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Cagol A, Tsagkas C, Granziera C. Advanced Brain Imaging in Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2024; 34:335-357. [PMID: 38942520 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, advances in neuroimaging have profoundly transformed our comprehension of central nervous system demyelinating diseases. Remarkable technological progress has enabled the integration of cutting-edge acquisition and postprocessing techniques, proving instrumental in characterizing subtle focal changes, diffuse microstructural alterations, and macroscopic pathologic processes. This review delves into state-of-the-art modalities applied to multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Furthermore, it explores how this dynamic landscape holds significant promise for the development of effective and personalized clinical management strategies, encompassing support for differential diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring treatment response, and patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cagol
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167b, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 2, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via A. Pastore, 1 16132 Genova, Italy. https://twitter.com/CagolAlessandr0
| | - Charidimos Tsagkas
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167b, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cristina Granziera
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167b, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 2, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Cooze B, Neal J, Vineed A, Oliveira JC, Griffiths L, Allen KH, Hawkins K, Yadanar H, Gerhards K, Farkas I, Reynolds R, Howell O. Digital Pathology Identifies Associations between Tissue Inflammatory Biomarkers and Multiple Sclerosis Outcomes. Cells 2024; 13:1020. [PMID: 38920650 PMCID: PMC11201856 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a clinically heterogeneous disease underpinned by inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative processes, the extent of which varies between individuals and over the course of the disease. Recognising the clinicopathological features that most strongly associate with disease outcomes will inform future efforts at patient phenotyping. AIMS We used a digital pathology workflow, involving high-resolution image acquisition of immunostained slides and opensource software for quantification, to investigate the relationship between clinical and neuropathological features in an autopsy cohort of progressive MS. METHODS Sequential sections of frontal, cingulate and occipital cortex, thalamus, brain stem (pons) and cerebellum including dentate nucleus (n = 35 progressive MS, females = 28, males = 7; age died = 53.5 years; range 38-98 years) were immunostained for myelin (anti-MOG), neurons (anti-HuC/D) and microglia/macrophages (anti-HLA). The extent of demyelination, neurodegeneration, the presence of active and/or chronic active lesions and quantification of brain and leptomeningeal inflammation was captured by digital pathology. RESULTS Digital analysis of tissue sections revealed the variable extent of pathology that characterises progressive MS. Microglia/macrophage activation, if found at a higher level in a single block, was typically elevated across all sampled blocks. Compartmentalised (perivascular/leptomeningeal) inflammation was associated with age-related measures of disease severity and an earlier death. CONCLUSION Digital pathology identified prognostically important clinicopathological correlations in MS. This methodology can be used to prioritise the principal pathological processes that need to be captured by future MS biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cooze
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (B.C.); (A.V.); (J.C.O.); (L.G.); (K.H.A.); (K.H.); (H.Y.); (K.G.); (O.H.)
| | - James Neal
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (B.C.); (A.V.); (J.C.O.); (L.G.); (K.H.A.); (K.H.); (H.Y.); (K.G.); (O.H.)
| | - Alka Vineed
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (B.C.); (A.V.); (J.C.O.); (L.G.); (K.H.A.); (K.H.); (H.Y.); (K.G.); (O.H.)
| | - J. C. Oliveira
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (B.C.); (A.V.); (J.C.O.); (L.G.); (K.H.A.); (K.H.); (H.Y.); (K.G.); (O.H.)
| | - Lauren Griffiths
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (B.C.); (A.V.); (J.C.O.); (L.G.); (K.H.A.); (K.H.); (H.Y.); (K.G.); (O.H.)
| | - K. H. Allen
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (B.C.); (A.V.); (J.C.O.); (L.G.); (K.H.A.); (K.H.); (H.Y.); (K.G.); (O.H.)
| | - Kristen Hawkins
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (B.C.); (A.V.); (J.C.O.); (L.G.); (K.H.A.); (K.H.); (H.Y.); (K.G.); (O.H.)
| | - Htoo Yadanar
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (B.C.); (A.V.); (J.C.O.); (L.G.); (K.H.A.); (K.H.); (H.Y.); (K.G.); (O.H.)
| | - Krisjanis Gerhards
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (B.C.); (A.V.); (J.C.O.); (L.G.); (K.H.A.); (K.H.); (H.Y.); (K.G.); (O.H.)
| | - Ildiko Farkas
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (I.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (I.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Owain Howell
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (B.C.); (A.V.); (J.C.O.); (L.G.); (K.H.A.); (K.H.); (H.Y.); (K.G.); (O.H.)
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Barateau L, Krache A, Da Costa A, Lecendreux M, Debs R, Chenini S, Arlicot N, Vourc'h P, Evangelista E, Alonso M, Salabert AS, Silva S, Béziat S, Jaussent I, Mariano-Goulart D, Payoux P, Dauvilliers Y. Microglia Density and Its Association With Disease Duration, Severity, and Orexin Levels in Patients With Narcolepsy Type 1. Neurology 2024; 102:e209326. [PMID: 38669634 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is due to the loss of hypothalamic neurons that produce orexin (ORX), by a suspected immune-mediated process. Rare postmortem studies are available and failed to detect any inflammation in the hypothalamic region, but these brains were collected years after the first symptoms. In vivo studies close to disease onset are lacking. We aimed to explore microglia density in the hypothalamus and thalamus in NT1 compared with controls using [18F]DPA-714 PET and to study in NT1 the relationships between microglia density in the hypothalamus and in other regions of interest (ROIs) with disease duration, severity, and ORX levels. METHODS Patients with NT1 and controls underwent a standardized clinical evaluation and [18F]DPA-714 PET imaging using a radiolabeled ligand specific to the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO). TSPO genotyping determined receptor affinity. Images were processed on peripheral module interface using standard uptake value (SUV) on ROIs: hypothalamus, thalamus, frontal area, cerebellum, and the whole brain. SUV ratios (SUVr) were calculated by normalizing SUV with cerebellum uptake. RESULTS A total of 41 patients with NT1 (21 adults, 20 children, 10 with recent disease onset <1 year) and 35 controls were included, with no significant difference between groups for [18F]DPA-714 binding (SUV/SUVr) in the hypothalamus and thalamus. Unexpectedly, significantly lower SUVr in the whole brain was found in NT1 compared with controls (0.97 ± 0.06 vs 1.08 ± 0.22, p = 0.04). The same finding between NT1 and controls in the whole brain was observed in those with high or mixed TSPO affinity (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04). Similar trend was observed in the frontal area in NT1 (0.96 ± 0.09 vs 1.09 ± 0.25, p = 0.05). In NT1, no association was found between SUVr in different ROIs and age, disease duration, severity, or ORX levels. DISCUSSION We found no evidence of in vivo increased microglia density in NT1 compared with controls, even close to disease onset, and even unexpectedly a decrease in the whole brain of these patients. These findings do not support the presence of neuroinflammation in the destruction process of ORX neurons. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.org NCT03754348.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Barateau
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Anis Krache
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Da Costa
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Lecendreux
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Rachel Debs
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Sofiene Chenini
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Arlicot
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Elisa Evangelista
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Alonso
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Salabert
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Stein Silva
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Séverine Béziat
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Jaussent
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Mariano-Goulart
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
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4
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Sandström A, Torrado-Carvajal A, Morrissey EJ, Kim M, Alshelh Z, Zhu Y, Li MD, Chang CY, Jarraya M, Akeju O, Schrepf A, Harris RE, Kwon YM, Bedair H, Chen AF, Mercaldo ND, Kettner N, Napadow V, Toschi N, Edwards RR, Loggia ML. [ 11 C]-PBR28 positron emission tomography signal as an imaging marker of joint inflammation in knee osteoarthritis. Pain 2024; 165:1121-1130. [PMID: 38015622 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although inflammation is known to play a role in knee osteoarthritis (KOA), inflammation-specific imaging is not routinely performed. In this article, we evaluate the role of joint inflammation, measured using [ 11 C]-PBR28, a radioligand for the inflammatory marker 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), in KOA. Twenty-one KOA patients and 11 healthy controls (HC) underwent positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) knee imaging with the TSPO ligand [ 11 C]-PBR28. Standardized uptake values were extracted from regions-of-interest (ROIs) semiautomatically segmented from MRI data, and compared across groups (HC, KOA) and subgroups (unilateral/bilateral KOA symptoms), across knees (most vs least painful), and against clinical variables (eg, pain and Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] grades). Overall, KOA patients demonstrated elevated [ 11 C]-PBR28 binding across all knee ROIs, compared with HC (all P 's < 0.005). Specifically, PET signal was significantly elevated in both knees in patients with bilateral KOA symptoms (both P 's < 0.01), and in the symptomatic knee ( P < 0.05), but not the asymptomatic knee ( P = 0.95) of patients with unilateral KOA symptoms. Positron emission tomography signal was higher in the most vs least painful knee ( P < 0.001), and the difference in pain ratings across knees was proportional to the difference in PET signal ( r = 0.74, P < 0.001). Kellgren-Lawrence grades neither correlated with PET signal (left knee r = 0.32, P = 0.19; right knee r = 0.18, P = 0.45) nor pain ( r = 0.39, P = 0.07). The current results support further exploration of [ 11 C]-PBR28 PET signal as an imaging marker candidate for KOA and a link between joint inflammation and osteoarthritis-related pain severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Sandström
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angel Torrado-Carvajal
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Medical Image Analysis and Biometry Laboratory, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erin J Morrissey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Minhae Kim
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zeynab Alshelh
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yehui Zhu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew D Li
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Connie Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew Schrepf
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Richard E Harris
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine CA, United States
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Young-Min Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hany Bedair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathaniel D Mercaldo
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Norman Kettner
- Department of Radiology, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome, "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marco L Loggia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Blaschke SJ, Rautenberg N, Endepols H, Jendro A, Konrad J, Vlachakis S, Wiedermann D, Schroeter M, Hoffmann B, Merkel R, Marklund N, Fink GR, Rueger MA. Early Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment as a Pathological Hallmark in a Novel Model of Closed-Head Concussive Brain Injury (CBI) in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4837. [PMID: 38732053 PMCID: PMC11084321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Concussion, caused by a rotational acceleration/deceleration injury mild enough to avoid structural brain damage, is insufficiently captured in recent preclinical models, hampering the relation of pathophysiological findings on the cellular level to functional and behavioral deficits. We here describe a novel model of unrestrained, single vs. repetitive concussive brain injury (CBI) in male C56Bl/6j mice. Longitudinal behavioral assessments were conducted for up to seven days afterward, alongside the evaluation of structural cerebral integrity by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 9.4 T), and validated ex vivo by histology. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was analyzed by means of fluorescent dextran- as well as immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation, and neuroinflammatory processes were characterized both in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]DPA-714 and ex vivo using immunohistochemistry. While a single CBI resulted in a defined, subacute neuropsychiatric phenotype, longitudinal cognitive testing revealed a marked decrease in spatial cognition, most pronounced in mice subjected to CBI at high frequency (every 48 h). Functional deficits were correlated to a parallel disruption of the BBB, (R2 = 0.29, p < 0.01), even detectable by a significant increase in hippocampal uptake of [18F]DPA-714, which was not due to activation of microglia, as confirmed immunohistochemically. Featuring a mild but widespread disruption of the BBB without evidence of macroscopic damage, this model induces a characteristic neuro-psychiatric phenotype that correlates to the degree of BBB disruption. Based on these findings, the BBB may function as both a biomarker of CBI severity and as a potential treatment target to improve recovery from concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Blaschke
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Nora Rautenberg
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-5), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Aileen Jendro
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Jens Konrad
- Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-2), Research Centre Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany; (J.K.); (B.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Susan Vlachakis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Dirk Wiedermann
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-2), Research Centre Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany; (J.K.); (B.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-2), Research Centre Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany; (J.K.); (B.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Gereon R. Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Maria A. Rueger
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
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Rossano SM, Johnson AS, Smith A, Ziaggi G, Roetman A, Guzman D, Okafor A, Klein J, Tomljanovic Z, Stern Y, Brickman AM, Lee S, Kreisl WC, Lao P. Microglia measured by TSPO PET are associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology and mediate key steps in a disease progression model. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2397-2407. [PMID: 38298155 PMCID: PMC11032543 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests microglial activation precedes regional tau and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We characterized microglia with translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) within an AD progression model where global amyloid beta (Aβ) precedes local tau and neurodegeneration, resulting in cognitive impairment. METHODS Florbetaben, PBR28, and MK-6240 PET, T1 magnetic resonance imaging, and cognitive measures were performed in 19 cognitively unimpaired older adults and 22 patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild AD to examine associations among microglia activation, Aβ, tau, and cognition, adjusting for neurodegeneration. Mediation analyses evaluated the possible role of microglial activation along the AD progression model. RESULTS Higher PBR28 uptake was associated with higher Aβ, higher tau, and lower MMSE score, independent of neurodegeneration. PBR28 mediated associations between tau in early and middle Braak stages, between tau and neurodegeneration, and between neurodegeneration and cognition. DISCUSSION Microglia are associated with AD pathology and cognition and may mediate relationships between subsequent steps in AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Rossano
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Aubrey S. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Anna Smith
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Galen Ziaggi
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew Roetman
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Diana Guzman
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Amarachukwu Okafor
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Julia Klein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of California Los Angeles HealthLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zeljko Tomljanovic
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and BiostatisticsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - William C. Kreisl
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Patrick Lao
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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7
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Alzghool OM, Aarnio R, Helin JS, Wahlroos S, Keller T, Matilainen M, Solis J, Danon JJ, Kassiou M, Snellman A, Solin O, Rinne JO, Haaparanta-Solin M. Glial reactivity in a mouse model of beta-amyloid deposition assessed by PET imaging of P2X7 receptor and TSPO using [ 11C]SMW139 and [ 18F]F-DPA. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:25. [PMID: 38446249 PMCID: PMC10917722 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P2X7 receptor has emerged as a potentially superior PET imaging marker to TSPO, the gold standard for imaging glial reactivity. [11C]SMW139 is the most recently developed radiotracer to image P2X7 receptor. The aim of this study was to image reactive glia in the APP/PS1-21 transgenic (TG) mouse model of Aβ deposition longitudinally using [11C]SMW139 targeting P2X7 receptor and to compare tracer uptake to that of [18F]F-DPA targeting TSPO at the final imaging time point. TG and wild type (WT) mice underwent longitudinal in vivo PET imaging using [11C]SMW139 at 5, 8, 11, and 14 months, followed by [18F]F-DPA PET scan only at 14 months. In vivo imaging results were verified by ex vivo brain autoradiography, immunohistochemical staining, and analysis of [11C]SMW139 unmetabolized fraction in TG and WT mice. RESULTS Longitudinal change in [11C]SMW139 standardized uptake values (SUVs) showed no statistically significant increase in the neocortex and hippocampus of TG or WT mice, which was consistent with findings from ex vivo brain autoradiography. Significantly higher [18F]F-DPA SUVs were observed in brain regions of TG compared to WT mice. Quantified P2X7-positive staining in the cortex and thalamus of TG mice showed a minor increase in receptor expression with ageing, while TSPO-positive staining in the same regions showed a more robust increase in expression in TG mice as they aged. [11C]SMW139 was rapidly metabolized in mice, with 33% of unmetabolized fraction in plasma and 29% in brain homogenates 30 min after injection. CONCLUSIONS [11C]SMW139, which has a lower affinity for the rodent P2X7 receptor than the human version of the receptor, was unable to image the low expression of P2X7 receptor in the APP/PS1-21 mouse model. Additionally, the rapid metabolism of [11C]SMW139 in mice and the presence of several brain-penetrating radiometabolites significantly impacted the analysis of in vivo PET signal of the tracer. Finally, [18F]F-DPA targeting TSPO was more suitable for imaging reactive glia and neuroinflammatory processes in the APP/PS1-21 mouse model, based on the findings presented in this study and previous studies with this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obada M Alzghool
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku University Hospital, Turku PET Centre, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Richard Aarnio
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jatta S Helin
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Wahlroos
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas Keller
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Matilainen
- Turku University Hospital, Turku PET Centre, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Junel Solis
- Turku BioImaging, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jonathan J Danon
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anniina Snellman
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Solin
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500, Turku, Finland
- Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku University Hospital, Turku PET Centre, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
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8
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Laaksonen S, Saraste M, Nylund M, Hinz R, Snellman A, Rinne J, Matilainen M, Airas L. Sex-driven variability in TSPO-expressing microglia in MS patients and healthy individuals. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1352116. [PMID: 38445263 PMCID: PMC10913932 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1352116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Males with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a higher risk for disability progression than females, but the reasons for this are unclear. Objective We hypothesized that potential differences in TSPO-expressing microglia between female and male MS patients could contribute to sex differences in clinical disease progression. Methods The study cohort consisted of 102 MS patients (mean (SD) age 45.3 (9.7) years, median (IQR) disease duration 12.1 (7.0-17.2) years, 72% females, 74% relapsing-remitting MS) and 76 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. TSPO-expressing microglia were measured using the TSPO-binding radioligand [11C](R)-PK11195 and brain positron emission tomography (PET). TSPO-binding was quantified as distribution volume ratio (DVR) in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), thalamus, whole brain and cortical gray matter (cGM). Results Male MS patients had higher DVRs compared to female patients in the whole brain [1.22 (0.04) vs. 1.20 (0.02), p = 0.002], NAWM [1.24 (0.06) vs. 1.21 (0.05), p = 0.006], thalamus [1.37 (0.08) vs. 1.32 (0.02), p = 0.008] and cGM [1.25 (0.04) vs. 1.23 (0.04), p = 0.028]. Similarly, healthy men had higher DVRs compared to healthy women except for cGM. Of the studied subgroups, secondary progressive male MS patients had the highest DVRs in all regions, while female controls had the lowest DVRs. Conclusion We observed higher TSPO-binding in males compared to females among people with MS and in healthy individuals. This sex-driven inherent variability in TSPO-expressing microglia may predispose male MS patients to greater likelihood of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Laaksonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo Nylund
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Matilainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Airas
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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9
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Bobotis BC, Halvorson T, Carrier M, Tremblay MÈ. Established and emerging techniques for the study of microglia: visualization, depletion, and fate mapping. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1317125. [PMID: 38425429 PMCID: PMC10902073 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1317125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is an essential hub for neuronal communication. As a major component of the CNS, glial cells are vital in the maintenance and regulation of neuronal network dynamics. Research on microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the CNS, has advanced considerably in recent years, and our understanding of their diverse functions continues to grow. Microglia play critical roles in the formation and regulation of neuronal synapses, myelination, responses to injury, neurogenesis, inflammation, and many other physiological processes. In parallel with advances in microglial biology, cutting-edge techniques for the characterization of microglial properties have emerged with increasing depth and precision. Labeling tools and reporter models are important for the study of microglial morphology, ultrastructure, and dynamics, but also for microglial isolation, which is required to glean key phenotypic information through single-cell transcriptomics and other emerging approaches. Strategies for selective microglial depletion and modulation can provide novel insights into microglia-targeted treatment strategies in models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions, cancer, and autoimmunity. Finally, fate mapping has emerged as an important tool to answer fundamental questions about microglial biology, including their origin, migration, and proliferation throughout the lifetime of an organism. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of these established and emerging techniques, with applications to the study of microglia in development, homeostasis, and CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Caroline Bobotis
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Torin Halvorson
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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10
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Zhou Y, Pang M, Ma Y, Lu L, Zhang J, Wang P, Li Q, Yang F. Cellular and Molecular Roles of Immune Cells in the Gut-Brain Axis in Migraine. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1202-1220. [PMID: 37695471 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex and multi-system dysfunction. The realization of its pathophysiology and diagnosis is developing rapidly. Migraine has been linked to gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and celiac disease. There is also direct and indirect evidence for a relationship between migraine and the gut-brain axis, but the exact mechanism is not yet explained. Studies have shown that this interaction appears to be influenced by a variety of factors, such as inflammatory mediators, gut microbiota, neuropeptides, and serotonin pathways. Recent studies suggest that immune cells can be the potential tertiary structure between migraine and gut-brain axis. As the hot interdisciplinary subject, the relationship between immunology and gastrointestinal tract is now gradually clear. Inflammatory signals are involved in cellular and molecular responses that link central and peripheral systems. The gastrointestinal symptoms associated with migraine and experiments associated with antibiotics have shown that the intestinal microbiota is abnormal during the attacks. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of migraine and gut-brain axis, and summarize the tertiary structure between immune cells, neural network, and gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaoyi Pang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Etebar F, Harkin DG, White AR, Dando SJ. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of brain and retinal microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1355557. [PMID: 38348116 PMCID: PMC10859418 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1355557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia play crucial roles in immune responses and contribute to fundamental biological processes within the central nervous system (CNS). In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia undergo functional changes and can have both protective and pathogenic roles. Microglia in the retina, as an extension of the CNS, have also been shown to be affected in many neurological diseases. While our understanding of how microglia contribute to pathological conditions is incomplete, non-invasive in vivo imaging of brain and retinal microglia in living subjects could provide valuable insights into their role in the neurodegenerative diseases and open new avenues for diagnostic biomarkers. This mini-review provides an overview of the current brain and retinal imaging tools for studying microglia in vivo. We focus on microglia targets, the advantages and limitations of in vivo microglia imaging approaches, and applications for evaluating the pathogenesis of neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazeleh Etebar
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Damien G. Harkin
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony R. White
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha J. Dando
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Oh J, Airas L, Harrison D, Järvinen E, Livingston T, Lanker S, Malik RA, Okuda DT, Villoslada P, de Vries HE. Neuroimaging to monitor worsening of multiple sclerosis: advances supported by the grant for multiple sclerosis innovation. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1319869. [PMID: 38107636 PMCID: PMC10722910 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1319869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Key unmet needs in multiple sclerosis (MS) include detection of early pathology, disability worsening independent of relapses, and accurate monitoring of treatment response. Collaborative approaches to address these unmet needs have been driven in part by industry-academic networks and initiatives such as the Grant for Multiple Sclerosis Innovation (GMSI) and Multiple Sclerosis Leadership and Innovation Network (MS-LINK™) programs. We review the application of recent advances, supported by the GMSI and MS-LINK™ programs, in neuroimaging technology to quantify pathology related to central pathology and disease worsening, and potential for their translation into clinical practice/trials. GMSI-supported advances in neuroimaging methods and biomarkers include developments in magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, ocular imaging, and machine learning. However, longitudinal studies are required to facilitate translation of these measures to the clinic and to justify their inclusion as endpoints in clinical trials of new therapeutics for MS. Novel neuroimaging measures and other biomarkers, combined with artificial intelligence, may enable accurate prediction and monitoring of MS worsening in the clinic, and may also be used as endpoints in clinical trials of new therapies for MS targeting relapse-independent disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Division of Neurology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laura Airas
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Harrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elina Järvinen
- Neurology and Immunology, Medical Unit N&I, Merck OY (an affiliate of Merck KGaA), Espoo, Finland
| | - Terrie Livingston
- Patient Solutions and Center of Excellence Strategic Engagement, EMD Serono, Inc., Rockland, MA, United States
| | - Stefan Lanker
- Neurology & Immunology, US Medical Affairs, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., (an affiliate of Merck KGaA), Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Rayaz A. Malik
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Research Division, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Darin T. Okuda
- Department of Neurology, Neuroinnovation Program, Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Imaging Program, Clinical Center for Multiple Sclerosis, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Pablo Villoslada
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helga E. de Vries
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Blum N, Mirian C, Maier AD, Mathiesen TI, Vilhardt F, Haslund-Vinding JL. Translocator protein (TSPO) expression in neoplastic cells and tumor-associated macrophages in meningiomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:1020-1032. [PMID: 37952221 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and show extensive infiltration of macrophages. The mitochondrial membrane protein translocator protein (TSPO) has been used as an in vivo marker of microglia and macrophage activation to visualize neuroinflammation. However, it is unknown which cell types express TSPO in meningiomas. Immunohistochemistry of 38 WHO grade 1-3 meningiomas was subjected to segmentation and deep learning classification of TSPO expression to either Iba1-positive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) or all other (mainly neoplastic) cells. A possible association between clinical data and TSPO expression intensities was also investigated. TAMs accounted for 15.9%-26% of all cells in the meningioma tissue. Mean fluorescence intensity of TSPO was significantly higher in TAMs (p < 0.0001), but the mass of neoplastic cells in the tumors exceeded that of TAMs. Thus, the summed fluorescence intensity of TSPO in meningioma cells was 64.1% higher than in TAMs (p = 0.0003). We observed no correlation between TSPO expression intensity and WHO grade. These results indicate that both macrophage-lineage and neoplastic cells in meningiomas express TSPO and that the SPECT-TSPO signal in meningiomas mainly reflects the latter; TSPO is expressed equally in parenchymal activated and resting macrophage/microglia lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Blum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andrea Daniela Maier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Pradhan AK, Neumüller T, Klug C, Fuchs S, Schlegel M, Ballmann M, Tartler KJ, Pianos A, Garcia MS, Liere P, Schumacher M, Kreuzer M, Rupprecht R, Rammes G. Chronic administration of XBD173 ameliorates cognitive deficits and neuropathology via 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:332. [PMID: 37891168 PMCID: PMC10611770 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). It affects cognition and leads to memory impairment. The mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) plays an essential role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and has been implicated in several neuronal disorders or neuronal injuries. Ligands targeting the mitochondrial translocator protein (18 kDa), promote neurosteroidogenesis and may be neuroprotective. To study whether the TSPO ligand XBD173 may exert early neuroprotective effects in AD pathology we investigated the impact of XBD173 on amyloid toxicity and neuroplasticity in mouse models of AD. We show that XBD173 (emapunil), via neurosteroid-mediated signaling and delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors, prevents the neurotoxic effect of Aβ on long-term potentiation (CA1-LTP) in the hippocampus and prevents the loss of spines. Chronic but not acute administration of XBD173 ameliorates spatial learning deficits in transgenic AD mice with arctic mutation (ArcAβ). The heterozygous TSPO-knockout crossed with the transgenic arctic mutation model of AD mice (het TSPOKO X ArcAβ) treated with XBD173 does not show this improvement in spatial learning suggesting TSPO is needed for procognitive effects of XBD173. The neuroprotective profile of XBD173 in AD pathology is further supported by a reduction in plaques and soluble Aβ levels in the cortex, increased synthesis of neurosteroids, rescued spine density, reduction of complement protein C1q deposits, and reduced astrocytic phagocytosis of functional synapses both in the hippocampus and cortex. Our findings suggest that XBD173 may exert therapeutic effects via TSPO in a mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Kumar Pradhan
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Tatjana Neumüller
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Klug
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Severin Fuchs
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Schlegel
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Ballmann
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Johanna Tartler
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Antoine Pianos
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276, France
| | - Maria Sanchez Garcia
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276, France
| | - Philippe Liere
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276, France
| | - Michael Schumacher
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276, France
| | - Matthias Kreuzer
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rammes
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
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15
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De Picker LJ, Morrens M, Branchi I, Haarman BCM, Terada T, Kang MS, Boche D, Tremblay ME, Leroy C, Bottlaender M, Ottoy J. TSPO PET brain inflammation imaging: A transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of 156 case-control studies. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:415-431. [PMID: 37543251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is increasingly recognized as a molecular target for PET imaging of inflammatory responses in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, the reported sensitivity and specificity of TSPO PET to identify brain inflammatory processes appears to vary greatly across disorders, disease stages, and applied quantification methods. To advance TSPO PET as a potential biomarker to evaluate brain inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapies, a better understanding of its applicability across disorders is needed. We conducted a transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of all in vivo human TSPO PET imaging case-control studies in the CNS. Specifically, we investigated the direction, strength, and heterogeneity associated with the TSPO PET signal across disorders in pre-specified brain regions, and explored the demographic and methodological sources of heterogeneity. METHODS We searched for English peer-reviewed articles that reported in vivo human case-control TSPO PET differences. We extracted the demographic details, TSPO PET outcomes, and technical variables of the PET procedure. A random-effects meta-analysis was applied to estimate case-control standardized mean differences (SMD) of the TSPO PET signal in the lobar/whole-brain cortical grey matter (cGM), thalamus, and cortico-limbic circuitry between different illness categories. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2 statistic and explored using subgroup and meta-regression analyses for radioligand generation, PET quantification method, age, sex, and publication year. Significance was set at the False Discovery Rate (FDR)-corrected P < 0.05. RESULTS 156 individual case-control studies were included in the systematic review, incorporating data for 2381 healthy controls and 2626 patients. 139 studies documented meta-analysable data and were grouped into 11 illness categories. Across all the illness categories, we observed a significantly higher TSPO PET signal in cases compared to controls for the cGM (n = 121 studies, SMD = 0.358, PFDR < 0.001, I2 = 68%), with a significant difference between the illness categories (P = 0.004). cGM increases were only significant for Alzheimer's disease (SMD = 0.693, PFDR < 0.001, I2 = 64%) and other neurodegenerative disorders (SMD = 0.929, PFDR < 0.001, I2 = 73%). Cortico-limbic increases (n = 97 studies, SMD = 0.541, P < 0.001, I2 = 67%) were most prominent for Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, other neurodegenerative disorders, mood disorders and multiple sclerosis. Thalamic involvement (n = 79 studies, SMD = 0.393, P < 0.001, I2 = 71%) was observed for Alzheimer's disease, other neurodegenerative disorders, multiple sclerosis, and chronic pain and functional disorders (all PFDR < 0.05). Main outcomes for systemic immunological disorders, viral infections, substance use disorders, schizophrenia and traumatic brain injury were not significant. We identified multiple sources of between-study variance to the TSPO PET signal including a strong transdiagnostic effect of the quantification method (explaining 25% of between-study variance; VT-based SMD = 0.000 versus reference tissue-based studies SMD = 0.630; F = 20.49, df = 1;103, P < 0.001), patient age (9% of variance), and radioligand generation (5% of variance). CONCLUSION This study is the first overarching transdiagnostic meta-analysis of case-control TSPO PET findings in humans across several brain regions. We observed robust increases in the TSPO signal for specific types of disorders, which were widespread or focal depending on illness category. We also found a large and transdiagnostic horizontal (positive) shift of the effect estimates of reference tissue-based compared to VT-based studies. Our results can support future studies to optimize experimental design and power calculations, by taking into account the type of disorder, brain region-of-interest, radioligand, and quantification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia J De Picker
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Campus Duffel, Duffel, Belgium.
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Campus Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Igor Branchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatsuhiro Terada
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Min Su Kang
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, BC, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Claire Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), Orsay, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UNIACT, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julie Ottoy
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Brier MR, Taha F. Measuring Pathology in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Using Positron Emission Tomography. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023; 23:479-488. [PMID: 37418219 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple sclerosis is characterized by a diverse and complex pathology. Clinical relapses, the hallmark of the disease, are accompanied by focal white matter lesions with intense inflammatory and demyelinating activity. Prevention of these relapses has been the major focus of pharmaceutical development, and it is now possible to dramatically reduce this inflammatory activity. Unfortunately, disability accumulation persists for many people living with multiple sclerosis owing to ongoing damage within existing lesions, pathology outside of discrete lesions, and other yet unknown factors. Understanding this complex pathological cascade will be critical to stopping progressive multiple sclerosis. Positron emission tomography uses biochemically specific radioligands to quantitatively measure pathological processes with molecular specificity. This review examines recent advances in the understanding of multiple sclerosis facilitated by positron emission tomography and identifies future avenues to expand understanding and treatment options. RECENT FINDINGS An increasing number of radiotracers allow for the quantitative measurement of inflammatory abnormalities, de- and re-myelination, and metabolic disruption associated with multiple sclerosis. The studies have identified contributions of ongoing, smoldering inflammation to accumulating tissue injury and clinical worsening. Myelin studies have quantified the dynamics of myelin loss and recovery. Lastly, metabolic changes have been found to contribute to symptom worsening. The molecular specificity facilitated by positron emission tomography in people living with multiple sclerosis will critically inform efforts to modulate the pathology leading to progressive disability accumulation. Existing studies show the power of this approach applied to multiple sclerosis. This armamentarium of radioligands allows for new understanding of how the brain and spinal cord of people is impacted by multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, John L Trotter MS Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
| | - Farris Taha
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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17
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Saraste M, Matilainen M, Vuorimaa A, Laaksonen S, Sucksdorff M, Leppert D, Kuhle J, Airas L. Association of serum neurofilament light with microglial activation in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:698-706. [PMID: 37130728 PMCID: PMC10447382 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translocator protein (TSPO)-PET and neurofilament light (NfL) both report on brain pathology, but their potential association has not yet been studied in multiple sclerosis (MS) in vivo. We aimed to evaluate the association between serum NfL (sNfL) and TSPO-PET-measurable microglial activation in the brain of patients with MS. METHODS Microglial activation was detected using PET and the TSPO-binding radioligand [11C]PK11195. Distribution volume ratio (DVR) was used to evaluate specific [11C]PK11195-binding. sNfL levels were measured using single molecule array (Simoa). The associations between [11C]PK11195 DVR and sNfL were evaluated using correlation analyses and false discovery rate (FDR) corrected linear regression modelling. RESULTS 44 patients with MS (40 relapsing-remitting and 4 secondary progressive) and 24 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls were included. In the patient group with elevated brain [11C]PK11195 DVR (n=19), increased sNfL associated with higher DVR in the lesion rim (estimate (95% CI) 0.49 (0.15 to 0.83), p(FDR)=0.04) and perilesional normal appearing white matter (0.48 (0.14 to 0.83), p(FDR)=0.04), and with a higher number and larger volume of TSPO-PET-detectable rim-active lesions defined by microglial activation at the plaque edge (0.46 (0.10 to 0.81), p(FDR)=0.04 and 0.50 (0.17 to 0.84), p(FDR)=0.04, respectively). Based on the multivariate stepwise linear regression model, the volume of rim-active lesions was the most relevant factor affecting sNfL. CONCLUSIONS Our demonstration of an association between microglial activation as measured by increased TSPO-PET signal, and elevated sNfL emphasises the significance of smouldering inflammation for progression-promoting pathology in MS and highlights the role of rim-active lesions in promoting neuroaxonal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Matilainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Abo, Finland
| | - Anna Vuorimaa
- Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sini Laaksonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcus Sucksdorff
- Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - David Leppert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Airas
- Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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18
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Nutma E, Fancy N, Weinert M, Tsartsalis S, Marzin MC, Muirhead RCJ, Falk I, Breur M, de Bruin J, Hollaus D, Pieterman R, Anink J, Story D, Chandran S, Tang J, Trolese MC, Saito T, Saido TC, Wiltshire KH, Beltran-Lobo P, Phillips A, Antel J, Healy L, Dorion MF, Galloway DA, Benoit RY, Amossé Q, Ceyzériat K, Badina AM, Kövari E, Bendotti C, Aronica E, Radulescu CI, Wong JH, Barron AM, Smith AM, Barnes SJ, Hampton DW, van der Valk P, Jacobson S, Howell OW, Baker D, Kipp M, Kaddatz H, Tournier BB, Millet P, Matthews PM, Moore CS, Amor S, Owen DR. Translocator protein is a marker of activated microglia in rodent models but not human neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5247. [PMID: 37640701 PMCID: PMC10462763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation plays central roles in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) targeting 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) is widely used for localising inflammation in vivo, but its quantitative interpretation remains uncertain. We show that TSPO expression increases in activated microglia in mouse brain disease models but does not change in a non-human primate disease model or in common neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory human diseases. We describe genetic divergence in the TSPO gene promoter, consistent with the hypothesis that the increase in TSPO expression in activated myeloid cells depends on the transcription factor AP1 and is unique to a subset of rodent species within the Muroidea superfamily. Finally, we identify LCP2 and TFEC as potential markers of microglial activation in humans. These data emphasise that TSPO expression in human myeloid cells is related to different phenomena than in mice, and that TSPO-PET signals in humans reflect the density of inflammatory cells rather than activation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nutma
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Nurun Fancy
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Weinert
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stergios Tsartsalis
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Marzin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C J Muirhead
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Irene Falk
- Viral Immunology Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joy de Bruin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Hollaus
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Pieterman
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Story
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Jiabin Tang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria C Trolese
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Paula Beltran-Lobo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Phillips
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jack Antel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luke Healy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-France Dorion
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Dylan A Galloway
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Rochelle Y Benoit
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Quentin Amossé
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ceyzériat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Enikö Kövari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carola I Radulescu
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jia Hui Wong
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna M Barron
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amy M Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Samuel J Barnes
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Owain W Howell
- Institute of Life Science (ILS), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - David Baker
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hannes Kaddatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Millet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - David R Owen
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Neumann KD, Broshek DK, Newman BT, Druzgal TJ, Kundu BK, Resch JE. Concussion: Beyond the Cascade. Cells 2023; 12:2128. [PMID: 37681861 PMCID: PMC10487087 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sport concussion affects millions of athletes each year at all levels of sport. Increasing evidence demonstrates clinical and physiological recovery are becoming more divergent definitions, as evidenced by several studies examining blood-based biomarkers of inflammation and imaging studies of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have shown elevated microglial activation in the CNS in active and retired American football players, as well as in active collegiate athletes who were diagnosed with a concussion and returned to sport. These data are supportive of discordance in clinical symptomology and the inflammatory response in the CNS upon symptom resolution. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the understanding of the inflammatory response associated with sport concussion and broader mild traumatic brain injury, as well as provide an outlook for important research questions to better align clinical and physiological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel D. Neumann
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Donna K. Broshek
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
| | - Benjamin T. Newman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (B.T.N.); (T.J.D.); (B.K.K.)
| | - T. Jason Druzgal
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (B.T.N.); (T.J.D.); (B.K.K.)
| | - Bijoy K. Kundu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (B.T.N.); (T.J.D.); (B.K.K.)
| | - Jacob E. Resch
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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20
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Raval NR, Angarita G, Matuskey D, Miller R, Drake LR, Kapinos M, Nabulsi N, Huang Y, Carson RE, O'Malley SS, Cosgrove KP, Hillmer AT. Imaging the brain's immune response to alcohol with [ 11C]PBR28 TSPO Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3384-3390. [PMID: 37532797 PMCID: PMC10743097 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In humans, the negative effects of alcohol are linked to immune dysfunction in both the periphery and the brain. Yet acute effects of alcohol on the neuroimmune system and its relationships with peripheral immune function are not fully understood. To address this gap, immune response to an alcohol challenge was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) using the radiotracer [11C]PBR28, which targets the 18-kDa translocator protein, a marker sensitive to immune challenges. Participants (n = 12; 5 F; 25-45 years) who reported consuming binge levels of alcohol (>3 drinks for females; >4 drinks for males) 1-3 months before scan day were enrolled. Imaging featured a baseline [11C]PBR28 scan followed by an oral laboratory alcohol challenge over 90 min. An hour later, a second [11C]PBR28 scan was acquired. Dynamic PET data were acquired for at least 90 min with arterial blood sampling to measure the metabolite-corrected input function. [11C]PBR28 volume of distributions (VT) was estimated in the brain using multilinear analysis 1. Subjective effects, blood alcohol levels (BAL), and plasma cytokines were measured during the paradigm. Full completion of the alcohol challenge and data acquisition occurred for n = 8 (2 F) participants. Mean peak BAL was 101 ± 15 mg/dL. Alcohol significantly increased brain [11C]PBR28 VT (n = 8; F(1,49) = 34.72, p > 0.0001; Cohen's d'=0.8-1.7) throughout brain by 9-16%. Alcohol significantly altered plasma cytokines TNF-α (F(2,22) = 17.49, p < 0.0001), IL-6 (F(2,22) = 18.00, p > 0.0001), and MCP-1 (F(2,22) = 7.02, p = 0.004). Exploratory analyses identified a negative association between the subjective degree of alcohol intoxication and changes in [11C]PBR28 VT. These findings provide, to our knowledge, the first in vivo human evidence for an acute brain immune response to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul R Raval
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gustavo Angarita
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University New Haven, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel Miller
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lindsey R Drake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA.
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21
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Nieuwland JM, Nutma E, Philippens IHCHM, Böszörményi KP, Remarque EJ, Bakker J, Meijer L, Woerdman N, Fagrouch ZC, Verstrepen BE, Langermans JAM, Verschoor EJ, Windhorst AD, Bontrop RE, de Vries HE, Stammes MA, Middeldorp J. Longitudinal positron emission tomography and postmortem analysis reveals widespread neuroinflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:179. [PMID: 37516868 PMCID: PMC10387202 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients initially develop respiratory symptoms, but they may also suffer from neurological symptoms. People with long-lasting effects after acute infections with severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), i.e., post-COVID syndrome or long COVID, may experience a variety of neurological manifestations. Although we do not fully understand how SARS-CoV-2 affects the brain, neuroinflammation likely plays a role. METHODS To investigate neuroinflammatory processes longitudinally after SARS-CoV-2 infection, four experimentally SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques were monitored for 7 weeks with 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]DPA714, together with computed tomography (CT). The baseline scan was compared to weekly PET-CTs obtained post-infection (pi). Brain tissue was collected following euthanasia (50 days pi) to correlate the PET signal with TSPO expression, and glial and endothelial cell markers. Expression of these markers was compared to brain tissue from uninfected animals of comparable age, allowing the examination of the contribution of these cells to the neuroinflammatory response following SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS TSPO PET revealed an increased tracer uptake throughout the brain of all infected animals already from the first scan obtained post-infection (day 2), which increased to approximately twofold until day 30 pi. Postmortem immunohistochemical analysis of the hippocampus and pons showed TSPO expression in cells expressing ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and collagen IV. In the hippocampus of SARS-CoV-2 infected animals the TSPO+ area and number of TSPO+ cells were significantly increased compared to control animals. This increase was not cell type specific, since both the number of IBA1+TSPO+ and GFAP+TSPO+ cells was increased, as well as the TSPO+ area within collagen IV+ blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS This study manifests [18F]DPA714 as a powerful radiotracer to visualize SARS-CoV-2 induced neuroinflammation. The increased uptake of [18F]DPA714 over time implies an active neuroinflammatory response following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This inflammatory signal coincides with an increased number of TSPO expressing cells, including glial and endothelial cells, suggesting neuroinflammation and vascular dysregulation. These results demonstrate the long-term neuroinflammatory response following a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, which potentially precedes long-lasting neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Nieuwland
- Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Nutma
- Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid H C H M Philippens
- Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Kinga P Böszörményi
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Edmond J Remarque
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Meijer
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Noor Woerdman
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra C Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Babs E Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Langermans
- Department of Animal Sciences, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- Department Population Health Sciences, Unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam (TCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E Bontrop
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke A Stammes
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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22
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Ellen O, Ye S, Nheu D, Dass M, Pagnin M, Ozturk E, Theotokis P, Grigoriadis N, Petratos S. The Heterogeneous Multiple Sclerosis Lesion: How Can We Assess and Modify a Degenerating Lesion? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11112. [PMID: 37446290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease of the central nervous system that is governed by neural tissue loss and dystrophy during its progressive phase, with complex reactive pathological cellular changes. The immune-mediated mechanisms that promulgate the demyelinating lesions during relapses of acute episodes are not characteristic of chronic lesions during progressive MS. This has limited our capacity to target the disease effectively as it evolves within the central nervous system white and gray matter, thereby leaving neurologists without effective options to manage individuals as they transition to a secondary progressive phase. The current review highlights the molecular and cellular sequelae that have been identified as cooperating with and/or contributing to neurodegeneration that characterizes individuals with progressive forms of MS. We emphasize the need for appropriate monitoring via known and novel molecular and imaging biomarkers that can accurately detect and predict progression for the purposes of newly designed clinical trials that can demonstrate the efficacy of neuroprotection and potentially neurorepair. To achieve neurorepair, we focus on the modifications required in the reactive cellular and extracellular milieu in order to enable endogenous cell growth as well as transplanted cells that can integrate and/or renew the degenerative MS plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ellen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sining Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danica Nheu
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mary Dass
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Maurice Pagnin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ezgi Ozturk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kiriakides Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kiriakides Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
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23
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Guneykaya D, Ugursu B, Logiacco F, Popp O, Feiks MA, Meyer N, Wendt S, Semtner M, Cherif F, Gauthier C, Madore C, Yin Z, Çınar Ö, Arslan T, Gerevich Z, Mertins P, Butovsky O, Kettenmann H, Wolf SA. Sex-specific microglia state in the Neuroligin-4 knock-out mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:61-75. [PMID: 37001827 PMCID: PMC10330133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroligin-4 (NLGN4) loss-of-function mutations are associated with monogenic heritable autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cause alterations in both synaptic and behavioral phenotypes. Microglia, the resident CNS macrophages, are implicated in ASD development and progression. Here we studied the impact of NLGN4 loss in a mouse model, focusing on microglia phenotype and function in both male and female mice. NLGN4 depletion caused lower microglia density, less ramified morphology, reduced response to injury and purinergic signaling specifically in the hippocampal CA3 region predominantly in male mice. Proteomic analysis revealed disrupted energy metabolism in male microglia and provided further evidence for sexual dimorphism in the ASD associated microglial phenotype. In addition, we observed impaired gamma oscillations in a sex-dependent manner. Lastly, estradiol application in male NLGN4-/- mice restored the altered microglial phenotype and function. Together, these results indicate that loss of NLGN4 affects not only neuronal network activity, but also changes the microglia state in a sex-dependent manner that could be targeted by estradiol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilansu Guneykaya
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Bilge Ugursu
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Psychoneuroimmunology, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Logiacco
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Almut Feiks
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Meyer
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Wendt
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Semtner
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Psychoneuroimmunology, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatma Cherif
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Gauthier
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Madore
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
| | - Zhuoran Yin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Özcan Çınar
- Molecular Immunotherapy, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Taner Arslan
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Zoltan Gerevich
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Psychoneuroimmunology, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Jensen P, Blinkenberg M, Pinborg LH. Comparison of Translocator Protein Expression Between Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis and Glioblastoma. Clin Nucl Med 2023; Publish Ahead of Print:00003072-990000000-00605. [PMID: 37314704 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This figure presents a comparison of molecular imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO) and contrast-enhanced MRI in 2 patients with tumefactive multiple sclerosis and glioblastoma, respectively. In the case of the tumefactive multiple sclerosis patient, TSPO uptake is primarily located centrally, while in the glioblastoma patient, TSPO uptake is predominantly situated peripherally to the central necrotic area. These findings suggest that TSPO imaging could be a noninvasive imaging technique for distinguishing between these 2 diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten Blinkenberg
- MS Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Lapo Pais M, Jorge L, Martins R, Canário N, Xavier AC, Bernardes R, Abrunhosa A, Santana I, Castelo-Branco M. Textural properties of microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease as measured by (R)-[ 11C]PK11195 PET. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad148. [PMID: 37229217 PMCID: PMC10205176 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia worldwide, accounting for 60-70% of diagnosed cases. According to the current understanding of molecular pathogenesis, the main hallmarks of this disease are the abnormal accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Therefore, biomarkers reflecting these underlying biological mechanisms are recognized as valid tools for an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Inflammatory mechanisms, such as microglial activation, are known to be involved in Alzheimer's disease onset and progression. This activated state of the microglia is associated with increased expression of the translocator protein 18 kDa. On that account, PET tracers capable of measuring this signature, such as (R)-[11C]PK11195, might be instrumental in assessing the state and evolution of Alzheimer's disease. This study aims to investigate the potential of Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix-based textural parameters as an alternative to conventional quantification using kinetic models in (R)-[11C]PK11195 PET images. To achieve this goal, kinetic and textural parameters were computed on (R)-[11C]PK11195 PET images of 19 patients with an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and 21 healthy controls and submitted separately to classification using a linear support vector machine. The classifier built using the textural parameters showed no inferior performance compared to the classical kinetic approach, yielding a slightly larger classification accuracy (accuracy of 0.7000, sensitivity of 0.6957, specificity of 0.7059 and balanced accuracy of 0.6967). In conclusion, our results support the notion that textural parameters may be an alternative to conventional quantification using kinetic models in (R)-[11C]PK11195 PET images. The proposed quantification method makes it possible to use simpler scanning procedures, which increase patient comfort and convenience. We further speculate that textural parameters may also provide an alternative to kinetic analysis in (R)-[11C]PK11195 PET neuroimaging studies involving other neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we recognize that the potential role of this tracer is not in diagnosis but rather in the assessment and progression of the diffuse and dynamic distribution of inflammatory cell density in this disorder as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lapo Pais
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lília Jorge
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nádia Canário
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Xavier
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Bernardes
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero Abrunhosa
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Neurology, Coimbra University Hospital, 3000-076 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Correspondence to: Dr Miguel Castelo-Branco ICNAS/CIBIT, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde da Universidade de Coimbra Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal E-mail:
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26
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Lopresti BJ, Royse SK, Mathis CA, Tollefson SA, Narendran R. Beyond monoamines: I. Novel targets and radiotracers for Positron emission tomography imaging in psychiatric disorders. J Neurochem 2023; 164:364-400. [PMID: 35536762 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of positron emission tomography (PET) in the late 1970s, psychiatry had access to a tool capable of non-invasive assessment of human brain function. Early applications in psychiatry focused on identifying characteristic brain blood flow and metabolic derangements using radiotracers such as [15 O]H2 O and [18 F]FDG. Despite the success of these techniques, it became apparent that more specific probes were needed to understand the neurochemical bases of psychiatric disorders. The first neurochemical PET imaging probes targeted sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D2 receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. Based on the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and the measured success of monoamine-enhancing drugs in treating them, the next 30 years witnessed the development of an armamentarium of PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies for studying monoamines. Continued development of monoamine-enhancing drugs over this time however was less successful, realizing only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely paralleled drug development priorities resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non-monoamine targets. Part one of this review will briefly survey novel PET imaging targets with relevance to the field of psychiatry, which include the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5), purinergic P2 X7 receptor, type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1 ), phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), and describe radiotracers developed for these and other targets that have matured to human subject investigations. Current limitations of the targets and techniques will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Lopresti
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah K Royse
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Savannah A Tollefson
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Delfino G, Bénardais K, Graff J, Samama B, Antal MC, Ghandour MS, Boehm N. Oligodendroglial primary cilium heterogeneity during development and demyelination/remyelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1049468. [PMID: 36505511 PMCID: PMC9729284 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1049468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium (PC) has emerged as an indispensable cellular antenna essential for signal transduction of important cell signaling pathways. The rapid acquisition of knowledge about PC biology has raised attention to PC as a therapeutic target in some neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, the role of PC in oligodendrocytes and its participation in myelination/remyelination remain poorly understood. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to oligodendrocytes during central nervous system (CNS) development. In adult, a small percentage of OPCs remains as undifferentiated cells located sparsely in the different regions of the CNS. These cells can regenerate oligodendrocytes and participate to certain extent in remyelination. This study aims characterize PC in oligodendrocyte lineage cells during post-natal development and in a mouse model of demyelination/remyelination. We show heterogeneity in the frequency of cilium presence on OPCs, depending on culture conditions in vitro and cerebral regions in vivo during development and demyelination/remyelination. In vitro, Lithium chloride (LiCl), Forskolin and Chloral Hydrate differentially affect cilium, depending on culture environment and PC length correlates with the cell differentiation state. Beside the role of PC as a keeper of cell proliferation, our results suggest its involvement in myelination/remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Delfino
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Team IMIS, Strasbourg, France,Institut d’Histologie, Service Central de Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France,*Correspondence: Giada Delfino,
| | - Karelle Bénardais
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Team IMIS, Strasbourg, France,Institut d’Histologie, Service Central de Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Graff
- Institut d’Histologie, Service Central de Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte Samama
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Team IMIS, Strasbourg, France,Institut d’Histologie, Service Central de Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Cristina Antal
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Team IMIS, Strasbourg, France,Institut d’Histologie, Service Central de Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - M. Said Ghandour
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Team IMIS, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nelly Boehm
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Team IMIS, Strasbourg, France,Institut d’Histologie, Service Central de Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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28
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Murtaj V, Penati S, Belloli S, Foti M, Coliva A, Papagna A, Gotti C, Toninelli E, Chiaffarelli R, Mantero S, Pucci S, Matteoli M, Malosio ML, Moresco RM. Brain sex-dependent alterations after prolonged high fat diet exposure in mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1276. [PMID: 36414721 PMCID: PMC9681749 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined effects of exposing female and male mice for 33 weeks to 45% or 60% high fat diet (HFD). Males fed with either diet were more vulnerable than females, displaying higher and faster increase in body weight and more elevated cholesterol and liver enzymes levels. Higher glucose metabolism was revealed by PET in the olfactory bulbs of both sexes. However, males also displayed altered anterior cortex and cerebellum metabolism, accompanied by a more prominent brain inflammation relative to females. Although both sexes displayed reduced transcripts of neuronal and synaptic genes in anterior cortex, only males had decreased protein levels of AMPA and NMDA receptors. Oppositely, to anterior cortex, cerebellum of HFD-exposed mice displayed hypometabolism and transcriptional up-regulation of neuronal and synaptic genes. These results indicate that male brain is more susceptible to metabolic changes induced by HFD and that the anterior cortex versus cerebellum display inverse susceptibility to HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Murtaj
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Present Address: Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Penati
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) c/o Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy ,grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Present Address: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington Univerisity School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Sara Belloli
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy ,grid.428490.30000 0004 1789 9809Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Maria Foti
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Angela Coliva
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Papagna
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) c/o Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Elisa Toninelli
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Remy Chiaffarelli
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy ,grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Present Address: Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefano Mantero
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) c/o Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy ,grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Present Address: DCSR, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Pucci
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) c/o Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) c/o Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy ,grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Malosio
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) c/o Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy ,grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy ,grid.428490.30000 0004 1789 9809Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy ,grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
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18F-Radiolabeled Translocator Protein (TSPO) PET Tracers: Recent Development of TSPO Radioligands and Their Application to PET Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112545. [PMID: 36432736 PMCID: PMC9697781 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is a transmembrane protein in the mitochondrial membrane, which has been identified as a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor. TSPO is generally present at high concentrations in steroid-producing cells and plays an important role in steroid synthesis, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. In the central nervous system, TSPO expression is relatively modest under normal physiological circumstances. However, some pathological disorders can lead to changes in TSPO expression. Overexpression of TSPO is associated with several diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation, brain injury, and cancers. TSPO has therefore become an effective biomarker of related diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET), a non-invasive molecular imaging technique used for the clinical diagnosis of numerous diseases, can detect diseases related to TSPO expression. Several radiolabeled TSPO ligands have been developed for PET. In this review, we describe recent advances in the development of TSPO ligands, and 18F-radiolabeled TSPO in particular, as PET tracers. This review covers pharmacokinetic studies, preclinical and clinical trials of 18F-labeled TSPO PET ligands, and the synthesis of TSPO ligands.
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30
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Corsi F, Baglini E, Barresi E, Salerno S, Cerri C, Martini C, Da Settimo Passetti F, Taliani S, Gargini C, Piano I. Targeting TSPO Reduces Inflammation and Apoptosis in an In Vitro Photoreceptor-Like Model of Retinal Degeneration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3188-3197. [PMID: 36300862 PMCID: PMC9673150 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is predominantly located in the mitochondrial outer membrane, playing an important role in steroidogenesis, inflammation, survival, and cell proliferation. Its expression in the CNS, and mainly in glial cells, is upregulated in neuropathologies and brain injury. In this study, the potential of targeting TSPO for the therapeutic treatment of inflammatory-based retinal neurodegeneration was evaluated by means of an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced degeneration in 661 W cells, a photoreceptor-like cell line. After the assessment of the expression of TSPO in 661W cells, which, to the best of our knowledge, was never investigated so far, the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of a number of known TSPO ligands, belonging to the class of N,N-dialkyl-2-arylindol-3-ylglyoxylamides (PIGAs), were evaluated, using the classic TSPO ligand PK11195 as the reference standard. All tested PIGAs showed the ability to modulate the inflammatory and apoptotic processes in 661 W photoreceptor-like cells and to reduce LPS-driven cellular cytotoxicity. The protective effect of PIGAs was, in all cases, reduced by cotreatment with the pregnenolone synthesis inhibitor SU-10603, suggesting the involvement of neurosteroids in the protective mechanism. As inflammatory processes play a crucial role in the retinal neurodegenerative disease progression toward photoreceptors' death and complete blindness, targeting TSPO might represent a successful strategy to slow down this degenerative process that may lead to the inexorable loss of vision.
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31
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Pitombeira MS, Koole M, Campanholo KR, Souza AM, Duran FLS, Solla DJF, Mendes MF, Pereira SLA, Rimkus CM, Busatto GF, Callegaro D, Buchpiguel CA, de Paula Faria D. Innate immune cells and myelin profile in multiple sclerosis: a multi-tracer PET/MR study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4551-4566. [PMID: 35838758 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuropathological studies have demonstrated distinct profiles of microglia activation and myelin injury among different multiple sclerosis (MS) phenotypes and disability stages. PET imaging using specific tracers may uncover the in vivo molecular pathology and broaden the understanding of the disease heterogeneity. METHODS We used the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) tracer (R)-[11C]PK11195 and [11C]PIB PET images acquired in a hybrid PET/MR 3 T system to characterize, respectively, the profile of innate immune cells and myelin content in 47 patients with MS compared to 18 healthy controls (HC). For the volume of interest (VOI)-based analysis of the dynamic data, (R)-[11C]PK11195 distribution volume (VT) was determined for each subject using a metabolite-corrected arterial plasma input function while [11C]PIB distribution volume ratio (DVR) was estimated using a reference region extracted by a supervised clustering algorithm. A voxel-based analysis was also performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Functional disability was evaluated by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), and Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT). RESULTS In the VOI-based analysis, [11C]PIB DVR differed between patients and HC in the corpus callosum (P = 0.019) while no differences in (R)-[11C]PK11195 VT were observed in patients relative to HC. Furthermore, no correlations or associations were observed between both tracers within the VOI analyzed. In the voxel-based analysis, high (R)-[11C]PK11195 uptake was observed diffusively in the white matter (WM) when comparing the progressive phenotype and HC, and lower [11C]PIB uptake was observed in certain WM regions when comparing the relapsing-remitting phenotype and HC. None of the tracers were able to differentiate phenotypes at voxel or VOI level in our cohort. Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and phenotype demonstrated that higher EDSS was associated with an increased (R)-[11C]PK11195 VT and lower [11C]PIB DVR in corpus callosum (P = 0.001; P = 0.023), caudate (P = 0.015; P = 0.008), and total T2 lesion (P = 0.007; P = 0.012), while better cognitive scores in SDMT were associated with higher [11C]PIB DVR in the corpus callosum (P = 0.001), and lower (R)-[11C]PK11195 VT (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Widespread innate immune cells profile and marked loss of myelin in T2 lesions and regions close to the ventricles may occur independently and are associated with disability, in both WM and GM structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sales Pitombeira
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Koole
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Kenia R Campanholo
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline M Souza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio L S Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Davi J Fontoura Solla
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria F Mendes
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina M Rimkus
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Filho Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dagoberto Callegaro
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Buchpiguel
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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32
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Christensen RH, Gollion C, Amin FM, Moskowitz MA, Hadjikhani N, Ashina M. Imaging the inflammatory phenotype in migraine. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:60. [PMID: 35650524 PMCID: PMC9158262 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several preclinical and clinical lines of evidence suggest a role of neuroinflammation in migraine. Neuroimaging offers the possibility to investigate and localize neuroinflammation in vivo in patients with migraine, and to characterize specific inflammatory constituents, such as vascular permeability, and macrophage or microglia activity. Despite all imaging data accumulated on neuroinflammation across the past three decades, an overview of the imaging evidence of neuroinflammation in migraine is still missing.We conducted a systematic review in the Pubmed and Embase databases to evaluate existing imaging data on inflammation in migraine, and to identify gaps in the literature. We included 20 studies investigating migraine without aura (N = 4), migraine with aura (N = 8), both migraine with and without aura (N = 3), or hemiplegic migraine (N = 5).In migraine without aura, macrophage activation was not evident. In migraine with aura, imaging evidence suggested microglial and parameningeal inflammatory activity. Increased vascular permeability was mostly found in hemiplegic migraine, and was atypical in migraine with and without aura. Based on the weight of existing and emerging data, we show that most studies have concentrated on demonstrating increased vascular permeability as a marker of neuroinflammation, with tools that may not have been optimal. In the future, novel, more sensitive techniques, as well as imaging tracers delineating specific inflammatory pathways may further bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Häckert Christensen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Cédric Gollion
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Faisal Mohammad Amin
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Neurorehabilitation/Traumatic Brain Injury, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael A Moskowitz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Nouchine Hadjikhani
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
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33
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Vankriekelsvenne E, Chrzanowski U, Manzhula K, Greiner T, Wree A, Hawlitschka A, Llovera G, Zhan J, Joost S, Schmitz C, Ponsaerts P, Amor S, Nutma E, Kipp M, Kaddatz H. Transmembrane protein 119 is neither a specific nor a reliable marker for microglia. Glia 2022; 70:1170-1190. [PMID: 35246882 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma. To determine the impact of microglia on disease development and progression in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, it is essential to distinguish microglia from peripheral macrophages/monocytes, which are eventually equally recruited. It has been suggested that transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119) serves as a reliable microglia marker that discriminates resident microglia from blood-derived macrophages in the human and murine brain. Here, we investigated the validity of TMEM119 as a microglia marker in four in vivo models (cuprizone intoxication, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), permanent filament middle cerebral artery occlusion (fMCAo), and intracerebral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injections) as well as post mortem multiple sclerosis (MS) brain tissues. In all applied animal models and post mortem MS tissues, we found increased densities of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1+ (IBA1+ ) cells, paralleled by a significant decrease in TMEM119 expression. In addition, other cell types in peripheral tissues (i.e., follicular dendritic cells and brown adipose tissue) were also found to express TMEM119. In summary, this study demonstrates that TMEM119 is not exclusively expressed by microglia nor does it label all microglia, especially under cellular stress conditions. Since novel transgenic lines have been developed to label microglia using the TMEM119 promotor, downregulation of TMEM119 expression might interfere with the results and should, thus, be considered when working with these transgenic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uta Chrzanowski
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, Rostock, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Institute of Anatomy II, Munich, Germany
| | - Katerina Manzhula
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, Rostock, Germany
| | - Theresa Greiner
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Gemma Llovera
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jiangshan Zhan
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sarah Joost
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Institute of Anatomy II, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Erik Nutma
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Kipp
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hannes Kaddatz
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, Rostock, Germany
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34
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Zinger N, Ponath G, Sweeney E, Nguyen TD, Lo CH, Diaz I, Dimov A, Teng L, Zexter L, Comunale J, Wang Y, Pitt D, Gauthier SA. Dimethyl Fumarate Reduces Inflammation in Chronic Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/2/e1138. [PMID: 35046083 PMCID: PMC8771666 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To determine the effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and glatiramer acetate on iron content in chronic active lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in human microglia in vitro. Methods This was a retrospective observational study of 34 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and clinically isolated syndrome treated with DMF or glatiramer acetate. Patients had lesions with hyperintense rims on quantitative susceptibility mapping, were treated with DMF or glatiramer acetate (GA), and had a minimum of 2 on-treatment scans. Changes in susceptibility in rim lesions were compared among treatment groups in a linear mixed effects model. In a separate in vitro study, induced pluripotent stem cell–derived human microglia were treated with DMF or GA, and treatment-induced changes in iron content and activation state of microglia were compared. Results Rim lesions in patients treated with DMF had on average a 2.77-unit reduction in susceptibility per year over rim lesions in patients treated with GA (bootstrapped 95% CI −5.87 to −0.01), holding all other variables constant. Moreover, DMF but not GA reduced inflammatory activation and concomitantly iron content in human microglia in vitro. Discussion Together, our data indicate that DMF-induced reduction of susceptibility in MS lesions is associated with a decreased activation state in microglial cells. We have demonstrated that a specific disease modifying therapy, DMF, decreases glial activity in chronic active lesions. Susceptibility changes in rim lesions provide an in vivo biomarker for the effect of DMF on microglial activity. Classification of Evidence This study provided Class III evidence that DMF is superior to GA in the presence of iron as a marker of inflammation as measured by MRI quantitative susceptibility mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zinger
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Gerald Ponath
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Sweeney
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Thanh D Nguyen
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chih Hung Lo
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ivan Diaz
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Alexey Dimov
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Leilei Teng
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lily Zexter
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Joseph Comunale
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yi Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - David Pitt
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Susan A Gauthier
- From the Department of Neurology (N.Z., L.Z., S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Neurology (G.P., C.H.L., D.P.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Population Health Sciences (E.S., I.D.), and Department of Radiology (T.D.N., A.D., J.C., Y.W., S.A.G.), Weil Cornell Medicine, New York; Department of Medicine (L.T.), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT; Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute (S.A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York; and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (C.H.L.), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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35
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The role of glial cells in multiple sclerosis disease progression. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:237-248. [PMID: 35190704 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the development of highly effective treatments for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), limited progress has been made in addressing primary progressive or secondary progressive MS, both of which lead to loss of oligodendrocytes and neurons and axons, and to irreversible accumulation of disability. Neuroinflammation is central to all forms of MS. The current effective therapies for relapsing-remitting MS target the peripheral immune system; these treatments, however, have repeatedly failed in progressive MS. Greater understanding of inflammation driven by CNS-resident cells - including astrocytes and microglia - is, therefore, required to identify novel potential therapeutic opportunities. Advances in imaging, biomarker analysis and genomics suggest that microglia and astrocytes have central roles in the progressive disease process. In this Review, we provide an overview of the involvement of astrocytes and microglia at major sites of pathology in progressive MS. We discuss current and future therapeutic approaches to directly target glial cells, either to inhibit pathogenic functions or to restore homeostatic functions lost during the course of the disease. We also discuss how bidirectional communication between astrocytes and microglia needs to be considered, as therapeutic targeting of one is likely to alter the functions of the other.
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36
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Sen MK, Mahns DA, Coorssen JR, Shortland PJ. The roles of microglia and astrocytes in phagocytosis and myelination: Insights from the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis. Glia 2022; 70:1215-1250. [PMID: 35107839 PMCID: PMC9302634 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In human demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), an imbalance between demyelination and remyelination can trigger progressive degenerative processes. The clearance of myelin debris (phagocytosis) from the site of demyelination by microglia is critically important to achieve adequate remyelination and to slow the progression of the disease. However, how microglia phagocytose the myelin debris, and why clearance is impaired in MS, is not fully known; likewise, the role of the microglia in remyelination remains unclear. Recent studies using cuprizone (CPZ) as an animal model of central nervous system demyelination revealed that the up‐regulation of signaling proteins in microglia facilitates effective phagocytosis of myelin debris. Moreover, during demyelination, protective mediators are released from activated microglia, resulting in the acceleration of remyelination in the CPZ model. In contrast, inadequate microglial activation or recruitment to the site of demyelination, and the production of toxic mediators, impairs remyelination resulting in progressive demyelination. In addition to the microglia‐mediated phagocytosis, astrocytes play an important role in the phagocytic process by recruiting microglia to the site of demyelination and producing regenerative mediators. The current review is an update of these emerging findings from the CPZ animal model, discussing the roles of microglia and astrocytes in phagocytosis and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monokesh K Sen
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - David A Mahns
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences and Faculty of Mathematics & Science, Brock University, St. Cathari, Canada
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37
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The 18 kDa translocator protein is associated with microglia in the hippocampus of non-demented elderly subjects. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100045. [PMID: 36908874 PMCID: PMC9997180 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase in the brain expression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is considered as a marker of neuroinflammation in the context of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, in non-demented subjects with Alzheimer's neuropathology, TSPO accumulation in hippocampus subdivisions has not been fully characterized. To determine if TSPO is associated with the presence of amyloid β plaques and/or phosphorylated Tau accumulation, we analyzed hippocampal sections using immunohistochemistry of 14 non-demented subjects with positive staining for Aβ and/or phosphorylated Tau. TSPO expression was heterogenous with higher accumulation in the CA2/3 and subiculum subfields of the hippocampus. Its distribution closely resembled that of the microglial IBA1 marker and of the Aβ42 amyloid form. In addition, positive correlations were observed between TSPO and IBA1 densities in CA4, CA2/3 and the subiculum but not with either the astrocyte GFAP marker or the AD-type Aβ and Tau markers. This study sustains the hypothesis that TSPO is mainly associated with microglia and in Aβ42-rich subdivisions in the hippocampus of non-demented elderly individuals.
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38
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Analyzing microglial phenotypes across neuropathologies: a practical guide. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:923-936. [PMID: 34623511 PMCID: PMC8498770 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As extremely sensitive immune cells, microglia act as versatile watchdogs of the central nervous system (CNS) that tightly control tissue homeostasis. Therefore, microglial activation is an early and easily detectable hallmark of virtually all neuropsychiatric, neuro-oncological, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. The recent introduction of novel high-throughput technologies and several single-cell methodologies as well as advances in epigenetic analyses helped to identify new microglia expression profiles, enhancer-landscapes and local signaling cues that defined diverse previously unappreciated microglia states in the healthy and diseased CNS. Here, we give an overview on the recent developments in the field of microglia biology and provide a practical guide to analyze disease-associated microglia phenotypes in both the murine and human CNS, on several morphological and molecular levels. Finally, technical limitations, potential pitfalls and data misinterpretations are discussed as well.
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39
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Pinto MV, Santos FMF, Barros C, Ribeiro AR, Pischel U, Gois PMP, Fernandes A. BASHY Dye Platform Enables the Fluorescence Bioimaging of Myelin Debris Phagocytosis by Microglia during Demyelination. Cells 2021; 10:3163. [PMID: 34831386 PMCID: PMC8620345 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by the presence of demyelinated regions with accumulated myelin lipid debris. Importantly, to allow effective remyelination, such debris must be cleared by microglia. Therefore, the study of microglial activity with sensitive tools is of great interest to better monitor the MS clinical course. Using a boronic acid-based (BASHY) fluorophore, specific for nonpolar lipid aggregates, we aimed to address BASHY's ability to label nonpolar myelin debris and image myelin clearance in the context of demyelination. Demyelinated ex vivo organotypic cultures (OCSCs) and primary microglia cells were immunostained to evaluate BASHY's co-localization with myelin debris and also to evaluate BASHY's specificity for phagocytosing cells. Additionally, mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were injected with BASHY and posteriorly analyzed to evaluate BASHY+ microglia within demyelinated lesions. Indeed, in our in vitro and ex vivo studies, we showed a significant increase in BASHY labeling in demyelinated OCSCs, mostly co-localized with Iba1-expressing amoeboid/phagocytic microglia. Most importantly, BASHY's presence was also found within demyelinated areas of EAE mice, essentially co-localizing with lesion-associated Iba1+ cells, evidencing BASHY's potential for the in vivo bioimaging of myelin clearance and myelin-carrying microglia in regions of active demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.V.P.); (F.M.F.S.); (C.B.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Fábio M. F. Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.V.P.); (F.M.F.S.); (C.B.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Catarina Barros
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.V.P.); (F.M.F.S.); (C.B.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Ana Rita Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.V.P.); (F.M.F.S.); (C.B.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO (Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible)—Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Pedro M. P. Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.V.P.); (F.M.F.S.); (C.B.); (A.R.R.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.V.P.); (F.M.F.S.); (C.B.); (A.R.R.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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40
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Woodburn SC, Bollinger JL, Wohleb ES. The semantics of microglia activation: neuroinflammation, homeostasis, and stress. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:258. [PMID: 34742308 PMCID: PMC8571840 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are emerging as critical regulators of neuronal function and behavior in nearly every area of neuroscience. Initial reports focused on classical immune functions of microglia in pathological contexts, however, immunological concepts from these studies have been applied to describe neuro-immune interactions in the absence of disease, injury, or infection. Indeed, terms such as 'microglia activation' or 'neuroinflammation' are used ubiquitously to describe changes in neuro-immune function in disparate contexts; particularly in stress research, where these terms prompt undue comparisons to pathological conditions. This creates a barrier for investigators new to neuro-immunology and ultimately hinders our understanding of stress effects on microglia. As more studies seek to understand the role of microglia in neurobiology and behavior, it is increasingly important to develop standard methods to study and define microglial phenotype and function. In this review, we summarize primary research on the role of microglia in pathological and physiological contexts. Further, we propose a framework to better describe changes in microglia1 phenotype and function in chronic stress. This approach will enable more precise characterization of microglia in different contexts, which should facilitate development of microglia-directed therapeutics in psychiatric and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Woodburn
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Justin L Bollinger
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric S Wohleb
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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41
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Wimberley C, Buvat I, Boutin H. Imaging translocator protein expression with positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:74-76. [PMID: 34729627 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Wimberley
- Edinburgh Imaging QMRI, BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH14 4SB, UK
| | - Irene Buvat
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm, U1288 LITO, Orsay, France
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Brain and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. .,Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK. .,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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42
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Positron emission tomography in multiple sclerosis - straight to the target. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:663-675. [PMID: 34545219 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the impressive progress in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), the major challenge ahead is the development of treatments to prevent or delay the irreversible accumulation of clinical disability in progressive forms of the disease. The substrate of clinical progression is neuro-axonal degeneration, and a deep understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this process is a precondition for the development of therapies for progressive MS. PET imaging involves the use of radiolabelled compounds that bind to specific cellular and metabolic targets, thereby enabling direct in vivo measurement of several pathological processes. This approach can provide key insights into the clinical relevance of these processes and their chronological sequence during the disease course. In this Review, we focus on the contribution that PET is making to our understanding of extraneuronal and intraneuronal mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenesis of irreversible neuro-axonal damage in MS. We consider the major challenges with the use of PET in MS and the steps necessary to realize clinical benefits of the technique. In addition, we discuss the potential of emerging PET tracers and future applications of existing compounds to facilitate the identification of effective neuroprotective treatments for patients with MS.
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43
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Amor S, Nutma E, Marzin M, Puentes F. Imaging immunological processes from blood to brain in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:301-313. [PMID: 34510431 PMCID: PMC8561688 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathology studies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and animal models of ALS reveal a strong association between aberrant protein accumulation and motor neurone damage, as well as activated microglia and astrocytes. While the role of neuroinflammation in the pathology of ALS is unclear, imaging studies of the central nervous system (CNS) support the idea that innate immune activation occurs early in disease in both humans and rodent models of ALS. In addition, emerging studies also reveal changes in monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes in peripheral blood as well as at the neuromuscular junction. To more clearly understand the association of neuroinflammation (innate and adaptive) with disease progression, the use of biomarkers and imaging modalities allow monitoring of immune parameters in the disease process. Such approaches are important for patient stratification, selection and inclusion in clinical trials, as well as to provide readouts of response to therapy. Here, we discuss the different imaging modalities, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography as well as other approaches, including biomarkers of inflammation in ALS, that aid the understanding of the underlying immune mechanisms associated with motor neurone degeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Erik Nutma
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel Marzin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fabiola Puentes
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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44
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TSPO levels in multiple sclerosis lesions reflect microglial density rather than activation state. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:462. [PMID: 34188236 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Danon JJ, Tregeagle DFL, Kassiou M. Adventures in Translocation: Studies of the Translocator Protein (TSPO) 18 kDa. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein found embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane. A secondary target for the benzodiazepine diazepam, TSPO has been a protein of interest for researchers for decades, particularly owing to its well-established links to inflammatory conditions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has become a key biomarker for assessing microglial activation using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with diseases ranging from atherosclerosis to Alzheimer’s disease. This Account describes research published by our group over the past 15 years surrounding the development of TSPO ligands and their use in probing the function of this high-value target.
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