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Ruggiero CF, Trexberg KM, Moore AM, Savage JS. Applying the Family Stress Model to responsive feeding and early obesity prevention. Appetite 2024; 200:107515. [PMID: 38797237 PMCID: PMC11227407 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Rapid weight gain during infancy and obesity during early childhood may lead to adverse health outcomes during later childhood and into adulthood, especially in families experiencing economic hardship. Families experiencing economic hardship may also experience food insecurity, which can impact child development and responsive feeding, an important target for obesity prevention in early life. The Family Stress Model suggests that stress, particularly economic hardship, can negatively impact parents' mental health, parenting, and quality of family relationships. This review proposes a conceptual model that expands upon the original Family Stress Model by including parent-child dyadic interactions during feeding (i.e., responsive feeding) as well as the coparenting relationship around feeding. Our conceptual model integrates responsive feeding into the Family Stress Model and includes the impact of food insecurity on feeding and child health outcomes. Such models that consider multiple influences on child development have implications for the design of effective interventions to promote healthy growth for entire families. Future directions in this research will empirically test the model and explore early intervention strategies that aim to promote responsive feeding, nutrition security, and health within families. Continuing interdisciplinary research between the fields of nutrition and family development will be key to addressing the complex interplay of family stressors, parent responsiveness, and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara F Ruggiero
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Trexberg
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Amy M Moore
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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2
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Xia W, Xu K, Wang M, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zheng B, Zhang J. Parent-child interaction, appetite self-regulation, and BMIz in Chinese preschoolers: a mediation analysis. Public Health 2024; 235:63-70. [PMID: 39059089 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research on parent-child interaction (PCI) and its impact on children's weight status is a thriving study area. However, their potential pathways have not been established. This study investigated the association between PCI and children's body-mass index z score (BMIz) examining the role of appetite self-regulation (ASR) as a mediator. STUDY DESIGN Mediation analysis. METHODS We included children from 33 kindergartens in Wuhan with parents' consent, measuring children's height and weight, and calculating BMIz. To assess the PCI quality, we utilized the Brigance Parent-Child Interactions Scale. Additionally, children's ASR was tested by satiety responsiveness (SR) and food responsiveness (FR) using the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Quantile regression was employed to examine the PCI-BMIz association, while mediation analysis was conducted to explore ASR's mediating effect on the relationship between PCI and BMIz. RESULTS Of 3973 children (53.88% boys) included in the analysis, the mean BMIz was 0.24 ± 1.13. The results revealed that children with poorer PCI quality have higher BMIz across all selected BMIz percentiles, except for the 5th percentile. Furthermore, these associations were significant across most percentiles, whether for boys or girls. Mediation analysis suggested that these associations were partially mediated by children's ASR (indFR = -0.026, PFR < 0.001; indSR = -0.058, PSR < 0.001), with stronger effects observed among boys. CONCLUSION The variation in how strongly BMIz was linked to PCI across different percentiles suggests that children with poorer PCI have higher BMIz. The link is partially mediated through children's ASR. It's important to pay attention to the PCI quality in children with higher BMIz levels, especially in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - K Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Evidence-based Nursing Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - B Zheng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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3
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Haag K, Halligan SL, Hiller R, Skeen S, Tomlinson M. Long-term associations between early attachment and parenting and adolescent susceptibility to post-traumatic distress in a South African high-risk sample. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:921-931. [PMID: 38111273 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that children and young people living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are not only exposed more frequently to trauma but also have a higher likelihood of encountering traumas of greater severity than those living in high-income countries (HICs). This may lead to higher rates of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, developmental pathways to risk or resilience after trauma exposure in LMICs are underresearched. METHODS We examined early parenting and attachment as potentially important formative factors for later stress reactivity in a longitudinal cohort of South African children (N = 449). Parenting and attachment were assessed at child age 18 months, and interpersonal trauma exposure, PTSS and parenting stress were measured at 13 years (N = 333; core sample with data on all measures: N = 213). Following a vulnerability-stress approach, separate regression models were run to investigate whether parent-child attachment at 18 months, parental sensitivity and intrusiveness during play at 12 months, and current parenting stress at 13 years, interacted with adolescents' extent of interpersonal trauma exposure to predict their PTSS levels at 13 years. RESULTS We found no predictive effects of either early attachment or current parenting stress in relation to child PTSS. There was some evidence for predictive influences of parental early intrusiveness and sensitivity on adolescent outcomes, though associations were unexpectedly positive for the latter. No interaction effects supporting a vulnerability-stress model were found. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found limited evidence that elements of the early parent-child environment predict child risk/resilience to trauma in LMIC children. Future studies should include more frequent assessments of relevant constructs to capture changes over time and consider further what comprises adaptive parenting in high-risk contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah L Halligan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Rachel Hiller
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Sarah Skeen
- Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Tomlinson
- Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University, Belfast, UK
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Kanayama A, Siraj I, Moeyaert M, Steiner K, Yu EC, Ereky‐Stevens K, Iwasa K, Ishikawa M, Kahlon M, Warnatsch R, Dascalu A, He R, Mehta PP, Robinson N, Shi Y. PROTOCOL: Key characteristics of effective preschool-based interventions to promote self-regulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2024; 20:e1383. [PMID: 38566844 PMCID: PMC10985547 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This is the protocol for a Cochrane Review. The objectives are as follows: The aim of this systematic review is to advance our understanding of the key characteristics of effective preschool-based interventions designed to foster self-regulation. To accomplish this, the review addresses the following questions: 1. What types of preschool-based interventions have been developed to promote self-regulation? 2. What is the average effect of these preschool-based interventions on self-regulation, focusing on four key constructs: integrative effortful control, integrative executive function, self-regulation, and self-regulated learning? 3. What characteristics-such as Resource Allocation, Activity Type, and Instruction Method-could potentially contribute to the effects of preschool-based interventions in promoting self-regulation?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iram Siraj
- Department of EducationUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mariola Moeyaert
- Department of Educational and Counseling PsychologyThe State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Kat Steiner
- Bodleian Health Care LibrariesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Elie ChingYen Yu
- Division of Educational Psychology and MethodologyThe State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - Moeko Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Human SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Ruoying He
- Division of the Social SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | | | - Yining Shi
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Jung A, Ishibashi M, Shinya Y, Itakura S. Relationship between maternal grit and effortful control among 18-21-month-old toddlers. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1346428. [PMID: 38827896 PMCID: PMC11140844 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1346428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Grit is known to be effective for long-term academic and social success. However, few studies have focused on the role of grit in parenting and its effect on the development of grit in children. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of maternal grit on children's effortful control (EC), which is thought to be a precursor to grit, using parenting as a mediating factor. Participants in the current study were 412 children (age range: 18-21 months, M = 34.67 months, SD = 4.51 months) and their mothers. We assessed maternal grit, parenting style, maternal EC, and child EC, and found that maternal grit, maternal EC, and parenting style were positively correlated with child EC. Furthermore, maternal grit was related to EC in children not only directly, but also indirectly through responsive parenting. Additionally, maternal grit was found to be directly related to child EC only when assessed separately from maternal EC. The current study's findings suggest that maternal grit is directly related to EC in children in a way that differs from the mother's EC in child-rearing situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awoun Jung
- Department of Psychology, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikako Ishibashi
- Department of Psychology and Humanities, College of Sociology, Edogawa University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinya
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Itakura
- Research Organization of Open Innovation and Collaboration Ritsumeikan University, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Kil H, Longpré C, Mageau GA. Dysregulation profile in children of ethnoracially diverse at-risk families: Factor structure and longitudinal correlates. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:787-798. [PMID: 36847250 PMCID: PMC10464460 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942300007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The present work sought to confirm the factor structure and examine longitudinal strengths-based and mental health correlates of the dysregulation profile (DP) in children of at-risk fragile families of diverse ethnoracial backgrounds. The data came from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2125 families). Mothers (Mage = 25.3) were mostly unmarried (74.6%), and children (51.4% boys) were identified as Black (47.0%), Hispanic (21.4%), White (16.7%), or multiracial or other backgrounds. Childhood DP was constructed using mother reports of the Child Behavior Checklist at age 9. Mothers' in-home parent-child interactions and depressive symptoms were assessed at child age 5. At age 15, children responded about their own mental health, social skills, and other strengths-focused outcomes. A bifactor DP structure fit well to the data, with the DP factor representing difficulties in self-regulation. Using SEM, we found that mothers who were more depressed and used less warm parenting at child age 5 had children who presented with higher DP at age 9. DP was in turn associated with less social skills, perseverance, optimism, and more anxiety, depression, and impulsivity at adolescence. Childhood DP appears to be relevant and applicable for at-risk, diverse families, and may also impede on children's future positive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hali Kil
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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7
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Wang S, Gai X. Bidirectional Relationship between Positive Parenting Behavior and Children's Self-Regulation: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:38. [PMID: 38247690 PMCID: PMC10813346 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used a cross-lagged design to explore the relationship between children's self-regulation and positive parenting behaviors. Children aged 3 years (N = 84) were tested individually three times a year for their hot and cool self-regulation, while their parents' positive parenting behaviors (warmth, structure, and autonomy support) were collected through questionnaires. In the structural equation panel model, bidirectional relations between children's inhibitory control and parental positive parenting were found. Children's inhibitory control and positive parenting predicted changes in each other for the first six months. Such a reciprocal relationship also existed between parental autonomy support and children's inhibitory control. There was a cross-lagged effect between parental warmth and children' inhibitory control rather than a simultaneous relation. Children's inhibitory control positively predicted parental structural behaviors rather than vice versa. Children's delayed waiting and positive parenting (autonomy support) were only positively correlated, rather than having a lagging effect. All the relationships faded over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China;
| | - Xiaosong Gai
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China;
- Research Center of Mental Health Education in Northeast Normal University, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science in Universities in Jilin Province, Changchun 130024, China
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8
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Brittain H, Vaillancourt T. Love withdrawal use by toddlers: Multi-informant associations with aggression and parents' use of love withdrawal. Aggress Behav 2024; 50:e22108. [PMID: 37584443 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Love withdrawal is a form of interpersonal manipulation that shares many features with relational aggression; its use by children has not been examined. Guided by social learning theory, we sought to investigate the prevalence of toddlers' use of love withdrawal toward caregivers (parents and teachers) and further investigate how this behavior was associated with relational and physical aggression and parents' use of love withdrawal. These aims were examined using parent and teacher reports in a sample of 198 toddlers (Mage = 33.62 months; SD = 5.00 months; 50.5% girls). We found that most toddlers used love withdrawal directed at parents (79.2%) and teachers (72.1%) when angry and displayed this type of behavior more than relational and physical aggression. Accounting for household income, hours per week in childcare, and child age in months, as well as classroom clustering, we found that relational aggression, and not physical aggression, predicted the use of love withdrawal by toddlers (teacher reports), and that the associations were stronger for love withdrawal and relational aggression than for physical aggression. We also found that parents' use of love withdrawal toward their child was correlated with their reports of their child's use of love withdrawal, but not with their child's use of aggression. These results highlight the importance of considering the use of love withdrawal by children given its association with aggression which is linked to poorer psychosocial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Brittain
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Quail KR, Ward CL. Using Non-Violent Discipline Tools: Evidence Suggesting the Importance of Attunement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7187. [PMID: 38131738 PMCID: PMC10742770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20247187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Training in non-violent discipline is important to prevent violence against children and ensure that their caregivers remain a safe base for them. This paper aims to deepen understanding of non-violent discipline by exploring attunement as a mechanism in the effectiveness of non-violent discipline tools. Attunement describes the sensitive responsiveness of caregivers towards their children and has been found to be central to the formation of secure attachment bonds and development of self-regulation. It includes understanding or being "in tune with" the child's needs and signals, matching these with appropriate responses. The objective of this paper is to explore attunement in relation to non-violent discipline. Peer-reviewed systematic reviews previously included in a systematic overview of evidence on non-violent discipline options were screened for information relevant to attunement. All reviews were published in English between 1999 and 2018 and offered evidence on at least one non-violent discipline tool. Although no reviews explicitly addressed attunement, evidence was found suggesting its importance in the use and effectiveness of discipline methods. Research directly investigating attunement in discipline is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R. Quail
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
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10
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Bierman KL, Stormshak EA, Mannweiler MD, Hails KA. Preschool Programs that Help Families Promote Child Social-Emotional School Readiness: Promising New Strategies. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:865-879. [PMID: 37453988 PMCID: PMC11154596 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Parents play a central role in supporting the early learning that positions young children for success when they enter formal schooling. For this reason, efforts to engage families in meaningful collaboration is a long-standing goal of high-quality early childhood education (ECE). Family-school engagement can take multiple forms; in this review, we focus on universal preschool-based outreach strategies that help parents support growth in child social-emotional and self-regulation competencies and prepare them for the transition into formal schooling. Recent research has expanded understanding of the neurodevelopmental processes that underlie child school readiness, and the impact of parenting (and the social ecology affecting parenting) on those processes. These new insights have fueled innovation in preschool-based efforts to partner with and support parents, expanding and shifting the focus of that programming. In addition, new approaches to intervention design and delivery are emerging to address the pervasive challenges of reaching and engaging families, especially those representing diverse racial, ethnic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds. This paper reviews developmental research that underscores the importance of prioritizing child social-emotional learning (with attention to self-regulation and approaches to learning) in universal preschool-based parenting programs targeting young children. We highlight the intervention strategies used in programs with strong evidence of impact on child readiness and school adjustment based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). New directions in intervention design and delivery strategies are highlighted, with the hope of extending intervention reach and improving family engagement and benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Bierman
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | | | - Morgan D Mannweiler
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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11
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Mulvey MF, Herbers JE, Jennings KJ, Goran R, Knight AC. Infant fearful distress, parent intrusiveness, and adversity in families experiencing homelessness. Infant Behav Dev 2023; 73:101891. [PMID: 37827010 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2023.101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Infants experiencing homelessness face risk for developing mental health problems in the future. Parents residing in shelters experience adverse events at elevated rates compared to non-homeless individuals, which can impact their infants during a time of rapid development depending on how the parent copes. For some, trauma linked to these events may manifest in an intrusive parenting style that interferes with the child's developing capacity for self-regulation. We utilized a sample of 60 parent-infant dyads recruited while residing in emergency homeless shelters to evaluate associations among parents' history of adversity, intrusive parenting behaviors, and infants' fearful distress. Observed parent intrusiveness during a free play interaction was significantly associated with infant fearfulness observed in a separate behavioral task during which infants viewed a series of masks. Furthermore, there was a moderating effect for parent history of adversity such that the association between parent intrusiveness and infant fearful distress was stronger among parents with more past experiences of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa F Mulvey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, USA
| | - Janette E Herbers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, USA.
| | - Kristin J Jennings
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, USA
| | - Rahma Goran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, USA
| | - Abigail C Knight
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, USA
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12
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Arikan G, Kumru A. A person-based approach to emotion socialization in toddlerhood: Individual differences in maternal emotion regulation, mental-health and parental sense of competence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13606. [PMID: 37604851 PMCID: PMC10442338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mothers adopt various emotion socialization strategies and sometimes exhibit contradictory responses. Thus, it is essential to understand how mothers differentiate in their use of emotion socialization strategies, and whether a set of emotion socialization responses is associated with individual differences in emotion regulation, mental health, and parental sense of competence during toddlerhood. Therefore, we used a person-centred approach to identify mothers' emotion socialization responses and then compared mothers based on the aforementioned characteristics. The mothers (N = 680) with toddlers (M = 23.56 months) responded to the Coping with Toddlers' Negative Emotions Scale, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Parental Sense of Competence Scale. The 3-profile-solution revealed: Unspecified (moderate scores in all emotion socialization strategies), supportive (high scores in supportive emotion socialization strategies) and mixture profiles (high in all emotion socialization strategies). The supportive and mixture profiles scored highly in cognitive reappraisal. Unspecified and mixture profiles did not vary in expressive suppression and mental health symptoms, but they scored lower than supportive profile mothers. In the parental sense of competence, the supportive profile scored higher than the mixture profile. The results showed mothers mainly using supportive emotion socialization strategies can demonstrate adequate emotion regulation and benefit from psychological well-being that potentially boosts parenting competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Arikan
- Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, 34794, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Asiye Kumru
- Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, 34794, Istanbul, Turkey
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Shields M, Tonmyr L, Gonzalez A, Atkinson L, Blair DL, Hovdestad W, MacMillan H. Depression, parenting and the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: results from three nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e063991. [PMID: 37580094 PMCID: PMC10432656 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression is associated with problems in functioning in many aspects of life, including parenting. COVID-19 has increased risk factors for depression. We investigated the prevalence of depression among parents during the pandemic and the association with dysfunctional parenting. DESIGN Canadian nationwide cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The 2020 and 2021 Surveys on COVID-19 and Mental Health (SCMH) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (2015‒2019). Responding sample sizes for parents were 3121 for the 2020-SCMH; 1574 for the 2021-SCMH and 6076 for the CCHS. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES All three surveys collected information on symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). The SCMH measured harsh parenting. RESULTS Based on data from the 2021-SCMH collected during wave 3 of COVID-19, 14.4% of fathers and 21.2% of mothers screened positive for MDD. These prevalence estimates were similar to those from the 2020-SCMH during wave 2, but at least two times higher than pre-COVID-19 estimates from the CCHS. Multivariate analyses revealed a linear association between MDD and harsh parenting. COVID-19-related stressors were associated with harsh parenting. Among mothers, feeling lonely or isolated because of COVID-19 was a risk factor for harsh parenting; among fathers, being a front-line worker was a risk factor. Meditation was a protective factor for mothers. CONCLUSIONS After years of stability, the prevalence of MDD increased substantially among Canadian parents during the pandemic. Ongoing monitoring is vital to determine if elevated levels of depression persist because chronic depression increases the likelihood of negative child outcomes. Programmes aimed at addressing depression and bolstering parenting skills are needed as families continue to face stressors associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn-Li Blair
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Harriet MacMillan
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, and of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Vrantsidis DM, Clark CAC, Volk A, Wakschlag LS, Andrews Espy K, Wiebe SA. Exploring the interplay of dopaminergic genotype and parental behavior in relation to executive function in early childhood. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1147-1158. [PMID: 34779374 PMCID: PMC9107528 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Child genotype is an important biologically based individual difference conferring differential sensitivity to the effect of parental behavior. This study explored dopaminergic polygenic composite × parental behavior interactions in relation to young children's executive function. Participants were 135 36-month-old children and their mothers drawn from a prospective cohort followed longitudinally from pregnancy. A polygenic composite was created based on the number of COMT, DAT1, DRD2, and DRD4 alleles associated with increased reward sensitivity children carried. Maternal negative reactivity and responsiveness were coded during a series of structured mother-child interactions. Executive function was operationalized as self-control and working memory/inhibitory control. Path analysis supported a polygenic composite by negative reactivity interaction for self-control. The nature of the interaction was one of diathesis-stress, such that higher negative reactivity was associated with poorer self-control for children with higher polygenic composite scores. This result suggests that children with a higher number of alleles may be more vulnerable to the negative effect of negative reactivity. Negative reactivity may increase the risk for developing behavior problems in this population via an association with poorer self-control. Due to the small sample size, these initial findings should be treated with caution until they are replicated in a larger independent sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne M Vrantsidis
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Caron A C Clark
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Auriele Volk
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kimberly Andrews Espy
- Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sandra A Wiebe
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Chen L, Yeung WJJ. Pre-pandemic family resources and child self-regulation in children's internalizing problems during COVID-19: a multi-level social-ecological framework for emotional resilience. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1203524. [PMID: 37564305 PMCID: PMC10410081 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1203524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children's psychological adjustment to adverse events can be determined by multiple risk and resilience factors. This study explored multi-level protective factors against children's internalizing problems and investigated the mechanism regarding how diverse environmental and child-level resources influence children's mental health in the context of COVID-19. Methods Our participants included a nationally representative sample of 2,619 young children (48.3% girls) and their primary caregivers (95.1% mothers) in Singapore. They were a subset of the participants in the Singapore Longitudinal Early Development Study (SG LEADS). Data were collected over two waves-before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (Wave 1) when these children aged 3 to 6, and during the second year of the pandemic (Wave 2). Primary caregivers completed measures of verbal cognitive ability, self-control, economic stress, and positive and negative parental control in Wave 1. Children's self-regulation was assessed by the Delay of Gratification task in Wave 1, and their internalizing problems were rated by their primary caregivers in both waves. Other pre-pandemic family and community characteristics were collected as covariates. Structural equation modeling was performed. Results Pre-pandemic parental resources (i.e., verbal cognitive ability, self-control, and low economic stress) predicted children's fewer internalizing problems during the pandemic and less aggravation of internalizing problems from before to during the pandemic, through more positive parental control (i.e., limit setting) and less negative parental control (i.e., harsh discipline). Moreover, children's self-regulation during early childhood was predicted by their primary caregivers' verbal cognitive ability and self-control, as well as positive parental control. Early childhood self-regulation further alleviated the aggravation of internalizing problems over time. Among the covariates, parental education, family income, parental psychological well-being, living with both parents, having a live-in domestic helper, and neighborhood quality also longitudinally predicted fewer child internalizing problems. Discussion Our findings underscore the importance of nurturing children's emotional resilience under adverse and uncertain circumstances by boosting protective factors in their social-ecological system, including community-, family-, parent-, and child-level resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Chen
- Centre for Family and Population Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Jun Jean Yeung
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Swit CS, Coyne SM, Shawcroft J, Gath M, Barr R, Holmgren HG, Stockdale L. Problematic media use in early childhood: The role of parent-child relationships and parental wellbeing in families in New Zealand and the United States. JOURNAL OF CHILDREN AND MEDIA 2023; 17:443-466. [PMID: 38222896 PMCID: PMC10786582 DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2023.2230321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Problematic media use (PMU) during early childhood has the potential to interfere with the healthy functioning of family systems and may be associated with significant long-term problems for the child. However, we know very little about what contributes to early childhood PMU, particularly in the family context. We examine parenting factors as correlates of child PMU in two studies, from two different countries, using two different methods. Study 1 (N=93, Mage=45.3months, SD=10.15, 58%males, 87%mothers) investigated the concurrent role of self-reported parental burnout and parent-child conflict and closeness as correlates of child PMU in an early childhood sample in New Zealand. Study 2 (N=269, Mage=41.17months, SD=3.06 months, 49%males, 95%mothers) investigated observed parental warmth and harsh criticism as predictors of concurrent and longitudinal PMU in an early childhood sample in the United States. Together, findings showed that in both countries approximately 22-25% of young children show symptoms of PMU. After controlling for parent's PMU, parent-child conflict, warmth and parental burnout were not associated with child PMU. Low levels of parent-child closeness and parent's use of harsh criticism were predictive of child PMU. The findings advance our understanding of some of the parenting factors that influence the development of PMU in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara S. Swit
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand 8041
| | - Sarah M. Coyne
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA 84653
| | - Jane Shawcroft
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Megan Gath
- Child Well-being Research Institute, University of Canterbury
| | - Rachel Barr
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University
| | | | - Laura Stockdale
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA 84653
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17
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Mata C, Pauen S. The role of socio-cultural background and child age for parental regulation strategies and children's self-regulation: A comparison between Germany, Chile, and El Salvador. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 234:103871. [PMID: 36841119 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared parental regulation strategies and children's self-regulation in three different countries (Germany, Chile, El Salvador). N = 300 primary caregivers of 1- to 3-year-olds filled out a parental questionnaire (IMpulse-MAnagement in the caregiver-child dyad, IMMA; Pauen et al., 2019) assessing (a) socio-demographic variables, (b) parental ideas and goals regarding children's self-regulation skills, (c) children's self-regulation strategies in dealing with internal challenges or demands, and (d) caregiver's regulation strategies. Age-group comparisons revealed that (1) children increased compliance and verbal negotiation with their caregivers as they grow older, and (2) parents adapted their regulation strategies to the age of the child. Country-group comparisons further indicated substantial similarities and differences between countries with respect to (3) how parents expected children to deal with requests and prohibitions, as well as with their own needs, feelings, and impulses, (4) how children responded to goal-frustration and parental demands, and (5) which regulatory strategies parents used to support their offspring. These exploratory findings are discussed in the light of current models on cultural learning, parent-child interactions, and child self-regulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecil Mata
- Universidad de Chile-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Heidelberg University, Germany.
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18
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Wei W, Lu WT, Huang MM, Li Y. Revisiting the relationship between maternal parenting behaviors and executive functions in young children: Effect of measurement methods. Front Psychol 2023; 14:985889. [PMID: 36998351 PMCID: PMC10043369 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.985889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade of studies showed that parenting behaviors (e.g., warmth, autonomy, and control) were associated with children’s executive functions (EF) in the early years. However, different measurement methods had been used across studies, making it hard to compare the effects of parenting on EF across studies. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effect of the measurement methods on the relationship between maternal parenting behaviors and children’s EF among a group of Chinese preschoolers. One hundred and twenty-six children (62 boys; Mage = 48.65 months) were assessed with direct measures on children’s EF (inhibition and working memory tasks), and parenting behaviors of their mothers during interaction with children were observed and coded. Mothers also reported their parenting practices and children’s difficulties in executive functions. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the latent performance-based EF was uniquely predicted by maternal positive control and negative control in mother–child interaction, while children’s EF difficulties reported by mothers were predicted by mother-reported warmth and support, and autonomy granting. Overall, the results suggest that the relationship between maternal parenting and children’s EF depends on the measurement methods of parenting and executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Early Child Development Research Center, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ting Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Min Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Early Child Development Research Center, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li,
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19
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Factors related to the development of executive functions: A cumulative dopamine genetic score and environmental factors predict performance of kindergarten children in a go/nogo task. Trends Neurosci Educ 2023; 30:100200. [PMID: 36925267 DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2023.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at investigating the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in predicting executive function in children aged four to six years. METHODS Response inhibition as index of EF was assessed in 197 children using a go/nogo task. A cumulative dopamine (DA) genetic score was calculated, indexing predisposition of low DA activity. Dimensions of parenting behavior and parental education were assessed. RESULTS Parental education was positively related to accuracy in nogo trials. An interaction between the cumulative genetic score and the parenting dimension Responsiveness predicted go RT indicating that children with a high cumulative genetic score and high parental responsiveness exhibited a careful response mode. CONCLUSION The development of EF in kindergarten children is related to parental education as well as to an interaction between the molecular-genetics of the DA system and parenting behavior.
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20
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Liu Y, Kong Y, Li Z, Zhang G, Wang L, Yu G. Relationships between parental responsive feeding and infant appetitive traits: The moderating role of infant temperament. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1115274. [PMID: 36814664 PMCID: PMC9939436 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1115274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Between the ages of 6 and 12 months is a crucial stage for children to develop appetitive self-regulation. Evidence suggests that a combination of parental responsive feeding and infant temperament (surgency, effortful control, negative affect) shapes infant appetitive traits (food approach, food avoidance). There is a need for research to explore these relationships, in order to provide guidance for the design of an effective intervention to improve appetitive traits. The objective of the current study was to explore the moderating role of infant temperament in the relationship between parental responsive feeding and infant appetitive traits. Methods A total of 616 questionnaires, measuring parental responsive feeding, infant appetitive traits, and infant temperament, were collected from parents with infants aged 6-12 months. Results Results revealed that responsive feeding was associated with both food approach and food avoidance. Furthermore, only lower levels of surgency significantly moderated the relationship between responsive feeding and food approach, while responsive feeding was associated with food avoidance irrespective of infant temperament. Discussion These findings suggest that a strategy embedding responsive feeding interventions should be adopted to reduce infant food avoidance and low-surgent infant food approach, and interventions that are tailored toward food approach for infants with effortful control, negative affect, or higher levels of surgency should be further sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Women and Children’s Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Women and Children’s Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanghua Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Women and Children’s Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Office of President, The Affiliated Women and Children’s Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guiling Yu
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Women and Children’s Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Guiling Yu, ✉
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21
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Honda T, Tran T, Popplestone S, Draper CE, Yousafzai AK, Romero L, Fisher J. Parents’ mental health and the social-emotional development of their children aged between 24 and 59 months in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analyses. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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22
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Schmeer KK, Singletary B, Purtell KM, Justice LM. Family Disruption and Parenting During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2023; 44:112-138. [PMID: 36605180 PMCID: PMC9760521 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x211042852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using unique data from an economically and racially diverse sample of 448 caregivers with young children (ages 4-9 years) in Ohio, we assess multiple sources of family social and economic disruptions and their associations with parenting activities during the COVID-19 stay-at-home order. Caregivers reported extensive social and economic challenges during this time, while also increasing (on average) their time spent in play/learning activities. Time spent in discipline was less likely to increase during this period. We found significant associations among disadvantaged social conditions/experiences and parenting, and that some effects were moderated by 2019 household income status. Unexpectedly, changes in economic conditions, particularly caregiver job loss, were associated with higher odds of increases in reading/telling stories time across household income groups. Overall, findings indicate that social conditions associated with the stay-at-home period of COVID-19 might have been more disruptive to parenting for caregivers with young children than the short-term economic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kammi K. Schmeer
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Britt Singletary
- Crane Center for Early Childhood
Research and Policy, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kelly M. Purtell
- Crane Center for Early Childhood
Research and Policy, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura M. Justice
- Crane Center for Early Childhood
Research and Policy, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA
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23
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Ruggiero CF, Moore AM, Marini ME, Kodish SR, Jones DE, McHale SM, Savage JS. Resource dilution in maternal feeding practices after birth of a secondborn. Appetite 2023; 180:106367. [PMID: 36356911 PMCID: PMC9910362 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Firstborn children have higher prevalence of obesity than secondborn siblings. The birth of a sibling typically results in resource dilution when mothers begin to divide their time and attention between two children. This mixed-methods analysis applies the family systems process of resource dilution to test the hypothesis that characteristics of the secondborn impact how parents feed the firstborn. Participants (n = 76) were mothers of consecutively born firstborn and secondborn siblings who participated in the INSIGHT trial and an observational cohort. Quantitative analyses involved multilevel models to test if characteristics of secondborns (temperament at 16 weeks, appetite at 28 weeks) were associated with maternal feeding practices of firstborns (structure and control-based feeding) at 1, 2, and 3 years, adjusting for firstborn child characteristics. A purposive subsample (n = 30) of mothers participated in semi-structured interviews to contextualize potential sibling influences on maternal feeding practices during infancy and toddlerhood. Quantitative data showed secondborn temperament and appetite were associated with how mothers fed their firstborn. Qualitative data explained maternal feeding practices in three primary ways: 1) Mothers explained shifting predictable meal and snack routines after birth of the secondborn, but did not perceive sibling characteristics as the source; 2) Family chaos following the secondborn's birth led to "survival mode" in feeding; and 3) Social support was protective against feeding resource dilution. The family systems process of resource dilution is a focus for future research and support for families during key transitions and a direction for efforts to reduce risk for child obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara F Ruggiero
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, 129 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Nutritional Sciences, 110 C Chandlee Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Amy M Moore
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, 129 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Michele E Marini
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, 129 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Stephen R Kodish
- Nutritional Sciences, 110 C Chandlee Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Damon E Jones
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Susan M McHale
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 114 Henderson, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, 129 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Nutritional Sciences, 110 C Chandlee Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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24
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Ramos AM, Shewark EA, Reiss D, Leve LD, Natsuaki MN, Shaw DS, Ganiban JM, Neiderhiser JM. Family interactions in toddlerhood influence social competence in preschool age: Accounting for genetic and prenatal influences. Front Psychol 2022; 13:975086. [PMID: 36518964 PMCID: PMC9742492 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.975086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of early promotive and risk factors for social competence is important for fostering children's successful social development; particularly given social competence is essential for children's later academic and psychological well-being. While research suggests that the early parent-child relationship, genetics, and prenatal influences are associated with social competence, there is less research considering how these factors may operate together to shape children's social competence in early childhood. Using a genetically informed sample from the Early Growth and Development Study (N = 561), we examined multiple levels of influence (i.e., genetic, prenatal, parenting, and child characteristics) on children's social competence at 4.5 years old. Results from structural equation models showed adoptive mother overreactivity at 18 months was positively associated with child dysregulation at 27 months, which, in turn, was associated with lower levels of social competence at 4.5 years. Also, child reactivity at 18 months was independently associated with higher levels of adoptive mother overreactivity at 27 months, which, in turn, was associated with lower levels of social competence at 4.5 years. Finally, we found an evocative effect on adoptive fathers' overreactivity at 18 months such that prenatal birth mother distress was negatively associated with adoptive fathers' overreactivity at 18 months. Overall, this study found evidence for genetic influences, and bidirectional associations between parent and child in toddlerhood that are related to lower levels of social competence when children were 4.5 years old. We also found that the prenatal environment was associated with parenting, but not with child behavior directly. This study's ability to simultaneously examine multiple domains of influence helps provide a more comprehensive picture of important mechanisms and developmental periods for children's early social competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Ramos
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Shewark
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - David Reiss
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Misaki N. Natsuaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jody M. Ganiban
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jenae M. Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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25
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Vrantsidis DM, Wakschlag LS, Espy KA, Wiebe SA. Differential associations of maternal behavior to preschool boys' and girls' executive function. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 83:101468. [PMID: 37220613 PMCID: PMC10201980 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Boys are more sensitive to environmental factors like parental behavior, an important predictor of executive function. This study examined whether the interaction between child sex and maternal behavior was associated with children's executive function in a manner consistent with the vulnerability or differential susceptibility model. Participants were 146 36-month-old children and their mothers. Maternal responsiveness and negative reactivity were coded during structured mother-child interactions. Executive function was operationalized as latent self-control and working memory/inhibitory control (WMIC). Structural equation modelling supported a sex by responsiveness interaction for self-control but not WMIC. Consistent with a vulnerability model, less responsiveness was associated with poorer self-control for boys relative to girls. Boys' self-control may be more vulnerable to the negative effect of unresponsive maternal behavior helping explain boys increased risk for externalizing behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne M. Vrantsidis
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 633 N. St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kimberly Andrews Espy
- Departments of Neuroscience, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sandra A. Wiebe
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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26
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Development of the Japanese Parenting Style Scale and examination of its validity and reliability. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18099. [PMID: 36302842 PMCID: PMC9613974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenting is an essential factor affecting child development. Therefore, several studies have focused on individual differences in parenting (i.e., parenting styles). However, there exist only a few useful scales in Japan, especially for parents who have preschool children. Therefore, a new scale for assessing parenting styles in Japan, based on the traditional theoretical framework, was developed, and examined for its validity and reliability. In Study 1, 82 original items were constructed and 1236 parents with preschool children completed these items. Next, 28 items for the Japanese Parenting Style Scale (JPSS) were selected based on factor analysis and the analyses of the graded response model. The JPSS included four factors: warmth, hostility, permissiveness, and harsh control. The results showed that each sub-scale had sufficient conceptual validity and internal consistency. In Study 2, the criterion-related validity of the JPSS was examined. A total of 1236 parents, non-participants in Study 1, completed the JPSS and other scales. The results showed sufficient criterion-related validity for the scale.
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27
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Brown KM, Ram N, Lunkenheimer E. The influence of children's effortful control on parent-child behavioral synchrony. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2022; 36:907-918. [PMID: 35708957 PMCID: PMC9764230 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Child temperament appears to evoke specific parenting behaviors that contribute to child development. However, questions remain about whether individual differences in children's temperamental self-regulation, namely, effortful control (EC), shape moment-to-moment parent-child interaction dynamics. Accordingly, we examined whether differences in children's EC were related to dynamic synchrony of parent and child behaviors during a challenging problem-solving task. We also tested whether these relations varied by parents' expressions of positive and negative behaviors that might differentially support or undermine children's regulatory efforts. State-trait multilevel models demonstrated that parent-child dyads engaged in dynamic, real-time behavioral concordance while parents engaged in positive but not negative behaviors. Further, dynamic concordance during parents' expressions of both positive and negative behaviors was moderated such that dyads with children higher in EC showed greater concordance. Additionally, when child behavior was more negative on average, parent behavior was also more negative on average. Results suggest parents' positive (compared to negative) behaviors are more likely to facilitate real-time synchrony and that children with higher EC may experience or foster greater behavioral synchrony with parents. Discussion centers on the importance of children's individual differences in shaping parent-child synchrony and potential implications for children's developing self-regulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Essler S, Paulus M. Caregivers' everyday moral reasoning predicts young children's aggressive, prosocial, and moral development: Evidence from ambulatory assessment. INFANCY 2022; 27:1068-1090. [PMID: 35959707 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developmental theories have proposed caregiver reactions, in particular caregivers' moral reasoning with their children, as crucial factors in children's developing morality. Yet, empirical evidence is scarce and mainly restricted to laboratory contexts. Here, we used the ambulatory assessment method to investigate how caregiver responses to moral transgressions longitudinally relate to children's emerging moral agency. On the first measurement point, mothers (N = 220) reported on nine consecutive evenings on a moral transgression of their 5- to 46-month-olds', their emotional and verbal reactions, and how in turn their child reacted. Five months later, mothers reported on their child's aggressive and prosocial (helping, sharing, comforting) behavior. Our results demonstrated that (1) caregiver reasoning supported children's sharing and comforting behavior and was related to lower levels of children's aggressive behavior half a year later, that (2) caregiver reasoning reactions supported children's negative evaluations of their own transgressions while compliance-based caregiver reactions (e.g., physical interventions, reprimands) were predictive of children's subsequent emotional distress and anger, and that (3) caregiver social conformity and reflective functioning abilities emerged as determinants of caregiver negative moral emotions. Thus, this study uses an innovative methodological approach to uncover key characteristics of caregiver moral reactions supporting the development of morality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Essler
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Paulus
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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29
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Phillips DA, Johnson AD, Iruka IU. Early care and education settings as contexts for socialization: New directions for quality assessment. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Phillips
- Georgetown University Department of Psychology Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Anna D. Johnson
- Georgetown University Department of Psychology Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Iheoma U. Iruka
- University of North Carolina Department of Public Policy Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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30
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Flouri E, Mueller M, Idsøe T, Nærde A. Outdoor play areas in childcare settings and children’s physical aggression: A longitudinal study of Norwegian kindergartens. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2087628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Flouri
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Mueller
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thormod Idsøe
- The Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Nærde
- The Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Feldman JS, Shaw DS, Nordahl KB, Backer‐Grøndahl A, Nærde A. Stable, longitudinal relations between early paternal supportive parenting and preschool‐age children's self‐regulation. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Feldman
- Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | | | | | | | - Ane Nærde
- The Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development Oslo Norway
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32
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Zimmermann P, Spangler G. Longitudinal Influences of DRD4 Polymorphism and Early Maternal Caregiving on Personality Development and Problem Behavior in Middle Childhood and Adolescence. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:839340. [PMID: 35496066 PMCID: PMC9048738 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.839340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies examining gene-environment effects on self-regulation focus on outcomes early childhood or adulthood. However, only a few studies investigate longitudinal effects during middle childhood and adolescence and compare two domains of early caregiving. In a longitudinal follow-up with a sample of N = 87, we studied the effects of differences in the DRD4 tandem repeat polymorphisms and two domains of early maternal caregiving quality on children's personality development using Block's California Child Q-Set (CCQ) at age six and age 12 and on problem behavior at ages six and seven. Early maternal regulation quality predicted later ego-resiliency and aggressiveness. In addition, significant gene-environment interactions revealed that children with the 7+ DRD4 tandem repeat polymorphism and poor maternal regulation quality in infancy showed lower scores in ego-resiliency and higher scores in ego-undercontrol and CCQ aggressiveness. In contrast, children who had experienced effective maternal regulation in infancy showed a comparable level in personality traits and problem behavior as the DRD4 7- group independent of the levels of maternal regulatory behavior. Similarly, longitudinal caregiving × DRD4 interactions were found for behavior problems in middle childhood, especially for oppositional-aggression, inattentive-hyperactivity, and social competence. Early caregiving effects were only found for maternal regulation quality, but not for maternal responsiveness. Effective early maternal regulation in infancy can moderate the negative effect of DRD4 7+ on children's self-regulation in middle childhood and adolescence. However, maternal responsiveness has no comparable effects. It seems relevant to consider several dimensions of early caregiving and to also measure the environment in more detail in gene-environment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zimmermann
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gottfried Spangler
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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33
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In her shoes: Partner reflective functioning promotes family-level resilience to maternal depression. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 35:958-971. [PMID: 35314013 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parental depression has significant implications for family functioning, yet much of the literature does not consider family-level dynamics in investigating individual, parenting and child outcomes. In the current study we apply a new index of couple-level support, partner reflective functioning (RF), or the romantic partner's ability to consider how the partner's mental states can guide behavior, to study familial resiliency in the face of prenatal parental depression among first-time parents. We investigate how partner RF buffers the association between prenatal parental depression and outcomes of postnatal parental depression, parenting style, and child effortful control. Maternal and paternal depression were measured in 91 primiparous couples during the sixth month of pregnancy and parental depression, partner RF, parental RF at 6 months postnatally. Outcomes of parental depression, permissive parenting, and children's effortful control were assessed 24 months postnatally. Results indicate that average and high levels of paternal partner (not parental) RF attenuate risk for maternal postnatal depression, maternal permissive parenting, and deficits in child effortful control. Implications are discussed from a family systems approach.
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34
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Reiss D, Ganiban JM, Leve LD, Neiderhiser JM, Shaw DS, Natsuaki MN. Parenting in the Context of the Child: Genetic and Social Processes. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2022; 87:7-188. [PMID: 37070594 PMCID: PMC10329459 DOI: 10.1111/mono.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The focus on the role of parenting in child development has a long-standing history. When measures of parenting precede changes in child development, researchers typically infer a causal role of parenting practices and attitudes on child development. However, this research is usually conducted with parents raising their own biological offspring. Such research designs cannot account for the effects of genes that are common to parents and children, nor for genetically influenced traits in children that influence how they are parented and how parenting affects them. The aim of this monograph is to provide a clearer view of parenting by synthesizing findings from the Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS). EGDS is a longitudinal study of adopted children, their birth parents, and their rearing parents studied across infancy and childhood. Families (N = 561) were recruited in the United States through adoption agencies between 2000 and 2010. Data collection began when adoptees were 9 months old (males = 57.2%; White 54.5%, Black 13.2%, Hispanic/Latinx 13.4%, Multiracial 17.8%, other 1.1%). The median child age at adoption placement was 2 days (M = 5.58, SD = 11.32). Adoptive parents were predominantly in their 30s, White, and coming from upper-middle- or upper-class backgrounds with high educational attainment (a mode at 4-year college or graduate degree). Most adoptive parents were heterosexual couples, and were married at the beginning of the project. The birth parent sample was more racially and ethnically diverse, but the majority (70%) were White. At the beginning of the study, most birth mothers and fathers were in their 20s, with a mode of educational attainment at high school degree, and few of them were married. We have been following these family members over time, assessing their genetic influences, prenatal environment, rearing environment, and child development. Controlling for effects of genes common to parents and children, we confirmed some previously reported associations between parenting, parent psychopathology, and marital adjustment in relation to child problematic and prosocial behavior. We also observed effects of children's heritable characteristics, characteristics thought to be transmitted from parent to child by genetic means, on their parents and how those effects contributed to subsequent child development. For example, we found that genetically influenced child impulsivity and social withdrawal both elicited harsh parenting, whereas a genetically influenced sunny disposition elicited parental warmth. We found numerous instances of children's genetically influenced characteristics that enhanced positive parental influences on child development or that protected them from harsh parenting. Integrating our findings, we propose a new, genetically informed process model of parenting. We posit that parents implicitly or explicitly detect genetically influenced liabilities and assets in their children. We also suggest future research into factors such as marital adjustment, that favor parents responding with appropriate protection or enhancement. Our findings illustrate a productive use of genetic information in prevention research: helping parents respond effectively to a profile of child strengths and challenges rather than using genetic information simply to identify some children unresponsive to current preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reiss
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine
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35
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Murray DW, Kurian J, Soliday Hong SL, Andrade FC. Meta‐analysis of early adolescent self‐regulation interventions: Moderation by intervention and outcome type. J Adolesc 2022; 94:101-117. [DOI: 10.1002/jad.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree W. Murray
- School of Education University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Jennifer Kurian
- Department of Psychology, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Psychology Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | - Fernanda C. Andrade
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
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36
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King LS, Salo VC, Kujawa A, Humphreys KL. Advancing the RDoC initiative through the assessment of caregiver social processes. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:1648-1664. [PMID: 34311802 PMCID: PMC8792111 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942100064x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The relationships infants and young children have with their caregivers are fundamental to their survival and well-being. Theorists and researchers across disciplines have attempted to describe and assess the variation in these relationships, leading to a general acceptance that caregiving is critical to understanding child functioning, including developmental psychopathology. At the same time, we lack consensus on how to assess these fundamental relationships. In the present paper, we first review research documenting the importance of the caregiver-child relationship in understanding environmental risk for psychopathology. Second, we propose that the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative provides a useful framework for extending the study of children's risk for psychopathology by assessing their caregivers' social processes. Third, we describe the units of analysis for caregiver social processes, documenting how the specific subconstructs in the domain of social processes are relevant to the goal of enhancing knowledge of developmental psychopathology. Lastly, we highlight how past research can inform new directions in the study of caregiving and the parent-child relationship through this innovative extension of the RDoC initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy S King
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Virginia C Salo
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn L Humphreys
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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37
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Imafuku M, Saito A, Hosokawa K, Okanoya K, Hosoda C. Importance of Maternal Persistence in Young Children's Persistence. Front Psychol 2021; 12:726583. [PMID: 34721187 PMCID: PMC8552035 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of a distant goal is an important personality trait that determines academic and social success. Recent studies have shown that individual differences in persistence involve both genetic and environmental factors; however, these studies have not examined the role of maternal factors on a young children's persistence. The present study examined whether mothers' persistence is associated with persistence in children aged 3-6 years. In addition, the associations between mothers' persistence/parenting style and children's self-control/social development (prosocial behaviors and difficulties) were examined. Our results showed that maternal persistence is essential for the child's persistence. Children's self-control and social development were also associated with the mothers' persistence and parenting style. Our findings suggest that a young child's persistence may develop under the influence of a familiar adult (i.e., mother) and characterizes their social development, highlighting the importance of persistence in parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Imafuku
- Department of Early Childhood Education and Care, Faculty of Education, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Saito
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenchi Hosokawa
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okanoya
- Department of Life Science Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Hosoda
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Ganiban JM, Liu C, Zappaterra L, An S, Natsuaki MN, Neiderhiser JM, Reiss D, Shaw DS, Leve LD. Gene × Environment Interactions in the Development of Preschool Effortful Control, and Its Implications for Childhood Externalizing Behavior. Behav Genet 2021; 51:448-462. [PMID: 34160711 PMCID: PMC8915202 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the role of gene × environment interaction (G × E) in the development of effortful control (EC) and externalizing symptoms (EXT). Participants included 361 adopted children, and their Adoptive Parents (APs) and Birth Mothers (BMs), drawn from the Early Growth and Development Study. The primary adoptive caregivers' (AP1) laxness and overreactivity were assessed when children were 27-months-old, and used as indices of environmental influences on EC. Heritable influences on child EC were assessed by the BMs' personality characteristics (emotion dysregulation, agreeableness). Secondary adoptive caregivers (AP2) reported on children's EC at 54 months, and EXT at 7 years. Interactions between BM characteristics and AP1 laxness were related to EC and indirectly predicted EXT via EC. Parental laxness and EC were positively associated if children had high heritable risk for poor EC (BM high emotion dysregulation or low agreeableness), but negatively associated if children had low heritable risk for poor EC (BM low emotion dysregulation or high agreeableness). BM agreeableness also moderated associations between AP1 overreactivity and effortful control, and yielded a similar pattern of results. Our findings suggest that G × E is an important first step in the development of EXT via its effect on EC. Consistent with "goodness of fit" models, heritable tendencies can affect which parenting practices best support EC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody M Ganiban
- George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, 2125 G St., NW, Washington, D.C., 20052, USA.
| | - Chang Liu
- George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | - Saehee An
- George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | | | - David Reiss
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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39
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Rusby JC, Prinz RJ, Metzler CW, Crowley R, Sanders MR. Attending to Task Demands: Systematic Observation of Parent Directives and Guidance in Varying Situational Contexts. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-021-09637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Xu X, Spinrad TL, Eisenberg N, Eggum-Wilkens ND. Longitudinal transactional relations among young children's defiance and committed compliance and maternal assertive control. INFANCY 2021; 26:686-704. [PMID: 34120399 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to more closely understand the direction of relations between maternal behavior and young children's defiance and committed compliance. We examined 256 mother-child dyads to explore developmental transactional relations between maternal assertive control, children's committed compliance, and children's defiance at 18 (T1), 30 (T2), and 42 (T3) months of age. After controlling for maternal gentle control, SES, and child sex, results showed parent effects for children's committed compliance, such that T1 maternal assertive control negatively predicted T3 committed compliance. Furthermore, toddlers' behavior predicted T3 parenting; that is, toddlers' T1 defiance positively predicted T3 maternal assertive control. Results of the present study indicate relatively long-term prediction (to 42 months) from both parent and child behaviors at 18 months of age, and the findings have implications for understanding the bidirectional and complex processes that account for young children's adaptive and maladaptive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Xu
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tracy L Spinrad
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nancy Eisenberg
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Natalie D Eggum-Wilkens
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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41
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Finlay-Jones A, Ang JE, Bennett E, Downs J, Kendall S, Kottampally K, Krogh-Jespersen S, Lim YH, MacNeill LA, Mancini V, Marriott R, Milroy H, Robinson M, Smith JD, Wakschlag LS, Ohan JL. Caregiver-mediated interventions to support self-regulation among infants and young children (0-5 years): a protocol for a realist review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046078. [PMID: 34112642 PMCID: PMC8194327 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-regulation is a modifiable protective factor for lifespan mental and physical health outcomes. Early caregiver-mediated interventions to promote infant and child regulatory outcomes prevent long-term developmental, emotional and behavioural difficulties and improve outcomes such as school readiness, educational achievement and economic success. To harness the population health promise of these programmes, there is a need for more nuanced understanding of the impact of these interventions. The aim of this realist review is to understand how, why, under which circumstances and for whom, early caregiver-mediated interventions improve infant and child self-regulation. The research questions guiding this review were based on consultation with families and community organisations that provide early childhood and family services. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Realist reviews take a theory-driven and iterative approach to evidence synthesis, structured around continuous refinement of a programme theory. Programme theories specify context-mechanism-outcome configurations to explain what works, for whom, under which circumstances and how. Our initial programme theory is based on prior work in this field and will be refined through the review process. A working group, comprising service users, community organisation representatives, representatives from specific populations, clinicians and review team members will guide the evidence synthesis and interpretation, as well as the development and dissemination of recommendations based on the findings of the review. The review will involve searching: (i) electronic databases, (ii) connected papers, articles and citations and (iii) grey literature. Decisions to include evidence will be guided by judgements about their contribution to the programme theory and will be made by the research team, with input from the working group. Evidence synthesis will be reported using the Realist and MEta-narrative Evidence Synthesis: Evolving Standards guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required as this is a review. Findings will be disseminated to our working group and through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER The protocol is registered with Open Science Framework https://osf.io/5ce2z/registrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Finlay-Jones
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jetro Emanel Ang
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elaine Bennett
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Ngangk Yira Research Centre for Aboriginal Health and Social Equity, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jenny Downs
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Child Disability, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sally Kendall
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Keerthi Kottampally
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sheila Krogh-Jespersen
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yi Huey Lim
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leigha A MacNeill
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vincent Mancini
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rhonda Marriott
- Ngangk Yira Research Centre for Aboriginal Health and Social Equity, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Milroy
- Youth Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monique Robinson
- Youth Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Justin D Smith
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeneva L Ohan
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Cundiff JM, Duggan KA, Xia M, Matthews KA. Prospective Associations of Parenting and Childhood Maltreatment with Personality in Adolescent Males. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:417-434. [PMID: 33792995 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examines whether early experiences with caregivers between the ages of 10 and 12 are associated with later adolescent personality at age 16 using both parent and child reports. Lower positive parenting was prospectively associated with higher neuroticism and lower extraversion and conscientiousness for both parent and self-reports of personality, as well as lower openness and agreeableness by parent report. Substantiated maltreatment was prospectively associated with greater neuroticism and lower agreeableness and conscientiousness assessed by parent report. Prospective associations were similar across Black and White participants. Positive parenting and, to a lesser extent, a lack of maltreatment were associated with adaptive personality profiles in adolescents, and associations were stronger for parent reports of personality.
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43
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Chodura S, Lohaus A, Symanzik T, Heinrichs N, Konrad K. Foster Parents' Parenting and the Social-Emotional Development and Adaptive Functioning of Children in Foster Care: A PRISMA-Guided Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2021; 24:326-347. [PMID: 33590373 PMCID: PMC8131300 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Children in foster care (CFC) are at increased risk for negative developmental outcomes. Given the potential influence of foster parents' parenting on the development of CFC, this literature review and meta-analysis provide an initial overview of how parenting factors in foster families relate to CFC's developmental outcomes. We aimed to explore (1) whether foster parents' parenting conceptualizations are related differently to various CFC developmental outcome variables and (2) how characteristics of foster parents and CFC moderate these associations. Following the recommendations of the PRISMA statement, we searched four databases in 2017 (with an update in May 2020). Forty-three primary studies were coded manually. The interrater agreement was 92.1%. Parenting variables were specified as parenting behavior, style, and goals and were distinguished further into functional and dysfunctional parenting. CFC development was divided into adaptive (including cognitive) development and maladaptive development. Meta-analyses could be performed for foster parenting behavior and developmental outcomes, as well as for functional parenting goals and maladaptive socioemotional outcomes in CFC. Associations between functional parenting behavior and adaptive child development were positive and negative for maladaptive child development, respectively. For dysfunctional, parenting effects were in the opposite direction. All effects were small to moderate. Similar results were found descriptively in the associations of parenting style and child developmental outcomes. We found similar effect sizes and directions of the associations between parenting behavior in foster families and the child's developmental outcomes as those previously reported for biological families. These findings provide strong support for the significant role of parenting in foster families regarding children's development in foster care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Chodura
- Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
- Department of Psychology, WU Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Arnold Lohaus
- Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tabea Symanzik
- Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nina Heinrichs
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Dept. for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen & Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
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44
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Ruggiero CF, McHale SM, Paul IM, Savage JS. Learned Experience and Resource Dilution: Conceptualizing Sibling Influences on Parents' Feeding Practices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115739. [PMID: 34071852 PMCID: PMC8199493 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies from diverse cultures report mixed results in the relationship between birth order and risk for obesity. Explanations may thus lie in the postnatal period when growth is shaped by the family environment, including parental feeding practices, which may be affected by siblings. Consistent with a family systems perspective, we describe two processes that may explain birth order effects on parental feeding practices and child outcomes: learned experience and resource dilution. Parents learn from experience when earlier-born children influence their parents’ knowledge, expectations, and behavior toward later-born siblings through their behaviors and characteristics—which can have both positive and negative implications. Resource dilution is a process whereby the birth of each child limits the time, attention and other resources parents have to devote to any one of their children. The goal of this review is to provide a theoretical basis for examining potential sibling influences on parental responsive feeding toward developing recommendations for future research and practice aimed at preventing obesity throughout family systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara F. Ruggiero
- The Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Susan M. McHale
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Ian M. Paul
- Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Jennifer S. Savage
- The Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
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45
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Roos LE, Salisbury M, Penner-Goeke L, Cameron EE, Protudjer JLP, Giuliano R, Afifi TO, Reynolds K. Supporting families to protect child health: Parenting quality and household needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251720. [PMID: 34029311 PMCID: PMC8143383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Supportive parenting is critical for promoting healthy child development in the face of stressors, such as those occurring during COVID-19. Here, we address a knowledge gap regarding specific household risk factors associated with parenting quality during the pandemic and incorporate first-person accounts of family challenges and needs. Methods Mixed methods were applied to data collected between April 14th - 28th, 2020 from the “Parenting During the Pandemic” survey. Participants included 656 primary caregivers (e.g., mothers, fathers, foster parents) of least one child age 1.5–8 years of which 555 (84.6%) responded to at least one parenting questionnaire. Parenting quality was assessed across stressful, negative, and positive parenting dimensions. Household risk was examined across pandemic- linked (e.g., caregiver depression, unmet childcare needs) and stable factors (i.e., annual income, mental illness history). Significant correlates were examined with regressions in Mplus. Thematic analysis identified caregiver challenges and unmet needs from open-ended questions. Findings Caregiver depression, higher child parity, unmet childcare needs, and relationship distress predicted lower-quality parenting. Caregiver depression was the most significant predictor across every parenting dimension, with analyses indicating medium effect sizes, ds = .39 - .73. Qualitative findings highlighted severe strains on parent capacities including managing psychological distress, limited social supports, and too much unstructured time. Interpretations Lower quality parenting during COVID-19 is associated with multiple household and pandemic risk factors, with caregiver depression consistently linked to parent- child relationship disruptions. Focused efforts are needed to address caregiver mental health to protect child health as part of the pandemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E. Roos
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Marlee Salisbury
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lara Penner-Goeke
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Emily E. Cameron
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. P. Protudjer
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ryan Giuliano
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tracie O. Afifi
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kristin Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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46
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Matsuyama Y, Fujiwara T, Sawada Y, Yagi J, Mashiko H, Kawachi I. Delay discounting in children exposed to disaster. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243994. [PMID: 33378366 PMCID: PMC7773199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Delay discounting is an important predictor of future health and academic success in children but can change in environmental uncertainty situations. Here we show that the experience of loss of housing in the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011-but not other psychological trauma such as loss of loved ones-was correlated delay discounting of children. In 2014, we assessed delay discounting in children (N = 167; mean age = 8.3 years-old), who were preschool age at the time of the earthquake (mean age at the time of disaster = 4.8 years-old) in a time-investment exercise where children allocated five tokens between rewards "now" (one candy per token on the same day) versus "one month later" (two candies per token one month later). The number of tokens allocated for "now" was higher by 0.535 (95% confidence interval: -0.012, 1.081) in children who had their housing destroyed or flooded than those with no housing damage. Other types of traumatic experiences were not associated with delay discounting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yasuyuki Sawada
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Asian Development Bank, Mandaluyong, Philippines
| | - Junko Yagi
- Department of Psychiatry, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behaviroral Science, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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47
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Children's Transition to School: Relationships Between Preschool Attendance, Cortisol Patterns, and Effortful Control. THE EDUCATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/edp.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Hill T, Palacios N. The influence of parental warmth and stress on reading through approaches to learning: Racial/ethnic variation. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Hill
- First 5 Contra Costa Children and Families Commission Concord California USA
| | - Natalia Palacios
- Curry School of Education and Human Development University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
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49
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Onland-Moret NC, Buizer-Voskamp JE, Albers MEWA, Brouwer RM, Buimer EEL, Hessels RS, de Heus R, Huijding J, Junge CMM, Mandl RCW, Pas P, Vink M, van der Wal JJM, Hulshoff Pol HE, Kemner C. The YOUth study: Rationale, design, and study procedures. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 46:100868. [PMID: 33075722 PMCID: PMC7575850 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral development in children shows large inter-individual variation, and is driven by the interplay between biological, psychological, and environmental processes. However, there is still little insight into how these processes interact. The YOUth cohort specifically focuses on two core characteristics of behavioral development: social competence and self-regulation. Social competence refers to the ability to engage in meaningful interactions with others, whereas self-regulation is the ability to control one's emotions, behavior, and impulses, to balance between reactivity and control of the reaction, and to adjust to the prevailing environment. YOUth is an accelerated population-based longitudinal cohort study with repeated measurements, centering on two groups: YOUth Baby & Child and YOUth Child & Adolescent. YOUth Baby & Child aims to include 3,000 pregnant women, their partners and children, wheras YOUth Child & Adolescent aims to include 2,000 children aged between 8 and 10 years old and their parents. All participants will be followed for at least 6 years, and potentially longer. In this paper we describe in detail the design of this study, the population included, the determinants, intermediate neurocognitive measures and outcomes included in the study. Furthermore, we describe in detail the procedures of inclusion, informed consent, and study participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Maria E W A Albers
- Division of Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth E L Buimer
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roy S Hessels
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel de Heus
- Division of Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Jorg Huijding
- Dept. Clinical Child and Family Studies, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht Univerity, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline M M Junge
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - René C W Mandl
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Pas
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Vink
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Kemner
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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50
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Early adversity and children's regulatory deficits: Does postadoption parenting facilitate recovery in postinstitutionalized children? Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:879-896. [PMID: 31656215 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Children reared in orphanages typically experience the lack of stable, reliable caregivers and are at increased risk for deficits in regulatory abilities including difficulties in inhibitory control, attention, and emotion regulation. Although adoption results in a radical shift in caregiving quality, there remains variation in postadoption parenting, yet little research has examined postadoption parenting that may promote recovery in children experiencing early life adversity in the form of institutional care. Participants included 93 postinstitutionalized children adopted between 15 and 36 months of age and 52 nonadopted same-aged peers. Parenting was assessed four times during the first 2 years postadoption (at 2, 8, 16, and 24 months postadoption) and children's regulation was assessed at age 5 (M age = 61.68 months) and during kindergarten (M age = 71.55 months). Multiple parenting dimensions including sensitivity/responsiveness, structure/limit setting, and consistency in routines were examined. Both parental sensitivity and structure moderated the effect of preadoption adversity on children's emotion regulation while greater consistency was associated with better inhibitory control and fewer attention problems. Results support the notion that postadoption parenting during toddlerhood and the early preschool years promotes better regulation skills following early adversity.
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