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Zhao W, Zheng X, Liu J, Sui Y, Wang Y, Luo P, Zhu X, Wu W, Gu W, Liu X. Ceratophyllum demersum alleviates microplastics uptake and physiological stress responses in aquatic organisms, an overlooked ability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134573. [PMID: 38824779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that microplastics (MPs) may be inadvertently ingested by aquatic animals, causing harm to their physiological functions and potentially entering the food chain, thereby posing risks to human food safety. To achieve an environmentally friendly and efficient reduction of MPs in freshwater environments, this experiment investigates the depuration effect of C. demersum on MPs using three common aquatic animals: Macrobrachium nipponense, Corbicula fluminea, and Bellamya aeruginosa as research subjects. The amounts of MPs, digestive enzyme activity, oxidative stress index, and energy metabolism enzyme activity in the digestive and non-digestive systems of three aquatic animals were measured on exposure days 1, 3, and 7 and on depuration days 1 and 3. The results indicated that the depuration effect of C. demersum and the species interaction were significant for the whole individual. Concerning digestive tissue, C. demersum was the most effective in purifying B. aeruginosa. When subjected to short-term exposure to MPs, C. demersum displayed a superior depuration effect. Among non-digestive tissues, C. demersum exhibited the earliest purifying effect on C. fluminea. Additionally, C. demersum alleviated physiological responses caused by MPs. In conclusion, this study underscores C. demersum as a promising new method for removing MPs from aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Zhao
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Xirui Zheng
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224000, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Yanming Sui
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224000, China.
| | - Yuning Wang
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224000, China; Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Pan Luo
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224000, China; Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224000, China
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Raine J, Tolwinski N, Gruber J, Mathuru AS. Evaluating the inter-species transmission risk of amyloid beta peptide aggregates via ingestion. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:123. [PMID: 38849926 PMCID: PMC11157902 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports suggest that amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides can exhibit prion-like pathogenic properties. Transmission of Aβ peptide and the development of associated pathologies after surgeries with contaminated instruments and intravenous or intracerebral inoculations have now been reported across fish, rodents, primates, and humans. This raises a worrying prospect of Aβ peptides also having other characteristics typical of prions, such as evasion of the digestive process. We asked if such transmission of Aβ aggregates via ingestion was possible. METHODS We made use of a transgenic Drosophila melanogaster line expressing human Aβ peptide prone to aggregation. Fly larvae were fed to adult zebrafish under two feeding schemes. The first was a short-term, high-intensity scheme over 48 h to determine transmission and retention in the gut. The second, long-term scheme specifically examined retention and accumulation in the brain. The gut and brain tissues were examined by histology, western blotting, and mass spectrometric analyses. RESULTS None of the analyses could detect Aβ aggregates in the guts of zebrafish following ingestion, despite being easily detectable in the feed. Additionally, there was no detectable accumulation of Aβ in the brain tissue or development of associated pathologies after prolonged feeding. CONCLUSIONS While human Aβ aggregates do not appear to be readily transmissible by ingestion across species, two prospects remain open. First, this mode of transmission, if occurring, may stay below a detectable threshold and may take much longer to manifest. A second possibility is that the human Aβ peptide is not able to trigger self-propagation or aggregation in other species. Either possibility requires further investigation, taking into account the possibility of such transmission from agricultural species used in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Raine
- Yale-NUS College, 12 College Avenue West, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Tolwinski
- Yale-NUS College, 12 College Avenue West, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Yale-NUS College, 12 College Avenue West, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ajay S Mathuru
- Yale-NUS College, 12 College Avenue West, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Digital Medicine (WisDM) Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Chang HW, Lee EM, Wang Y, Zhou C, Pruss KM, Henrissat S, Chen RY, Kao C, Hibberd MC, Lynn HM, Webber DM, Crane M, Cheng J, Rodionov DA, Arzamasov AA, Castillo JJ, Couture G, Chen Y, Balcazo NP, Lebrilla CB, Terrapon N, Henrissat B, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Mostafa I, Das S, Mahfuz M, Osterman AL, Barratt MJ, Ahmed T, Gordon JI. Prevotella copri and microbiota members mediate the beneficial effects of a therapeutic food for malnutrition. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:922-937. [PMID: 38503977 PMCID: PMC10994852 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF) formulations have been designed to repair the gut communities of malnourished children. A randomized controlled trial demonstrated that one formulation, MDCF-2, improved weight gain in malnourished Bangladeshi children compared to a more calorically dense standard nutritional intervention. Metagenome-assembled genomes from study participants revealed a correlation between ponderal growth and expression of MDCF-2 glycan utilization pathways by Prevotella copri strains. To test this correlation, here we use gnotobiotic mice colonized with defined consortia of age- and ponderal growth-associated gut bacterial strains, with or without P. copri isolates closely matching the metagenome-assembled genomes. Combining gut metagenomics and metatranscriptomics with host single-nucleus RNA sequencing and gut metabolomic analyses, we identify a key role of P. copri in metabolizing MDCF-2 glycans and uncover its interactions with other microbes including Bifidobacterium infantis. P. copri-containing consortia mediated weight gain and modulated energy metabolism within intestinal epithelial cells. Our results reveal structure-function relationships between MDCF-2 and members of the gut microbiota of malnourished children with potential implications for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chang
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evan M Lee
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cyrus Zhou
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kali M Pruss
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suzanne Henrissat
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Robert Y Chen
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clara Kao
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew C Hibberd
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah M Lynn
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel M Webber
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marie Crane
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiye Cheng
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aleksandr A Arzamasov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juan J Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Garret Couture
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nikita P Balcazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Terrapon
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ishita Mostafa
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Subhasish Das
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Barratt
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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de Souza HM, de Almeida RF, Lopes AP, Hauser-Davis RA. Review: Fish bile, a highly versatile biomarker for different environmental pollutants. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 278:109845. [PMID: 38280442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological assessments encompass a broad spectrum of biochemical endpoints and ecological factors, allowing for comprehensive assessments concerning pollutant exposure levels and their effects on both fish populations and surrounding ecosystems. While these evaluations offer invaluable insights into the overall health and dynamics of aquatic environments, they often provide an integrated perspective, making it challenging to pinpoint the precise sources and individual-level responses to environmental contaminants. In contrast, biliary pollutant excretion assessments represent a focused approach aimed at understanding how fish at the individual level respond to environmental stressors. In this sense, the analysis of pollutant profiles in fish bile not only serves as a valuable exposure indicator, but also provides critical information concerning the uptake, metabolism, and elimination of specific contaminants. Therefore, by investigating unique and dynamic fish responses to various pollutants, biliary assessments can contribute significantly to the refinement of ecotoxicological studies. This review aims to discuss the multifaceted utility of bile as a potent biomarker for various environmental pollutants in fish in targeted monitoring strategies, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, estrogenic compounds, resin acids, hepatotoxins and per- and polyfluorinated substances. The main caveats of this type of assessment are also discussed, as well as future directions of fish bile studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloise Martins de Souza
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Regina Fonsêca de Almeida
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pontes Lopes
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
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Guo J, Shi W, Li X, Yang B, Qin C, Su L. Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiomes in Laboratory Chinchillas, Ferrets, and Marmots: Implications for Pathogen Infection Research. Microorganisms 2024; 12:646. [PMID: 38674591 PMCID: PMC11051751 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes play a vital role in the health and disease of animals, especially in relation to pathogen infections. Chinchillas, ferrets, and marmots are commonly used as important laboratory animals for infectious disease research. Here, we studied the bacterial and fungal microbiota and discovered that chinchillas had higher alpha diversity and a higher abundance of bacteria compared to marmots and ferrets by using the metabarcoding of 16S rRNA genes and ITS2, coupled with co-occurrence network analysis. The dominant microbes varied significantly among the three animal species, particularly in the gut mycobiota. In the ferrets, the feces were dominated by yeast such as Rhodotorula and Kurtzmaniella, while in the chinchillas, we found Teunomyces and Penicillium dominating, and Acaulium, Piromyces, and Kernia in the marmots. Nevertheless, the dominant bacterial genera shared some similarities, such as Clostridium and Pseudomonas across the three animal species. However, there were significant differences observed, such as Vagococcus and Ignatzschineria in the ferrets, Acinetobacter and Bacteroides in the chinchillas, and Bacteroides and Cellvibrio in the marmots. Additionally, our differential analysis revealed significant differences in classification levels among the three different animal species, as well as variations in feeding habitats that resulted in distinct contributions from the host microbiome. Therefore, our data are valuable for monitoring and evaluating the impacts of the microbiome, as well as considering potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lei Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, International Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.L.); (B.Y.); (C.Q.)
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6
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Miksch L, Chen CY, Granberg ME, Krång AS, Gutow L, Saborowski R. Biodegradable microplastics: Uptake by and effects on the rockpool shrimp Palaemon elegans (Crustacea: Decapoda). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116184. [PMID: 38461578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Ingestion of microplastics can lead to deleterious consequences for organisms, as documented by numerous laboratory studies. The current knowledge is based on a multitude of effect studies, conducted with conventional fossil-based and non-degradable plastics. However, there is a lack of information about the acceptance and the effects of novel bio-based and biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics are considered an alternative to conventional plastics and are showing rapidly growing production rates. Biodegradable plastics can disperse into the environment in the same way as conventional plastics do, becoming available to marine organisms. This study aims to provide new insights into the uptake and effects of biodegradable microplastics on marine invertebrates. Rockpool shrimp, Palaemon elegans, were fed with algal flakes coated with polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) and conventional low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microparticles. Live observations showed that all of the different types of microplastics were ingested. After dissection of the shrimp, less LDPE particles were found in the stomachs than PLA and PHBV particles. This indicates a longer retention time of biodegradable microplastics compared to conventional microplastics. Presumably, less LDPE particles were ingested or evacuated from the stomach, probably by regurgitation. The ingestion of microparticles of all types of plastics induced enzymatic activity of short-chain carboxylesterases in the midgut glands of the shrimp. However, only PLA induced enzymatic activity of medium-chain carboxylesterases. Palaemon elegans showed no oxidative stress response after ingestion of microparticles, irrespective of polymer type. From our results we conclude that biodegradable plastics might have different effects than conventional plastics. The longer retention times of biodegradable plastics might enhance exposure to leaching additives and other harmful substances. Our study provides new insights into how biodegradable plastics might affect aquatic fauna and indicate that the use of biodegradable plastics needs to be reconsidered to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Miksch
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany.
| | - Chiau Yu Chen
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Kristineberg 566, Fiskebäckskil 45178, Sweden
| | - Maria E Granberg
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Kristineberg 566, Fiskebäckskil 45178, Sweden
| | - Anna-Sara Krång
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Kristineberg 566, Fiskebäckskil 45178, Sweden
| | - Lars Gutow
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
| | - Reinhard Saborowski
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
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7
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Gionfriddo TB, Georoff T, Baker K, Ialeggio D, Hinshaw K, Toddes B, Trupkiewicz JG. INTESTINAL TYMPANY AND VOLVULUS IN CENTRAL AMERICAN RIVER TURTLES ( DERMATEMYS MAWII). J Zoo Wildl Med 2024; 55:224-234. [PMID: 38453507 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ten cases of small intestinal tympany with or without volvulus were documented in Central American river turtles (Dermatemys mawii). These turtles were under managed care at the Philadelphia Zoo in Philadelphia, PA, USA, with one case followed after transfer to a different institution. The primary clinical presentation was abnormal buoyancy in nearly all cases (9/10) and anorexia in two cases (2/10). Five of 10 turtles with suspected or radiographically confirmed small intestinal tympany recovered (5/10), whereas five cases (5/ 10) resulted in death or euthanasia. In all fatal cases (5/5), small intestinal volvulus was identified at gross necropsy, with concurrent colonic volvulus identified in 2/5 cases. Other notable necropsy findings were hepatic lipidosis (3/5) and thrombosis of intestinal or renal vasculature (2/5). In all fatal cases (5/5), there was short (1 to 2 days) clinical progression from abnormal buoyancy to death or euthanasia. In the majority of cases (6/10), an abrupt change in diet, notably the overfeeding of fresh fruit or excessive amounts of mulberry (Morus spp.) browse, or ingestion of indigestible foreign material, occurred prior to presentation. Temporary suboptimal environmental temperatures were suspected prior to the onset of clinical signs in 4/10 cases. Optimal husbandry conditions including nutrition and environmental temperature appear vital to preventing this condition. Recognition of early clinical signs of this condition, such as abnormal buoyancy and anorexia, and environmental correction or medical therapy, may prevent fatality and result in a better outcome in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Georoff
- The Philadelphia Zoo, Philadelphia, PA 19104-1196, USA
| | - Kendra Baker
- The Philadelphia Zoo, Philadelphia, PA 19104-1196, USA
- The National Aquarium, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | | | - Keith Hinshaw
- The Philadelphia Zoo, Philadelphia, PA 19104-1196, USA
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8
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Lee JY, Tiffany CR, Mahan SP, Kellom M, Rogers AWL, Nguyen H, Stevens ET, Masson HLP, Yamazaki K, Marco ML, Eloe-Fadrosh EA, Turnbaugh PJ, Bäumler AJ. High fat intake sustains sorbitol intolerance after antibiotic-mediated Clostridia depletion from the gut microbiota. Cell 2024; 187:1191-1205.e15. [PMID: 38366592 PMCID: PMC11023689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrate intolerance, commonly linked to the consumption of lactose, fructose, or sorbitol, affects up to 30% of the population in high-income countries. Although sorbitol intolerance is attributed to malabsorption, the underlying mechanism remains unresolved. Here, we show that a history of antibiotic exposure combined with high fat intake triggered long-lasting sorbitol intolerance in mice by reducing Clostridia abundance, which impaired microbial sorbitol catabolism. The restoration of sorbitol catabolism by inoculation with probiotic Escherichia coli protected mice against sorbitol intolerance but did not restore Clostridia abundance. Inoculation with the butyrate producer Anaerostipes caccae restored a normal Clostridia abundance, which protected mice against sorbitol-induced diarrhea even when the probiotic was cleared. Butyrate restored Clostridia abundance by stimulating epithelial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling to restore epithelial hypoxia in the colon. Collectively, these mechanistic insights identify microbial sorbitol catabolism as a potential target for approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sorbitol intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yon Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Connor R Tiffany
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Scott P Mahan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Matthew Kellom
- Environmental Genomics & Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew W L Rogers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eric T Stevens
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hugo L P Masson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kohei Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Emiley A Eloe-Fadrosh
- Environmental Genomics & Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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9
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Hui TKL, Lo ICN, Wong KKW, Tsang CTT, Tsang LM. Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome illuminates the mechanisms and evolution of lignocellulose degradation in mangrove herbivorous crabs. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:57. [PMID: 38350856 PMCID: PMC10863281 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesarmid crabs dominate mangrove habitats as the major primary consumers, which facilitates the trophic link and nutrient recycling in the ecosystem. Therefore, the adaptations and mechanisms of sesarmid crabs to herbivory are not only crucial to terrestrialization and its evolutionary success, but also to the healthy functioning of mangrove ecosystems. Although endogenous cellulase expressions were reported in crabs, it remains unknown if endogenous enzymes alone can complete the whole lignocellulolytic pathway, or if they also depend on the contribution from the intestinal microbiome. We attempt to investigate the role of gut symbiotic microbes of mangrove-feeding sesarmid crabs in plant digestion using a comparative metagenomic approach. RESULTS Metagenomics analyses on 43 crab gut samples from 23 species of mangrove crabs with different dietary preferences revealed a wide coverage of 127 CAZy families and nine KOs targeting lignocellulose and their derivatives in all species analyzed, including predominantly carnivorous species, suggesting the crab gut microbiomes have lignocellulolytic capacity regardless of dietary preference. Microbial cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase genes in herbivorous and detritivorous crabs were differentially more abundant when compared to omnivorous and carnivorous crabs, indicating the importance of gut symbionts in lignocellulose degradation and the enrichment of lignocellulolytic microbes in response to diet with higher lignocellulose content. Herbivorous and detritivorous crabs showed highly similar CAZyme composition despite dissimilarities in taxonomic profiles observed in both groups, suggesting a stronger selection force on gut microbiota by functional capacity than by taxonomy. The gut microbiota in herbivorous sesarmid crabs were also enriched with nitrogen reduction and fixation genes, implying possible roles of gut microbiota in supplementing nitrogen that is deficient in plant diet. CONCLUSIONS Endosymbiotic microbes play an important role in lignocellulose degradation in most crab species. Their abundance is strongly correlated with dietary preference, and they are highly enriched in herbivorous sesarmids, thus enhancing their capacity in digesting mangrove leaves. Dietary preference is a stronger driver in determining the microbial CAZyme composition and taxonomic profile in the crab microbiome, resulting in functional redundancy of endosymbiotic microbes. Our results showed that crabs implement a mixed mode of digestion utilizing both endogenous and microbial enzymes in lignocellulose degradation, as observed in most of the more advanced herbivorous invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kwok Lun Hui
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene Ching Nam Lo
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen Ka Wing Wong
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chandler Tsz To Tsang
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Ming Tsang
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Lam IPY, Fong JJ. Are fecal samples an appropriate proxy for amphibian intestinal microbiota? Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10862. [PMID: 38304268 PMCID: PMC10828907 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota, an invisible organ supporting a host's survival, has essential roles in metabolism, immunity, growth, and development. Since intestinal microbiota influences a host's biology, application of such data to wildlife conservation has gained interest. There are standard protocols for studying the human intestinal microbiota, but no equivalent for wildlife. A major challenge is sampling the intestinal microbiota in an effective, unbiased way. Fecal samples are a popular proxy for intestinal microbiota because collection is non-invasive and allows for longitudinal sampling. Yet it is unclear whether the fecal microbiota is representative of the intestinal microbiota. In wildlife studies, research on the sampling methodology is limited. In this study focusing on amphibians, we characterize and compare the microbiota (small intestine, large intestine, and feces) of two Hong Kong stream-dwelling frog species: Lesser Spiny Frog (Quasipaa exilispinosa) and Hong Kong Cascade Frog (Amolops hongkongensis). We found that the microbiota of both species are similar at the level of phylum and family, but diverge at the level of genus. When we assessed the performance of fecal microbiota in representing the intestinal microbiota in these two species, we found that (1) the microbiota of the small and large intestine differs significantly, (2) feces are not an appropriate proxy of either intestinal sections, and (3) a set of microbial taxa significantly differs between sample types. Our findings raise caution equating fecal and intestinal microbiota in stream-dwelling frogs. Sampling feces can avoid sacrifice of an animal, but researchers should avoid over-extrapolation and interpret results carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan P. Y. Lam
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Science UnitLingnan UniversityHong KongChina
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11
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Middleton EK, Gilbert MJH, Landry T, Lamarre SG, Speers-Roesch B. Environmental variation associated with overwintering elicits marked metabolic plasticity in a temperate salmonid, Salvelinus fontinalis. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246743. [PMID: 38235572 PMCID: PMC10911287 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Poleward winters commonly expose animals, including fish, to frigid temperatures and low food availability. Fishes that remain active over winter must therefore balance trade-offs between conserving energy and maintaining physiological performance in the cold, yet the extent and underlying mechanisms of these trade-offs are not well understood. We investigated the metabolic plasticity of brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis), a temperate salmonid, from the biochemical to whole-animal level in response to cold and food deprivation. Acute cooling (1°C day-1) from 14°C to 2°C had no effect on food consumption but reduced activity by 77%. We then assessed metabolic performance and demand over 90 days with exposure to warm (8°C) or cold winter (2°C) temperatures while fish were fed or starved. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) decreased substantially during initial cooling from 8°C to 2°C (Q10=4.2-4.5) but brook char exhibited remarkable thermal compensation during acclimation (Q10=1.4-1.6). Conversely, RMR was substantially lower (40-48%) in starved fish, conserving energy. Thus, the absolute magnitude of thermal plasticity may be masked or modified under food restriction. This reduction in RMR was associated with atrophy and decreases in in vivo protein synthesis rates, primarily in non-essential tissues. Remarkably, food deprivation had no effect on maximum oxygen uptake rates and thus aerobic capacity, supporting the notion that metabolic capacity can be decoupled from RMR in certain contexts. Overall, our study highlights the multi-faceted energetic flexibility of Salvelinus spp. that likely contributes to their success in harsh and variable environments and may be emblematic of winter-active fishes more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella K. Middleton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada, E2K 5E2
| | - Matthew J. H. Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada, E2K 5E2
| | - Thomas Landry
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada, E1A 3E9
| | - Simon G. Lamarre
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada, E1A 3E9
| | - Ben Speers-Roesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada, E2K 5E2
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12
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Yang Y, Wang S, Liu X, Zhang W, Tong W, Luo H, Zhao L. Interactions of ferulic acid and ferulic acid methyl ester with endogenous proteins: Determination using the multi-methods. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24605. [PMID: 38312678 PMCID: PMC10835327 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) and ferulic acid methyl ester (FAM) are important phenolic compounds in Baijiu. In this study, the interaction of FA and FAM with human serum albumin (HSA) and lysozyme (LZM) was investigated using multispectral methods and molecular dynamics simulation. FA and FAM could interact with HSA and LZM, changing the conformation and hydrophilicity of the protein. The quenching mechanisms of FA-HSA, FA-LZM, FAM-HSA, and FAM-LZM were all static-quenching. In the FA-HSA, FAM-HSA, and FA-LZM systems, the interaction forces were mainly hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. In the FAM-LZM system, the interaction forces were mainly hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals force. Common metal ions such as K+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ could affect the binding ability of FA and FAM to HSA and LZM. Moreover, FA and FAM could increase the stability of HSA and LZM, and the protein bound to FA/FAM was more stable than the free protein. FA and FAM had varying degrees of impact on the physiological activities of HSA and LZM. This study provides relevant information on the interactions and metabolic mechanisms of FA and its derivatives with endogenous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Shuqin Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Xingyan Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wenhua Tong
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000, China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Biotechnology and Application, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Huibo Luo
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000, China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Biotechnology and Application, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200000, China
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13
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Albanesi CP, Méndez E, Michiels MS, Radonic M, López A, López-Mañanes AA. Differential modulation of digestive enzymes and energy reserves at different times after feeding in juveniles of the marine estuarine-dependent flatfish Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1839). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:34-43. [PMID: 37697670 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrative studies are lacking on the responses of digestive enzymes and energy reserves in conjunction with morphological traits at distinct postprandial times in marine estuarine-dependent flatfishes of ecological and economic importance, such as Paralichthys orbignyanus. We determined total weight (TW), hepato-somatic index (IH), activities of digestive enzymes in the intestine, and the concentration of energy reserves in the liver and the muscle at 0, 24, 72, and 360 h after feeding in juveniles of P. orbignyanus. Amylase activity decreased at 72 h (about 30%). Maltase, sucrose, and lipase activities reached peak at 24 h (67%, 600%, and 35%, respectively). Trypsin and aminopeptidase-N activities at 24 and 72 h, respectively, were lower than those at t = 0 (53% and 30%). A peak increase in the concentration of glycogen and triglycerides in the liver (24 h) (86% and 89%, respectively) occurred. In muscle, glycogen and triglyceride concentrations were unchanged at 24 h and higher at 72 and 360 h (100% and 60%). No changes were found in TW, IH, free glucose in the liver and muscle, and protein in the liver. The protein concentration in the muscle sharply increased at 24 and 360 h after feeding (60%). The results indicate a distinct and specific response of central components of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism that could be adjustments at the biochemical level upon periods of irregular feeding and even of long-term food deprivation inside coastal lagoons or estuaries. The distinct responses of digestive enzymes in the intestine and energy reserves in the liver and muscle suggest the differential modulation of tissue-specific anabolic and catabolic pathways that would allow the maintenance of physical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Paula Albanesi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Michiels
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariela Radonic
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N1, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea López
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N1, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandra A López-Mañanes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Mar Del Plata, Argentina
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14
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Jiang S, Zhang J, Tang Y, Li Z, Liu H, Wang L, Wu Y, Liang C. Plant functional traits and biodiversity can reveal the response of ecosystem functions to grazing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165636. [PMID: 37487897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional traits can elucidate the response of plant communities and ecosystems to biotic and abiotic disturbances. However, whether livestock consume more aboveground biomass (AGB) in communities dominated by species with 'acquisitive' traits or in communities where biodiversity is high is not well known. Here, we measured 22 functional traits of the grazing communities and control communities in a Mongolian Plateau desert steppe. The effects of grazing on AGB, CWM traits, species diversity, and functional diversity (FD) were analysed, furthermore, we estimated the grazing impact by using the log response ratio (LRR, an increasing value shows a higher grazing impact) and investigated the correlations between the LRR, plant growth, and community-weighted mean (CWM) traits and diversity indices. We found that grazing significantly increased the CWM dry matter content and carbon-to‑nitrogen ratio and decreased the CWM height, specific leaf area (SLA), and nitrogen and phosphorus contents. The AGB decreased, while species diversity and FD increased under grazing treatments. Additionally, we found that plant traits and biodiversity could predict the response of AGB to grazing, the LRR was higher in patches dominated by species with 'acquisitive' foliage and in patches with higher biodiversity; in these patches, plant growth was lower. In the study area, the response of CWM traits to grazing suggests an avoidance strategy, which may be more conducive for adapting to low resource utilization environments. Also, the relationship between the CWM traits and the LRR indicated that the effect of grazing on AGB was mainly related to the selective foraging of herbivores. In addition, patches preferred by livestock may not recover quickly, leading to slow growth and thus reduced biomass under grazing treatments after prolonged grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Yiwei Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Huamin Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grassland Ecological Security, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Cunzhu Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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15
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Rankins DR, Herrera MJ, Christensen MP, Chen A, Hood NZ, Heras J, German DP. When digestive physiology doesn't match "diet": Lumpenus sagitta (Stichaeidae) is an "omnivore" with a carnivorous gut. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 285:111508. [PMID: 37625480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
What an animal ingests and what it digests can be different. Thus, we examined the nutritional physiology of Lumpenus sagitta, a member of the family Stichaeidae, to better understand whether it could digest algal components like its better studied algivorous relatives. Although L. sagitta ingests considerable algal content, we found little evidence of algal digestion. This fish species has a short gut that doesn't show positive allometry with body size, low amylolytic activity that actually decreases as the fish grow, no ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme gene expression, elevated N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity (indicative of chitin breakdown), and an enteric microbial community that is consistent with carnivory and differs from members of its family that consume and digest algae. Hence, we are left concluding that L. sagitta is not capable of digesting the algae it consumes, and instead, are likely targeting epibionts on the algae itself, and other invertebrates consumed with the algae. Our study expands the coverage of dietary and digestive information for the family Stichaeidae, which is becoming a model for fish digestive physiology and genomics, and shows the power of moving beyond gut content analyses to better understand what an animal can actually digest and use metabolically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Rankins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA.
| | - Michelle J Herrera
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
| | - Michelle P Christensen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
| | - Alisa Chen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
| | - Newton Z Hood
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
| | - Joseph Heras
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
| | - Donovan P German
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
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16
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Lobo-da-Cunha A, Casartelli M, Tettamanti G. Editorial: Molecular physiology of invertebrate digestive system. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1304915. [PMID: 37900949 PMCID: PMC10603240 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1304915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha
- Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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17
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El-Sabaawi RW, Lemmen KD, Jeyasingh PD, Declerck SAJ. SEED: A framework for integrating ecological stoichiometry and eco-evolutionary dynamics. Ecol Lett 2023; 26 Suppl 1:S109-S126. [PMID: 37840025 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Characterising the extent and sources of intraspecific variation and their ecological consequences is a central challenge in the study of eco-evolutionary dynamics. Ecological stoichiometry, which uses elemental variation of organisms and their environment to understand ecosystem patterns and processes, can be a powerful framework for characterising eco-evolutionary dynamics. However, the current emphasis on the relative content of elements in the body (i.e. organismal stoichiometry) has constrained its application. Intraspecific variation in the rates at which elements are acquired, assimilated, allocated or lost is often greater than the variation in organismal stoichiometry. There is much to gain from studying these traits together as components of an 'elemental phenotype'. Furthermore, each of these traits can have distinct ecological effects that are underappreciated in the current literature. We propose a conceptual framework that explores how microevolutionary change in the elemental phenotype occurs, how its components interact with each other and with other traits, and how its changes can affect a wide range of ecological processes. We demonstrate how the framework can be used to generate novel hypotheses and outline pathways for future research that enhance our ability to explain, analyse and predict eco-evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana W El-Sabaawi
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberley D Lemmen
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Punidan D Jeyasingh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Steven A J Declerck
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Overduin TS, Wardill HR, Young RL, Page AJ, Gatford KL. Active glucose transport varies by small intestinal region and oestrous cycle stage in mice. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:865-873. [PMID: 37022128 PMCID: PMC10988461 DOI: 10.1113/ep091040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Body mass and food intake change during the female ovarian cycle: does glucose transport by the small intestine also vary? What is the main finding and its importance? We have optimised Ussing chamber methodology to measure region-specific active glucose transport in the small intestine of adult C57BL/6 mice. Our study provides the first evidence that jejunal active glucose transport changes during the oestrous cycle in mice, and is higher at pro-oestrus than oestrus. These results demonstrate adaptation in active glucose uptake, concurrent with previously reported changes in food intake. ABSTRACT Food intake changes across the ovarian cycle in rodents and humans, with a nadir during the pre-ovulatory phase and a peak during the luteal phase. However, it is unknown whether the rate of intestinal glucose absorption also changes. We therefore mounted small intestinal sections from C57BL/6 female mice (8-9 weeks old) in Ussing chambers and measured active ex vivo glucose transport via the change in short-circuit current (∆Isc ) induced by glucose. Tissue viability was confirmed by a positive ∆Isc response to 100 µM carbachol following each experiment. Active glucose transport, assessed after addition of 5, 10, 25 or 45 mM d-glucose to the mucosal chamber, was highest at 45 mM glucose in the distal jejunum compared to duodenum and ileum (P < 0.01). Incubation with the sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) inhibitor phlorizin reduced active glucose transport in a dose-dependent manner in all regions (P < 0.01). Active glucose uptake induced by addition of 45 mM glucose to the mucosal chamber in the absence or presence of phlorizin was assessed in jejunum at each oestrous cycle stage (n = 9-10 mice per stage). Overall, active glucose uptake was lower at oestrus compared to pro-oestrus (P = 0.025). This study establishes an ex vivo method to measure region-specific glucose transport in the mouse small intestine. Our results provide the first direct evidence that SGLT1-mediated glucose transport in the jejunum changes across the ovarian cycle. The mechanisms underlying these adaptations in nutrient absorption remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Sebastian Overduin
- School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Lifelong Health ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Richard L. Young
- Lifelong Health ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Amanda J. Page
- School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Lifelong Health ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kathryn L. Gatford
- School of BiomedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Lifelong Health ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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19
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Xie Z, Li Y, Xiong K, Tu Z, Waiho K, Yang C, Deng Y, Li S, K H Fang J, Hu M, Dupont S, Wang Y. Combined effect of salinity and hypoxia on digestive enzymes and intestinal microbiota in the oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 331:121921. [PMID: 37263564 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthropologic activities caused frequent eutrophication in coastal and estuarine waters, resulting in diel-cycling hypoxia. Given global climate change, extreme weather events often occur, thus salinity fluctuation frequently breaks out in these waters. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of salinity and hypoxia on intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes of Crassostrea hongkongensis. Specifically, we sequenced 16 S rRNA of intestinal microbiota and measured the digestive enzymes trypsin (TRS), lipase (LPS) and amylase (AMY) in oysters exposed for 28 days to three salinities (10, 25 and 35) and two dissolved oxygen conditions, normoxia (6 mg/L) and hypoxia (6 mg/L for 12 h, 2 mg/L for 12 h). Oysters in normoxia and salinity of 25 were treated as control. After 28-day exposure, for microbial components, Fusobacteriota, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota comprised the majority for all experimental groups. Compared with the control group, the diversity and structure of intestinal microbiota tended to change in all treated groups. The species richness in C. hongkongensis intestine also changed. It was the most significant that high salinity increased Proteobacteria proportion while low salinity and hypoxia increased Fusobacteriota but decreased Proteobacteria, respectively. Additionally, Actinobacteriota was sensitive and changed under environmental stressor (P < 0.01). The prediction results on intestinal microbiota showed that, all functions of oysters were up-regulated to distinct degrees under low/high salinity with hypoxia. According to the KEGG prediction, cellular processes were more active and energy metabolism upregulated, indicating the adaptation of C. hongkongensis to environmental change. Periodical hypoxia and low/high salinity had complex effect on the digestive enzymes, in which the activity of TRS and LPS decreased while AMY increased. High/low salinity and periodical hypoxia can change the secretion of digestive enzymes and influence intestinal microbial diversity and species richness of C. hongkongensis, deducing the chronic adverse effects on the digestive physiology in long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xie
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yuting Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kai Xiong
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhihan Tu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Khor Waiho
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, 21030, Malaysia
| | - Chuangye Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Saishuai Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - James K H Fang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 45178, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden; International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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20
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Lazarević J, Milanović S, Šešlija Jovanović D, Janković-Tomanić M. Temperature- and Diet-Induced Plasticity of Growth and Digestive Enzymes Activity in Spongy Moth Larvae. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050821. [PMID: 37238690 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature and food quality are the most important environmental factors determining the performance of herbivorous insects. The objective of our study was to evaluate the responses of the spongy moth (formerly known as the gypsy moth) [Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)] to simultaneous variation in these two factors. From hatching to the fourth instar, larvae were exposed to three temperatures (19 °C, 23 °C, and 28 °C) and fed four artificial diets that differed in protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) content. Within each temperature regime, the effects of the nutrient content (P+C) and ratio (P:C) on development duration, larval mass, growth rate, and activities of digestive proteases, carbohydrases, and lipase were examined. It was found that temperature and food quality had a significant effect on the fitness-related traits and digestive physiology of the larvae. The greatest mass and highest growth rate were obtained at 28 °C on a high-protein low-carbohydrate diet. A homeostatic increase in activity was observed for total protease, trypsin, and amylase in response to low substrate levels in the diet. A significant modulation of overall enzyme activities in response to 28 °C was detected only with a low diet quality. A decrease in the nutrient content and P:C ratio only affected the coordination of enzyme activities at 28 °C, as indicated by the significantly altered correlation matrices. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that variation in fitness traits in response to different rearing conditions could be explained by variation in digestion. Our results contribute to the understanding of the role of digestive enzymes in post-ingestive nutrient balancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelica Lazarević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Milanović
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemĕdĕlská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Darka Šešlija Jovanović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Janković-Tomanić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Wang H, Zhong Q, Lin J. Egg Yolk Antibody for Passive Immunization: Status, Challenges, and Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5053-5061. [PMID: 36960586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin Y (IgY) derived from hyperimmune egg yolk is a promising passive immune agent to combat microbial infections in humans and livestock. Numerous studies have been performed to develop specific egg yolk IgY for pathogen control, but with limited success. To date, the efficacy of commercial IgY products, which are all delivered through an oral route, has not been approved or endorsed by any regulatory authorities. Several challenging issues of the IgY-based passive immunization, which were not fully recognized and holistically discussed in previous publications, have impeded the development of effective egg yolk IgY products for humans and animals. This review summarizes major challenges of this technology, including in vivo stability, purification, heterologous immunogenicity, and repertoire diversity of egg yolk IgY. To tackle these challenges, potential solutions, such as encapsulation technologies to stabilize IgY, are discussed. Exploration of this technology to combat the COVID-19 pandemic is also updated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Wang
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Qixin Zhong
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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22
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Zhang W, Jiang A, Yu H, Dong B. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Functionally Segmented Intestine in Tunicate Ascidian. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6270. [PMID: 37047242 PMCID: PMC10094616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate intestinal system consists of separate segments that remarkably differ in morphology and function. However, the origin of intestinal segmentation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the segmentation of the intestine in a tunicate ascidian species, Ciona savignyi, by performing RNA sequencing. The gene expression profiles showed that the whole intestine was separated into three segments. Digestion, ion transport and signal transduction, and immune-related pathway genes were enriched in the proximal, middle, and distal parts of the intestine, respectively, implying that digestion, absorption, and immune function appear to be regional specializations in the ascidian intestine. We further performed a multi-species comparison analysis and found that the Ciona intestine showed a similar gene expression pattern to vertebrates, indicating tunicates and vertebrates might share the conserved intestinal functions. Intriguingly, vertebrate pancreatic homologous genes were expressed in the digestive segment of the Ciona intestine, suggesting that the proximal intestine might play the part of pancreatic functions in C. savignyi. Our results demonstrate that the tunicate intestine can be functionally separated into three distinct segments, which are comparable to the corresponding regions of the vertebrate intestinal system, offering insights into the functional evolution of the digestive system in chordates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - An Jiang
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laoshan Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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23
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Wehrle BA, German DP. Reptilian digestive efficiency: Past, present, and future. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 277:111369. [PMID: 36646309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Digestion and assimilation of nutrients and energy is central to survival. At its most basic level, investigations of digestion in animals must examine digestive efficiency, or how much of a given meal (i.e., energy) or a specific nutrient an organism can acquire from its food. There are many studies examining this in reptiles, but there is large variation in methodology, and thus, in the conclusions drawn from the gathered data. The majority rely on ratio-based analyses that can jeopardize the reliability of their findings. Therefore, we reviewed the literature to identify common themes in the digestive efficiency data on reptiles. Due to the sheer number of available studies, we largely focused on lizards, but included data on all reptilian groups. As an example of what the current data can reveal, we performed a meta-analysis of digestive efficiency in lizards as a function of temperature using regression analyses. We detected a weak positive trend of soluble carbohydrate digestibility as a function of temperature, but no similar trend in broad-scale digestive efficiency, and propose that these patterns be reevaluated with non-ratio data. We conclude with calls to end conducting analyses on ratios and instead employ covariate methods, for more studies of reptilian digestive efficiency and related processes using consistent methodology, more representation of each population (e.g., many studies focus on males only), and more detailed studies examining the effects of temperature on digestion (since the current data are inconclusive).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beck A Wehrle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Merion Ave, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA.
| | - Donovan P German
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. https://twitter.com/dgermanuci
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24
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Hu Y, Wang X, Xu Y, Yang H, Tong Z, Tian R, Xu S, Yu L, Guo Y, Shi P, Huang S, Yang G, Shi S, Wei F. Molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution in wild animals and plants. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:453-495. [PMID: 36648611 PMCID: PMC9843154 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Wild animals and plants have developed a variety of adaptive traits driven by adaptive evolution, an important strategy for species survival and persistence. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution is the key to understanding species diversification, phenotypic convergence, and inter-species interaction. As the genome sequences of more and more non-model organisms are becoming available, the focus of studies on molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution has shifted from the candidate gene method to genetic mapping based on genome-wide scanning. In this study, we reviewed the latest research advances in wild animals and plants, focusing on adaptive traits, convergent evolution, and coevolution. Firstly, we focused on the adaptive evolution of morphological, behavioral, and physiological traits. Secondly, we reviewed the phenotypic convergences of life history traits and responding to environmental pressures, and the underlying molecular convergence mechanisms. Thirdly, we summarized the advances of coevolution, including the four main types: mutualism, parasitism, predation and competition. Overall, these latest advances greatly increase our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms for diverse adaptive traits and species interaction, demonstrating that the development of evolutionary biology has been greatly accelerated by multi-omics technologies. Finally, we highlighted the emerging trends and future prospects around the above three aspects of adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Hu
- CAS Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yongchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zeyu Tong
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ran Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Lab of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Yalong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Shuangquan Huang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Suhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Lab of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Fuwen Wei
- CAS Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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25
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Bompadre TFV, Martinez MIV, Fernandes EAN, Sakita GZ, Abdalla AL, Hanigan MD, Louvandini H. Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection damages intestine brush board cells and could negatively impact postabsorptive parameters of Santa Ines lambs. Exp Parasitol 2023; 246:108464. [PMID: 36682720 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate histological, digestive and postabsorptive physiological parameters in Santa Ines lambs infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and fed different levels of phosphorus. Therefore, eighteen Santa Ines, castrated male, six-month old, healthy lambs (initial body weight 22.4 ± 2.7 kg) were distributed in one of four treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 split-plot arrangement: Sufficient dietary P level and uninfected (SPui; n = 4), Sufficient dietary P level and infected (SPi; n = 5), Deficient dietary P level and uninfected (DPui; n = 4), Deficient dietary P level and infected (DPi; n = 5). Infected lambs received, orally, a single pulse dose of 40.000 T. colubriformis infective larval stage (L3). Animals were fed Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon ssp.; 60%), and cassava meal and maize gluten meal (40%). Measurement of nutrient apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism were performed in individual metabolic stalls. To achieve the trial results, it was measured methane emissions in respiratory chambers, urine purine derivatives, ruminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), histological cuts of duodenal mucosal tissues and passage rates fluxes, analyzed by external (Yb, Cr, and Co) and internal (iNDF) markers. Statistical procedures were performed in R studio. The fixed main effects of treatment and the interactions were tested by ANOVA, and means compared by Duncan's test at 5% significance. Apparent digestibility was not affected by treatments, however, nitrogen retained decreased (P < 0.01) and urinary nitrogen losses increased (P < 0.01) in infected animals. Small intestine digesta content, empty segment weight, and length were higher in infected animals (P < 0.05). Passage rate was not majorly affected by infection or dietary P levels. Methane emissions, SCFA concentrations, and purine derivative excretion were also not affected by treatments. Regarding the histology, the vilosity weight (P < 0.05), and crypt depth (P < 0.01) decreased in infected animals. In conclusion, T. colubriformis infection can damage intestinal mucosa and affect nitrogen metabolism, but did not affect the digesta transit, and nutrient digestibility. The P dietary levels did not promote any modification in GIT physiological parameters tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago F V Bompadre
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria I V Martinez
- Radioisotope Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13418-000, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabete A N Fernandes
- Radioisotope Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13418-000, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Z Sakita
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark D Hanigan
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, 2470 Litton-Reaves Hall (0315), 175 West Campus Drive, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Short CA, Hahn DA. Fat enough for the winter? Does nutritional status affect diapause? JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 145:104488. [PMID: 36717056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many insects enter a dormant state termed diapause in anticipation of seasonal inhospitable conditions. Insects drastically reduce their feeding during diapause. Their reduced nutrient intake is paired with substantial nutrient costs: maintaining basal metabolism during diapause, repairing tissues damaged by adverse conditions, and resuming development after diapause. Many investigators have asked "Does nutrition affect diapause?" In this review, we survey the studies that have attempted to address this question. We propose the term nutritional status, a holistic view of nutrition that explicitly includes the perception, intake, and storage of the great breadth of nutrients. We examine the studies that have sought to test if nutrition affects diapause, trying to identify specific facets of nutritional status that affect diapause phenotypes. Curiously, low quality host plants during the diapause induction phase generally induce diapause, but food deprivation during the same phase generally averts diapause. Using the geometric framework of nutrition to identify specific dietary components that affect diapause may reconcile these contrasting findings. This framework can establish nutritionally permissive space, distinguishing nutrient changes that affect diapause from changes that induce other dormancies. Refeeding is another important experimental technique that distinguishes between diapause and quiescence, a non-diapause dormancy. We also find insufficient evidence for the hypothesis that nutrient stores regulate diapause length and suggest manipulations to investigate the role of nutrient stores in diapause termination. Finally, we propose mechanisms that could interface nutritional status with the diapause program, focusing on combined action of the nutritional axis between the gut, fat body, and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clancy A Short
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Daniel A Hahn
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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27
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Lal V, Naeem M, Asad M, Tanveer K, Zulfiqar A, Kausar S. Study of digestive enzymes in marine fish, Terapon jarbua, from Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e267508. [PMID: 36700586 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.267508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Current analysis were performed to investigate the activity of various digestive enzymes, such as lipases, proteases and amylases in gut and their relationship to the other morphometric variables in a wild marine fish, Terapon jarbua. The descriptive data of the studied traits included fish weight, fish total length, gut weight, gut length, relative gut length, relative gut mass, Fulton's condition factor, standard length and Zihler's index. Gut length showed positive correlation with fish total length and gut weight, relative gut length (RGL) showed positive correlation with gut length. Relative gut mass (RGM) also showed positive correlation with total length (TL), gut weight (GW) and gut length (GL). Fulton's condition factor showed positive correlation with fish weight, while negative correlation with fish total length and relative gut mass. Standard length displayed positive correlation with gut weight and gut length while, it showed negative correlation with Fulton's factor. Zihler's Index displayed positive correlation with gut length, RGL and Zihler's RGM while, while showed negative correlation with Fulton's factor and fish weight. Lipase showed negative correlation with gut weight. Amylase and protease activity have no correlation with other studied traits. Lipase activity displayed negative significant correlation with gut weight. Lipase activity showed significantly negative effect on gut-weight. Amylase activity on y-axis (PC2) contributed 13% in variation but not significantly correlated with first two principal components. It showed non-significant negative correlation with fish weight, fish length and Fulton's factor while positive but not-significant correlation with other traits. Protease has positive and non-significant correlation with fish weight, RGL, Fulton's factor, lipase and amylase while non-significant negative correlation with all other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lal
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Multan, Pakistan.,Emerson University Multan, Department of Zoology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - M Naeem
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Multan, Pakistan
| | - M Asad
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - K Tanveer
- University of Agriculture, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Zulfiqar
- University of Jhang, Department of Zoology, Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Kausar
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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28
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Quirós-Pozo R, Moyano FJ, Bainour K, Ramírez-Bolaños S, Ventura-Castellano A, Roo J, Robaina L. Evaluation of the Effects of Two Different Feeding Frequencies on the Digestive Biochemistry of Two Mullet Species ( Chelon labrosus and Liza aurata). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020287. [PMID: 36670827 PMCID: PMC9855105 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mullets (Mugilidae) present significant potential for sustainable aquaculture diversification due to their eurythermal, euryhaline, and low-trophic nature. However, the physiological differences and optimal cultured conditions among the diverse mullet species are quite unknown. For these reasons, the present study aimed to address two main objectives: (1) to characterize the differences in digestive biochemistry, somatic indexes, and body composition between two mullet species (Liza aurata and Chelon labrosus); and (2) to evaluate the interactions of two different feeding frequencies (one against three meals per day) on the above-mentioned parameters, and also on the potential bioavailability of nutrients determined using in vitro assays. The results evidenced higher protease and amylase activities for Chelon labrosus than for Liza aurata, while the latter species presented a higher percentage of eviscerated weight and muscle lipids. Furthermore, the results from in vitro assays supported the higher enzyme activity of Chelon labrosus by an observed increase in the release of amino acids and reducing sugars measured for this species. Regarding feeding patterns, the results of the in vitro assays simulating enzyme: substrate (E:S) ratios corresponding to one or three meals per day point to a clear increase of nutrient bioavailability when the daily ration is split into several meals. The present results improve the physiological knowledge of mullet species and define criteria to develop better management protocols by producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Quirós-Pozo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35214 Las Palmas, Spain
- Correspondence: or
| | - Francisco Javier Moyano
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Khalida Bainour
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35214 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Sara Ramírez-Bolaños
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35214 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Anais Ventura-Castellano
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35214 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Javier Roo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35214 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Lidia Robaina
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35214 Las Palmas, Spain
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Acharya S, Petzel EA, Hales KE, Underwood KR, Swanson KC, Bailey EA, Cammack KM, Brake DW. Effects of long-term postgastric infusion of casein or glutamic acid on small intestinal starch digestion and energy balance in cattle. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac329. [PMID: 36592759 PMCID: PMC9831104 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate effects of postruminal flows of casein or glutamic acid on small intestinal starch digestion and to quantify changes in energy and nutrient balance. Twenty-four steers (body weight = 179 ± 4 kg) were duodenally infused with raw cornstarch (1.46 ± 0.04 kg/d) and either 413 ± 7.0 g casein/d, 121 ± 3.6 g glutamic acid/d or water (control). Measures of small intestinal starch digestion and nutrient excretion were collected across 4 d after 42 d of infusion and measures of respiration via indirect calorimetry were collected across 2 d after 48 d of infusion. Ileal starch flow was least among calves provided casein, but ileal starch flow was not different between glutamic acid or control. Small intestinal starch digestion tended to be greatest among calves provided casein, least for glutamic acid and intermediate for control. Casein increased ileal flow of ethanol soluble oligosaccharides compared to glutamic acid and control. Large intestinal starch digestion was not different among treatments. By design, N intake was greatest among cattle provided casein, intermediate among calves provided glutamic acid and least for control. Nitrogen retention was greater in response to casein compared to control and glutamic acid. Intake of gross energy from feed was similar across treatments, and gross energy from infusate was greatest for casein, intermediate for glutamic acid and least for control. Variation in gross energy intake from feed resulted in no difference in overall gross energy intake across treatments. Similar to measures of small intestinal starch digestion and N retention, casein increased calories of digestible energy and metabolizable energy, compared to glutamic acid and control, which did not differ. Postruminal infusions did not influence methane production, but heat production was greatest in steers infused with casein, intermediate for steers provided glutamic acid, and least for control. Overall, amounts of energy retained by casein tended to be nearly 34% greater than control, but glutamic acid had no impact on energy balance. Improvement in small intestinal starch digestion in response to casein increased energy and N retained; however, glutamic acid did not influence small intestinal starch digestion and energy or N balance in cattle, which seems to suggest that responses in small intestinal starch digestion to greater postruminal flows of glutamic acid become refractory across greater durations of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Acharya
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Emily A Petzel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kristin E Hales
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Keith R Underwood
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Eric A Bailey
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kristi M Cammack
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Derek W Brake
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Wang X, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Shao S, Wang Q, Dong Z, Zhao J. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activities in Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to nanoplastics under different patterns of hypoxia. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105849. [PMID: 36565507 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the marine environment, plastic pollution may occur simultaneously with hypoxia. However, current ecological risk assessments of nanoplastics have rarely considered the impact of additional environmental factors, such as hypoxia. In this study, we investigated the effect of polystyrene nanospheres (PS-NPs) on the digestive performance (antioxidant system and digestive enzymes) of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis under different patterns of hypoxia (normoxia, constant hypoxia, and fluctuating hypoxia). The result showed that PS-NPs caused oxidative damage in the digestive glands of mussels, while all patterns of hypoxia exacerbated this oxidative damage. Activities of four digestive enzymes (α-amylase, cellulase, trypsin, and lipase) were examined. Among these, the activity of the α-amylase was inhibited by PS-NPs, and the inhibition was aggravated by all the hypoxia patterns. The cellulase activity and trypsin activity was enhanced by PS-NPs, and the increase was further stimulated by hypoxia. Lipase activity was not affected by PS-NPs alone, but significant inhibition was detected after the coexposure to PS-NPs and hypoxia. Conclusively, the combined stress of hypoxia and nanoplastics can significantly affect the digestive performance of mussels and may alter the mussel nutrient uptake strategy. Our work has provided new insight into the ecological risk assessment of plastics under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Shengyuan Shao
- Yantai Institute of China Agricultural University, Yantai, Shandong, 264670, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
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31
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Saghari M, Gal P, Grievink HW, Klaassen ES, Itano A, McHale D, Moerland M. Impact of oral administration of single strain Lactococcus lactis spp. cremoris on immune responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunization and gut microbiota: A randomized placebo-controlled trial in healthy volunteers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1009304. [PMID: 36582231 PMCID: PMC9793106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lactococcus lactis spp. cremoris has been associated with promising immunomodulatory results in preclinical trials. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of three monoclonal microbial formulations of L. lactis spp. cremoris (EDP1066) on the immune response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Potential effects on the gut microbiota were also investigated. Methods The trial was registered on Netherlands Trial Register (trial ID NL7519, https://trialsearch.who.int). Eighty-one healthy subjects (median 28, range 18-59 years) were randomized to 28 days of enteric-coated capsules at five doses (n = 13) (1.5 * 1012 total cells daily), freeze-dried powder at one dose (n = 12) (3.0 * 1011 total cells daily) or five doses (n = 12), minitablets at one dose (n = 12) or five doses (n = 12), or placebo (n = 20) prior to KLH immunization. Antibody responses and circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) were measured after KLH immunization, and skin responses were evaluated after a KLH rechallenge by laser speckle contrast imaging and multispectral imaging. Ex vivo lymphocyte (phytohemagglutinin) and monocyte (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) cytokine release assays were explored in the minitablet-treated groups only. The prevalence of L. lactis spp. cremoris in the gastrointestinal tract and the impact on the fecal microbiota were assessed by qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively. Results Repeated-measures analysis of covariances revealed no significant treatment effects on the antibody responses to KLH, number of Tregs, or KLH skin rechallenge outcomes. Ex vivo LPS-driven cytokine responses in whole blood were lower in the low dose minitablet group compared to placebo: tumor necrosis factor (estimated difference (ED) from placebo: -44.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -65.3% to -10.3%), interleukin (IL)-1β (ED -41.4%, 95% CI -63.5% to -5.8%), and IL-6 (ED -39.2%, 95% CI -56.8% to -14.5%). The fecal presence of L. lactis spp. cremoris increased during treatment by all EDP1066 formulations and normalized 5 days after the last dose. Microbiome α-diversity did not change by the treatments compared to placebo. Discussion The EDP1066 formulations did not affect the immune response to KLH immunization in healthy individuals. However, exposure to L. lactis spp. cremoris in minitablet formulation impacted ex vivo whole blood LPS cytokine response. The clinical impact of these effects awaits further investigations. Netherlands Trial Register trialsearch.who.int, trial ID NL7519.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Saghari
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pim Gal
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hendrika W. Grievink
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Andrea Itano
- Evelo Biosciences Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Duncan McHale
- Evelo Biosciences Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
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Diet evolution of carnivorous and herbivorous mammals in Laurasiatheria. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:82. [PMID: 35729512 PMCID: PMC9210794 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laurasiatheria contains taxa with diverse diets, while the molecular basis and evolutionary history underlying their dietary diversification are less clear. Results In this study, we used the recently developed molecular phyloecological approach to examine the adaptive evolution of digestive system-related genes across both carnivorous and herbivorous mammals within Laurasiatheria. Our results show an intensified selection of fat and/or protein utilization across all examined carnivorous lineages, which is consistent with their high-protein and high-fat diets. Intriguingly, for herbivorous lineages (ungulates), which have a high-carbohydrate diet, they show a similar selection pattern as that of carnivorous lineages. Our results suggest that for the ungulates, which have a specialized digestive system, the selection intensity of their digestive system-related genes does not necessarily reflect loads of the nutrient components in their diets but appears to be positively related to the loads of the nutrient components that are capable of being directly utilized by the herbivores themselves. Based on these findings, we reconstructed the dietary evolution within Laurasiatheria, and our results reveal the dominant carnivory during the early diversification of Laurasiatheria. In particular, our results suggest that the ancestral bats and the common ancestor of ruminants and cetaceans may be carnivorous as well. We also found evidence of the convergent evolution of one fat utilization-related gene, APOB, across carnivorous taxa. Conclusions Our molecular phyloecological results suggest that digestive system-related genes can be used to determine the molecular basis of diet differentiations and to reconstruct ancestral diets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-02033-6.
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Swanson MT, Henson MW, Handika H, Achmadi AS, Anita S, Rowe KC, Esselstyn JA. Mycoplasmataceae dominate microbial community differences between gut regions in mammals with a simple gut architecture. J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Faunivorous mammals with simple guts are thought to rely primarily on endogenously produced enzymes to digest food, in part because they lack fermentation chambers for facilitating mutualistic interactions with microbes. However, variation in microbial community composition along the length of the gastrointestinal tract has yet to be assessed in faunivorous species with simple guts. We tested for differences in bacterial taxon abundances and community compositions between the small intestines and colons of 26 individuals representing four species of shrew in the genus Crocidura. We sampled these hosts from a single locality on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, to control for potential geographic and temporal variation. Bacterial community composition differed significantly between the two gut regions and members of the family Mycoplasmataceae contributed substantially to these differences. Three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of an unclassified genus in this family were more abundant in the small intestine, whereas 1 OTU of genus Ureaplasma was more abundant in the colon. Species of Ureaplasma encode an enzyme that degrades urea, a metabolic byproduct of protein catabolism. Additionally, a Hafnia–Obesumbacterium OTU, a genus known to produce chitinase in bat gastrointestinal tracts, was also more abundant in the colon compared to the small intestine. The presence of putative chitinase- and urease-producing bacteria in shrew guts suggests mutualisms with microorganisms play a role in facilitating the protein-rich, faunivorous diets of simple gut mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Swanson
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, 119 Foster Hall, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 , USA
| | - Michael W Henson
- Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago , Illinois 60616 , USA
| | - Heru Handika
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, 119 Foster Hall, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 , USA
| | - Anang S Achmadi
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) , Cibinong 16912 , Indonesia
| | - Syahfitri Anita
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) , Cibinong 16912 , Indonesia
| | - Kevin C Rowe
- Sciences Department, Museums Victoria Research Institute , G.P.O. Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001 , Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne , Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Jacob A Esselstyn
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, 119 Foster Hall, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 , USA
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Suzuki Y, Kikuchi K, Numayama-Tsuruta K, Ishikawa T. Reciprocating intestinal flows enhance glucose uptake in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15310. [PMID: 36130988 PMCID: PMC9492717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its physiological and pathological importance, the mechanical relationship between glucose uptake in the intestine and intestinal flows is unclear. In the intestine of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the defecation motor program (DMP) causes reciprocating intestinal flows. Although the DMP is frequently activated in the intestines, its physiological function is unknown. We evaluated the mechanical signature of enhanced glucose uptake by the DMP in worms. Glucose uptake tended to increase with increasing flow velocity during the DMP because of mechanical mixing and transport. However, the increase in input energy required for the DMP was low compared with the calorie intake. The findings suggest that animals with gastrointestinal motility exploit the reciprocating intestinal flows caused by peristalsis to promote nutrient absorption by intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kenji Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Keiko Numayama-Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
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Dearing MD, Kaltenpoth M, Gershenzon J. Demonstrating the role of symbionts in mediating detoxification in herbivores. Symbiosis 2022; 87:59-66. [PMID: 36164313 PMCID: PMC9499882 DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPlant toxins constitute an effective defense against herbivorous animals. However, many herbivores have evolved adaptations to cope with dietary toxins through detoxification, excretion, sequestration, target site insensitivity and/or via behavioral avoidance. While these adaptations are often directly encoded in herbivore genomes, evidence is accumulating that microbial symbionts can reduce the dose of plant toxins by metabolizing or sequestering them prior to absorption by the herbivore. Here, we describe a few well-studied examples to assess such symbiont-mediated detoxification and showcase different approaches that have been used for their analyses. These include: (i) a host phenotypic route in which the symbiotic association is manipulated to reveal host fitness costs upon toxin exposure in the presence/absence of detoxifying symbionts, including function restoration after symbiont re-infection, (ii) a molecular microbiological approach that focuses on the identification and characterization of microbial genes involved in plant toxin metabolism, and (iii) an analytical chemical route that aims to characterize the conversion of the toxin to less harmful metabolites in vivo and link conversion to the activities of a detoxifying symbiont. The advantages and challenges of each approach are discussed, and it is argued that a multi-pronged strategy combining phenotypic, molecular, and chemical evidence is needed to unambiguously demonstrate microbial contributions to plant toxin reduction and the importance of these processes for host fitness. Given the interdisciplinary nature of the topic, we aim to provide a guideline to researchers interested in symbiont-mediated detoxification and hope to encourage future studies that contribute to a more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of detoxification in herbivores and their symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Denise Dearing
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str.8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Gastrointestinal Biogeography of Luminal Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Sika Deer (Cervus nippon). Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0049922. [PMID: 35950850 PMCID: PMC9469704 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00499-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota of sika deer has been widely investigated, but the spatial distribution of symbiotic microbes among physical niches in the gastrointestinal tract remains to be established. While feces are the most commonly used biological samples in these studies, the accuracy of fecal matter as a proxy of the microbiome at other gastrointestinal sites is as yet unknown. In the present study, luminal contents obtained along the longitudinal axis of deer gastrointestinal tract (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, cecum, colon, and rectum) were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing for profiling of the microbial composition, and samples from the rumen, small intestine, and cecum were subjected to metabolomic analysis to evaluate short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles. Prevotella bacteria were the dominant gastric core microbes, while Christensenellaceae_R-7_group was predominantly observed in the intestine. While the eight gastrointestinal sites displayed variations in microbial diversity, abundance, and function, they could be clustered into stomach, small intestine, and large intestine segments, and the results further highlighted a specific microbial niche of the small intestine. SCFA levels in the rumen, small intestine, and cecum were significantly different, with Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes were shown to play a critical role in SCFA production. Finally, the rectal microbial composition was significantly correlated with colonic and cecum communities but not those of the small intestine and four gastric sites. Quantification of the compositions and biogeographic relationships between gut microbes and SCFAs in sika deer should provide valuable insights into the interactions contributing to microbial functions and metabolites. IMPORTANCE Feces or specific segments of the gastrointestinal tract (in particular, the rumen) were sampled to explore the gut microbiome. The gastrointestinal biogeography of the luminal microbiota in ruminants, which is critical to guide accurate sampling for different purposes, is poorly understood at present. The microbial community of the rectal sample (as a proxy of fecal sample) showed higher correlation with those of other large intestinal sites relative to the small intestine or stomach, suggesting that the microbial composition is specifically shaped by the unique physiological characteristics of different gastrointestinal niches. In addition, significant differences in microbiomes and SCFAs were observed among the different gastrointestinal sites.
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Basic M, Dardevet D, Abuja PM, Bolsega S, Bornes S, Caesar R, Calabrese FM, Collino M, De Angelis M, Gérard P, Gueimonde M, Leulier F, Untersmayr E, Van Rymenant E, De Vos P, Savary-Auzeloux I. Approaches to discern if microbiome associations reflect causation in metabolic and immune disorders. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2107386. [PMID: 35939623 PMCID: PMC9361767 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2107386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of microorganisms residing within our gut and their roles in the host metabolism and immunity advanced greatly over the past 20 years. Currently, microbiome studies are shifting from association and correlation studies to studies demonstrating causality of identified microbiome signatures and identification of molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions. This transformation is crucial for the efficient translation into clinical application and development of targeted strategies to beneficially modulate the intestinal microbiota. As mechanistic studies are still quite challenging to perform in humans, the causal role of microbiota is frequently evaluated in animal models that need to be appropriately selected. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on approaches that can be applied in addressing causality of host-microbe interactions in five major animal model organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, zebrafish, rodents, and pigs). We particularly focused on discussing methods available for studying the causality ranging from the usage of gut microbiota transfer, diverse models of metabolic and immune perturbations involving nutritional and chemical factors, gene modifications and surgically induced models, metabolite profiling up to culture-based approached. Furthermore, we addressed the impact of the gut morphology, physiology as well as diet on the microbiota composition in various models and resulting species specificities. Finally, we conclude this review with the discussion on models that can be applied to study the causal role of the gut microbiota in the context of metabolic syndrome and host immunity. We hope this review will facilitate important considerations for appropriate animal model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Peter Michael Abuja
- Diagnostic & Research Centre of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Bolsega
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Bornes
- University Clermont Auvergne, Inrae, VetAgro Sup, Umrf, Aurillac, France
| | - Robert Caesar
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Massimo Collino
- Rita Levi-Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Science, “Aldo Moro” University Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Philippe Gérard
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, IPLA-CSIC;Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - François Leulier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR5242 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelien Van Rymenant
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Ilvo), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Paul De Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France,CONTACT Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Leigh SC, Catabay C, German DP. Sustained changes in digestive physiology and microbiome across sequential generations of zebrafish fed different diets. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 273:111285. [PMID: 35961610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alterations to ratios of protein and fiber in an organism's diet have been shown to structurally and functionally alter its individual digestive physiology. However, it is unclear how these dietary changes may affect phenotypic changes across generations. We utilized feeding trials, morphological analyses, enzyme activities, and 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiome of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to determine how variations to fiber and protein concentrations, kept consistent across sequential generations, affect phenotypic changes. Our results show that Parental (P) and first generation (F1) fish did not differ from each other in terms of their intestine length, intestine mass, enzyme activity levels, and microbial community composition for any of the three experimental diets (high-protein/low-fiber, moderate-protein/fiber, and low-protein/high-fiber). However, each of the three experimental diets for the P and F1 fish, as well as the ancestral diet fish, did have distinct microbial community structure from one another. This indicates that there is a strong dietary effect on digestive physiology and gut microbial community and that these effects are consistent when the diet is kept homogenous across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Leigh
- Department of Biology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA.
| | - Caitlyn Catabay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Donovan P German
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. https://twitter.com/dgermanuci
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Liu Y, Li X, Li Y, Li J, Zhu S. Gut microbiomes of cyprinid fish exhibit host-species symbiosis along gut trait and diet. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:936601. [PMID: 36016786 PMCID: PMC9396210 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.936601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost omnivorous fish that coexist partially sharing resources are likely to modify their gut traits and microbiome as a feedback mechanism between ecological processes and evolution. However, we do not understand how the core gut microbiome supports the metabolic capacity of the host and regulates digestive functions in specialized omnivorous fish gut traits. Therefore, we evaluated the gut microbiome of eight omnivorous fish from a single family (i.e., Cyprinidae) in the current study. We examined the correlation between host phylogeny, diet composition, and intestinal morphological traits related to the intestinal microbiome. The results indicated that cyprinid fish with similar relative gut lengths had considerable gut microbiome similarity. Notably, the SL (short relative gut length) group, as zoobenthos and zooplankton specialists, was abundant in Proteobacteria and was less abundant in Firmicutes than in the ML (medium relative gut length) and LL (long relative gut length) groups. These fish could extract nutrients from aquatic plants and algae. Additionally, we found the relative abundance of Clostridium and Romboutsia to be positively correlated with host relative gut length but negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Cetobacterium, Plesiomonas, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus, and host-relative gut length. We also show a positive linear relationship between host gut microbiome carbohydrate metabolism and relative gut length, while the amino acid and lipid metabolism of the gut microbiome was negatively correlated with host-relative gut length. In addition, omnivorous species competing for resources improve their ecological adaptability through the specialization of gut length, which is closely related to variation in the synergy of the gut microbiome. Above all, specialized gut microbiota and associated gut morphologies enable fish to variably tolerate resource fluctuation and improve the utilization efficiency of nutrient extraction from challenging food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiu Liu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of National Fisheries Resources and Environment, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of National Fisheries Resources and Environment, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of National Fisheries Resources and Environment, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuli Zhu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of National Fisheries Resources and Environment, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Viral biogeography of the mammalian gut and parenchymal organs. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1301-1311. [PMID: 35918425 PMCID: PMC7614033 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian virome has been linked to health and disease but our understanding of how it is structured along the longitudinal axis of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and other organs is limited. Here, we report a metagenomic analysis of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic virome occupying luminal and mucosa-associated habitats along the GIT, as well as parenchymal organs (liver, lung and spleen), in two representative mammalian species, the domestic pig and rhesus macaque (six animals per species). Luminal samples from the large intestine of both mammals harboured the highest loads and diversity of bacteriophages (class Caudoviricetes, family Microviridae and others). Mucosal samples contained much lower viral loads but a higher proportion of eukaryotic viruses (families Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Parvoviridae). Parenchymal organs contained bacteriophages of gut origin, in addition to some eukaryotic viruses. Overall, GIT virome composition was specific to anatomical region and host species. Upper GIT and mucosa-specific viruses were greatly under-represented in distal colon samples (a proxy for faeces). Nonetheless, certain viral and phage species were ubiquitous in all samples from the oral cavity to the distal colon. The dataset and its accompanying methodology may provide an important resource for future work investigating the biogeography of the mammalian gut virome.
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41
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Frederick AR, Lee AM, Wehrle BA, Catabay CC, Rankins DR, Clements KD, German DP. Abalone under moderate heat stress have elevated metabolic rates and changes to digestive enzyme activities. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 270:111230. [PMID: 35537602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abalone around the world are subject to increasing frequency of marine heatwaves, yet we have a limited understanding of how acute high temperature events impact the physiology of these commercially and ecologically important species. This study examines the impact of a 5 °C temperature increase over ambient conditions for six weeks on the metabolic rates, digestive enzyme activities in the digestive gland, and digestive efficiency of Red Abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and Pāua (H. iris) on their natural diets. We test the hypothesis that abalone digestive function can keep pace with this increased metabolic demand in two separate experiments, one for each species. H. iris had higher food intake in the heat treatment. Both species had higher metabolic rates in the heat treatment with Q10 = 1.73 and Q10 = 2.46 for H. rufescens and H. iris, respectively. Apparent organic matter digestibility, protein digestibility, and carbohydrate digestibility did not differ between the heat treatment and the ambient (control) treatment in either experiment. H. rufescens exhibited higher maltase, alanine-aminopeptidase, and leucine-aminopeptidase activities in the heat treatment. Amylase, β-glucosidase, trypsin, and alkaline phosphatase activities in the digestive gland tissue did not differ between temperature treatments. H. iris exhibited lower amylase and β-glucosidase activities in the heat treatment, while maltase, trypsin, leucine-aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase activities did not differ between treatments. We conclude that over six weeks of moderate heat stress both abalone species were able to maintain digestive function, but achieved this maintenance in species-specific ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Frederick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Ariana M Lee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Beck A Wehrle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Caitlyn C Catabay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Daniel R Rankins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Kendall D Clements
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Donovan P German
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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42
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Yuan H, Gao B, Wu C, Zhang L, Li H, Xiao Y, Wu K. Genome of the hoverfly Eupeodes corollae provides insights into the evolution of predation and pollination in insects. BMC Biol 2022; 20:157. [PMID: 35794591 PMCID: PMC9261035 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) including Eupeodes corollae are important insects worldwide that provide dual ecosystem services including pest control and pollination. The larvae are dominant predators of aphids and can be used as biological control agents, and the adults are efficient pollinators. The different feeding habits of larvae and adults make hoverflies a valuable genetic resource for understanding the mechanisms underlying the evolution and adaptation to predation and pollination in insects. Results Here, we present a 595-Mb high-quality reference genome of the hoverfly E. corollae, which is typical of an aphid predator and a pollinator. Comparative genomic analyses of E. corollae and Coccinellidae (ladybugs, aphid predators) shed light on takeout genes (3), which are involved in circadian rhythms and feeding behavior and might regulate the feeding behavior of E. corollae in a circadian manner. Genes for sugar symporter (12) and lipid transport (7) related to energy production in E. corollae had homologs in pollinator honeybees and were absent in predatory ladybugs. A number of classical cytochrome P450 detoxification genes, mainly CYP6 subfamily members, were greatly expanded in E. corollae. Notably, comparative genomic analyses of E. corollae and other aphidophagous hoverflies highlighted three homologous trypsins (Ecor12299, Ecor12301, Ecor2966). Transcriptome analysis showed that nine trypsins, including Ecor12299, Ecor12301, and Ecor2966, are strongly expressed at the larval stage, and 10 opsin genes, which are involved in visual perception, are significantly upregulated at the adult stage of E. corollae. Conclusions The high-quality genome assembly provided new insights into the genetic basis of predation and pollination by E. corollae and is a valuable resource for advancing studies on genetic adaptations and evolution of hoverflies and other natural enemies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01356-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bojia Gao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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43
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Yawitz TA, Barts N, Kohl KD. Comparative digestive morphology and physiology of five species of Peromyscus under controlled environment and diet. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 271:111265. [PMID: 35760269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Digestive morphology and physiology differ across animal species, with many comparative studies uncovering relationships between animal ecology or diet, and the morphology and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. However, many of these studies compare wild-caught animals feeding on uncontrolled diets and compare broadly related taxa. Thus, few studies have disentangled the phenotypic consequences of genetics from those potentially caused by the environment, especially across closely related species that occupy similar ecological niches. Here, we examined differences in digestive morphology and physiology of five closely related species of Peromyscus mice that were captive bred under identical environmental conditions and identical diets for multiple generations. Using phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) of species means to control for body size, we identified a phylogenetic signal in the mass of the foregut and length of the small intestine across species. As proportions of total gut mass, we identified phylogenetic signals in relative foregut and small intestine masses, indicating that the sizes of these structures are more similar among closely related species. Finally, we detected differences in activities of the protease aminopeptidase-N enzyme across species. Overall, we demonstrate fine-scale differences in digestive morphology and physiology among closely related species. Our results suggest that Peromyscus could provide a system for future studies to explore the interplay between natural history, morphology, and physiology (e.g. ecomorphology and ecophysiology), and to investigate the genetic architecture that underlies gut anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tate A Yawitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nick Barts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Kevin D Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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44
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Dearing MD, Weinstein SB. Metabolic Enabling and Detoxification by Mammalian Gut Microbes. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:579-596. [PMID: 35671535 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-111121-085333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The longstanding interactions between mammals and their symbionts enable thousands of mammal species to consume herbivorous diets. The microbial communities in mammals degrade both plant fiber and toxins. Microbial toxin degradation has been repeatedly documented in domestic ruminants, but similar work in wild mammals is more limited due to constraints on sampling and manipulating the microbial communities in these species. In this review, we briefly describe the toxins commonly encountered in mammalian diets, major classes of biotransformation enzymes in microbes and mammals, and the gut chambers that house symbiotic microbes. We next examine evidence for microbial detoxification in domestic ruminants before providing case studies on microbial toxin degradation in both foregut- and hindgut-fermenting wild mammals. We end by discussing species that may be promising for future investigations, and the advantages and limitations of approaches currently available for studying degradation of toxins by mammalian gut microbes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Denise Dearing
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;
| | - Sara B Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;
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45
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Brand W, van Kesteren PCE, Swart E, Oomen AG. Overview of potential adverse health effects of oral exposure to nanocellulose. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:217-246. [PMID: 35624082 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2069057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is an emerging material for which several food-related applications are foreseen, for example, novel food, functional food, food additive or in food contact materials. Nanocellulose materials can display a range of possible shapes (fibers, crystals), sizes and surface modifications. For food-related applications in the EU, information on the safety of substances must be assessed. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on (possible) adverse health effects of nanocellulose upon oral exposure, keeping EU regulatory aspects in mind. The overview indicates that toxicity data, especially from in vivo studies, are limited and outcomes are not unambiguous. The hazard assessment is further complicated by: the diversity in morphologies and surface modifications, lack of standard reference materials, limited knowledge about intestinal fate and absorption, analytical difficulties in biological matrices, dispersion issues, the possible presence of impurities and interferences within biological assays. Two subchronic in vivo toxicity studies show no indications of toxicity for two specific nanocellulose materials, even at high doses. However, these studies may have missed certain early or nano-specific toxic effects, such as inflammation potential, for which other, subacute studies provide some indications. Most in vitro studies show no cytotoxicity; however, several indicate that effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses depend on differences in size or surface treatments. Further, too few studies assessed genotoxicity of nanocelluloses. Therefore, immunotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity require further attention, as do absorption and effects on nutrient uptake. Recommendations for future research facilitating the safety assessment and safe-by-design of nanocellulose in food-related applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Brand
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Petra C E van Kesteren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elmer Swart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes G Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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46
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Evans SE, Zandonà E, Amaral JR, Fitzpatrick SW. Shifts in gut microbiome across five decades of repeated guppy translocations in Trinidadian streams. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211955. [PMID: 35611540 PMCID: PMC9130790 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An organism's gut microbiome can alter its fitness, yet we do not know how gut microbiomes change as their hosts evolve in the wild. We took advantage of a five-decade 'chronosequence' of translocated fish populations to examine associated changes in the gut microbiome. Populations of Trinidadian guppies have displayed parallel phenotypic convergence six times when moved from high predation (HP) to low predation (LP) environments. Across four drainages, we found microbiomes of fish translocated 5-6 years prior to sampling were already distinct from the microbiomes of their HP source populations. Changes in environmental conditions were most important in driving this shift, followed by phenotypic shifts in gut morphology. After 30-60 years in LP environments, microbiome composition was still distinct from native LP populations, but microbiome function was not. We found some evidence that nitrogen fixation enhanced gut nutrient absorption, but most functional shifts were not parallel across drainages. Stream-and drainage-specific signatures were present for both composition and function, despite our overall finding of consistent microbiome change across drainages. As we unravel the complexities of host-microbiome evolution in the wild, studies should consider environmental microbial colonization, host phenotypic plasticity in nature, and more realistic environmental conditions excluded from laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Evans
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, 3700 E. Gull Lake Dr., Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA,Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - E. Zandonà
- Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J. Ribeiro Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - S. W. Fitzpatrick
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, 3700 E. Gull Lake Dr., Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA,Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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47
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Stapleton TE, Weinstein SB, Greenhalgh R, Dearing MD. Successes and limitations of quantitative diet metabarcoding in a small, herbivorous mammal. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2573-2586. [PMID: 35579046 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
DNA metabarcoding is widely used to determine wild animal diets, however whether this technique provides accurate, quantitative measurements is still under debate. To test our ability to accurately estimate abundance of dietary items using metabarcoding, we fed wild caught desert woodrats (Neotoma lepida) diets comprised of constant amounts of juniper (Juniperus osteosperma, 15%) and varying amounts of creosote (Larrea tridentata, 1-60%), or cactus (Opuntia sp., 0-100%), and commercial chow (0-85%). Using metabarcoding, we compared the representation of items in the original diet samples to that in the fecal samples to test the sensitivity and accuracy of diet metabarcoding, the performance of different bioinformatic pipelines, and our ability to correct sequence counts. Metabarcoding, using standard trnL primers, detected creosote, juniper, and chow. Different pipelines for assigning taxonomy performed similarly. While creosote was detectable at dietary proportions as low as 1%, we failed to detect cactus in most samples, likely due to a primer mismatch. Creosote read counts increased as its proportion in the diet increased, and we could differentiate when creosote was a minor and major component of the diet. However, we found that estimates of juniper and creosote varied. Using previously suggested methods to correct these errors did not improve accuracy estimates of creosote, but did reduce error for juniper and chow. Our results indicate that metabarcoding can provide quantitative information on dietary composition, but may be limited. We suggest that researchers use caution in quantitatively interpreting diet metabarcoding results unless they first experimentally determine the extent of possible biases.
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48
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Camila A, Mariano GC, Alejandra LM. Prejuveniles of Mugil liza (Actinopterygii; Fam. Mugilidae) show digestive and metabolic flexibility upon different postprandial times and refeeding. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:561-573. [PMID: 35513525 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many animals face periods of feeding restrictions implying fasting and refeeding. The determination of digestive/metabolic and body condition parameters at different times of food deprivation and after refeeding allows to evaluate the postprandial dynamics, the transition from feeding to fasting and the capacity to reverse digestive and metabolic alterations. In spite of its physiological importance, studies on estuarine-dependent detritivore fish are lacking. We determined total mass (TM), relative intestine length (RIL), hepatosomatic index (HSI), digestive enzymes activities in the intestine and energy reserves in liver and muscle at 0, 24, 72, 144 and 240 h after feeding and at 72 h after refeeding in prejuveniles of Mugil liza (Mugilidae) as a model species. After feeding, a decrease occurred in: TM (144 h, 25%), RIL (144 h, 23%); amylase and maltase (72 h, 45 and 35%), sucrase (24 h, 40%) and lipase (24 h, 70%) in intestine; glycogen and free glucose (72 h, 90 and 92%) in liver. In muscle, glycogen (72-144 h) and free glucose (144 h) (170% and 165%, respectively) peak increased; triglycerides decreased at 24-240 h (50%). After refeeding TM, RIL, carbohydrases activities in intestine, glycogen and free glucose in liver were recovered. In muscle, glycogen and free glucose were similar to 0 h; lipase activity and triglycerides were not recovered. Trypsin and APN in intestine, triglycerides in liver, protein in liver and muscle and HSI did not change. The differential modulation of key components of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism after feeding/refeeding would allow to face fasting and recover body condition. Our results improve lacking knowledge about digestive and metabolic physiology of detritivore fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albanesi Camila
- Grupo Fisiología Bioquímica, Integrativa y Adaptativa, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata CONICET-FCEyN, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - González-Castro Mariano
- Grupo Fisiología Bioquímica, Integrativa y Adaptativa, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata CONICET-FCEyN, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - López-Mañanes Alejandra
- Grupo Fisiología Bioquímica, Integrativa y Adaptativa, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata CONICET-FCEyN, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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49
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Seyedalmoosavi MM, Mielenz M, Veldkamp T, Daş G, Metges CC. Growth efficiency, intestinal biology, and nutrient utilization and requirements of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae compared to monogastric livestock species: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:31. [PMID: 35509031 PMCID: PMC9069764 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest in the larvae of black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) as a sustainable protein resource for livestock feed has increased considerably. However, knowledge on the nutritional and physiological aspects of this insect, especially compared to other conventional farmed animals is scarce. This review presents a critical comparison of data on the growth potential and efficiency of the BSF larvae (BSFL) compared to conventional monogastric livestock species. Advantages of BSFL over other monogastric livestock species includes their high growth rate and their ability to convert low-grade organic waste into high-quality protein and fat-rich biomass suitable for use in animal feed. Calculations using literature data suggest that BSFL are more efficient than broilers, pigs and fish in terms of conversion of substrate protein into body mass, but less efficient than broilers and fish in utilization of substrate gross energy to gain body mass. BSFL growth efficiency varies greatly depending on the nutrient quality of their dietary substrates. This might be associated with the function of their gastrointestinal tract, including the activity of digestive enzymes, the substrate particle characteristics, and their intestinal microbial community. The conceived advantage of BSFL having an environmental footprint better than conventional livestock is only true if BSFL is produced on low-grade organic waste and its protein would directly be used for human consumption. Therefore, their potential role as a new species to better close nutrient cycles in agro-ecological systems needs to be reconsidered, and we conclude that BSFL is a complementary livestock species efficiently utilizing organic waste that cannot be utilized by other livestock. In addition, we provide comparative insight into morpho-functional aspects of the gut, characterization of digestive enzymes, gut microbiota and fiber digestion. Finally, current knowledge on the nutritional utilization and requirements of BSFL in terms of macro- and micro-nutrients is reviewed and found to be rather limited. In addition, the research methods to determine nutritional requirements of conventional livestock are not applicable for BSFL. Thus, there is a great need for research on the nutrient requirements of BSFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Seyedalmoosavi
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Manfred Mielenz
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Teun Veldkamp
- Wageningen UR, Livestock Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700AH, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gürbüz Daş
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Fasce B, Ródenas L, López MC, Moya VJ, Pascual JJ, Cambra-López M. Nutritive Value of Wheat Bran Diets Supplemented With Fresh Carrots and Wet Brewers' Grains in Yellow Mealworm. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:7. [PMID: 35560003 PMCID: PMC9105008 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of supplementation of a wheat bran (WB) diet with fresh carrots (FC) or wet brewer's grains (WBG) on the growth performance and chemical composition of Tenebrio molitor larvae. Additionally, a digestibility trial was performed to determine the nutritional value of the raw materials used. The control diet was based on WB-only. Two other diets were formulated in which WB was supplemented with FC (FC diet) or with WBG (WBG diet). The experiment was conducted in trays (12 per treatment) and lasted 90 d. Larval weight, feed intake, and excreted feces were controlled in each tray the experiment. The digestibility trial was performed from 48 to 62 d post-hatch. Results showed digestibility coefficients of ashes, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly higher in FC diet compared with the other diets. Consequently, both digestible energy (DE) and digestible protein (DP) contents of FC were also significantly higher than those obtained for WB and WBG diets (on av. +1.12 megajoule [MJ] DE and +9.15 g DP per kg dry matter [DM]; P < 0.003). Mealworms fed FC diet showed significantly higher final weight and average daily gain than those fed the WBG diet (+12.4%), being higher in WBG than in WB diet (+3.5%). Dietary treatment did not affect DM, ashes, ether extract, and crude protein content of mealworms obtained. Some dietary effects on amino acid and fatty acid composition were observed. This study provides novel data and a unique experimental approach to assess the nutritional value of raw materials in mealworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fasce
- Feedect, Calle de la Buitrera, 6, 46180 Valencia, Spain
| | - L Ródenas
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M C López
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - V J Moya
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J J Pascual
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Cambra-López
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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