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Ip KI, Wen W, Sim L, Chen S, Kim SY. Associations of Household and Neighborhood Contexts and Hair Cortisol Among Mexican-Origin Adolescents From Low-Income Immigrant Families. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22519. [PMID: 38922899 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Although neighborhood contexts serve as upstream determinants of health, it remains unclear how these contexts "get under the skin" of Mexican-origin youth, who are disproportionately concentrated in highly disadvantaged yet co-ethnic neighborhoods. The current study examines the associations between household and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), neighborhood racial-ethnic and immigrant composition, and hair cortisol concentration (HCC)-a physiological index of chronic stress response-among Mexican-origin adolescents from low-income immigrant families in the United States. A total of 297 (54.20% female; mage = 17.61, SD = 0.93) Mexican-origin adolescents had their hair cortisol collected, and their residential addresses were geocoded and merged with the American Community Survey. Neighborhoods with higher Hispanic-origin and foreign-born residents were associated with higher neighborhood disadvantage, whereas neighborhoods with higher non-Hispanic White and domestic-born residents were associated with higher neighborhood affluence. Mexican-origin adolescents living in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Hispanic-origin residents showed lower levels of HCC, consistent with the role of the ethnic enclave. In contrast, adolescents living in more affluent neighborhoods showed higher levels of HCC, possibly reflecting a physiological toll. No association was found between household SES and HCC. Our findings underscore the importance of taking sociocultural contexts and person-environment fit into consideration when understanding how neighborhoods influence adolescents' stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka I Ip
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Lester Sim
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanting Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Florida City, Florida, USA
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Kuwayama K, Miyaguchi H, Kanamori T, Tsujikawa K, Yamamuro T, Segawa H, Okada Y, Iwata YT. Effects of natural environments on drug contents in nails: comparison of drug residual rates between nails and hair to determine the drug-use history of corpses in unnatural death cases using micro-segmental analysis. Forensic Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s11419-024-00701-4. [PMID: 39122973 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-024-00701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously developed evaluation methods using micro-segmental analysis (MSA) to examine the effects of external environments on drug content in hair and nails. In this study, the effects of the natural environmental factors (water, temperature, humidity, light, and soil) on drug contents in nails were examined and compared with our previous experimental data on hair. METHODS Four hay-fever medicines were used as model drugs (fexofenadine, epinastine, cetirizine, and desloratadine) to evaluate drug stability in the nails. Reference nails containing the four medicines were collected from patients with hay fever who ingested the medicines daily for four months. The nails were exposed to various natural environments for up to four months. RESULTS The effects of temperature, humidity, and light on drug contents in the nails were comparatively small. Soil significantly decomposed the nail surfaces and decreased the drug content of the nails (up to 17 %). Water also decreased the drug content (up to 12 %), although no apparent changes in nail surfaces were observed. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with hair data obtained under the same environmental conditions, light affected drugs in the hair rather than in nails, whereas water and soil greatly affected drugs in the nails rather than in hair. Although the disposition of drugs incorporated in the tissues differed between nails and hair, the analytes were detected in nails and hair strands left in severe natural environments. MSA could be useful for estimating drug-use histories and personal profiles using the nails and hair of a corpse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kuwayama
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Hajime Miyaguchi
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kanamori
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsujikawa
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamuro
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hiroki Segawa
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Yuki Okada
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Yuko T Iwata
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
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Venkatesh S, Doan SN. Feeding under fire: Relations between parental stress hormones and controlling feeding behaviors. Appetite 2024; 198:107365. [PMID: 38640970 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Under stress, parents tend to use more controlling feeding behaviors toward their children (Berge et al., 2017; Doan et al., 2022; Loth et al., 2016). However, the majority of prior work focuses on subjective reports of stress, and there is a dearth of research examining parental physiological stress and its impact on feeding behaviors. In the current study, we examined how parental physiological stress reactivity would influence their feeding behaviors under mild stress in a lab-based setting. Parents (n = 83, 50 % females) and their children (59% female, Mage = 42 months, SD = 4.48) participated. Stress was induced using the Trier Social Stress Test in the laboratory (Kirshbaum et al., 1993). Salivary samples were collected at 4 time points during the visit to index stress reactivity and later assayed for cortisol and DHEA. Parent-child interactions during the anticipatory period of the stress test were observationally coded for parent use of controlling feeding behaviors. To examine whether parent stress physiology predicts their feeding behaviors, we ran a Poisson regression using income, parent ethnicity, parent sex (mom/dad), time of day, and DHEA/cortisol ratio as predictors of controlling feeding behavior. Latinx parents used less controlling feeding behaviors, b = -0.323, p = 0.041 than non-Latinx parents. Parents with a higher DHEA/Cortisol ratio were less likely to use controlling feeding behaviors, b = -0.231, p = 0.008. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that for both mothers and fathers, DHEA relative to cortisol has a protective role in controlling feeding practices, and lends support to the role of acute stress reactivity in predicting behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Venkatesh
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, USA.
| | - Stacey N Doan
- Department of Psychological Science, Claremont Mckenna College and Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, USA
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Rapp L, Pollatos O. Examining parental stress and its link to hair cortisol and DHEA levels in kindergartners. Psychol Health 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38679909 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2347659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental work-family conflict (WFC) and parental household income have been linked to negative outcomes for children. So far, no study has associated these two stressors with the hair concentration of cortisol (HCC) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in kindergarteners as a measurement of their objective stress. METHODS AND MEASURES 44 children (40.91% female) with a mean age of 5.16 years and their parents participated in this cross-sectional study. Children's cortisol and DHEA measurements reflected the hormones produced over the past two months. Parents filled out questionnaires concerning their WFC and parenting behavior. RESULTS Higher maternal WFC and a lower parental net household income were negatively associated with the DHEA and positively with HCC/DHEA ratio of their children. No significant associations were found between HCC and any included variables. Paternal WFC had no impact on the stress hormones and negatively affected parenting behavior of both parents. Levels of stress hormones were not correlated with parenting behavior. CONCLUSION The present results indicated a higher stress exposure in children of mothers with a higher WFC and lower net household income. Conceivably, this may have led to an accumulation of allostatic load. Potential influences of demographic variables on the children's hormones are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Rapp
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Kuwayama K, Miyaguchi H, Kanamori T, Tsujikawa K, Yamamuro T, Segawa H, Okada Y, Iwata YT. Development of a method to evaluate the effects of external environments on drug stability in nails using micro-segmental analysis. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38631699 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nails can be used as an alternative to hair for examining past drug use. However, daily hand-and-nail care can eliminate the internal drugs. Therefore, we developed an evaluation method to examine the effects of the external environment on drug stability in nails using micro-segmental analysis. First, reference nails containing drugs were prepared by collecting fingernails from participants who had consumed hay-fever medicines continuously for 4 months. Next, the entire free edge of a reference nail was cut into halves at the centerline; one side was stored as an untreated block, and the other was treated with various hand/nail care products. Both nail blocks were washed and segmented at 0.5-mm intervals in the width direction. Each segment in the extraction solution was crushed with stainless-steel beads, sonicated, and soaked in the solution for 24 h. The analytes in extracts were quantified by LC-MS/MS, and the drug concentrations between the treated and untreated blocks were compared. The drug concentrations decreased slightly in nails treated with manicure and gel-nail products. The analytes in nails tended to be lower in water-rich products such as hand soap and hand cream than in oil-rich products such as nailcare oil and acetone-free remover. The developed method using micro-segmental analysis enabled the evaluation of the effects of various hand/nail care products on drug stability in a limited number of nails. This would also be useful for examining the effects of severe environments on drugs in nails collected from cases of unnatural death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kuwayama
- National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Hiroki Segawa
- National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Okada
- National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko T Iwata
- National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba, Japan
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Downes N, Kallas KA, Moirangthem S, Maguet C, Marr K, Tafflet M, Kirschbaum C, Heude B, Koehl M, Waerden JVD. Longitudinal effects of maternal depressive and anxious symptomatology on child hair cortisol and cortisone from pregnancy to 5-years: The EDEN mother-child cohort. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 162:106957. [PMID: 38232529 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to maternal depressive and anxious symptomatology in utero and after birth can affect child outcomes. One proposed mechanism is through changes in child stress hormone levels, however current studies present inconsistent findings, and further research is needed to better understand the impact of maternal mental health on child stress response. This study aims to add to the limited literature by analysing longitudinal data ranging from 24 weeks amenorrhea to 5 years postpartum among 281 mother-child pairs from the French EDEN mother-child birth cohort. Hair cortisol and cortisone data were collected from children at four time points: birth, 1, 3, and 5 years. Mothers reported depressive symptomatology via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) (at 24-weeks amenorrhea, 3-, and 5-year follow-up), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (at 4, 8 and 12 months postpartum). Prenatal anxiety symptomatology was measured via the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at 24 weeks amenorrhea. Group-based trajectory modelling indicated a 1-cluster classification of longitudinal child hair cortisol, cortisone and cortisol-to-cortisone ratio, as analyses did not reveal a classification by subgroups representing different child profiles. After inverse probability weighting, small effects showed prenatal depressive symptomatology was significantly associated to higher levels of child hair cortisone at one year. Prenatal anxiety symptomatology was significantly linked to higher levels of child cortisol measured at birth and cortisone at birth and at 1 year. Postpartum depressive symptomatology at 8 months was related to higher levels of cortisone among 3-year-olds. These effects were not moderated by child sex or maternal socio-economic status. Further research is needed to understand why there are associations at some time points and not others to determine any potential buffering factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Downes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), 75012 Paris, France.
| | - Kadri-Ann Kallas
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Simi Moirangthem
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Maguet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Ketevan Marr
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Tafflet
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), 75004 Paris, France
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Biopsychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), 75004 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Koehl
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, 3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), 75012 Paris, France
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Babarro I, Arregi A, Andiarena A, Lertxundi N, Vegas O, Ibarluzea J. Do Hormone Levels Influence Bullying during Childhood and Adolescence? A Systematic Review of the Literature. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:241. [PMID: 38397352 PMCID: PMC10888185 DOI: 10.3390/children11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Bullying is one of the most common forms of aggressive behavior during childhood and adolescence. Some decades ago, researchers began exploring the basis of peer victimization from a biological perspective. Specifically, the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axes have been studied in relation to status-relevant behaviors, such as bullying. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guide and registered the review protocol at PROSPERO (CRD42023494738). We searched for relevant studies in PubMed, Psycinfo, Scopus, and Web of Science, and assessed them using the Robins E-tool. (3) Results: Our search yielded 152 studies, of which 33 were included in the review. These studies explored the association between testosterone and cortisol levels with bullying behavior, finding diverse results. Most of the studies were rated as having a low risk of bias. (4) Conclusions: This study not only enhances our understanding of bullying, but also provides guidance for the development of prevention and management programs for it. In the future, researchers should continue exploring the joint effects of different hormones on the HPA and HPG axis, using a broader set of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaro Babarro
- Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ane Arregi
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ainara Andiarena
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nerea Lertxundi
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Vegas
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus Ibarluzea
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, 20013 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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Nyengaard R, Kallesøe KH, Rimvall MK, Ørnbøl E, Wellnitz KB, Olsen EM, Wyller VBB, Rask CU. Hair cortisol and self-perceived stress in adolescents with multi-system functional somatic disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:101. [PMID: 38317120 PMCID: PMC10840144 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term stress causing altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dynamics with cortisol dysfunction may be involved in the pathophysiology of functional somatic disorders (FSD), but studies on adolescents with multi-system FSD are lacking. Therefore, we investigated: 1) whether hair cortisol concentration (HCC) differentiates adolescents with multi-system FSD from a) a population-based sample and b) a subgroup derived from the sample reporting a high physical symptom load, and 2) whether FSD population HCC is associated with primary symptom presentations and self-perceived stress. METHODS We used data from a clinical sample with multi-system FSD (N = 91, age 15-19 years) and a population-based sample (N = 1,450, age 16-17 years) including a subgroup with top 10% total scores on physical symptoms (N = 147). Density plots and multiple linear regression were applied to compare HCC between groups. In the clinical sample, multiple linear regression was employed to assess the association between HCC and primary symptom clusters and self-perceived stress. RESULTS Median HCC was lower in the clinical sample than in the population-based sample (β = 0.80 (95%CI: 0.66, 0.97)), but not significantly different from median HCC in the derived subgroup (β = 0.84 (95%CI: 0.66, 1.07)). In the clinical sample, HCC was not significantly associated with primary symptom clusters (F(2, 82) = 0.13, p = 0.88) or self-perceived stress (F(4, 83) = 1.18, p = 0.33). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that HCC is lowered in adolescents with multi-system FSD but not significantly associated with primary symptom presentations or self-perceived stress. Future studies including multiple measures of HPA axis dynamics alongside psychological measures may further elucidate the role of long-term stress in FSD. TRIAL REGISTRATION The AHEAD study was pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02346071), 26/01/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Nyengaard
- Research Unit Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Incuba Skejby, building 2, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Karen Hansen Kallesøe
- Research Unit Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.
| | - Martin Køster Rimvall
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Kildegaardsvej 28, Entrance 3A, 1st Floor, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Ny Østergade 12, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Eva Ørnbøl
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Incuba Skejby, building 2, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Kaare Bro Wellnitz
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Incuba Skejby, building 2, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Else Marie Olsen
- Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Ndr. Fasanvej 57, 1st Floor, Building 14, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Psychiatric Centre Ballerup, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Maglevænget 2, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Postboks 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O box 1171, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charlotte Ulrikka Rask
- Research Unit Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Incuba Skejby, building 2, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Rodrigues Gonçalves M, Nogueira Cruvinel VR, Verpaele S, Bashash M, Pintas Marques C, Urbano MR, Paoliello MMB, Aschner M, da Silva Santos V. Metal levels in waste pickers in Brasilia, Brazil: hair and nail as exposure matrices. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:77-90. [PMID: 37942931 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2276372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare workplace conditions and metal exposures in 431 waste pickers who worked nearby at the Estrutural Dump in Brasilia utilizing hair (n = 310) and nail (n = 355) as matrices of exposure. Waste pickers were grouped according to their workplace (open waste dump: G1 and sorting plants: G2). Hair and nail samples were collected and analyzed using ICP-MS. The work duration in the facilities was significantly different between the groups with averages of 16.46 (8.48) yrs and 9.26 (6.28) yrs for hair donors in G1 and G2, and 15.92 (7.72) yrs and 8.55 (5.77) yrs for toenail donors in G1 and G2, respectively. The arithmetic means (μg/g) of cadmium, copper, lead, and manganese in hair were significantly higher in G2 (0.076 ± 0.133; 19.61 ± 18.16; 2.27 ± .56 and 3.87 ± 5.59, respectively) compared to G1 (0.069 ± 0.235; 15.72 ± 15.18; 1.72 ± 4.04 and 3.65 ± 5.5, respectively). Concentrations of arsenic, barium, cadmium, copper, cobalt, lead, manganese, and molybdenum in nail were significantly higher in G2 (0.57 ± 0.39; 22.74 ± 42.06; 0.1 ± 0.08; 22.7 ± 51.60; 0.48 ± 0.45; 4.69 ± 9.43; 19.07 ± 20.75; 1.80 ± 1.76, respectively) compared to G1 (0.40 ± 0.28; 15.32 ± 22.31; 0.08 ± 0.11; 11.91 ± 16.25; 0.37 ± 0.37; 3.94 ± 15.04; 13.01 ± 19.08; 1.16 ± 1.80, respective. Our findings suggest that the studied population was exposed to toxic metals and indicates the need for chemical exposure prevention policies to monitor chemical risk exposures in waste pickers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven Verpaele
- Nickel Institute, Belgian Center for Occupational Hygiene, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Morteza Bashash
- USC, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carla Pintas Marques
- Faculty of Ceilandia, Public Health Department, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michael Aschner
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Bronx, NY, USA
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Granat FA, Trumel C, Braun JPD, Bourgès-Abella NH. Quality of hematology and clinical chemistry results in laboratory and zoo nonhuman primates: Effects of the preanalytical phase. A review. J Med Primatol 2023; 52:414-427. [PMID: 37612808 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Most errors in clinical pathology originate in the preanalytical phase, which includes all steps from the preparation of animals and equipment to the collection of the specimen and its management until analyzed. Blood is the most common specimen collected in nonhuman primates. Other specimens collected include urine, saliva, feces, and hair. The primary concern is the variability of blood hematology and biochemistry results due to sampling conditions with the effects of capture, restraint, and/or anesthesia. Housing and diet have fewer effects, with the exception of food restriction to reduce obesity. There has been less investigation regarding the impact of sampling conditions of nonblood specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny A Granat
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire central de biologie médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Laboratoire central de biologie médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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11
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Hitzler M, Matits L, Gumpp AM, Bach AM, Ziegenhain U, Gao W, Kolassa IT, Behnke A. Longitudinal course of endocannabinoids and N-acylethanolamines in hair of mothers and their children in the first year postpartum: investigating the relevance of maternal childhood maltreatment experiences. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7446-7457. [PMID: 37198936 PMCID: PMC10719681 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) exerts long-lasting psychological and biological alterations in affected individuals and might also affect the endocannabinoid (eCB) system which modulates inflammation and the endocrine stress response. Here, we investigated the eCB system of women with and without CM and their infants using hair samples representing eCB levels accumulated during the last trimester of pregnancy and 10-12 months postpartum. METHODS CM exposure was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. At both timepoints, 3 cm hair strands were collected from mothers and children (N = 170 resp. 150) to measure anandamide (AEA), 2/1-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG/1-AG), stearoylethanolamide (SEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). RESULTS Maternal hair levels of 2-AG/1-AG increased and SEA levels decreased from late pregnancy to one year postpartum. Maternal CM was associated with lower SEA levels in late pregnancy, but not one year later. In the children's hair, levels of 2-AG/1-AG increased while levels of SEA, OEA, and PEA decreased from late pregnancy to one year later. Maternal CM was not consistently associated with the eCB levels measured in children's hair. CONCLUSIONS We provide first evidence for longitudinal change in the eCB system of mothers and infants from pregnancy to one year later. While maternal CM influenced the maternal eCB system, we found no consistent intergenerational effects on early regulation of the eCB system in children. Longitudinal research on the importance of the eCB system for the course and immunoregulation of pregnancy as well as for the children's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hitzler
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lynn Matits
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja M. Gumpp
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexandra M. Bach
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Ziegenhain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Biopsychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Behnke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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12
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Lin JJY, Koffman LJ, Tehrani MW, Chen R, Han SG, Sandler DP, Lawrence KG, Jackson WB, Dickerson AS, Ramachandran G, Engel LS, Rule AM. Reliability of low mass toenail samples as biomarkers of chronic metal exposure. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:945-953. [PMID: 37296232 PMCID: PMC10709526 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toenails are a promising matrix for chronic metal exposure assessment, but there are currently no standard methods for collection and analysis. Questions remain about sample mass requirements and the extent to which metals measured in this matrix are representative of chronic body burden. OBJECTIVE This study proposes a method to maximize sample conservation for toenail metals analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We demonstrate the reliability of an ~25 mg toenail sample (typically 1-2 clippings) for metals analysis and evaluate the intra-individual variability of multiple metals in this matrix over time in men from the Gulf Long-term Follow-up (GuLF) Study. METHODS Toenail samples from 123 GuLF Study participants were collected at two visits 3 years apart and analyzed for 18 elements using ICP-MS. Participants with samples exceeding 200 mg at the first visit (n = 29) were selected for triplicate sub-sample analysis. Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) was used to assess sub-sample reliability and Spearman's correlation coefficients (ρ) were used to evaluate fluctuations in elemental concentrations over time. RESULTS Results were not reported for Cd, Co, Mo, Sb, and V (detected in <60% of the samples). There was strong agreement among triplicate samples (Kendall's W: 0.72 (Cu)-0.90 (Cu)) across all elements evaluated, moderate correlations of elemental concentrations (Spearman's ρ: 0.21-0.42) over 3 years for As, Ca, Cr, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn, and strong correlations (>0.50) for Se, Cu, and Hg. IMPACT STATEMENT This toenail reliability study found that a low-mass (~25 mg) toenail sample (1-2 clippings) is suitable for the determination of most elements using ICP-MS and helps to increase the analytical capacity of limited toenail biospecimens collected in cohort studies. The results highlight differences in the suitability of toenails for chronic metal exposure assessment by element and underscore the need to consider intra-person variability, especially when comparing results across studies. We also provide recommendations for analytical standardization and the partitioning of the total collected toenail sample into multiple analytic sub-samples for future studies using toenail biospecimen for multiple assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce J Y Lin
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Lily J Koffman
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mina W Tehrani
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seok Gyu Han
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kaitlyn G Lawrence
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Aisha S Dickerson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gurumurthy Ramachandran
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ana M Rule
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Davis SL, Latimer M, Rice M. Biomarkers of Stress and Inflammation in Children. Biol Res Nurs 2023; 25:559-570. [PMID: 37010976 PMCID: PMC10626617 DOI: 10.1177/10998004231168805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Children are increasingly exposed to stressors that can affect their immune function. Given the possible negative effects of stress and inflammation on health, researchers need to use appropriate biomarkers to measure both the effects of stress and subsequent inflammatory responses. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to briefly review stress and inflammatory pathways, identify biomarkers used to measure chronic stress and chronic inflammation particularly in children in clinical and community settings, and to discuss methodological considerations when measuring stress and inflammation in children. Discussion: Biomarkers of chronic stress can be classified as central, meaning they are made in the brain, or peripheral, meaning they are made in the peripheral tissues in response to central signals. The peripheral biomarker, cortisol, is most frequently used in the community setting. In addition, indirect measures, such as oxytocin, may complement the assessment of stress. Common biomarkers of chronic inflammation in children are C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, and IL-6. Similarly, indirect biomarkers of chronic inflammation, such as IL-2 and IL-1β, may also be considered. Conclusions: Various types of specimens can be used to measure these biomarkers of stress and inflammation including blood, saliva, urine, sweat, hair, nails, and tears. Each type of specimen has different requirements for collection, storage, and assay. Future research would benefit from standardized biomarker levels across age and development in children and incorporation of other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Davis
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Mary Latimer
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marti Rice
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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14
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Malon M, Jensen A, Zimakoff AC, Vittrup DM, Lind I, Sørensen JK, Jørgensen NR, Stensballe LG, Svensson J. Hair cortisol is not associated with reactogenicity after MMR-vaccination in 6-month-old infants. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 30:100626. [PMID: 37188320 PMCID: PMC10176151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Malon
- The Child and Adolescent Clinic, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital “Rigshospitalet”, Denmark
- Corresponding author. The Child and Adolescent Clinic, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital “Rigshospitalet”, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Jensen
- The Child and Adolescent Clinic, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital “Rigshospitalet”, Denmark
| | - Anne Cathrine Zimakoff
- The Child and Adolescent Clinic, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital “Rigshospitalet”, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Maria Vittrup
- The Pediatric and Adolescent Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ida Lind
- Department of Neonatology, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital “Rigshospitalet”, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kiehn Sørensen
- The Child and Adolescent Clinic, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital “Rigshospitalet”, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre of Diagnostic Investigations, The Danish National University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Graff Stensballe
- The Child and Adolescent Clinic, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital “Rigshospitalet”, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannet Svensson
- The Pediatric and Adolescent Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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15
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Pageau LM, Ng TJ, Ling J, Given BA, Robbins LB, Deka P, Schlegel EC. Associations between hair cortisol and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2023; 41:875-887. [PMID: 37016924 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress is widely considered to be a risk factor for high blood pressure (BP), but evidence on the associations between biomarkers of chronic stress and BP is inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the current state of the science on relationships between measures of cortisol concentration reflecting chronic stress exposure [hair cortisol concentration (HCC), nail cortisol concentration)] and BP. METHODS PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched. Random effects models were used to assess the pooled effect size. Exploratory moderation analysis was performed. RESULTS Out of 34 014 identified, 16 articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the review, while 14 were included in the meta-analysis. No articles were reported on the association between nail cortisol concentration and BP. Small, positive associations were observed between HCC and SBP [ r = 0.19 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08-0.29)] and HCC and DBP [ r = 0.13 (95% CI: 0.04-0.22)]. Cortisol analysis method was identified as a significant moderator of the association between HCC and DBP. HCC was largely, positively associated with hypertension status [odds ratio = 3.23 (95% CI: 2.55-4.09), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests that higher HCC may be associated with elevated BP and a potential risk factor for hypertension. However, results should be interpreted with caution because HCC can be affected by hair color, hair care products, and analytic methods. Given the limitations of studies included in this review, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Pageau
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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16
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Brief Report: Above and Beyond Safety: Psychosocial and Biobehavioral Impact of Autism-Assistance Dogs on Autistic Children and their Families. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:468-483. [PMID: 34984639 PMCID: PMC8726517 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Autism-Assistance Dogs (AADs) are highly-skilled service animals trained primarily to ensure the safety of an autistic child by preventing elopement and mitigating 'meltdowns'. Although anecdotal accounts and case-studies have indicated that AADs confer benefits above and beyond safety, empirical support anchored in validated clinical, behavioral, and physiological measures is lacking. To address this gap, we studied children and their families before and after receiving a well-trained AAD using a within-subject, repeated-measures design. Notably, this study is the first to assess change in a biomarker for chronic stress in both autistic children and their parents. Final analyses included pre-/post-AAD data from 11 triads (parent/handler-dog-child) demonstrating significantly positive psychosocial and biobehavioral effects of AADs.
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17
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Higashi T, Aso S, Horisaki H, Ito T, Tanaka S, Nishimoto-Kusunose S, Ogawa S, Kato K, Ide H. Evaluation of thumbnail clipping as a specimen for retrospectively assessing average production of testosterone. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 538:157-163. [PMID: 36417978 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic abnormal production of testosterone (T) is associated with many disorders in men. Fingernail clippings might be more suited for the diagnosis and medium-to-long term therapeutic monitoring for the T-related chronic disorders than the blood-derived specimens. The objective of this study was to characterize a thumbnail clipping as the specimen for assessing the several months-old T status. METHODS Thumbnail clippings from various subjects were analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry to evaluate the gender difference, and changes caused by aging and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the thumbnail T concentration. RESULTS There was an evident gender difference in the thumbnail T concentrations [male; 2.55 ± 0.85 ng/g and female; 0.48 ± 0.29 ng/g, mean ± SD (n = 25 each), Welch t-test]. The thumbnail T concentrations significantly decreased with age in men (n = 268, Scheffé F-test), which was similar to those of the free or bioavailable T in serum/plasma. The thumbnail T concentrations sharply decreased by a 6-months ADT (especially the effect of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist) for patients with prostate cancer (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS The thumbnail clipping can be a specimen to retrospectively assess the average T production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Saki Aso
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Horisaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takenori Ito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sakurako Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shoichi Nishimoto-Kusunose
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shoujiro Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kato
- ASKA Pharma Medical Co., Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Ide
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minami-koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
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18
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Davis SL, Soistmann HC. Child's perceived stress: A concept analysis. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 67:15-26. [PMID: 35882112 PMCID: PMC10167593 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Child's perceived stress is a term used widely in literature, yet it is poorly defined. Perceived stress in childhood has been linked to negative health outcomes throughout the lifespan. Therefore, the ability of researchers and healthcare providers to conceptualize child's perceived stress and form accurate measures of the concept is of utmost importance. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Following the eight steps identified by Walker and Avant, a literature review was conducted to identify studies that measured perceived stress in school-age children over the last 10 years. SAMPLE Of 914 records identified, 136 were screened, and 16 met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Child's perceived stress is best defined as any actual or imagined threat, personal and specific to childhood, which overwhelms the child and leads to changes in emotional, psychological, developmental, and/or physiological domains. CONCLUSIONS While the concept of child's perceived stress is understood similarly throughout studies, there is notable variation in the way child's perceived stress is measured. Because of the specificity of perceived stress to childhood, and the wide range of what may be perceived as stressful by the child, the child is the best reporter of child's perceived stress. IMPLICATIONS Researchers and clinicians must use child self-report tools to measure the concept of child's perceived stress. Opportunities exist for healthcare workers to intervene, educate, and help children and families recognize and manage child's perceived stress. This concept analysis includes many resources that practitioners may use to help alleviate stress in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Davis
- University of South Alabama College of Nursing, 5721 Dr. N., Mobile, AL 36608, USA.
| | - Heather C Soistmann
- Penn State Health Children's Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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19
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Bates RA, Militello L, Barker E, Villasanti HG, Schmeer K. Early childhood stress responses to psychosocial stressors: The state of the science. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22320. [PMID: 36282746 PMCID: PMC9543576 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to better understand whether and to what extent psychosocial stressors are associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis or autonomic nervous system stress responses in young children (1-6 years of age). Studies were classified by psychosocial stressors from the ecobiodevelopmental model: social and economic resources, maternal mental health, parent-child relationships, and the physical environment. Of the 2388 identified studies, 32 met full inclusion criteria, including over 9107 children. Child physiologic stress responses were measured as hair and urinary cortisol and cortisone, salivary diurnal and reactive cortisol, salivary reactive alpha-amylase, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. There were 107 identified relations between psychosocial stressors and physiologic stress responses. Nearly two thirds of these relations suggested that children have dysregulated stress responses as either significantly blunted (n = 27) or increased (n = 37); 43 relations were not significant. Children most consistently had significantly dysregulated stress responses if they experienced postnatal maternal depression or anxiety. Some reasons for the mixed findings may be related to characteristics of the child (i.e., moderators) or stressor, how the stress response or psychosocial stressor was measured, unmeasured variables (e.g., caregiving buffering), researcher degrees of freedom, or publication bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi A. Bates
- College of NursingUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Lisa Militello
- College of NursingThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Erin Barker
- College of NursingUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Hugo Gonzalez Villasanti
- Crane Center for Early Childhood Research and PolicyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA,Department of Educational Studies, College of Education and Human EcologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Kammi Schmeer
- Crane Center for Early Childhood Research and PolicyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA,Department of SociologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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Application of Felid Hair for Non-Invasive Tracking of Animal Reproductive Status and Adrenal Activity. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202792. [PMID: 36290178 PMCID: PMC9597714 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair can be a useful matrix to examine the hormonal status of an animal, although it is difficult to correlate the results to a specific time point. The aim of this study was to evaluate seasonal changes in cortisol and testosterone levels in the hair of four feline species (lynx, Lynx lynx, n = 8; Amur wildcat, Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, n = 8; caracal, Caracal caracal, n = 6 and domestic cat, Felis catus, n = 17) with different breeding strategies. Animals of both sexes were sampled over the year, once per season (every three months), and the concentrations of hair testosterone and cortisol were measured by EIA. Both hormones showed annual dynamic changes, which coincided with the reproductive seasonality of the studied species. Sexual differences in testosterone level were found only during the mating season (spring for lynx and Amur wildcats, spring-summer for domestic cats), when testosterone levels were higher in males than in females. Cortisol levels were higher in males than in females in domestic cats and Amur wildcat, but also only during the mating season. Seasonal increases in testosterone were observed in three seasonal breeders (lynx, Amur wildcat and domestic cat) but not in caracal, which had high testosterone levels over the whole year. In lynx and Amur wildcat, it decreased sharply in the summer. Cortisol levels increased during the mating period in domestic cat males and lynx of both sexes; in caracal, an increase in cortisol was related to the transfer of animals to smaller winter cages. Measurements of steroids in hair can provide a reliable method for evaluating the reproductive status and the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in several felid species.
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21
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Perinatal and early childhood biomarkers of psychosocial stress and adverse experiences. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:956-965. [PMID: 35091705 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The human brain develops through a complex interplay of genetic and environmental influences. During critical periods of development, experiences shape brain architecture, often with long-lasting effects. If experiences are adverse, the effects may include the risk of mental and physical disease, whereas positive environments may increase the likelihood of healthy outcomes. Understanding how psychosocial stress and adverse experiences are embedded in biological systems and how we can identify markers of risk may lead to discovering new approaches to improve patient care and outcomes. Biomarkers can be used to identify specific intervention targets and at-risk children early when physiological system malleability increases the likelihood of intervention success. However, identifying reliable biomarkers has been challenging, particularly in the perinatal period and the first years of life, including in preterm infants. This review explores the landscape of psychosocial stress and adverse experience biomarkers. We highlight potential benefits and challenges of identifying risk clinically and different sub-signatures of stress, and in their ability to inform targeted interventions. Finally, we propose that the combination of preterm birth and adversity amplifies the risk for abnormal development and calls for a focus on this group of infants within the field of psychosocial stress and adverse experience biomarkers. IMPACT: Reviews the landscape of biomarkers of psychosocial stress and adverse experiences in the perinatal period and early childhood and highlights the potential benefits and challenges of their clinical utility in identifying risk status in children, and in developing targeted interventions. Explores associations between psychosocial stress and adverse experiences in childhood with prematurity and identifies potential areas of assessment and intervention to improve outcomes in this at-risk group.
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22
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Ostrov JM, Murray-Close D, Perry KJ, Perhamus GR, Memba GV, Rice DR, Nowalis S. Parenting and Adjustment Problems among Preschoolers during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022; 32:93-109. [PMID: 36157198 PMCID: PMC9488881 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical area of developmental science explores factors that confer risk or protection as young children and their families experience stressful circumstances related to sociohistorical events. This study contributes to this important area by assessing relations between family context and child adjustment as children transitioned from preschool to home learning during COVID-19, and whether children higher in stress levels, indexed by morning basal cortisol, were more strongly affected. Parents of 74 children (M age = 53.56 months, SD age = 3.68 months) completed reports spanning the home learning transition; children's pre-COVID-19 transition salivary cortisol levels were assessed. Path analyses were used to test the preregistered study aims. Significant interactions were decomposed using simple slopes and Preacher's Regions of Significance (ROS) method. Across the COVID-19 transition to home-based school, children with higher morning basal cortisol experienced the sharpest increase in anger when exposed to harsh/inconsistent parenting contexts. Importantly, these effects held when controlling for household chaos, socioeconomic resources, and supportive parenting. Parallel models with supportive parenting were also tested and are discussed. This study is one of the first to test and provide support for biological sensitivity to context theory within the context of a natural experiment like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Ostrov
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Dianna Murray-Close
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Kristin J. Perry
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Gretchen R. Perhamus
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Gabriela V. Memba
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Danielle R. Rice
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Sarah Nowalis
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
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Lynch T, Davis SL, Johnson AH, Gray L, Coleman E, Phillips SR, Soistmann HC, Rice M. Definitions, theories, and measurement of stress in children. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 66:202-212. [PMID: 35868219 PMCID: PMC10085063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Stress in children remains a complex concept to examine due to the inherent subjectivity and lack of specific manifestations, as well as the multiple ways stress can be defined and measured in children. Because stress is multifactorial,is experienced daily by children, and undergirds adolescent health and early mental illness, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of stress and the effects of stress in children from infancy through age twelve years. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA To be included in this review, literature must pertain to and highlight theories, definitions/classifications, and measurements of stress in children from infancy to 12 years of age. SAMPLE The most pertinent articles identified through database searches (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar), gray literature sources (e.g., child health websites), and reference lists of identified articles were included in this narrative overview. RESULTS The results of this review are organized by themes and include: classifications and definitions of stress, stress-related theories, and tools to measure stress in children. CONCLUSIONS Research addressing stressors and stress in children is limited, and there is wide variation in how researchers define and classify stress in children. Existing measures of stress in children younger than 12 address physiological, psychological, and observational components, but may be inconsistent and threaten validity of otherwise well-designed and well-executed studies. IMPLICATIONS Improving the understanding and accurate measurement of stress in children enables researchers and clinicians to curtail undesirable health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Lynch
- University of Alabama in Huntsville, 301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Sara L Davis
- University of South Alabama, 5721 USA Drive, N., Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
| | - Ann Hammack Johnson
- Harris College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, 2800 S. University Drive, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA.
| | - Laura Gray
- Gordon E. Inman College of Health Sciences and Nursing, Belmont University, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Coleman
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1701 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | | | - Heather C Soistmann
- Penn State Health Children's Hospital, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Marti Rice
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1701 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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24
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Babarro I, Ibarluzea J, Theodorsson E, Fano E, Lebeña A, Guxens M, Sunyer J, Andiarena A. Hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress in preadolescents: influence of school context and bullying. Child Neuropsychol 2022:1-18. [PMID: 36036166 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2022.2115991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Bullying has been identified as the most common form of aggression and a major source of stress among children and adolescents. The main objective of this study was to analyze the association that school context in general and bullying in particular might have with hair cortisol concentration (HCC), examining the effect of executive function and sex on this association. The study included 659 11-year-old preadolescents from the cohorts of Gipuzkoa and Sabadell of the INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente-Children and Environment) project. We gathered information about school-related factors (bullying, school environment, problems with peers and academic performance) and executive function (risky decision-making). Hair samples were collected to measure cortisol concentrations and Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine associations between school-related factors, executive function and HCC. Results showed that being involved as a bully/victim was related to higher HCC and, higher HCC was associated with poorer executive function. This study may contribute to a better understanding of the consequences that chronic exposure to a stressful factors may have on preadolescents' health and developmental outcomes. Besides, our results are relevant for designing programs for prevention and intervention, which could modify individual physiological responses to stress and reduce the effects of stress on the health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaro Babarro
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain.,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus Ibarluzea
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain.,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Health Department of Basque Government, Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Clinical Chemistry, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eduardo Fano
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain.,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Andrea Lebeña
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Clinical Chemistry, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Monica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Roterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainara Andiarena
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain.,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
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25
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Restin T, Byland N, Voegel CD, La Marca-Ghaemmaghami P, Baumgartner MR, Bassler D, Kraemer T, Binz TM. Endocannabinoid and steroid analysis in infant and adult nails by LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6201-6211. [PMID: 35781588 PMCID: PMC9314307 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A common method to quantify chronic stress is the analysis of stress markers in keratinized matrices such as hair or nail. In this study, we aimed to validate a sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the combined quantification of steroid hormones and endocannabinoids (eCBs) in the keratinized matrix nail. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the suitability of the nail matrix for the detection of these stress markers in a pilot study. An LC–MS/MS method was used for the simultaneous identification and quantification of four eCBs (2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)) and five steroid hormones (cortisol, cortisone, androstenedione, progesterone, testosterone) in human nails using a surrogate analyte method for each analyte. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, response factor, linearity, limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery, robustness, and autosampler stability. Nail samples were extracted for 1 h with methanol following a clean-up with a fully automated supported liquid extraction (SLE). The influence of nail weight on the quantification was investigated by using 0.5–20 mg of nail sample. As a proof of concept, nail samples (N = 57) were analyzed from a cohort representing newborns (1 month old), children (between 1 and 10 years), and adults (up to 43 years). It could be shown that the established workflow using a 1 hour extraction and clean-up by SLE was very robust and resulted in a short sample preparation time. The LC–MS/MS method was successfully validated. Matrix effects with ion enhancement occurred mainly for 2-AG. Sample weights below 5 mg showed variations in quantification for some analytes. Certain analytes such as PEA and progesterone could be accurately quantified at a sample weight lower than 5 mg. This is the first study where steroids and eCBs could be simultaneously detected and quantified in infant and adult nails. These results show that nails may serve as an alternative keratinized matrix (compared to hair) for the retrospective monitoring of cumulative eCB and steroid hormone levels. The combined assessment of eCBs and steroids from nails could provide a new approach to gain new insights into stress exposure in newborns and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Restin
- Newborn Research Zurich, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nastassja Byland
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa D Voegel
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pearl La Marca-Ghaemmaghami
- Psychology Counselling and Research Institute for Sexuality, Marriage and the Family, International Academy for Human Sciences and Culture, Walenstadt, Switzerland
| | - Markus R Baumgartner
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Bassler
- Newborn Research Zurich, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina M Binz
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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26
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Liu CH, Hyun S, Mittal L, Erdei C. Psychological risks to mother-infant bonding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:853-861. [PMID: 34645943 PMCID: PMC9008072 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the association between mental health symptoms, along with psychological experiences and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related concerns, and self-reported maternal-infant bonding experiences of postpartum women. METHODS Using data collected from May 19 to August 17, 2020, this cross-sectional online study assessed 429 women to better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women during the postpartum period. Enrolled respondents were asked to participate in a 30-45-min online survey about COVID-19-related experiences, pregnancy, stress, and well-being. RESULTS Postpartum women's depressive symptoms were related to lower quality maternal-infant bonding, but the anxiety symptoms were not associated with bonding. Maternal self-efficacy, but not social support, was associated with mothers' higher quality of maternal-infant bonding. COVID-19-related grief was significantly associated with lower quality bonding. On the other hand, COVID-19-related health worries were associated with higher quality of maternal-infant bonding. CONCLUSIONS We describe potential psychological risk factors to maternal-infant bonding among postpartum women during the pandemic period. To best support the medical and psychological well-being of the mothers and infants, enhanced interdisciplinary partnerships among perinatal healthcare professionals involved in primary and/or specialty care is needed. IMPACT Unique COVID-19-related health and grief concerns exist, with implications for maternal-infant bonding. Depression but not anxiety is associated with lower maternal-infant bonding. Caregiving confidence, but not social support, is associated with higher maternal-infant bonding. It is critical to screen for postpartum depression and COVID-19-related grief during maternal follow-up and pediatric visits. Study findings inform and prioritize pediatric interventions toward enhancing maternal-infant bonding during the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy H. Liu
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Corresponding Author: Cindy H. Liu, PhD, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Tel: 617-525-4131, Fax: 617-582-6026,
| | - Sunah Hyun
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leena Mittal
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carmina Erdei
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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27
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Scott MG, Smiley PA, Ahn A, Lazarus MF, Borelli JL, Doan SN. A mother's touch: Preschool-aged children are regulated by positive maternal touch. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22243. [PMID: 35191531 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Positive maternal touch plays an important role in the development of children's physiological regulation and cognitive development in infancy, as well as the development of sociality in early childhood. However, few studies have looked beyond infancy to consider the possible continuing impact of positive maternal touch on child stress reactivity during early childhood. A diverse community sample of mothers (N = 114, Mage = 33.52 years, SD = 5.33) and their preschool-aged children (Mage = 41.68 months, SD = 4.67; 49.1% female) participated in the study. Basic demographics were reported by mothers. We coded maternal touch behaviors during an emotionally charged laboratory conversation task and assessed children's physiological reactivity to stressful laboratory tasks with salivary cortisol. Results reveal a significant negative association between positive maternal touch and child salivary cortisol reactivity. In addition, family income, adjusted for family size, and child sex were significantly associated with child cortisol stress reactivity. Findings are discussed in terms of persistent downregulating effects of positive maternal touch on child stress reactivity, as well as possible links of stress reactivity with family income, a proxy for economic stress, and child sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirenna G Scott
- Department of Psychological Science, Pomona College, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Patricia A Smiley
- Department of Psychological Science, Pomona College, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Ashley Ahn
- Department of Psychological Science, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Molly F Lazarus
- Department of Psychology, Scripps College, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Jessica L Borelli
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Stacey N Doan
- Department of Psychological Science, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, California, USA
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28
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Relationship Among Blastocystis, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio and Chronic Stress in Mexican University Students. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:72. [PMID: 35067729 PMCID: PMC8784498 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role played by Blastocystis in humans has been a subject of discussion due to its intestinal effects and modifications in the intestinal microbiota. We aimed to analyze the relationship between Blastocystis subtypes ST1-4 and 7, the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) of fecal microbiota, and chronic stress in university students. This study had a cross-sectional design with a sample of 202 students. We analyzed fecal and hair samples, and stress inventories were applied to the students. The results showed a frequency of Blastocystis-colonized students of 52.97%. Regarding fecal microbiota, a median RAU of 0.801 for Firmicutes and 0.82 of Bacteroidetes were obtained, with an F/B ratio of 0.83. A low F/B ratio (66.04%) was more frequent in Blastocystis-colonized students, whereas a high F/B ratio (68.09%) (p = < 0.0001) was found in the Blastocystis-non-colonized. Only Blastocystis ST3 did not significantly correlate with a low F/B ratio (p = 0.290). The ST4 was associated with lower values of cortisol (p = 0.030), psychological stress (p = 0.040), and lower frequency of constipation (p = 0.010). Only two students with the ST1 had abdominal pain (p = 0.007). Our results suggest that colonization by Blastocystis subtypes can modify the intestinal microbiota due to a decreased ratio between the two most representative phyla (F/B). Also, the results of this study show that ST4 colonization is related to a lower level of chronic stress.
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29
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Jaramillo Ortiz S, Howsam M, van Aken EH, Delanghe JR, Boulanger E, Tessier FJ. Biomarkers of disease in human nails: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2021; 59:125-141. [PMID: 34726550 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2021.1991882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic, monitoring, response, predictive, risk, and prognostic biomarkers of disease are all widely studied, for the most part in biological fluids or tissues, but there is steadily growing interest in alternative matrices such as nails. Here we comprehensively review studies dealing with molecular or elemental biomarkers of disease, as opposed to semiological, pharmacological, toxicological, or biomonitoring studies. Nails have a long history of use in medicine as indicators of pathological processes and have also been used extensively as a matrix for monitoring exposure to environmental pollution. Nail clippings are simple to collect noninvasively as well as to transport and store, and the matrix itself is relatively stable. Nails incorporate, and are influenced by, circulating molecules and elements over their several months of growth, and it is widely held that markers of biological processes will remain in the nail, even when their levels in blood have declined. Nails thus offer the possibility to not only look back into a subject's metabolic history but also to study biomarkers of processes that operate over a longer time scale such as the post-translational modification of proteins. Reports on ungual biomarkers of metabolic and endocrine diseases, cancer, and psychological and neurological disorders will be presented, and an overview of the sampling and analytical techniques provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarahi Jaramillo Ortiz
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE, Lille, France
| | - Michael Howsam
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE, Lille, France
| | | | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Boulanger
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric J Tessier
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE, Lille, France
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30
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Contreras ET, Vanderstichel R, Hovenga C, Lappin MR. Evaluation of hair and nail cortisol concentrations and associations with behavioral, physical, and environmental indicators of chronic stress in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2662-2672. [PMID: 34704630 PMCID: PMC8692200 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic stress is implicated in behavioral and health issues in cats, but methods for recognition, evaluation, and measurement of stress are lacking. Cortisol concentration is typically used as an indicator of stress. Objectives To evaluate use of an enzyme immunoassay to quantitate hair and nail cortisol concentrations (HCC and NCC) in cats and evaluate associations between HCC and NCC and behavioral, physical, and environmental correlates of chronic stress in cats. Animals Forty‐eight adult, owned or community cats. Methods Cross‐sectional study. Nail clippings and hair were collected from cats. Medical history and cat daily lifestyle questionnaires were completed by owners or caretakers. A commercial laboratory performed cortisol extraction and quantification using a validated enzyme immunoassay kit. Correlational and regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between HCC and NCC and behavioral, environmental, and medical factors. Results Hair and nail cortisol concentrations were significantly associated (rs = 0.70; P < .001), but HCCs varied widely within and among cats. Cats with litterbox issues had significantly increased HCC (P = .02) and NCC (P = .001) as compared to cats without litterbox issues. Cats with groomed coats had lower HCCs (P = .02) as compared to cats without groomed coats, whereas cats with dander and mats had higher NCCs (P = .01) as compared to cats without dander and mats. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The quantification of NCCs might improve identification and evaluation of chronic stress in cats. The variability of HCCs in individual cats warrants caution using this measurement in chronic stress studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena T Contreras
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Long Island University College of Veterinary Medicine, Brookville, New York, USA
| | - Raphael Vanderstichel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Long Island University College of Veterinary Medicine, Brookville, New York, USA
| | - Claire Hovenga
- Humane Society of Pikes Peak Region, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael R Lappin
- Center for Companion Animal Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Sääksjärvi K, Lehto E, Lehto R, Suhonen E, Leppänen M, Michels N, Saha M, Ray C, Vepsäläinen H, Pajulahti R, Heiman-Lindh A, Sainio T, Erkkola M, Roos E, Sajaniemi N. Associations between hair and salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, and temperament dimensions among 3-6-year-olds. Horm Behav 2021; 135:105042. [PMID: 34418581 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Associations between hair cortisol concentration (HCC), diurnal salivary cortisol (sCort) and alpha-amylase (sAA), and temperament dimensions were examined among 3-6-year-old Finnish children (n = 833). Children's hair samples were collected at preschool, while parents collected five saliva samples from children during one weekend day and completed a questionnaire assessing child's temperament dimensions i.e. surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control (HCC, n = 677; AUCg of sAA, n = 380; AUCg of sCort, n = 302; temperament dimensions, n = 751). In linear regression analysis, diurnal sCort associated positively with HCC, the association persisting after adjustments (β 0.31, 95% CI 0.20-0.42). In logistic regression analysis, increasing scores in effortful control associated with higher likelihood of having high HCC (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.07-2.03), the association slightly attenuating to non-significant after adjustments. Otherwise, no clear indication for associations between temperament and stress-related biomarkers were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Sääksjärvi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, P. O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Elviira Lehto
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, P. O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Reetta Lehto
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, P. O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eira Suhonen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, P. O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marja Leppänen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mari Saha
- Faculty of Education and Culture, P. O. Box 700, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Carola Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Food and Nutrition, P. O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P. O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Riikka Pajulahti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P. O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anu Heiman-Lindh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P. O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Taina Sainio
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, P. O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P. O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Food and Nutrition, P. O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, P. O. Box 20, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nina Sajaniemi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, P. O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Philosophical Faculty, School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
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Hair-based biomarkers in women with major depressive disorder: Glucocorticoids, endocannabinoids, N-acylethanolamines, and testosterone. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 7:100068. [PMID: 35757050 PMCID: PMC9216461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress-related alterations in the regulation of several endocrine systems, including the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and -gonadal (HPG) axes and the endocannabinoid system are proposed to be involved in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, this study examines whether altered concentrations of glucocorticoids, testosterone, endocannabinoids, and related N-acylethanolamines accumulated in hair are present in MDD. Methods Female participants (range: 19–59, Mdn = 30.5 years) were recruited, including n = 21 with a current MDD episode and n = 27 nondepressed controls without any current mental disorder. Weight-standardized samples of 3 cm hair segments were analyzed which equals to three months of retrospectively assessed biomarkers in hair. Concentrations of cortisol, cortisone, testosterone, endocannabinoids (i.e., anandamide [AEA], 2-arachidonylglycerol [2-AG]), and selected N-acylethanolamines (i.e., stearoylethanolamide [SEA], oleoylethanolamide [OEA], palmitoylethanolamide [PEA]) were measured using mass spectrometry. Results Female MDD patients exhibited lower cortisol and cortisone levels in hair than nondepressed controls, whereas the hair concentrations of endocannabinoids, N-acylethanolamines, and testosterone did not differ between the groups. Conclusions Our results add to the heterogeneous body of findings on alterations in hair-stored glucocorticoids and endocannabinoids in MDD. As in previous studies, there was no evidence of altered testosterone concentrations in the hair of MDD patients. Larger and longitudinal studies are needed to comprehensively explore the overall picture of endocrine alterations in MDD. Analysis of hair-based markers of endocrine alterations in female MDD outpatients. Lower hair cortisol and cortisone concentrations in mild to moderately severe MDD. No differences in endocannabinoid, N-acylethanolamine, and testosterone hair levels. Testosterone and cortisone levels were linked to higher stress/trauma exposure.
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Yip T, Smith P, Tynes M, Mirpuri S, Weems A, Cheon YM. Discrimination and hair cortisol concentration among asian, latinx and white young adults. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 6:100047. [PMID: 35757364 PMCID: PMC9216324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Discrimination is a form of chronic stress and hair cortisol concentration is an emerging biomarker of chronic stress. In a sample of 83 first-year college students (age x⋅⋅−=17.65, SD=48, 69% female, 84% United States-born, 24% Asian, 21% Latinx, and 55% White), the current study investigates associations between hair cortisol concentration with discrimination stress assessed across two timeframes: past year and past two weeks. Significant associations were observed for past year discrimination and hair cortisol concentration levels, but not for discrimination over the past two weeks. The current study contributes to a growing body of evidence linking discrimination stress exposure to neuroendocrine functioning. Analyzes hair cortisol concentration (HCC) to measure chronic discrimination. HCC was significantly associated with discrimination over the past year. HCC was not associated with discrimination over the past 2 weeks. Highlights HCC as a neuroendocrine biomarker of discrimination.
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Associations between social adversity and young children's hair cortisol: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 127:105176. [PMID: 33662801 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial and socioeconomic adversity in early childhood (termed 'social adversity') can have lifelong detrimental effects on health and development. Physiological stress is one proposed mechanism by which social adversity 'gets under the skin'. There is substantial research interest in whether hair cortisol, a biomarker proposed to measure the cumulative physiological stress response over time, can illustrate this mechanism. As a result, a growing number of studies have tested for associations between indicators of social adversity and child hair cortisol. The aim of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive, systematic review of the evidence for associations between indicators of social adversity and hair cortisol, specifically in young children (birth to 8 years) published any time up to 31 December 2019. The literature search identified 44 published studies that met inclusion criteria. The studies examined associations between one or more indicators of social adversity and child hair cortisol across 35 independent cohorts comprising 8370 children. Indicators of adversity examined in the identified literature included socioeconomic factors (e.g. low parental education, low income and unemployment), psychosocial factors (e.g. parent stress, poor mental health and family violence), and children's direct exposure to maltreatment, abuse and stressful events. Across all indicators of adversity, a total of 142 associations with hair cortisol were examined. Evidence of associations was limited and inconsistent; 34/142 (24%) showed evidence of a positive association between adversity and higher hair cortisol, 8/142 (6%) showed a negative association, and more than two thirds (100/142, 70%) of all examined associations were null. The collective evidence appears insufficient to conclude that there is a relationship between social adversity and hair cortisol, as a measure of physiological stress response, in young children.
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Plasma Arginase-1 Level Is Associated with the Mental Status of Outpatients with Chronic Liver Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020317. [PMID: 33669265 PMCID: PMC7920070 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While plasma arginase-1 has been suggested as a biomarker of mental status in healthy individuals, it has not been evaluated in patients with chronic liver disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the utility of plasma arginase-1 for screening mental status in patients with chronic liver disease. This study included outpatients with chronic liver disease who underwent regular check-ups at Okayama University Hospital between September 2018 and January 2019. In addition to the standard blood tests, the plasma arginase-1 level was analyzed. The patients’ mental status was assessed using the Japanese version of the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). The associations between mental status and various parameters, including plasma arginase-1, were investigated using logistic regression analysis. Among 114 participating patients, 8 were excluded, comprising 6 with insufficient blood samples for plasma arginase-1 measurement and 2 with incomplete questionnaires. Multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma arginase-1 was significantly and negatively associated with the GHQ-total score, especially somatic symptoms. Therefore, plasma arginase-1 may be a useful biomarker for assessing the mental status of outpatients with chronic liver disease.
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Lopez M, Ruiz MO, Rovnaghi CR, Tam GKY, Hiscox J, Gotlib IH, Barr DA, Carrion VG, Anand KJS. The social ecology of childhood and early life adversity. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:353-367. [PMID: 33462396 PMCID: PMC7897233 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An increasing prevalence of early childhood adversity has reached epidemic proportions, creating a public health crisis. Rather than focusing only on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as the main lens for understanding early childhood experiences, detailed assessments of a child's social ecology are required to assess "early life adversity." These should also include the role of positive experiences, social relationships, and resilience-promoting factors. Comprehensive assessments of a child's physical and social ecology not only require parent/caregiver surveys and clinical observations, but also include measurements of the child's physiology using biomarkers. We identify cortisol as a stress biomarker and posit that hair cortisol concentrations represent a summative and chronological record of children's exposure to adverse experiences and other contextual stressors. Future research should use a social-ecological approach to investigate the robust interactions among adverse conditions, protective factors, genetic and epigenetic influences, environmental exposures, and social policy, within the context of a child's developmental stages. These contribute to their physical health, psychiatric conditions, cognitive/executive, social, and psychological functions, lifestyle choices, and socioeconomic outcomes. Such studies must inform preventive measures, therapeutic interventions, advocacy efforts, social policy changes, and public awareness campaigns to address early life adversities and their enduring effects on human potential. IMPACT: Current research does not support the practice of using ACEs as the main lens for understanding early childhood experiences. The social ecology of early childhood provides a contextual framework for evaluating the long-term health consequences of early life adversity. Comprehensive assessments reinforced with physiological measures and/or selected biomarkers, such as hair cortisol concentrations to assess early life stress, may provide critical insights into the relationships between early adversity, stress axis regulation, and subsequent health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Lopez
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Monica O. Ruiz
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Cynthia R. Rovnaghi
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Grace K-Y. Tam
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Jitka Hiscox
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine,Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford School of Engineering, Stanford, CA
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University School of Humanities & Sciences, Stanford, CA
| | - Donald A. Barr
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA,Stanford University Graduate School of Education, Stanford, CA
| | - Victor G. Carrion
- Department of Psychiatry (Child and Adolescent Psychiatry), Clinical & Translational Neurosciences Incubator, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Phillips R, Kraeuter AK, McDermott B, Lupien S, Sarnyai Z. Human nail cortisol as a retrospective biomarker of chronic stress: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 123:104903. [PMID: 33137562 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is the primary glucocorticoid produced by the activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis after a psychological or physiological stressor. The dysregulation of the HPA axis by chronic stress has been associated with psychiatric disorders. Although hair is currently the main validated source of chronic cortisol concentrations, cortisol is also bound to human nails, another keratinised matrix. Therefore, nail cortisol has the potential to be an alternative retrospective chronic measure of HPA activation. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the temporal resolution, methodological issues, HPA correlates, and target populations in nail cortisol investigations. A qualitative synthesis was performed to assess current literature exploring cortisol concentrations from human nails. A total of 18 eligible human studies extracted from Medline (PubMed and Ovid), ProQuest (PsycINFO), and Scopus found that immunoassays and mass spectrometry were the two primarily methods of analysis. However, methodological variability remained evident between studies. Nail cortisol correlated with saliva and hair in some studies and was investigated across multiple developmental periods. Finally, when applied as an outcome measure in health disorders, higher nail cortisol concentrations have been shown to be associated with acute coronary syndrome and depression. In conclusion, nail cortisol may serve as a retrospective biomarker of chronic stress; however, the ability to track how much cortisol is accumulating within nail clippings is complex and may represent a large timespan. Further, very few studies have reported effect sizes and investigated the effects of covariates, such as age, sex, ethnicity, and nail characteristics, which limits the validation of this measure. Further studies are required to validate the utility of nail cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress across the human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riana Phillips
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ann-Katrin Kraeuter
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett McDermott
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Psychiatry Department, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Zoltán Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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Associating Emergency Medical Services personnel's workload, trauma exposure, and health with the cortisol, endocannabinoid, and N-acylethanolamine concentrations in their hair. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22403. [PMID: 33376241 PMCID: PMC7772331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In their line of duty, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel are exposed to chronically stressful working conditions and recurrent traumatic events, which increase their risk for detrimental health outcomes. Here, we investigated whether this risk is due to altered regulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the endocannabinoid system. Therefore, 1 cm hair strands were collected from a cohort of 72 German EMS personnel in order to measure concentrations of cortisol, endocannabinoids [i.e., anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)], and N-acylethanolamines [i.e., stearoylethanolamide (SEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)]. Rank correlation analyses were conducted to test associations of cortisol, endocannabinoid, and N-acylethanolamine concentrations with the EMS personnel’s workload, lifetime trauma exposure, and mental and physical health problems. We found a negative correlation between cortisol and 2-AG concentrations in hair. Higher hair cortisol was associated with higher workload. Reported traumatic stress during childhood and later in life as well as more severe depressive and physical stress symptoms were associated with elevated 2-AG, SEA, OEA, and PEA concentrations. Future longitudinal research needs to address the prospect of tracing biomolecular markers of glucocorticoid, endocannabinoid, and N-acylethanolamine activity as a predicting value of the long-term course of mental and physical well-being.
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Valdez LA, Gubrium AC, Markham J, Scott L, Hubert A, Meyer J, Buchanan D. A culturally and gender responsive stress and chronic disease prevention intervention for low/no-income African American men: The MOCHA moving forward randomized control trial protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 101:106240. [PMID: 33301990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Low/no-income, African American men are disproportionally burdened by chronic disease resulting from a complex interplay of systemic, sociocultural, and individual factors. These disparities are related to poverty, racism, gender role strain, high levels of stress, low levels of physical activity, and malnutritious diet. Men of Color Health Awareness (MOCHA) is a community-driven movement to address the physical, mental, social, and spiritual needs of men of color. As part of ongoing programming, the MOCHA Standard intervention consists of a 10-week program including: (1) small group discussions of issues particularly relevant to men of color, (2) classes on health topics focusing on chronic disease control, such as nutrition, obesity, high blood pressure, fitness, and the social determinants of health; and (3) 60-min of moderately intensive aerobic exercise twice a week. While the MOCHA Standard intervention has yielded positive results, feedback from previous participants warranted an in-depth sociocultural tailoring of the curriculum to improve community receptiveness, in particular, revising the sessions to "narrativize" the materials to strengthen their potential effectiveness. This manuscript describes the novel recruitment strategies; the development of an enhanced MOCHA+ Stories Matter program that uses narrative communication strategies; and the methodology used to assess the comparative effectiveness of the MOCHA Standard relative to MOCHA+ Stories Matter program in lowering stress and risk of chronic diseases in a randomized controlled trial. The results of this research will contribute to the identification of effective interventions to address health disparities in low-income African-American men and the dissemination of effective chronic disease prevention programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Valdez
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Arnold House, 715 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America.
| | - Aline C Gubrium
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Arnold House, 715 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America
| | - Jefferey Markham
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Arnold House, 715 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America
| | - Lamont Scott
- The Men of Color Health Awareness Project, 275 Chesnut St, Springfield, MA 01104, United States of America
| | - Albert Hubert
- The Men of Color Health Awareness Project, 275 Chesnut St, Springfield, MA 01104, United States of America
| | - Jerrold Meyer
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Tobin Hall, 135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America
| | - David Buchanan
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Arnold House, 715 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America
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Doan SN, Venkatesh S, Predroza M, Tarullo A, Meyer JS. Maternal expressive suppression moderates the relations between maternal and child hair cortisol. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:1150-1157. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Marceau K, Wang W, Robertson O, Shirtcliff EA. A systematic review of hair cortisol during pregnancy: Reference ranges and methodological considerations. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 122:104904. [PMID: 33080521 PMCID: PMC8634732 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study systematically reviewed 56 articles that assessed hair cortisol concentrations during pregnancy collected from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science on 8/9/19 and updated on 6/29/20. Our goals were to establish reference ranges by trimester based on published studies. The majority of any given sample (e.g., 70 %, the range of -1SD to +1SD) is expected to fall between 0 and 34.15 pg/mg in trimester 1 and 2, and between 8.59 and 44 pg/mg in trimester 3, with very wide ranges (e.g., values of >250 pg/mg) and substantially higher values (e.g., averages of 200's-300's reaching as high as 768 pg/mg) coming out of one specific lab. Delineating a reference range for hair cortisol concentrations across pregnancy is challenging because of known factors like differences in values returned by different laboratories and assay types. We observed inconsistency in descriptions of the data and data preparation steps post-assay. Key findings include that only half of the studies examining all three trimesters showed a constant increase in mean levels (most retrospectively assessed via segmenting), with considerable variability in patterns of change. None of the studies reported individual patterns of change. Examining within-person changes are an important next step for the field. We conclude that researchers should more clearly report decisions around outliers, units, and specifics of data transformations in the future in order to improve our ability to compare findings across studies, to understand differences in HCC values reported, and potentially to understand differences in reported associations of HCC with other phenotypes in the literature.
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Meyer JS, Novak MA. Assessment of prenatal stress-related cortisol exposure: focus on cortisol accumulation in hair and nails. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:409-436. [PMID: 32783213 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal stress adversely affects offspring development. Although cortisol is hypothesized to be a key mediator of stress-induced developmental deficits, determining the amount of fetal cortisol exposure produced by maternal stress has proved challenging. Current approaches, such as measuring cortisol concentrations in maternal plasma, saliva, or urine, amniotic fluid, fetal plasma, or cord blood, all have significant limitations for assessing cumulative fetal cortisol exposure over time. A recently emerging approach is to measure cortisol concentrations in maternal hair and/or newborn hair or nail samples. Maternal hair cortisol potentially shows long-term production across each trimester of pregnancy, whereas neonatal hair or nail cortisol is thought to reflect mainly third trimester hormone accumulation. This review first describes fetal adrenocortical development, placental cortisol metabolism, and the various sources of fetal cortisol exposure across pregnancy. We then summarize the results obtained from "classical" methods of assessing prenatal cortisol exposure prior to the advent of hair and nail cortisol measurement. Lastly, we discuss the initial development and validation of the hair cortisol methodology, its subsequent application to studies of chronic stress, and recent findings regarding maternal and neonatal hair or nail cortisol concentrations in relation to prenatal stress and other variables of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold S Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Melinda A Novak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Jankovic-Rankovic J, Oka RC, Meyer JS, Gettler LT. Forced migration experiences, mental well-being, and nail cortisol among recently settled refugees in Serbia. Soc Sci Med 2020; 258:113070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Caregiver depression is associated with hair cortisol in a low-income sample of preschool-aged children. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 117:104675. [PMID: 32402926 PMCID: PMC7798357 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregiver depression and child temperamental characteristics such as effortful control have been associated with child dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) has been increasingly adopted as an integrated marker of HPA axis activity. This study examined the associations between caregiver depressive symptoms, caregiver social support, child effortful control, and child HCC in a sample of a high-risk, low-income preschool-aged children. METHODS 154 caregivers comprised mostly of mothers and their children (2-to-5 years) who were enrolled in a birth cohort study conducted in poor urban neighborhoods of São Paulo, Brazil. Through personal interviews at their homes, caregivers provided ratings of their psychosocial experiences and of their child's behavior. Hair was sampled from children with at least a 3-cm hair length. RESULTS In a multivariable regression analysis, an unadjusted model showed child age to be negatively associated with HCC (β = -0.32, p < .001). The adjusted model, which accounted for child age and sex, showed a positive relationship between caregiver depressive symptoms and HCC (β = 0.22, p < .01). Caregiver social support and child effortful control were not associated with HCC. CONCLUSIONS The elevated HCC among children with caregivers reporting greater depression risk is consistent with prior findings showing elevated HCC among children exposed to persistent stress. Stabilization of child HCC may be occurring within preschool children given the negative association between HCC and age. Greater research is needed to determine whether the effects of caregiver social support and effortful control can be captured through HCC.
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Anand KJS, Rovnaghi CR, Rigdon J, Qin F, Tembulkar S, Murphy LE, Barr DA, Gotlib IH, Tylavsky FA. Demographic and psychosocial factors associated with hair cortisol concentrations in preschool children. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:1119-1127. [PMID: 31791042 PMCID: PMC7196501 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress has enduring effects on physical and mental health. Hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) reflect exposures to contextual stressors in early life, but are understudied in preschool children. METHODS Hair samples from children (N = 693) during clinic visits (CVs) scheduled at 1-4 years (CV1-CV4) were measured using validated assay methods for HCC. RESULTS HCCs were highest at CV1 and decreased at CV2-CV4, with no sex differences. Black children had higher HCC than White/other children; these differences persisted even after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Bivariable analyses showed significant effects on HCC for Black race, with specific demographic and psychosocial factors at different ages. Multivariable analyses showed that higher HCC at CV1 were associated with Black race and male sex; at CV2 with Black race, lower maternal self-esteem, socioeconomic adversity, and the child's risk for developmental delay; at CV3 with Black race; at CV4 with maternal depression and the child's prior HCC values. CONCLUSIONS HCCs were higher in Black children than White/other races; differences were related to maternal factors, socioeconomic adversity, and the child's risk for developmental delay. Public health measures to reduce disparities between Blacks and other races must also consider the long-term effects of chronic stress in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine;,Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Cynthia R. Rovnaghi
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Joseph Rigdon
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (currently at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC)
| | - FeiFei Qin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (currently at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC)
| | - Sahil Tembulkar
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Laura E. Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Boling Center for Developmental Disabilities, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Donald A. Barr
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University School of Humanities & Sciences, Stanford, CA
| | - Frances A. Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
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Stetler CA, Guinn V. Cumulative cortisol exposure increases during the academic term: Links to performance-related and social-evaluative stressors. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 114:104584. [PMID: 31982677 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether cumulative cortisol production changes during a period of increased demands when cortisol and stress are assessed concurrently. The study also compared stress perceptions vs. cumulative stressful events on their respective association with cortisol output. Finally, it explored whether certain types of stressful events, those involving school/job performance or social-evaluative threat, were linked to cortisol levels across multiple weeks. METHOD The current study assessed cumulative cortisol production via hair sample in 56 undergraduates (88 % female) during both lower stress (summer break) and higher stress (academic term) periods. During the latter, both negative events (checklist) and stress perceptions were assessed weekly, and these reports were aggregated across the 10-weeks to minimize retrospective bias. RESULTS Cortisol levels in hair samples were significantly higher (d = 0.84) during the academic term (M = 14.24 pg/mg, SD = 11.36) compared to summer break (M = 8.00 pg/mg, SD = 4.14), suggesting greater cumulative exposure to cortisol. Although perceived stress was not associated with cortisol levels (rpartial(53) = .10, p = 0.46), exposure to more stressful events (rpartial(53) = .27, p = 0.047), particularly events involving academic demands (rpartial(53) = .37, p = 0.006), or negative evaluation/social rejection (rpartial(53) = .27, p = 0.045), was positively associated with cumulative cortisol exposure. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that cortisol levels in hair may be linked to cumulative exposure to stressors when measured concurrently (3 months), and that stressful events, rather than perceptions, are reflected in HPA axis activity. Real-world stressors involving performance demands and social-evaluative threat accumulate to enhance cortisol production, consistent with their acute HPA effects in the lab. Hair samples may provide a window into the past by allowing researchers to feasibly assess cortisol production before, during, and after the onset of a chronic stressor.
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