood symptoms and body mass among individuals with COVID-19. Proc AMIA Symp 2024; 37:755-762. [PMID: 39165826 PMCID: PMC11332635 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2024.2358294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, and individuals with certain preexisting morbidities-such as obesity-may have disproportionately experienced pandemic-related stress. We aimed to examine whether being obese or overweight was associated with worse mood and trauma among those infected with COVID-19. Methods Data were collected as part of a larger longitudinal survey study (n = 591) examining the psychological impact of COVID-19. Complete baseline data for those who reported testing positive from April 2020 through June 2021 were examined. Results and conclusions Body mass index was correlated with depression (r = 0.13, P < .01) and generalized anxiety disorder (r = 0.10, P = .02), but not with posttraumatic stress disorder (r = 0.06, P = .16). Multivariable analyses revealed that body mass index was no longer a unique predictor, except for those with a body mass index >40 kg/m2, suggesting that other sociodemographic factors, not obesity, were driving mood symptoms for those infected with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shakeira Brown
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mark B. Powers
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Paulus K, Bass SB, Kelly PJA, Pilla J, Otor A, Scialanca M, Arroyo A, Faison N. Using health belief model constructs to understand the role of perceived disease threat and resilience in responding to COVID-19 among people who use drugs: a cluster analysis. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2024; 4:12197. [PMID: 39040943 PMCID: PMC11261343 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2024.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The Health Belief Model (HBM) has been successfully applied to understanding adherence to COVID-19 prevention practices. It has not, however, been used to understand behavior in people who use drugs (PWUD). The aim of this study was to use the HBM to better understand COVID-19 perceptions among PWUD and understand how resiliency affects those perceptions. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey was completed from September to December 2021 with PWUD (n = 75) who utilize services at a large harm reduction organization in Philadelphia. Segmentation analysis was done using a k-means clustering approach. Two clusters emerged based on perceived COVID-19 personal impact and resiliency (Less COVID impact/High resilience (NoCOV/HR) and High COVID impact/Low resilience (COV/LR). Differences in responses by cluster to perceptions of COVID-19 and individual pandemic response grouped by HBM constructs were assessed using Student's t-test and chi squares. Results Significant differences in HBM constructs were seen between clusters. Those in the COV/LR cluster were more likely to think they were susceptible to getting COVID-19 and less likely to believe they knew how to protect themselves. The NoCOV/HR cluster believed they were able to protect themselves from COVID-19 and that they were able to easily understand messages about protecting themselves. Conclusion Understanding how PWUD conceptualize disease threat and using HBM can better inform interventions to improve future pandemic response. Findings suggest that resilience is key to protecting PWUD from future infectious disease outbreaks. Interventions aimed at increasing resiliency among PWUD may improve preventative behavior and decrease disease burden in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Paulus
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Bauerle Bass
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patrick J. A. Kelly
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jenine Pilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - AnnaMarie Otor
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Madison Scialanca
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anamarys Arroyo
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Namaijah Faison
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Risk Communication Laboratory, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Kulbin K, Jõgi AL, Pulver A, Kask K. Heterogeneous trajectories of perceived stress and their associations with active leisure: a longitudinal study during the first year of COVID-19. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1327966. [PMID: 38784577 PMCID: PMC11112114 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1327966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a plethora of literature on the dynamics of mental health indicators throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, yet research is scarce on the potential heterogeneity in the development of perceived stress. Furthermore, there is a paucity of longitudinal research on whether active leisure engagement, which typically is beneficial in reducing stress, might have similar benefits during times of major disruption. Here we aimed to extend previous work by exploring the dynamics of change in stress and coping, and the associations with active leisure engagement over the first year of COVID-19. Methods Data from 439 adults (Mage = 45, SD = 13) in Estonia who participated in a longitudinal online study were analyzed. The participants were assessed at three timepoints: April-May 2020; November-December 2020; and April-May 2021. Results Mean stress and coping levels were stable over time. However, latent profile analysis identified four distinct trajectories of change in stress and coping, involving resilient, stressed, recovering, and deteriorating trends. Participants belonging to the positively developing stress trajectories reported higher active leisure engagement than those belonging to the negatively developing stress trajectories. Discussion These findings highlight the importance of adopting person-centered approaches to understand the diverse experiences of stress, as well as suggest the promotion of active leisure as a potentially beneficial coping resource, in future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Kulbin
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anna-Liisa Jõgi
- School of Educational Sciences, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Aleksander Pulver
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristjan Kask
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
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4
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Halder P, Pal U, Ganguly A, Ghosh P, Malakar MG, Guha N, Gami C, Ghosh S. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychosocial Attributes of Indian Families Bearing Child With Down Syndrome: A Survey by Trisomy 21 Research Society (T21RS), Indian Chapter. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024:10105395241240954. [PMID: 38519483 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241240954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinku Halder
- Cytogenetics and Genomics and Down Syndrome Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
- ICM Institute for Brain and Spinal Cord, Hôpital Pitié, Paris, France
| | - Upamanyu Pal
- Cytogenetics and Genomics and Down Syndrome Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Agnish Ganguly
- Cytogenetics and Genomics and Down Syndrome Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Papiya Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Bijoykrishna Girls' College, Howrah, India
| | | | - Nitasha Guha
- Central Kolkata Welfare Association for Persons with Down Syndrome, Kolkata, India
| | - Chaitali Gami
- Central Kolkata Welfare Association for Persons with Down Syndrome, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujay Ghosh
- Cytogenetics and Genomics and Down Syndrome Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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McCabe EM, Luk JW, Stangl BL, Schwandt ML, Ziausyte U, Kim H, Vergeer RR, Gunawan T, Fede SJ, Momenan R, Joseph PV, Goldman D, Diazgranados N, Ramchandani VA. Exercising healthy behaviors: A latent class analysis of positive coping during the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with alcohol-related and mental health outcomes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297060. [PMID: 38354113 PMCID: PMC10866465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify latent classes of positive coping behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine associations with alcohol-related and mental health outcomes across participants with and without a history of alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS Baseline data from 463 participants who were enrolled in the NIAAA COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol (C19-PIA) Study were analyzed. Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to five positive coping behaviors during COVID-19: taking media breaks, taking care of their body, engaging in healthy behaviors, making time to relax, and connecting with others. Latent class differences and the moderating role of history of AUD on six alcohol-related and mental health outcomes were examined using multiple regression models. RESULTS LCA revealed two latent classes: 83.4% High Positive Coping and 16.6% Low Positive Coping. Low Positive Coping was associated with higher levels of perceived stress, anxiety symptoms, and loneliness. A history of AUD was consistently associated with higher levels of alcohol-related and mental health outcomes. Significant interactions between Coping Latent Classes and history of AUD indicated that the associations of Low Positive Coping with problematic alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and drinking to cope motives were either stronger or only significant among individuals with a history of AUD. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with a history of AUD may be particularly vulnerable to depressive symptoms and alcohol-related outcomes, especially when they do not utilize positive coping strategies. The promotion of positive coping strategies is a promising avenue to address alcohol-related and mental health problems during a public health crisis and warrants future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. McCabe
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jeremy W. Luk
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Bethany L. Stangl
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ugne Ziausyte
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Hannah Kim
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Rhianna R. Vergeer
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Tommy Gunawan
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Samantha J. Fede
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - David Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Vijay A. Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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Skov H, Glackin EB, Drury SS, Lockman J, Gray SAO. Pre-COVID respiratory sinus arrhythmia moderates associations between COVID-19 stress and child externalizing behaviors: Testing neurobiological stress theories. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38273710 PMCID: PMC11272907 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic contributes to psychopathology risk, yet not all children are negatively impacted. The current study examined a parasympathetic biomarker of stress sensitivity, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), as a moderator of the effects of exposure to pandemic stress on child internalizing and externalizing behaviors in a sample of children experiencing economic marginalization. Three to five years pre-pandemic, when children were preschool-aged, RSA during baseline and a challenging parent-child interaction were collected. Mid-pandemic, between November 2020 and March 2021, children's exposure to pandemic stress and internalizing and externalizing behaviors were collected. Results demonstrated that children who, pre-pandemic, demonstrated blunted parasympathetic reactivity (i.e., no change in RSA relative to baseline) during the dyadic challenge exhibited elevated risk for externalizing behaviors mid-pandemic. Further, this risk was greatest for children exposed to high and moderate levels of pandemic stress. Consistent with diathesis stress and polyvagal frameworks, these conditional effects suggest that blunted parasympathetic reactivity in response to stress in early childhood may escalate the development of externalizing behaviors following stress exposure at school age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Skov
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Erin B Glackin
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stacy S Drury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lockman
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah A O Gray
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Carlos Chavez FL, Sanchez D, Capielo Rosario C, Han S, Cerezo A, Cadenas GA. COVID-19 Economic and Academic Stress on Mexican American Adolescents' Psychological Distress: Parents as Essential Workers. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:37-51. [PMID: 37036440 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2191283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In a sample of Mexican American adolescents (N = 398; 51% females; aged 13-17), we examined the associations between psychological distress, COVID-19 household economic stress, COVID-19 academic stress, and whether these associations varied by adolescents' gender and by parents/caregivers' essential worker status. METHOD First, linear regression models assessed the main effects of household economic and academic stress on psychological distress. Second, the moderating effects of gender and parents/caregivers' essential worker status on the association between household economic and academic stress, and psychological distress were examined. Third, the three-way interaction effect of household economic stress, gender, and parents/caregivers' essential worker status on psychological distress as well as the three-way interaction effect of academic stress, gender, and parents/caregivers' essential worker status on psychological distress were calculated. RESULTS Household economic and academic stress were associated with psychological distress. However, these associations did not vary based on adolescents' gender or parents/caregivers' essential worker status. The three-way interaction for household economic stress, parents/caregivers' essential worker status, and gender for psychological distress was significant. Specifically, the effects of household economic stress on psychological distress was worse for boys than girls whose parents/caregivers were essential workers. Furthermore, the three-way interaction among academic stress, parents/caregivers' essential worker status, and gender was significant. Particularly, the effects of academic stress when grades were worse on adolescents' psychological distress was worse for boys than girls whose parents/caregivers were essential workers. CONCLUSION Parents/caregivers' essential worker status was salient among Mexican American adolescents' mental health outcomes during COVID-19, particularly for adolescent boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella L Carlos Chavez
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University
| | - Delida Sanchez
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland
| | | | - SeungYong Han
- Research Initiatives, Support & Engagement (R.I.S.E.). Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University
| | - Alison Cerezo
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, University of California Santa Barbara
| | - German A Cadenas
- Department of Education & Human Services, College of Education, Lehigh University
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Capielo Rosario C, Carlos Chavez FL, Sanchez D, Torres L, Mattwig T, Pituch K. Mental Health Among Puerto Rican Adolescents Living in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:52-65. [PMID: 38270576 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2024.2301775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study examined how different family level (family financial stress, family violence) and individual (food insecurity, gender, race) determinants of health were associated with mental health among Puerto Rican adolescents living in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD A sample consisting of 119 Puerto Rican adolescents, aged 13 to 17, was collected via Qualtrics Panels between November 2020 and January 2021. We examined the association between family financial stress experienced during the pandemic and psychological distress. We also evaluated whether the association between family financial stress and psychological distress was moderated by family violence, food insecurity, and the participant's gender and race. RESULTS Findings showed that food insecurity positively predicted psychological distress. Results also showed that participants' race moderated the association between family financial stress and psychological distress. Specifically, we found that while there was a significant positive association between family financial stress and psychological distress among Puerto Rican adolescents who identified as a racial minority, this association was nonsignificant among White Puerto Rican adolescents. CONCLUSION Our research highlights the significant role of COVID-19 related family financial stress and food insecurity on Puerto Rican adolescents' poor mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Delida Sanchez
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland
| | | | | | - Keenan Pituch
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University
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Salabarria VP, Gould ON. Reminiscing and intergenerational advice giving during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:95-102. [PMID: 37431653 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2233432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given that types of reminiscing consistently predict psychological well-being, the current study investigated how older adults' reminiscing related to their appraisal of the COVID-19 pandemic and to the advice letters they wrote for younger adults. METHODS The sample of 107 community-dwelling older adults (Mage = 74.55, SDage = 5.89) completed self-report questionnaires to report (a) level of life-disruption experienced due to the pandemic, (b) type and frequency of reminiscing during the pandemic, and (c) current positive and negative appraisals of the pandemic. Forty participants also produced essays providing advice to younger people about how to overcome a life challenge such as the pandemic. RESULTS Correlational analyses revealed that positive reminiscence functions positively correlated with both positive (mean r(105) = .42, p < .006) and negative pandemic appraisals (mean r(105) = .44, p < .006), whereas negative reminiscence functions correlated with negative pandemic appraisals (mean r(105) = .31, p < .006) but not with positive pandemic appraisals (mean r(105) = .15, p > .006). Individuals who reminisced more tended to produce advice that was more positively (r(38) =.36, p = .02) and negatively (r(38) = .34, p = .03) valanced; and those who reminisced more with the function of identity development also gave advice that focused on this issue (r(38) = .44, p = .004). CONCLUSION Overall, these results suggest that positive reminiscing is linked to older adults' capacity to view both positive and negative facets of challenging life situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Odette N Gould
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada
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10
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Guzman JM, Boone MH, Suarez GL, Mitchell C, Monk CS, Hyde LW, Lopez-Duran NL. Relationship between COVID-related stressors and internalizing symptoms: Gendered neuroendocrine risk profiles. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 159:106668. [PMID: 37944209 PMCID: PMC11214276 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic generated significant life stress and increases in internalizing disorders. Moreover, COVID-related stressors disproportionately impacted women, consistent with outcomes showing a gender gap in stress-related disorders. Gender-related stress vulnerability emerges in adolescence alongside gender-specific changes in neuroendocrine signaling. Most research on the neuroendocrinology of stress-related disorders has focused on differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis effector hormone cortisol. More recent studies, however, emphasize dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a neuroprotective and neuroactive hormone released concurrently with cortisol that balances its biobehavioral actions during stress. Notably, women show lower cortisol responses and higher DHEA responses to stress. However, lower cortisol and higher DHEA are associated with internalizing disorders in women, while those associations are opposite in men. Thus, gender-specific factors perhaps result in a neuroendocrine profile that places women at greater risk for stress-related disorders. The current study prospectively examined socially evaluated cold-pressor task (SECPT) induced neuroendocrine responses at age 15 and internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic at age 21 in a cohort of 175 primarily Black low-socioeconomic status participants, while controlling for internalizing symptoms at age 15. The association between COVID-related stress and internalizing symptoms was not stronger in women. Lower DHEA-cortisol ratios were associated with a weaker relationship between COVID-related stress and internalizing symptoms in women, while higher ratios were associated with a weaker relationship in men. These findings suggest gender differences in the relationship between DHEA and cortisol and internalizing outcomes during a stressful period, and support differential neuroendocrine protective and risk pathways for young men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Guzman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Montana H Boone
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriela L Suarez
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher S Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Chen Z, Cong Z. Age Differences in Psychological Distress After Multiple Disaster Exposures: The Effect of Multidimensional Negative COVID-19 Impacts. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e554. [PMID: 38044831 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined how the multidimensional negative coronavirus disease (COVID-19) impacts contextualized the age differences in psychological distress following exposures to tornadoes and the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data were from a 2-wave panel study conducted at T1 (October 2020-August 2021) and T2 (May-August 2022). Latent class analysis was conducted to explore the patterns of negative COVID-19 impacts based on a sample of 1134 at T1. Negative binomial regressions were performed to examine the age differences in psychological distress at T2, based on the working sample (N = 554), as well as the moderating effect of identified class membership, with baseline psychological distress controlled. RESULTS Three latent classes were identified: class 1 "low overall impacts," class 2 "moderate overall impacts with high emotional distress," and class 3 "severe overall impacts." Individuals ages 65 and over reported lower psychological distress at T2 relative to those ages 18-34 and 35-49. However, compared to people ages 18-34, 35-49, and 50-64, those ages 65 and over reported the greatest increases in T2 psychological distress if they had experienced moderate or severe overall COVID-19 impacts at T1. CONCLUSION There is a pressing need for mental health interventions that are tailored to multi-disaster scenarios and age-related differences in long-term disaster recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Chen
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zhen Cong
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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12
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Dubar RT, Schindler-Ruwisch J, Verghese M, Watkins NK. Decoding distress among pandemic pregnancies: Examining pregnancy distress and COVID-19 stress as concurrent predictors of current and anticipated postpartum sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Health 2023; 9:933-939. [PMID: 37640629 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of the present study was to examine pregnancy distress, COVID-19 stress, COVID-19 compliance, and life satisfaction as concurrent predictors of perceived current and anticipated postpartum sleep duration (SD) and quality among a U.S. sample of pregnant individuals. METHODS The sample comprised 544 pregnant individuals (62.3% non-Hispanic White; mean age = 28.0 and SD = 6.2), most of whom were in their third trimester (42.3%). Participants were recruited through an online panel (Qualtrics) between October and November 2020. RESULTS The primary analysis was based on a concurrent path model, which examined pregnancy distress, COVID-19 stress, COVID-19 compliance, and life satisfaction as predictors of current and anticipated postpartum SD and sleep quality, controlling for several demographic (eg, age and income), familial (eg, number of children and adults in the home), sleep-related (eg, chronotype and use of sleeping medication), and psychosocial functioning (eg, COVID-19 impact) variables. Results indicated that higher COVID-19 compliance was significantly associated with poorer current sleep quality. Furthermore, both pregnancy distress and COVID-19 stress predicted worse anticipated postpartum sleep quality (but not duration). Life satisfaction, however, was consistently significantly associated with current and anticipated postpartum SD and quality. CONCLUSIONS Findings are critical for understanding how various forms of stress correlate with sleep health behaviors during pregnancy, as well as expectations for postpartum sleep among a vulnerable population at risk for both psychological and sleep challenges during a period of unprecedented global stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royette T Dubar
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA.
| | | | - Maya Verghese
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nicole K Watkins
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
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Brock RL, Calkins FC, Hamburger ER, Kumar SA, Laifer LM, Phillips E, Ramsdell EL. Learning from adversity: What the COVID-19 pandemic can teach us about family resiliency. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:1574-1591. [PMID: 36585769 PMCID: PMC9880619 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with preschool age children and to identify pre-pandemic factors that explained unique family experiences. We leveraged an ongoing longitudinal study of relatively well-resourced community families who had reported on family functioning prior to the pandemic and completed surveys 6 months after pandemic onset. Both parents of dual parenting households endorsed significant hardships as a direct result of the pandemic (e.g., disrupted family routines, challenges at work); however, families also reported aspects of flourishing (i.e., experiencing positive outcomes in response to adversity) such as spending more time together as a family. Families were prone to greater hardships and fewer opportunities for growth to the extent that parents were lower in psychological resources (i.e., greater stress and internalizing symptoms, poor well-being) and were not on the same page as a couple (i.e., interparental discord, low quality coparenting) prior to pandemic onset. Finally, greater pandemic hardships predicted poorer parental mental health, greater family dysfunction, and elevated child psychopathology, controlling for pre-pandemic levels. Parents who reported more family flourishing from the pandemic had a stronger interparental relationship. Results are intended to inform theories of family stress and family interventions that can be tailored to promote resiliency (i.e., adaptation to challenging life events) and prevent dysfunction when families face rapid change and adjustment and high degrees of uncertainty and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Brock
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | | | | | - Shaina A. Kumar
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Lauren M. Laifer
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Eric Phillips
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Erin L. Ramsdell
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
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Gerber AH, Keluskar J, Lerner MD. Longitudinal Impact of the Pandemic on Social Disruption and Loneliness in Autistic and Non-Autistic Youth. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37956102 PMCID: PMC11089075 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2272933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus pandemic drastically increased social isolation. Autistic youth already experience elevated social isolation and loneliness, making them highly vulnerable to the impact of the pandemic. We examined trajectories of social disruption and loneliness in autistic and non-autistic youth during a six-month period of the pandemic (June 2020 until November 2020). METHOD Participants were 76 youth, ages 8 through 17, (Mage = 12.82, Nautistic = 51) with an IQ ≥ 70. Youth completed a biweekly measure of loneliness (Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale) and their parent completed a measure of pandemic-related family social disruption (Epidemic Pandemic Impacts Inventory). RESULTS There were no time trends in loneliness across all youth, however, social disruption displayed linear, quadratic, and cubic trends. Non-autistic youth reported relatively greater declines in social disruption compared to autistic youth. Additionally, autistic youth reported relatively greater declines in loneliness relative to non-autistic youth. Greater social disruption was associated with higher loneliness, however, autistic youth demonstrated a relatively stronger relationship between social disruption and loneliness compared to non-autistic youth. CONCLUSIONS The current study was one of the first to investigate social disruption and loneliness in autistic youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicated that autistic youth experienced relative decreases in loneliness during this time, perhaps due to reductions in social demands. Nonetheless, when autistic youth did experience social disruption, they reported relatively higher levels of loneliness. This work contributes to our understanding of risk factors for loneliness and highlights the need to understand the benefits, as well as the challenges, to remote schooling and social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H. Gerber
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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15
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Janssen T, McGuire AB, López-Castro T, Prince MA, Grasso DJ. The Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII): A multisample study examining pandemic-related experiences and their relation to mental health. Psychol Assess 2023; 35:1019-1029. [PMID: 37902669 PMCID: PMC10617655 DOI: 10.1037/pas0001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII) was developed to assess pandemic-related adverse and positive experiences across several key domains, including work/employment, home life, isolation, and quarantine. Several studies have associated EPII-assessed pandemic-related experiences with a wide range of psychosocial factors, most commonly depressive and anxiety symptoms. The present study investigated the degree to which specific types of COVID-19 pandemic-related experiences may be associated with anxiety and depression risk, capitalizing on two large, independent samples with marked differences in sociodemographic characteristics. The present study utilized two adult samples: participants (N = 635) recruited online over a 4-week period in early 2020 (Sample 1) and participants (N = 908) recruited from the student body of a large Northeastern public university (Sample 2). We employed a cross-validated, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression approach, as well as a random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm, to investigate classification accuracy of anxiety/depression risk using the pandemic-related experiences from the EPII. The LASSO approach isolated eight items within each sample. Two items from the work/employment and emotional/physical health domains overlapped across samples. The RF approach identified similar items across samples. Both methods yielded acceptable cross-classification accuracy. Applying two analytic approaches on data from two large, sociodemographically unique samples, we identified a subset of sample-specific and nonspecific pandemic-related experiences from the EPII that are most predictive of concurrent depression/anxiety risk. Findings may help to focus on key experiences during future public health disasters that convey greater risk for depression and anxiety symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Janssen
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Austen B. McGuire
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, Dole Human Development Center, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Kansas, USA
| | - Teresa López-Castro
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark A. Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Colorado, USA
| | - Damion J. Grasso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Fox AB, Baier AL, Alpert E, Nillni YI, Galovski TE. Psychosocial and Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Veteran Men and Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:1041-1051. [PMID: 37610854 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The psychosocial impacts of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on women Veterans' mental health compared to men are understudied, with few studies examining the differential impact of COVID-19 stressors on depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, little is known about whether social support may buffer against adverse pandemic-related outcomes for this population. In the present study, we examined (1) gender differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on numerous life domains, including economic, work, home, social, and health; (2) how pandemic impacts in these domains were associated with depression and PTSD symptoms; and (3) whether social support buffered against worse mental health outcomes. Materials and Methods: Data from 1530 Veterans enrolled in the Longitudinal Investigation of Gender, Health, and Trauma (LIGHT) study were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple groups' path analyses. Results: Women reported higher pandemic impact scores across life domains. For both men and women, higher health impacts were associated with increased PTSD symptoms; differential findings emerged for depressive symptoms. Home and economic impacts were associated with increased depression for both men and women, social and health impacts were associated with depression for women, and work impacts were associated with depression for men. Higher social support was associated with decreased depressive symptoms for both men and women; however, social support moderated the relationship between pandemic impacts and both PTSD and depressive symptoms for women only. Conclusions: Findings highlight the value of social support in mitigating effects of pandemic-related stress, particularly for women Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie B Fox
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Healthcare Leadership, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison L Baier
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Alpert
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yael I Nillni
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tara E Galovski
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Janssen T, Garner BR, Yermash J, Yap KR, Becker SJ. Early COVID-Related pandemic impacts and subsequent opioid outcomes among persons receiving medication for opioid use disorder: a secondary data analysis of a Type-3 hybrid trial. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2023; 18:54. [PMID: 37705105 PMCID: PMC10500804 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-023-00409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid overdoses have continued to increase since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pathways through which the COVID-19 pandemic has affected trajectories of opioid use and opioid-related problems are largely unknown. Using the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII), a novel instrument that assess pandemic-related impacts across multiple life domains, we tested the hypothesis that COVID-related impacts (on e.g., interpersonal conflict, employment, infection exposure, and emotional health) experienced in the early months of the pandemic would predict changes in opioid use and opioid-related problems at follow-up. METHODS This analysis was embedded within a cluster randomized type 3 implementation-effectiveness hybrid trial that had enrolled 188 patients across eight opioid treatments prior to the start of the pandemic. Participants had all been recently inducted on medication for opioid use disorder and were actively receiving treatment. Participants reported on their opioid use and opioid-related problems at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 9-month post-baseline assessments. Between May and August 2020, participants were sent an optional invitation to complete the EPII. RESULTS One hundred thirty-three respondents completed the EPII and 129 had sufficient data to analyze the EPII and at least one subsequent follow-up. In logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial analyses adjusting for covariates, each endorsed pandemic impact in the interpersonal conflict domain was associated with 67% increased odds of endorsement of any opioid use, and each impact in the employment and infection exposure-domains was associated with 25% and 75% increases in number of endorsed opioid-related problems, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mitigating the effect of the pandemic on patients' interpersonal relationships and employment, and promoting greater infection control in opioid treatment programs, could be protective against negative opioid-related outcomes. Trial registration The present study describes secondary data analysis on a previously registered clinical trial: clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03931174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Janssen
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, Rhode Island, 02903, USA.
| | - Bryan R Garner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, 2050 Kenny Road, Columbus, OH, 43221, USA
| | - Julia Yermash
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, Rhode Island, 02903, USA
| | - Kimberly R Yap
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Northwestern University, 633 North St Clair, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sara J Becker
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Northwestern University, 633 North St Clair, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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18
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Harding AB, Ramirez MR, Ryan AD, Xiong BN, Rosebush CE, Woods-Jaeger B. Impacts of COVID-19 on Stress in Middle School Teachers and Staff in Minnesota: An Exploratory Study Using Random Forest Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6698. [PMID: 37681838 PMCID: PMC10487626 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted many occupations, teachers and school staff have faced unique challenges related to remote and hybrid teaching, less contact with students, and general uncertainty. This study aimed to measure the associations between specific impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and stress levels in Minnesota educators. A total of 296 teachers and staff members from eight middle schools completed online surveys between May and July of 2020. The Epidemic Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII) measured the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic according to nine domains (i.e., Economic, Home Life). The Kessler-6 scale measured non-specific stress (range: 0-24), with higher scores indicating greater levels of stress. Random forest analysis determined which items of the EPII were predictive of stress. The average Kessler-6 score was 6.8, indicating moderate stress. Three EPII items explained the largest amount of variation in the Kessler-6 score: increase in mental health problems or symptoms, hard time making the transition to working from home, and increase in sleep problems or poor sleep quality. These findings indicate potential areas for intervention to reduce employee stress in the event of future disruptions to in-person teaching or other major transitions during dynamic times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson B. Harding
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.R.); (A.D.R.); (B.N.X.)
| | - Marizen R. Ramirez
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.R.); (A.D.R.); (B.N.X.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program of Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvina, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrew D. Ryan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.R.); (A.D.R.); (B.N.X.)
| | - Bao Nhia Xiong
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.R.); (A.D.R.); (B.N.X.)
| | - Christina E. Rosebush
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.R.); (A.D.R.); (B.N.X.)
| | - Briana Woods-Jaeger
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
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19
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Kelm MR, Diercks CM, Dunning ED, Lunkenheimer E. Parental working memory buffers associations between COVID-19 hardships and child mental health. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 87:101559. [PMID: 37363111 PMCID: PMC10266502 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impaired young children's mental health, underscoring the need for research on protective factors. Using a cross-sectional design, we examined whether parental working memory (WM) buffered relations between COVID-19 hardships (home-life, economic, and quarantine) and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Female parents (N = 339; 83.19% White/Caucasian, 8.85% Black/African American, 3.54% Asian, 1.47% Native American, and 2.36% mixed race; 7.67% Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity) of children 2-5-years-old reported COVID-19 hardships and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms and completed a backward digit span task to measure WM. All types of COVID-19 hardships were positively related to child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Higher parental WM weakened positive relations between all types of hardships and child internalizing symptoms, and between home-life and economic hardships and externalizing symptoms. Results suggest that parental WM, a malleable target for intervention, may buffer associations between the detrimental effects of COVID-19 and young children's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R Kelm
- The Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore, Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Catherine M Diercks
- The Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore, Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Emily D Dunning
- The Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore, Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Erika Lunkenheimer
- The Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore, Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
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20
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Dungan M, Lincoln M, Aichele S, Clark ELM, Harvey A, Hoyer L, Jiao Y, Joslin S, Russell F, Biringen Z. Mother-Child and Father-Child Emotional Availability during the COVID-19 Pandemic. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1044. [PMID: 37371275 DOI: 10.3390/children10061044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
While the body of literature on COVID-19's impacts on family life is rapidly expanding, most studies are based entirely on self-report data, leaving a critical gap in observational studies of parent-child interactions. The goal of this study was to evaluate parent-child relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic using the observational emotional availability (EA) construct. Parents (n = 43) were assessed using the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII), the Flourishing Scale (FLS), and the adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) questionnaires. The subcategories of the EPII were used to develop an EPII negative and an EPII positive for each parent. EA (sensitivity, structuring, nonhostility, nonintrusiveness, child responsiveness, and child involvement) was coded from filmed parent-child interactions. Separate hierarchical multiple regressions (HMRs) were run to evaluate each of the variables of interest (EPII and FLS) as predictive of EA. Child age (M = 6, SD = 4.68) and ACEs were added in subsequent steps for EPII negative and positive if the initial step was significant. For mothers (n = 25), results demonstrated EPII negative as a significant predictor of EA with child age and ACEs adding only small amount of variance to the prediction. The same HMR process was repeated for flourishing, with the covariate child age alone. For fathers (n = 18), flourishing was a significant predictor of EA and child age added only a small amount of variance to the prediction. Results indicate that experiencing high COVID-19-related stressors is associated with lower EA for mothers, but not fathers. Having high levels of flourishing during the pandemic was predictive of higher EA for fathers, but not mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Dungan
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
| | - Michael Lincoln
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
| | - Stephen Aichele
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
| | - Emma L M Clark
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
| | - Ashley Harvey
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
| | - Lillian Hoyer
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
| | - Yuqin Jiao
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
| | - Steffany Joslin
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
| | - Frances Russell
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
| | - Zeynep Biringen
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
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Papini S, López-Castro T, Swarbrick M, Paul LK, Stanley D, Bauer A, Hien DA. Alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine use have distinct associations with COVID-19 pandemic-related experiences: An exploratory Bayesian network analysis across two timepoints. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109929. [PMID: 37267744 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use trends during the COVID-19 pandemic have been extensively documented. However, relatively less is known about the associations between pandemic-related experiences and substance use. METHOD In July 2020 and January 2021, a broad U.S. community sample (N = 1123) completed online assessments of past month alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine use and the 92-item Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory, a multidimensional measure of pandemic-related experiences. We examined links between substance use frequency, and pandemic impact on emotional, physical, economic, and other key domains, using Bayesian Gaussian graphical networks in which edges represent significant associations between variables (referred to as nodes). Bayesian network comparison approaches were used to assess the evidence of stability (or change) in associations between the two timepoints. RESULTS After controlling for all other nodes in the network, multiple significant edges connecting substance use nodes and pandemic-experience nodes were observed across both time points, including positive- (r range 0.07-0.23) and negative-associations (r range -0.25 to -0.11). Alcohol was positively associated with social and emotional pandemic impacts and negatively associated with economic impacts. Nicotine was positively associated with economic impact and negatively associated with social impact. Cannabis was positively associated with emotional impact. Network comparison suggested these associations were stable across the two timepoints. CONCLUSION Alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use had unique associations to a few specific domains among a broad range of pandemic-related experiences. Given the cross-sectional nature of these analyses with observational data, further investigation is needed to identify potential causal links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Papini
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA94612, USA
| | - Teresa López-Castro
- Department of Psychology, Colin Powell School of Civic and Global Leadership, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, NAC 7/120, New York, NY10031, USA
| | - Margaret Swarbrick
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
| | - Lynn K Paul
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA91125, USA
| | - Damian Stanley
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA91125, USA; Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, One South Avenue, Garden City, NY11530, USA
| | - Alexandria Bauer
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
| | - Denise A Hien
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA.
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22
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Pinkney JA, Bogart LM, Carroll KN, Bryan L, Witter G, Ashour D, Shebl FM, Hurtado RM, Goldfarb IT, Hyle EP, Psaros C, Ojikutu BO. Factors Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Uptake Among Pregnant Women and Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Jamaica. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad201. [PMID: 37234512 PMCID: PMC10208745 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite high rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related maternal mortality, Jamaica currently has little data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey of 192 reproductive-aged women in Jamaica from February 1 to 8, 2022. Participants were recruited from a convenience sample of patients, providers, and staff at a teaching hospital. We assessed self-reported COVID-19 vaccination status and COVID-19-related medical mistrust (operationalized as vaccine confidence, government mistrust, and race-based mistrust). We used multivariable modified Poisson regression to test the association between vaccine uptake and pregnancy. Results Of 192 respondents, 72 (38%) were pregnant. Most (93%) were Black. Vaccine uptake was 35% in pregnant women versus 75% in nonpregnant women. Pregnant women were more likely to cite healthcare providers versus the government as trustworthy sources of COVID-19 vaccine information (65% vs 28%). Pregnancy, low vaccine confidence, and government mistrust were associated with a lower likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.68 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .49-.95], aPR = 0.61 [95% CI, .40-.95], and aPR = 0.68 [95% CI, .52-.89], respectively). Race-based mistrust was not associated with COVID-19 vaccination in the final model. Conclusions Pregnancy, low vaccine confidence, and government mistrust were associated with a lower likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination among reproductive-aged women in Jamaica. Future studies should evaluate the efficacy of strategies proven to improve maternal vaccination coverage, including standing "opt-out" vaccination orders and collaborative provider and patient-led educational videos tailored for pregnant individuals. Strategies that decouple vaccine messaging from government agencies also warrant evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodian A Pinkney
- Correspondence: Jodian A. Pinkney, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Cox 5, Boston, MA 02114 (); Laura Bogart, PhD, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA ()
| | - Laura M Bogart
- Correspondence: Jodian A. Pinkney, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Cox 5, Boston, MA 02114 (); Laura Bogart, PhD, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA ()
| | | | - Lenroy Bryan
- University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Dina Ashour
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fatma M Shebl
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rocio M Hurtado
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ilona T Goldfarb
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily P Hyle
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Psaros
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shah A, Arstein‐Kerslake O, Darling M, Morgan T, Torea AV, Laines H, Joshi B, Pena K, Young J. Latent class analysis of the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory on mental health outcomes in Siyan Clinical patients. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1215. [PMID: 37091358 PMCID: PMC10119487 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The COVID-19 pandemic has made an outsized negative impact on mental health worldwide. However, research indicates that this impact was not uniform. This study aimed to determine how mental health patients experienced the COVID-19 pandemic to characterize mental health disparities and identify underlying factors. Methods We used the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII) and latent class analysis to determine the impacts of epidemics and pandemics across several life domains in 245 survey respondents, all of whom were mental health patients at Siyan Clinical. Respondents were predominately White (84.5%) and female (76.3%), with the majority being diagnosed with anxiety or mood disorders (76.3%). Results In the work life domain, respondents in the higher-impact class were more likely to be employed and/or working in healthcare. In both the home life and emotional/physical health and infection domain, respondents with mood disorders, substance use disorders, or children under 18 living at home were more likely to be in the higher-impact class. In the home life and positive change domains, respondents that were married were more likely to be in the higher-impact class, indicating that this group experiences more impacts from the pandemic, both positive and negative. Finally, some groups stood out as having fewer impacts from the pandemic: respondents that were male, over age 55, White, and/or have anxiety disorders were more likely to experience fewer impacts from the pandemic in the work life and home life domains. Conclusions This study provides evidence that certain groups may experience greater or fewer impacts from the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Shah
- Siyan Clinical CorporationSanta RosaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Helen Laines
- Siyan Clinical CorporationSanta RosaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Karina Pena
- Siyan Clinical CorporationSanta RosaCaliforniaUSA
| | - James Young
- Siyan Clinical CorporationSanta RosaCaliforniaUSA
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McGuire AB, Jackson Y, McDonald J. Adding fuel to the fire? Examining exposure to potentially stressful or traumatic events before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in low-income, Black families. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2023; 15:422-430. [PMID: 35925692 PMCID: PMC10208752 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has upended the lives of many individuals. While emerging evidence has begun to document health (e.g., infection) and financial (e.g., job loss) consequences, less is known about the day-to-day experiences of some of the country's most vulnerable populations. The current study sought to address this gap in understanding by examining exposure to potentially stressful or traumatic experiences (PSTEs) and their relation to mental health among predominately low-income, African American/Black individuals. METHOD Adult caregivers (N = 110) from an ongoing longitudinal research project occurring prior the pandemic completed surveys about their exposure to COVID-19-specific PSTEs during the initial months of the pandemic. Information on participants was combined with pre-COVID-19 PSTE exposure and examined in relation to current mental health functioning (e.g., depression). RESULTS Findings indicated that participants experienced several different types of COVID-19-specific PSTEs across multiple domains, including home, work, social life, and health and well-being. Results from model testing indicated that COVID-19-specific PSTEs were only associated with worry about COVID-19-specifically. Adulthood PSTEs prior to COVID-19 were also associated with current anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Among low-income, African American/Black individuals with a history of exposure to PSTEs, additional PSTEs experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic may not contribute significantly to general mental health functioning above and beyond pre-COVID-19 PSTE exposures. Taken together, research on PSTE exposure from the pandemic should make attempts to account for lifetime PSTE exposure to most accurately evaluate current mental health concerns, especially among marginalized populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen B McGuire
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, Dole Human Development Center, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas
| | - Yo Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Jennifer McDonald
- Bureau of Child Research, Dole Lifespan Institute, University of Kansas
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Ramos MS, Corona R, Dempster KW, Morton SCM, Everhart RS. The COVID-19 pandemic: asthma control, tobacco use, and mental health among African American and Latinx college students. J Asthma 2023; 60:496-507. [PMID: 35385676 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2062673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on tobacco use and mental health in US African American and Latinx college students with asthma. Associations among asthma control, tobacco use, and mental health were also examined. METHODS 105 African American and Latinx college students with asthma (18-23 years) completed two online questionnaires (June 2019-March 2020 for Time 1; August 2020-October 2020 for Time 2). Participants completed the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (measure of COVID-19 impact), Asthma Control Test, Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (measure of depression), Perceived Stress Scale, and items related to tobacco use. RESULTS Asthma control improved (t = -3.326, p = 0.001) from Time 1 to 2, and e-vapor product use decreased (χ2104 = 6.572, p = 0.010). COVID-19 impact was positively associated with students' symptoms of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress (B = 0.201, p < 0.001; B = 0.179, p < 0.001; and B = 0.199, p = 0.001, respectively) at Time 2. These results remained significant with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Asthma control at Time 1 was negatively associated with anxiety symptoms at Time 2 (B = -0.418, p = 0.023); however, associations with perceived stress (B = -0.514, p = 0.019) and all other tobacco product use (B = -0.233, p = 0.030) did not remain significant with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction. CONCLUSIONS As hypothesized, a higher COVID-19 impact score was associated with students endorsing more mental health symptoms. Better control of asthma symptoms before the pandemic predicted fewer anxiety symptoms during the pandemic.
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Wing RR, Howard MJ, Olson KL, Unick J, Chao AM, Wadden TA, Wagenknecht LE. Weight changes during the COVID-19 shutdown in older individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Look AHEAD Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:871-882. [PMID: 36478643 PMCID: PMC9878262 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were as follows: 1) examine weight changes in older adults (mean age = 76 years) with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity during the COVID-19 shutdown; and 2) compare the behavioral and psychosocial effects of the shutdown in those who had large weight losses (>5%), those who had small weight losses (2%-5%), those who remained weight stable (±2%), or those who gained weight (>2%). METHODS Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) participants (N = 2544) were surveyed during the COVID-19 shutdown (2020), and they self-reported their current weight, reasons for weight change, weight-related behaviors, psychosocial measures, and negative and positive effects of the pandemic on their lives. RESULTS Comparing self-reported weight during the COVID-19 shutdown with earlier measured weight, Look AHEAD participants lost, on average, 2.2 kg during the COVID-19 shutdown: 47% lost >2%, and only 18% gained >2% (p < 0.0001). Decreases in physical activity and increases in screen time were reported frequently in all weight-change categories. Similarly, there were few differences among the categories on standardized psychosocial measures or self-reported effects of the shutdown on participants' lives. However, when differences were seen, the most negative impact was in those who gained weight. CONCLUSIONS Although weight loss appeared more common than weight gain during the shutdown, the weight-change groups did not differ on most psychosocial and behavioral variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena R. Wing
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human behavior, Miriam HospitalProvidenceRI
| | - Marjorie J. Howard
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Public Health SciencesWinston‐SalemNC
| | - KayLoni L. Olson
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human behavior, Miriam HospitalProvidenceRI
| | - Jessica Unick
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human behavior, Miriam HospitalProvidenceRI
| | - Ariana M. Chao
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health SciencesPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Thomas A. Wadden
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of PsychiatryPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Lynne E. Wagenknecht
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Public Health SciencesWinston‐SalemNC
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López-Castro T, Papini S, Bauer A, Swarbrick M, Paul LK, Nizzi MC, Stanley D, Team CD, Hien D. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories in a 16-month COVID-19 pandemic period. J Trauma Stress 2023; 36:180-192. [PMID: 36572985 PMCID: PMC9880687 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic presents an unheralded opportunity to better understand trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms across a prolonged period of social disruption and stress. We tracked PTSD symptoms among trauma-exposed individuals in the United States and sought to identify population-based variability in PTSD symptom trajectories and understand what, if any, early pandemic experiences predicted membership in one trajectory versus others. As part of a longitudinal study of U.S. residents during the pandemic, participants who reported at least one potentially traumatic experience in their lifetime (N = 1,206) at Wave 1 (April 2020) were included in the current study. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the PCL-5 at four time points extending to July 2021. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to identify heterogeneous symptom trajectories. Trajectory membership was regressed on experiences from the early stage of the pandemic as measured using the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory in a model that controlled for variables with documented associations to PTSD trajectories, including age, sex, income, and trauma history. Four trajectories were identified, categorized as resilient (73.0%), recurring (13.3%), recovering (8.3%), and chronic (5.5%). Emotional and physical health problems and positive changes associated with the early phase of the pandemic were each significant predictors of trajectory membership over and above all other variables in the model. Predictors primarily differentiated the resilient trajectory from each of the other three trajectories. Distinct PTSD symptom trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest a need for targeted efforts to help individuals at most risk for ongoing distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa López-Castro
- Psychology Department, Colin Powell School of Civic and Global Leadership, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Santiago Papini
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Alexandria Bauer
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Margaret Swarbrick
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lynn K Paul
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | | | - Damian Stanley
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.,Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
| | - Covid-Dynamic Team
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Denise Hien
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Marquardt CA, Chu C, Hill JE, Venables NC, Kuzenski L, Davenport ND, Disner SG, Finn JA, Gilmore CS, Erbes CR, Urošević S. Evaluating resilience in response to COVID-19 pandemic stressors among veteran mental health outpatients. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2023; 132:26-37. [PMID: 36455008 PMCID: PMC9870973 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
There is a public health need to understand mental health vulnerabilities to COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors and promote resilience among high-risk populations with preexisting psychiatric conditions. Recent cross-sectional studies suggest increases in mental health distress (e.g., depression and anxiety) during the pandemic. The present study expands upon these emerging findings using longitudinal latent modeling and hierarchical linear regressions. Consistent with the developmental psychopathology literature on resilience, we distinguished between promotive or risk (i.e., main effect), and protective or vulnerability (i.e., moderation) effects on mental health during the pandemic. At a large medical center, 398 veterans receiving outpatient mental health care provided prepandemic (Time 1) and during pandemic (Time 2) assessments of mental and physical health-related distress. Additional Time 2 questionnaires assessed pandemic-related stressors and positive behavioral adaptations in the summer of 2020. As expected, total stressor scores predicted longitudinal worsening of self-reported mental (β = -.205) and physical health (β = -.217). Positive behavioral adaptations enacted during the pandemic moderated and protected against stressor effects on mental health (β = .160). In addition, the presence of substance use disorders moderated and conferred vulnerability to stressor effects on physical health (β = -.158). Thus, higher COVID-19 pandemic stressor exposure may have exacerbated mental and physical health distress among veterans with common forms of psychopathology. Nevertheless, behavioral activation, purposeful maintenance of social connections, and focused treatment for substance misuse may be important intervention targets for reducing the longitudinal impact of pandemic stressors and enhancing resilience among people with mental illness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Marquardt
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Carol Chu
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Jessica E. Hill
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Noah C. Venables
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Laci Kuzenski
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Nicholas D. Davenport
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Seth G. Disner
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Jacob A. Finn
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Casey S. Gilmore
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Christopher R. Erbes
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Snežana Urošević
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
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Reinelt T, Suppiger D, Frey C, Oertel R, Natalucci G. Infant regulation during the pandemic: Associations with maternal response to the COVID-19 pandemic, well-being, and socio-emotional investment. INFANCY 2022; 28:9-33. [PMID: 36056543 PMCID: PMC9539181 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the transition to parenthood, the COVID-19 pandemic poses an additional strain on parental well-being. Confirmed infections or having to quarantine, as well as public health measures negatively affect parents and infants. Contrary to previous studies mainly focusing on the well-being of school-aged children and their parents during lockdown periods, the present study investigated how mothers of infants respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and whether this is related to maternal well-being, maternal socio-emotional investment, and infant regulation. Between April and June 2021, 206 mothers of infants (Mage = 7.14 months, SDage = 3.75 months) reported on COVID-19 infections, their response to the COVID-19 pandemic, their well-being, socio-emotional investment, and their infant's regulation. Exploratory factor analyses yielded five dimensions of maternal response to the COVID-19 pandemic: social distancing, worrying about the child, birth anxiety, distancing from the child, and information on COVID-19-related parenting behavior and support. These dimensions were related to mother-reported infant regulatory problems. Path analyses revealed paths via reduced maternal well-being and maternal socio-emotional investment. Maternal perceptions of infant regulatory problems are related to how the mothers respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Better information about COVID-19-related parenting behavior and support might buffer against these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Reinelt
- Department of NeonatologyFamily Larsson‐Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth, and Nutrition of the NewbornUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Debora Suppiger
- Department of NeonatologyFamily Larsson‐Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth, and Nutrition of the NewbornUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Clarissa Frey
- Department of NeonatologyFamily Larsson‐Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth, and Nutrition of the NewbornUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Rebecca Oertel
- Department of NeonatologyFamily Larsson‐Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth, and Nutrition of the NewbornUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Giancarlo Natalucci
- Department of NeonatologyFamily Larsson‐Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth, and Nutrition of the NewbornUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Jones LB, Kiel EJ, Luebbe AM, Hay MC. Resilience in mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2022; 36:815-826. [PMID: 35343734 PMCID: PMC9703466 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought immense psychological pressure and disruptions to daily life for all individuals, and particularly children, parents, and families. Despite these difficulties, parents are able to show resilience through adaptive coping and positive parenting behaviors. Although there is robust research on resilience in children, very little research has tested predictors of parental resilience. The present study presents descriptive information about mothers' pandemic-related stressors and positive changes and then tests whether prepandemic maternal well-being and child effortful control predicted mothers' resilient parental outcomes (positive behavior and coping) through the mediators of maternal self-compassion, adherence to family routines, and child coping. The sample comprised 95 mothers (95.38% European American, 3.2% African American, and 1.1% Asian American) with a mean age of 38.21 years (SD = 5.71 years, Range = 25.72-51.60 years) and education ranging from a high school to an advanced degree (M = 16.26 years, SD = 2.28 years, Range = 12-21 years). Results revealed that prepandemic maternal well-being predicted adaptive coping both directly and indirectly through self-compassion. Children's effortful control predicted maternal adaptive coping indirectly through children's own adaptive coping, and predicted mothers' positive parenting behaviors directly. Posthoc models revealed adherence to routines to be a correlate and outcome, rather than predictor, of positive parenting and bidirectional relations between parent and child coping. This study provides evidence for parent, child, and family-level factors related to parental resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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31
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Iverson KM, Dardis CM, Cowlishaw S, Webermann AR, Shayani DR, Dichter ME, Mitchell KS, Mattocks KM, Gerber MR, Portnoy GR. Effects of Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19 and Pandemic-Related Stress on the Mental and Physical Health of Women Veterans. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:724-733. [PMID: 36042090 PMCID: PMC9427167 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about women veterans' intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic or the impacts of pandemic-related stress on their mental and physical health. OBJECTIVES To identify IPV experiences among women veterans prior to and during the pandemic, pandemic-related stressors, and examine their respective contributions to mental and physical health. DESIGN National sample of women veterans drawn from a larger web-based longitudinal study. Relationships between recent IPV and pandemic-related stressors were tested with linear regressions, controlling for pre-pandemic IPV and mental and physical health symptoms, demographic, and military-related covariates. PARTICIPANTS One hundred forty-two women veterans (Mage=58.8 years). MAIN MEASURES We assessed IPV (CTS-2), PTSD (PCL-5), depression (CESD), anxiety (DASS-A), physical health (PHQ-15), and physical health-related quality of life (SF-12) prior to the pandemic (June 2016-December 2016/January 2017) and during the pandemic study period (March 2020-December 2020/January 2021). We assessed pandemic-related stressors (EPII) during the pandemic study period. KEY RESULTS Over a third (38.7%) of participants experienced IPV during the pandemic study period (psychological: 35.9%, physical: 9.9%, sexual: 4.2%). Overall rates, frequency, and severity of IPV experience did not significantly differ between the pre-pandemic and pandemic study periods. Few participants tested positive for COVID-19 (4.2%); however, most participants reported experiencing pandemic-related stressors across life domains (e.g., social activities: 88%, physical health: 80.3%, emotional health: 68.3%). IPV during the pandemic and pandemic-related stressors were both associated with greater PTSD and depressive symptoms. Pandemic-related stressors were associated with worse anxiety and physical health symptoms. Neither IPV during the pandemic nor pandemic-related stressors were associated with physical health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS IPV experiences during the pandemic were common among women veterans, as were pandemic-related stressors. Although IPV did not increase in the context of COVID-19, IPV experiences during the pandemic and pandemic-related stressors were linked with poorer mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Iverson
- Women's Health Sciences Division of the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Sean Cowlishaw
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Danielle R Shayani
- Women's Health Sciences Division of the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa E Dichter
- VA Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Social Work, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karen S Mitchell
- Women's Health Sciences Division of the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin M Mattocks
- VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System, Leeds, MA, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Megan R Gerber
- Division of General Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
- Albany Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Galina R Portnoy
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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32
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Young JQ, McCann-Pineo M, Rasul R, Malhotra P, Jan S, Friedman K, Corley SS, Yacht AC, Barone S, Bellehsen M, Parashar N, Schwartz RM. Evidence for validity of the epidemic-pandemic impacts inventory (brief healthcare module): Internal structure and association with other variables. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2022; 78:98-107. [PMID: 35776080 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2022.2093823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has subjected healthcare workers to enormous stress. Measuring the impact of this public health emergency is essential to developing strategies that can effectively promote resilience and wellness. The Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory Supplemental Healthcare Module-Brief Version (EPII-SHMb) was developed to measure impacts among occupational cohorts serving on the front lines of healthcare. While this instrument has been utilized in COVID-19 related studies, little is known about its psychometric properties. This study collects evidence for validity of the EPII-SHMb by evaluating its internal structure and how its scores associate with other variables. Physicians and nursing staff across a large New York health system were cross-sectionally surveyed using an online questionnaire between June and November 2020. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 3-factor solution, identifying factors Lack of Workplace Safety (7 items), Death/Dying of Patients (3 items), and Lack of Outside Support (2 items). Internal consistency was high overall and within physician/nursing and gender subgroups (Cronbach's alpha: 0.70 - 0.81). Median scores on Death/Dying of Patients were higher among those who directly cared for COVID-19 patients or worked in COVID-19 hospital units. These results are promising. Additional studies evaluating other dimensions of validity are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Q Young
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital at Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Molly McCann-Pineo
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Traumatic Stress, Resilience and Recovery at Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Rehana Rasul
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Traumatic Stress, Resilience and Recovery at Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Prashant Malhotra
- Division of Infectious Disease, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Jan
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
- Division of Pediatrics and Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Division of Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Karen Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Samantha S Corley
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Traumatic Stress, Resilience and Recovery at Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Andrew C Yacht
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Barone
- Division of Pediatrics and Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Mayer Bellehsen
- Center for Traumatic Stress, Resilience and Recovery at Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
- Unified Behavioral Health Center for Military Veterans and their Families, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Nidhi Parashar
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Resident Mental Health Program, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca M Schwartz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Traumatic Stress, Resilience and Recovery at Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
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33
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Wagenknecht LE, Chao AM, Wadden TA, McCaffery JM, Hayden KM, Laferrère B, Clark JM, Johnson KC, Howard MJ, Yanovski SZ, Wing RR. Impact of COVID-19 on life experiences reported by a diverse cohort of older adults with diabetes and obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1268-1278. [PMID: 35277935 PMCID: PMC9088617 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-reported life experiences in older adults with diabetes and obesity. METHODS Participants were surveyed in 2020 regarding negative and positive impacts of the pandemic across domains of personal, social, and physical experiences. A cumulative negative risk index (a count of all reported negative impacts of 46 items) and a positive risk index (5 items) were characterized in relation to age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, and multimorbidity. RESULTS Response rate was high (2950/3193, 92%), average age was 76 years, 63% were women, and 39% were from underrepresented populations. Women reported more negative impacts than men (6.8 vs. 5.6; p < 0.001 [of 46 items]) as did persons with a greater multimorbidity index (p < 0.001). Participants reporting African American/Black race reported fewer negative impacts than White participants. Women also reported more positive impacts than men (1.9 vs. 1.6; p < 0.001 [of 5 items]). CONCLUSIONS Older adults with diabetes and obesity reported more positive impacts of the pandemic than negative impacts, relative to the number of positive (or negative) items presented. Some subgroups experienced greater negative impacts (e.g., for women, a greater multimorbidity index). Efforts to reestablish personal, social, and physical health after the pandemic could target certain groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariana M. Chao
- Department of Biobehavioral Health SciencesUniversity of Pennsylvania School of NursingPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Thomas A. Wadden
- Department of PsychiatryPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karen C. Johnson
- Department of Preventive MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Susan Z. Yanovski
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Rena R. Wing
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityMiriam HospitalProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
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Tran DD, Fitzke RE, Wang J, Davis JP, Pedersen ER. Substance Use, Financial Stress, Employment Disruptions, and Anxiety among Veterans during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychol Rep 2022:332941221080413. [PMID: 35324356 PMCID: PMC8958310 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221080413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in financial, employment, and mental health challenges. In general, American veterans report high rates of substance use, which may be influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Those with pre-existing mental health problems, employment disruptions, or financial stress may be particularly vulnerable. We examined the relationships between pre-existing self-report screens for a probable anxiety disorder, COVID-19-related financial stress, employment disruption (e.g., lost job, reduced hours), and alcohol, cannabis, and cigarette use during the pandemic among 1230 veterans (Mage = 34.5; 89% male). Participants were recruited through various social media sites and completed an online survey 1 month prior to implementation of the nationwide physical distancing guidelines in the United States (February 2020). Six months later (August 2020), they completed a follow-up survey. Compared to veterans who screened negative for anxiety prior to the pandemic, veterans who screened positive reported consuming more drinks per week (b = 3.05), were more likely to use cannabis (OR = 6.53), and smoked more cigarettes (b = 2.06) during the first 6 months of the pandemic. Financial stress was positively associated with alcohol (b = 1.09) and cannabis use (OR = 1.90). Alcohol use was heaviest among veterans with a positive pre-existing anxiety screen and high financial stress. Moreover, veterans who experienced employment disruption due to the pandemic consumed less alcohol but were more likely to use cannabis during the pandemic. Veterans with pre-pandemic anxiety and pandemic-related financial stress may be using substances at higher rates and may benefit from intervention to mitigate negative substance use-related outcomes. Findings also enhance our understanding of veteran substance use behaviors following disruptions in employment due to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise D Tran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 12223University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reagan E Fitzke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 12223University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- 12223University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jordan P Davis
- USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society. USC Center for Mindfulness Science. USC Institute for Addiction Science, 115162University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 12223University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Belfer J, Feld L, Jan S, Fishbein J, Young JQ, Barone S. The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Physician Wellness: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3745. [PMID: 35329432 PMCID: PMC8952305 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has provided challenges to all healthcare workers. While the brunt of treating COVID-19 patients fell upon adult providers, pediatricians also experienced significant stressors and disruptions. Academic pediatricians and trainees (fellows and residents) were redeployed to manage adult patients in hospitalist and intensive care settings and/or had major changes to their clinical schedules. In this study, we aimed to describe levels of self-reported depression, anxiety, and burnout in pediatric physicians following the initial wave of the pandemic at the largest integrated health system in New York State. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatric physicians who cared for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic within the Northwell Health System as part of the Northwell Wellbeing Registry, a longitudinal registry assessing the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare providers. A total of 99 pediatric physician respondents were included in this study; 72% of whom were attendings, 28% of whom were trainees. Compared to attendings, trainees reported significantly higher proportions of burnout-emotional exhaustion (p = 0.0007) and burnout-depersonalization (p = 0.0011) on the Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory. There was not a similar trend in probable depression or probable anxiety using the Patient Health Questionnaire. In a multivariable logistic regression model, being a trainee was significantly associated with increased odds of burnout-emotional exhaustion (OR 5.94, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.85-19.02). These findings suggest that fellows and residents were a vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Training programs should pay special attention to their trainees during times of crisis, and future studies can help to identify protective factors to reduce the risk of burnout during these times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Belfer
- Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, NY 11040, USA; (L.F.); (S.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Lance Feld
- Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, NY 11040, USA; (L.F.); (S.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Sophia Jan
- Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, NY 11040, USA; (L.F.); (S.J.); (S.B.)
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA;
- Medicine & Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, NY 11549, USA
| | - Joanna Fishbein
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA;
| | - John Q. Young
- Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, NY 11549, USA;
- Zucker Hillside Hospital at Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, NY 11004, USA
| | - Stephen Barone
- Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, NY 11040, USA; (L.F.); (S.J.); (S.B.)
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Sargent L, Zanjani F, Winship J, Gendron T, Mackiewicz M, Diallo A, Waters L, Battle K, Ford G, Falls K, Chung J, Price ET, Cisewski M, Parsons P, Health VCUIC. Socioeconomic Effects on Psychosocial Factors Among Low-Income Older Adults. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221084866. [PMID: 35299880 PMCID: PMC8921758 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221084866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Older adults have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. The primary goal of this study is to determine the socioeconomic effects on psychosocial factors among low-income independent-living older adults, in an urban setting, during the COVID-pandemic. Methods: Participants were recruited through Virginia Commonwealth University’s Richmond Health and Wellness Program. Telephone surveys (n=100) were conducted using the Epidemic – Pandemic Impacts Inventory Geriatric with the Racial/Ethnic Discrimination addendum. Responses were analyzed for income and education effects across seven domains: home life, social activities/isolation, economic, emotional health-wellbeing, physical health, COVID-infection history, and positive change behaviors/experiences. Results: The sample population was between 51 and 87 years of age, 88% were Black, 57% reported incomes of $10,000/year or less, and 60% reported a high-school education or less. There were income effects for social activities/isolation (f = 3.69, p<.05) and positive change (f = 8.40, p<.01), and education effects for COVID History (f = 4.20, p <.04). Discussion: Overall results highlight the social patterns for a diverse sample of low-income urban older adults; education and income are identified as risk factors for social losses, COVID-infection experiences, racial/ethnic discrimination during the COVID-pandemic, and positive change behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Sargent
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Faika Zanjani
- Department of Gerontology, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jodi Winship
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tracey Gendron
- Department of Gerontology, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marissa Mackiewicz
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Program, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ana Diallo
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Leland Waters
- Virginia Center on Aging, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly Battle
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Katherine Falls
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jane Chung
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Elvin T. Price
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Program, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Melissa Cisewski
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pamela Parsons
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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37
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Hussong AM, Midgette AJ, Richards AN, Petrie RC, Coffman JL, Thomas TE. COVID-19 Life Events Spill-Over on Family Functioning and Adolescent Adjustment. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2022; 42:359-388. [PMID: 35177875 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-90361/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We examined US parent and youth perceptions of how life events, both positive and negative, associated with COVID-19 resulted in changes in family and youth functioning. Families (n = 105, 80% white, 48% male, and 87% mothers) completed surveys during the pandemic (May to July 2020) and 3 years prior (for youth ages M = 10.6, SD = 1.17 and M = 13.6, SD = 1.19). Declines in youth, though not parent, report of open family communication, parental support, and family satisfaction were found. Declines were associated with various domains of pandemic-related stress in parent report, though positive life events served as buffers. Pre-pandemic family functioning also predicted pandemic stress. Spillover effects in turn impacted youth functioning. The current findings shed light on how experiences of the pandemic are linked with family functioning and have implications for how to support families during this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Hussong
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel C Petrie
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Taylor E Thomas
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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38
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Hussong AM, Midgette AJ, Richards AN, Petrie RC, Coffman JL, Thomas TE. COVID-19 Life Events Spill-Over on Family Functioning and Adolescent Adjustment. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2022; 42:359-388. [PMID: 35177875 PMCID: PMC8846419 DOI: 10.1177/02724316211036744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined US parent and youth perceptions of how life events, both positive and negative, associated with COVID-19 resulted in changes in family and youth functioning. Families (n = 105, 80% white, 48% male, and 87% mothers) completed surveys during the pandemic (May to July 2020) and 3 years prior (for youth ages M = 10.6, SD = 1.17 and M = 13.6, SD = 1.19). Declines in youth, though not parent, report of open family communication, parental support, and family satisfaction were found. Declines were associated with various domains of pandemic-related stress in parent report, though positive life events served as buffers. Pre-pandemic family functioning also predicted pandemic stress. Spillover effects in turn impacted youth functioning. The current findings shed light on how experiences of the pandemic are linked with family functioning and have implications for how to support families during this time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rachel C. Petrie
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Taylor E. Thomas
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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39
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Grasso DJ. A Trauma-Informed Approach to Assessment, Case Conceptualization, and Treatment Planning for Youth Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 48:3-11. [PMID: 35106481 PMCID: PMC8794594 DOI: 10.1007/s42843-021-00053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Children’s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent public health problem that can result in serious mental health impairments, including traumatic stress. These can emerge early and persist across development. IPV early in life has also been described as a “gateway exposure” to other forms of adversity and trauma. Children and families impacted by IPV have complex needs that complicate assessment and intervention. This paper highlights these issues and reviews best practices in assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment planning as they pertain to the treatment of IPV-exposed children. A case vignette illustrates the complex nature of IPV and application of best practices by telling the story of Isaiah, a 13-year-old boy with an extensive history of IPV exposure and co-occurring adversity and trauma.
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40
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Bountress KE, Cusack SE, Conley AH, Aggen SH, The Spit For Science Working Group, Vassileva J, Dick DM, Amstadter AB. The COVID-19 pandemic impacts psychiatric outcomes and alcohol use among college students. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2022279. [PMID: 35186215 PMCID: PMC8856034 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2022279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed fundamental challenges on nearly every area of life. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to expand on the literature on the impact of the pandemic on college students by a) examining domains of impact of the pandemic on psychiatric and alcohol outcomes and b) controlling for pre-pandemic outcomes. METHOD Participants included 897 college students (78.6% female) from a larger longitudinal study on college student mental health. Structural equation models were fit to examine how COVID-19 impact (exposure, worry, food/housing insecurity, change in social media use, change in substance use) were associated with PTSD, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and alcohol phenotypes. Models were fit to adjust for pre-pandemic symptoms. RESULTS No effects of COVID-19 exposure remained after adjusting for earlier outcomes. COVID-19 worry predicted PTSD, depression, and anxiety, even after adjusting for earlier levels of outcomes (β's: .091-.180, p's < .05). Housing/food concerns predicted PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms as well as suicidal ideation (β's: .085-.551, p's < .05) after adjusting for earlier levels of symptoms. Change in media use predicted alcohol consumption (β's: ± .116-.197, p's < .05). Change in substance use affected all outcomes except suicidality (β's: .112-.591, p's < .05). CONCLUSIONS Domains of COVID-19 impact had differential effects on mental health and substance outcomes in college students during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic. Future studies should examine the trajectory of these factors on college student mental health across waves of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E Bountress
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shannon E Cusack
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Abigail H Conley
- Department of Counseling and Special Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven H Aggen
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - The Spit For Science Working Group
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Counseling and Special Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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41
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Feliciano L, Johanson KA, Okun ML, Walden A. Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Emotional and Physical Health of Older Adults Compared with Younger Cohorts. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:45-57. [PMID: 34463221 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1966561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared emotional and physical health and overall well-being related to social restrictions during the pandemic among older, middle-aged, and younger adults in the United States (n = 276). METHODS Online surveys collected information on mental and physical health, as well as positive and negative impacts of the pandemic. One-way MANOVAs and hierarchical regressions were used to analyze data. RESULTS Depressive symptoms and coronavirus anxiety differed significantly by age, with older adults reporting less depressive and anxious symptoms than younger cohorts. Negative COVID experiences significantly predicted higher levels of stress, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms in younger adults as compared to older cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that social restrictions had a more substantial negative impact amongst younger adults compared to older adults, particularly in terms of mental health and well-being. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Older adults may be more resilient to the impacts of the pandemic than younger cohorts and thus may serve as a critical resource for how to navigate crisis situations of this nature. Future studies should continue to monitor health outcomes as the pandemic subsides in conjunction with the vaccine rollout, as the long-term effects of social distancing and stay-at-home measures are yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilani Feliciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado Springs, United States
| | - Katherine A Johanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado Springs, United States
| | - Michele L Okun
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado Springs, United States
| | - Allison Walden
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado Springs, United States
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42
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Diaz MM, Cabrera DM, Gil-Zacarias M, Ramirez V, Saavedra M, Cárcamo C, Hsieh E, Garcia PJ. Knowledge and Impact of COVID-19 on Middle-Aged and Older People Living with HIV in Lima, Peru. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2021; 20:23259582211056760. [PMID: 34870508 PMCID: PMC8655474 DOI: 10.1177/23259582211056760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has had an unprecedented worldwide impact, and Peru has had one of the
highest COVID-19 case rates despite implementation of an early strict nationwide
quarantine. Repercussions on Peru's healthcare system may impact vulnerable
populations, particularly people with HIV (PWH). We explored knowledge of
COVID-19 and the socioeconomic and health impact of the pandemic among
middle-aged and older PWH. A cross-sectional telephone survey was administered
to 156 PWH age ≥40 years receiving care in one of two large HIV clinics in Lima,
Peru. The majority of PWH (age 52 ± 7.7 years, 41% female, 65% completed
secondary school or less) were knowledgeable regarding COVID-19 symptoms and
prevention methods. Nearly half of those employed prior to the pandemic reported
job loss. Female sex (unadjusted prevalence ratio [PR] 1.85 [95%CI 1.27-2.69]),
low educational level (PR 1.62 [1.06-2.48]) and informal work (PR 1.58
[1.06-2.36]) were risk factors for unemployment but not in adjusted models.
Increased anxiety was reported in 64% and stress in 77%. COVID-19 has had a
substantial socioeconomic and mental health impact on PWH living in Lima, Peru,
particularly those with lower educational levels and informal workers. Efforts
are needed to ensure continued medical care and socioeconomic support of PWH in
Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Diaz
- 6797University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,33216Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Diego M Cabrera
- 33216Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,5755Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cesar Cárcamo
- 33216Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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43
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Grasso DJ, Stover CS, Whitaker DJ. Introduction to the Special Issue on the Intersection of Intimate Partner Violence and Child Maltreatment. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2021; 26:351-355. [PMID: 34338044 DOI: 10.1177/10775595211036411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damion J Grasso
- 242847University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Carla S Stover
- Child Study Center, 5755Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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44
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Hood AM, Stotesbury H, Murphy J, Kölbel M, Slee A, Springall C, Paradis M, Corral-Frías NS, Reyes-Aguilar A, Cuellar Barboza AB, Noser AE, Gomes S, Mitchell M, Watkins SM, Butsch Kovacic M, Kirkham FJ, Crosby LE. Attitudes About COVID-19 and Health (ATTACH): Online Survey and Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e29963. [PMID: 34357877 PMCID: PMC8500353 DOI: 10.2196/29963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral mitigation strategies to slow the spread of COVID-19 have resulted in sweeping lifestyle changes, with short- and long-term psychological, well-being, and quality of life implications. The Attitudes About COVID-19 and Health (ATTACH) study focuses on understanding attitudes and beliefs while considering the impact on mental and physical health and the influence of broader demographic and geographic factors on attitudes, beliefs, and mental health burden. OBJECTIVE In this assessment of our first wave of data collection, we provide baseline cohort description of the ATTACH study participants in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Mexico. Additionally, we assess responses to daily poll questions related to COVID-19 and conduct a cross-sectional analysis of baseline assessments collected in the UK between June 26 and October 31, 2020. METHODS The ATTACH study uses smartphone app technology and online survey data collection. Participants completed poll questions related to COVID-19 2 times daily and a monthly survey assessing mental health, social isolation, physical health, and quality of life. Poll question responses were graphed using 95% Clopper-Pearson (exact) tests with 95% CIs. Pearson correlations, hierarchical linear regression analyses, and generalized linear models assessed relationships, predictors of self-reported outcomes, and group differences, respectively. RESULTS By October 31, 2020, 1405, 80, and 90 participants had consented to participate in the UK, United States, and Mexico, respectively. Descriptive data for the UK daily poll questions indicated that participants generally followed social distancing measures, but worry and negative impacts on families increased as the pandemic progressed. Although participants generally reported feeling that the reasons for current measures had been made clear, there was low trust that the government was doing everything in its power to meet public needs. In the UK, 1282 participants also completed a monthly survey (94.99% [1326/1396] White, 72.22% [1014/1404] female, and 20.12% [277/1377] key or essential workers); 18.88% (242/1282) of UK participants reported a preexisting mental health disorder, 31.36% (402/1282) reported a preexisting chronic medical illness, and 35.11% (493/1404) were aged over 65; 57.72% (740/1282) of participants reported being more sedentary since the pandemic began, and 41.89% (537/1282) reported reduced access to medical care. Those with poorer mental health outcomes lived in more deprived neighborhoods, in larger households (Ps<.05), had more preexisting mental health disorders and medical conditions, and were younger than 65 years (all Ps<.001). CONCLUSIONS Communities who have been exposed to additional harm during the COVID-19 pandemic were experiencing worse mental outcomes. Factors including having a medical condition, or living in a deprived neighborhood or larger household were associated with heightened risk. Future longitudinal studies should investigate the link between COVID-19 exposure, mental health, and sociodemographic and residential characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Hood
- Developmental Neurosciences Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanne Stotesbury
- Developmental Neurosciences Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Kölbel
- Developmental Neurosciences Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - April Slee
- Axio Research LLC, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Azalea Reyes-Aguilar
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Department of Neuroscience, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Amy E Noser
- Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stacey Gomes
- Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- College of Criminal Justice, Education and Human Services, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Monica Mitchell
- Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sharon M Watkins
- Cincinnati-Hamilton County Community Action Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Melinda Butsch Kovacic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Fenella J Kirkham
- Developmental Neurosciences Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lori E Crosby
- Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- James M Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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45
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Rosencrans M, Arango P, Sabat C, Buck A, Brown C, Tenorio M, Witwer A. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health, wellbeing, and access to services of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 114:103985. [PMID: 34049229 PMCID: PMC9758885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) may be especially vulnerable to changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic given an increased likelihood of health concerns, low socioeconomic status, and difficulty accessing services. AIMS The purpose of this study was to explore mental health problems and services in individuals with IDD during the pandemic. We explored whether number of mental health problems differed by disability, age, gender, living situation, physical health, and access to services. METHODS AND PROCEDURES An online survey about experiences during the pandemic was administered to adults with IDD and their caregivers in the United States and in Chile. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS In both Chile and the United States, few people endorsed increased health problems. Half of the sample in Chile and 41 % of the sample in the United States endorsed increased mental health problems. Approximately 15 % of the sample in the US reported no longer receiving state developmental disability services. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Healthcare and disability-specific agencies should consider strategies to tailor supports to improve mental health functioning and access to community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Rosencrans
- Ohio State University, 1581 Dodd Drive, #357, Nisonger Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Paulina Arango
- Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute for Caregiving Research (MICARE), Chile.
| | - Camila Sabat
- Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute for Caregiving Research (MICARE), Chile.
| | - Andrew Buck
- Ohio State University, 1581 Dodd Drive, #357, Nisonger Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Christine Brown
- Ohio State University, 1581 Dodd Drive, #357, Nisonger Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Marcela Tenorio
- Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute for Caregiving Research (MICARE), Chile.
| | - Andrea Witwer
- Ohio State University, 1581 Dodd Drive, #357, Nisonger Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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46
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Haydon KC, Salvatore JE. A Prospective Study of Mental Health, Well-Being, and Substance Use During the Initial COVID-19 Pandemic Surge. Clin Psychol Sci 2021; 10:58-73. [PMID: 35174007 PMCID: PMC8845503 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211013499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered everyday life worldwide, and some individuals may be at increased risk for pandemic-related distress. In a U.S. community sample (N = 236, 64% female; 78% White; M age = 30.3) assessed prior to COVID-19 and during the initial surge, we examined, prospectively, whether pandemic disruptions and a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were associated with changes in depressive symptoms, stress, sleep, relationship satisfaction, and substance use over time, and with concurrent anxiety and peritraumatic distress. Negative pandemic-related events were associated with significantly higher depressive symptoms and stress and lower satisfaction over time, as well as higher concurrent anxiety and peritraumatic distress. ACEs were associated with more negative pandemic-related events, which in turn associated with higher peri-pandemic depressive symptoms, stress, anxiety, and peritraumatic distress. Findings underscore that COVID-19 disruptions are associated with greater distress, and that childhood trauma is a key axis of differential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics
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47
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Doom JR, Seok D, Narayan AJ, Fox KR. Adverse and Benevolent Childhood Experiences Predict Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2021; 2:193-204. [PMID: 33907733 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/vr5jd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poorer adult mental health, and benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) are associated with better adult mental health. This study aims to test whether ACEs and BCEs predict adult mental health above and beyond current stress and social support during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data from undergraduate and graduate students (N = 502) at an urban private university in the Western United States. An online survey was conducted to assess ACEs and BCEs, current stress and social support, depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, and loneliness in May 2020. Higher levels of ACEs were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, β = 0.45, p = 0.002. Higher levels of BCEs were associated with lower depressive symptoms, β = -0.39, p = 0.03; lower perceived stress, β = -0.26, p = 0.002; and less loneliness, β = -0.12, p = 0.04. These associations held while controlling for current stress, social support, and socioeconomic status. Childhood experiences are associated with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. BCEs should be considered an important promotive factor, independent of ACEs, for psychological well-being during a global public health crisis. BCEs should be included along with ACEs in future research, assessment, and screening with distressed and vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenalee R Doom
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St, Denver, CO 80210 USA
| | - Deborah Seok
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St, Denver, CO 80210 USA
| | - Angela J Narayan
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St, Denver, CO 80210 USA
| | - Kathryn R Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St, Denver, CO 80210 USA
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48
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Stone LMD, Millman ZB, Öngür D, Shinn AK. The Intersection Between Childhood Trauma, the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Trauma-related and Psychotic Symptoms in People With Psychotic Disorders. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2021; 2:sgab050. [PMID: 34881362 PMCID: PMC8643711 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction People with psychotic disorders may be disproportionately affected by the traumatic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Childhood trauma, which also increases vulnerability to subsequent stressors, is common in individuals with psychosis. In this study, we investigated the intersection of the pandemic, childhood trauma, and psychotic and trauma-related symptoms in individuals with psychotic disorders. Methods We administered a cross-sectional survey to 151 participants [47 schizophrenia (SZ), 53 psychotic bipolar disorder (BP)], 51 healthy control (HC)] during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were asked about exposure to the pandemic’s impacts, childhood trauma, and post-traumatic stress, dissociative, and psychotic symptoms. Results BP reported greater negative impacts to emotional health than SZ and HC and to non-COVID physical health than HC. SZ reported less impact on work and employment during the pandemic. There were no other group differences in pandemic-related adversities. We also found that cumulative exposure to the pandemic’s negative impacts was significantly associated with PTSD symptoms but not psychotic or dissociative symptoms. Moreover, the number of adversities an individual experienced during the pandemic was strongly associated with the cumulative number of traumatic experiences they had in childhood. Discussion Our results suggest that having a psychotic disorder does not, in and of itself, increase susceptibility to the pandemic’s negative impacts. Instead, we provide evidence of a graded relationship between cumulative exposure to the pandemic’s negative impacts and PTSD symptom severity, as well as a graded relationship between cumulative childhood traumatic experiences and the number pandemic adversities, across diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena M D Stone
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Zachary B Millman
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann K Shinn
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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49
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Brock RL, Laifer LM. Family Science in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Solutions and New Directions. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1007-1017. [PMID: 32663330 PMCID: PMC7405324 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has precipitated substantial global disruption and will continue to pose major challenges. In recognition of the challenges currently faced by family scientists, we share our perspectives about conducting family research in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are two primary issues we address in this article. First, we present a range of potential solutions to challenges in research, resulting from the pandemic, and discuss strategies for preserving ongoing research efforts. We discuss approaches to scaling back existing protocols, share ideas for adapting laboratory-based measures for online administration (e.g., using video chat platforms), and suggest strategies for addressing missing data and reduced sample size due to lower participation rates and funding restrictions. We also discuss the importance of measuring COVID-19 relevant factors to use as controls or explore as moderators of primary hypotheses. Second, we discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic represents a scientifically important context for understanding how families adjust and adapt to change and adversity. Increased stress precipitated by the pandemic, varying from acute stress associated with job loss to more chronic and enduring stress, will undoubtedly take a toll. We discuss ways that family scientists can contribute to pandemic-related research to promote optimal family functioning and protect the health of family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Brock
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Lauren M. Laifer
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
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