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Shrestha A, Mehdizadeh Gohari I, Li J, Navarro M, Uzal FA, McClane BA. The biology and pathogenicity of Clostridium perfringens type F: a common human enteropathogen with a new(ish) name. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0014023. [PMID: 38864615 PMCID: PMC11426027 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00140-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYIn the 2018-revised Clostridium perfringens typing classification system, isolates carrying the enterotoxin (cpe) and alpha toxin genes but no other typing toxin genes are now designated as type F. Type F isolates cause food poisoning and nonfoodborne human gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, which most commonly involve type F isolates carrying, respectivefooly, a chromosomal or plasmid-borne cpe gene. Compared to spores of other C. perfringens isolates, spores of type F chromosomal cpe isolates often exhibit greater resistance to food environment stresses, likely facilitating their survival in improperly prepared or stored foods. Multiple factors contribute to this spore resistance phenotype, including the production of a variant small acid-soluble protein-4. The pathogenicity of type F isolates involves sporulation-dependent C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) production. C. perfringens sporulation is initiated by orphan histidine kinases and sporulation-associated sigma factors that drive cpe transcription. CPE-induced cytotoxicity starts when CPE binds to claudin receptors to form a small complex (which also includes nonreceptor claudins). Approximately six small complexes oligomerize on the host cell plasma membrane surface to form a prepore. CPE molecules in that prepore apparently extend β-hairpin loops to form a β-barrel pore, allowing a Ca2+ influx that activates calpain. With low-dose CPE treatment, caspase-3-dependent apoptosis develops, while high-CPE dose treatment induces necroptosis. Those effects cause histologic damage along with fluid and electrolyte losses from the colon and small intestine. Sialidases likely contribute to type F disease by enhancing CPE action and, for NanI-producing nonfoodborne human GI disease isolates, increasing intestinal growth and colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Iman Mehdizadeh Gohari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jihong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mauricio Navarro
- Instituto de Patologia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Bruce A McClane
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Zhao L, Zhao C, Miao Y, Lei S, Li Y, Gong J, Peng C. Theabrownin from Pu-erh Tea Improves DSS-Induced Colitis via Restoring Gut Homeostasis and Inhibiting TLR2&4 Signaling Pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155852. [PMID: 39029137 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theabrownin (TB) is a dark brown pigment from Pu-erh tea or other dark teas. It is formed by further oxidization of theaflavins and thearubigins, in combination with proteins, polysaccharides, and caffeine etc. TB is a characteristic ingredient and bioactive substance of Pu-erh tea. However, the effects of TB on ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. PURPOSE This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of TB on UC in terms of recovery of intestinal homeostasis and regulation of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2&4 signaling pathway. METHODS The colitis models were established by administering 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to C57BL/6 mice for 5 days to evaluate the therapeutic and preventive effects of TB on UC. Mesalazine was used as a positive control. H&E staining, complete blood count, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and 16S rRNA sequencing were employed to assess histological changes, blood cells analysis, content of cytokines, expression and distribution of mucin (MUC)2 and TLR2&4, differentiation of CD4+T cells in lamina propria, and changes in intestinal microbiota, respectively. Western blot was utilized to study the relative expression of tight junction proteins and the key proteins in TLR2&4-mediated MyD88-dependent MAPK, NF-κB, and AKT signaling pathways. RESULTS TB outstanding alleviated colitis, inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced white blood cells while increasing red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets. TB increased the expression of occludin, claudin-1 and MUC2, effectively restored intestinal barrier function. TB also suppressed differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells in the colon's lamina propria, increased the fraction of Treg cells, and promoted the balance of Treg/Th17 to tilt towards Tregs. Moreover, TB increased the Firmicutes to Bacteroides (F/B) ratio, as well as the abundance of Akkermansia, Muribaculaceae, and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group at the genus level. In addition, TB inhibited the activation of TLR2&4-mediated MAPK, NF-κB, and AKT signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells of DSS-induced mice. CONCLUSION TB acts in restoring intestinal homeostasis and anti-inflammatory in DSS-induced UC, and exhibiting a preventive effect after long-term use. In a word, TB is a promising beverage, health product and food additive for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yue Miao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Shuwen Lei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yujing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jiashun Gong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Agro-products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Chunxiu Peng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Yu F, Wang X, Ren H, Chang J, Guo J, He Z, Shi R, Hu X, Jin Y, Lu S, Li Y, Liu Z, Hu P. Lactobacillus paracasei Jlus66 relieves DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in a murine model by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, inhibiting inflammation, and improving intestinal microbiota structure. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:2185-2197. [PMID: 38733401 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a serious health problem with increasing morbidity and prevalence worldwide. The pathogenesis of UC is complex, currently believed to be influenced by genetic factors, dysregulation of the host immune system, imbalance in the intestinal microbiota, and environmental factors. Currently, UC is typically managed using aminosalicylates, immunosuppressants, and biologics as adjunctive therapies, with the risk of relapse and development of drug resistance upon discontinuation. Therefore, further research into the pathogenesis of UC and exploration of potential treatment strategies are necessary to improve the quality of life for affected patients. According to previous studies, Lactobacillus paracasei Jlus66 (Jlus66) reduced inflammation and may help prevent or treat UC. METHODS We used dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce a mouse model of UC to assess the effect of Jlus66 on the progression of colitis. During the experiment, we monitored mouse body weight, food and water consumption, as well as rectal bleeding. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to assess intestinal pathological damage. Protein imprinting and immunohistochemical methods were used to evaluate the protein levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and tight junction (TJ) proteins in intestinal tissues. Fecal microbiota was analyzed based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Jlus66 supplementation reduced the degree of colon tissue damage, such as colon shortening, fecal occult blood, colon epithelial damage, and weight loss. Supplementation with Jlus66 reduced DSS-induced upregulation of cytokine levels such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (p < 0.05). The NF-κB pathway and MAPK pathway were inhibited, and the expression of TJ proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-3) was upregulated. 16S rRNA sequencing of mouse cecal contents showed that Jlus66 effectively regulated the structure of the intestinal biota. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these data indicate that Jlus66 can alter the intestinal biota and slow the progression of UC, providing new insights into potential therapeutic strategies for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130112, China
| | - Honglin Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jian Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhaoqi He
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ruoran Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xueyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Shiying Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yansong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zengshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Pan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Kong C, Yang M, Yue N, Zhang Y, Tian C, Wei D, Shi R, Yao J, Wang L, Li D. Restore Intestinal Barrier Integrity: An Approach for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5389-5413. [PMID: 39161679 PMCID: PMC11330754 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s470520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier maintained by various types of columnar epithelial cells, plays a crucial role in regulating the interactions between the intestinal contents (such as the intestinal microbiota), the immune system, and other components. Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa is a significant pathophysiological mechanism and clinical manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, current therapies for IBD primarily focus on suppressing inflammation, and no disease-modifying treatments specifically target the epithelial barrier. Given the side effects associated with chronic immunotherapy, effective alternative therapies that promote mucosal healing are highly attractive. In this review, we examined the function of intestinal epithelial barrier function and the mechanisms of behind its disruption in IBD. We illustrated the complex process of intestinal mucosal healing and proposed therapeutic approaches to promote mucosal healing strategies in IBD. These included the application of stem cell transplantation and organ-like tissue engineering approaches to generate new intestinal tissue. Finally, we discussed potential strategies to restore the function of the intestinal barrier as a treatment for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meifeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengmei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daoru Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyue Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Defeng Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Wijesekara T, Xu B. New Insights into Sources, Bioavailability, Health-Promoting Effects, and Applications of Chitin and Chitosan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17138-17152. [PMID: 39042786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan are mostly derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, and it is a fibrous polysaccharide which resists enzymatic degradation in the stomach but undergoes microbial fermentation in the colon, producing beneficial metabolites. Chitosan, which is more soluble in the alkaline small intestine, is more susceptible to enzymatic action. Both biopolymers show limited absorption into the bloodstream, with smaller particles exhibiting better bioavailability. The health effects include anti-inflammatory properties, potential in immune system modulation, impacts on cholesterol levels, and antimicrobial effects, with a specific focus on implications for gut health. Chitin and chitosan exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by interacting with immune cells, influencing cytokine production, and modulating immune responses, which may benefit conditions characterized by chronic inflammation. These biopolymers can impact cholesterol levels by binding to dietary fats and reducing lipid absorption. Additionally, their antimicrobial properties contribute to gut health by controlling harmful pathogens and promoting beneficial gut microbiota. This review explores the extensive health benefits and applications of chitin and chitosan, providing a detailed examination of their chemical compositions, dietary sources, and applications, and critically assessing their health-promoting effects in the context of human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharuka Wijesekara
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
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Chen T, Jin N, Zhang Q, Li Z, Wang Q, Fang X. Auraptene Mitigates Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium in Mice by Regulating Specific Intestinal Flora and Repairing the Intestinal Barrier. Inflammation 2024; 47:1127-1141. [PMID: 38236384 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Auraptene (AUT) is widely known to possess both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study attempted to evaluate the protective effects of AUT in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results suggest that AUT substantially minimizes the severity and worsening of DSS-induced colitis in mice, indicated by the lengthening of the colon, lower disease activity index, reduced oxidation levels, and attenuated inflammatory factors. Molecular studies revealed that AUT reduces the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), thereby inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors. Additionally, AUT promotes the diversity of the intestinal flora in mice with colitis by increasing the number of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillaceae and lowering the number of harmful bacteria. In conclusion, AUT mitigates DSS-induced colitis by maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier and modulating the levels of the intestinal microbial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Naizhong Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Zhongming Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Qiutao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Reich O, Regauer S, Gutierrez AL, Kashofer K. Copy Number Profiling Implicates Thin High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions as a True Precursor of Cervical Human Papillomavirus-Induced Squamous Cell Cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 104:102108. [PMID: 38977078 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Full-thickness high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) are precursors of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The World Health Organization and Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology Standardization Project for human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated lesions divide full-thickness HSIL of the cervix into thin HSIL with thickness of 1 to 9 cell layers and the typical full-thickness HSIL of >10 cell layers. Although HPV oncogene transcripts and p16ink4a overexpression, as markers of transforming HPV infection, are detectable in thin HSIL, the biological significance of thin HSIL in cervical carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. To further characterize thin HSIL, we performed a comparative study of chromosomal copy number variations (CNV), an analysis of dysregulated genes present in the segments with CNV, and a generalized genetic complexity calculation for 31 thin HSIL, 31 thick HSIL, 24 microinvasive SCC (pT1a SCC), and 22 highly invasive SCC samples. Thin HSIL share various CNV and specific dysregulated gene pathways with thick HSIL and invasive SCC. Thin HSIL exhibited an average CNV of 11.6% compared with 14.1% for thick HSIL, 15.5% for pT1a SCC, and 26.6% for highly invasive SCC. The CNV included gains at 1q and 3q (40% and 43%, respectively), partial loss of 3p, and loss of chromosomes 11 (18%), 16 (50%), 20 (35%), and 22 (40%). Pathways affected solely in thin HSIL were those enhancing immune evasion and primarily involved the (interleukin) IL6, IL21, and IL23 genes. ILs are transiently upregulated in response to infection and play a crucial role in mounting antitumor T-cell activity. Deregulation reflects an attempt by the HPV to evade the initial immune response of the host. The primary pathways shared by thick HSIL and invasive SCC were interactions between lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, NOTCH2 signaling, tight junction interactions (primarily of the claudin family), and FGR2 alternative splicing. Our results show that thin HSIL carry similar genetic changes as thick HSIL and SCC, indicating that thin HSIL are true precursor lesions that can progress to thick HSIL and SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Reich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sigrid Regauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ariadna Lara Gutierrez
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Kashofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Xu C, Han D, Song X, Zhang X, Liu C, Zhang J, Shen B, Li Z, Ma R, Li Y, Xin Y, Ji W, Zhang L, Wang X, Hu C, Li X. The possibly role of GnIH in stress and gut dysfunction in chicken. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103757. [PMID: 38697006 PMCID: PMC11070904 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress is known to disrupt the intestinal barrier and induce intestinal dysfunction. A critical role for gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in stress has emerged. However, whether GnIH mediates stress-induced intestinal dysfunction remains unknown. The present study explored this question through in vivo and in vitro experiments in hens. Our in vivo experiments showed that continuous intraperitoneal injection of GnIH not only significantly increased the concentration of stress hormones in serum, but also significantly elevated the mRNA expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the duodenum and jejunum. Moreover, morphological and molecular analyses revealed that GnIH disrupted the physical and chemical barriers of the intestine and dramatically increased inflammatory factor levels in the intestine and serum of hens. Interestingly, the microbiomics results showed that GnIH altered the structure and composition of the gut flora in the cecum, revealing an increased abundance of harmful intestinal bacteria such as Desulfovibrionaceae. Similar results were found in in vitro studies in which the GnIH-induced intestinal mucosal barrier was disrupted, and inflammation increased in jejunal explants, although no significant difference was found in the expression of GR between the control and GnIH groups. Our results demonstrated that GnIH not only directly damaged intestinal barriers and elevated intestinal inflammation but also mediated stress and microflora imbalance-induced intestinal function disorder, suggesting that GnIH is a potential therapeutic target for gut dysfunction, stress-induced intestinal function disorder, and inflammatory bowel disease in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Dongyang Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Xingxing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Jiani Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Bingqian Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Zixin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Runwen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Yinan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Wantong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Lingyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Xiaoye Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Chuanhuo Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, RP 530004, China.
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Marino M, Rendine M, Venturi S, Porrini M, Gardana C, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P, Del Bo' C. Red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus) preserves intestinal barrier integrity and reduces oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells exposed to a proinflammatory stimulus. Food Funct 2024; 15:6943-6954. [PMID: 38855989 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01050g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence showed the capacity of (poly)phenols to exert a protective role on intestinal health. Nevertheless, the existing findings are still heterogeneous and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the potential benefits of a red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) powder on the integrity of the intestinal barrier, focusing on its ability to mitigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced intestinal permeability. Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (i.e., Caco-2 cells) were used as a model to assess the impact of red raspberry on intestinal permeability, tight junction expression, and oxidative stress. The Caco-2 cells were differentiated into polarized monolayers and treated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (10 ng mL-1) for 24 hours, followed by exposure to TNF-α (10 ng mL-1) in the presence or absence of red raspberry extract (1-5 mg mL-1). The integrity of the intestinal monolayer was evaluated using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-D) efflux assay. Markers of intestinal permeability (claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)) and oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and protein carbonyl) were assessed using ELISA kits. Treatment with red raspberry resulted in a significant counteraction of TEER value loss (41%; p < 0.01) and a notable reduction in the efflux of FITC-D (-2.5 times; p < 0.01). Additionally, red raspberry attenuated the levels of 8-OHdG (-48.8%; p < 0.01), mitigating the detrimental effects induced by TNF-α. Moreover, red raspberry positively influenced the expression of the integral membrane protein claudin-1 (+18%; p < 0.01), an essential component of tight junctions. These findings contribute to the growing understanding of the beneficial effects of red raspberry in the context of the intestinal barrier. The effect of red raspberry against TNF-α-induced intestinal permeability observed in our in vitro model suggests, for the first time, its potential as a dietary strategy to promote gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Marino
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Rendine
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Samuele Venturi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Claudio Gardana
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Patrizia Riso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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10
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Zapata-Acevedo JF, Mantilla-Galindo A, Vargas-Sánchez K, González-Reyes RE. Blood-brain barrier biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:1-88. [PMID: 38797540 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the brain parenchyma and the peripheral blood. The BBB is mainly composed of endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes. The integrity of this structure is essential for maintaining brain and spinal cord homeostasis and protection from injury or disease. However, in various neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, the BBB can become compromised thus allowing passage of molecules and cells in and out of the central nervous system parenchyma. These agents, however, can serve as biomarkers of BBB permeability and neuronal damage, and provide valuable information for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Herein, we provide an overview of the BBB and changes due to aging, and summarize current knowledge on biomarkers of BBB disruption and neurodegeneration, including permeability, cellular, molecular and imaging biomarkers. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities for developing a biomarker toolkit that can reliably assess the BBB in physiologic and pathophysiologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Zapata-Acevedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Mantilla-Galindo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karina Vargas-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Grupo de Neurociencia Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo E González-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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11
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Su Y, Long Y, Xie K. Cingulin family: Structure, function and clinical significance. Life Sci 2024; 341:122504. [PMID: 38354973 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cingulin and its paralog paracingulin are vital components of the apical junctional complex in vertebrate epithelial and endothelial cells. They are both found in tight junctions (TJ), and paracingulin is also detectable in adherens junctions (AJ) as TJ cytoplasmic plaque proteins. Cingulin and paracingulin interact with other proteins to perform functions. They interact with cytoskeletal proteins, modulate the activity of small GTPases, such as RhoA and Rac1, and regulate gene expression. In addition, cingulin and paracingulin regulate barrier function and many pathological processes, including inflammation and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the discovery and structure, expression and subcellular distribution, and molecular interactions of cingulin family proteins and discuss their role in development, physiology, and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Su
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - You Long
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital and Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangdong 510006, China; The South China University of Technology Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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12
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Marković V, Szczepańska A, Berlicki Ł. Antiviral Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3205-3231. [PMID: 38394369 PMCID: PMC10945500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Continually repeating outbreaks of pathogenic viruses necessitate the construction of effective antiviral strategies. Therefore, the development of new specific antiviral drugs in a well-established and efficient manner is crucial. Taking into account the strong ability of viruses to change, therapies with diversified molecular targets must be sought. In addition to the widely explored viral enzyme inhibitor approach, inhibition of protein-protein interactions is a very valuable strategy. In this Perspective, protein-protein interaction inhibitors targeting HIV, SARS-CoV-2, HCV, Ebola, Dengue, and Chikungunya viruses are reviewed and discussed. Antibodies, peptides/peptidomimetics, and small molecules constitute three classes of compounds that have been explored, and each of them has some advantages and disadvantages for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Marković
- Wrocław
University of Science and Technology, Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- University
of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science,
Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Anna Szczepańska
- Wrocław
University of Science and Technology, Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Wrocław
University of Science and Technology, Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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13
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Zhang Q, Yan L, Lu Y, Liu X, Yin Y, Wang Q, Gu X, Zhou X. HDAC6-selective inhibitor CAY10603 ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced small airway remodeling by regulating epithelial barrier dysfunction and reversing. Respir Res 2024; 25:66. [PMID: 38317159 PMCID: PMC10840206 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small airway remodelling is a vital characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is mainly caused by epithelial barrier dysfunction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent studies have indicated that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) plays an important role in the dysregulation of epithelial function. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of an inhibitor with high selectivity for HDAC6 in COPD. METHODS Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure was used to establish a CS-induced COPD mouse model. CAY10603 at doses of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally on alternate days. The protective effects of CAY10603 against CS-induced emphysema, epithelial barrier function and small airway remodeling were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemical staining, and western blot. The human lung bronchial epithelial cell line (HBE) was used to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of action of CAY10603. RESULTS HDAC6 levels in the lung homogenates of CS-exposed mice were higher than that those in control mice. Compared to the CS group, the mean linear intercept (MLI) of the CAY10603 treatment group decreased and the mean alveolar number (MAN)increased. Collagen deposition was reduced in groups treated with CAY10603. The expression of α-SMA was markedly upregulated in the CS group, which was reversed by CAY10603 treatment. Conversely, E-cadherin expression in the CS group was further downregulated, which was reversed by CAY10603 treatment. CAY10603 affects the tight junction protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin. ZO-1 and occludin expression were markedly downregulated in the CS group. After CAY10603treatment, the protein expression level of ZO-1 and occludin increased significantly. In HBE cells, Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increased HDAC6 levels. CAY10603 significantly attenuated the release of TGF-β1 induced by CSE. CAY10603 significantly increased the E-cadherin levels in TGF-β1 treated HBE cells, while concurrently attenuated α-SMA expression. This effect was achieved through the suppression of Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation. CAY10603 also inhibited TGF-β1 induced cell migration. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that CAY10603 inhibited CS induced small airway remodelling by regulating epithelial barrier dysfunction and reversing EMT via the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Shenyang, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiu Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Respiratory Department, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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14
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Karetnikova ES, Jarzebska N, Rodionov RN, Spieth PM, Markov AG. Transcriptional Levels of Intercellular Junction Proteins in an Alveolar Epithelial Cell Line Exposed to Irradiation or Bleomycin. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:442-446. [PMID: 38488962 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We performed a comparative study of the effects of X-ray irradiation and bleomycin on the mRNA levels of E-cadherin and tight junction proteins (claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-18, ZO-2, and occludin) in an alveolar epithelial cell line L2. Irradiation decreased claudin-4 levels and increased occludin levels, while the levels of other mRNAs remained unchanged. Bleomycin increased the expression levels of all proteins examined except claudin-3. Irradiation and bleomycin have different effects on the expression level of intercellular junction proteins, indicating different reactions triggered in alveolar epithelial cells and a great prospects of further comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Karetnikova
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N Jarzebska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - R N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - P M Spieth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A G Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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15
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Cornelius V, Droessler L, Amasheh S. Quercetin Improves Barrier Properties in Porcine Small Intestine but Not in Peyer's Patches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1530. [PMID: 38338808 PMCID: PMC10855467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Peyer's patches (PPs) are part of the gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT) and represent the first line of the intestinal immunological defense. They consist of follicles with lymphocytes and an overlying subepithelial dome with dendritic cells and macrophages, and they are covered by the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). A sealed paracellular pathway in the FAE is crucial for the controlled uptake of luminal antigens. Quercetin is the most abundant plant flavonoid and has a barrier-strengthening effect on tight junctions (TJs), a protein complex that regulates the paracellular pathway. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effect of quercetin on porcine PPs and the surrounding villus epithelium (VE). We incubated both tissue types for 4 h in Ussing chambers, recorded the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and measured the unidirectional tracer flux of [3H]-mannitol. Subsequently, we analyzed the expression, protein amount, and localization of three TJ proteins, claudin 1, claudin 2, and claudin 4. In the PPs, we could not detect an effect of quercetin after 4 h, neither on TEER nor on the [3H]-mannitol flux. In the VE, quercetin led to a higher TEER value, while the [3H]-mannitol flux was unchanged. The pore-forming claudin 2 was decreased while the barrier-forming claudin 4 was increased and the expression was upregulated. Claudin 1 was unchanged and all claudins could be located in the paracellular membrane by immunofluorescence microscopy. Our study shows the barrier-strengthening effect of quercetin in porcine VE by claudin 4 upregulation and a claudin 2 decrease. Moreover, it underlines the different barrier properties of PPs compared to the VE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salah Amasheh
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Markovich Z, Abreu A, Sheng Y, Han SM, Xiao R. Deciphering internal and external factors influencing intestinal junctional complexes. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2389320. [PMID: 39150987 PMCID: PMC11332634 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2389320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier, an indispensable guardian of gastrointestinal health, mediates the intricate exchange between internal and external environments. Anchored by evolutionarily conserved junctional complexes, this barrier meticulously regulates paracellular permeability in essentially all living organisms. Disruptions in intestinal junctional complexes, prevalent in inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome, compromise barrier integrity and often lead to the notorious "leaky gut" syndrome. Critical to the maintenance of the intestinal barrier is a finely orchestrated network of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that modulate the expression, composition, and functionality of junctional complexes. This review navigates through the composition of key junctional complex components and the common methods used to assess intestinal permeability. It also explores the critical intracellular signaling pathways that modulate these junctional components. Lastly, we delve into the complex dynamics between the junctional complexes, microbial communities, and environmental chemicals in shaping the intestinal barrier function. Comprehending this intricate interplay holds paramount importance in unraveling the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, it lays the foundation for the development of precise therapeutic interventions targeting barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Markovich
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adriana Abreu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yi Sheng
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sung Min Han
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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17
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Kamakura S, Hayase J, Kohda A, Iwakiri Y, Chishiki K, Izaki T, Sumimoto H. TMEM25 is a Par3-binding protein that attenuates claudin assembly during tight junction development. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:144-167. [PMID: 38177906 PMCID: PMC10897455 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The tight junction (TJ) in epithelial cells is formed by integral membrane proteins and cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins. The former contains the claudin family proteins with four transmembrane segments, while the latter includes Par3, a PDZ domain-containing adaptor that organizes TJ formation. Here we show the single membrane-spanning protein TMEM25 localizes to TJs in epithelial cells and binds to Par3 via a PDZ-mediated interaction with its C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. TJ development during epithelial cell polarization is accelerated by depletion of TMEM25, and delayed by overexpression of TMEM25 but not by that of a C-terminally deleted protein, indicating a regulatory role of TMEM25. TMEM25 associates via its N-terminal extracellular domain with claudin-1 and claudin-2 to suppress their cis- and trans-oligomerizations, both of which participate in TJ strand formation. Furthermore, Par3 attenuates TMEM25-claudin association via binding to TMEM25, implying its ability to affect claudin oligomerization. Thus, the TJ protein TMEM25 appears to negatively regulate claudin assembly in TJ formation, which regulation is modulated by its interaction with Par3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kamakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junya Hayase
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Kohda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Iwakiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Chishiki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Izaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
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18
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Cheng J, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Guo Q, Wang Z, Wang R. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Intestinal Barrier Damage and Drug Therapy in a High Altitude Environment. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:807-816. [PMID: 36892115 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230309090241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The plateau is a typical extreme environment with low temperature, low oxygen and high ultraviolet rays. The integrity of the intestinal barrier is the basis for the functioning of the intestine, which plays an important role in absorbing nutrients, maintaining the balance of intestinal flora, and blocking the invasion of toxins. Currently, there is increasing evidence that high altitude environment can enhance intestinal permeability and disrupt intestinal barrier integrity. This article mainly focuses on the regulation of the expression of HIF and tight junction proteins in the high altitude environment, which promotes the release of pro-inflammatory factors, especially the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by the high altitude environment. The mechanism of intestinal barrier damage and the drugs to protect the intestinal barrier are reviewed. Studying the mechanism of intestinal barrier damage in high altitude environment is not only conducive to understanding the mechanism of high altitude environment affecting intestinal barrier function, but also provides a more scientific medicine treatment method for intestinal damage caused by the special high altitude environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Cheng
- PLA Key Laboratory of Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuemei Sun
- PLA Key Laboratory of Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yilan Zhao
- PLA Key Laboratory of Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qianwen Guo
- PLA Key Laboratory of Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - ZiHan Wang
- PLA Key Laboratory of Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Rong Wang
- PLA Key Laboratory of Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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19
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Nakai D, Miyake M. Intestinal Membrane Function in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:29. [PMID: 38258040 PMCID: PMC10820082 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a set of chronic inflammatory diseases that mainly develop in the gastrointestinal mucosa, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Gastrointestinal membrane permeability is an important factor influencing the pharmacological effects of pharmaceuticals administered orally for treating inflammatory bowel disease and other diseases. Understanding the presence or absence of changes in pharmacokinetic properties under a disease state facilitates effective pharmacotherapy. In this paper, we reviewed the gastrointestinal membrane function in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease from the perspective of in vitro membrane permeability and electrophysiological parameters. Information on in vivo permeability in humans is summarized. We also overviewed the inflammatory bowel disease research using gut-on-a-chip, in which some advances have recently been achieved. It is expected that these findings will be exploited for the development of therapeutic drugs for inflammatory bowel disease and the optimization of treatment options and regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nakai
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Masateru Miyake
- Pharmapack Co., Ltd., 1-27 Nakaokubo, Toyama 939-2243, Japan;
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20
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Arabi TZ, Fawzy NA, Sabbah BN, Ouban A. Claudins in genitourinary tract neoplasms: mechanisms, prognosis, and therapeutic prospects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1308082. [PMID: 38188015 PMCID: PMC10771851 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1308082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary (GU) cancers are among the most prevalent neoplasms in the world, with bladder cancers constituting 3% of global cancer diagnoses. However, several pathogenetic mechanisms remain controversial and unclear. Claudins, for example, have been shown to play a significant role in several cancers of the human body. Their role in GU cancers has not been extensively studied. Aberrant expression of claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, -7, and -11 has been expressed in urothelial cell carcinomas. In prostate cancers, altered levels of claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, and -5 have been reported. Furthermore, the levels of claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -8, and -10 have been studied in renal cell carcinomas. Specifically, claudins -7 and -8 have proven especially useful in differentiating between chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas. Several of these claudins also correlate with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis in GU cancers. Although mechanisms underpinning aberrant expression of claudins in GU cancers are unclear, epigenetic changes, tumor necrosis factor-ɑ, and the p63 protein have been implicated. Claudins also provide therapeutic value through tailored immunotherapy via molecular subtyping and providing therapeutic targets, which have shown positive outcomes in preclinical studies. In this review, we aim to summarize the literature describing aberrant expression of claudins in urothelial, prostatic, and renal cell carcinomas. Then, we describe the mechanisms underlying these changes and the therapeutic value of claudins. Understanding the scope of claudins in GU cancers paves the way for several diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abderrahman Ouban
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Yan M, Man S, Sun B, Ma L, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Gut liver brain axis in diseases: the implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:443. [PMID: 38057297 PMCID: PMC10700720 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In the past few decades, breakthrough progress has been made in the gut liver brain axis, mainly through understanding its formation mechanism and increasing treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss various complex networks including barrier permeability, gut hormones, gut microbial metabolites, vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, immunity, brain toxic metabolites, β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, and epigenetic regulation in the gut-liver-brain axis. Some therapies containing antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), polyphenols, low FODMAP diet and nanotechnology application regulate the gut liver brain axis. Besides, some special treatments targeting gut-liver axis include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) agonists, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonists and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogs. Targeting gut-brain axis embraces cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants and tryptophan metabolism-related therapies. Targeting liver-brain axis contains epigenetic regulation and Aβ metabolism-related therapies. In the future, a better understanding of gut-liver-brain axis interactions will promote the development of novel preventative strategies and the discovery of precise therapeutic targets in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China.
| | - Benyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, China.
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22
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Gao S, Zheng H, Xu S, Kong J, Gao F, Wang Z, Li Y, Dai Z, Jiang X, Ding X, Lei H. Novel Natural Carrier-Free Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis by Balancing Immune Microenvironment and Intestinal Barrier. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301826. [PMID: 37681364 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory illness affecting the colon and rectum, with current treatment methods being unable to meet the clinical needs of ulcerative colitis patients. Although nanomedicines are recognized as promising anti-inflammatory medicines, their clinical application is limited by their high cost and unpredictable safety risks. This study reveals that two natural phytochemicals, berberine (BBR) and hesperetin (HST), self-assemble directly to form binary carrier-free multi-functional spherical nanoparticles (BBR-HST NPs) through noncovalent bonds involving electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding. Because of their synergistic anti-inflammatory activity, berberine-hesperetin nanoparticles (BBR-HST NPs) exhibit significantly better therapeutic effects on UC and inhibitory effects on inflammation than BBR and HST at the same dose by regulating the immune microenvironment and repairing the damaged intestinal barrier. Furthermore, BBR-HST NPs exhibit good biocompatibility and biosafety. Thus, this study proves the potential of novel natural anti-inflammatory nanoparticles as therapeutic agents for UC, which could promote the progress of drug development for UC and eventually benefit patients who suffering from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Haocheng Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shujing Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jingwei Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ziqi Dai
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xinqi Jiang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xia Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
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23
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Zhao Y, He R, Zang J, Yin W, Su R, Xiong W, Xu W, Zhang J, Liu Y, Ren T, Huang Y, Li Y. Pathologically catalyzed physical coating restores the intestinal barrier for inflammatory bowel disease therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:444. [PMID: 37996883 PMCID: PMC10668504 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelia impairment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to the leakage of bacteria and antigens and the consequent persistent immune imbalance. Restoring the epithelial barrier is a promising therapeutic target but lacks effective and safe clinical interventions. By identifying the catalase (CAT) presence in the IBD pathological environment, we herein develop a CAT-catalyzed pathologically coating on the damaged epithelial barrier to inhibit intestinal leakage for IBD therapy. With the codelivery of CaO2 (a CAT substrate) and dopamine, the nanosystem can enable CAT-catalyzed oxygen (O2) production and in-situ polymerization of dopamine and then yield a thin and integrative polydopamine (PDA) coating on the intestinal barrier due to the highly adhesive property of PDA. In vivo study demonstrates that PDA coating provides not only a protective barrier by restricting intestinal leakage but also a favorable anti-inflammation effect. Beyond drug management, this work provides a physical repair strategy via catalyzed coating for IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Zhao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ruiqing He
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jie Zang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weimin Yin
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Runping Su
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tianbin Ren
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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24
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Hader H, Hering NA, Schulzke JD, Bücker R, Rosenthal R. Myrrh protects against IL-13-induced epithelial barrier breakdown in HT-29/B6 cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1301800. [PMID: 38044939 PMCID: PMC10691275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1301800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oleoresin myrrh has been used for centuries as an anti-inflammatory remedy for a variety of diseases and is said to have a protective effect on the intestinal epithelium. An intact epithelial barrier function is the prerequisite for a healthy gut. Inflammatory and infectious diseases of the intestine, in particular, lead to barrier impairment resulting in leak-flux diarrhea and mucosal immune responses. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of myrrh in an experimental inflammatory situation, namely, under the influence of IL-13, one of the key cytokines in ulcerative colitis. We used human intestinal epithelial HT-29/B6 cell monolayers for functional and molecular assessment of the epithelial barrier under IL-13 and myrrh treatment. IL-13 induced a loss in barrier function that was fully restored with myrrh treatment, as shown by transepithelial electrical resistance measurements. The molecular correlate of the IL-13-mediated barrier dysfunction could be assigned to an upregulation of the channel-forming tight junction (TJ) protein claudin-2 and to a subcellular redistribution of the TJ protein tricellulin, loosening the sealing of tricellular TJs. Moreover, IL-13 exposure leads to an increase in the number of apoptotic cells, contributing to the leak pathway of barrier dysfunction. Myrrh protected against changes in TJ deregulation and decreased the elevated apoptotic ratio under IL-13. The protective effects are mediated through the inhibition of the STAT3 and STAT6 pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that myrrh exhibits antagonizing effects against IL-13-induced barrier impairment in a human intestinal cell model. These data suggest the use of myrrh as a promising option in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Hader
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina A. Hering
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Bücker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Rosenthal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Levai E, Marinovic I, Bartosova M, Zhang C, Schaefer B, Jenei H, Du Z, Drozdz D, Klaus G, Arbeiter K, Romero P, Schwenger V, Schwab C, Szabo AJ, Zarogiannis SG, Schmitt CP. Human peritoneal tight junction, transporter and channel expression in health and kidney failure, and associated solute transport. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17429. [PMID: 37833387 PMCID: PMC10575882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Next to the skin, the peritoneum is the largest human organ, essentially involved in abdominal health and disease states, but information on peritoneal paracellular tight junctions and transcellular channels and transporters relative to peritoneal transmembrane transport is scant. We studied their peritoneal localization and quantity by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy in health, in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and on peritoneal dialysis (PD), with the latter allowing for functional characterizations, in a total of 93 individuals (0-75 years). Claudin-1 to -5, and -15, zonula occludens-1, occludin and tricellulin, SGLT1, PiT1/SLC20A1 and ENaC were consistently detected in mesothelial and arteriolar endothelial cells, with age dependent differences for mesothelial claudin-1 and arteriolar claudin-2/3. In CKD mesothelial claudin-1 and arteriolar claudin-2 and -3 were more abundant. Peritonea from PD patients exhibited increased mesothelial and arteriolar claudin-1 and mesothelial claudin-2 abundance and reduced mesothelial and arteriolar claudin-3 and arteriolar ENaC. Transperitoneal creatinine and glucose transport correlated with pore forming arteriolar claudin-2 and mesothelial claudin-4/-15, and creatinine transport with mesothelial sodium/phosphate cotransporter PiT1/SLC20A1. In multivariable analysis, claudin-2 independently predicted the peritoneal transport rates. In conclusion, tight junction, transcellular transporter and channel proteins are consistently expressed in peritoneal mesothelial and endothelial cells with minor variations across age groups, specific modifications by CKD and PD and distinct associations with transperitoneal creatinine and glucose transport rates. The latter deserve experimental studies to demonstrate mechanistic links.Clinical Trial registration: The study was performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki and is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01893710).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Levai
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUNREN SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Iva Marinovic
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Conghui Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Betti Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Jenei
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhiwei Du
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorota Drozdz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Klaus Arbeiter
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Romero
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vedat Schwenger
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Attila J Szabo
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUNREN SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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26
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Pan C, Xu A, Ma X, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Chen C. Research progress of Claudin-low breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1226118. [PMID: 37904877 PMCID: PMC10613467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1226118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-low breast cancer (CLBC) is a subgroup of breast cancer discovered at the molecular level in 2007. Claudin is one of the primary proteins that make up tight junctions, and it plays crucial roles in anti-inflammatory and antitumor responses as well as the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance. Decreased expression of claudin results in the disruption of tight junction structures and the activation of downstream signaling pathways, which can lead to tumor formation. The origin of Claudin-low breast cancer is still in dispute. Claudin-low breast cancer is characterized by low expression of Claudin3, 4, 7, E-cadherin, and HER2 and high expression of Vimentin, Snai 1/2, Twist 1/2, Zeb 1/2, and ALDH1, as well as stem cell characteristics. The clinical onset of claudin-low breast cancer is at menopause age, and its histological grade is higher. This subtype of breast cancer is more likely to spread to lymph nodes than other subtypes. Claudin-low breast cancer is frequently accompanied by increased invasiveness and a poor prognosis. According to a clinical retrospective analysis, claudin-low breast cancer can achieve low pathological complete remission. At present, although several therapeutic targets of claudin-low breast cancer have been identified, the effective treatment remains in basic research stages, and no animal studies or clinical trials have been designed. The origin, molecular biological characteristics, pathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of CLBC are extensively discussed in this article. This will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of CLBC and serve as the foundation for the individualization of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Pan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Anqi Xu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanfei Yao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Youmei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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27
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Naser AN, Lu Q, Chen YH. Trans-Compartmental Regulation of Tight Junction Barrier Function. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2133880. [PMID: 36220768 PMCID: PMC10606786 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2133880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are the most apical components of junctional complexes in epithelial and endothelial cells. Barrier function is one of the major functions of TJ, which restricts the ions and small water-soluble molecules from passing through the paracellular pathway. Adherens junctions (AJs) play an important role in cell-cell adhesion and cell signaling. Gap junctions (GJs) are intercellular channels regulating electrical and metabolic signals between cells. It is well known that TJ integral membrane proteins, such as claudins and occludins, are the molecular building blocks responsible for TJ barrier function. However, recent studies demonstrate that proteins of other junctional complexes can influence and regulate TJ barrier function. Therefore, the crosstalk between different cell junctions represents a common means to modulate cellular activities. In this review, we will discuss the interactions among TJ, AJ, and GJ by focusing on how AJ and GJ proteins regulate TJ barrier function in different biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna N. Naser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Goldberg Y, Segal S, Hamdi L, Nabat H, Fainstein N, Mediouni E, Asis Y, Theotokis P, Salamotas I, Grigoriadis N, Katz A, Ben-Hur T, Einstein O. High-intensity interval training attenuates development of autoimmune encephalomyelitis solely by systemic immunomodulation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16513. [PMID: 37783693 PMCID: PMC10545672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the central nervous system (CNS) in autoimmune neuroinflammation is not known. The aim of this study was to determine the direct effects of HIIT on the CNS and development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Healthy mice were subjected to HIIT by treadmill running and the proteolipid protein (PLP) transfer EAE model was utilized. To examine neuroprotection, PLP-reactive lymph-node cells (LNCs) were transferred to HIIT and sedentary (SED) mice. To examine immunomodulation, PLP-reactive LNCs from HIIT and SED donor mice were transferred to naïve recipients and analyzed in vitro. HIIT in recipient mice did not affect the development of EAE following exposure to PLP-reactive LNCs. HIIT mice exhibited enhanced migration of systemic autoimmune cells into the CNS and increased demyelination. In contrast, EAE severity in recipient mice injected with PLP-reactive LNCs from HIIT donor mice was significantly diminished. The latter positive effect was associated with decreased migration of autoimmune cells into the CNS and inhibition of very late antigen (VLA)-4 expression in LNCs. Thus, the beneficial effect of HIIT on EAE development is attributed solely to systemic immunomodulatory effects, likely because of systemic inhibition of autoreactive cell migration and reduced VLA-4 integrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Goldberg
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Shir Segal
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Liel Hamdi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Hanan Nabat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efrat Mediouni
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Yarden Asis
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- B' Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Salamotas
- B' Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- B' Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Abram Katz
- Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofira Einstein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel.
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Song T, Tian YQ, Liu CB, Gao YQ, Wang YL, Zhang J, Su Y, Xu LN, Han ML, Salt DE, Chao DY. A new family of proteins is required for tethering of Casparian strip membrane domain and nutrient homoeostasis in rice. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1749-1759. [PMID: 37653341 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions are essential for multicellular organisms to maintain nutrient homoeostasis. A plant-type tight junction, the Casparian strip (CS)-Casparian strip membrane domain (CSD) that seals the paracellular space between adjacent endodermal cells, has been known for more than one hundred years. However, the molecular basis of this structure remains unknown. Here we report that a new family of proteins containing a glycine/alanine/proline-rich domain, a lectin domain and a secretory signal peptide (GAPLESS) mediates tethering of the plasma membrane to the CS in rice. The GAPLESS proteins are specifically localized in the CS of root endodermal cells, and loss of their functions results in a disabled cell-cell junction and disrupted nutrient homoeostasis. The GAPLESS protein forms a tight complex with OsCASP1 in the plasma membrane, thereby mediating the CS-CSD junction. This study provides valuable insights into the junctional complex of plant endodermal cells, shedding light on our understanding of nutrient homoeostasis in crops and the cell junctions of eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Qi Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chu-Bin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Qun Gao
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ya-Ling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Su
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Xu J, Tian H, Ji Y, Dong L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Gao X, Shi H, Li H, Yang L. Urolithin C reveals anti-NAFLD potential via AMPK-ferroptosis axis and modulating gut microbiota. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2687-2699. [PMID: 37126194 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacology of urolithin C (UroC) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is largely undetermined. We sought to investigate the potential for NAFLD improvement by administration of UroC and the underlying mechanisms. We verified the therapeutic effect of UroC on choline-deficient amino acid-defined high fat diet (CDAHFD) induced NAFLD mice via evaluating NAFLD activity score (NAS), AST, ALT, hepatic phosphorylated AMPK, and 4-hydroxynonenal. Oleic acid-induced AML12 cell was appraised by oil red staining and western blotting to explore the effect and mechanism of UroC in vitro. Transcriptional regulation of UroC was explored by liver RNA sequencing, gut microbiota composition was explored by 16SrRNA sequencing, and colorectal tight junctional proteins were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The detrimental effects of CDAHFD included the increased liver index, AST, ALT, hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal, impaired intestinal mucosal barrier, and most importantly, pathological damage in liver. Oral administration of UroC largely protected against these harmful alterations. Remarkably, both RNA sequencing and western blotting results indicated an activation in hepatic AMPK signaling pathway which was thought to inhibit ferroptosis response to UroC in vivo, while no change were found in AMPK-ferroptosis axis response to UroC in oleic acid-induced AML12 cells, hinted an indispensable linkage between UroC and hepatic AMPK, presumably the gut-liver axis. Furthermore, UroC could neither alleviate lipid deposition nor inhibit ferroptosis in vitro. The 16SrRNA showed UroC partially counteracted the dysbiosis induced by CDAHFD. Specifically, UroC reversed the elevated proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and enhanced the level of Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Lactobacillus vaginalis, which played a beneficial role in metabolic disorders. Oral administration of Urolithin C protected against the detrimental impact of CDAHFD via regulating AMPK-ferroptosis axis, maintaining intestinal mucosal barrier and counteracting gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Hongyang Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China
- Minhang District Shenxin Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, 201108, China
| | - Yajun Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China
- Huamu Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yandong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yatao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xuefen Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Longbao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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Romero-Estrada JH, Montaño LF, Rendón-Huerta EP. Binding of YY1/CREB to an Enhancer Region Triggers Claudin 6 Expression in H. pylori LPS-Stimulated AGS Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13974. [PMID: 37762277 PMCID: PMC10531490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the tight junction protein claudin 6 (CLDN6) is a hallmark of gastric cancer progression. Its expression is regulated by the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). In gastric cancer induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) there is no information regarding what transcription factors induce/upregulate the expression of CLDN6. We aimed to identify whether CREB and Yin Yang1 (YY1) regulate the expression of CLDN6 and the site where they bind to the promoter sequence. Bioinformatics analysis, H. pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS), YY1 and CREB silencing, Western blot, luciferase assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments were performed using the stomach gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS. A gen reporter assay suggested that the initial 2000 bp contains the regulatory sequence associated with CLDN6 transcription; the luciferase assay demonstrated three different regions with transcriptional activity, but the -901 to -1421 bp region displayed the maximal transcriptional activity in response to LPS. Fragment 1279-1421 showed CREB and, surprisingly, YY1 occupancy. Sequential Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments confirmed that YY1 and CREB interact in the 1279-1421 region. Our results suggest that CLDN6 expression is regulated by the binding of YY1 and CREB in the 901-1421 enhancer, in which a non-described interaction of YY1 with CREB was established in the 1279-1421 region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis F. Montaño
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Erika P. Rendón-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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Zheng X, Ren B, Gao Y. Tight junction proteins related to blood-brain barrier and their regulatory signaling pathways in ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115272. [PMID: 37544283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are crucial for intercellular connections. The abnormal expression of proteins related to TJs can result in TJ destruction, structural damage, and endothelial and epithelial cell dysfunction. These factors are associated with the occurrence and progression of several diseases. Studies have shown that blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and dysfunction are the prominent pathological features of stroke. TJs are directly associated with the BBB integrity. In this article, we first discuss the structure and function of BBB TJ-related proteins before focusing on the crucial events that cause TJ dysfunction and BBB damage, as well as the regulatory mechanisms that affect the qualitative and quantitative expression of TJ proteins during ischemic stroke. Multiple regulatory mechanisms, including phosphorylation, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and microRNAs, regulate TJ-related proteins and affect BBB permeability. Some signaling pathways and mechanisms have been demonstrated to have dual functions. Hopefully, our understanding of the regulation of BBB TJs in ischemic stroke will be applied to the development of targeted medications and therapeutic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Beida Ren
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Gao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Han H, He N, Pan E, Tan X, Yang Z, Li X, Shi D, Dong J. Disruption of the intestinal barrier by avermectin in carp involves oxidative stress and apoptosis and leads to intestinal inflammation. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105531. [PMID: 37666586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Avermectin (AVM) is a widely used insecticide. Due to its sensitive toxicity to aquatic organisms, the toxicology of AVM on fish intestines remains unclear. Here, we established a 96 h AVM acute toxicity model to explore the effects of AVM on the intestinal tract of carp. The 96 h LC50 of carps exposed to AVM was 24.04 μg/L, 12.02 μg/L was selected as the high-dose group and 3.005 μg/L was selected as the low-dose group. After 96 h of exposure, intestinal tissues were collected and subsequently analyzed for histopathology, the activities of antioxidant oxidases (CAT, SOD, GSH-Px), and the expression of mRNA associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Our study showed that AVM exposure caused intestinal damage in carp, decreased the expression of the tight junction protein gene, activated oxidative stress, induced apoptosis, and induced intestinal inflammation in carp. Therefore, we demonstrated that AVM exposure compromised the integrity of the intestinal barrier in carp, activated oxidative stress, induced endogenous apoptosis, and induced intestinal inflammatory responses. These results indicate that AVM, as a drug-sensitive to aquatic organisms, has a much more complex toxic effect on the fish intestinal tract, which provides a new perspective for studying the toxicology of AVM on the fish intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Nana He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Enzhuang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xuelian Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zuwang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Dahua Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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Nyimanu D, Behm C, Choudhury S, Yu ASL. The role of claudin-2 in kidney function and dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1437-1445. [PMID: 37387353 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-2 is a tight junction protein expressed in leaky epithelia where it forms paracellular pores permeable to cations and water. The paracellular pore formed by claudin-2 is important in energy-efficient cation and water transport in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. Mounting evidence now suggests that claudin-2 may modulate cellular processes often altered in disease, including cellular proliferation. Also, dysregulation of claudin-2 expression has been linked to various diseases, including kidney stone disease and renal cell carcinoma. However, the mechanisms linking altered claudin-2 expression and function to disease are poorly understood and require further investigation. The aim of this review is to discuss the current understanding of the role of claudin-2 in kidney function and dysfunction. We provide a general overview of the claudins and their organization in the tight junction, the expression, and function of claudin-2 in the kidney, and the evolving evidence for its role in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duuamene Nyimanu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Christine Behm
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Sonali Choudhury
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Alan S L Yu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
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Yang R, Wang Y, Mehmood S, Zhao M, Yang X, Li Y, Wang W, Chen J, Jia Q. Polysaccharides from Armillariella tabescens mycelia mitigate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via modulating intestinal microbiota in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125538. [PMID: 37355058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Armillariella tabescens mycelia (AT) have a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Nevertheless, the impact of AT on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) has not yet been illustrated. This study aimed to explore AT's impact on experimental UC mice and investigate its underlying mechanisms. Mice were given DSS, 0.2 g/kg AT or 0.4 g/kg AT for seven days, and the symptoms of UC were observed. The serum and colon samples were harvested to analyze the biochemical indices and inflammasome-related proteins. The feces were collected to analyze short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and gut microbiota. The present study found that AT improved the symptoms of UC, colonic oxidative stress, and inflammation. AT treatment elevated SCFAs contents and colonic barrier function. Furthermore, AT improved microbial community structure through the selective enrichment of beneficial bacterial species. In conclusion, these results underlined that AT improved DSS-induced colitis and inhibited colonic inflammation via regulating the intestinal microbial community and enhancing the colonic mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Shomaila Mehmood
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xingxing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jinwu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Qiang Jia
- School of Basic Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
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Karetnikova ES, Jarzebska N, Rodionov RN, Rubets E, Markov AG, Spieth PM. mRNA Levels of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Markers in Lung Epithelial Cell Lines. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 12:211-219. [PMID: 38317809 PMCID: PMC10838588 DOI: 10.61186/rbmb.12.2.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important physiologic process that determines the outcome of lung tissue healing after injury. Stimuli and molecular cascades inducing EMT lead to up-regulation of the mesenchymal-specific genes in the alveolar epithelial cells and to down-regulation of the genes coding for epithelial markers. Alveolar epithelial cell lines are commonly used as in vitro models to study processes occurring in the lung tissue. The aim of this study is to quantify and compare mRNA expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal markers in a number of lung epithelial cell lines. Methods Lung epithelial cell lines L2, R3/1 and RLE-6TN were cultured. Repeated mRNA isolation, reverse transcription, and quantitative PCR with primers to epithelial (E-cadherin, occludin, and ZO-2) and mesenchymal (α-SMA, collagen III, and vimentin) markers were performed. Results First, our study revealed a higher level of epithelial transcripts in the RLE-6TN cell line compared to L2 and R3/1 cells. Secondly, we have found simultaneous mRNA expression of both epithelial (E-cadherin, occludin and ZO-2) and mesenchymal (α-SMA, collagen III and vimentin) markers in all cell lines studied. Conclusions Our data indicate that at the transcriptional level the L2, R3/1, and RLE-6TN cell lines are at one of the intermediate stages of EMT, which opens new possibilities for the study of EMT on cell lines. Determination of the direction of changes in epithelial and mesenchymal markers will make it possible to establish the factors responsible for both EMT and reverse mesenchymal-epithelial transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sergeevna Karetnikova
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of General Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Roman Nikolaevich Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Elena Rubets
- Department of General Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alexander Georgievich Markov
- Department of General Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
- The first and the second authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Peter Markus Spieth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- The first and the second authors contributed equally to this work.
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Huang ZQ, Ye J, Liu J, Sun LY, Ong HH, Wei YH, Fu SC, Hu XX, Xu Y, Wang DY. Predictive Significance of Claudin-3 for Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:512-525. [PMID: 37153980 PMCID: PMC10359644 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.4.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The abnormal expression of tight junction (TJ) plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, there is no appropriate tool to distinguish and diagnose epithelial barrier defects in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of claudin-3 for epithelial barrier dysfunction in CRSwNP. METHODS In this study, TJ protein levels were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescent, and immunohistochemistry staining in control subjects and CRSwNP patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was created to assess the predictive value of TJ breakdown in clinical outcomes. In vitro, human nasal epithelial cells were cultured at the air-liquid interface to analyze the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) level. RESULTS The expression levels of occludin, tricellulin, claudin-3, and claudin-10 were decreased (all P < 0.05), and those of claudin-1 was increased (P < 0.05) in CRSwNP patients as compared to healthy subjects. Additionally, claudin-3 and occludin levels were negatively correlated with the computed tomography score in CRSwNP (all P < 0.05), and the ROC curve indicated that the claudin-3 level had the most predictive accuracy in evaluating epithelial barrier disruption (area under the curve = 0.791, P < 0.001). Finally, the time-series analysis showed the highest correlation coefficient between TER and claudin-3 (cross-correlation function = 0.75). CONCLUSION In this study, we suggest that claudin-3 could be a valuable biomarker for predicting nasal epithelial barrier defects and disease severity in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yong-Hao Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Shu-Cai Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiao-Xun Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
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Jezierski A, Huang J, Haqqani AS, Haukenfrers J, Liu Z, Baumann E, Sodja C, Charlebois C, Delaney CE, Star AT, Liu Q, Stanimirovic DB. Mouse embryonic stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier model: applicability to studying antibody triggered receptor mediated transcytosis. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:36. [PMID: 37237379 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) models in vitro are an important tool to aid in the pre-clinical evaluation and selection of BBB-crossing therapeutics. Stem cell derived BBB models have recently demonstrated a substantial advantage over primary and immortalized brain endothelial cells (BECs) for BBB modeling. Coupled with recent discoveries highlighting significant species differences in the expression and function of key BBB transporters, the field is in need of robust, species-specific BBB models for improved translational predictability. We have developed a mouse BBB model, composed of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC-D3)-derived brain endothelial-like cells (mBECs), employing a directed monolayer differentiation strategy. Although the mBECs showed a mixed endothelial-epithelial phenotype, they exhibited high transendothelial electrical resistance, inducible by retinoic acid treatment up to 400 Ω cm2. This tight cell barrier resulted in restricted sodium fluorescein permeability (1.7 × 10-5 cm/min), significantly lower than that of bEnd.3 cells (1.02 × 10-3 cm/min) and comparable to human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BECs (2.0 × 10-5 cm/min). The mBECs expressed tight junction proteins, polarized and functional P-gp efflux transporter and receptor mediated transcytosis (RMT) receptors; collectively important criteria for studying barrier regulation and drug delivery applications in the CNS. In this study, we compared transport of a panel of antibodies binding species selective or cross-reactive epitopes on BBB RMT receptors in both the mBEC and human iPSC-derived BEC model, to demonstrate discrimination of species-specific BBB transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jezierski
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Jez Huang
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Arsalan S Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Haukenfrers
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ziying Liu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ewa Baumann
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Caroline Sodja
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Claudie Charlebois
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christie E Delaney
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexandra T Star
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Qing Liu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Danica B Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
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Capaldo CT. Claudin Barriers on the Brink: How Conflicting Tissue and Cellular Priorities Drive IBD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8562. [PMID: 37239907 PMCID: PMC10218714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by acute or chronic recurring inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, often with increasing severity over time. Life-long morbidities and diminishing quality of life for IBD patients compel a search for a better understanding of the molecular contributors to disease progression. One unifying feature of IBDs is the failure of the gut to form an effective barrier, a core role for intercellular complexes called tight junctions. In this review, the claudin family of tight junction proteins are discussed as they are a fundamental component of intestinal barriers. Importantly, claudin expression and/or protein localization is altered in IBD, leading to the supposition that intestinal barrier dysfunction exacerbates immune hyperactivity and disease. Claudins are a large family of transmembrane structural proteins that constrain the passage of ions, water, or substances between cells. However, growing evidence suggests non-canonical claudin functions during mucosal homeostasis and healing after injury. Therefore, whether claudins participate in adaptive or pathological IBD responses remains an open question. By reviewing current studies, the possibility is assessed that with claudins, a jack-of-all-trades is master of none. Potentially, a robust claudin barrier and wound restitution involve conflicting biophysical phenomena, exposing barrier vulnerabilities and a tissue-wide frailty during healing in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Capaldo
- College of Natural and Computer Sciences, Hawai'i Pacific University, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Horowitz A, Chanez-Paredes SD, Haest X, Turner JR. Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3. [PMID: 37186118 PMCID: PMC10127193 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tight junctions define the paracellular permeability of the intestinal barrier. Molecules can cross the tight junctions via two distinct size-selective and charge-selective paracellular pathways: the pore pathway and the leak pathway. These can be distinguished by their selectivities and differential regulation by immune cells. However, permeability increases measured in most studies are secondary to epithelial damage, which allows non-selective flux via the unrestricted pathway. Restoration of increased unrestricted pathway permeability requires mucosal healing. By contrast, tight junction barrier loss can be reversed by targeted interventions. Specific approaches are needed to restore pore pathway or leak pathway permeability increases. Recent studies have used preclinical disease models to demonstrate the potential of pore pathway or leak pathway barrier restoration in disease. In this Review, we focus on the two paracellular flux pathways that are dependent on the tight junction. We discuss the latest evidence that highlights tight junction components, structures and regulatory mechanisms, their impact on gut health and disease, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Horowitz
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Sandra D Chanez-Paredes
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xenia Haest
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Skowron MA, Kotthoff M, Bremmer F, Ruhnke K, Parmaksiz F, Richter A, Küffer S, Reuter-Jessen K, Pauls S, Stefanski A, Ströbel P, Stühler K, Nettersheim D. Targeting CLDN6 in germ cell tumors by an antibody-drug-conjugate and studying therapy resistance of yolk-sac tumors to identify and screen specific therapeutic options. Mol Med 2023; 29:40. [PMID: 36991316 PMCID: PMC10053054 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being the standard-of-care for four decades, cisplatin-based chemotherapy is highly efficient in treating germ cell tumors (GCT). However, often refractory patients present with a remaining (resistant) yolk-sac tumor (YST(-R)) component, resulting in poor prognosis due to lack of novel treatment options besides chemotherapy and surgery. The aim of this study was to identify novel targets for the treatment of YST by deciphering the molecular mechanisms of therapy resistance. Additionally, we screened the cytotoxic efficacy of a novel antibody-drug-conjugate targeting CLDN6 (CLDN6-ADC), as well as pharmacological inhibitors to target specifically YST. METHODS Protein and mRNA levels of putative targets were measured by flow cytometry, immunohistochemical stainings, mass spectrometry of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, phospho-kinase arrays, or qRT-PCR. Cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle assays of GCT and non-cancerous cells were performed using XTT cell viability assays or Annexin V / propidium iodide flow cytometry, respectively. Druggable genomic alterations of YST(-R) tissues were identified by the TrueSight Oncology 500 assay. RESULTS We demonstrated that treatment with a CLDN6-ADC enhanced apoptosis induction specifically in CLDN6+ GCT cells in comparison with non-cancerous controls. In a cell line-dependent manner, either an accumulation in the G2 / M cell cycle phase or a mitotic catastrophe was observed. Based on mutational and proteome profiling, this study identified drugs targeting the FGF, VGF, PDGF, mTOR, CHEK1, AURKA, or PARP signaling pathways as promising approaches to target YST. Further, we identified factors relevant for MAPK signaling, translational initiation and RNA binding, extracellular matrix-related processes as well as oxidative stress and immune response to be involved in therapy resistance. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study offers a novel CLDN6-ADC to target GCT. Additionally, this study presents novel pharmacological inhibitors blocking FGF, VGF, PDGF, mTOR, CHEK1, AURKA, or PARP signaling for the treatment of (refractory) YST patients. Finally, this study shed light on the mechanisms of therapy resistance in YST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha A Skowron
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mara Kotthoff
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Ruhnke
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fatma Parmaksiz
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Richter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Küffer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Stella Pauls
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Fatima I, Uppada JP, Chhonker YS, Gowrikumar S, Barman S, Roy S, Tolentino KT, Palermo N, Natarajan A, Beauchamp DR, Vecchio A, Murry DJ, Singh AB, Hopkins CR, Dhawan P. Identification and characterization of a first-generation inhibitor of claudin-1 in colon cancer progression and metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114255. [PMID: 36696800 PMCID: PMC10824272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of the cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, developing novel and targeted therapies for inhibiting CRC progression and metastasis is urgent. Several studies, including ours, have reported a causal role for an upregulated claudin-1 expression in promoting CRC metastasis through the activation of the Src and β-catenin-signaling. In murine models of colon tumorigenesis, claudin-1 overexpression promotes oncogenic properties such as transformation and invasiveness. Conversely, the downregulation of claudin-1 inhibits colon tumorigenesis. Despite being a desirable target for cancer treatment, there are currently no known claudin-1 inhibitors with antitumor efficacy. Using a rigorous analytical design and implementing in- vitro and in-vivo testing and a brief medicinal chemistry campaign, we identified a claudin-1-specific inhibitor and named it I-6. Despite its high potency, I-6 was rapidly cleared in human liver microsomes. We, therefore, synthesized I-6 analogs and discovered a novel small molecule, PDS-0330. We determined that PDS0330 inhibits claudin-1-dependent CRC progression without exhibiting toxicity in in-vitro and in-vivo models of CRC and that it binds directly and specifically to claudin-1 with micromolar affinity. Further analyses revealed that PDS-0330 exhibits antitumor and chemosensitizer activities with favorable pharmacokinetic properties by inhibiting the association with metastatic oncogene Src. Overall, our data propose that PDS-0330 interferes with claudin-1/Src association to inhibit CRC progression and metastasis. Our findings are of direct clinical relevance and may open new therapeutic opportunities in colon cancer treatment and/or management by targeting claudin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash Uppada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yashpal S Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Saiprasad Gowrikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susmita Barman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
| | - Kirsten T Tolentino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nicholas Palermo
- Computational Chemistry Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Daniel R Beauchamp
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alex Vecchio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Tsukita K, Kitamata M, Kashihara H, Yano T, Fujiwara I, Day TF, Katsuno T, Kim J, Takenaga F, Tanaka H, Park S, Miyata M, Watanabe H, Kondoh G, Takahashi R, Tamura A, Tsukita S. Phase separation of an actin nucleator by junctional microtubules regulates epithelial function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6358. [PMID: 36791197 PMCID: PMC9931218 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is involved in various dynamic biological phenomena. In epithelial cells, dynamic regulation of junctional actin filaments tethered to the apical junctional complex (AJC) is critical for maintaining internal homeostasis against external perturbations; however, the role of LLPS in this process remains unknown. Here, after identifying a multifunctional actin nucleator, cordon bleu (Cobl), as an AJC-enriched microtubule-associated protein, we conducted comprehensive in vitro and in vivo analyses. We found that apical microtubules promoted LLPS of Cobl at the AJC, and Cobl actin assembly activity increased upon LLPS. Thus, microtubules spatiotemporally regulated junctional actin assembly for epithelial morphogenesis and paracellular barriers. Collectively, these findings established that LLPS of the actin nucleator Cobl mediated dynamic microtubule-actin cross-talk in junctions, which fine-tuned the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Tsukita
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Kitamata
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroka Kashihara
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yano
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Sakaguchi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ikuko Fujiwara
- Departments of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Timothy F. Day
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsuno
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Anatomical, Pathological and Forensic Medical Researches, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jaewon Kim
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Fumiko Takenaga
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroo Tanaka
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Sungsu Park
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Makoto Miyata
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
- Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Structure Composition and Intracellular Transport of Clathrin-Mediated Intestinal Transmembrane Tight Junction Protein. Inflammation 2023; 46:18-34. [PMID: 36050591 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are located in the apical region of the junctions between epithelial cells and are widely found in organs such as the brain, retina, intestinal epithelium, and endothelial system. As a mechanical barrier of the intestinal mucosa, TJs can not only maintain the integrity of intestinal epithelial cells but also maintain intestinal mucosal permeability by regulating the entry of ions and molecules into paracellular channels. Therefore, the formation disorder or integrity destruction of TJs can induce damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier, ultimately leading to the occurrence of various gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, a large number of studies have shown that TJs protein transport disorder from the endoplasmic reticulum to the apical membrane can lead to TJs formation disorder, in addition to disruption of TJs integrity caused by external pathological factors and reduction of TJs protein synthesis. In this review, we focus on the structural composition of TJs, the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles containing transmembrane TJs from the Golgi apparatus, and the transport process from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane via microtubules and finally fusion with the plasma membrane. At present, the mechanism of the intracellular transport of TJ proteins remains unclear. More studies are needed in the future to focus on the sorting of TJs protein vesicles, regulation of transport processes, and recycling of TJ proteins, etc.
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Claudin-10b cation channels in tight junction strands: Octameric-interlocked pore barrels constitute paracellular channels with low water permeability. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1711-1727. [PMID: 36874155 PMCID: PMC9977872 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin proteins constitute the backbone of tight junctions (TJs) regulating paracellular permeability for solutes and water. The molecular mechanism of claudin polymerization and paracellular channel formation is unclear. However, a joined double-rows architecture of claudin strands has been supported by experimental and modeling data. Here, we compared two variants of this architectural model for the related but functionally distinct cation channel-forming claudin-10b and claudin-15: tetrameric-locked-barrel vs octameric-interlocked-barrels model. Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations of double-membrane embedded dodecamers indicate that claudin-10b and claudin-15 share the same joined double-rows architecture of TJ-strands. For both, the results indicate octameric-interlocked-barrels: Sidewise unsealed tetrameric pore scaffolds interlocked with adjacent pores via the β1β2 loop of the extracellular segment (ECS) 1. This loop mediates hydrophobic clustering and, together with ECS2, cis- and trans-interaction between claudins of the adjacent tetrameric pore scaffolds. In addition, the β1β2 loop contributes to lining of the ion conduction pathway. The charge-distribution along the pore differs between claudin-10b and claudin-15 and is suggested to be a key determinant for the cation- and water permeabilities that differ between the two claudins. In the claudin-10b simulations, similar as for claudin-15, the conserved D56 in the pore center is the main cation interaction site. In contrast to claudin-15 channels, the claudin-10b-specific D36, K64 and E153 are suggested to cause jamming of cations that prevents efficient water passage. In sum, we provide novel mechanistic information about polymerization of classic claudins, formation of embedded channels and thus regulation of paracellular transport across epithelia.
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Selective Role of TNFα and IL10 in Regulation of Barrier Properties of the Colon in DMH-Induced Tumor and Healthy Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415610. [PMID: 36555251 PMCID: PMC9779473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently it has been reported that the tumor adjacent colon tissues of 1,2-dymethylhydrazine induced (DMH)-rats revealed a high paracellular permeability. We hypothesized that the changes might be induced by cytokines. Colorectal cancer is accompanied by an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 10 (IL10) that exert opposite regulatory effects on barrier properties of the colon, which is characterized by morphological and functional segmental heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of TNFα and IL10 in the colon segments of DMH-rats and to investigate their effects on barrier properties of the proximal and distal parts of the colon in healthy rats. Enzyme immunoassay analysis showed decreased TNFα in tumors in the distal part of the colon and increased IL10 in proximal tumors and in non-tumor tissues. Four-hour intraluminal exposure of the colon of healthy rats with cytokines showed reduced colon barrier function dependent on the cytokine: TNFα decreased it mainly in the distal part of the colon, whereas IL10 decreased it only in the proximal part. Western blot analysis revealed a more pronounced influence of IL10 on tight junction (TJ) proteins expression by down-regulation of the TJ proteins claudin-1, -2 and -4, and up-regulation of occludin only in the proximal part of the colon. These data may indicate a selective role of the cytokines in regulation of the barrier properties of the colon and a prominent role of IL10 in carcinogenesis in its proximal part.
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Zhang M, Li Q, Wang J, Sun J, Xiang Y, Jin X. Aflatoxin B1 disrupts the intestinal barrier integrity by reducing junction protein and promoting apoptosis in pigs and mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114250. [PMID: 36334341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the growing diversity and complexity of diet, animals and humans are at risk of exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is a well-known contaminant in the food chain that causes various toxicological effects. The intestine acts as the first barrier against external contaminants, but the effect of AFB1 on intestinal barrier has not been determined. This study aimed to evaluate AFB1 on the intestinal barrier function in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, porcine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were treated with increasing concentrations of AFB1 (10-60 mg/L). In vivo, Kunming (KM) mice were used as controls or gavaged with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (110 mg/kg b.w.) and AFB1 (0.3 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days. In IPEC-J2 cells, the cell viability decreased with increasing mycotoxin concentrations, and the viability of IPEC-J2 cells decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when the AFB1 concentrations were greater than 30 mg/L. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence results show that AFB1 can downregulate the tight junction proteins and increase the expression levels of Caspase-3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, suggesting that AFB1 was cytotoxic to IPEC-J2. In vivo, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, the intestinal wall thickness, the number of intestinal villus per 1000 µm in the jejunum, the expression levels of ZO-1, Claudin-3, Occludin, MUC2, and Caspase-3, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly affected in mice exposed to AFB1. In vitro and in vivo results showed that the effects of exposure to AFB1 on the intestinal function in the jejunum of KM mice and in the IPEC-J2 was similar, suggesting that AFB1 may adversely affect animal intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Qinghao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Juan Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yuqiang Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
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Yadav R, Kumar Y, Dahiya D, Bhatia A. Claudins: The Newly Emerging Targets in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2022; 22:737-752. [PMID: 36175290 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-low breast cancers are recently described entities showing low expression of certain claudins and cell adhesion molecules. Claudins constitute the backbone of tight junctions (TJs) formed between 2 cells. Their dysregulation plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. First part of the article focuses on the role of claudins in the TJ organization, their structural-functional characteristics, and post-transcriptional and translational modifications. The latter part of the review attempts to summarize existing knowledge regarding the status of claudins in breast cancer. The article also provides an overview of the effect of claudins on tumor progression, metastasis, stemness, chemotherapy resistance, and their crosstalk with relevant signaling pathways in breast cancer. Claudins can act as 2-edged swords in tumors. Some claudins have either tumor-suppressive/ promoting action, while others work as both in a context-dependent manner. Claudins regulate many important events in breast cancer. However, the intricacies involved in their activity are poorly understood. Post-translational modifications in claudins and their impact on TJ integrity, function, and tumor behavior are still unclear. Although their role in adverse events in breast cancer is recognized, their potential to serve as relevant targets for future therapeutics, especially for difficult-to-treat subtypes of the above malignancy, remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Yadav
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Zheng Y, Zheng M, Shao J, Jiang C, Shen J, Tao R, Deng Y, Xu Y, Lu Y. Upregulation of claudin‑4 by Chinese traditional medicine Shenfu attenuates lung tissue damage by acute lung injury aggravated by acute gastrointestinal injury. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1981-1993. [PMID: 36226770 PMCID: PMC9578493 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2128824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many studies have explored new methods to cure acute lung injury (ALI); however, none of those methods could significantly change the high mortality rate of ALI. Shenfu is a Chinese traditional medicine that might be effective against ALI. OBJECTIVE Our study explores the therapeutic potential of Shenfu in ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (500 µg/100 μL per mouse), and LPS + Shenfu (30 mL/kg) groups. Shenfu (10 µL/mL) was added to LPS (10 µg/mL) treated MLE-12 cells for 48 h in vitro. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: LPS, LPS + 3% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS), 3% DSS + Shenfu, and LPS + 3% DSS + Shenfu. RESULTS Compared with the ALI group, Shenfu reduced wet/dry weight ratio (19.8%, 36.2%), and reduced the IL-2 (40.9%, 61.6%), IFN-γ (43.5%, 53.3%) TNF-α (54.1%, 42.1%), IL-6 (54.8%,70%), and IL-1β (39.9%, 65.1%), reduced serum uric acid (18.8%, 48.7%) and creatinine (17.4%, 41.1%). Moreover, Shenfu enhanced cell viability (17.2%, 59.9%) and inhibited cell apoptosis (63.0%) and p38/ERK phosphorylation in in vitro cultured epithelial cells with LPS stimulation. Mechanistically, Shenfu mediated the protective effect by upregulating claudin-4 expression. In addition, Shenfu could protect against both lung and intestinal epithelial damage in acute gastrointestinal injury-exacerbated ALI. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results revealed the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of Shenfu injection in an ALI in mouse model, indicating its clinical potential to treat patients with ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Emergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mian Zheng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengxing Jiang
- Emergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rujia Tao
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Deng
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingge Xu
- Emergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqiang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Goncalves A, Antonetti DA. Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:86. [PMID: 36320068 PMCID: PMC9628113 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique environment of the brain and retina is tightly regulated by blood-brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier, respectively, to ensure proper neuronal function. Endothelial cells within these tissues possess distinct properties that allow for controlled passage of solutes and fluids. Pericytes, glia cells and neurons signal to endothelial cells (ECs) to form and maintain the barriers and control blood flow, helping to create the neurovascular unit. This barrier is lost in a wide range of diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and retina such as brain tumors, stroke, dementia, and in the eye, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions and age-related macular degeneration to name prominent examples. Recent studies directly link barrier changes to promotion of disease pathology and degradation of neuronal function. Understanding how these barriers form and how to restore these barriers in disease provides an important point for therapeutic intervention. This review aims to describe the fundamentals of the blood-tissue barriers of the CNS and how the use of transgenic animal models led to our current understanding of the molecular framework of these barriers. The review also highlights examples of targeting barrier properties to protect neuronal function in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Goncalves
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall St Rm, Ann Arbor, MI, 7317, USA
| | - David A Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall St Rm, Ann Arbor, MI, 7317, USA.
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