1
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Arnold IC, Munitz A. Spatial adaptation of eosinophils and their emerging roles in homeostasis, infection and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01048-y. [PMID: 38982311 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that are traditionally associated with type 2 immune responses, such as those that occur during parasite infections and allergy. Emerging evidence demonstrates the remarkable functional plasticity of this elusive cell type and its pleiotropic functions in diverse settings. Eosinophils broadly contribute to tissue homeostasis, host defence and immune regulation, predominantly at mucosal sites. The scope of their activities primarily reflects the breadth of their portfolio of secreted mediators, which range from cytotoxic cationic proteins and reactive oxygen species to multiple cytokines, chemokines and lipid mediators. Here, we comprehensively review basic eosinophil biology that is directly related to their activities in homeostasis, protective immunity, regeneration and cancer. We examine how dysregulation of these functions contributes to the physiopathology of a broad range of inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings regarding the tissue compartmentalization and adaptation of eosinophils, shedding light on the factors that likely drive their functional diversification within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C Arnold
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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2
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Day KS, Rempel L, Rossi FMV, Theret M. Origins and functions of eosinophils in two non-mucosal tissues. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368142. [PMID: 38585275 PMCID: PMC10995313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte named after the presence of their eosin-stained granules. Traditionally, eosinophils have been best known to play prominent roles in anti-parasitic responses and mediating allergic reactions. Knowledge of their behaviour has expanded with time, and they are now recognized to play integral parts in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal, respiratory, skeletal muscle, adipose, and connective tissue systems. As such, they are implicated in a myriad of pathologies, and have been the target of several medical therapies. This review focuses on the lifespan of eosinophils, from their origins in the bone marrow, to their tissue-resident role. In particular, we wish to highlight the functions of eosinophils in non-mucosal tissues with skeletal muscle and the adipose tissues as examples, and to discuss the current understanding of their participation in diseased states in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S. Day
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Rempel
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fabio M. V. Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marine Theret
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Wakamatsu S, Jojima T, Hashiguchi M, Kishi H, Niitani T, Sakurai S, Iijima T, Kogai T, Tomaru T, Usui I, Aso Y. Inhibition of IL-33 signaling ameliorate hepatic fibrosis with decreasing MCP-1 in a mouse model of diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; comparison for luseogliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108650. [PMID: 38035640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally, and seeking therapeutic molecule targets is urgent. Several studies have demonstrated that IL-33 plays an important role in the progression of Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis and the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether the inhibition of IL-33 signaling prevents NAFLD from progressing to NASH and HCC has not been clarified. We investigated the effects of a novel antibody, IL-33RAb, and luseogliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, when administered to a model mouse for NASH and HCC, and their effects were compared to investigate the mechanisms of how IL-33 is involved in the pathogenesis of NASH progression. Compared with the positive control of luseogliflozin, inhibition of IL-33 signaling ameliorated decreasing hepatic fibrosis via decreasingαSMA and MCP-1, and also partially suppressed the progression of the HCC cell line in in vitro experiments. These findings suggest that inhibition of IL-33 possibly prevents progression from NASH to HCC, and their effect may be a newly arrived therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Wakamatsu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Teruo Jojima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Hashiguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Haruka Kishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Takafumi Niitani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sakurai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Toshie Iijima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kogai
- Department of Infection Control and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Takuya Tomaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Yoshimasa Aso
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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4
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Xu M, Li C, Yang J, Ye A, Yan L, Yeoh BS, Shi L, Kim YS, Kang J, Vijay-Kumar M, Xiong N. Activation of CD81 + skin ILC2s by cold-sensing TRPM8 + neuron-derived signals maintains cutaneous thermal homeostasis. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabe0584. [PMID: 35714201 PMCID: PMC9327500 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As the outermost barrier tissue of the body, the skin harbors a large number of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that help maintain local homeostasis in the face of changing environments. How skin-resident ILCs are regulated and function in local homeostatic maintenance is poorly understood. We here report the discovery of a cold-sensing neuron-initiated pathway that activates skin group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) to help maintain thermal homeostasis. In stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) knockout mice whose skin is defective in heat maintenance, chronic cold stress induced excessive activation of CCR10-CD81+ST2+ skin ILC2s and associated inflammation. Mechanistically, stimulation of the cold-sensing receptor TRPM8 expressed in sensory neurons of the skin led to increased production of IL-18, which, in turn, activated skin ILC2s to promote thermogenesis. Our findings reveal a neuroimmune link that regulates activation of skin ILC2s to support thermal homeostasis and promotes skin inflammation after hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Centre
for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802, USA,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular
Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
78229, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular
Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
78229, USA,Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China
Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Centre
for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Amy Ye
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Centre
for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802, USA,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular
Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
78229, USA
| | - Liping Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular
Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
78229, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of
Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lai Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yu Shin Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, University
of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio,
TX 78229
| | - Joonsoo Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts
Medical School, Albert Sherman Center Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of
Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Na Xiong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular
Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
78229, USA,Department of Medicine-Division of Dermatology and
Cutaneous Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San
Antonio, TX 78229, USA,Correspondence to N.X.
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5
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Abstract
Neuronal innervation in the adipose tissues plays a crucial role in regulating adipose thermogenic capacity and metabolic homeostasis. The tissue-wide nerves display a large extent of structural plasticity under physiological and pathological conditions that alter the neuronal control of metabolic states. We find here that neuronal plasticity is regulated by immune cells, which constitutes an appealing way to reshape neural-controlled energy balance by targeting immune components. Sympathetic innervation regulates energy balance, and the nerve density in the adipose tissues changes under various metabolic states, resulting in altered neuronal control and conferring resilience to metabolic challenges. However, the impact of the immune milieu on neuronal innervation is not known. Here, we examined the regulatory role on nerve plasticity by eosinophils and found they increased cell abundance in response to cold and produced nerve growth factor (NGF) in the white adipose tissues (WAT). Deletion of Ngf from eosinophils or depletion of eosinophils impairs cold-induced axonal outgrowth and beiging process. The spatial proximity between sympathetic nerves, IL-33–expressing stromal cells, and eosinophils was visualized in both human and mouse adipose tissues. At the cellular level, the sympathetic adrenergic signal induced calcium flux in the stromal cells and subsequent release of IL-33, which drove the up-regulation of IL-5 from group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), leading to eosinophil accretion. We propose a feed-forward loop between sympathetic activity and type 2 immunity that coordinately enhances sympathetic innervation and promotes energy expenditure.
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6
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Abstract
Our understanding of the functions of the IL-1 superfamily cytokine and damage-associated molecular pattern IL-33 continues to evolve with our understanding of homeostasis and immunity. The early findings that IL-33 is a potent driver of type 2 immune responses promoting parasite expulsion, but also inflammatory diseases like allergy and asthma, have been further supported. Yet, as the importance of a type 2 response in tissue repair and homeostasis has emerged, so has the fundamental importance of IL-33 to these processes. In this review, we outline an evolving understanding of IL-33 immunobiology, paying particular attention to how IL-33 directs a network of ST2+ regulatory T cells, reparative and regulatory macrophages, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells that are fundamental to tissue development, homeostasis, and repair. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelen K. Dwyer
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Louise M. D'Cruz
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hēth R. Turnquist
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Abstract
The immune and endocrine systems collectively control homeostasis in the body. The endocrine system ensures that values of essential factors and nutrients such as glucose, electrolytes and vitamins are maintained within threshold values. The immune system resolves local disruptions in tissue homeostasis, caused by pathogens or malfunctioning cells. The immediate goals of these two systems do not always align. The immune system benefits from optimal access to nutrients for itself and restriction of nutrient availability to all other organs to limit pathogen replication. The endocrine system aims to ensure optimal nutrient access for all organs, limited only by the nutrients stores that the body has available. The actual state of homeostatic parameters such as blood glucose levels represents a careful balance based on regulatory signals from the immune and endocrine systems. This state is not static but continuously adjusted in response to changes in the current metabolic needs of the body, the amount of resources it has available and the level of threats it encounters. This balance is maintained by the ability of the immune and endocrine systems to interact and co-regulate systemic metabolism. In context of metabolic disease, this system is disrupted, which impairs functionality of both systems. The failure of the endocrine system to retain levels of nutrients such as glucose within threshold values impairs functionality of the immune system. In addition, metabolic stress of organs in context of obesity is perceived by the immune system as a disruption in local homeostasis, which it tries to resolve by the excretion of factors which further disrupt normal metabolic control. In this chapter, we will discuss how the immune and endocrine systems interact under homeostatic conditions and during infection with a focus on blood glucose regulation. In addition, we will discuss how this system fails in the context of metabolic disease.
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8
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Desharnais L, Walsh LA, Quail DF. Exploiting the obesity-associated immune microenvironment for cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 229:107923. [PMID: 34171329 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity causes chronic low-grade inflammation and leads to changes in the immune landscape of multiple organ systems. Given the link between chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer, it is not surprising that obesity is associated with increased risk and worse outcomes in many malignancies. Paradoxically, recent epidemiological studies have shown that high BMI is associated with increased efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and a causal relationship has been demonstrated in the preclinical setting. It has been proposed that obesity-associated immune dysregulation underlies this observation by inadvertently creating a favourable microenvironment for increased ICI efficacy. The recent success of ICIs in obese cancer patients raises the possibility that additional immune-targeted therapies may hold therapeutic value in this context. Here we review how obesity affects the immunological composition of the tumor microenvironment in ways that can be exploited for cancer immunotherapies. We discuss existing literature supporting a beneficial role for obesity during ICI therapy in cancer patients, potential opportunities for targeting the innate immune system to mitigate chronic inflammatory processes, and how to pinpoint obese patients who are most likely to benefit from immune interventions without relying solely on body mass index. Given that the incidence of obesity is expanding on an international scale, we propose that understanding obesity-associated inflammation is necessary to reduce cancer mortalities and capitalize on novel therapeutic opportunities in the era of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne Desharnais
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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9
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Kang SG, Lee SE, Choi MJ, Chang JY, Kim JT, Zhang BY, Kang YE, Lee JH, Yi HS, Shong M. Th2 Cytokines Increase the Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in the Liver. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061298. [PMID: 34073755 PMCID: PMC8225035 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are the major T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines, and they are involved in the regulation of metabolism in the adipose tissue. The liver contains diverse innate and adaptive immune cells, but it remains to be determined whether Th2 cytokines modulate energy metabolism in the liver. Here, using gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the BXD mouse reference population, we determined that the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 increase the secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in the liver. In vitro experiments confirmed that FGF21 was highly expressed in response to IL-4 and IL-13, and this response was abolished by the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) blockade. Moreover, FGF21 expression in response to Th2 cytokines was augmented by selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) inhibition. In vivo administration of IL-4 increased FGF21 protein levels in the liver in a STAT6-dependent manner, but FGF21 secretion in response to IL-4 was not observed in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) despite the activation of STAT6. Intraperitoneal administration of IL-33, an activator of type 2 immune responses, significantly increased the level of FGF21 in the serum and liver after 24 h, but repeated administration of IL-33 attenuated this effect. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the IL-4/IL-13–STAT6 axis regulates metabolic homeostasis through the induction of FGF21 in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Gi Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.-E.L.); (M.-J.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (J.-T.K.); (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.-E.L.); (M.-J.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (J.-T.K.); (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.-E.L.); (M.-J.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (J.-T.K.); (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Joon-Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.-E.L.); (M.-J.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (J.-T.K.); (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jung-Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.-E.L.); (M.-J.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (J.-T.K.); (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Ben-Yuan Zhang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.-E.L.); (M.-J.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (J.-T.K.); (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Yea-Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.-E.L.); (M.-J.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (J.-T.K.); (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.-E.L.); (M.-J.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (J.-T.K.); (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.-E.L.); (M.-J.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (J.-T.K.); (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-G.K.); (S.-E.L.); (M.-J.C.); (J.-Y.C.); (J.-T.K.); (B.-Y.Z.); (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.Y.); (M.S.)
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10
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Poniewierska-Baran A, Tokarz-Deptuła B, Deptuła W. The role of innate lymphoid cells in selected disease states - cancer formation, metabolic disorder and inflammation. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:196-206. [PMID: 33488872 PMCID: PMC7811321 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.89835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently described group of immune cells that can regulate homeostasis and protect mammalian organisms, including humans, from infections and diseases. Considering this, ILC research is still ongoing to better understand the biology of these cells and their roles in the human body. ILCs are a multifunctional group of immune cells, making it important for the medical community to be familiar with the latest research about the ILC families and their functions in selected disease states, such as cancer formation, metabolic disorders and inflammation. By discovering the roles of ILC populations and their participation in many disorders, we can improve disease diagnostics and patient healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beata Tokarz-Deptuła
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Deptuła
- Veterinary Center of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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11
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Vohralik EJ, Psaila AM, Knights AJ, Quinlan KGR. EoTHINophils: Eosinophils as key players in adipose tissue homeostasis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1495-1505. [PMID: 32163614 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are granular cells of the innate immune system that are found in almost all vertebrates and some invertebrates. Knowledge of their wide-ranging roles in health and disease has largely been attained through studies in mice and humans. Although eosinophils are typically associated with helminth infections and allergic diseases such as asthma, there is building evidence that beneficial homeostatic eosinophils residing in specific niches are important for tissue development, remodelling and metabolic control. In recent years, the importance of immune cells in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis has been a focal point of research efforts. There is an abundance of anti-inflammatory innate immune cells in lean white adipose tissue, including macrophages, eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells, which promote energy homeostasis and stimulate the development of thermogenic beige adipocytes. This review will evaluate evidence for the role of adipose-resident eosinophils in local tissue homeostasis, beiging and systemic metabolism, highlighting where more research is needed to establish the specific effector functions that adipose eosinophils perform in response to different internal and external cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Vohralik
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annalise M Psaila
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander J Knights
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Li W, Li Y, Jin J. The essential function of IL-33 in metabolic regulation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:768-775. [PMID: 32445465 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is produced by various types of cells under physical or pathological conditions. As a multifunctional partner in health and disease, current evidence reveals that IL-33 also participates in several metabolic processes. IL-33 has been proven to contribute to regulating the activity of ST2+ group 2 innate lymphoid cells and regulatory T cells in adipose, which leads to the shift of insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance in glucose metabolism, thermogenesis, and adipocyte beiging in adipose metabolism. In this review, we briefly summarize the biological characteristics of Il-33 and discuss its regulatory function in glucose and adipose metabolism. By clarifying the underlying mechanism of IL-33, we highlight the crosstalk between immune response and metabolic processes mediated by IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiyuan Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jin Jin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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13
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Eichwald T, Talbot S. Neuro-Immunity Controls Obesity-Induced Pain. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:181. [PMID: 32581740 PMCID: PMC7295985 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity skyrocketed over the past decades to become a significant public health problem. Obesity is recognized as a low-grade inflammatory disease and is linked with several comorbidities such as diabetes, circulatory disease, common neurodegenerative diseases, as well as chronic pain. Adipocytes are a major neuroendocrine organ that continually, and systemically, releases pro-inflammatory factors. While the exact mechanisms driving obesity-induced pain remain poorly defined, nociceptor hypersensitivity may result from the systemic state of inflammation characteristic of obesity as well as weight surplus-induced mechanical stress. Obesity and pain also share various genetic mutations, lifestyle risk factors, and metabolic pathways. For instance, fat pads are often found hyper-innervated and rich in immune cell types of multiple origins. These immunocytes release cytokines, amplifying nociceptor function, which, in turn, via locally released neuropeptides, sustain immunocytes' function. Here, we posit that along with mechanical stress stemming from extra weight, the local neuro-immune interplay occurring within the fat pads maintains the state of chronic low-grade inflammation and heightens sensory hypersensitivity. Overall, stopping such harmful neuro-immune crosstalk may constitute a novel pathway to prevent obesity-associated comorbidities, including neuronal hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuany Eichwald
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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14
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Soltani N, Marandi SM, Kazemi M, Esmaeil N. The Exercise Training Modulatory Effects on the Obesity-Induced Immunometabolic Dysfunctions. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:785-810. [PMID: 32256095 PMCID: PMC7090203 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s234992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced physical activity rate in people's lifestyle is a global concern associated with the prevalence of health disorders such as obesity and metabolic disturbance. Ample evidence has indicated a critical role of the immune system in the aggravation of obesity. The type, duration, and production of adipose tissue-released mediators may change subsequent inactive lifestyle-induced obesity, leading to the chronic systematic inflammation and monocyte/macrophage (MON/MФ) phenotype polarization. Preliminary adipose tissue expansion can be inhibited by changing the lifestyle. In this context, exercise training is widely recommended due to a definite improvement of energy balance and the potential impacts on the inflammatory signaling cascades. How exercise training affects the immune system has not yet been fully elucidated, because its anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, or even immunosuppressive impacts have been indicated in the literature. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms triggered by exercise can suggest a new approach to combat meta-inflammation-induced metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarized the obesity-induced inflammatory pathways, the roles of MON/MФ polarization in adipose tissue and systemic inflammation, and the underlying inflammatory mechanisms triggered by exercise during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakisa Soltani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Sayed Mohammad Marandi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranTel +983137932358Fax +983136687572 Email
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Correspondence: Nafiseh Esmaeil Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan81744-176, IranTel +98 31 37929097Fax +98 3113 7929031 Email
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15
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Filippone RT, Sahakian L, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Eosinophils in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1140-1151. [PMID: 30856253 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical investigations in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have provided increasing evidence that eosinophils contribute to chronic intestinal inflammation. Accumulation of eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract correlates with the variations of eosinophil regulatory molecules; however, their role in gastrointestinal dysfunction in IBD has not been fully elucidated. This review will describe the development and characterization of gastrointestinal eosinophils, mechanisms of eosinophil recruitment to the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the eosinophil-induced changes to the enteric nervous system associated with disease severity and gastrointestinal dysfunction will be analyzed with suggestive molecular pathways for enteric neuronal injury. Current and potential therapeutic interventions targeting eosinophils will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon T Filippone
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lauren Sahakian
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine Western Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
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16
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IL-33 in obesity: where do we go from here? Inflamm Res 2019; 68:185-194. [PMID: 30656387 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-33 is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family and is classically associated with type 2-like immune responses. In the adipose tissue, IL-33 is related to the beiging of adipocytes and to the maintenance of adipose tissue-resident immune cells, such as innate lymphoid cells 2, alternatively activated macrophages and regulatory T cells, which contribute to the maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. In the obese adipose tissue, the number of these cells is diminished, unlike the expression of IL-33, which is up-regulated. However, despite its increased expression, IL-33 is not able to maintain the homeostasis of the obese adipose tissue. IL-33 treatment, on the other hand, highly improves obesity-related inflammatory and metabolic alterations. The evidence that exogenous IL-33, but not adipose tissue-driven IL-33, regulates the inflammatory process in obesity leaves a gap in the understanding of IL-33 biology. Thus, in this review we discuss the potential mechanisms associated with the impaired action of IL-33 in obesity.
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17
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Abstract
Immune cells are present in the adipose tissue (AT) and regulate its function. Under lean conditions, immune cells predominantly of type 2 immunity, including eosinophils, M2-like anti-inflammatory macrophages and innate lymphoid cells 2, contribute to the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis within the AT. In the course of obesity, pro-inflammatory immune cells, such as M1-like macrophages, prevail in the AT. Inflammation in the obese AT is associated with the development of metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Thus, the immune cell-adipocyte crosstalk in the AT is an important regulator of AT function and systemic metabolism. We discuss herein this crosstalk with a special focus on the role of innate immune cells in AT inflammation and metabolic homeostasis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Chung
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Marina Nati
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Knights AJ, Vohralik EJ, Hoehn KL, Crossley M, Quinlan KGR. Defining Eosinophil Function in Adiposity and Weight Loss. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800098. [PMID: 30132936 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite promising early work into the role of immune cells such as eosinophils in adipose tissue (AT) homeostasis, recent findings revealed that elevating the number of eosinophils in AT alone is insufficient for improving metabolic impairments in obese mice. Eosinophils are primarily recognized for their role in allergic immunity and defence against parasitic worms. They have also been detected in AT and appear to contribute to adipose homeostasis and drive energy expenditure, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. It has long been recognized that immune cells such as macrophages respond to external signals to regulate adipose homeostasis and energy balance, however, less is known about the relevance of eosinophil activity in AT. As the authors propose in this review, given recent debate over the relative importance of their tissue-specific abundance, the stage is now set for exploring the functionality and activation states of AT eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Knights
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Emily J Vohralik
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Merlin Crossley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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19
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Chun TT, Chung CS, Fallon EA, Hutchins NA, Clarke E, Rossi AL, Cioffi WG, Heffernan DS, Ayala A. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) Are Key Mediators of the Inflammatory Response in Polymicrobial Sepsis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2097-2108. [PMID: 29935165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major public health concern, characterized by marked immune dysfunction. Innate lymphoid cells develop from a common lymphoid precursor but have a role in orchestrating inflammation during innate response to infection. Here, we investigate the pathologic contribution of the group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in a murine model of acute septic shock (cecal ligation and puncture). Flow cytometric data revealed that ILC2s increase in number and percentage in the small intestine and in the peritoneal cells and inversely decline in the liver at 24 hours after septic insult. Sepsis also resulted in changes in ILC2 effector cytokine (IL-13) and activating cytokine (IL-33) in the plasma of mice and human patients in septic shock. Of interest, the sepsis-induced changes in cytokines were abrogated in mice deficient in functionally invariant natural killer T cells. Mice deficient in IL-13-producing cells, including ILC2s, had a survival advantage after sepsis along with decreased morphologic evidence of tissue injury and reduced IL-10 levels in the peritoneal fluid. Administration of a suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (IL-33R) receptor-blocking antibody led to a transient survival advantage. Taken together, these findings suggest that ILC2s may play an unappreciated role in mediating the inflammatory response in both mice and humans; further, modulating ILC2 response in vivo may allow development of immunomodulatory strategies directed against sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristen T Chun
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eleanor A Fallon
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Noelle A Hutchins
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Erlyana Clarke
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Anne-Lise Rossi
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - William G Cioffi
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Daithi S Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island; Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
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20
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Microenvironment of Immune Cells Within the Visceral Adipose Tissue Sensu Lato vs. Epicardial Adipose Tissue: What Do We Know? Inflammation 2018; 41:1142-1156. [PMID: 29846855 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The chronic low-grade inflammation of the visceral adipose tissue is now fully established as one of the main contributors to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, subsequently leading to metabolic syndrome and other associated cardiometabolic pathologies. The orchestration of immune response and the "ratio of responsibility" of different immune cell populations have been studied extensively over the last few years within the visceral adipose tissue in general sense (sensu lato). However, it is essential to clearly distinguish different types of visceral fat distribution. Visceral adipose tissue is not only the classical omental or epididymal depot, but includes also specific type of fat in the close vicinity to the myocardium-the epicardial adipose tissue. Disruption of this type of fat during obesity was found to have a unique and direct influence over the cardiovascular disease development. Therefore, epicardial adipose tissue and other types of visceral adipose tissue depots should be studied separately. The purpose of this review is to explore the present knowledge about the morphology and dynamics of individual populations of immune cells within the visceral adipose tissue sensu lato in comparison to the knowledge regarding the epicardial adipose tissue specifically.
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21
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Lampinen M, Fredricsson A, Vessby J, Martinez JF, Wanders A, Rorsman F, Carlson M. Downregulated eosinophil activity in ulcerative colitis with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:173-183. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0517-175r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lampinen
- Department of Medical Sciences; Gastroenterology Research Group; University Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Annika Fredricsson
- Department of Medical Sciences; Gastroenterology Research Group; University Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Johan Vessby
- Department of Medical Sciences; Gastroenterology Research Group; University Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Johana Fernandez Martinez
- Department of Medical Sciences; Gastroenterology Research Group; University Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alkwin Wanders
- Department of Medical Biosciences; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rorsman
- Department of Medical Sciences; Gastroenterology Research Group; University Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marie Carlson
- Department of Medical Sciences; Gastroenterology Research Group; University Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
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22
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Varricchi G, Galdiero MR, Loffredo S, Lucarini V, Marone G, Mattei F, Marone G, Schiavoni G. Eosinophils: The unsung heroes in cancer? Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1393134. [PMID: 29308325 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1393134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged low-grade inflammation or smoldering inflammation is a hallmark of a cancer. Eosinophils are components of the immune microenvironment that modulates tumor initiation and progression. Although canonically associated with a detrimental role in allergic disorders, these cells can induce a protective immune response against helminthes, viral and bacterial pathogens. Eosinophils are a source of anti-tumorigenic (e.g., TNF-α, granzyme, cationic proteins, and IL-18) and protumorigenic molecules (e.g., pro-angiogenic factors) depending on the milieu. In several neoplasias (e.g., melanoma, gastric, colorectal, oral and prostate cancer) eosinophils play an anti-tumorigenic role, in others (e.g., Hodgkin's lymphoma, cervical carcinoma) have been linked to poor prognosis, whereas in yet others they are apparently innocent bystanders. These seemingly conflicting results suggest that the role of eosinophils and their mediators could be cancer-dependent. The microlocalization (e.g., peritumoral vs intratumoral) of eosinophils could be another important aspect in the initiation/progression of solid and hematological tumors. Increasing evidence in experimental models indicates that activation/recruitment of eosinophils could represent a new therapeutic strategy for certain tumors (e.g., melanoma). Many unanswered questions should be addressed before we understand whether eosinophils are an ally, adversary or neutral bystanders in different types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucarini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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23
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Saetang J, Sangkhathat S. Role of innate lymphoid cells in obesity and metabolic disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1403-1412. [PMID: 29138853 PMCID: PMC5780078 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has previously been demonstrated to be associated with the pathophysiological development of metabolic abnormalities. However, the mechanisms linking immunity to metabolic disease remain to be fully elucidated. It has previously been suggested that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) may be involved in the progression of numerous types of metabolic diseases as these cells act as suppressors and promoters for obesity and associated conditions, and are particularly involved in adipose tissue inflammation, which is a major feature of metabolic imbalance. Group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) have been revealed as anti‑obese immune regulators by secreting anti‑inflammatory cytokines and promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages, whereas group 1 ILCs (ILC1s), including natural killer cells, may promote adipose tissue inflammation via production of interferon‑γ, which in turn polarizes macrophages toward the M1 type. The majority of studies to date have demonstrated the pathological association between ILCs and obesity in the context of adipose tissue inflammation, whereas the roles of ILCs in other organs which participate in obesity development have not been fully characterized. Therefore, identifying the roles of all types of ILCs as central components mediating obesity‑associated inflammation, is of primary concern, and may lead to the discovery of novel preventative and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirakrit Saetang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Tumor Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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24
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T H17 cells express ST2 and are controlled by the alarmin IL-33 in the small intestine. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1431-1442. [PMID: 28198366 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
TH17 cells are major drivers of inflammation and involved in several autoimmune diseases. Tissue inflammation is a beneficial host response to infection, but it can also contribute to autoimmunity. The crosstalk between a tissue and the immune system during an inflammatory response is key for preserving tissue integrity and restoring physiological processes. However, how the inflamed tissue regulates the magnitude of an immune response by controlling pro-inflammatory T cells is not well characterized so far. Here we show that TH17 cells accumulating in the small intestine upon inflammation express the IL-33 receptor (ST2) and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are the main source of the alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33). We show that pro-inflammatory TH17 cells acquire a regulatory phenotype with immunosuppressive properties in response to IL-33. Absence of ST2 signaling promotes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by TH17 cells and dampens the secretion of IL-10. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which IEC, via IL-33/ST2 axis, may control pro-inflammatory TH17 cells in the small intestine to sustain homeostasis.
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eosinophils are a subset of granulocytes generally associated with type 2 immune responses. They can contribute to protection against helminths but also mediate pro-inflammatory functions during allergic immune responses. Only recently, eosinophils were also found to exert many other functions such as regulation of glucose and fat metabolism, thermogenesis, survival of plasma cells, and antitumor activity. The mechanisms that control eosinophil development and survival are only partially understood. RECENT FINDINGS Here we review new findings regarding the role of cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic factors for eosinophilopoiesis and eosinophil homeostasis. Several reports provide new insights in the regulation of eosinophil development by transcription factors, miRNAs and epigenetic modifications. Danger signals like lipopolysaccharide or alarmins can activate eosinophils but also prolong their lifespan. We further reflect on the observations that eosinophil development is tightly controlled by the unfolded protein stress response and formation of cytoplasmic granules. SUMMARY Eosinophils emerge as important regulators of diverse biological processes. Their differentiation and survival is tightly regulated by factors that are still poorly understood. Newly identified pathways involved in eosinophilopoiesis and eosinophil homeostasis may lead to development of new therapeutic options for treatment of eosinophil-associated diseases.
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26
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Jackson-Jones LH, Rückerl D, Svedberg F, Duncan S, Maizels RM, Sutherland TE, Jenkins SJ, McSorley HJ, Bénézech C, MacDonald AS, Allen JE. IL-33 delivery induces serous cavity macrophage proliferation independent of interleukin-4 receptor alpha. Eur J Immunol 2017; 46:2311-2321. [PMID: 27592711 PMCID: PMC5082546 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
IL‐33 plays an important role in the initiation of type‐2 immune responses, as well as the enhancement of type 2 effector functions. Engagement of the IL‐33 receptor on macrophages facilitates polarization to an alternative activation state by amplifying IL‐4 and IL‐13 signaling to IL‐4Rα. IL‐4 and IL‐13 also induce macrophage proliferation but IL‐33 involvement in this process has not been rigorously evaluated. As expected, in vivo delivery of IL‐33 induced IL‐4Rα‐dependent alternative macrophage activation in the serous cavities. IL‐33 delivery also induced macrophages to proliferate but, unexpectedly, this was independent of IL‐4Rα signaling. In a filarial nematode infection model in which IL‐4Rα‐dependent alternative activation and proliferation in the pleural cavity is well described, IL‐33R was essential for alternative activation but not macrophage proliferation. Similarly, during Alternaria alternata induced airway inflammation, which provokes strong IL‐33 responses, we observed that both IL‐4Rα and IL‐33R were required for alternative activation, while macrophage proliferation in the pleural cavity was still evident in the absence of either receptor alone. Our data show that IL‐33R and IL‐4Rα promote macrophage proliferation independently of each other, but both are essential for induction of alternative activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy H Jackson-Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Dominik Rückerl
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Freya Svedberg
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sheelagh Duncan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Tara E Sutherland
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Henry J McSorley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.,Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Cécile Bénézech
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK. .,Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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27
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Lucarini V, Ziccheddu G, Macchia I, La Sorsa V, Peschiaroli F, Buccione C, Sistigu A, Sanchez M, Andreone S, D'Urso MT, Spada M, Macchia D, Afferni C, Mattei F, Schiavoni G. IL-33 restricts tumor growth and inhibits pulmonary metastasis in melanoma-bearing mice through eosinophils. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1317420. [PMID: 28680750 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1317420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarmin IL-33 is an IL-1 family member that stimulates pleiotropic immune reactions depending on the target tissue and microenvironmental factors. In this study, we have investigated the role of IL-33/ST2 axis in antitumor response to melanoma. Injection of IL-33 in mice-bearing subcutaneous B16.F10 melanoma resulted in significant tumor growth delay. This effect was associated with intratumoral accumulation of CD8+ T cells and eosinophils, decrease of immunosuppressive myeloid cells, and a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine expression pattern with local and systemic activation of CD8+ T and NK cells. Moreover, intranasal administration of IL-33 determined ST2-dependent eosinophil recruitment in the lung that prevented the onset of pulmonary metastasis after intravenous injection of melanoma cells. Accordingly, ST2-deficient mice developed pulmonary metastasis at higher extent than wild-type counterparts, associated with lower eosinophil frequencies in the lung. Of note, depletion of eosinophils by in vivo treatment with anti-Siglec-F antibody abolished the ability of IL-33 to both restrict primary tumor growth and metastasis formation. Finally, we show that IL-33 is able to activate eosinophils resulting in efficient killing of target melanoma cells, suggesting a direct antitumor activity of eosinophils following IL-33 treatment. Our results advocate for an eosinophil-mediated antitumoral function of IL-33 against melanoma, thus opening perspectives for novel cancer immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lucarini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ziccheddu
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Iole Macchia
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina La Sorsa
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Peschiaroli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Buccione
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Core Facilities Services Cytometry Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Andreone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa D'Urso
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Macchia
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Afferni
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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IL-33-Induced Cytokine Secretion and Survival of Mouse Eosinophils Is Promoted by Autocrine GM-CSF. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163751. [PMID: 27690378 PMCID: PMC5045177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are major effector cells during allergic responses and helminth infections. Recent studies further highlight eosinophils as important players in many other biological processes. Therefore it is important to understand how these cells can be modulated in terms of survival and effector function. In the present study we investigated how eosinophils respond to the alarmin IL-33. We show that IL-33 promotes eosinophil survival in a ST2- and MyD88-dependent manner. IL-33-mediated protection from apoptosis was dependent on autocrine GM-CSF release. In addition, GM-CSF increased the IL-33-induced secretion of IL-4 and IL-13 from eosinophils. Unexpectedly, this effect was further enhanced by cross-linking of Siglec-F, a proposed inhibitory and apopotosis-inducing receptor on eosinophils. Co-culture experiments with eosinophils and macrophages revealed that the IL-33-induced release of IL-4 and IL-13 from eosinophils was required for differentiation of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs). The differentiation of AAMs could be further increased in the presence of GM-CSF. These results indicate that cross-talk between Siglec-F and the receptors for IL-33, LPS and GM-CSF plays an important role for efficient secretion of IL-4 and IL-13. Deciphering the molecular details of this cross-talk could lead to the development of new therapeutic option to treat eosinophil-associated diseases.
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Chalubinski M, Luczak E, Wojdan K, Gorzelak-Pabis P, Broncel M. Innate lymphoid cells type 2 - emerging immune regulators of obesity and atherosclerosis. Immunol Lett 2016; 179:43-46. [PMID: 27646628 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The low-grade inflammation present in obese visceral adipose tissue impairs glucose metabolism, and contributes to the development of insulin resistance and weight gain. Immune processes occurring in response to the deposition of cholesterol within the vascular walls support atherosclerotic plaque growth and contribute to the cardiovascular complications. In both the obese adipose tissue and the atherosclerotic plaque, the Th1-type immune environment dominates over the Th2/Treg-type due to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α) and the deficiency of Th2-type processes and interleukins (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13). So far, Th2 cells and eosinophils have been considered as the main providers of Th2-type mediators and the basis of Th2-type immunity in tissues. However, recently discovered innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2s), which infiltrate lean visceral adipose tissue and the vascular wall, are believed to orchestrate local Th2-like immune responses. Upon activation by tissue-derived IL-33 and IL-25, ILCs2 secrete mostly IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13: cytokines responsible for the accumulation of eosinophils and polarization of alternatively-activated macrophages, which altogether create the beneficial anti-inflammatory and metabo-regulatory environment in the adipose tissue and the vascular wall. Consequently, ILC2s-orchestrated immune environment seems to prevent obesity and atherosclerosis. Thus, ILCs2 appear to be the emerging immune regulators of immune and metabolic homeostasis in both adipose tissue and the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chalubinski
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Emilia Luczak
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wojdan
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Gorzelak-Pabis
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
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30
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Pankratz N, Schick UM, Zhou Y, Zhou W, Ahluwalia TS, Allende ML, Auer PL, Bork-Jensen J, Brody JA, Chen MH, Clavo V, Eicher JD, Grarup N, Hagedorn EJ, Hu B, Hunker K, Johnson AD, Leusink M, Lu Y, Lyytikäinen LP, Manichaikul A, Marioni RE, Nalls MA, Pazoki R, Smith AV, van Rooij FJA, Yang ML, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Asselbergs FW, Boerwinkle E, Borecki IB, Bottinger EP, Cushman M, de Bakker PIW, Deary IJ, Dong L, Feitosa MF, Floyd JS, Franceschini N, Franco OH, Garcia ME, Grove ML, Gudnason V, Hansen T, Harris TB, Hofman A, Jackson RD, Jia J, Kähönen M, Launer LJ, Lehtimäki T, Liewald DC, Linneberg A, Liu Y, Loos RJF, Nguyen VM, Numans ME, Pedersen O, Psaty BM, Raitakari OT, Rich SS, Rivadeneira F, Di Sant AMR, Rotter JI, Starr JM, Taylor KD, Thuesen BH, Tracy RP, Uitterlinden AG, Wang J, Wang J, Dehghan A, Huo Y, Cupples LA, Wilson JG, Proia RL, Zon LI, O’Donnell CJ, Reiner AP, Ganesh SK. Meta-analysis of rare and common exome chip variants identifies S1PR4 and other loci influencing blood cell traits. Nat Genet 2016; 48:867-76. [PMID: 27399967 PMCID: PMC5145000 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematologic measures such as hematocrit and white blood cell (WBC) count are heritable and clinically relevant. We analyzed erythrocyte and WBC phenotypes in 52,531 individuals (37,775 of European ancestry, 11,589 African Americans, and 3,167 Hispanic Americans) from 16 population-based cohorts with Illumina HumanExome BeadChip genotypes. We then performed replication analyses of new discoveries in 18,018 European-American women and 5,261 Han Chinese. We identified and replicated four new erythrocyte trait-locus associations (CEP89, SHROOM3, FADS2, and APOE) and six new WBC loci for neutrophil count (S1PR4), monocyte count (BTBD8, NLRP12, and IL17RA), eosinophil count (IRF1), and total WBC count (MYB). The association of a rare missense variant in S1PR4 supports the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in leukocyte trafficking and circulating neutrophil counts. Loss-of-function experiments for S1pr4 in mouse and s1pr4 in zebrafish demonstrated phenotypes consistent with the association observed in humans and altered kinetics of neutrophil recruitment and resolution in response to tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ursula M Schick
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tarunveer Singh Ahluwalia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Maria Laura Allende
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul L Auer
- School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Vinna Clavo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John D Eicher
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elliott J Hagedorn
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bella Hu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristina Hunker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maarten Leusink
- Division Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raha Pazoki
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Frank J A van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Min-Lee Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Liguang Dong
- Jin Ding Street Community Healthy Center, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James S Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa E Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - David C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vy M Nguyen
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mattijs E Numans
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amanda M Rosa Di Sant
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Geriatric Medicine unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jiansong Wang
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Judy Wang
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O’Donnell
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran’s Administration Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Santhi K Ganesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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De Salvo C, Wang XM, Pastorelli L, Mattioli B, Omenetti S, Buela KA, Chowdhry S, Garg RR, Goodman WA, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Smith DE, Abbott DW, Cominelli F, Bamias G, Xin W, Lee JJ, Vecchi M, Pizarro TT. IL-33 Drives Eosinophil Infiltration and Pathogenic Type 2 Helper T-Cell Immune Responses Leading to Chronic Experimental Ileitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:885-98. [PMID: 26908008 PMCID: PMC5807926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although a clear association has been established between IL-33 and inflammatory bowel disease, mechanistic studies to date, primarily using acute murine models of colitis, have yielded contradicting results, demonstrating both pathogenic and protective roles. We used a well-characterized, spontaneous model of inflammatory bowel disease [ie, SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice] to investigate the role of IL-33 during chronic intestinal inflammation. Our results showed marked eosinophil infiltration into the gut mucosa with increased levels of eotaxins and type 2 helper T-cell (Th2) cytokines as disease progressed and became more severe, which could be reversed upon either eosinophil depletion or blockade of IL-33 signaling. Exogenous IL-33 administration recapitulated these effects in ilea of uninflamed (parental) control AKR/J mice. Human data supported these findings, showing colocalization and up-regulation of IL-33 and eosinophils in the colonic mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease patients versus noninflamed controls. Finally, colonization of commensal flora by fecal material transplantation into germ-free SAMP and the presence of the gut microbiome induced IL-33, subsequent eosinophil infiltration, and mounting of Th2 immune responses, leading to exacerbation of chronic intestinal inflammation characteristic of SAMP mice. These data demonstrate a pathogenic role for IL-33-mediated eosinophilia and activation of Th2 immunity in chronic intestinal inflammation that is dependent on the gut microbiome. Targeting IL-33 may represent a novel therapeutic approach to treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De Salvo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Luca Pastorelli
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mattioli
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sara Omenetti
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kristine A Buela
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Saleem Chowdhry
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rekha R Garg
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wendy A Goodman
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Dirk E Smith
- Inflammation Research, Amgen, Seattle, Washington
| | - Derek W Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Kapodistrian University of Athens and Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Wu D, Dawson NAJ, Levings MK. Obesity-Associated Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:743-50. [PMID: 26755439 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with the development of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, resulting in metabolic dysfunction and an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. It is also associated with multiple chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, liver, and kidney disease, and thus can contribute to organ failure. Several studies have investigated whether there is a correlation between obesity and outcomes in transplantation, but there is currently very limited information on the specific role of AT inflammation in the rejection process or on the overall function of the transplanted organ. Here, we provide a brief review of the current understanding of the cellular mechanisms that control obesity-associated AT inflammation and summarize knowledge about how obesity affects clinical outcomes following solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We also highlight opportunities for more research to better understand how obesity affects outcomes of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - N A J Dawson
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M K Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Bostick JW, Zhou L. Innate lymphoid cells in intestinal immunity and inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:237-52. [PMID: 26459449 PMCID: PMC11108440 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a new and distinct family of innate immune cells that play an important role in immunity and inflammation. In this review, we focus on the role of ILCs in mucosal tissues, especially in the gut, in health and disease. ILCs support intestinal homeostasis by protecting the intestine from pathogens, contributing to the development of gut lymphoid tissue, and helping to repair injuries. By cooperating with epithelial cells and other innate and adaptive immune cells, ILCs participate in the control of pathogens and tolerance of commensal bacteria. The development and maintenance of ILCs are influenced by nutrients and metabolites sourced from diet and/or gut bacteria. ILCs have been shown to be involved in host metabolism and to participate in various diseases of the intestine including infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Thus, the elucidation of ILC biology provides an exciting potential for development of novel therapeutic means to modulate immune responses in various disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Bostick
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Abstract
At least 2.8 million people die each year as a result of being overweight or obese, and the biggest burden being obesity-related diseases. Overweight and obesity account for a major proportion of type 2 diabetes (T2D) cases. Obesity is associated with inflammation in adipose tissue, namely an infiltration and expansion of macrophages, which produce inflammatory cytokines that interfere with insulin signaling, and a loss of protective cells that promote adipose homeostasis. Thus, it is now clear that inflammation is an underlying cause or contributor to T2D as well as many other obesity-induced diseases, including atherosclerosis and cancer. Inflammatory pathways contribute to impaired glucose handling by adipocytes, hepatocytes, and muscle cells and interfere with insulin production and insulin signaling. This review highlights the roles of the different immune populations in lean adipose tissue and their importance in tissue homeostasis to keep inflammation at bay. We also discuss the changes that occur in these immune cells during the development of obesity, which has detrimental effects on the health of adipose tissue, and local and systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kohlgruber
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Engelbertsen D, Foks AC, Alberts-Grill N, Kuperwaser F, Chen T, Lederer JA, Jarolim P, Grabie N, Lichtman AH. Expansion of CD25+ Innate Lymphoid Cells Reduces Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2526-35. [PMID: 26494229 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a newly discovered subset of immune cells that promote tissue homeostasis and protect against pathogens. ILCs produce cytokines also produced by T lymphocytes that have been shown to affect atherosclerosis, but the influence of ILCs on atherosclerosis has not been explored. APPROACH AND RESULTS We demonstrate that CD25(+) ILCs that produce type 2 cytokines (ILC2s) are present in the aorta of atherosclerotic immunodeficient ldlr(-/-)rag1(-/-) mice. To investigate the role of ILCs in atherosclerosis, ldlr(-/-)rag1(-/-) mice were concurrently fed an atherogenic diet and treated with either ILC-depleting anti-CD90.2 antibodies or IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes that expand CD25(+) ILCs. Lesion development was not affected by anti-CD90.2 treatment, but was reduced in IL-2/anti-IL-2-treated mice. These IL-2-treated mice had reduced very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased triglycerides compared with controls and reduced apolipoprotein B100 gene expression in the liver. IL-2/anti-IL-2 treatment caused expansion of ILC2s in aorta and other tissues, elevated levels of IL-5, systemic eosinophila, and hepatic eosinophilic inflammation. Blockade of IL-5 reversed the IL-2 complex-induced eosinophilia but did not change lesion size. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that expansion of CD25-expressing ILCs by IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes leads to a reduction in very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Global depletion of ILCs by anti-CD90.2 did not significantly affect lesion size indicating that different ILC subsets may have divergent effects on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Engelbertsen
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amanda C Foks
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Noah Alberts-Grill
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Felicia Kuperwaser
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tao Chen
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James A Lederer
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Petr Jarolim
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nir Grabie
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Wensveen FM, Valentić S, Šestan M, Turk Wensveen T, Polić B. The “Big Bang” in obese fat: Events initiating obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix M. Wensveen
- Department of Histology & Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Amsterdam Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Valentić
- Department of Histology & Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | - Marko Šestan
- Department of Histology & Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
| | | | - Bojan Polić
- Department of Histology & Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Rijeka; Rijeka Croatia
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Han JM, Wu D, Denroche HC, Yao Y, Verchere CB, Levings MK. IL-33 Reverses an Obesity-Induced Deficit in Visceral Adipose Tissue ST2+ T Regulatory Cells and Ameliorates Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4777-83. [PMID: 25870243 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and inflammation thought to be caused by a visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-localized reduction in immunoregulatory cells and increase in proinflammatory immune cells. We previously found that VAT regulatory T cells (Tregs) normally express high levels of IL-10 and that expression of this cytokine in VAT Tregs is specifically reduced in mice fed a high-fat diet. In this study, we further investigated the phenotype of VAT Tregs and found that the majority of IL-10-expressing Tregs in the VAT of lean mice also expressed the ST2 chain of the IL-33R. In addition to high expression of IL-10, ST2(+) Tregs in lean VAT expressed higher proportions of Th2-associated proteins, including GATA3 and CCR4, and Neuropillin-1 compared with ST2(-) Tregs. The proportion of ST2(+) Tregs in VAT was severely diminished in obese mice that had been fed a high-fat/sucrose diet, and this effect could be completely reversed by treatment with IL-33. IL-33 treatment also reversed VAT inflammation in obese mice and resulted in a reduction of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. These data suggest that IL-33 contributes to the maintenance of the normal pool of ST2(+) Tregs in the VAT, and that therapeutic administration of IL-33 results in multiple anti-obesity effects, including the reversal of VAT inflammation and alleviation of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Han
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Heather C Denroche
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
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